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You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objectives . The present research aims to describe the knowledge of elementary school teachers about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) through interviews about general information , symptoms/diagnosis and treatment , in addition to perceived self - efficacy . Methods . A descriptive cross - sectional population study was carried out , involving 62 teachers from public schools in the municipality of Sabaneta . The teachers were evaluated by the Spanish adaptation of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( KADDS ) , an estimation scale composed of 36 items of three alternative answers ( true , false and I do not know ) . Results . Teachers correctly answered a little less than half of the items in the total questionnaire ( 48 .52% ) . Specifically , it was in the subscale of dymptoms/diagnosis in which they presented more hits with 69 .35% , followed by the treatment subscale ( 45 .30% ) , and finally the general information ( 38 .60% ) . Conclusions . According to the data obtained , the need for interventions on the subject is confirmed , so that this is reflected in new teaching techniques that facilitate the learning and development of children with the disorder . | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADHD |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objective To analyse cognitive skills in patients with severe unilateral hearing loss versus those in subjects with normal hearing . Methods 40 adults participated : 20 patients ( 10 women and 10 men ) with severe unilateral hearing loss and 20 healthy subjects matched to the study group . Cognitive abilities were measured with the Spanish version of the Woodcock Johnson Battery - Revised ; central auditory processing was assessed with monaural psychoacoustic tests . Box plots were drawn and t tests were performed for samples with a significance of P≤ .05 . Results A comparison of performances on the filtered word testing and time - compressed disyllabic word tests between patients and controls revealed a statistically significant difference ( P≤ .05 ) with greater variability among responses by hearing impaired subjects . This same group also showed a better cognitive performance on the numbers reversed , visual auditory learning , analysis synthesis , concept formation , and incomplete words tests . Conclusions Patients with hearing loss performed more poorly than controls on the filtered word and time - compressed disyllabic word tests , but more competently on memory , reasoning , and auditory processing tasks . Complementary tests , such as those assessing central auditory processes and cognitive ability tests , are important and helpful for designing habilitation/rehabilitation and therapeutic strategies intended to optimise and stimulate cognitive skills in subjects with unilateral hearing impairment . | severe unilateral hearing loss
severe unilateral hearing loss
hearing impaired subjects
hearing loss
unilateral hearing impairment |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Children with Down Syndrome ( DS ) are children who grow and have interests , desires and needs just like any other child in their age group . Although mental retardation ( MR ) does give rise to certain syndrome - specific characteristics in their language development , these must not be treated in isolation because they have a bearing on other global development acquisitions . This paper advocates that we consider the importance of interaction and communication in early language acquisition from a functional perspective , bearing in mind the complexity of the language system and the interconnections between cognitive , emotional and social aspects in the acquisition process , in addition to the specificities of children with DS in their overall development . As the focus in this case is early childhood , rather than working directly with the child the proposed intervention seeks to help parents find communicative strategies that enhance the interactions they have with their children . | mental retardation
MR |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) is the most frequent complication of diabetes and is one of the main causes of blindness in the population of working age in industrialized countries . In the last few years , two studies ( FIELD and ACCORD - EYE ) have shown that fenofibrate is a therapeutic option in the early stages of DR . In the FIELD study , a 30% reduction was found in the need for laser photocoagulation therapy in the group of patients treated with fenofibrate . This beneficial effect was confirmed in the ACCORD - EYE study , which showed a 40% reduction in DR progression in patients treated with fenofibrate and simvastatin compared with those treated with simvastatin and placebo . Despite the solidity of these clinical results , the mechanisms through which fenofibrate exerts a beneficial effect in DR remain unclear . However , these effects have been related to its antioxidant and anti - inflammatory action , an antiapoptotic effect , its ability to preserve the function of the blood - retinal barrier , and possible neuroprotective and antiangiogenic effects . Fenofibrate may also act through «non - classical» lipid mechanisms such as an increase in apoA1 or its ability to decrease small , dense LDL particles . Knowledge of these mechanisms will provide a clearer perspective on the role of this drug in the management of DR and will also help to develop new therapeutic strategies to alleviate the devastating effects of this complication of diabetes . | blindness |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of dementias in individuals over 65 years old and their relationship with sex and age . Material and methods A descriptive study of prevalence was conducted on the population of Trobajo del Camino ( Trobajo - Valverde Health Centre ) , belonging to the municipality of San Andrés del Rabanedo in the Province of Leon . The medical records of all patients over 65 years were reviewed . Those who had been given a diagnosis of any type of dementia were recorded . The study included 9603 inhabitants , of which 1542 were at least 65 years of age , and formed the sample of this study . This sample ( 869 women and 673 men ) was 16 .1% of the total population studied . Results The prevalence of dementias in over 65 year - olds was 4 .9% , and was directly proportional with age . The disease was more prevalent in women ( 5 .6% ) . The most frequent type was Alzheimer disease ( 2 .6% ) , and the least frequent was progressive supranuclear palsy ( 0 .1% ) . Conclusions The prevalence of dementias was around 5% in the population over 65 years . A directly proportional relationship with age was obtained , and was more prevalent in women . | dementias
dementia
dementias
dementias |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Objective To examine the audiometric patterns of familial hearing impairment due to the A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA . Patients and methods We includ 55 subjects with the A1555G mutation from 6 unrelated families , affected by nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss and residing in Cantabria . The A1555G mutation was found in homoplasmy in all the families , except in one family , in which it was in heteroplasmy . Aside from standard history taking and general otolaryngological examination , pure tone audiometry was carried out in all patients . Results Hearing loss was developed by most of the patients . The auditory defect was a slowly progressive bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss , affecting mainly the high frequencies . In patients in which aminoglycoside ototoxicity could be excluded , hearing loss usually ranged from mild to moderate , with a late onset . In 17 cases there were previous history of treatment with a ototoxic drugs , and most of them developed severe hearing loss . One of them was deaf - mute . No audiometric differences between families with the homoplasmic and the heteroplasmic A1555G mutation were observed . Conclusions Patients with the A1555G mutation generally present bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss , ranging from mild to moderate , slowly progressive , which is obvious approximately in the second decade of life and affects specially the high frequencies . Hearing loss severity is increased by treatment with aminoglycosides . | hearing impairment
nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss
slowly progressive bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss
severe hearing loss
deaf - mute
bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing loss |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objectives To analyze clinical , functional , mental , sociofamiliar , and evolutional characteristics of pluripathological patients ( PP ) in Primary Health Care setting . Patients and method Prospective , multiinstitutional cohort study in four Primary Health Care Institutions by active identification of PP from a computerized registry using the Spanish Andalusian Health Care Council criteria . A clinical interview was proposed to all identified patients . The clinical data , Barthel index ( BI ) , Pfeiffer scale , clinical vulnerability ( CV ) , sociofamiliar features by the Gijon scale , and 1 - year admissions and mortality were analyzed . An univariant and multivariant analysis was performed in order to know the risk factors associated to previously described variables . Results Overall , 806 PP were detected ( 1 .38% of the population ) . Cardiovascular categories were the most prevalent . A total of 662 patients ( 69% ) were eligible for the interview . Median BI was 90 ( 0 - 100 ) , and 24% of patients had severe functional impairment ( BI < 60 ) . Twenty - nine percent of them had been admitted to hospital at least once in the last 3 months . Patients with more functional impairment and CV were older , having more defining categories , especially E category . A total of 174 patients ( 37 .75% ) had cognitive impairment . This group was older , with more functional impairment , and worse sociofamiliar support . One - year mortality was 6 .1% , and was correlated with CV and older age . Conclusions The definition of PP used selects in the Primary Care setting a population with a high level of multidimensional frailty having a high prevalence of functional , cognitive deterioration , sociofamiliar problems , CV and consumption of health care resources . Due to this multidimensional deterioration , it is recommendable to make an integral evaluation in the health care practice of these patients . | severe functional impairment
functional impairment
cognitive impairment
functional impairment
functional , cognitive deterioration |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction and objective Hearing plays an essential role in the acquisition , development and maintenance of the properties of the speech and language . Birth weight is an indicator of biological maturation of the newborn . Premature newborns with very low birth weight ( VLBW<1500 g ) constitute a group with the highest risk of sensorineural hearing loss . Our objective was to ascertain the degree of hearing loss , sensorineural hearing loss and presence of the association to other risk factors for hearing loss in VLBW infants included in the Universal Hearing Loss Screening Programme at the University Mother - Child Hospital of Gran Canaria ( Spain ) in the 2007–2010 period . Material and methods This was a retrospective study of 364 infants with VLBW , measured by transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response . Results There were 112 newborns ( 30 .8% ) referred for auditory brainstem response . A diagnosis of hearing loss was given to 22 newborns ( 2 .2% ) , 14 had conductive hearing loss and 8 , sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) , of which 2 had bilateral profound hearing loss . The VLBW newborns presented the association to another risk factor in more than a quarter of the sample studied . All those diagnosed with SNHL were premature . Conclusions The percentage of VLBW newborns diagnosed with hearing loss is higher than expected in the general population . All those diagnosed with SNHL were premature and presented one or 2 hearing risk factors associated with VLBW . | sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
conductive hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
SNHL
bilateral profound hearing loss
SNHL
hearing loss
SNHL |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction We present a statistic study comparing all the options we can take to face congenital deafness as a problem of public health . Patients and Methods We collected and analyzed data obtained between 1991 and 1995 , just before our universal screening program started . They were separated into two groups with the 144 children explored using ABR , and the results were compared depending on the option taken in each group ( no screening or high risk screening ) and finally with those obtained in a universal program . Results The establishment of a high risk screening program was followed by a drastic reduction of the severe deafness diagnosis ( 29’5% to 8% ) , and also of the mean age of diagnosis ( 24 to 14 months ) , which were found statistically significant . The mean age with universal screening is 3 months . Discussion and conclusions Early detection of congenital hearing impairment has brought an important advance in the management of this problem of public health minimizing its sequels as the diagnosis is reached earlier . The universal screening of deafness is feasible as based on cheap and easy diagnostic techniques available in any centre , and it must be performed with the rest of Health Children Programs . | congenital deafness
severe deafness
congenital hearing impairment
deafness |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Background and objectives Residual hearing is considered a prognostic factor in patients with cochlear implants . Objective determination of residual hearing by steady - state evoked potential ( SSEP ) is of the utmost importance . The aims of this study were to quantify residual hearing and evaluate the usefulness of SSEP measurement in patients with cochlear implants . Methods Liminal pure - tone audiometry was applied in 12 patients before and after cochlear implantation . SSEP were evaluated post - implantation . Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations were carried out and contingency tables were constructed . Results Residual hearing at a frequency of 125 Hz was preserved in 37 .5% of the patients , at 250 and 500 Hz in 45 .45% , and at 1000 Hz in 27 .27% . After implantation , residual hearing at 2000 Hz was retained in 28 .85% , at 4000 Hz in 16% , and at 8000 Hz in 0% . Post - implantation SSEP showed no response in the implanted ear as compared with the non - implanted ear at frequencies of 500 and 1000 Hz . Because the patients had bilateral profound hearing loss , this finding suggested partial destruction of the neural tissue in the implanted ear . Conclusions Residual low frequency hearing was preserved in most patients . Our results suggest that SSEP is useful in the assessment of residual hearing . | bilateral profound hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction The theory of mental simulation argues that we represent the mental states of other people by internally imitating them . Before recognizing the facial expression of emotions , we automatically simulate them . The motor simulation mechanism is activated by observing symbolic gestures , which activates our representations of these same actions . The aim was to study the relationship between motor simulation and mental simulation by evaluating praxias and the facial recognition of basic emotions , with consideration of both conceptual components and production components in the production of gestures in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia . Methods We examined 13 subjects diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia at the Neurology Service of HIGA Eva Perón . To assess the recognition of emotions , we administered recognition , selection and pairing tasks . In turn , we used battery praxias , and considered both content errors and temporospatial errors . Results 92 .3% of patients had apraxia and 61 .5% showed alterations in facial emotion recognition . The latter correlated with five measures of praxias with a significant association between both batteries . Temporospatial errors correlated with emotion recognition tasks . Conclusions Based on the associations found , we suggest that there is a relationship between motor simulation and mental simulation . This relationship is based on the spatiotemporal component and not on the conceptual aspect of the production of gestures . | behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
apraxia |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract In the last few years , there has been an explosion of new drugs acting on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis ( MS ) but less attention has been paid to better knowledge of the symptoms of this disease and their pathogenesis and treatment , which is essential to improve patients’ quality of life . Because many patients have numerous concurrent symptoms during their clinical course , their management is complex and consequently it is important to know which symptoms are a direct result of the degenerative lesions of MS . The present article describes all the therapeutic options available for spasticity and its associated pain , paroxystic symptoms , fatigue , genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction , tremor , ataxia , gait disorder and cognitive impairment , with special emphasis on novel treatments . The article also defines exacerbations , how to recognize them and the available treatments , mainly oral administration of high–dose methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis | ataxia
gait disorder
cognitive impairment |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
A female who was born after a gestation of 37 weeks without incident . A caesarean was performed due to cephalopelvic disproportion . She had no clavicles , dehiscence of the sagittal suture , large anterior fontanelle and occipital prominence . A chest x - ray , abdominal and brain ultrasound and karyotype , was requested , with changes only seen in the x - ray , , which showe clavicular agenesis and flared chest . Cleidocranial dysostosis was diagnosed a family study was started . There are ten affected members in five generations . The partial or total absence of clavicles , the late closure of cranial sutures and fontanelles , the diastasis of the pubic symphysis and the flared chest during the first days of life , are constant features . Four presented characteristic facies and three delayed onset of first teeth which required extractions . There is hearing loss in three of them . The three documented childbirths were caesarean due to cephalopelvic disproportion . Other alterations are failure to thrive , coxa vara and early osteoarthritis . | hearing loss |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction We used data from the Global Burden of Disease , Injuries , and Risk Factors Study 2010 to report on the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in Spain . Materials and methods The summary measure of burden used in the study was the disability - adjusted life - year ( DALY ) , which sums of the years of life lost due to premature mortality ( YLLs ) and the years lived with disability ( YLDs ) . DALYs were adjusted for comorbidity and estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals . Results The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders accounted for 18 .4% of total all - cause DALYs generated in Spain for 2010 . Within this group , the top five leading causes of DALYs were : depressive disorders , Alzheimer's disease , migraine , substance - use disorders , and anxiety disorder , which accounted for 70 .9% of all DALYs due to neuropsychiatric disorders . Neurological disorders represented 5 .03% of total all cause YLLs , whereas mental and substance - use disorders accounted for 0 .8% . Mental and substance - use disorders accounted for 22 .4% of total YLDs , with depression being the most disabling disorder . Neurological disorders represented 8 .3% of total YLDs . Conclusions Neuropsychiatric disorders were one of the leading causes of disability in 2010 . This finding contributes to our understanding of the burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish population and highlights the importance of prioritising neuropsychiatric disorders in the Spanish public health system . | neuropsychiatric disorders
neuropsychiatric disorders
neuropsychiatric disorders
mental and substance - use disorders
Mental and substance - use disorders
Neuropsychiatric disorders
neuropsychiatric disorders
neuropsychiatric disorders |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Introduction . Depression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder in adulthood and is associated with higher mortality and functional disability . Objectives . To determine the association between clinical and sociodemographic variables with depression in a sample of people over 50 years old living in Spain , and compare the prevalence of depression with the other Survey of Health , Ageing and Retirement ( SHARE ) countries . Material and methods . There were 5 , 830 participants in the Spanish sample of the Wave 5 , 2013 , of SHARE . Tools used : EURO - D ( Depression ) and CASP - 12 ( Quality of Life ) . Statistical analysis : Bivariate , and binary logistic . Results . The variables associated with depression in the binary logistic regression ( EURO - D ≥4 ) were poor self - perceived physical health ( OR=13 .34 ; 95% CI : 9 .74 - 18 .27 ) , having more than 2 difficulties in Activities of Daily Living ( ADL ) ( OR=4 .46 ; 95% CI : 3 .13 - 6 .34 ) and female gender ( OR=2 .16 ; 95% CI : 1 .83 - 2 .56 ) . Depression was more common among participants with Alzheimer ( 76 .4% ) , emotional disorders ( 73 .9% ) , Parkinson ( 57 .4% ) , hip fracture ( 55 .4% ) , and rheumatism ( 50 .9% ) . Compared with other European countries , Spain had a percentage of people with depression ( 29 .3% ) that was higher than the European average ( 27 .9% ) . Conclusions . The most important variables associated with depression were poor perceived physical health , presence of difficulties in ADL , and female gender . | disabling psychiatric disorder
functional disability
emotional disorders |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction A major challenge for gerontological research is to differentiate adequately between old adults with poor performance on cognitive tasks due to depression , and those who present cognitive impairment associated with dementia . In view of the fact that cognitive plasticity has already proved to be efficient in the diagnosis of age - associated cognitive impairment , mild cognitive impairment and dementia , the objective of this study is to investigate the possibility that it may also prove useful in the differential diagnosis of these two disorders . Materials and methods A total of 50 old adults participated in the study . These completed the Positions Test ( PT ) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test of Learning Potential ( AVLT - LP ) as measures of cognitive plasticity . Participants also undertook the Spanish version of Mini Mental State ( MEC ) , Life Satisfaction Questionnaire ( LSQ ) and Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) . Socio - demographic data were also collected . Results With regard to cognitive plasticity , depressed old adults do not differ from those without depression . On the other hand , old adults with cognitive impairment present less cognitive plasticity than those without cognitive impairment . Conclusion Cognitive plasticity appears to be a relevant variable in the differentiation between old people with low cognitive performance due to depression and old people with cognitive impairment . | cognitive impairment
dementia
mild cognitive impairment
dementia
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
A substantial percentage of primary care ( PC ) visits are motivated by some type of emotional disorder , especially depression , anxiety and somatization . These common mental disorders represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society . Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders , psychological interventions are rarely used in PC . The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care ( PsicAP ) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive - behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC . This therapy , which involves only 7 sessions , is especially appropriate for PC settings . In the present article , we present the treatment manual , session by session , with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions . Finally , we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain . | emotional disorder
mental disorders |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Position statement from the European Psychiatric Association ( EPA ) , supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes ( EASD ) and the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) . People with severe mental illnesses , such as schizophrenia , depression or bipolar disorder , have worse physical health and reduced life expectancy compared to the general population . The excess cardiovascular mortality associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is attributed to an increased risk of the modifiable coronary heart disease risk factors , obesity , smoking , diabetes , hypertension , and dyslipidaemia . Antipsychotic medication and possibly other psychotropic medication like antidepressants can induce weight gain and further increase the risk of adverse metabolic effects which may result in further increased incidence of cardiovascular disease . Patients have limited access to general healthcare with less opportunity for cardiovascular risk screening and prevention than would be expected in a non - psychiatric population . The European Psychiatric Association ( EPA ) , supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes ( EASD ) and the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) published this statement aiming to improve the care of patients suffering from severe mental illness . The intention is to initiate co - operation and shared care between the different health care professionals and to increase the awareness of psychiatrists caring for patients suffering from severe mental illness to screen and treat increased cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes . | severe mental illnesses
severe mental illness
severe mental illness |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Functional deficits are commonly observed in bipolar disorder after symptomatic remission . Social cognition deficits have also been reported , which could contribute to dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder in remission . Material and methods Twelve bipolar disorder patients in symptomatic remission ( 7 patients with bipolar disorder type I and 5 with bipolar disorder type II ) and 12 healthy controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Faux Pas Test to evaluate theory of mind ( ToM ) . Both groups also completed the Functional Assessment Short Test ( FAST ) . Results The performance of the bipolar patients in the cognitive component of ToM was below normal , although the difference between the control group was not statistically significant ( _P_ = .078 ) , with a trend to a worse performance associated with a higher number of depressive episodes ( _P_ = .082 ) . There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the emotional component of ToM . Global functionality was significantly lower in bipolar patients compared to the control group ( _P_ = .001 ) . Significant differences were also observed between both groups in five of the six dimensions of functionality assessed . No significant correlation was found between functionality and theory of mind . Conclusions Bipolar patients in symptomatic remission exhibit impairments in several areas of functioning . Cognitive ToM appears more affected than emotional ToM . Deficits in ToM were not related to functional impairment . | Functional deficits
Social cognition deficits
impairments in several areas of functioning
functional impairment |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction Cerebral palsy ( CP ) is the most common chronic motor disorder in children and frequently associates sensorial pathology . The objective of our study was to establish the prevalence and characteristics of sensorineural hearing loss in children with CP . Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients born between the years 1975 and 2004 , diagnosed of CP in the “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital . Clinical data were collected including the presence of sensorineural hearing loss , age at diagnosis , treatment and associated pathology . Results Sixty four patients had confirmed CP . Audiological testing had been performed in thirty patients ( 47% ) of them 18 ( 60% ) had sensorineural hearing loss ( 12 bilateral and 6 unilateral ) . In thirteen cases hearing loss was associated with mental retardation . The age at diagnosis ranged from 3 months to 7 years ( mean 23 .2 months ) . Eight patients were treated with hearing aids and one with a cochlear implant . Conclusion Sensorineural hearing loss is frequent in CP patients . Management of this problem is difficult in this setting because of the motor disorder and the associated pathology . Early audiological assessment is very important to improve the language outcome in these children . | Cerebral palsy
CP
chronic motor disorder
sensorineural hearing loss
CP
CP
sensorineural hearing loss
CP
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss
mental retardation
Sensorineural hearing loss
CP
motor disorder |
You are an excellent assistant at finding disabilities in Spanish biomedical abstracts. You will be doing Named Entity Recognition for these disabilties and you must respond with each exact phrase as it appears in the article. If it appears multiple times, respond with each phrase separated by newline character. If there are no disabilities, respond with NA.
A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Traumatic brain injury is the first cause of death in persons younger than 45 years in Spain . Swallowing disorders are common in the initial phase of a severe traumatic brain injury . The incidence of dysphagia varies between 25 and 61% of patients and the prognosis depends on correct evaluation and early and appropriate treatment . The outcome of dysphagia depends on a low score in the Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Scale and the Glasgow Coma Scale , orotracheal intubation and the presence of tracheostomy . The most widely used instrumental assessment tool for the diagnosis of dysphagia is videofluoroscopy . This procedure consists of swallowing a variety of liquids and foods mixed with barium . Swallowing maneuvres and oral motor exercises are useful in the rehabilitation of swallowing . Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain shows the cortical areas that are activated during the application of rehabilitation treatment . | Swallowing disorders
dysphagia
dysphagia
dysphagia |
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Introduction Hyperbilirubinaemia is a neonatal risk factor that has been proved to be associated with sensorineural hearing loss . A high concentration of unconjugated bilirubin place newborn children at risk of suffering toxic effects , including hypoacusia . Objectives Review of the newborn screening results with a diagnosis of pathological hyperbilirubinaemia as part of a hearing - loss early detection protocol in the general population based on otoemissions and evoked potentials . Material and method Retrospective study of 21 590 newborn children screened between 2002 and 2006 . The selection criteria for defining pathological hyperbilirubinaemia were bilirubin concentrations in excess of 14 mg/dL in pre - term infants and 20 mg/dL in full - term babies . The Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Programme is a two - phase protocol in which all children are initially subjected to a transient otoacoustic emissions test ( TOAE ) . Children presenting risk factors associated with auditory neuropathy were always given brainstem auditory evoked potentials ( BAEP ) . Results The patients identified as having severe hyperbilirubinaemia in the neonatal period numbered 109 ( 0 .5% ) and 96 of these ( 88 .07 % ) passed the otoacoustic emissions test at the first attempt and 13 ( 11 .93 % ) did not ; 11 of the 13 children in whom the otoacoustic emissions test was repeated passed it successfully . The 2 children who failed to pass the otoacoustic emissions test has normal BAEP results ; 3 ( 2 .75 % ) of the newborn infants who passed the TOAE test did not pass the BAEP . Discussion Hyperbilirubinaemia values previously considered safe may harm the hearing system and give rise to isolated problems in auditory processing without being associated with other signs of classical kernicterus . Our results show that hyperbilirubinaemia - related auditory neuropathy reveals changes over time in the audiometric outcomes . | sensorineural hearing loss
hypoacusia
hearing - loss |
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The definition of the negative response of the full field electroretinogram is the presence of a b - wave with less amplitude than the a - wave ( b/a ratio<1 ) in the combined response of cones and rods . The presence of this pattern reflects an alteration in the bipolar cells , the Müller cells , or in the transmission of the stimulus from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells , with preserved photoreceptor function . This finding can be seen bilaterally and symmetrically in different hereditary conditions , such as congenital stationary night blindness , juvenile X - linked retinoschisis , and Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies . On the other hand , it can also be found unilaterally ( or asymmetrically ) in acquired pathologies , such as some types of immuno - mediated retinitis ( Birdshot retinochoroiditis ) , autoimmune retinopathies , cancer/melanoma associated retinopathy , or retinal toxicity . The objective of this review is to summarise the characteristics of the pathologies in which this finding can be observed , in order to highlight its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of retinal conditions . | congenital stationary night blindness |
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Abstract Introduction and objective Several authors have found increased anxiety in patients the day before an intervention and its correlation with anxiety levels the post - operative period . In this study , we determined a number of problems to which patients who underwent total laryngectomy often objected : the tracheostomy , being left without a voice and it being an aggressive , major surgery . Our objective was to assess the degree of anxiety and fears of the patient prior to total laryngectomy . Material and methods We compared 2 groups of 20 patients who underwent operation for total laryngectomy and for other ENT pathologies . On the day before the operation , we collected demographic and medical data and administered the Spanish versions of the Folstein Mini - Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) and the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ - 28 ) . We also investigated whether the patients had any fear or fear of surgery and what that fear was . Results Completion of the MMSE revealed cognitive impairment in only one patient . We subsequently conducted the GHQ - 28 and found psychological distress in 20 - 25% of our cases . When the different fears in both groups were compared by X2 , the results were not statistically significant . Conclusions Total laryngectomy causes the loss of oral communication and impairs self - image , contributing to a strong emotional reaction . It is essential to have effective rehabilitation , which considers all aspects of health - sickness , such as the recovery of spoken language , social aspects and the psychological characteristics , vital for proper comprehensive patient management . | cognitive impairment
loss of oral communication |
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Introduction Stroke is the main cause of disability in adults and the second cause of mortality , being more common in elderly people . The aim of this study was to determine the functional outcome at 1 year in all patients older than 85 years who were evaluated by the Rehabilitation Therapy Service after being admitted for stroke in 2014 . Materials and methods A longitudinal , observational , prospective study was conducted in 41 patients . We analysed sociodemographic information , the clinical characteristics of the strokes , neurological status at admission ( NIHSS ) , functional status ( Barthel Index and Rankin Scale ) and walking capacity at admission , at rehabilitation discharge , and after one year . All statistical test were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows and statistical significance was set at a p - value of 0 .05 . Results The mean age of the patients was 88 .6 years ( 85 - 97 ) and 56% were women . The average NIHSS score in the first week was 11 .2 . The mean length of hospital stay was 15 days . The initial Barthel score was 80 .6 and initial Rankin score was 1 .51 ; these scores were 54 .5 and 2 .79 , respectively , at 1 year after stroke . Eighteen patients ( 41 .8% ) died . The factors that significantly influenced functional recovery were a better previous functional status , NIHSS score <10 , the absence of atrial fibrillation , having fewer comorbidities and the absence of aphasia . Conclusions One year after a stroke , elderly patients showed a high mortality rate , and those who survived had substantial functional loss . | aphasia
substantial functional loss |
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Cogan's syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease typified by interstitial keratitis and Meniere - like auditory involvement , and it can be accompanied by systemic vasculitis . It's a rare disease and its diagnosis is difficult and often late , which increases the risk of sequelae , such as visual loss or deafness . In addition , its treatment is not well - established and is based on case reports that have observed efficacy of drugs such as cyclophosphamide , anti - TNF or tocilizumab . A case of Cogan's syndrome is presented that did not respond to methotrexate , cyclophosphamide , or anti - TNF , but with a partial response to tocilizumab . | visual loss
deafness |
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Abstract The audiology is a discipline that since its inception has sought in technology resources to address communication problems resulting from hearing disorders . Among the different possibilities that enhance auditory perception , cochlear implants are an important milestone as it is indicated in the bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss involving major problem for human communication . Currently , the widespread use of cochlear implants can raise new perspectives in the study of hearing and communication disorders associated with this loss . The voice is one of the aspects of communication that are most altered in relation to the degree of hearing loss . Although there are many studies that relate speech and hearing , yet little literature studying this relationship in adult patients with cochlear implants . The aim of this paper is to raise this ratio in patients with post - lingual profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss that after undergoing cochlear implant surgery are able to reflect through a subjective assessment by the Voice Handicap Index an evolution in the perception of their own voice . The results regarding the perception of voice before and after cochlear implant by study subjects correlated with the publications to date and reflect a subjective improvement in this perception . | communication problems
hearing disorders
bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss
hearing and communication disorders
hearing loss
post - lingual profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract Outcome prediction is an important component of treatment planning and prognosis . However , reliable predictors of intensive behavioral intervention ( IBI ) have not been clearly established . IBI is an evidence - based approach to the systematic teaching of academic , social , verbal , and daily living skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorder . Incorporating longitudinal analysis to IBI outcome studies may help to identify outcome predictors of clinical value . Twenty - four children with autism underwent on average two years of IBI and completed language , daily living skills , cognitive , and motor assessments ( Early Learning Accomplishment Profile and the Learning Accomplishment Profile - Diagnostic , 3rd edition ) every six months . We used multilevel analysis to identify potential longitudinal predictors including gender , age , intervention intensity , intervention duration , total intervention time , and pre - intervention functioning . Results indicated that total intervention time , pre - intervention functioning , and age caused the greatest increase in goodness - of - fit of the longitudinal multilevel models . Longitudinal analysis is a promising analytical strategy to identify reliable predictors of the clinical outcome of IBI . | autism spectrum disorder
autism |
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Abstract Objective Previous research supports the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and mental disorders . The aim of this study was to analyse the association between drug and alcohol use prior to incarceration and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population in Spain . Material and methods A cross - sectional study was conducted , including to 2709 incarcerated subjects ( 2484 males and 225 females ) from a total of 8 prisons . A self - administered anonymous and voluntary questionnaire was used . The prevalence of psychoactive substance use prior to imprisonment and the current prevalence of mental disorders was calculated . The association between the two variables was analysed with logistic regression for both genders . Results Alcohol was the most consumed substance in the 6 months prior to detention for both men and women ( 68 .5 and 48 .9% , respectively ) followed by cannabis ( 50 .9 and 38 .2% , respectively ) . The prevalence of mental disorders in prison was statically significant for men and women ( 24 .9 and 34 .2% , respectively ) . Most of the psychoactive substances analysed involve a risk factor for current mental disorder , especially as regards the use of psychotropic drugs ( OR : 2 .04 , 95% CI : 1 .54–2 .71 ) and cannabis ( OR : 1 .81 , 95% CI : 1 .47–2 .24 ) . Discussion We found an association between alcohol and drug use and the current prevalence of mental disorders among the incarcerated population sample . Furthermore , it is recommended to develop effective protocols for treatment and rehabilitation programmes in prison . These should suit inmates’ history of drug and alcohol use to improve mental health strategies . | mental disorders
mental disorders
mental disorders
mental disorders
mental disorder
mental disorders |
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Abstract Objectives To determine the pattern of services use and costs of patients requiring care for mental disorders ( MD ) in primary care in the context of routine clinical practice . Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients older than 15 consulting primary care at least once for MD , attended by 5 primary care teams in 2004 . A comparative group was formed with the remaining outpatients without MD . The main measurements were age , gender , case - mix/comorbidity and health resource utilization and corresponding outpatient costs ( drugs , diagnostic tests and visits ) . Multiple logistic regression analysis and ANCOVA models were applied . Results A total of 64 , 072 patients were assessed , of which 11 , 128 had some type of MD ( 17 .4% ; 95% CI , 16 .7 - 18 .1 ) . Patients consulting for MD had a greater number of health problems ( 6 .7 vs . 4 .7 ; p < 0 .0001 ) and higher resource consumption , mainly all - type medical visits/patient/year ( 10 .7 vs . 7 .2 ; p < 0 .0001 ) . The mean annual cost per patient was higher for patients with MD ( 851 .5 vs . 519 .2 euros ; p < 0 .0001 ) , and this difference remained significant after adjusting by age , sex and comorbidities , with a differential cost of euros 72 .7 ( 95% CI , 59 .2 - 85 .9 ) . All components of outpatient management costs were significantly higher in the MD group . Conclusions Outpatients seeking care for some type of MD had a high number of comorbidities and showed greater annual cost per patient in the primary care setting . | mental disorders
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD
MD |
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Introduction . The use of steroids in the post - natal period is a common practice , although it is still controversial in neonatology due to its association with adverse effects and risk of neurodevelopment sequelae . Material and methods . A retrospective , observational , analytical study was conducted including patients weighing less than 1500g that received a steroid protocol for extubation between 2008 and 2010 and compared with a control group . Neurodevelopment was evaluated using the Bayley II scale at one and two years of age , as well as an analysis of the demographic variables and morbidity . Results . A total of 132 patients were included , with 46 in the study group and 86 in the control group . No differences were found in the demographic variables , although the length of stay was significantly longer in the study group . An increased risk for arterial hypertension , grade II intraventricular haemorrhage , Patent Ductus Arteriosus , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , and retinopathy was found in the study group . There was no difference as regards blindness , hearing loss , cerebral palsy , and leukomalacia . At 2 years of age an increase in the risk for mild mental development impairment was found in the control group and increased risk for significant delay in psychomotor development in the study group . Conclusions . Post - natal low dose steroids are effective to accomplish extubation in patients that are ventilation dependent . Significant psychomotor development changes were found at 2 years of age , with no evidence of leukomalacia or cerebral palsy . | blindness
hearing loss
cerebral palsy
mild mental development impairment
significant delay in psychomotor development
cerebral palsy |
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Background Our aims were to develop a Spanish version of the short portable mental status questionnaire ( SPMSQ ) ( Pfeiffer’s test ) and to validate the resultant Spanish version of the test among a general population aged 65 years or older . Patients , Material And Methods First , we developed the Spanish version of the SPMSQ by means of a cross - cultural adaptation methodology . Patients were the assessed by independent teams in two sessions the same day . The first team ( two trained psychiatrists and one trained family physician ) carried out a standardised neuropsychological assessment to diagnose cognitive dementia according to ICD - 10 criteria wich was regarded as the reference “gold standard” to calculate validity parameters ( sensitivity and specificity ) . The second team ( family physicians/nurses ) assessed the presence of cognitive impairment with the Spanish version of the SPMSQ . Results 255 subjects ( 66 .7% , females ) underwent the assessment . Mean age was 74 .5 years and 65 .5% of them were illiterate . The inter - rater reliability and test - retest reliability of the SPMSQ Spanish version were 0 .738 ( p < 0 .001 ) , and 0 .925 ( p < 0 .001 ) , respectively , with a convergent validity of 0 .74 ( p < 0 .001 ) and a discriminant validity of 0 .230 ( p < 0 .001 ) . The internal consistency was high with an αvalue of 0 .82 . The area under the ROC curve was 0 .89 . Sensitivity and specificity were 85 .7 and 79 .3 , respectively ( cut - off of 3 or more ) . Conclusions The Spanish version of the SPMSQ test has a good reliability and validity . For clinical use , a cut - off of 3 appears to be most useful . When illiterate patients are assessed , the it is recommended to employ a cut - off of 4 or more . | cognitive
dementia according to ICD - 10 criteria wich was regarded as the reference “gold standard” to calculate validity parameters ( sensitivity and specificity ) . The second team ( family physicians/nurses ) assessed the presence of
cognitive impairment |
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Objective to analyze the prevalence of depressive syndrome and cognitive impairment in elderly non - institutionalized women in Cali ( Colombia ) . Material and methods we performed a cross - sectional descriptive study . The Yesavage depression scale ( 15 - item version ) and the Pfeiffer test were applied . A total of 416 women over the age of 60 years old living in the city of Cali and attending distinct health centres were chosen during the first semester of 2004 , using non - probabilistic sampling . The association of sociodemographic and clinical variables with cognitive impairment was evaluated using a logistic regression model . Results the prevalence of depression was 19 .95% ( 95% CI , 15 .99 - 23 .91% ) and that of cognitive deterioration was 2 .64% ( 95% CI , 0 .98 - 4 .31% ) . No predictive factors were found in the multivariate analysis , although a higher risk of cognitive deterioration was observed in women with depression ( OR = 3 .171 ; 95% CI , 0 .833 - 12 .081% ) . Among the oldest women ( OR = 5 .979 ; 95% CI , 0 .990 - 36 .131% ) , higher income seemed to be a protective factor ( OR = 0 .160 ; 95% CI , 0 .018 - 1 .446% ) . Conclusions a moderate prevalence of depressive symptomatology and cognitive impairment was found in non - institutionalized elderly women . The prevalence of these disorders should be determined in each health centre . This would enable intervention programs aimed at improving quality of life in these women to be designed and would help to reduce the factors causing depression and cognitive impairment . | cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
cognitive deterioration
cognitive deterioration
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract Bipolar disorder ( BD ) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that is found within the first ten causes of disability and premature mortality . The metabolic syndrome ( MS ) is a group of risk factors ( RF ) that predispose to cardiovascular disease ( CV ) , diabetes and early mortality . Both diseases generate high costs to the health system . Major studies have shown that MS has a higher prevalence in patients with mental disorders compared to the general population . The incidence of MS in BD is multifactorial , and due to iatrogenic , genetic , economic , psychological , and behavioral causes related to the health system . The most common RF found is these patients was an increased abdominal circumference , and it was found that the risk of suffering this disease was greater in women and Hispanic patients . As regards the increase in RF to develop a CV in patients with BD , there have been several explanations based on the risky behavior of patients with mental illness , included tobacco abuse , physical inactivity and high calorie diets . An additional explanation described in literature is the view of BD as a multisystemic inflammatory illness , supported by the explanation that inflammation is a crucial element in atherosclerosis , endothelial dysfunction , platelet rupture , and thrombosis . The pathophysiology of MS and BD include factors such as adrenal , thyroid and sympathetic nervous system dysfunction , as well as poor lifestyle and medication common in these patients . This article attempts to give the reader an overall view of the information published in literature to date , as regards the association between BD and MS . | chronic psychiatric disorder
mental disorders
mental illness |
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Introduction The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of cognitive impairment on functional decline in hospitalised patients aged ≥60 years . Methods Measurements at admission included demographic data , Charlson's comorbidity index , and cognitive impairment ( according to education level ) . Data were also collected on hospital length of stay , depression , and delirium developed during hospitalisation . The outcome , Barthel Index ( BI ) , was measured at admission , discharge , and 1 - month post - discharge . Patients with BI≤75 at admission ( n=54 ) or with a missing BI value were excluded ( n=1 ) . Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore predictive factors with functional decline ( BI≤75 ) from admission to discharge , and 1 - month later . Results Of the 133 patients included , 24 .8% and 19 .6% had a BI≤75 at discharge and at 1 - month , respectively . Compared with men , women had more than double risk for functional decline at discharge and 1 - month ( P< .05 ) . Compared with those without delirium and without cognitive impairment , those with delirium and cognitive impairment had an increased risk for functional decline ( BI≤75 ) at discharge ( OR 5 .15 , 95% CI ; 1 .94 - 13 .67 ) , and at 1 - month ( OR 6 .26 , 95% CI ; 2 .30 - 17 .03 ) . Similarly , those with comorbidity ( ≥2 ) had increased functional decline at discharge ( OR 2 .36 , 95% CI ; 1 .14 - 4 .87 ) , and at 1 - month after discharge ( OR 2 .71 , 95% CI ; 1 .25 - 5 .89 ) . Conclusion Delirium during hospitalisation , together with cognitive impairment on admission , was a strong predictor of functional decline . | cognitive impairment
functional decline
cognitive impairment
functional decline
functional decline
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
functional decline
functional decline
cognitive impairment
functional decline |
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Abstract —Mucopolysaccharidoses ( MPS ) are a group of storage disorders in which the deficiency of a certain lysosomal enzyme causes the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the lysosomes of the cells of several organs , including the skin . Hunter syndrome , or type - II mucopolysaccharidosis , is due to a deficiency of iduronate - 2 - sulfatase , which gives rise to the accumulation of and increase in the urinary excretion of dermatan and heparan sulfates . The manifestations of Hunter syndrome include multiple dysostoses , organomegaly , coarse facies , absence of corneal clouding and mental retardation with progressive neurological deterioration in the severe form . Non - specific cutaneous changes that can be seen in all mucopolysaccharidoses are thickened skin with a loss of elasticity on elbows and knees , rough hair and hypertrichosis . The presence of ivory - colored papules over the scapular region and outer lateral sides of the arms and thighs is typical and almost pathognomonic of Hunter syndrome . We present the case of a boy with the moderate form of Hunter syndrome , who presented with skin lesions typical of this syndrome . | mental retardation with progressive neurological deterioration in the severe form |
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Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of family caregiver's beliefs of health status of neurological patients and its relation with the feeling of burden , as psychosocial factors of risk for their well - being , from the psychological stress model proposed by Lazarus and Folkman . Subjects and methods 128 family caregivers were interviewed ( 35 were attending patients with traumatic brain injury , 38 to patients with multiple sclerosis and 55 patients with dementia ) , selected with not random statistical sampling strategy , of accidental type . Cross - sectional comparative descriptive design was applied . A caregiver socio demographic questionnaire , that includes a question about the beliefs of the patients’ health , and the Caregiver Burden Scale of Zarit and Zarit were used . Results The more negative caregiver's beliefs are , the more intense are their feeling of burden . Multiple sclerosis's caregivers , who evaluate their own health as poor , when compared with other caregivers ; are the ones who experience more intense feelings of burden . They will be most likely vulnerable to stress . Discussion It is important to clarify the role that psychosocial risk factors of the familiar caregiver of neurological patients because it will generate strategies of psychoeducational interventions , parallel to the clinic ones , in order to preserve their security and well - being . And in this way promote a good network of informal care to these patients . | dementia |
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Introduction The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities ( HoNOS - LD ) is a brief instrument that assesses functioning in people with intellectual development disorder and mental health behaviour disorders . The aim of the present study was to examine the evidence on the validity of the scores based on the Spanish version of the HoNOS - LD . Material and methods The study included 111 participants that were assessed by the Spanish version of the HoNOS - LD and other questionnaires that measured different variables related to the scale . Thirty - three participants were assessed by 2 examiners , and retested 7 days later , in order to study inter - examiner reliability and test - retest reliabilities . Results Based on clinical and conceptual criteria , and on the results of the parallel analysis , a factorial solution with one factor was selected . Internal consistency was good ( Omega coefficient of 0 .87 ) . Inter - examiner and test - retest reliabilities were excellent ( intraclass correlation coefficients of 0 .95 and 0 .98 , respectively ) . Correlations between sections of the HoNOS - LD and the related instruments showed the expected direction , and were highly significant ( P< .001 ) , and the HoNOS - LD score increased with the intensity of the support required by the participants . These results showed evidence of the validity of association with other external variables . Conclusions The Spanish version of the HoNOS - LD is a brief , valid and reliable instrument , which will enable a routine assessment of functioning for different uses , including diagnosis and intervention . | intellectual development disorder
mental health
behaviour disorders |
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Abstract Introduction In this study we have analyzed ( i ) the audiometric frequencies more often affected in acoustic neuroma ( AN ) , ( ii ) the percentage of patients presenting normal hearing and those with sudden hearing loss , ( iii ) if there is a correlation between tumor size and hearing loss , and ( iv ) the relationship between clinical and radiological parameters and audiological data . Methods and Material Retrospective study of 81 patients undergoing surgical removal of a sporadic AN . Results The highest threshold in the tumor´s ear was found at 8000 Hz , and the highest interaural difference at 4000 Hz . The percentage of patients presenting normal hearing and sudden hearing loss was 2 .5% and 9% , respectively . No significant association was found between tumor size and hearing loss , preoperative facial palsy or Vth cranial nerve deficit . There was a significant association between the degree of hearing loss and Vth cranial nerve deficit , and between hearing loss and preoperative facial palsy . Conclusions The association between hearing loss and Vth cranial nerve deficit , and between hearing loss and preoperative facial palsy is independent the size of the tumour . | sudden hearing loss
hearing loss
sudden hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss |
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Introduction The stigma associated with mental illness is a health problem , discriminating and limiting the opportunities for sufferers . Social contact with people suffering a mental disorder is a strategy used to produce changes in population stereotypes . The aim of the study was to examine differences in the level of stigma in samples with social contact and the general population . Method The study included two experiments . The first ( n=42 ) included players in an open football league who played in a team with players with schizophrenia . In the second included , a sample without known contact ( n=62 ) and a sample with contact ( n=100 ) were compared . The evaluation tool used was AQ - 27 , Spanish version ( AQ - 27 - E ) . The mean difference between the two samples of each of the 9 subscales was analyzed . Results In the first experiment , all the subscales had lower scores in post - contact than in pre - contact , except for responsibility . The two subscales that showed significant differences were duress ( t=6 .057 , p= .000 ) and Pity ( t=3 .661 , p= .001 ) . In the second experiment , seven subscales showed a significance level ( p=< .05 ) . Segregation and responsibility and did not . Conclusions It is observed that the social contact made in daily situations can have a positive impact on the reduction of stigma . This can help to promote equality of opportunity . | mental illness
mental disorder |
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a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Introduction This study aims to analyse the knowledge of cochlear implant ( CI ) candidacy criteria of otorhinolaryngology specialists in Spain , and from the results , consider whether it is necessary to implement training measures aimed at improving knowledge in this area . Material and methods A questionnaire was designed for measuring the level of knowledge of cochlear implant candidacy criteria ( CI ) in people with hearing loss . The questionnaire collected the demographic data of the respondents and their knowledge on the conventional and emergency indications for CI , technical characteristics of CI and results in the implanted population . Results A total of 222 Spanish specialists in otorhinolaryngology answered the questionnaire ( 10 .29% of the sample surveyed ) . Conclusions The 50% of all respondents showed a medium - high knowledge about CI . Epidemiological data suggest that a high percentage of adults with postlocutive deafness and candidates for a CI are not referred for treatment . The lack of knowledge about the criteria for the indication of CI by otorhinolaryngology specialists may contribute to inadequate guidance of patients who are potential candidates for CI . The greatest shortcomings are found in the most emergency indications for a CI . Among otorhinolaryngology professionals , the greatest knowledge about CI is found in those who work in tertiary hospitals in the areas of otology and otoneurology , either in the public or private sector . This study suggests that training on CI should be increased for otorhinolaryngology professionals , especially for general otorhinolaryngologists . | hearing loss
postlocutive deafness |
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Intralabyrinthine schwannomas are uncommon tumours that arise from neural elements in distal branches of the 8th cranial nerve thus they are confined to or have arisen from the vestibule , the semi - circular canals , or the cochlea . The most common presenting symptom is progressive sensory neural hearing loss with or without tinnitus and vestibular symptoms . The diagnostic procedure of choice is gadolinium - enhanced magnetic resonance imaging . Most of these patients can be managed with observation . The indications for surgery are limited . We present 2 patients with a diagnosis of intralabyrinthine schwannoma . A discussion of the management of the intralabyrinthine schwannoma follows . | progressive sensory neural hearing loss with or without tinnitus and vestibular symptoms |
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Introduction This paper analyses the correlations between scores on scales assessing impairment , psychological distress , disability , and quality of life in patients with peripheral facial palsy ( PFP ) . Material and methods We conducted a retrospective cross - sectional study including 30 patients in whom PFP had not resolved completely . We used tools for assessing impairment ( Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [FGS] ) , psychological distress ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] ) , disability ( Facial Disability Index [FDI] ) , and quality of life ( Facial Clinimetric Evaluation [FaCE] scale ) . Results We found no correlations between FGS and HADS scores , or between FGS and FDI social function scores . However , we did find a correlation between FGS and FDI physical function scores ( r=0 .54 ; P< .01 ) , FDI total score ( r=0 .4 ; P< .05 ) , FaCE total scores ( ρ=0 .66 ; P< .01 ) , and FaCE social function scores ( ρ=0 .5 ; P< .01 ) . We also observed a correlation between HADS Anxiety scores and FDI physical function ( r=–0 .47 ; P< .01 ) , FDI social function ( r=–0 .47 ; P< .01 ) , FDI total ( r=–0 .55 ; P< .01 ) , FaCE total ( ρ=–0 .49 ; P< .01 ) , and FaCE social scores ( ρ=–0 .46 ; P< .05 ) . Significant correlations were also found between HADS Depression scores and FDI physical function ( r=–0 .61 ; P< .01 ) , FDI social function ( r=–0 .53 ; P< .01 ) , FDI total ( r=–0 .66 ; P< .01 ) , FaCE total ( ρ=–0 .67 ; P< .01 ) , and FaCE social scores ( ρ=–0 .68 ; P< .01 ) , between FDI physical function scores and FaCE total scores ( ρ=0 .87 ; P< .01 ) and FaCE social function ( ρ=0 .74 ; P< .01 ) , between FDI social function and FaCE total ( ρ=0 .66 ; P< .01 ) and FaCE social function scores ( ρ=0 .72 ; P< .01 ) , and between FDI total scores and FaCE total ( ρ = 0 , 87 ; P< .01 ) and FaCE social function scores ( ρ=0 .84 ; P< .01 ) . Conclusion In our sample , patients with more severe impairment displayed greater physical and global disability and poorer quality of life without significantly higher levels of social disability and psychological distress . Patients with more disability experienced greater psychological distress and had a poorer quality of life . Lastly , patients with more psychological distress also had a poorer quality of life . | peripheral facial palsy
PFP
PFP
physical and global disability
social disability |
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Abstract:
Objective . To identify predictors of frequent attenders ( HF ) in Primary Health Care ( PHC ) centres in a sample of frequent attenders ( HF ) in Emergency Departments ( ED ) . Design . This was an observational , retrospective , multicentre cohort study . Participants . The HF patients were selected from patients seen in the ED between January 1 and December 31 , 2013 . Setting Patients were recruited from 17 public hospitals of the Community of Madrid , Spain . Method . Variables on the index visit to the ED were collected . The sample was analysed in terms of being or not being an HF user in PHC . An HF user is considered a patient who made at least 10 visits in each level of care for a year . Results . A total of 1284 HF patients were included . An analysis was performed on 423 ( 32 .9% ) HF users in ED with 16 ( 12 - 25 ) visits to PHC vs . 861 ( 67 .1% ) non - HF users in ED , with 4 ( 2 - 6 ) visits to PHC . Independent predictors of HF in PHC : over 65 years ( OR : 1 .51 ; 95% CI : 1 .07 - 2 .13 ; P= .019 ) , cognitive impairment ( OR : 1 .63 ; 95% CI : 1 .01 - 2 .65 ; P= .049 ) , taking >3 drugs ( OR : 1 .56 ; 95% CI : 1 .06 - 2 .30 ; P= .025 ) , and living in the community vs . nursing home or homeless ( OR : 3 .05 ; 95% CI : 1 .14 - 8 .16 ; P= .026 ) . Conclusions . Among HF patients in the ED , the fact that of being over 65 years , taking 3or more drugs , suffering cognitive impairment , and living in the community , are also considered to be predictors of HF in PHC . | cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract:
Abstract Like anyone else , people with Down syndrome can suffer mental health problems that require diagnosis , treatment and prevention . The higher number of depressions seen in recent years is a cause for concern and must be taken on by health professionals and families . Depression is difficult to diagnose in people with Down syndrome as its symptoms can be mistaken with those of other conditions . This paper sets out to define depression , highlight the specific manifestation of symptoms and give guidelines on how it can be diagnosed and treated . Importance is also placed on prevention . | mental health problems |
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Introduction and objective Asthma is a chronic disease requiring inhaled treatment and in addition it is a risk factor ( RF ) of pneumonia . In the oropharyngeal cavity there are numerous species of bacteria that could be dragged to the bronco - alveolar level . Objective to decide whether oral health is a community acquired pneumonia ( CAP ) RF in asthmatic patients who are taking inhaled treatment , and determining whether the frequency of use of inhalation devices and the type of inhaled drug are CAP RF . Patients and method Case - control study in asthmatic population with inhaled treatment . We recruited 126 asthmatic patients diagnosed with pneumonia by clinical and radiological criteria ( cases ) and 252 asthmatics not diagnosed with pneumonia during the last year ( controls ) , matched by age . The main factor of study was the General Oral Health Assessment Index ( GOHAI ) score . Results Bivariated analysis showed a statistically significant association of CAP with a GOHAI score≤57 points ( poor oral health ) ( OR 1 .69 ) , anticholinergic treatment ( OR 2 .41 ) , 6 or more inhalations ( 3 .23 ) , chamber use ( OR 1 .62 ) , FEV1 ( OR 0 .98 ) , altered functionality ( OR 2 .08 ) and psychiatric disorders or depression ( OR 0 .41 ) . The multivariated analysis shows an independent association of performing 6 or more inhalations per day ( OR 2 .74 ) and functional impairment ( OR 1 .67 ) . Conclusions The results suggest that poor oral health may be a CAP RF . | psychiatric disorders
functional impairment |
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Introduction Neurofibromatosis type 1 ( NF1 ) is a common neurocutaneous syndrome often associated with specific cognitive deficits that are rarely monitored during follow - up of these patients . Objective The purpose of our study is two - fold . First , we aimed to describe the cognitive profile of patients with NF1 and detect disorders in higher brain functions associated with the disease . Second , we identified the reasons for consultation associated with school performance in these patients . Methods We conducted a descriptive cross - sectional study of 24 paediatric patients ( ages 5 to 16 ) with NF1 who underwent neuropsychological assessment . Results The most frequent reasons for consultation were attention deficits ( 58 .33% ) , learning disorders ( 25% ) , poor motor coordination ( 25% ) , and language impairment ( 0 .8% ) . Although 96% of the patients displayed impairments in at least one of the assessed areas , only 83 .34% of the parents had reported such impairments . Attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder was present in 58 .33% of the patients , whereas 33 .33% had nonverbal learning disabilities , 20 .83% had expressive language disorder , 8 .33% had borderline intellectual functioning , 4 .16% had mental retardation , and only 4 .16% showed no cognitive impairment . Conclusion Higher brain functions are frequently impaired in paediatric patients with NF1 . Although many parents report such disorders , they can go undetected in some cases . Neuropsychological assessment is recommended for all paediatric patients with NF1 to detect cognitive impairment and provide early , effective rehabilitation treatment . | specific cognitive deficits
disorders in higher brain functions
attention deficits
learning disorders
language impairment
Attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder
nonverbal learning disabilities
expressive language disorder
mental retardation
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract Background Primary empty sella is a herniation of the sellar diaphragm into the pituitary space . It is an incidental finding and patients may manifest neurological , ophthalmological and/or endocrine disorders . Episodes of vertigo , dizziness , and hearing loss , have been reported . Objective To determine the conditional probability , as well as the statistical dependency , through the Bayesian analysis in patients with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders . Patients Individuals who attended the National Rehabilitation Institute from January 2010 to December 2011 , diagnosed with primary empty sella and audiovestibular disorders . Material and methods An analysis was performed on a sample of 18 patients with a diagnosis of primary empty sella confirmed with magnetic resonance studies and who had signs of vertigo , hearing loss and dizziness . Results Of the 18 patients studied , 3 ( 16 .66% ) had primary empty sella as the only clinical evidence . In 9 patients ( 50% ) empty sella was associated with vertigo , and 16 patients ( 88 .88% ) were diagnosed with hearing loss , with sensorineural hearing loss being the most frequent ( 77 .77% ) . The intersection between the proportions of primary empty sella with the presence and type of hearing loss was calculated . Thus for sensorineural hearing loss , the calculated ratio was _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0 .6912 , and for conductive and mixed hearing loss the value of _P_ ( _AB_ ) = 0 .0493 in both cases . Conclusions Bayesian analysis and conditional probability enables the dependence between two or more variables to be calculated . In this study both mathematical models were used to analyse comorbidities and audiovestibular disorders in patients diagnosed with primary empty sella . | hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss
conductive and mixed hearing loss |
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Objective . Thirty percent of the patients for whom code stroke is activated have stroke mimics , the most common being epilepsy . Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of multiparametric CT for differentiating between seizure - related symptoms and vascular events . Material and methods . We conducted a retrospective observational study ; data were gathered prospectively during one year . We studied multiparametric CT images of patients admitted following code stroke activation and finally diagnosed with epilepsy . Results . The study included a total of 11 patients ; 36% were men and mean age was 74 .5 years . Three patients had right hemisphere syndrome , 4 displayed left hemisphere syndrome , and the remaining 4 had isolated aphasia . Maximum time from symptom onset to multiparametric CT study was 8 .16hours . Perfusion CT results were normal in 2 patients . Nine patients showed longer or shorter times to peak ( Tmax ) ; cerebral blood volume ( CBV ) and cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) maps varied . EEG was performed a maximum of 47 .6hours after symptom onset . Four patients showed findings compatible with status epilepticus , 2 displayed focal epileptiform activity , and 5 showed post - ictal slowing ipsilateral to perfusion CT abnormalities . Conclusion . The most sensitive parameter for differentiating between stroke and epilepsy in our series was increased time to peak in multilobar cortical locations in the absence of large - vessel occlusion and basal ganglia involvement . Multiparametric CT is a fast , readily available , and useful tool for the differential diagnosis of acute - onset neurological signs of epileptic origin in patients initially attended after code stroke activation . | isolated aphasia |
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Abstract Fahr disease is a syndrome of unknown etiology , consisting of bilateral idiopathic calcifications of basal ganglia and neuropsychiatric symptoms . We describe the case of a 70 year old man with no psychiatric background , admitted to the hospital due to the presence of depressive symptoms with economic and guilt delusions and suicidal idea . He suffered a depression 3 years ago that completely resolved with mirtazapine , and calcifications of basal ganglia were a casual finding in the CT . In the current hospital admission , the lack of efficacy of antidepressant , antipsychotic and anxiolytic treatment lead to a severe melancholy stupor that indicated electroconvulsive therapy , which controlled both the psychotic and affective symptoms , but a cognitive impairment state was observed once the psychiatric symptoms resolved . | cognitive impairment |
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Abstract Friedreich ataxia ( FA ) is an inherited autosomal recessive disease characterized by a neurological degenerative process of the cerebellum , spinal cord , and peripheral nerves . FA is associated with ataxia , dysarthria , motor and sensory impairment , scoliosis , cardiomyopathy , and diabetes . There is a significant risk of perioperative major complications during the anesthetic management of these patients . We present the case of a fourteen - year - old patient with FA , who had a posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation underwent to total intravenous anesthesia . | Friedreich ataxia
FA
FA
ataxia
dysarthria
motor and sensory impairment
FA |
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Introduction The aim of our study is to describe the types of dementia found in a series of patients and to estimate the level of agreement between the clinical diagnosis and post - mortem diagnosis . Material and Methods We conducted a descriptive analysis of the prevalence of the types of dementia found in our series and we established the level of concordance between the clinical and the post - mortem diagnoses . The diagnosis was made based on current diagnostic criteria . Results 114 cases were included . The most common clinical diagnoses both at a clinical and autopsy level were Alzheimer disease and mixed dementia but the prevalence was quite different . While at a clinical level , prevalence was 39% for Alzheimer disease and 18% for mixed dementia , in the autopsy level , prevalence was 22% and 34% , respectively . The agreement between the clinical and the autopsy diagnoses was 62% ( 95% CI 53 - 72% ) . Conclusions Almost a third of our patients were not correctly diagnosed in vivo . The most common mistake was the underdiagnosis of cerebrovascular pathology . | dementia
dementia
mixed dementia
mixed dementia |
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Abstract Introduction The study of administrative prevalence from cumulative psychiatric case registers allows the mental health state of the studied region and the functioning of its Health Services to be estimated . Methods Data were extracted from the Asturias Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register ( RACPAS ) between January 1st 1998 and December 3rd 2010 . Characteristics of the population of the catchment area were studied , and their relationship with the administrative prevalence was analysed . Results The mean population in the studied period was 1 , 078 , 406 inhabitants . The Fritz index and the Youth and replacement indices of the active population decreased throughout the period . There was no significant increase in the prevalence of organic mental disorders , psychosis , mood disorders , and substance use in males , or behavioural disorders associated with somatic factors and physiological dysfunctions in females . There were significant gender differences in the prevalence of all disorders , except for personality disorders and organic mental disorders . Population ageing had a significant influence on the increase in the prevalence of most mental disorders in both males and females . Conclusions A slight general increase in the administrative prevalence of mental disorders is observed during the studied period , and it was influenced by population ageing . | organic mental disorders
behavioural disorders
personality disorders
organic mental disorders
mental disorders
mental disorders |
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Abstract:
Abstract Cognitive impairment may compromise driving skills and represent a public health risk by increasing traffic accidents . Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia are characterized by cognitive impairment affecting to a greater or lesser degree the instrumental activities of daily living and fitness to drive . The Argentine Neurologic Society Working Group on Behavioural Neurology and Cognitive Neurosciences has prepared this clinical practice guideline to help physicians evaluate patients suspected to present cognitive impairment or dementia and detect and prevent risky behaviors . | Cognitive impairment
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Dementia
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
dementia |
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Abstract Background As there are no biological markers for Autism Spectrum Disorders ( ASD ) , screening must focus on behaviour and the presence of a markedly abnormal development or a deficiency in verbal and non - verbal social interaction and communication . Objective To evaluate the psychometric attributes of a Spanish version of the autism domain of the Autism - Tics , AD/HD and other Comorbidities Inventory ( A - TAC ) scale for ASD screening . Material and methods A total of 140 subjects ( 43% male , 57% female ) aged 6 - 16 , with ASD ( n = 15 ) , Mental Retardation ( n = 40 ) , Psychiatric Illness ( n = 22 ) , Tics ( n = 12 ) and controls ( n = 51 ) , were included for ASD screening . The predictive validity , acceptability , scale assumptions , internal consistency , and precision were analysed . Results The internal consistency was high ( α = 0 .93 ) , and the standard error was adequate ( 1 .13 [95% CI , - 1 .08 a 3 .34] ) . The mean scores of the Autism module were higher in patients diagnosed with ASD and mental disability compared to the rest of the patients ( _P_ < .001 ) . The area under the curve was 0 .96 for the ASD group . Conclusion The autism domain of the A - TAC scale seems to be a reliable , valid and precise tool for ASD screening in the Spanish school population . | Autism Spectrum Disorders
ASD
abnormal development
deficiency in verbal and non - verbal social interaction and communication
ASD
ASD
Mental Retardation
Psychiatric Illness
ASD
ASD
mental disability
ASD
ASD |
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Background and objective Alternating hemiplegia of childhood ( AHC ) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by early onset of recurrent episodes of hemiplegia , tonic or dystonic attacks and abnormal ocular movements with a fatal outcome to severe encephalopathy . Our aim was to describe the clinical manifestations , precipitating factors , complementary studies results , long - term outcome and response to treatment in a series of AHC patients . Patients and method Descriptive , retrospective and multicenter study in 17 Spanish patients aged between 1 - 24 years who fulfilled diagnostic criteria of AHC . Results 12 cases fulfilled criteria of typical AHC and 5 were atypical . Mean age at diagnosis was 26 months . 47% cases had a family history of migraine . Mean age at onset of hemiplegic attacks was 9 .6 months . Symptoms disappeared during sleep and precipitating factors were present in 94% cases . Most patients developed mental retardation with ataxia and dysarthria . Work - up tests ( metabolic , neurophysiologic and radiologic ) were normal or nonspecific . In 3 patients mutations in _CACNA1A , ATP1A2_ were ruled out . Positive responses to flunarizine was observed in 81% . Conclusions The characteristic clinical symptoms are still the clue to make the diagnosis of this mysterious disease , with a lack of genetic , biochemical or radiological specific studies . Early diagnosis avoids invasive tests , repeating procedures , using ineffective and potentially toxic treatments , and allows to start treatment with flunarizine without delay . More genetic studies are needed in broader series of patients . | Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
AHC
hemiplegia
AHC
AHC
typical AHC
mental retardation
ataxia
dysarthria |
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Objective To analyse the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years included in the home care program ( PAD ) . Design Croos - sectional study . Emplacement 3 urban health centers . Participants 218 patients in the PAD . Method Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire ( MNA ) was applied . Sociodemographic , anthropometric , dependency , emotional and cognitive status and analytical parameters : 57 variables were collected . Possible associations were analysed by applying the chi square and variance analysis . The level of significance was considered to be P< .05 was considered . Results The mean age was 83 .9 years ( SD=7 .4 ) ; 34 .9% were institutionalized and 80 .7% were women ; 21 .2% of patients were malnourished and 40 .1% were at risk of it . A significant association was established between poorer nutritional status and older age , lower BMI , greater dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living and greater cognitive impairment . The lowest mean hemoglobin , albumin , and iron levels were also associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition . Conclusions More than half of PAD patients are malnourished or at risk for it , and a high proportion of them some laboratory abnormality susceptible to be corrected . Most cognitive impairment and functional dependence are closely related to malnutrition ; so patients with these characteristics should receive more attention from the nutritional point of view . | dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
functional dependence |
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Abstract Introduction Numerous experimental and clinical studies have suggested a critical or sensitive period in which the auditory pathway develops its greatest potential in terms of plasticity and learning . Early cochlear implantation performed in prelingual deaf children in this period provides a better prognosis for language acquisition . The aim of this study is to show the importance of cochlear implantation before this critical period ends . Methods We conducted an observational , longitudinal , retrospective study of 57 children suffering profound prelingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who had received Advanced Bionics implants at our ENT department between June , 1998 , and November , 2006 . Data on their audiometric thresholds , the disyllabic word test adapted to children , open - set sentences recognition test and the Nottingham scale were analyzed . Results The analysis of audiometric thresholds showed no differences between children receiving the implants at different ages . However , statistically significant differences ( p<0 .05 ) were found in speech tests between groups of children receiving the implants before and after 4 years of age . Conclusions Our results are in line with other publications showing differences in auditory performance when comparing children with early implants versus children receiving the implants at a later age . We found the greatest differences at 4 years of age . Nevertheless , these findings should not exclude children over this age from implantation . | prelingual deaf
profound prelingual bilateral sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the impact that the cochlear implant ( CI ) had in the working life of individuals implanted , using the first version of a questionnaire developed in the cochlear implant program at the University Clinic of Navarre . Its purpose was to demonstrate that the CI significantly affected the working lives of these patients . Material and methods This was a retrospection study on a population of 60 patients ( mean age , 48 years old ) with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss treated with CI and to whom a questionnaire on working life satisfaction was given . Results Of the patients completing the questionnaire , 94 .23% were currently satisfied at work . Almost all of them ( 93 .05% ) were more motivated to go to work after the implantation . The majority ( 79 .31% ) considered themselves more competent after surgery and device activation . Social relations at work were considered to have improved after cochlear implantation by 67 .23% of patients . Conclusions The CI provided positive support in the professional sphere as well as in social abilities by improving communication skills of implanted patients . The development of tools to assess the degree of job satisfaction of patients treated with a CI is of great interest . | bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract Auditory Brainstem Response ( ABR ) of 50 newborn with negative transient evoked acoustic emissions ( OEAT ) was performed . 54% of them had no family history of sensorineural hearing loss ( SHNL ) and no risk factors were found . In 70% of cases ABR recording was negative . Follow up did show that 60% of them had normal recordings of hearing and in a 40% different stages of hearing loss were seen . To establish a definitive diagnosis a 1 to 9 month period is necessary . | sensorineural hearing loss
SHNL
hearing loss |
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Abstract:
Anomalies in WT - 1 ( Wilms’ tumor gene ) , mapped to 11p13 , cause Denys - Drash , Frasier and WAGR syndromes . WAGR syndrome is characterized by Wilms’ tumor ( W ) , aniridia ( A ) , genitourinary anomalies ( G ) and mental retardation ( R ) . In the early human fetus , WT - 1 is expressed in the pleural and abdominal mesothelium , and consequently this gene may play a role in diaphragm development . The first report of an association between WAGR syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia has recently been published . We present another infant with aniridia , left cryptorchidism with testicular dysgenesis , right - sided posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia and moderate psychomotor retardation , in whom genetic study showed a deletion of 11p13 and PAX - 6 , confirming the diagnosis of WAGR syndrome . | mental retardation
moderate psychomotor retardation |
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a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Summary Introduction Congenital myotonic dystrophy is an autosomal dominant inherited generally transmitted multisystemic disease that is generally inherited through the mother . It is characterized by the birth the newborn baby with hypotonia , respiratory and nutritional problems , and facial and general weakness . Objective Descriptive study of our experience in congenital myotonic dystrophy . Patients and methods Twelve patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy , belonging to 9 families in which the mother was a carrier of the disease have been studied . The clinical , electromyographic and genetic characteristics of their families were analyzed . Results Motor retardation as well as the intellectual retardation , dysarthria and nasal voice was clear in all the patients . The affected children had more than 1 , 500 repetitions of the cytosine - thymine - guanine ( CTG ) trinucleotide on chromosome 19 determined by the Southern Blot technique . Myopathic type alterations were found in the electromyographs of all of the subjects . The muscular biopsy done in 8 patients showed atrophy and predominance of type 1 fibers with central nuclei and type 2 fiber hypertrophy . Conclusion Myotonic dystrophy should be suspected in cases of newborn babies with hypotonia , in mothers with a background of abortions or stillborn babies . After surviving the first years of life , their development is similar to the myotonic dystrophy of the adult . It is fundamental to perform a genetic study in those who are affected by or carriers of the disease . | Motor retardation
intellectual retardation
dysarthria |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Background and objective The ESEMeD - Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain . We present 12 month - prevalence and lifetime - prevalence of the main mood , anxiety and alcohol use disorders ; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders . Subjects and method Cross - sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older . Sample size was 5 .473 individuals . The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview ( WMHCIDI ) was used . Response rate was 78 .6% . Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain . Results 19 .5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime ( lifetime - prevalence ) and 8 .4% in the last 12 months ( 12 month - prevalence ) . The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode , with a 12 - month prevalence of 3 .9% and a lifetime - prevalence of 10 .5% . The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia , alcohol abuse disorder , and disthymia . Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female , being separated , divorced or widowed , and being unemployed , on sick leave or incapacitated . Social phobia , agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages , while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life . Conclusions The ESEMeD - Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain . | mental disorders
mental disorder
mental disorder
mental disorder
mental disorders |
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Abstract:
Abstract We describe the case of a patient with severe lactic acidosis , as well as presenting some data on its incidence , diagnosis , prognostic factors , and the most appropriate treatment . A 76 year - old male patient with diabetes on treatment with metformin , hypertension , dyslipaemia , and with mild cognitive impairment , was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in a state of circulatory shock , requiring aggressive treatment with vasopressors and volume . The patient had acute kidney injury with an anuria of 3 days , probably secondary to dehydration to vomiting and to NSAIDs . As a result of the acute renal damage , the patient suffered a severe metformin - associated lactic acidosis . The rest of the causes of metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap were ruled out , as well as a possible sepsis or rhabdomyolysis . Metformin - associated lactic acidosis is an uncommon metabolic condition , but with a high mortality . To reduce the mortality of these patients , it is important to make an early diagnosis using the clinical records , physical examination , and laboratory tests , with an early resuscitation with volume , vasopressors , bicarbonate , and renal replacement therapy . | mild cognitive impairment |
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Abstract:
Abstract We present an 8 years patient old with a giant dilatation of the vestibular aqueduct associated with profound and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss . The patient received a cochlear implant and during the surgery a pulsatile clear fluid via the cochleostomy was observed , without gusher . We present all the problems , and offer some advices for this kind of surgery . | profound and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss |
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Abstract:
Abstract Background and objetive Brain creatine ( Cr ) deficiencies are a group of inborn errors of metabolism that are characterized by an absence or severe reduction of brain Cr . Clinically , these patients can display psychomotor/mental retardation and language disorders , commonly associated with epilepsy or movement disorders . Three metabolic defects are known : two affect synthesis – guanidinoacetate metiltransferase ( GAMT ) and glycine amidinotransferase ( AGAT ) deficiencies– and one affect the Cr transporter ( CRTR ) . We present the first three Spanish patients with GAMT deficiency , and we compare their clinical phenotype and treatment response with other published cases . Patients and method The three patients presented mental retardation , epilepsy and autistic behaviour . Patient 1 also had severe chorea . Diagnosis was done by biochemical and genetic procedures ( guanidinoacetate quantification , determination of GAMT activity and mutation analysis in the GAMT gene ) . Results An increase of guanidinoacetate was detected in urine and plasma . Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed low Cr levels . Enzymatic studies revealed a decreased GAMT activity in fibroblasts . Molecular analysis detected pathogenic mutations in the GAMT gene . After the deficiency was confirmed , the patients started treatment with Cr . In addition , patient 2 and 3 received an arginine - restricted diet and ornithine supplements . All them showed a partial improvement . Conclusions Patients with GAMT deficiency have an unspecific but relatively constant clinical presentation . Brain Cr deficiency should be considered in patients with mental retardation of unknown aetiology , specially in those with movement disorders or epilepsy . Early diagnosis is important in cases with known treatment such as GAMT deficiency . | psychomotor/mental retardation
language disorders
movement disorders
mental retardation
autistic behaviour
mental retardation
movement disorders |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Background and objective Functional assessment is especially relevant in patients with cognitive impairment ( CI ) . The Disability Assessment for Dementia ( DAD ) scale assesses functional ability and its use is becoming increasingly popular . This study aims to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the DAD scale in order to create a Spanish version : DAD - E . Patients and method A double translation/back - translation process was developed , as well as a pilot study with 14 caregivers of patients with CI , and 3 review meetings to achieve general agreement . Results The DAD - E includes the 40 original items . Four response options and 8 scores were added in order to detect functional disability induced by CI independently of other possible causes . More detailed instructions for administration and scoring of the scale have been provided in order to improve the reliability of the content . Conclusions The DAD - E was shown to be a cultural and linguistic adaptation equivalent of the original scale , which allows it to be applied to the Spanish population . It may be a useful instrument in clinical practice since it provides a more accurate assessment of functional disability due to cognitive impairment . | cognitive impairment
CI
CI
functional disability
CI
functional disability
cognitive impairment |
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Abstract:
Abstract Fibromyalgia ( FM ) was accepted as an entity by WHO in 1992 . Diagnostic criteria were stated initially in 1990 and modified recently in 2010 . The clinical feature is characterized by widespread chronic pain in muscles , joints , and in soft tissues and is associated to sleep , attention and mood disorders . Moreover , FM affects functional activities and decrease quality of life and leads to psycho - social conflicts . The course of the disease fluctuates along months to many years . There is a long delay between the onset of the symptoms and its correct diagnosis . FM involves 2 - 4 .7% of the general population with a high prevalence in women . Patients feel pain at lesser stimulation intensity than most healthy subjects . Not specific biological marker has been found to diagnose FM , but through brain Functional Magnetic Resonance , focal hyperactivity has been identified , which correlates with clinical features in FM . Different patophysiological mechanisms have been proposed as genetic predisposition and a failure of the central inhibitory pathway of pain . Several authors have objected to that theory and have postulated psychogenic factors as poor pain adaptation . FM treatment includes pregabalin , duloxetine and milnacipran , combined with educational , psychotherapy and gradual physical exercising . This review presents a critic vision of FM aimed at the practitioner Neurologist who assists daily patients with FM . | sleep , attention and mood disorders |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Summary Mental retardation is one of the greatest social - medical problem which the 20th century faces . Genetic field advances has consented the recognition of some forms of mental retardation wich can be diagnosted nowadays with high reliability . One of these forms is the fragile X syndrome ( SXF ) , discovered in the early 80's and is actually recognized as the most common type of hereditary mental retardation ever known . With heritage link with X cromosome , this symdrome could cause intellectual and cognoscitive deficit with ranges from slight difficulties in learning and an average quatient intellect to great mental retardation and autism behavior . Until now , there is no cure to this symdrome , though many available treatments exist . This is mainly applied through several tharepies , including special education , speech and language therapy , occupational therapy and physiotherapy . Medical intervention is based in the use of stimulating medicine to treat the hyperactivity and lack of capacity of attention on children with SXF . Other medicines can be useful for problems of aggresiveness , anxiety , depression and others . With the purpose of creating and providing educative , therapeutic or good vocational programs , it’s important to consider the global development in each individual . It’s necesary to evaluate the capacities of learning , the specific problems of behavior and medical necessities . This recommendation is valid both in children and adults . | Mental retardation
mental retardation
mental retardation
intellectual and cognoscitive deficit
mental retardation
autism
hyperactivity |
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Abstract Introduction Enlarged vestibular aqueduct ( EVA ) is the commonest congenital anomaly found with imaging techniques in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss ( SNHL ) . Our aim was to describe clinical and audiological findings in paediatric hearing loss associated to EVA . Methods Retrospective review of 55 children with imaging - technique EVA findings from 2000 to 2009 . Subjective and/or objective audiological tests were analysed and audiological findings related to clinical features were described . Results Thirty - seven patients ( 67 .27% ) showed bilateral EVA and 18 ( 32 .72% ) were unilateral . Hearing loss was bilateral in 46 ( 83 .63% ) patients and unilateral in 9 ( 16 .36% ) . Mean age at diagnosis was 3 .78 years . Fifty - three ( 96 .36% ) children showed SNHL ( 28 bilateral and profound ) , while 2 ( 3 .63% ) patients had mixed hearing loss . There were 3 cases of hearing loss progression , 2 fluctuations , 2 of them were asymmetric and 2 patients suffered from vestibular symptoms . Concomitant image findings were 6 cochlear hypoplasia , 2 enlarged internal auditory canals , 1 enlarged vestibule and 1 hypoplastic lateral semicircular canal . Six clinical syndromes were found ( 2 cases of Down's , and 1 each of Jacobsen , Pendred , Waardenburg and branchio - otorenal ) . One child was positive for GJB2 mutation . Familial hearing loss was demonstrated on 12 ( 21 .8% ) cases . Conclusion The clinical picture of hearing loss associated to EVA is characterised by great variability . It should be included in the differential diagnosis of unexplained mixed hearing loss . Familial and syndromic findings have to be taken into consideration in the diagnostic evaluations of such patients . Knowledge about the natural history of this illness is needed so as to give parents prognostic information . | paediatric sensorineural hearing loss
SNHL
paediatric hearing loss
Hearing loss
SNHL
mixed hearing loss
hearing loss progression
Familial hearing loss
hearing loss
unexplained mixed hearing loss |
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Abstract:
In this research , it is presented an intervention program that combines storytelling with morphosyntactic activities to improve grammatical skills in pupils with Specific Language Impairment ( SLI ) . The sample consisted of a total of 34 pupils diagnosed with SLI and 34 children with typical language development . For the selection of the sample , the CELF - 3 test , the Peabody test , the Hearing Association and Visual Association subtests of the ITPA and the K - BIT Intelligence test were used . The intervention program consisted of 216 sessions of 40minutes each , in which oral narrative activities were combined with other activities related to the automation of morphosyntactic skills . Significant gains were also made in the group of children with SLI versus controls in total ungrammaticality , ungrammatical sentences , morphological and syntactical errors . In conclusion , a combined program of both storytelling and morphosyntactic skills improves grammatical achievement in pupils with SLI . | Specific Language Impairment
SLI
SLI
SLI
SLI |
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Abstract:
Objectives To describe the profile of patients evaluated by Nurse Care Management in an Emergency Department and identify the type of alternative healthcare resource assigned and report the results of clinical practice . Material and methods Prospective follow - up , on admission to the Emergency Department in an acute hospital and on discharge from the alternative healthcare resource , of patients assessed by Nurse Care Management , from July to December 2015 . The patient characteristics , social environment and results of clinical practice were studied . Results 190 patients were included of whom 13 were readmitted ( 6 .8% ) . 122 ( 59 .8% ) cases from the Emergency Department were referred to to intermediate care facilities , 71 ( 34 .8% ) cases for domiciliary care , 10 ( 4 .9% ) cases were referred to an acute care hospital and 1 ( 0 .5% ) died . Patients referred to intermediate care were more complex , presented geriatric syndromes as their reason for admission and diagnosed with dementia , while those referred to home care presented more respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses ( p <0 .05 ) . The mean Barthel Index and polypharmacy before emergency admission were higher than at the time of discharge from the alternative healthcare resource ( p <0 .05 ) . Conclusions Patients presenting with advanced age , complexity , comorbidity , are referred to intermediate care facilities or domiciliary care , they are admitted to acute care hospitasl and are readmitted less than other patients . After being discharged from the alternative resource , they lose functional capacity and present less polypharmacy . | dementia |
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Abstract:
Prader - Willi Syndrome ( PWS ) is a genetic disorder with features that change with age . In infancy , PWS is characterized by hypotonia , feeding difficulties , developmental delay , and genital hypoplasia . In adolescence and adulthood , problems are centered on behavioral disorders , absence of satiety , and mild to moderate mental retardation . In the past two decades remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of its clinical manifestations and natural history , and treatments have been developed , such as growth hormone therapy and the use of psychoactive drugs , which can improve quality of life in these patients . However , knowledge about the management of PWS in adulthood is still poor . This article aims to provide an overall view of the most important clinical problems in adults with PWS . The issues included are obesity and its consequences , cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes , respiratory abnormalities , sleep disorders , hypogonadism , osteoporosis , and behavioral and psychiatric disorders . | feeding difficulties
developmental delay
behavioral disorders
mild to moderate mental retardation
sleep disorders
behavioral and psychiatric disorders |
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Abstract:
Introduction Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS ) is a therapeutic reality in post - stroke rehabilitation . It has a neuroprotective effect on the modulation of neuroplasticity , improving the brain's capacity to retrain neural circuits and promoting restoration and acquisition of new compensatory skills . Development We conducted a literature search on PubMed and also gathered the latest books , clinical practice guidelines , and recommendations published by the most prominent scientific societies concerning the therapeutic use of rTMS in the rehabilitation of stroke patients . The criteria of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology ( 2014 ) were followed regarding the inclusion of all evidence and recommendations . Conclusions Identifying stroke patients who are eligible for rTMS is essential to accelerate their recovery . rTMS has proven to be safe and effective for treating stroke complications . Functional brain activity can be optimised by applying excitatory or inhibitory electromagnetic pulses to the hemisphere ipsilateral or contralateral to the lesion , respectively , as well as at the level of the transcallosal pathway to regulate interhemispheric communication . Different studies of rTMS in these patients have resulted in improvements in motor disorders , aphasia , dysarthria , oropharyngeal dysphagia , depression , and perceptual - cognitive deficits . However , further well - designed randomized controlled clinical trials with larger sample size are needed to recommend with a higher level of evidence , proper implementation of rTMS use in stroke subjects on a widespread basis . | motor disorders
aphasia
dysarthria
oropharyngeal dysphagia
perceptual - cognitive deficits |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Objective To determine quality of life ( QoL ) of adult patients with cerebral palsy ( CP ) during the ageing process and to analyze the effect of motor function , communication disorders , and intellectual disability ( ID ) on QoL . Material and method A cross - sectional study on adults with CP was performed . A questionnaire to collect sociodemographic characteristics related to the disability , and two scales to assess the level of motor function Gross Motor Function Classification System ( GMFCS ) and a scale to measure QoL ( GENCAT Scale ) were used . Statistical analysis : T tests were performed to make a comparison with standard scores , and ANOVAS to analyze the incidence of motor function level , ID , and communication disorders . Results Participants were 46 patients ( 27 males , 19 females ; age : M±SD , 50±7 .9 ) . They presented low levels of QoL in interpersonal relations , self - determination , and social inclusion , and rights , and good levels of emotional well - being . No significant effects were found for motor function level , but ID and communication disorders produced significant effects , and interactions with QoL dimensions were also significant . Conclusions QoL of adults with CP is satisfactory in emotional well - being and lower in self - determination and rights . Degree of motor impairment has an impact on material and physical well - being ; degree of ID affects personal development and self - determination ; and communication problems influence diverse dimensions of QoL , although physical well - being to a lesser degree . | cerebral palsy
CP
communication disorders
intellectual disability
ID
CP
ID
communication disorders
ID
communication disorders
CP
motor impairment
ID
communication problems |
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Abstract:
Objectives To describe the implementation of a program for the early detection of deafness in newborn infants in a private hospital . Materials and methods Between August 1 , 1994 and July 31 , 1999 , 1 , 750 neonates from the nursery and neonatology unit of our hospital were studied using evoked acoustic emissions ( EAE ) . Screening was performed after the first 24 hours of life and after parent consent had been obtained . Results The coverage ( number of neonates screened using otoa - coustic emissions compared with the total number of live births ) increased from 6% in 1994 to 37 .5% in 1999 . Six mild - moderate neurosensory hypoacusis were detected ; overall results were 4 % hypoacusis and 2 .3 % bilateral hy - poacusis . Conclusions This study demonstrates that hardness of hearing can be detected at birth by means of EAE . Because of lack of awareness in the general population , universal screening is difficult . Consequently , governments and medical organizations should legislate for such screening programs and should make the general population aware of them . | deafness
mild - moderate neurosensory hypoacusis
hypoacusis
bilateral hy - poacusis
hardness of hearing |
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction The autism spectrum disorders are group of conditions characterised by qualitative impairments in social communication ; in the interaction and imagination ; with a restricted range of interests and stereotyped repetitive behaviours . Frequently , there is a delay in the age of detection , and therefore in starting multidisciplinary evaluations and interventions , which may result in a worst prognosis and an impaired quality of life for both children and parents . The aim of our study was to describe some clinical and epidemiological data including the age of detection and main initial complaints present in children with autism disorders from a paediatric neurology centre . Patients and methods A total of 393 medical records of consecutive cases with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders were reviewed . Results Autism was diagnosed in 82 .1% of the cases , unspecified pervasive disorder in 9 .9% , and Asperger syndrome in 4 .8% . Sixty percent of autistic children presented with a language disorder as their main complaint . The average age of detection was 4 years . Conclusions Compared with other countries , age of detection is delayed . A Primary Care based screening and surveillance are required in order to improve prognosis and quality of life of children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder . | autism spectrum disorders
qualitative impairments in social communication
autism disorders
autism spectrum disorders
Autism
autistic
language disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder |
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Abstract:
Abstract Objective To determine the characteristics of elderly persons hospitalized for congestive heart failure and identify the factors associated with functional impairment or death at discharge and 3 months later . Material and methods We performed a prospective observational study that included 162 patients admitted to an Acute Geriatric Care Unit with a diagnosis of heart failure from February to July 2007 . Socio - demographic , clinical , functional and cognitive factors were recorded during admission . Functional and vital measurements were reported at discharge and 3 months later . Results The incidence of mortality or functional decline was 48 .8% at discharge and was 37 .3% 3 months later . In the final model , predictors of functional impairment or mortality at discharge were days of hospital stay and a worse Pfeiffer test score ( odds ratio [OR] : 1 .74 ; 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1 .33–2 .29 ) . Three months after discharge , independent prognostic factors were age ( OR : 1 .09 ; 95% CI : 1 .02–1 .17 ) , hyponatremia ( OR : 0 .85 ; 95% CI : 0 .77–0 .94 ) , length of QRS in milliseconds ( OR : 0 .98 ; 95% CI : 0 .97–0 .99 ) , absence of ventricular hypertrophy ( OR : 0 .42 ; 95% CI : 0 .19–0 .94 ) , and a poor result in the Pfeiffer Test ( OR : 1 .40 ; 95% CI : 1 .13–1 .73 ) . Conclusions Cognitive evaluation during hospital admission for heart failure in the elderly helps to select individuals at risk of functional impairment or death at discharge and 3 months later . | functional impairment
functional decline
functional impairment
functional impairment |
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Abstract:
Introduction Alzheimer disease ( AD ) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive dementia associated with global cognitive dysfunction . Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta - analysis of clinical trials evaluating omega - 3 supplementation in patients with AD . Objective To determine if there is scientific evidence of the effectiveness of omega - 3 supplementation in improving cognitive function in patients with AD . Search strategy We included only randomised controlled trials ( RCTs ) from the following databases : Medline , Cochrane Central , Cinahl , and LILACS . An electronic search was also conducted using Google Scholar . Study selection Six articles met the eligibility criteria . The risk of bias was assessed following the Cochrane method . Conclusion There is no consistent evidence to support the effectiveness of omega - 3 supplementation in improving cognitive function in AD patients in the short and medium term . | progressive dementia
global cognitive dysfunction |
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Abstract:
Abstract We report two cases of sudden deafness which appeared during vaso - occlusive crisis of a sickle cell anaemia ( homozygous form of disease ) and a sickle cell trait ( heterozygous form ) in two males aged sixteen and twenty - two , respectively . A high erythrocyte aggregability and low deformability were proved in both young men . Although hearing disorders have been reported in this disease , a sudden onset is not common . The treatment used was useful in the removal of painful crisis and infections , but deafness did not improve in either of then . | sudden deafness
hearing disorders
deafness |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Background and objectives To determine the use of oral anticoagulants in polypathological patients with atrial fibrillation and its influence on mortality and loss of functionality . Patients and methods Patients with polypathological patient criteria and atrial fibrillation were included in an observational , prospective and multicenter study . Data on demographic , clinical , functional and sociofamilial characteristics , CHADS2 score , levels of hemoglobin , albumin and creatinine , use of oral anticoagulants and survival and functional status at one year were collected . Results Five hundred and thirty - two ( 32 .6% ) of 1 , 632 polypathological patients had atrial fibrillation . The stroke risk was high in 505 ( 94 .9% ) , moderate in 24 ( 4 .5% ) and low in 3 ( 0 .6% ) patients . Oral anticoagulants were used in 61% of patients with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and in 37 .5% with CHADS2 score = 1 \ . Oral anticoagulants were less used in older patients , with more functional and cognitive impairment . Heart failure was associated with more use of oral anticoagulants . There was no difference by the presence of hypertension , diabetes , anemia , renal insufficiency or stroke . In multivariate analysis the use of oral anticoagulants was independently associated with lower age , lower cognitive impairment , absence of hepatic disease and with higher stroke risk . The prescription of oral anticoagulants was independently associated with more survival at one year with no influence on functional status . Conclusions Oral anticoagulants are underused in polypathological patients with atrial fibrillation despite being associated with more survival . | loss of functionality
functional and cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Background and objective Chronic back pain ( CBP ) and chronic neck pain ( CNP ) are highly prevalent among the adult population . However , less is known about its comorbidity with other diseases and its impact on global functioning . The objectives of following study , that is part of the ESEMeD - Spain study , are to estimate CBP - CNP prevalence among Spanish population , its comorbidity with other physical and mental conditions , and its impact on global functioning . Subjects and method Cross - sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older . Sample size was 5 , 473 individuals . CBP - CNP and comorbid conditions were ascertained by self - report . Mental disorders were ascertained with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and global functioning with the WHO Dissability Assessment Schedule . Response rate was 78 .6% . Results The one year prevalence of chronic CBP - CNP was 14 .7% . A 65 .7% of people with CBP - CNP reported at least one other comorbid condition , including other chronic pain conditions ( 49 .4% ) , chronic physical conditions ( 40 .7% ) , any mood disorders ( 7 .9% ) , panic disorder ( 1 .3% ) , posttraumatic stress disorder ( 1 .5% ) or generalized anxiety disorder ( 1 .4% ) . Additionally , CBP - CNP negatively affected global functioning . However , comorbid conditions explained about one - third of the association between CBP - CNP and global functioning . Conclusions CBP - CNP is highly prevalent and comorbid with other physical and mental conditions . Comorbidity negatively affects individuals global functioning . | Mental disorders |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction The Fototest is a brief cognitive test suitable for illiterate persons , and valid and accurate for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia . Our aim was to conclude the development of this instrument carrying out a normative and reliability study . Method The normative study was performed on a convenience sample of 223 healthy volunteers aged between 20 and 85 years . The test - retest reliability was assessed through a repeated - measures cross - sectional design on a sample of 50 subjects with no cognitive impairment ; the inter - rater reliability was determined by the blind assessment of 10 test applications performed by 30 independent observers ; in both instances , reliability was expressed as intra - class correlation coefficient . Internal consistency was analysed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient . Results The results on the Fototest are normally distributed and are not influenced by gender or educational level but they do vary with age . The test - retest reliability of the Fototest was 0 .89 ( 95% CI : 0 .81 - 0 .93 ) ; the inter - rater reliability , 0 .98 ( 95% CI : 0 .96 - 0 .99 ) ; and the internal consistency , 0 .94 . Conclusions The Fototest is free from educational influence and shows appropriate test - retest and inter - rater reliabilities , as well as a high internal consistency . Therefore , it is a suitable psychometric instrument to be used in the follow - up of patients with cognitive impairment or dementia , especially in contexts where evaluators are not the same on different occasions , or with patients of low educational level . | cognitive impairment
dementia
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
dementia |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Objective . To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali . Material and methods . A descriptive , cross - sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness , through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO - DAS 2 .0 questionnaire . Results . It was established that 68 .6% of the participating population presented some level of overload . The caregiver profile corresponds to women , over the age of 55 , who belonged to the subsidized health system ; earning a low income , and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day . The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care , appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver , for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness . | mental illness
mental illness
mental illness |
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Abstract:
Abstract 3q29 microduplication ( MIM 611936 ) is rare syndrome characterized by moderate mental retardation , craniofacial dysmorphic features and musculoskeletal anomalies . The size of the minimal critical region is about 1 .73 Mb . It is flanked by repetitive sequences and it is similar in size to the reciprocal 3q29 microdeletion , suggesting a non - allelic homologous recombination event ( NAHR ) at flanking LCR sequences as its aetiological mechanism . We describe a new familial case with variable expressivity . | moderate mental retardation |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease ( CJD ) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder presenting with rapidly progressive memory impairment , behavioral changes , lack of coordination and/or visual disturbances . This condition is part of a group of diseases known as spongiform encephalopathies or prionic diseases , which are caused by accumulation of a pathological prion protein ( PrP ) in the central nervous system , and may occur in sporadic , hereditary or acquired form . Symptoms usually begin around 60 - 70 years old and , as the disease advances , progressive neuronal damage due to PrP deposits leads to a more pronounced mental deterioration , appearance of movement disorders , blindness and coma , reaching a high mortality rate ( 90% ) within first year . We present a case of a 65 year - old woman who came to the emergency room complaining of progressive language disturbance and abnormal posture of her right arm that had begun one month earlier . After detailed clinical and neuropsychological examinations CJD was suspected and complementary examinations such as EEG , brain MRI and lumbar puncture were performed . The patient showed rapid and global cognitive deterioration , leading to her death two months after admission . A subsequent pathological study confirmed the diagnosis of CJD . It is important to know the disease in order to provide adequate nursing care . The rapid progression of the disease and the level of dependence make it necessary to continually reappraise these patients . | rapidly progressive memory impairment
visual disturbances
mental deterioration
movement disorders
blindness
progressive language disturbance
rapid and global cognitive deterioration |
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Abstract:
Abstract Objectives To analize the results of patients with cohlear implants in postlingual adults with progressive hearing loss and to analize various predictive factors . Material and methods Prospective study of 42 patients with profound and progressive hearing loss . We analized the outcomes in the first two years of follow - up . We examined the results in regards to the of age at time of implantation , other handicaps , cause of hearing loss , age of onset , cochlear ossification and actives electrodes . We use the logo - auditory protocol developed at the University Spanish of navarra . Results All tests presented a significative improvement in the first six months ( p<0 .01 Student t or Wilcoxon test ) . After six months the results were not statistically significant . The more important predictive factors were percentage of life with hearing loss , percentage of life with profound hearing loss , cochlear ossification and actives electrodes thus the significancy was more relevant at a follow - up period of 3 months ( p<0 .05 Student t or Mann - Withney test ) . Conclusions These patients showed clear benefits in a short period of time and the patients with unfavourable circumstances had a more slow progression but a similar final outcome | progressive hearing loss
profound and progressive hearing loss
hearing loss
hearing loss
profound hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objective . Analyze the mortality of the Gandhi functional zone ( GFZ ) to identify Public Health problems that can be improved from Primary Health Care . Methods . Descriptive study of mortality during the year 1998 in a functional zone of the Health Care Area 4 in the Madrid Community ( MC ) with a total population of 35 , 636 persons . The mortality rates have been standardized by the indirect method for large groups according to the ICD - 9 and according to specific causes , taking the MC population of the year 1998 as reference . Results . Globally , the GFZ presents the same mortality rate adjusted by age as the MC ; however , by large groups of causes , in the GFZ , there is an overmortality in tumors ( 11% ) , digestive tract diseases ( 24% ) , mental disorders ( 15% ) endocrine - immunological diseases ( 27% ) and infectious diseases ( 60% ) . In men , mortality due to COLD and lung cancer is 53% and 36% greater in the GFZ than in the MC , respectively . In women , mortality due to diabetes is 62% greater than in the MC and due to dementia 30% greater . Conclusions . The analysis of mortality in small population nuclei may contribute to detecting health problems that require the action of the Primary Health Care professionals . For the GFZ , control of smoking in males may be the main factor to keep in mind to decrease mortality . | mental disorders
dementia |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Objective to verify if cognitive impairment can affect the total score obtained on the Freezing of Gait score ( FOG - score ) test in patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD ) . Material and method A sectional , correlational non - exploratory study was carried out on thirty - four subjects , with mild to moderate PD disease . The participants carried out the FOG - score test and cognitive evaluation : the Mini - Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) , the Frontal Assessment Battery ( FAB ) and the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation ( FOME ) . Motor function was assessed by the motor subscale of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale ( UPDRS ) ( part III ) . Results there was a significant negative correlation between the FOG - score test and global cognition ( MMSE ) ( r = .68 ; p < .001 ) , memory - related parameters ( FOME ) ( r = .64 ; _P_ < .001 ) and executive functions ( FAB ) ( r = .57 ; _P_ < .001 ) . The motor scores held lower relation with FOG parameters ( r = .35 ; _P_ > .005 ) . Conclusions the results of this study suggest that cognitive impairment can strongly affect task performance of the FOG - score test . This suggests the need to adjust the cut - off point when assessing PD patients suffering from cognitive dysfunction . This could prevent the examiner from overestimating the existence and recurrence of freezing episodes in this population . | cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
cognitive dysfunction |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Stroke in young individuals has multiple etiologies , including cardioembolism . It may be associated with cardiac malformations , such as patent foramen ovale ( PFO ) , interatrial septum aneurysm ( IASA ) , or atrial septal defects ( ASD ) . We present the case of a patient with stroke associated to multi - fenestrated IASA . Female patient , 28 years old , contraceptive use . She presented with mixed aphasia , hemianopsia and right hemiparesis . CT scan showed insular and left basal ganglia hypoattenuation . She received intravenous thrombolysis . MRI : left middle cerebral artery infarction . Echocardiogram showed interatrial communication due to IASA and multi - fenestrated ASD . Cardioembolic stroke was suspected ( association with cardiac pathology and contraceptive use ) . She was placed in anticoagulation . 30% of strokes in young adults are cardioembolic strokes . Large PFO , multi - fenestrated IASA , or its association , may increase the risk of paradoxical embolization and have a relationship with stroke . The management is controversial–the choice is between anticoagulation or closure for complex defects . | mixed aphasia
right hemiparesis |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Aim To analyse the differences between men and women as regards the prevalence of the frailty syndrome , its association with different sociodemographic and bio - psychosocial health factors , and its impact on the level of dependence of institutionalised elderly men and women with no severe cognitive decline . Methods A cross - sectional , descriptive and multicenter study was conducted in 16 nursing homes in Cuenca ( Spain ) . A representative sample of 281 elderly who fulfilled the inclusion criteria was randomly selected . Measures : frailty following Fried's criteria , age , gender , morbidity , geriatric syndromes , level of dependence , cognitive status , mood and quality of life . Results The overall prevalence of frailty was 53 .7% ( 60% among women ) . The following criteria were associated with frailty : age , respiratory diseases , arthritis , diabetes , sensory deficits , urinary and faecal incontinences , polypharmacy , hospitalization in the past year , functional impairment , cognitive decline and depressive symptoms . The states of frailty were independently associated with dependence ( OR=5 .1 ) , more strongly in men ( OR=7 .3 ) than in women ( OR=3 .6 ) . Clinical criteria of frailty that best predicted dependence were : exhaustion in women ( OR=4 .7 ) and low physical activity in men ( OR=12 .3 ) . Conclusions The prevalence of frailty found among the institutionalised elderly population was greater than that expected for a general population . Older frail adults had poorer biological and psychosocial health results , suggesting that the physical decline is accompanied by an identity crisis . Frailty expresses differently in men and women . Women have a higher prevalence , but its impact on their dependence is less than men . | severe cognitive decline
functional impairment
cognitive decline |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract Introduction The Model of Person Centered Care has attracted increasing interest for use in gerontology centers . Therefore , the contributions about its impact are scarce in our context . The objective of this paper is to establish the impact that the interventions associated with the Model of Person Centered Care in the «Etxean Ondo» Project have on the quality of life of residents with cognitive impairment . Material and methods One hundred and ninetten residents with cognitive impairment were selected : 59 in the control group and 60 in the experimental group . Subjects in each group were sorted by cognitive impairment : mild or severe . Changes were implemented in the physical and organizational environments for the promotion of autonomy and wellbeing . Quality of life was assessed before and 6 months after intervention using the Fumat Scales ( mild cognitive impairment ) and Qualid ( severe cognitive impairment ) . The t - Student test was used for comparison of means . Results In intergroup comparisons , significant differences in the Fumat Scale for the control group with mild cognitive impairment were initially identified . These differences were not recorded in the post assessment . The experimental group with severe cognitive impairment was significantly improved in the Qualid Scale post assessment . In intragroup comparisons , significant improvements were evident in the quality of life of experimental subjects , both with severe cognitive impairment ( Qualid ) and mild ( Fumat ) . Conclusions The findings support the effectiveness of the interventions and identify methodological and conceptual issues that have been considered to analyze the Model of Person Centered Care efects . | cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
cognitive impairment
mild cognitive impairment
severe cognitive impairment
mild cognitive impairment
severe cognitive impairment
severe cognitive impairment |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Summary Neuromuscular Diseases constituted an heterogeneous group of disorders that can include motor neuron alterations , peripheral nerves , neuromuscular transmission and pathologies that affect the muscle itself . Its progression varies considerably , presenting as various deficits that can vary from muscle weakness , sensory loss , pain , fatigue and autonomic dysfunction . All of this can combine and result in musculoskeletal injury , causing limitations in daily living activities and restrictions in participation . It is for this reason that in recent decades integrated rehabilitation programs have been created , conform by a multidisciplinary team , working in a coordinated manner , encompassing all factors that produce and increase disability , achieving the monitoring , prevention and the treatment of complications that can arise during the evolution of this group of diseases , with the goal of achieving the greater integration that their disease stage allows . | sensory loss
autonomic dysfunction |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract We report on nine cases with jugular dehiscence in middle ear diagnosticated and followed up in our clinic from 1987 to 2000 . Diagnosis was made , in some cases , when carrying out an otoscopy and others by clinical sintomatology , otomicroscopically imaging , audiometry , ct - scan and mri . All patients were affected of hearing loss . Some of them also suffered pulsatile tinnitus and even vertigo . The follow up of all patients has been stable and devoid of bleeding complications | hearing loss |
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Abstract:
Abstract We show two atypical Cogan’s syndrome cases in forty - seven and fifty - six years old individuals . Characteristical symptoms of the syndrome were detected in both ( interstitial keratitis , sensorineural deafness and vestibular dysfunction ) , but they could be considered as unusual because of the association of sistematic symptoms and an onset with hearing loss . In both cases there was an increase in erythrosedimentation rate and immunoglobulins leveles , as well as high titles for rheumatoid factor and non - specific autoantibodies . By means of a Western - blot technique , several choclear antibodies with distinct molecular weight were detected , but the 68 KD appeared in both . Metil - prednisolone treatmen did not avoid ocular and auditive reactivation in ne of the patients . | sensorineural deafness
hearing loss |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine wheter preschool children with moderate Specific Language Impairment ( SLI ) exhibit impaired phonological representations in a task of serial recall of groups of nonsense and familiar words . Results support explanations of SLI that attribute the disorder to problems in working memory particularly impairments in phonological representations . Specifically , children with SLI performed more poorly than children without SLI when processing of nonsense words and familiar words in initial position . No such differences were observed between the groups when the task involved processing nonsense and familiar words in final position . The above findings suggest that children with SLI devote more cognitive resources to the processing of items in final position because of capacity limitations in phonological working memory . Theoretical and practical implications are discussed | moderate Specific Language Impairment
SLI
SLI
problems in working memory
SLI
SLI
SLI
capacity limitations in phonological working memory |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
Objective To obtain a clinical and socio - demographic profile of a group of elders of the community who participated in Memory Maintenance and Conservation activities . Materials and methods A series of 21 elders in whom cognoscitive status was determined applying the NEUROPSI Test and the presence of somatic symptoms , anxiety , social dysfunction and depression using the General Health Questionnaire ( GHQ - 28 ) . Life satisfaction was assessed with the Satisfaction with Life Scale . Results Twenty - one elders , average age 73 .5 years ( SD : 7 .3 years ) , range : 57 - 82 , 90 .5% female ; 71 .4% reported no current marital relationship , in 66 .5% educational level ranged from 1 to 5 years , 42 .9% assiduously attended the activities during the last 6 years , 76 .2% had no cognoscitive impairment , 90 .5% no somatic symptoms , 90 .5% no anxiety , 95 .2% no social dysfunction , 95 .2% no depression and 76 .1% reported being satisfied with their life . Conclusions Absence of cognoscitive deterioration is similar to that within the general population . Participants did not report depression , anxiety or somatic complaints , showed good social functioning and integration level and were satisfied with their life . Despite the limitations associated with small sample size , the results encourage us to continue this work and to engage in more rigorous research . | social dysfunction
cognoscitive impairment
social dysfunction
cognoscitive deterioration |
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A disability is defined as:
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Abstract:
We report the case of a 58 - year old male patient who in the last month had two drop attacks with strength loss in both upper and lower left limbs ; the patient had dysarthria and the clinical picture resolved spontaneously . He was diagnosed ot transient ischemic attacks ( TIA ) . He had no cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure was normal . After a specific neurological investigation and study of the possible etiology or risk factors no evidence was observed . A 24 - hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed and the white coat normotension phenomenon was observed as the likely risk factor for the attack . The prevalence , diagnosis , reproducibility , association with other variables and its clinical significance are analyzed . | dysarthria |
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A disability is defined as:
a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities.
Abstract:
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of the main geriatric syndromes among people aged more than 70 years . To identify positive aspects of the aging process and to relate them to autonomy and self - perceived health . Method Observational , descriptive , cross - sectional study . Subjects . People aged 70 years old or older attending the Gavarra Health Center ( Cornellà de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain ) or visited at home at least once a last year . Sample size : 315 people , identified by systematic , randomized , stratified sampling . Measurements : Geriatric syndromes : Urinary incontinence , polypharmacy , insomnia , cognitive impairment , mobility , and sensorial and emotional problems . Instrumental and basic activities of daily living . Self - perceived health . Positive aspects of the ageing process : decision - making , previous satisfaction with life , feeling of usefulness , projects , and hobbies . Information was gathered using the OMI - AP® program from June 2001 to December 2002 . Results Of 315 individuals who were initially contacted , 283 ( 89% ) were studied . The main geriatric syndromes identified were : urinary incontinence ( 115 ; 41% ) , polypharmacy ( 109 ; 38% ) , and loss of vision ( 94 ; 33% ) . The most important positive aspects of aging were : projects ( 266 ; 94% ) , decision - making ( 241 ; 85% ) and feeling useful ( 232 ; 82% ) . Self - perceived health was good in 164 individuals ( 58% ) and poor in 82 ( 29% ) . Conclusions The prevalence of geriatric syndromes , mainly urinary incontinence , was high . Factors associated with both instrumental and basic autonomy were the feeling of being useful , the ability to make decisions , and having projects and hobbies . Having good self - perceived health involves other factors , which require further study . | cognitive impairment
mobility , and sensorial and emotional problems
loss of vision |
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