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+THE 
+
+
+PANTHEON. 
+
+
+? 
+
+
+Reprefenting the 
+
+F abulous Hist orie s 
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+HEATHEN 
+
+
+GODS 
+
+
+AND 
+
+
+# 
+
+Moft Illuftrious FI e r o e s : 
+
+
+J-N 
+
+
+A Short, Plain, and Familiar Method, 
+
+by Way of Dialogue. 
+
+\ • 
+
+Reviled, Corrected, A mendedj and llluftrated 
+V with new Copper Cuts of the feveral Deities. 
+
+
+For the Ufe of Schools. 
+
+
+By 
+
+
+N 
+
+
+TOO ICE, 
+
+
+M 
+
+
+late Profeilorof Geometry in Grejbam College, and 
+Matter of the Charter-House-School'. 
+
+
+Printed 
+
+B. 
+
+
+LONDON: 
+
+for C. Bathurst, J. F. and C. Rivington, 
+Law, G. Keith, G. Robinson, 
+
+and R. Baldwin, 
+
+MDCCLXXXL 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1'he Parts of tl ■:, Work.' 
+
+T H E Approach of the Pantheon 
+
+PART I. 
+
+Of the Celeflial or Heavenly Gods 
+The Celeftial Goddefles «■ ■ 
+
+PAR T II, 
+
+4 
+
+Of the Terreflrial or Earthly Gods 
+
+The Terreflrial Goddefles - 
+
+The Goddefles of the Woods •*— 
+
+The Nymphs - _ 
+
+The Inferior Deities 
+
+
+Page i 
+
+
+ib 
+
+86 
+
+
+*37 
+
+167 
+
+209 
+
+i 2 
+
+
+PART III. 
+
+% 
+
+Of the Marine Gods, or Gods of the Sea 
+The Monflers of the Sea 
+
+
+PART IV, 
+
+
+Of the Infernal Deities 
+The Fates 
+The Furies 
+The Judges of Hell 
+
+
+
+
+The molt famous of the 
+The Monflers of Hell 
+The Elyjian Fields 
+
+
+Condemn’d in Hell 
+
+
+
+
+239 
+
+
+243 
+
+257 
+
+*59 
+
+262 
+
+263 
+
+zyz 
+
+2 75 
+
+
+i # 
+
+
+P A R T V. . 
+
+Of the Subordinate and Mifcellaneous Deities 
+
+• • 
+
+PART VI, 
+
+Of the Adfcriptitibus Gods, Demi-Gods, atid Heroes 
+An Ai^endix of the Virtues and Vices which have 
+deify 9 d 
+
+
+z 77 
+
+
+294 
+
+been 
+
+341 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+TO 
+
+
+
+
+t 
+
+♦ 
+
+
+
+T O T H £ 
+
+* 
+
+* 
+
+» • / 
+
+READER. 
+
+% 
+
+confefs'd , i/W already many Books pub- 
+
+UJbed on the prefent Subject, two or three of which 
+ere in our own Tongue ; and thofe, without doubts willy 
+by Jo?He Men, be thought enough : But fince this can be the 
+Opinion but of a few, and thofe unexperienced People, it 
+has been judg’d 7nor? proper to regard the Advice of many 
+grave Perforis of known Skill in the Art of Teaching; 
+who, though they tmt/l acknowledge that Goodwin, in his 
+Antiquities, has done very well in the Whole , yet car?t 
+but own that he has been too Jhort in this Point ; That 
+Rofle alfo, tho* he deferves Commendation for his Mytho- 
+■'logy, is yet very tedious, and as much too large ; and that 
+Galtruchius, as D’Afligny has traiijlatcd and diJPd him 
+out to us, is fo confufed and arilefs in his Method, as well 
+as unfortunate in his Corrections, that it in no wife an - 
+fwers the Purpofe it was defign d for \ and hereupon this 
+Work was recommended to be tranjlated, being firjl well 
+Approved by learned Gentlemen, as is above-mentioned, for 
+its eafy Method, and agreeable Plainncfs. BeJides, it 
+having been written by fo learned a P erf on, and that for 
+the TJfe^ offo great a Prince, and fo universally received in 
+our neighbour Nations > as to have fold fevcral Imprejftons 
+in a Jhort Time, there was no room to doubt of its in sing well 
+receiv’d here . As for the Shiotatioris out of the Latin Poets, 
+it was conftder’d a while, whether they Jlmdd be tranjlated 
+or not, but it was, at lajl,judg’d proper to print the?n in 
+.Englifh, cither from thofe who already render’d than well, 
+or, where they could not be had , to give a new Tran (la- 
+
+A 2 fan 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+' .To the Reader. 
+
+ZtlfTp i] l at f° 1 nothin S. of the -whole Work might he 
+
+ttf r7Tl beE A ds “fthfPzges^Seaions, or Chap! 
+Connexion dj/lurb'd, and thereby a ConfuffE 
+
+created in the Vnderflandings of fome of thofeyounger Soho 
+hors, into whsfe Rands it was hut bv fur/, I f Ml r 
+
+Verfe^ Mixture of Engli/h and, Latin, of Pjofe and 
+
+r tfliTfW, ** c r dt ” °" d 
+
+f!%€ eS j haV l jT amoved , : and fuch perplex'd. Periods 
+rectified a s had'been-found either to caufe Mi funderfland- 
+
+jfctf h. ^ thor \ 'Mflning,' or to lead. thf Scholar into' 
+
+? 'Whj* **df#nficam Ind£' inflead f a • ffft' 
+faZlJuMhe ffr * h l S In * r ‘lH, whereby any Thing v 
+
+Maflers who-have made ife hereof in their Schoolsl ■ 
+
+
+• » 
+
+
+
+
+Charter-fjoufe, 
+
+June 30^713. 
+
+
+r • 
+
+
+• * < 
+
+
+« 4 
+
+
+J • * * i 
+
+
+AN DR JEW To OK’E, 
+
+^ » 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+C H A P. I. 
+
+• t # t % 
+
+The Approach to the Pahtheoh. The Original of 
+
+Idol A try. 
+
+
+PAL/EOPHILTJS. 
+
+
+
+HAT Sort of-Building is that before 
+.us, of fo unufual, a Figure ? For, t 
+think it is round, unlefs the Diftance 
+deceives my Sight. 
+
+• Myjlagogus. You ate not deceived* 
+It is a Place well defcrving to he vifued 
+in this, the §)iicen of Cities. Let us go and view it, 
+before we go to any other Place. 
+
+P, What is,its Name? 
+
+M. The Fabulous Pantheon, * That is, the Temple of 
+the Heathen Gods^ which the fuperflitious Folly of all 
+Men hath feigned,- cither through a grofs Ignorance 
+of the true and only God, or through a deteftable 
+Contempt of him. ‘ . 
+
+P . What was the Occafiop of the feigning of many 
+Gods? 
+
+
+
+B M\ Many 
+
+* *\ 
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+• ' . ♦ 
+
+M. Many Caufes thereof may be afiigned, but a thefe 
+four were the principal ones, upon which, as upon fo 
+many PiJIarsj the whole Frame of the Fabrick depends. 
+
+I. The firji Caufe of Idolatry wen the extreme Folly b 
+and Vain-glory of Men , who have denied to Him , who 
+is the inexhaufted Fountain of all jGood, the Honours, 
+which they have attributed to muddy Streams: Digg- 
+ingy c as the holy Prophet complains, to themfelves 
+broken and dirty CifternSy and neglecting and forfaking 
+the mojl pure Fountain of living Waters* It ordinarily 
+happened after this Manner: d if any one did excel" 
+in Stature of Body; if he was endued with Great- 
+nefs of Mind ; or noted for Clearnefs of e Wit, he fir ft 
+gained to himfelf the Admiration of the ignorant Vul¬ 
+gar, which.Admiration was by Degrees turned into a 
+profound Refpeil; till at length they paid him greater 
+Honour than Men;ought to receive, and aferibed the 
+Man into ,the Number of the Gods ; whiift the more 
+Prudent were, either carried away, by the.Torrent .of 
+the vulgar Opinion, or were unable, or at leaft afraid,, 
+to refift it. 
+
+2. Fhe fordid Flattery of Subjects towards their Princes 
+was a fecond Caufe of Idolatry . For, to gratify their Va- 
+nity, to flatter their Pride, and to footh them in their 
+Self-conceit, they ere&ed Altars, and fet the Images 
+of their Princes on them ; to which they offered In- 
+cenfe, in like Manner as to their Gods ; f and ma¬ 
+ny Times alfo, while they were yet living. 
+
+3. A third Caufe of Idolatry was an 8 immoderate 
+Love of Immortality in jnany^ who ftudied to attain to. 
+it, by leaving Effigies of themfelves behind them ; 
+
+
+a ‘Vid. Eufeb. La&ant. Clem. Auguft. Plat. Cic. b Sap. 
+xiv. 14. c Jerem. ii. 13. d Diodor. lib. 17. Plutarch, in 
+Lyfand. c Val. Max. 1 . 8. c. ult. Cic. de. rep. apud. Aug. 
+3. de civ. cap. 15. f A then, lib, 6. dcipnofoph. cap. 6. 
+de Demctrio Poliorcete. Sucton, in Julio, c. 76. Sc 84. 
+s Pontan. 1 , 1. c, dc Saturn, 
+
+ima- 
+
+♦ 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 
+
+imagining that their Names would ftill be preferved 
+from the Power of Death and Time, fo long as they 
+lived in Brafs, or, as it were, breathed in living Sta¬ 
+tues of Marble* after their Funerals. 
+
+4. h A prepojlerous Defire of perpetuating the Memo¬ 
+ries of excellent and ufeful Me?i to future Ages, was the 
+fourth Caufe of Idolatry . i For, to make the Memory 
+of fuch Men eternal, and their Names immortal, 
+they made them Gods, or rather called them fo. 
+
+P. But, who was the firfl Contriver and Affertor 
+ofFalfeGods? 
+
+At. k Ninus , the firft King of the AJfyrians , was, as 
+it is reported j who, to render the Name of his Fa¬ 
+ther Belus , or Nimrod , immortal, worfhipped him 
+with Divine Honour after his Death. 
+
+P. When, and in what Manner,* do they fay that 
+happened ? 
+
+At. I will tell you. After that Ninus had conquered 
+many Nations far and near, and built the City, called, 
+after his Name, Nineveh 5 in a public Aflembly of the 
+Babylonians , he extolled his Father Belus , the Founder 
+of the City and Empire of Babylon , beyond all Meafure, 
+as his Manner was; and reprefenting him, not only wor¬ 
+thy 6f perpetual Honour among all Pofterity, but of an 
+Immortality alfo among the Gods above : Then he ex¬ 
+hibited a Statue of him, that was curioufly and neatly 
+made, to which he commanded them to pay the fame 
+Reverence that they would have given to Belus alive ; 
+and, appointing it to be a common Sanfluary to the 
+miferable, he ordained. That if at any Time an Offender 
+fhould fly to this Statue, it fhould not be lawful to 
+force him away from thence to Punifhmcnt. This . 
+Privilege eafily procured fo great a Veneration to the 
+dead Prince, that he was thought more than a Man, 
+
+% 
+
+h Thucydid. I. 7. Plutarch. Apophth. Lacon. 4. Cic. x• 
+de nat. Dcor. 1. Sap. 14, 15. 1 Vid. Annul. Salian. anno 
+2000, k Hier. in Ezcciu & in Ofeam. 
+
+JB 2 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+
+Sp Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+and therefore was created a God, and called Jupiter % 
+or, as others write, Saturn of Babylon ; where a moft 
+magnificent Temple was eredfed to him by his Son, 
+and dedicated with Variety of Sacrifices in the two 
+t.houfandth Year of the Woild, which was the laft 
+Year but one of the Life of Noah . And from thence* 
+as from a Peftilential Head, the Sacrilegious Plague of 
+Idols palled, by a Kind of Contagion, into other Na¬ 
+tions, and difperfed itfelf every where about. 
+
+P, What! Did all other Nations of the World 
+worfhip BelusP 
+
+M. All, indeed, did not Worfhip Belus ; but, after 
+this Beginning of Idolatry, feveral Nations formed to 
+themfelves feveral Gods; receiving into that Number 
+not only mortal and dead Men, but Brutes alfo ; and, 
+which is a greater Wonder, even the moft: mean and 
+pitiful inanimate Things. For, it is evident, from the 
+Authority of innumerable Writers, that the Africans 
+worfhipped the Heavens, as a God ; the Perfians adored 
+Fire, Water, and the Winds; the Lybians , the Sun and 
+Moon; the Thebans, Sheep'and Weefels: the Babylo- 
+Hans of Memphis , a Whale; the Inhabitants of Men des 9 
+a Goat; the Thejfalians , Storks ; the Syrophcenicians y 
+Doves ; the Egyptians , Dogs, Cats, Crocodiles, and 
+Hawks; nay, Leeks, Onions, and Garlick. Which 
+moft fenfelefs Folly 1 Juvenal wittily expofes. 
+
+. P. But certainly the ancient Inhabitants and moft 
+wife Citizens of Rome did not fo fottiflily receive thofe 
+Images of Vain Gods, as thofe Barbarous Nations did, 
+to whom they were fuperior, not in Arms only and 
+Humanity, but in Wit and Judgment. 
+
+1 O fan SI as gentes quibus hate stafeuntur in bortis Nu - 
+mina. 
+
+Religious Nations fure, and biefs’d Abodes, 
+
+Where ev’ry Orchard is o’er-run with Gods. 
+
+Juv t Lib, v. Ver. 591. 
+
+M. Yota 
+
+♦ f 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. § 
+
+Ad. You are miftaken. Sir; for they exceeded even 
+thofe Barbarians in this Sort of Folly, 
+
+P. Say you fo f 
+
+Ad. Indeed. For they reckoned among their Gods? 
+and adored not only Beads and Things void of all 
+Senfe ; but,' which is far greater Madnefs, they wor- 
+fhipped alfo Murderers, Adulterers, Thieves, Drunk¬ 
+ards, FLobbers, and fuch-like Pe/)s of Mankind. 
+
+P. How many, and what Kind of Gods did the 
+Romans worfhip ? 
+
+Ad . It is fcarce poflible to recount them : When, 
+befides thetr own Country Gods and Family Gods, 
+all drange Gods, that came to the City, were made 
+free of it. Whence it came to pafs, in Time, thaf, 
+when they faw their Preempts too narrow to contain 
+fo many, Neceflity forced them to fend their Gods into 
+Colonies , as they did their Men. But thefe Things, 
+which I curforily tell you, you will fee more conve¬ 
+niently and pleafantly by and by, with your own 
+Eyes, when you come into this Pantheon with me | 
+where we are now at the Door, Let us enter. 
+
+
+CHAP. ir. 
+
+The Entrance into the Pantheon. A Dijlri - 
+
+hut ion of the Gods into fever a l C] a lies. 
+
+P, O O D God ! What a Crowd of dead Deities 
+VJT is here, if all thefe are Deities, whofe Fi¬ 
+gures I fee painted and defcribed upon the Walls ! 
+
+Ad. This is the fmallcft Part of them. For the 
+very Walls of the City, although it be fo large, much 
+lefs the Wails of this Temple, cannot contain even 
+their Titles. 
+
+P . Were all thefe Gods of the fame Order and 
+Dignity ? 
+
+Ad By no means. But as the Roman People were 
+
+B 3 dif- 
+
+
+6 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+* 
+
+diftributed into three Ranks ; namely, of z Senators or 
+Noble men , Knights or Gentlemen , Plebeians or Citizens ; 
+as aifo into b Noble , New~raiJ'ed , Ignoble; (of which 
+
+the New-raifed were thofe, who did not receive their 
+Nobility from their Anceftors, but obtained it them- 
+feJves by their own Virtue;) fo the Roman Gods were 
+divided, as it were, into three CIoffes . 
+
+The firjl Clafs is of c Superior Gods ; for the Peo¬ 
+ple paid to them a higher Degree of Worfhip, becaufe 
+they imagined that thefe Gods were more eminently 
+employed in the Government of this World. Thefe 
+were called alfo d SeleSl ; becaufe they had always had 
+the Title of Celejlial Gods , and were famous and 
+eminent above others, of extraordinary Authority and 
+Renown. Twelve of thefe were (tiled c Confenies ; 
+becaufe, in Affairs of great Importance, 'Jupiter ad¬ 
+mitted them into his Council. The Images of thefe 
+were fixed in the Forum at Rome: Six of them were 
+Males, and fix Females ; commonly, without other 
+Additions, called the. Twelve Gods; and whofe 
+Name Ennius comprifes in f a Diftich. 
+
+Thefe Twelve Gods were believed to prefide over the 
+Tzvelve Months ; to each of them was allotted a Month ; 
+January to Juno , February to Neptune , March to Mi¬ 
+nerva * April to Venus, May to Apollo , June to Mercury, 
+
+
+'• a Patricii, Equites, & Plebeii. b Nobiles, Novi, Sc Ig- 
+nobiles. Crc. pro Murom. c Dii Maj of urn Gentium. d Se- 
+Jefti. c Confentcs, quad Confentientes. Se/icc. 1 . 2. Qua^ft. 
+Nat. Lucian, dial, de Dcorum concil. Plaut. in Epidico. 
+
+f Juno , Vcffla , Minerva , Ceres , Diana , Venus, Mars, 
+filer cur ins, Ne.pt units , Jupiter , Vide anus, Apollo . 
+
+Dempi'ler, Paralip. ad c. 3. 
+
+Tn poficnore hoc verfu alii legunt Jovis* non Jupiter ; Sc 
+melius mco judicio: olim cnim Jovis in nominativo dice- 
+batur, clis;), xnctri gratia, ultima lilcra, Rofin. Andq. 
+Ub. 2. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. y 
+
+July to Jupiter , Augufi to Ceres , September to Vulcan , 
+October, to Mars, November to Diana, December to 
+Vejla, s They likewife prefided over the twelve Ce- 
+leftial Signs, And if to thefe twelve Dii Confentcs you 
+add the eight following, Ja?ius , Saturnus , Genius , Sol, 
+Pluto , Bacchus , Tellies, and Luna, you will have twen¬ 
+ty, that is, all the Gods. 
+
+The Clafs contains the Gods of lower Rank 
+
+and Dignity, who were {filed Dii Minorum Gentium ; 
+becaufe they (hine with a lefs Degree of Glory, and 
+have been placed among the Gods, as h Tully fays, by 
+,their own Merits . Whence they are called alfo 1 Ad-. - 
+feriptitii Minufcularii, k Putatitii and 1 Indigetes j be¬ 
+caufe now they wanted nothing y or becaufe, being 
+tranflated from this Earth into Heaven, they converfed 
+with the Gods ; or being fixed, as it were, to certain 
+Places, committed peculiarly to their Care, they dwelt 
+in them, to perform the Duty entrufted to them m . 
+Thus Mneas was made a God by his Mother Venus , in 
+the Manner deferibed by Ovid n . 
+
+The Gods of the third and lower Clafs are fome- 
+
+
+
+. • * 
+
+S Mamlii AJlron. 1 , 2, h Be Nature! Dcorum, 1.2. 1 Var, 
+ftp ud Augufi . k Lucian . dial, dc Dcor. cone . 1 Indigetes quod 
+millius rei indigerent, quod in Diis aoerent, vel quod in iic 
+(fc . locis) degerent. Serai. in 12. JEn. m Liv. 1 . 1. 
+n Lujlrattim genitrix diajino corpus odore , 
+
+Unxit, & Ambrofia cum dulci Nett are mixta 
+Contigit os, fecitquc Dcum, quern turba Quirini 
+Nu/tcupat Indigetcm, temploque , arifque rcccpit. 
+
+His Mother then his Body purify’d, 
+
+Anoints with facrcd Odours, ana his Lips 
+In Nettar mingled with Ambrofia dips ; 
+
+So deify’d ; which Indigos Rome calls. 
+
+Honour’d with Altars, Shrines, and Feftivals, 
+
+Met am. L 14. 
+
+B 4 times 
+
+
+8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+♦ 
+
+times called ° Mi nut i , Vefci , and Mifcellanei , but more 
+tifually p Se/noms 7 wbofe Merits were not fufficient to 
+gain them a Place among the Celejlial Gods ; yet their 
+Virttjes were fuch, that the People thought them fu- 
+perior to mortal Men. They were called ^ Patellarii 
+from certain fmall r Difhes, in which the Ancients 
+offered to the Gods their Sacrifices, of which s Ovid 
+
+makes mention,. 
+
+» _ ~~ 
+
+To thefe we ought to adjoin the Gods called * No- 
+V£nftles>. which the Sabines brought to Rome by the Com¬ 
+mand of King Tatins ; and which were fo named, ag 
+fome fay, becaufe they u were lateft of all reckoned 
+among the Gods; or becaufe they were w Prefidents 
+over the Changes, by which the Things of this World 
+fubfift. Circius believes them to have been th zjlrange 
+Gods of conquered Nations ; whereof the Numbers were 
+fo vaft, that it was thought fit to call them, all in ge r 
+neral, x Novenftles , left they fliould forget any of them. 
+And laftly, to thfs Clafs alfo muft we refer thofe Gods 
+and Goddefles, by whofe Help and Means, as >' TuUy 
+fays, Men are advanced to Heaven, and obtain a Placfc 
+among the Gods ; of which Sort are the principal Virr 
+tues, as we (hall particularly fhewin its proper Place,, 
+
+
+° Horat. 1 , 3. carm. p. Semones vulgo dicebantur quafi 
+Semi-homines, antiqui enim bominem dicebant bemonem . Ap, 
+Outlier. 1 . r. cap. 4. de jur. Man: Lipf 1 . 2. ant. left 2, 
+*8. '» Plautus in Ciftel. r Fulgent. Placid! ad Chalcid. 
+
+0 Fert tniffbs Kef at pur a patella cibos. Ovid. Fall, 1 , 6, 
+
+To Kef a 's Deity, with humble Mefs, 
+
+In cleanly Difli ferv’d up, they now addrefs, 
+
+* Liv. 1 . 8. Varro de Lingua Lat. w Quod novifiimi 
+omnium inter Deos numerati fmt. w Novitatum prxfides, 
+quod omnia novitate conftcnt aut redintegrentuK A pud 
+Gyraid. Sy nt, i. x Arnob, 3. adv. Gentes. y De Nat, 
+peof. 1. 2, 
+
+
+C H A P. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. p 
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+4 
+
+A View'of the Pantheon. A more commodious 
+
+. Divijioti of the Gods . 
+
+jP. T Caft my Eyes very curioufly every where about 
+JL me, and yet I do not fee the three Clajfes of the 
+Gods, which you have juft now defcr.ibed. 
+
+J 14 \ Becaufe there is made here another and more 
+convenient Divifion of them; which we will follow 
+alfo, if you pleafe, in our Difcourfe. 
+
+jP. How can I deny myfelf that moft ufeful Pleafure, 
+which I fhall reap from your Converfation ? 
+
+M. You fee that the three Clafles,. which I mention¬ 
+ed to you, are here divided into fix, and painted upon 4 
+the fevcral Parts of the Pantheon , r. Ypu fee the Ce - 
+lejiial Gods and Goddefles upon an Arch. 2. The Ter- 
+• rejlrial , upon the Wall on the Right-hand. 3. The Ma¬ 
+rine and River Gods upon the Wall of the Left. 4. The 
+Infernal on the lower Apartment by the Pavement. 
+
+5. The Minnti , or Semones , an A Mifcellanei before you. 
+
+6. The Adfcriptitii and Indigetes behind you. Our Dif¬ 
+courfe fhall like wife confift of fix Parts ; in each of 
+which I {hall lay before you whatfoever'I haye found 
+moft remarkable amongft the beft Authors upon this 
+Subject, if fo be you can bear with my Talkativenefs. 
+
+P. Sir, you jeft when you call it Talkativenefs. Can 
+ajiy Difcourfe be more pleafant to me ? 
+
+M. Then, fince it pleafes you, let us fit down toge¬ 
+ther a while : And, fince the Place is free from all 
+(Company, we will take a deliberate View of the 
+whole Army of Gods, and infpc£l; them one after ano¬ 
+ther 5 beginning, as it fit, with the Celcjlial, and fo 
+witlV Jove, according to the Dire&ion of the Poet. 
+
+a fjb Jove principium Mufti' ; Jovis omnia plena . 
+
+From the great Father of the Gods above 
+My Mufe begins j for all is full 0 f Jove. 
+
+Virp . Edotr, 1 m 
+
+C H A 1 \ 
+
+
+
+IO 
+
+
+Of the. Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+C H A P. IV. 
+
+
+4 4 
+
+
+♦ * 
+
+
+
+Of the Celeftial Gods. Jupite r. His Image . 
+
+Jldl. r g "'HE Gods,. commonly called the Celeftial , are 
+
+thefe that follow : Jupiter; flpoilo , Mars 9 
+Mercury^ and Bacchus . The Celeftial Goddeff’es are Jwio y 
+Vefea , Minerva or Pallas , Venus > Luna and Be Ilona, 
+'W’e will begin with Jupiter , the King of them all. , 
+T. Where is Jupiter ?f ' : 
+
+Look up to the Arch. You may, eafily know 
+him by his Habit. He'is a the Father and King of 
+n Gods and'Men; whom you fee : fitting in a'Throne of 
+Ivory and Gold, under a rich Canopy, with a Beard, 
+holding Thunder in his Right-hand, which he bran- 
+difiies agaihft the Gian ts- at his Feet, whom he for¬ 
+merly conquered. His Sceptre, they fay, is made of 
+Cyprefs, which is a Symbol of the Eternity of his Em¬ 
+pire, becaufe that Wood is free from Corruption 
+On his Sceptre fits an Eagle , either becaufe he was 
+brought up by it c ; or heretofore an Eagle , refting up¬ 
+on his Head, portended his Reign; or becaufe, in hte 
+^Wars with the Giants d , an Eagle brought him his 
+Thunder, and thence received the Title of JupiteVs 
+Armour-bearer . c He wears Golden Shoes, and an em¬ 
+broidered Cloak, adorned with various 1 FloWcrs and 
+Figures of Animals; which Dionyfeus the Tyrant, as 
+it is faid,took fronrhim in Sicily 9 and, giving *him a 
+Woollen Cloak inftead of it, faid, f That that would 
+be more convenient for him in all Scafons , fence it was 
+warmer in the Winter , and much lighter in the Sum- 
+
+Yet let it not feem a Wonder to you, if by 
+
+
+frier. 
+
+
+, 
+
+;l Divfim pater atque hominum rex. Vir. ^En. j. Pau- 
+fan. in Eliac. Lucian, de facrif. b Apud Lacrt. 1 . 8. c Mrc- 
+ro ap. Nat. Coin. a Scrv. in-din. i. c Jovis Armigcr, 
+Vir. .din. 5. f Cicero dc Nat. Deor, 1 . 3. 
+
+
+Chance 
+
+
+
+fY<t/t' //. 
+
+
+\ltfC A'\ 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 11 
+
+Chance you fhould fee him in another Place, in another 
+Drefs : For, he is wont.to be decked in feveral Fafhi- 
+ons, according * to the various Names he afi'umes, and 
+according to the Dive'rfity of the People, amongft 
+whom he is worfhipped. P.nticuiai ly you will fmile 
+when you fee him amongft the “ Lacedemonians without 
+Ears; whereas the Cretans ate fo liberal to him in this 
+Particular, that they give him four. So much for the 
+Figure of Jupiter. For, if it were my Defign to fpeak 
+of his Statue , I fhoulci repeat here what ' Verrius fays, 
+that bis Face upon Holy-Days ought to be painted with Ver¬ 
+milion ; as the Statues of the reft of the Gods alfo ufed 
+to be fmeared with Ointments, and adorned with Gar¬ 
+lands, according 1 to an Observation of ' Plautus . 
+
+P. Was the Power of darting Thunder and Light¬ 
+ning in the Hands of Jupiter only ? 
+
+M . The learned “ Hetmirians teach us, that this 
+Power was committed to nine Gods ; but to which of 
+them.it does not plainly appear. Some, befides Jupi- 
+ter , mention Pule an and Minerva , where the Phrafe, 
+Minervales ttianubits, fignifies Thunder 5 (as the Books 
+of thofe ancient Hetrufci called Strokes of Thunder 
+Manubias) becaufe the noxious Conftellation of Mi¬ 
+nerva is the Caufe of Tempefts in the Vernal Equinox . 
+1 Others fay, that Thunder was alfo attibuted to Juno y 
+to Mars , and to the South Wind \ and they rekon up fe¬ 
+veral Kinds of Thunders; Fuhnina m Peremptalta , Pefli - 
+fera, Popularia , Perverfa , licnovativa , OJientatoria , Cla- 
+ra, Fa milt art a 9 Brut a , Conftliaria : But the Romans 
+commonly took notice of no more than two ; n the 
+Diurnal Thunder, which they attributed to Jupiter \ 
+and the 0 Nofiurnal^ which they attributed to Summamts} 
+or Pluto . Now let us go on to Jupiter 9 s Birth. ' 
+
+£ Plut. do Ofir. & Hid. h Ap. Guthcr. dejur. Man. Plin. 
+
+1 , 33. cap. 7. 1 lii Afmar. k Plin. 1 . 2. c. 5 1. Scrv. j. & 
+
+2. A£n. 1 Scrv. 8. Ain. ,n Plin. 1 . 2. c. 43. 51, 52. Amin. 
+Marcel. 1 . n K.cpkvvoGo'Ticc vvy.reQMy-9 kiqclvvo( 36 m<% t>cccm 
+
+9 Ex Guther, dejur. Man. lib. 1. c. 3. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+2 z Of the Gods of the Heathens r« 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+
+Jup ite R 5 i Defcent and Education. 
+
+P, T 1 THO were Jupiter's Parents ? 
+
+V V One Anfwer will not fully fatlsfy this 
+
+one Queftion, fince there is not one Jupiter , but ma¬ 
+ny, who are fprung from different Families. a Thofe 
+who were Jkilled in the Heathen Theology , reckon up three 
+Jupiters ; of which the firjl andfecond were born in Ar¬ 
+cadia. The Father of the one was AEther; from whom 
+Proferpine and Liber are faid to be born . The Father of 
+the other zvas Coe]us; he is faid to have begot Minerva. 
+The third was ^ Cretan, the Son Saturn, whofc Tomb is 
+yet extant in the IJle of Crete. b But Varro reckoned up 
+three hundred Jupiters: c and others reckon almoft an 
+innumerable Company of them ; for, there was hardly 
+any Nation which did not worlhip a Jupiter of their 
+own, and fuppofe him to be born amongft themfelves. 
+But of all thefe the moft famous Jupiter , according to 
+the general Opinion, is He, whofe Mother was Ops , 
+and whofe Father was Saturn ; to whom therefore all, 
+that the Poets fabuloufly writ about the other Jupiters , 
+Is ufually afcribed. 
+
+P. Where and by whom was this Jupiter edu¬ 
+cated ? 
+
+JIT. He was educated where he was born, that is, 
+upon the Mountain Ida in Crete ; but by whom, the 
+Variety of Opinions is wonderful. d For fome aiKrm, 
+that he was educated by the Curctes and Coryhantes ; 
+fomc fay by the Nymphs; and fome, by A malt ha a, the 
+Daughter of Meltjfus , King of Crete . Others, on the 
+contrary, have recorded, that the Bees fed him with 
+Honey. Others, that a Goat gave him Milk. Not a 
+
+
+* Tully de Nat. Deor. I. 3. 
+
+b Apud Augufl. clc Civit. c Eufeb, Caff. 1 . 2. prajp. 
+
+JBvanjj. d Vid. Nat. Com. in Jove. 
+
+few 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* i j 
+
+few fay that he was nourifhed by Doves; fome* by 
+an Eagle 5 many by a Bear. And further it is the 
+Opinion of fome, concerning the aforefaid Amaltheea* 
+that fhe was not the Daughter of Melijfus , as we now 
+mentioned ; but the very Goat which fuckled Jupiter 9 
+whofe f Horn, it is faid, he gave afterwards tohisNur- 
+fes, with this admirable Privilege, that whofoever pof- 
+felled it, Ihould immediately obtain every Thing that 
+he defired. They add befides, that, after this Goat was 
+dead, Jupiter took her Skin, and made a Shield of it* 
+with which he lingly combated the Giants; whence 
+that Shield was called JEgis from a Greek Word 
+which fignifies a Sbe-Goat , which at laft he reftored to 
+Life again, and, giving her a new Skin, placed her 
+among!! the Celeftial Conflellatiorrs. 
+
+
+f Cornu Aijialthajte. £ Atto u\yU. 
+
+
+SECT. nr. 
+
+
+Jupite r’s Exploits. 
+
+
+P. T'XTHEN Jupiter was grown a Man, What 
+VV did he perform worthy of Memory? 
+
+. JM. He overcame in War the Giants and the ‘Titans , 
+(of whom we {hall fay more when we fpeak of Saturn ;) 
+and alfo delivered his Father Saturn from Imprisonment; 
+but afterwards depofed him from the Throne, and ba~ 
+niflied him, becaufe he formed a Confpiracy again ft 
+him ; and then divided the paternal Inheritance with 
+his two Brothers, Neptune and Pluto: as more largely 
+will be (hewn in its proper Place, when we fpeak of each 
+of them apart. In fine, he fo affifted and obliged all 
+Mankind by the great Favours that he did, that lie not 
+only thence obtained the Name of 11 Jupiter, but he was 
+advanced alfo unto divine Honours, and was efteemed 
+
+
+
+
+
+h J lt P' 1icr > quafi juvans Pater. Cic, 2. de Nat, Boor. 
+
+the 
+
+* 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+i 4 Of the Gods of the Heathen's. 
+
+the common Father both of Gods and Aden. Among#: 
+fome of his moft illuftrious Actions, we ought to re¬ 
+member the Story oi Lycaon. For, when Jupiter had 
+heard a Report concerning the Wickednefs and great 
+Impiety of Men, it is faid that he defcended from 
+Heaven to the Earth, to know the real Truth of it, 
+and, that being come into the Houfe of Lycaon^ King 
+of Arcadia, where he declared himfelf to be a God, 
+whilft others were preparing Sacrifices for him, Lycao 7 t 
+derided him ; nor did he (lop here ; he added an 
+abominable Wickednefs to his Contempt, and, being 
+defirous to try whether Jupiter was a God, as he pre¬ 
+tended, he kills one of his domeftick Servants, and 
+roafls and boils the Flefh of him, and fets it on the 
+Table as a Banquet for Jupiter ; who, abhorring the 
+Wretch’s Barbarity, a fired the Palace with Lightning, . 
+and turned Lycaon into a W^olf. 
+
+P . Are there no Exploits of his ? 
+
+M. Yes, indeed ; b but they are very lewd and di£* 
+honourable : I am alinofl afhamed to mention them. 
+For, was there any Kind of Lewdnefs of which he 
+was not guilty ! or any Mark of Infamy that is not 
+branded upon his Name? I will only mention a few 
+Adlions of this Sort among many. 
+
+1. In the Shape of a Crow c he ruined his Sifter 
+Juno , who was born at the fame Birth with him, de¬ 
+luding her with Promifes of Marriage: And how 
+many Women does that Pretence delude even now ? 
+
+2. He violated the Chaftity of Danae-y the Daughter 
+of A'crijiusy King of th z Argivesy though her Father had 
+£hut her up in a Tower; becaufe the Oracle had fore¬ 
+told, that he fliould be flain by his Grandfon : For, 
+changing himfelf into a d Shower of Gold , he ftid down 
+through the Roofs and Tiles of the Place into the Lady’s 
+Lap. And, indeed, What Place is there fo fortified and 
+
+11 Ovid. Met. 1 . i b Apollon. 4. Argon. c Doroth. 
+z % Metani.. 11 Ovid. 4. Met, 
+
+
+guarded. 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen 's. ig 
+
+guarded, into which Love cannot find Paflage ? Is 
+there any Heart fo very hard and ftubborn, that Money 
+cannot foften it ! What Way is not fafe, what PafTage- 
+is not open, what Undertaking is impofiible a to aGod, 
+who turns himfelf into Money to make a Purchafe ? 
+
+3. He corrupted b Leda , the Wife of Tyndarus y King 
+of Laconia^ in the Similitude of a Swan: Thus a fair 
+Out-fide oft-times veils the fouleft Temper., and is a 
+beautiful Cover to a moft deformed Mind. 
+
+4. He abufed c Antiope^ the Wife of Lycus> King of 
+Thebes y in the ; Likenefs of a.Satyr. 
+
+5. He defiled d Alcmena , the Wife of Amphytriony in 
+her Hufband’s Abfence, in the Likenefs of Arnphytrion 
+himfelf. 
+
+6. He inflamed 6 JEgina\ theDaughter of JEfopbuSy 
+
+King of Bceoticiy with Love,fin the Similitude of Fire* 
+(a lively Reprefentation of his Crime) and robbed her 
+of her Chaftity. ; ' { . 
+
+7. He deflowered f Clytorisy a Virgin of TheJJaliay a 
+great Beauty, by turning himfelf!into. What ? O ri¬ 
+diculous ! into an Ant. And-many Times, indeed, it 
+happens, that great Mifchiefs arife from very fmall 
+Beginnings. 
+
+. 8. He debauched s Califioy the Daughter of Lycaon , 
+King of Arcadia^ counterfeiting, which is very ftrangc* 
+the Modefty and Countenance of Diana . And yet he 
+did not protect her from the Difgrace that afterwards 
+followed. For, as £he began .to grow big, and waflied 
+herfelf in the Fountain, with: Diaiia, and the other 
+Nymphs, her Fault was-difeovered, and herfclffhame- 
+fully turned .away by Diana firft, then changed by Juno 
+intb a Bear.- But, Why do I fay fhnmefully ? when her 
+Difgrace was taken away by Jupiter , who advanced 
+
+
+a Conv&fo in pretium Deo. Herat. 3 carm. h A rat. in 
+Phzenom. c Ovid. 6. Mctani, <l Idem ibid. 0 Idem ibid. 
+f Arnob, ap. Gyr. c Bocat, lib. 5. clc Gen. Dcorum, 
+cap. 49. .... 
+
+this- 
+
+
+
+
+
+1 6 Of ihe Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+♦ 
+
+this Bear into Heaven* arid made it a Conftellafiori $ 
+which by the Latins is called TJrfa Major * and by the 
+Greeks * He lice* 
+
+9. He fent an a Eagle to fnatch away the pretty Boy 
+Ganymede , the Son of Tros 9 as he hunted upon the 
+Mountain Ida. Or rather he himfelf* being changed 
+into an Eagle , took him into his Claws, and carried, him 
+up to Heaven.- He offered the fame Violence to AJleria , 
+the Daughter of Casus , a young Lady of the greateft 
+Modefty, to whom b he appeared in the Shape of an 
+Eagle , and when he. had ravifhed her* he carried her 
+away in his Talons. 
+
+10. He undid' c Europa , the Daughter of j 4 genor+ 
+King of Phoenicia * in the Form of a beautiful, white 
+Bully and carried her into Crete with him. Sde how 
+many feveral Beafts Man refembles, who has once put 
+off his Modefty! Arid by how many various Fables 
+this one Truth is represented* that the very Gods by 
+Pra&ice of impure Luff: become Brutes. The Bull , in 
+Reality, was the Ship upon which a Bully/as painted, 
+in which Europa was carried away. In like Manner 
+the Horfe PegafuSy that was painted upon Be ller oph on* s 
+Ship* and the Ram , which was painted on that of 
+Phryxus and He Iky created ample Matter of Fiction for 
+the Poets. But to return to our Fable, dgenor imme¬ 
+diately ordered d his Son Cadmus to travel, and fearch- 
+every where for his Sifter Europay which he did* but 
+could no where find her. ■ Cadmus dared not to re¬ 
+turn without her* becaufe* c by a Sentence not lefs 
+unjuft to him, than kind to his.Sifter* his. Father had. 
+banifhed him for ever, unlefs he found her. Where¬ 
+fore he built the City of ThebeSy not far . from-the 
+
+_ # _ _ * 
+
+a Virg. 5. JEn. Ovid. Metam. 10. b Fulgent. Plan. 
+c Ovid. 6 . Metam. d Ovid, 3. Metam, 
+e Cum pater ignarus Cadmo perquircre rapt am 
+Imperaty & pcenarn , Jt non inajenerit, add it 
+Exilium, fadto pins & Jcckratus codcm . Id, ib. 
+
+Moun- 
+
+
+Of the Gads of the Heathens. iy 
+
+Mountain Parnajfus ; and whereas it happened that his 
+Companions that were with him were devouied by a 
+certain Serpent, whilft they went abroad to fetch Wa¬ 
+ter ; he, to avenge their Death, flew that Serpent; 
+whofe Teeth he took: out, and, by the Advice of Mi¬ 
+nerva , fowed them in the Ground ; and fuddenly a Har- 
+veft of armed Soldiers fprouted up; who quarrelling; 
+among themfelves, with the fame Speed that they grew 
+tip, mowed one another down again, excepting five on¬ 
+ly, by whom that Country was peopled afterward. At 
+length Cadmus and his Wife Her mi one or Hcrmontff 9 
+after much Experience, and many Proofs of the Incon- 
+flancy of Fortune, were changed into Serpents. He is' 
+faid to a have invented fixteen of the Letters of the Greek 
+Alphabet: a, (3 , y , e, t, x, p, r, <?, c/, p, cr, ?, v, which, 
+in the Time of the Judges of ljrael , he brought out of 
+Phoenicia into Greece ; two hundred and fifty Years af¬ 
+ter which, Palarnedes added four more Letters, namely 
+§, <P> in the Time of the Siege of Troy : (although., 
+
+fome* affirm that Epicharmus invented the Letters 0 and. 
+X : and, fix hundred and fifty Years after the Siege of 
+Troy, Simonides invented the other four Letters, namely, 
+5;, u, d/- Cadmus is alfo faid to have taught the 
+Manner of writing in Profe; and that he was the firfi 
+among the Greeks , who confecratcd Statues to the 
+Honour of the Gods. 
+
+Now the Hi/iorient Meaning of the Fable, perhaps, 
+is this: b Cadmus was in Truth Ring of Sidon? by Na¬ 
+tion a Kadjnonite, as his Name intimates; of the Num¬ 
+ber of thofc mentioned by c Adofes. 'Which Radmonites 
+V/ere the fame with the <[ Hivites , who poflbfled the 
+
+
+Bids Cadmus trace and find the ntvifliM Fair, 
+
+Or hope no more to breathe Pbawician Air. 
+
+Both juft and wicked in the lame DcJign ; 
+
+The Care was pious, hut too great the Pine. CM vV/. 71 jW . y . 
+
+
+“ Id. 5. c. 29. Clef. 2 . u Jhu hart. a. p. Gengi\ c. 
+10. c Gen, k. 20. J idem cum Hevieis, Bochart:, ibid. 
+
+J C Mona- 
+
+
+18 Of the Gods of the Tleathens . 
+
+Mountain Hermon, and were thence alfo called Her* 
+moruzi : And fo it came to paf?, that the Wife of Cad - 
+7 mis had the Name of Hermiona or Hermione , from the 
+fame Mountain. And why is it faid, that Cadmus* s' 
+Companions were converted into Serpents, unlefs be* 
+caufe the Word Hevaus in the Sy'iac Language figni¬ 
+fies a Serpent : Moreover, another Word of a double? 
+Signification in the fame Language occafioned the Fa¬ 
+ble, that armed Soldiers fprouted forth from the Teeth 
+of the Serpent: For, a the fame Word fignifies both 
+Serpents ’Teeth and brazen Spears , with which b Cadmus 
+fir ft armed his Soldiers in Greece , being indeed the 
+ventor of Brafs ; infomuch that the Ore , of which Brafs 
+is made, is from him even now called Cad?nia. . As to 
+the five Soldiers, which are faid to furvive all the reft, 
+of their Brethren, who fprouted up out of the Teeth 
+of the Serpent, the fame Syriac Word fignifies c Five y 
+and alfo a Mem ready for Battle ? according as it is dif¬ 
+ferently pronounced. 
+
+
+* Hygin. c. 2. 4. b Plin. 1 . 34. c. 1. 10. c Bocha*tus 
+wt lupra. 
+
+SECT. IV. Jupiter’s Names . 
+
+jP. IT TT O W many Names has Jupiter ? 
+
+f b N. They can hardly be numbered ; fo ma¬ 
+ny were the Names which he obtained, either from th$ 
+places where he lived and was worshipped* or from the 
+Things that he did. The more remarkable I will here 
+fet down alphabetically. 
+
+The Greeks called him a Ammon ^ or Mammon , which 
+Name fignifies Sandy* He obtained this Name fit ft in 
+Lybia , where he was worlhipped under the Figure of a 
+Ram ; becaufe when Bacchus was a-third in the fabu¬ 
+lous Dcfcrts of Arabia , and implored the Affiftancc of 
+Jupiter , Jupiter , appearing in the Form of a Ram, 
+
+
+« Arcnarius ah Arena,.I'iut. in Ofir. V. Curt. 1 4. 
+
+3 o p c fled 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the T-leathens. 19 
+
+Opened a Fountain with his Foot, and difcovered it to 
+him. But others give this Reafon, becaufe Jupiter in 
+War wore a Helmet, whofe Creft was a Ram’s Head. 
+
+The Babylonians and fljfyrians? whom he governed, 
+called him a Bolus? who was the impious Author of 
+Idolatry; and, becaufe of the tJncertainty of his De- 
+fcent, they believed that he had neither Father nor 
+Mother; and therefore he was thought the fir ft of all 
+Gods : In different Places and Languages he was af¬ 
+terwards called Beel>> Baal , Beelphcgor , Beelzebub? and 
+Be fee men. 
+
+Jupiter was called b Capitolinus , from the Cap: to line 
+HdJ, upon the Top whereof he had the fir ft Temple 
+that ever was built in Rome ; which Tarquin the Elder 
+firft vowed to build, Tarquin the Proud built, and Ho- 
+ratius the Conful dedicated. He was befides called 
+Tarpeius , from the Tarpeian Rock on which this Tem¬ 
+ple was built. He was alfo filled c Optimus Maximus? 
+from his Power and Willingncfs to profit all Men. 
+
+He is alfo. called d Cufios. There is in .Nero's Coins 
+an Image of him fitting on his Throne, which bears in 
+its Right-hand 7 'hunder, and in its Left a Spear, with 
+this Infcription, Jupiter Cujios . 
+
+Anciently in fome Forms of Oaths he was commonly 
+called c Diefpiter, the Father of Light ; as we {hall far¬ 
+ther remark prefently under the Word Lapis ; and to the 
+fame Purpofe he was by the f Cretans called diredlly Dies* 
+
+The Title of Do don ecus was given him from the 
+City Doclona in Cbaonia , which was fo called from 
+
+a Berof. 1 . 4. Eufebius, 1 . i. pr:cp. Evang*. Hier. i. in 
+Ofcam. 
+
+b O CapitoHne,qucm, propter bencficia, populus Roma- 
+nus Optimum, propter vim, Maximum appellavit. Tull, dc 
+Nat. Dcorum i. 
+
+c Plin. Liv. Pint. Tacit. 19. 
+
+41 A pul. dc mundo. Scncc. 2. qu. nftt. 
+
+• Quaft dici pater. Var. do Lingua Latina. 
+
+r Macrob. in Saturn, ap. Bochart. in Geogr. 
+
+C 2 Dodonct , 
+
+
+2 o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Dodona , a Nymph of the Sea. Near to which City 
+there was a Grove facred to Jupiter , which was plant¬ 
+ed with Oaks* and famous; becaufe in it was the an- 
+tienteft Oracle of all Greece . Two Doves delivered 
+Rcfponfes there to thofe, who confulted it. Or, as 
+others ufe to fay, g the Leaves of the Oaks themlelves 
+became Vocal, and gave forth Oracles. 
+
+He was named Elicius , Becaufe the Prayers of Men 
+incty hr'rag him down from Heaven, 
+
+The Name Feretrius is given him, becaufe 1 he fmites 
+his Enemies ; or becaufe he is the k Giver of Peace ; for, 
+when a Peace was made, the Scepter by which the Em- 
+bafiadors fwore and the Flint'{lone on which they con¬ 
+firmed their Agreement, were fetched out of his Tem¬ 
+ple: or laftly, becaufe, after they had overcome their 
+Enemies, they ' carried the grand Spoils (Spolia oph?ia) 
+to his Temple. Romulus firft prefented fuch Spoils to 
+Jupiter , after he had {lain Acron , King of Cccnhia ; and 
+Cornelius Gallus offered the fame Spoils after he had 
+conquered Tbltimnius King of Hetruria ; and thirdly, 
+M, Marcellusy when he had vanquifhed Viridomarus 
+King of the Gauls , as we read in m ' Virgil, 
+
+Thofe Spoils were called Opwia , which one Gene¬ 
+ral took from the other in Battle. 
+
+Fulminatory or 11 CerauniuSy in Greek K^uvv\ou is 
+Jupiter 's Title, from hurling Thunder, which is 
+
+. - ■ i— —— >■ ■ .. . 
+
+e Alex, ah Alex, c z. 
+
+h Qijod ccolo pr;ecihus cliciatur, fic Ovid. Fall. 3. 
+Eliciunt carlo te Jupiter ; unde Mtnores 
+
+Nunc quoqnc tc celebrant, Eliciwnque vacant* 
+
+Jq<vc can’t refill the juft Man’s Cries, 
+
+They bring him down e’en from the Skies 
+Hence he’s Elicius call’d. 
+
+1 A feriendo, quod hoflcs feriat. ,c vcl a ferenda pace, Fell, 
+1 Vd a fereudis fpoliis opimis in ejus Templum. Plut. 
+in Rom. Dion. 2. 
+
+w c Ftrt iaq ‘tc anna Pair iffpendet capta fuir'uw. 
+
+And the third Spoils {hall grace Fcretvian Jove, 
+
+.Ain. 6. n Serv* ibid. 
+
+thought 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 21- 
+
+thought to be his proper O/hcc, if we believe the 
+PPoet.. 
+
+In Lycia they worfhipped him under the ^ Name of 
+G vagus , Tgdfaos [Grapftos ,J and Genii or. 
+
+In /Egium^ about the Sea-coaft, lie is faid to have 
+had a Temple, with the Name of r Homogynns. 
+
+At Preeyicfle he was called . hnperator . 3 "I here was 
+
+a moft famous Statue of hint ‘here, afterwards trail- 
+flated to Rome. 
+
+He was called Latifilis, 1 becaufe he was worfhipped 
+in Latium , a Country of Italy ; whence the "Latin Fes¬ 
+tivals are denominated, to which all thofc Cities of Ita¬ 
+ly reforted, who defired to be Partakers of the Solemni¬ 
+ty ; and brought to 'Jupiter feveral Oblations: Particu¬ 
+larly a Bull was facrificed at that Time, in the com-, 
+rrron Name of them all, whereof every one took a Part, 
+
+The Name Lapis , or, as others write, Lapidens , 
+was given him by the Romans , who believed that an 
+Oath, w made in the Name of Jupiter Lapis , was the 
+moft /oletrm of all Oaths. And it is derived either 
+from the Stone, which was prefented to Saturn by his 
+Wife Ops , who faid it was Jupiter , in which Senfe. 
+x Eufebius fays, that Lapis reigned in Crete ; or from 
+the Flint-Jlone , which, in making Bargains, the Swearer 
+held in his bland, and faid. If knowingly I deceive , 
+fo let Diefpiter, faving the City and the Capitol , cajl me 
+
+
+P Ho rat. 3 Carm. ancl Virgil. Ain. i. 
+
+* -— O qui res homhmmqnc Dcunique 
+
+JElends reg is imperils, & fuhnhic ter res. 
+
+O King; < f Gods and Men, whofc awful Hand 
+Difpcrles Thunder on the Seas ancl Land ; > 
+
+Pifpcnflng all with ablblutc Command. J 
+
+<J Lycophron. 1 Virg. 1 . i.T- a. -Ahi, 
+
+* Paufan. Sc Hcfych. Liv. 6. 
+
+* Cic pro Mi lone, 86. Dion. 1 . 4. 
+
+“ Latina; Peri e. u Juramcniiun per Jovem Lapideni 
+onmium faniliflimum, Cic 7. j^iil. i ( z. * In Chmn. 
+
+C *2 a way 
+
+
+2 & Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+away from all that's good, cis I cajl away this Stone $ 
+y whereupon he threw the Stone away. The Romans 
+had another Form, not unlike to this, of making Bar¬ 
+gains : It will not be amifs to mention it here : z If 
+with evil Intention I at ary Hi me deceive ; upon that Day 9 
+O Jupiter, fo flrike thou nr, as I floall this Day frike this 
+Swine, and fo much the more frike thou, as thou art the 
+snore able and fulfill to do it\ whereupon he fliuck down 
+the Swine. 
+
+In the Language of the People of Campania, he is 
+called Lucciiiis from Lux-, and among the Latins a Di$f- 
+f iter from Dies . Which Names were given to Jupiter ? 
+b becaufe he cheers and comforts s with the Light of the Day 
+as much as with Life itfelj: Or, becaufe he was believ¬ 
+ed to be the Caufe of Light c . 
+
+The People of Elis ufed to celebrate him by the Ti¬ 
+tle of <J Mar tius. 
+
+He was alfo called e Mufarius y becaufe he drove a- 
+way the Flies: For, when Hercules's religious,Exer- 
+cifes were interrupted by a Multitude of Flies, he there¬ 
+upon oiFered a Sacrifice* .to Jupiter , which being finifii- 
+ed, all the Flies flew away. 
+
+f Nicephorus , that is, carrying Vidlory ; and, by the 
+Oracle of Jupiter Niccphorus , the Emperor Adrian was 
+told, that he fhould be promoted to the Empire. Livy 
+often mentions him \ and many Coins are extant. 
+
+
+y Si feiens fallo, me Diefpiter, falva urbe, areeque, bonis 
+ojiciat, ut ego hunc lapiclcm. Fell, ap. Lil. 
+
+18 <Si dolo malo aliqnando fallatn, tuillo die, Jupiter , me 
+fic ferito, ut ego hunc porcum hodic feriam ; tantoque ma- 
+gis ferito, quanto nmgis poles, pollefque. Liv. 1 , 1. 
+
+Sc rv. 9 yEn. 
+
+h Quod nos die ac luce qnafi vita ipsa aflicerct acjuvarct. 
+Aid. Cell. 
+
+
+
+c Fell us. 
+rhun vita. 
+
+
+‘-Ac :?■?>• 7 ,:v , Jupiter pugnax. Plut. in Pyrrho. 
+, mufearum abactor. i aufan. $. F.liac. 
+i. e . Yittoriam geilans. JElias Span, in A- 
+
+
+m 
+
+
+O f the Gods of the Heathens. £ 3 
+
+in which is the Image of Jupiter bearing Vidlory in 
+his Hand. 
+
+He was called alfo s Opitnlus , or Opittdator, , the Hel¬ 
+per ; and Centipsda from his Stability : becaufe thofe 
+Things {land fecure and firm which have many Feet. 
+He was .called St alt lit or and Tigcllm , becaufe he fup- 
+ports the W orld. Aim us alfo and Alumnus , becaufe he 
+cheri flies all Things : And Ru minus from Ruma , which 
+fignifies the Nipple, by which he nouriflies Animals. 
+
+•He is alfo named h Olympias from Olympus , the Name 
+of the Maftcr who taught him. and of the Heaven where- 
+
+V? 
+
+in he rendes ; or, of a City which flood near the Moun¬ 
+tain Olympus , and was anciently celebrated far and near, 
+becaufe there a Temple was dedicated to 4 Jupiter , and 
+Games folemnized ever y five Years, ‘To this 'Jupiter 
+Olympus the firft Cup was facriflced in their Feflivals. 
+
+When the Gauls befieged the Capitol, an Altar was 
+erected to Jupiter k PiJlor\ becaufe he put it into the 
+Minds' of the Romans to make Loaves of Bread, and 
+throw them into the Gauls Tents: whereupon the Siege 
+was raifed. 
+
+The Athenians eredted a Statue to him, and worship¬ 
+ped it upon the Mountain Hymettus , giving him in 
+that Place the Title of 1 Pluvhts ; this Title is men¬ 
+tioned by ,n Tibullus . 
+
+Precdator was alfo his Name; not becaufe he pro¬ 
+tected Robbers , but becaufe, out of all the Booty taken 
+fiom the Enemy, one Part was due to him. 11 For, 
+when the Romans went to War, they ufed to devote to 
+
+
+8 Quafi opis lator. Fell. A Kg. 7 dc Civit. 
+h Paufan. Att. & Eliac. Liv. 1 . 4. dec. 4. 
+
+1 Pollux. 
+
+Ic . A pinfendo Ovid. 6. Fall. Ladt. 1 . 12. Liv. \ f 5, 
+
+1 1 hurnut. in Jovin. 
+
+ni An da 1icc PItev to fupplica J i \ha Jo-u't. 
+
+Nor the parch’d Grafs forifc 1111 from Jov idoth call. 
+* Serv. 5. JEn . 
+
+c 4 
+
+
+the , 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+the Gods a Part of the Spoil that they fhould get; 
+and for that Reafon. there was a Temple at Rome dedi¬ 
+cated to 'Jupiter P rad at 07 
+
+tjhtirinus* as appears by that Verfe o i Virgil, which 
+we cued above when he fpoke of the Name Ferctrius . 
+
+Rex and Regnat or are his common Titles in 11 Virgil, 
+Homer , and Ennius* 
+
+Jupiter is alfo called q Stator , which Title he hi ft 
+had from Romulus on this Occafion : When Romulus 
+was fighting with the Sabines, his Soldiers began to 
+fly ; whereupon Romulus , as r L-vy relates, thus prayed 
+to Jupiter , O thou Father of the Gods and Mankind , at 
+this Place at leafl drive back the Enemy , take azvay the 
+Fear of the Romans, and fop their difhonourable Flight • 
+And Y vow to build a Temple to thee upon the f ame Place , 
+that Jhall hear the Name 0/'Jupiter Stator, for a Monu¬ 
+ment to Pojlerity , that it was from thy immediate Af~ 
+fiflance that Rome received iis Prefervation » Alter this 
+Prayer the Soldiers flopped, ar«d n returning again to 
+the Battle, obtained the Victory’s whereupon Romulus 
+confecrated a Temple to Jupiter Stator . 
+
+The Greeks called him SwtvjY [Soter] Servator % the 
+Saviour , becaufe he delivered them from the Modes. 
+Confervator alfo was his Title, as appears from clivers 
+of Diode far? s Coins, in which his Effigies (lands, with 
+Thunder brandifhed in his Right-hand, and a Spear in 
+his Left; with this Infcription, Confervatori. In others. 
+
+
+0 Note 6, on Page 20. 
+
+p Divum Pater at quo hominitm Rex. Vir. dll n. 1. & 10* 
+The Father of the Gods, ancl King of Men. 
+
+Summi Regnat or OlympL JR n. 7. 
+
+Ruler of the highelt Heaven, 
+n A it an do vcl Jiitcndo. 
+
+r Tu pater Dcum hominumquc, hincfaltem nrcchoftcm, 
+dome lerrorcin Romanis, fugamque fccdain fiftc. Hie ego 
+tibi Templum Statori Jovi, quod inonumentum fit poileri 
+tua prxfenti ope fervatam Urbem efle, vovco. Liv. 1 . 1. 
+e Strabo, 1 . 9, Arrian, 8. de Gelt, Alex. 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+in (lead 
+
+
+
+
+. Of the Gods of the Heathens. • 2 £ 
+
+inftead of Thunder, he holds forth a little Image of 
+Vidlory, with this Inscription, Jovi Confervatori Or bis y 
+to Jupiter the Confervator of the fVorld . 
+
+The Augurs called f him Tonans and Fulgcns . And 
+the Emperor Aagujlus dedicated a Temple to him fo 
+called ; wherein was a Statue of Jupiter , to which a 
+little Bell was fattened V He is alfo called by Orpheus 
+B eoflztb; [ Brontaius J and by Apuleius , w Tonitrualis , the 
+Thunderer; .And an Infcription is to be feen upon a 
+Stone at Rome , Jovi Brontonti. 
+
+■ x Trlocidus , T%U(pticO.(j.o; [Triophlhalmos J was alfo an 
+Epithet given him by the Greccians* who thought that 
+he had three Eyes, with one of which he obferved the 
+Affairs of Heaven, with another the Affairs of the 
+Earthy and with the third he viewed the Sea-Affairs. 
+
+There was a Statue of him of this Kind in Priamus* s 
+
+• * 
+
+Palace at Troy ; which, befide the ufual two Eyes, 
+had a third in the Forehead. 
+
+y Vejovii , or Vejvpiter , and Vidius , that is, //#/* Jtipi- 
+ter , was his Title when lie was deferibed without his 
+Thunder, viewing angrily fhort Spears which’ he held 
+in his Hand: The Romans accounted him a fatal and 
+noxious Deity; and therefore they worshipped him, 
+only that he might not hurt them. 
+
+ylgrippa dedicated a Pantheon to Jupiter Vlior , the 
+Avenger , at Ro?ne, according to 55 Pliny. 
+
+He was likewife called a Xenius, or HofpitaUs , Hoj - 
+pliable 5 becaufe he was thought the Author of the 
+Laws and Cuttoms concerning Hofpitality. Whence 
+the Greeks call Prefents given to Strangers Xenia , as 
+the Latins called them Lautia. 
+
+Zst)? [ l) Zens] is the proper Nflrne of Jupiter , be¬ 
+caufe he gives Life to Animals. 
+
+r Cic. dcNat. 1 . r. M Dio. 1 £. w Ap. Lil. Oyr. Synt. 
+2. p. S2. x Paufh.ii. ap. enndem. y Cic. t?. de Nat. Cell. 
+1 . 5. Ovid, in Fad. 56 Plin. 36. 15. a Scrv. 1. /En, Cic. 
+pro Dciot. PIut. qu. Rom. Demoil. Or, dc legation. b A'/d 
+•s vjc fr/Je PJiuniut. do Jove, 
+
+S E C T. 
+
+
+✓ 
+
+6 $ Of the Gods o f the Heathens. 
+
+S E C T. V. The 'Signification of the Fable , 
+
+what is underfiood by the Name of Jupiter, 
+
+* 
+
+% 
+
+P. \7 OU have told us the Dreams of the Poets 
+j[ about Jupiter ; now, pray Sir, let us know 
+what the Hiftorians and Mythologies affirm concern¬ 
+ing him. 
+
+Very willingly. a Jupiter was King of Crete , 
+and, according to Eufebius , contemporary with the Pa¬ 
+triarch Abrahatn. This Jupiter depofed his Father, and 
+afterwards divided by Lot the Kingdom with his two 
+Brothers Neptune and Pluto . And, becaufe the Eaflern 
+Part of the Country was by Lot given to Jupiter , the 
+Weflern to Pluto. } and the Maritime Parts to Neptune ; 
+they took Occaiion from hence to feign, that Jupiter 
+was the God and King of the Heavens, Neptune of the 
+Sea, and Pluto of Hell. Nay, Jupiter's Name was fo - 
+honoured by Pofterity, that all Kings and Princes were 
+from him called Joves , and the Queens Junones , from 
+Juno the Wife of Jupiter . 
+
+Concerning the ndythologifls, or the Interpreters of 
+Fables, I fhal] only obferve this by the by. There is in 
+thefe Kind of Things fuch a vaft Diverfity of Opinions 
+among them; and, which is yet worfe, the Accounts 
+that many of them give, are fo witlefs and impertinent, 
+fo incongruous to the very Fable, which they pretend 
+to explain, that I think it better to write nothing from 
+them, # than to trouble the Reader with thofe Things, 
+which will not probably fatisfy him ; which when I can¬ 
+not effect, I will pafs the Bufinefs over in Silence, and 
+leave it to every one’s Difcretion to devife his own Inter¬ 
+pretations. For it is better that he himfelf fliould be the 
+Author of his own Miftake than to be led into it by ano¬ 
+ther, becaufe a Slip is more tolerable and eafy when wc 
+
+
+a Apud Salian. in Ami, &. Epitome Turfcllini. 
+
+
+our- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 7 
+
+I 
+
+ourftdves fall down, than when others violently pufh 
+us down at unawares : yet, whenever the Place re¬ 
+quires that I muft give my Expofitions of thefe Fables, 
+that I may di(cover Tome Meaning that is not repug¬ 
+nant to common Senfe, I Ihall not be To far wanting 
+to my Duty, as that any one fhould juftly accufe me 
+of Negligence. By the prefent Fable I may juftify 
+my Words ; for obferve only, how various are Mens 
+Opinions concerning the Signification of the Name 
+"Jupiter , and you may guefs at the reft. 
+
+The Natural Philofophers many Times think that 
+b Heaven is meant by the Name of Jupiter 5 whence 
+‘ many Authors exprefs the Thunder and Lightning, 
+which come from Heaven, by thefe Phrafes : Jove 
+ton ant <?, fulgent e , &c. and in this Senfe c Virgil ufed 
+the Word Olympus. 
+
+a Others imagined that the Air, and the Things 
+that are therein contained, as Thunder, Lightning, 
+Rain, Meteors, and the like, are fignified by the fame 
+Name. In which Senfe c Horace is to be underftood, 
+when he fays fnb Jove , that is, in the open Air. 
+
+Some, on the contrary, call the Air Juno ; and the 
+Fire Jupiter , by which the Air being warmed becomes 
+fit for the Generation of Things. f Others again call 
+the Sky Jupiter , and the Earth Juno; bccaufc out of 
+the Earth all Things fpring; which Virgil has ele¬ 
+gantly exprefl’ed in the fecond Book of his Georgies * 
+
+15 Euri - 
+
+
+b Cic. 2. dc Nat. Dcor. 
+c Pandit nr interest damns omnipotent is Olympi . 
+
+Mean while the Gates of Heaven unfold. AZn.‘ 10. 
+d Thcocr. Eel. 4. 
+
+c Jacct fub Jove frigido, id eft, fub Dio vno rov Atoj# 
+
+Hor. Od. 1. 
+
+* Jiucret. 1. 1 . 
+
+B 9 itm pater omnipotens factoid is i mb ft bus sc then 
+Conjugis in g rani urn Let at dejiendit, & omnes 
+Magnus alit, map no com miJlus cor pore, fetus . 
+
+Fox 
+
+
+2 8 Of the Gods' of the Heathens. 
+
+h Euripides thought fo, when he faicl that the Shy 
+ought to be called Summits Deus, the Great God. 
+
+1 Plato’s Opinion was different; for he thought that 
+the Sun was Jupiter $ and k Homer , together with the 
+afore fa id Euripides , thinks that he is Fate ; which Fate 
+
+is, according to 1 Fully’ s Definition, The Caufe from all 
+
+Eternity , zo/;>y fuch Things , already pajl , zt/fr* 
+
+; tfwrf zi/iy fuch Things , tfr are doing at prefent , be as 
+they are ; and why fuch Things , rff tfr*? follow hereafter , 
+fhsll follow accordingly. In fhort, others by Jupiter un- 
+derftand the m of the World ; which is diffufed not 
+
+only through all human Bodies, but likewife through all 
+the Parts of the Univerfe, as n Firgil poetically deferibes 
+
+to- 
+
+it. 
+
+I do not regard the moral Signification of the Fable ; 
+that would be an endlcfs and impertinent Labour. It 
+is free, as 1 (aid above, for every one to think what he 
+pleafes, and, according to the Proverb, to abound in 
+his own Senfe. 
+
+
+For then th’ Almighty Jove defeends and pours 
+Into his buxom Bride his fruitful Shovv’rs. 
+
+And, mixing his^Jarge Limbs with hers, he feeds 
+Her Births with kindly Juice, and folters teeming Seeds. 
+h Apud Cic. dc Nat. 1 In Phasd, k OdyfT. d. 
+
+I AS terna rerum caufa ; cur ea, quae preterierint, fa&a 
+iint; & ca, qua; inflanf, fiant; So ea, qua: confequentur, 
+futura fint. Cic. i. dc Divinat. 
+
+. 111 A rat. init. Ailron. 
+
+II Cesium ac terras , campofquc liquentes, 
+
+Lu cent cinque glob u?n Lwiat, Titaniaque a fir a 
+Spirit us hit us alit, tot a tuque infufa per art us 
+Mens agitat mol cm, & magno fc corpora mi feet. 
+
+—-— The Heaven and Earth’s compacted Frame, 
+
+And flowing Waters, and the Harry Frame, 
+
+And both the radiant Lights one common Soul 
+Tnfptrcs, and feeds, and animates the Whole. 
+
+This adivc Mind, infus’d thro 5 all the Space, 
+
+Unites and mingles with the mighty Mafs. slut. 6 . 
+
+CHAP. 
+
+4 
+
+
+
+ZYu/t'///. 
+
+
+V*} 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Apollo. His Image. 
+
+P. *T| U T what is that ° bcardlefs Youth, with long 
+
+P Hair, fo comely and graceful, who wears a 
+Laurel-Crown, and fhines in Garments embroidered 
+with Gold, with a Bow and Arrow in one Hand, and 
+a Harp in the other ? 
+
+M. It is the Image of Apollo , p who is at other Times 
+deferibed bolding a Shield in one Hand, and the 
+Graces in the other. And, becaufe he has a three¬ 
+fold Power in Heaven, where he is called Sol ; in 
+Earth, where he is named Liber Pater ; and in Hell, 
+where he is filled Apollo \ he is ufually painted with 
+thefe three Things : A Harp, a Shield, and Arrows.’ 
+The Harp (hews that he bears Rule in Heaven, where 
+all Things are full of Harmony 5 the Shield deferibes 
+his Office in Earth, where he gives Health and Safety 
+to terteftrial Creatures ; his Arrows fhew his Autho¬ 
+rity in Hell, for whomfoever he (hikes with them, he 
+fends them into Hell. 
+
+Sometimes he is painted with a Crow and a Hawk 
+flying over his Head, a Wolf and a Laurel-Tree on 
+one Side, and a Swan and a Cock on the other; and 
+under his Feet Grafhoppers creeping. The Crow is 
+facred to him, becaufc he foretels the Weather, and 
+fhews the different Changes of it by the Clearnefs or 
+Hoarfenefs of his Voice. The Swan is likewife endued 
+with Divination, q becaufe, fore feeing his Happinefs in 
+
+
+0 Horat. ad Callimach. p Porphyr. dc folc. . <i Cygni 
+non fine causa Apollim dicatifimt, quod ab eo divinationem 
+lufficrc vidcantur quia pravidentes quid in morte bom fit, 
+cum cantu & voluptate moriuntur. Tull. Qnxfl. Tulc. 1. 
+
+Death, 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+30 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+Death, he dies with Singing and Pleafure. The Wolf 
+Is not unacceptable to him, not only becaufe he fpared 
+his Flock when he was a Shepherd, but becaufe the 
+Furioufnefs of Heat is exprefled by him, and the Per- 
+fpicuity and Sharpnefs of his Eyes do moft fitly repre- 
+fent the Forefight of Prophecy. The Laurel-Tree 
+Is of a very hot Nature, always flourifhing, and con¬ 
+ducing to Divination and poetic Raptures ; and the 
+Leaves of it put under the Pillow, produce two Dreams. 
+The Hawk has Eyes as bright as the Sun ; the Cock 
+foretels his Rifing; and the Grafhoppers fo intirely 
+depend on him, , that they owe their Rife and Sub- 
+fiftence to his Heat and Influence. 
+
+
+SECT. I. 
+
+A 
+
+His Descent. 
+
+P. HAT Family was Apollo born of? 
+
+W M* You (hall know after you have firfl 
+heard how many Apollo s there were. 
+
+P . How many ? 
+
+M\ Four. The firft and ancientcfi: of them was 
+born of Vulcan: The fecond was a Cretan , a Son of 
+one of the Corybantes : The third was born of Jupiter 
+and Latona : The fourth was born in Arcadia , called 
+by the Arcadians , No mi us. x But though , as Cicero 
+fays, there were fo many Apollo’s yet all the reft of them 
+arc feldom mentioned , and all that they .did is aferibed to one 
+of them only , namely , to him that was born of Jupiter and 
+Latona. 
+
+P. In what Place was Apollo the Son of Latona 
+bom ? 
+
+
+r Atquc, cum tot Apollincs fucrint, reliqui omnes filcn- 
+tur, onincfque res aliornm go the ad unum Apollincm, Jovip 
+& Latona filium, referuntur. Cic. 3. dc Nat. Deor. 
+
+M. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+3 * 
+
+
+M, I will tell you more than you afk; they fay the 
+Thing was thus : Latona , the Daughter of Cceus the 
+Titan ^ conceived Twins by Jupiter: ‘Juno , incenfed at 
+if, fent the Serpent Python a gain ft her 3 and Latona , to 
+efcape the Serpent, 6 fled into the Ifland of Delos ; where 
+flie brought forth Apollo and Diana at the fame Birth. 
+
+s 
+
+MMimniMMMfliiipM, mm .... 1 mmm m —m iu. ... 
+
+4 Hefiod. 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+A Elions of Apollo. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Y what Means was Apollo Advanced to the 
+higheft Degree of Honour and Worfhip ? 
+
+M . By thefe four efpecially : By the Invention of 
+Phy/ick , Mufick , Poetry , and Rhetorick , which is aferib- 
+ed to him 3 and therefore he is fuppofed to prefide over 
+the Mufes . It is faid, that he taught the Arts of foretel¬ 
+ling Events, and (hooting with Arrows; when therefore 
+he had benefited Mankind infinitely by thefe Favouri 9 
+they worfhipp’d him as a God. 1 Hear how glorioufiy 
+he himfelf repeats his AccomplifhmentsofMind and Na¬ 
+ture, 
+
+
+Nefcisy temerariciy 7icfc:s 
+
+
+Quern Jug ias, ideoque Jug is — - 
+
+Jupiter eft geniter . Per me quod eritquefuitque , 
+EftquCy patet. Per me concordant carmina 7icrvis 5 - 
+Cert a quidem voftra^ eft uoflra tamcn una fagitta 
+Cert ior, in vacuo qua: valuer a pc St ore Jccit . 
+
+, Invent um Medici act incum eft, Op Jerque per or ban 
+Dicor, £ 3 ’ llcrbarum eft Jubjefta pot ail ia nobis . 
+
+Stop thy rafli Flight, liny, lovely Nymph, ’th 
+No common Wretch, no barb’rous Enemy ; 
+Great Jovds-my Father ; 1 alone declare 
+Wluit Things pall, prefont, and what future are. 
+By me the downy Eunuch Avectly fings, 
+
+J ib fecit Notes com polo to founding Strings. 
+
+
+15 
+
+
+My 
+
+
+
+
+Cure, where he .magnifies himfelf to the flying Nymph 9 
+whom he paflionately loved, 
+
+P. What memorable Things did he perform ? 
+
+M. Many j but efpecially thefe. 
+i. He deftroyed all the Cyclops, the Forgers of 
+ptter 9 s Thunder-bolts, with his Arrows, to revenge the 
+Death of Mfculapius his Son, whom Jupiter had killed 
+with Thunder, becaufe by the Help of his Phyfick he 
+revived the Dead. 11 Wherefore for this Facd Apollo 
+Was caft down from Heaven, and deprived of his Di¬ 
+vinity, expofed to the Calamities of the World, and 
+commanded to live in Banifhment upon the Earth : In 
+this Diftrefs x he was compelled by Want to look after 
+Admetufv Cattle; where, tired with Pleafure, to pafs 
+
+
+away his Time, it is faid> that he firft invented and 
+formed a Harp. After this Mercury got an Opportu¬ 
+nity to drive away a few of the Cattle of his Herd by 
+Stealth ; for which, while Apollo complained and threat-' 
+ened to punifh him, unlefs he brought the fame Cattle 
+back again, his Harp was alfo flolen from him by Mer¬ 
+cury \ fo that he could not forbear turning his Anger, 
+into Laughter. 
+
+2. He railed the Wails of the City of Troy, by the 
+
+
+Mufick of the Harp alone ; if we may believe the B Poet. 
+
+
+My Shafts flrikc Pure, but one, alas ! was found 
+A furer, my unpraftis’d Heart to wound : 
+
+Phyfick’s Divine Invention’s all my own, 
+
+And 1 a Helper tlno’ the World am known : 
+
+All Kerbs I thoroughly know, and all their Ufe ; 
+
+The healing Virtues, and their baneful Juice. 
+
+Onjid. Met emu 1. 
+
+v Lucian. Dial. Mort. x Paufan. in Eliac. 
+
+y Hor. ). C.trm. 
+
+B Ilian nfjicirsy Jirmnlaque turribus a If is 
+M(fnia , Apofiluce#ccmore lyrn-. 
+
+Ovid. F.pili, Parid. 
+
+Tray you fhnll fee, and Walls divine admire $ 
+lluilt by the Mufick of si polio's Lyre. 
+
+
+Some 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+33 
+
+
+Some fay f that there was a Stone, upon which Apollo 
+Only laid down his Harp, and the Stone by the Touch 
+of it alone became fo melodious, that, whenever it was 
+ftruck with another Stone, it founded like a Harp. 
+
+3. By Misfortune he killed Hyacinthus , a pretty and 
+ingenious Boy that he loved. For, whilft Hyacinthus 
+and he were playing together at Quoits, Zephyrus was 
+enraged, becaufe Apollo was better beloved by Hyacin¬ 
+thus than himfelf, and, having an Opportunity of Re¬ 
+venge, he puffed the Quoit that Apollo caff, againft 
+Hyacinthus 's Head, by which Blow he fell down dead; 
+whereupon Apollo caufed the Blood of the Youth, that 
+was fpilt upon the Earth, to produce Flowers called 
+Violets , as K Ovid finely exprefles it. 
+
+Befides, he was pafiionately in Love with CypariJJits y 
+another very pretty Boy, who, when he had unfortu¬ 
+nately kill’d a fine Deer, which he exceedingly lov’d and 
+had brought up from its Birth, was fo melancholy for 
+his Misfortune, that he conffantly bewailed the Lofs of 
+his Deer, and refufed all Comfort. h Apollo , becaufe 
+before his Death he had begged of the Gods, that his 
+
+
+f Paufan, in Attic. 
+
+z Ecce , cruor qui fufus hunioJignavcrat herb as , 
+
+Dejinit ejfe cruor , Tyrioque nitentior ojlro 
+
+Flos oritur , formamque capit, quam Lilia 5 Jt non 
+
+Purpurcus color his, argent cus ejfet in ill is* 
+
+Behold the Blood, which late the Grafs had dy’d. 
+
+Was now no Blood, from whence a Flower full blown 
+Far brighter than the 'Tyrian Scarlet fhone. 
+
+Which feem’d the fame, or did refemble right 
+A Lilly, changing but the red to white. Ovid* Met. 10. 
+
+h- miniufque fup remum 
+
+Floe petit a fuperh, ut tempore luge at emu :. 
+
+Ingcmuit trijlifquc Deus , lugebcrc nobis , 
+
+Lugebifqttc alios , adcrifquc dolcntibus , inquit* 
+
+Implores that he might never ceafe to mourn. 
+
+When Phoebus fighing, I for thee will mourn. 
+
+Mourn thou for others, Herfes Hill adorn. Ovid.Met. to. 
+
+D Mourn- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+Mourning might be made perpetual, in Pity changed 
+him into a Cyprefs^tree^ the B/anches of which were 
+always ufed at Funerals. 
+
+4. He fell violently in Love with the Virgin Daphne , 
+fo famous for her Modefty. When he purfued her 
+while flic fled to fecure her Chaftity from the Violence 
+of his Paffion, fhe was changed into a Laurel, the moft 
+chafte of Trees 5 which is never corrupted with the Vio¬ 
+lence of Heat or Cold, but remains always flourifhing, 
+always pure. i There is a Story about this Virgin-Tree, 
+which better deferves our Admiration, than our Be¬ 
+lief. A certain Painter was about to draw the Pi&ure 
+of Apollo upon a Table made of Laurel-Wood : And 
+it is faid, k that the Laurel would not fuffer the Colours 
+to flick to it, as though the dead Wood was fenfible, 
+and did abhor the Picture of the impure Deity, no 
+lefs than if Daphne herfelf was alive within it. 
+
+5. He courted alfo a long Time the Nymph Botina , 
+but never could gain her; for, fhe chofe rather to throw 
+herfelf into the River and be drowned, than yield to his 
+lafeivious Flames. Nor did her invincible Modefty lofe 
+its Reward. She gained to herfelf an Immortality by 
+dying fo, and, facrificing her Life in the Defence of 
+her Virginity, {he; not only overcame Apollo , but the 
+very Powers of Death. She became Immortal. 
+
+6- Leucothoc , the Daughter of Orchamus , King of 
+Babylon , was not fo tenacious of her Chaftity : For, fhe 
+yielded at laft to Apollo's Defires. 1 Her Father could 
+not bear this .Difgrace brought on his Family, and 
+
+
+* Lib ah. in Progym n. k Paufan. 1 . 7. 
+
+i - - defodit alte 
+
+Crudus hitmoy tnmuhtmqtie fuper gravis addit arena* 
+Jntcrr’d her. lovely “Body in the Earth, 
+
+And on it rais’d a Tomb of heavy Sand, 
+
+Wliofe pond’roiifi Weight her--Riling might withftand. 
+
+there- 
+
+
+
+
+
+. 'Of the Gods of' the Heathens 35 
+
+therefore buried her alive. ni Apollo was greatly grieved 
+hereat, and, though he could not bring her again to 
+Life, he poured Nedar upon the dead Body, and there¬ 
+by turned it into a Tree that drops Frankincenfe. Thfcfe 
+Amours of Leucotboe and Apollo had been difcovered to 
+her Father by her Siller Clytie , whom Apollo formerly 
+loved, but now deferted ; which jfhe feeing, pined 
+away, with her Eyes continually looking up to the 
+Sun, and at laft was changed into a n Flower called 
+Sun- flower, or Heliotrope . 
+
+7. Apollo WHS challenged in Muficby Marfyas , a proud 
+Muflcian ; and when he .had overcame him, ° Apollo 
+flayed him, becaufe he had dared to contend with him, 
+and afterwards converted hirh into the River of the fame 
+
+# » • • # u • % * % 
+
+Name in Phrygia . 
+
+'8. 'But Midas , King of Phrygia , having foolifhly 
+determined the Victory to the God Payf when Apollo 
+and he fang together, p Apollo ftretched his Ears to the 
+Length and Shape of Afles Ears. Midas endeavoured to 
+
+
+m Neft arc odoraio fparjit corpufque locumquc. 
+
+Mult aq tie conquefus, ltvtges tauten evthsra dixit* 
+
+Protinus imhulum ca lefti neftare corpus 
+Pelituit, terramque fuo madefccit odore ; 
+
+Pirgaque per gleh as, fenftm radicibns a ft is, 
+
+5 Thurea furrexit, tumulumque cacumine rupit. 
+
+He mourn’d her Lofs, and fprinkled all her Hearfc 
+With balmy Nettar, and more precious Tears. 
+
+Then faid, fince Fate does here our Joys defer. 
+
+Thou flialt afeend to Heav’n, and bids me there : 
+
+Her Body ftraight, embalm’d with heav’nly Art, 
+
+Did a fwect Odour to the Ground impart. 
+
+And from the Grave a beauteous Tree a rile. 
+
+That cheers the Gods with pleafing Sacrifice. Met. 4. 
+
+r Ovid. Meta in • 4. 0 Ovid. Fall, 6. 
+
+4>- p ar tcm dammit ur in imam ; 
+
+iuduit u t -q ue a u re s lent it g nidi cut is afclli . 
+
+Punifil’d in tlie offending Parc, lie bears 
+
+Upi. n.his Skull a (low-pac’d Afs’s Ears. Met. 1 6. 
+
+D ?. hide 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+hide his Difgrace, as well as he could, by his Hair: 
+But however, fincc it was impollible to conceal it from 
+his Barber, he earneftly begged the Man, and prevailed 
+with him, by great Promifes, not to divulge what he 
+faw to any Perfon. But the Barber was not able to 
+contain fo wonderful a Secret longer ; wherefore, q he 
+went and dug a Hole, and, putting his Mouth to it, 
+whifpered thefc Words, King Midas has AJJes Ears ; 
+then, filling up the Ditch with the Earth again, he 
+went away. But, O wonderful and ftrange ! The 
+Reeds that grew out of that Ditch, if they were moved 
+by the leaft Blaft of Wind, did utter the very fame 
+Words which the Barber had buried in ifj to wit. King 
+Midas has the Ears of an Afs r . 
+
+
+*1 — fee edit, humitmquc 
+
+Effodit , iff domijii quales confpexerit aures , 
+
+Voce refertparcel. Metam. 1 . 15, 
+
+He dug a Hole, and in it whifpering faid. 
+
+What monilrous Ears fprout from King Midas 9 Head! 
+
+r Aures Afininas habet Rex Midas. 
+
+* 
+
+% 
+
+SECT. III. Names of Apollo; 
+
+
+A S the Latins call him n <SV/, becaufe there is but. 
+
+one Sun ; fo fome think the Greeks gave him the 
+Name Apollo for the fame Reafon: Tho* 1 others think 
+that he is called Apollo , either becaufe he drives away 
+Difcafes, or becaufe he darts vigoroufly his Rays. 
+
+He is called " Cyntbius, from the Mountain Cynthus , 
+in the Ifland of Delos; from whence Diana alio is called 
+Cynthia . 
+
+
+
+
+t 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 7 
+
+And he is nam’d Delius from the fame JJIand\ be- 
+caufe he was born there. Or, as f fome fay, becaufe 
+Apollo ( who is the Sun) by his Light makes all Things 
+manifeft; for which Reafon he is called K Pbanaus. 
+
+He is named Dclphinius \ h becaufe he killed the Ser¬ 
+pent Python , called De/phis ; or elfe, becaufe, when 
+Cojlilius , a Cretan , carried Men to the Plantations, 
+Apollo guided him in the Shape of a Dolphin . 
+
+His Title Dc/phicus comes from the City Delphi in 
+Basotia , which City is faid to be the 1 Navel of the Earthy 
+becaufe when Jupiter , at one Time, had fent for two 
+Eagles, the one from the Eaft, and the other from the 
+Weft, they met together by equal Flights exactly at this 
+Place. k Here Apollo had the moft famous Temple in 
+the World, in which he 1 uttered the Oracles to thofe 
+who confulted him ; but he received them firft from 
+Jupiter. They fay, that this famous Oracle became 
+dumb at the Birth of our Saviour , and when Augujlus , 
+who was a great Votary of Apollo , defired to know 
+the Reafon of its Silence, the Oracle anfwered m him, 
+that in Judea, a Child was born, who was the fupreme t 
+God, and had commanded him to depart, and return^ 
+no more Anfwers. 
+
+Apollo was lilcewife called n Didymus , which Word 
+
+
+f 
+
+r Feftus cundtafacit /. e manifefla. % *Avro ra (pc&ivav> 
+apparere, Macrob.&Phurnut. h Paufan.in. Attic, 1 Paufan. 
+oy.cpethos T’o? yris 9 /. e. Umbilicus Terra;, k Phurnut. Laftant. 
+1 uEfcul. in §apcrd. 
+
+,n Me puer Heir reus, divos Deus ipfe gulerna?is 9 
+Cedere J'ede jubet , triftemque redireftth or cum. 
+
+Arts ergo dchhic nojlris abfeedito , Cufar. 
+
+An Hebrew Child, whom the bjefs’d Gods adore. 
+
+Has bid me leave thefe Shrines, and pack to Hell, 
+
+So that of Oracles I’ve now no more : 
+
+Away then from our Altar, and farewell. 
+n A yerbo^i^oi,gemclli, Macrob. apud Gyral. fynt. 7* 
+
+P* z 3 * 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+
+in Greek fignifies Twins , by which are meant the two 
+great Luminaries of Heaven, the Sun and the Moon, 
+which alternately enlighten the World by Day and 
+
+Night. 
+
+He was alfo called 2 No?nius> which fignifies either a 
+Shepherd, becaufe he fed the Cattle of Admetus ; or 
+becaufe the Sun, as it were, feeds all Things that the 
+Earth generates, by his Pleat and Influence. Or per¬ 
+haps this Title may fignify h Lawgiver ; and was given 
+him, becaufe he made very fevere Laws, when he was 
+King of Arcadia. 
+
+He is called Pcean , either from c allaying Sorrows , or 
+from his exa£l Skill in Hunting $ wherefore he is 
+arm’d with Arrows, And we know that the Sun ftrikes 
+us, and often hunts us with bis Rays, as with fo many 
+Darts. By this Name Paan, his Mother Latona , and 
+the Spectators of the Combat, encouraged Apollo , when 
+he fought with the Serpent Python , crying frequently, 
+d Strike him , Psean, with thy Darts. By the fame Name 
+the Difeafed invoke his Aid, crying, c IJeal i/s y Pasan. 
+And hence the Cuftom came, that not only all Hymns 
+in the Praife of Apollo were called Pceanes , but alfo, in 
+all Songs of Triumph in the Celebration of all Vi&ories, 
+Men cried out* lo Pecan. After this Manner the airy 
+and wanton Lover in { Ovid adls his Triumph too. 
+And from this Invocation Apollo himfelf was called "ieioc. 
+
+
+
+a No/xsu'f, ?. e . Pallor, quod pavit Admeti gregem, vel 
+quod qu a h pafeat omnia, Phurnut. Macrob. b Nop>c, Lex 
+
+Mac rob Cic. 3. dc Nat. Deor. c Xlotpet to muvuv rue; ctvi»s % 
+
+a fedando inoleftias, vel «r«p« to metUiv, a feriendo. Feltus. 
+rl *'tI 'irsnuv jacc vel immitte, Paxin ; nenipc teja in feram, 
+* T muictv, mcdcre Paap. 
+
+f Dicitc fo P<ean, 13 lo , Ids difeiic , Pecan f 
+Dccidit in capes pm:da pet it d mcos. 
+
+Sing lo Pecan twice, twice lo fay : 
+
+My Toils arc pitch’d, and I have caught my Prey, 
+
+Ovid, dc Arte A maud. J, 2. 
+
+* • ♦ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+39 
+
+
+He is called Pfxzbus g from the great Swiftnefs of his 
+Motion, or from his Method of Healing by Purging ; 
+fince, by the Help of Phyfic, which was Apollo *s Inven¬ 
+tion, the Bodies of Mankind are purged and cured. 
+
+He was named Pythius , not only from the Serpent 
+Python , which he killed, but likewife from h a/king and 
+confulting ; for none among the Gods was more confut¬ 
+ed, or delivered more Refponfes, or fpake more Oracles, 
+than he; efpecially in the Temple, which he had at Del¬ 
+phi ,> to which all Sorts of Nations reforted, fo that it 
+was called the Oracle of all the Earth The Oracles 
+were given out by a young Virgin, till one was debauch¬ 
+ed : Whereupon a Law was made, that a very ancient 
+Woman fhould give the Anfwers, in the Drefs of a 
+young Maid, who was therefore call’d Pythia and Py- 
+tbiusy one of Apollo's Names ; and fometimes PhaebaSy 
+from Phasbusy another of them. But, as to the Man¬ 
+ner that the Woman underftood the God’s Mind, Mens 
+Opinions differ. Tully fuppofes, that fome Vapours 
+exhaled out of the Earth, and affected the Brain much, 
+and raifed in it a Power of Divination k . 
+
+P. What was the Tripos on which the Pythian Lady 
+fat? : • 
+
+M. Some fay, that it was a Table with thre 4 e Feet, on 
+which (he placed herfelf when fhe defigned to give forth 
+Oracles \ and, becaufe it was covered with the Skin of 
+the Serpent Python^ they call it alfo by the Name of 
+Cortina, 1 But others fay, that it was a Vefiel, in which 
+{he was plunged before fhe prophefied ; or rather, that 
+it was a golden VefTel furnifhed with Ears, and fupport- 
+ed by three Feet, whence it was called Tripos ; and 
+
+
+£ ’Atto re. q>air%v 9 quod vi feratur, vel a purge, 
+
+Lil. Gyr. Synt. y. p. 222. h 'Ano ra *nru»0av£5§«i, ab iuterro- 
+gando vcl confulcndo, Hygin. in fab. c. 50. 1 Cic. pro 
+Font. Diodor. 1. Stat. Thebaid. Vide Orig. adv. Celf. 3 . 7. 
+k Cic. 1. do Diviiw 14. apud Lil. Gyr. 1 Flat, in Solon. 
+
+D 4 
+
+
+on 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+on this the Lady fat down. It happened that this Tri¬ 
+pos was loft in the Sea, and afterwards taken up in the 
+Nets of Fifhermen, who mightily contended amongft 
+themfelves, who fhould have it; the Pythian Prieftefs, 
+being afked, gave Anfwer, that it ought to be fent to 
+the wifejl Man of all Greece . Whereupon it was car¬ 
+ried to Thales of Miletus ; who fent it to Bias , as to a 
+wifer Perfon. Bias referred it to another, and that other 
+referred it to a fourth; til}, after it had been fent back*- 
+ward and forward to all the wife Men, it returned again 
+to Thales , who dedicated it to Apollo at Delphos . 
+
+P . Who were the wife Men of Greece ? 
+
+M. Thefe feven, to whofe Names l adjoin the 
+Places of their Nativity ; Thales of Miletus , Solon of 
+fit bens, Chilo of Lacedcemon , Pittacus of Mytilene , Bias 
+of Priene , Cleobu/us of Lindi , and Periander of Co¬ 
+rinth, I will add fome remarkable Things concerning 
+them. 
+
+Tholes was reckoned among the wife Men, becaufe 
+he was believed to be the firft that brought Geometry 
+into Greece . He firft obferved the Courfes of the T imes, 
+the Motion of the Winds, the Nature of Thunder, and 
+the Motions of the Sun and the Stars. Being afked. 
+What he thought the difllculteft Thing in the World ? 
+he anfwered, to know one's felf ; which perhaps was the 
+Occafton of the Advice written on the Front of Apol¬ 
+lo's Temple, to thofe that were about to enter, m Know 
+thyflf. For there are very few that know themfelves. 
+
+VVhen Solon vifited Craefus the King of Lydia , the 
+Xing (hewed his vaft Treafures to him, and afked 
+him whether he knew a Man happier than he ? Tes 9 
+fays Solon , I know Tell us, a very poor 9 but a very virtu? 
+ous Man at Athens, who lives in a little. Tenement there ; 
+and he is more happy than your Majcjly: For , neither 
+can thefe Things make us happy , which are jubjehl to 
+the Changes of the Times ; nor Is any one to be thought 
+
+
+
+m r^Gi cnavTvv, Nofcc teipfum. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 41 
+
+truly happy till he dies . p It is fa id, when King Crcefus 
+was afterwards taken Prifoner by Cyrus , and laid upon 
+the Piie to be burnt, he remembered this Saying of 
+Solon , and often repeated his Name ; fo that Cyrus ni ked 
+why he cried out Solon, and who the God was, whofe 
+Afiiftance he begged. Crcefus fa id, I find nou> by Ex¬ 
+perience that to be true, which heretofore he find to me ; 
+and fo he told Cyrus the Story: Who, hearing it, was 
+fo touched with the Senfe of the Vicifiitude of human 
+Affairs, that he preferved Crcefus from the Fire, and 
+ever after had him in great Honour. 
+
+Chilo had this faying continually in his Mouth, ^ De¬ 
+fire nothing too much. Yet, when his Son, had got the 
+VitSfory at the Olyynpick Games, the good Man died 
+with Joy, and all Greece honoured his Funeral. 
+
+Bias a Man no lefs famous for Learning than Nobility, 
+preferved his Citizens a long Time : And when at lafil , 
+r fays Duly, his Country Priene was taken ., andtherefil of the 
+Inhabitants , in their Efcape, carried away with them as 
+tnuch of their Goods as they could ; one advifed him to do 
+the fame, but he made Anfwer, s It is what I do already , 
+for all the Things that are mine 1 carry about me. He often 
+faid, ' that Friends jbould remember to love one another, fo 
+as Perfons who may fame times hate one another . 
+
+Of the reft, nothing extraordinary is reported. 
+
+
+p Plutarch. Herodotus. *1 Ne quid nimium cupias, Plin. 
+1 . 7. c. 32. r De Atnicitia. s Ego vero facio, nam omnia 
+me a mecum porto. Val. Max. 1 . c. 2. 1 Amicosita amarc 
+oporteret ut aliquando eflent ofuri. Lacrt . 
+
+the Fable. 
+
+Apollo means the Sun. 
+
+
+
+E VERY one agrees, that by u Apollo the Sun is to be 
+
+underftood ; for, the four chief Prophecies afciib- 
+ed to Apollo were, the Arts of Prophrfying , of Heal - 
+. . . . .. . . .- .. . . . . »■ » ■ ■ ■» . 
+
+
+
+u Cicero de Nat, 3. 
+
+
+
+
+
+42 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+ing , of Darting , and of Mufick , of all which we may 
+find in the Sun a lively Reprefentation and Image. 
+Was Apollo famous for his Skill in Prophefying and 
+Divination ? And what is more agreeable to the Na¬ 
+ture of the Sun, than by its~Lighi to difpel Darknefs, 
+and to make manifeft hidden and concealed Truth ? 
+Was Apollo famous for his Knowledge of Medicine., 
+and his Power of Healing ? Surely nothing in the 
+World conduces more to the Health and Prefervation 
+of all Things, than the Sun’s Heat and Warmth : And 
+therefore thofe Herbs and Plants, which are moll ex- 
+pofed to its Rays, are found to have moft Power and Vir¬ 
+tue, Thirdly, Is Apollo fkilful in Darting or Shooting? 
+And are not the Sun’s Rays like fo many Darts or Ar¬ 
+rows fhot from his Body to the Earth ? And laftly, 
+how well does Apollo' s Skill in Mufick agree to the Na¬ 
+ture of the Sun, which, being placed in the Midft of 
+the Planets, makes with them a Kind of Harmony, and 
+all together, by their uniform Motion, make, as it were, 
+a Concert of Mufick ? And, becaufe the Sun is thus 
+placed the middlemoft of the feven Planets, the Poets 
+aflert, that the Inftrument which Apollo plays on, is a 
+Harp with leven Strings. 
+
+Befides, from the Things facrificed to Apollo , f it ap¬ 
+pears that he was the Sun : The firft of which Things 
+was the Olive , the Fruit of which fo Jdves the Sun, that 
+it cannot be nourifh’d in Places diftantfrom it. 2. The 
+Laurely z a Tree of a hot Nature, always flourifhing, 
+never old, and conducing not a little towards Divina¬ 
+tion, and therefore the Poets are crowned with Laurel. 
+3. Among Animals, Swans ,l are offered to him 5 be¬ 
+caufe, as was obferved before, they have from Apollo a 
+F acuity of Divination, foi they, forefeeing theHappinefs 
+in Death, die finging and pleafed. 4. Griffins alfo, and 
+C r owsy were facred to him for the fame Reafon •, and the 
+f-Jawk , which has Eyes as bright and piercing as the Sun; 
+
+. . m .. 
+
+ft 
+
+1 Theocr. in Here. & Aerius. h Cic. Tufcul. t. 
+
+the 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 43 . 
+
+the Cock) which foretelshis Rifing; and the Grajhopper * 
+a Tinging Creature : Wherefore 1 it was a Caftom 
+among the Athenians to fallen golden Grafhoppers to 
+their Hair, in Honour of Apollo • 
+
+And efpecially, if k we derive the Name of Latona , 
+the Mother of Apollo and Diana , from the Greek 
+Savw [ lanthano , /a lie hid] it will fignify that before 
+the Birth of Apollo and Diana , that is, before the Pro* 
+dudlion of the Sun and the Moon, all Thingslay in¬ 
+volved in Darknefs : From whence thefe two glorious 
+Luminaries afterwards proceeded, as out of the Womb 
+of a Mother. 
+
+But, notwithftanding all this, feveral poetical Fa* 
+bles have Relation only to the Sun, and not to Apollo , 
+And of thofe therefore it is neceflary to treat apart. 
+
+
+i Thucyd, Schol. Arift, k Vid. Lil. Gyr. i. in Apoll. 
+
+
+
+CHAP, VI, 
+
+T'he Sun-. His Genealogy and Names. 
+
+T HIS glorious Sun, which illuftrates all Things 
+
+with his Light, is called <SV, as 1 Tully fays, 
+either becaufe he is the O N LY Star that is of that Mag¬ 
+nitude ; or becaufe , when he rifes , be puts out all the other 
+Stars , and ONLY appears hirrfelf \ Although the Poets 
+have faid, that there were five Sols; and Tully reckons 
+them up: Yet, whatever they delivered concerning 
+each of them feverally, they commonly apply to one, 
+who was the Son of Hyperion , and Nephew to /Ether , 
+begotten of an unknown Mother. 
+
+
+1 Vel quia Solus ex omnibus fideribus tantus efl: ; vel 
+quia cum exortus cil, ob feu rads omnibus, Solus apparent. 
+
+Oic. tie Nat, Dcorimi, 1, z, & 3 . 
+
+* 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+4 4 Of. the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+The Perfians call the Sun m Mithra , and, account¬ 
+ing him the greateft of their Gods,' worfhip him in a 
+Cave. His Statue hears the Head of a Lion, on which 
+a Turbant, called Tiara , is placed ; and it is cloathed 
+with Perjian Attire, holding with both Hands a mad 
+Bull by the Horns. n Xhofe that defired to become his 
+Priefts, and underfland his Myfteries, did firft undergo 
+a great many Hardships, Difgraces, Stripes, Colds, 
+Heats, and other "Torments, before they could attain 
+to the Honour of that Employment.. And, behold the 
+Holinefs of their Religion ! It was not lawful for the 
+Kings o iPerJia to get drunk, but upon that Day in 
+which the Sacrifices were offered to Mithra °. 
+
+Xhe Egyptians called the Sun p Horns ; whence comes 
+the Name of thofe Parrs called Home Hours j into which 
+the Sun divides the Day. They reprefented his Power 
+by a Sceptre, on the Top of which an Eye was placed ; 
+by which they fignify that the Sun fees every Thing, 
+and that all Things are feen by his Means. 
+
+Thefe ‘ l Floras were thought to be the Daughters of 
+Sol and Chronis , who early in the Morning prepare the 
+Chariot and the Horfes for their Father, and open the 
+Gates of the Day. 
+
+
+,n Hefvcli. & La&nnt. Gram, apud Lil. Gyr. n Duns 7. 
+Hi fir. ap. A then. 0 Gieg. Nazianz. Orat. i.in Jul. ** Plut. 
+Sc Ofir.. s iriomer. Iliad. Sc OdyfT. 4. Plutarch. Boccat. 
+I> 4. c. 4. 
+
+* 
+
+SECT. T. Jit!Ions of Sol. 
+
+% 
+
+N O other A£Hons of Sol are mentioned, but his 
+
+Debaucheries, and Love Intrigues between him 
+and his Miilrefles ; whereby he obfeured the Honour 
+•of his Name : The moffc remarkable of which are 
+thefe that follow. 
+
+
+i. He 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 45 
+
+X. He lay with Vmm in the Ifland of Rhodes y in which 
+Time, r it is faid that the Heavens rained CJold, and the 
+Earth cloathed itfelf with Rolls and Lilies; from whence 
+the Ifland was called s Rhodes . 2. Of Clymene^ he begat 
+one Son, named Phaeton, and feveral Daughters, 3. Of 
+Necera, he begat Pajiphae , and of Pares , Circe . TTo 
+omit the reft of his Brood, of more obfeure Note, ac¬ 
+cording to my Method I lhall fay fomethiner of each of 
+thefe ; but firft (fince I have mentioned Rhodes) I will 
+fpeak a little of the Rhodian Colojfus , which was one of 
+the Seven Wanders of the World , and of the other fix. 
+
+
+r Pindar, in Olymp. s ’Anb rc,v a Rofa. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Sfhe Seven Wonders of the World . 
+
+
+P. ITT HAT were thofe Seven Wonders of the World? 
+
+VV M - They are thele that follow. 
+
+* 
+
+1. The. Colojfus. at Rhodes , 1 a Statue of the Sun feventy 
+Cubits high, placed a-crofs the Mouth of the Harbour; 
+one Man could not grafp his Thumb with bothhis Arms. 
+Its Thighs were ftretched out to fuch a Diftance, that a 
+large Ship under fail might eafily pafs into the Port be¬ 
+twixt them. It was twelve Years making, and coft three 
+Hundred Talents”. It flood fifty Years, and at laft was 
+thrown down by an Earthquake. And from this Colofs 
+the People of Rhodes were named Colojfcnfes , and now 
+every Statue of an unufual Magnitude »s called Colojfus . 
+
+2. The Temple of Diana , at Ef hefts , was a VVork: 
+of the greateft Magnificence, which the Ancients pro- 
+digioufly admired : w Two Hundred and twenty Yeais 
+werefpent in finifhing it, though all Afta was employ¬ 
+ed. It was fupported by an Hundred and twenty-fci'en 
+Pillars, fixty Feet high, each of which was railed by 
+
+
+
+* Plin. 34. c. 17 u A Rhodian Talent is worth 327,/. . 
+iS.r. 4 d, Englifi Money. w Plin, 1 . 7. c. jb\ & 1 . 16. c. .jo. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+as many Kings. Of thefe Pillars thirty-feven wer& 
+engraven. The Image of the Goddefs was made of 
+Ebony, as we learn from Hiftory. 
+
+3. The Maufoleum, or Sepulchre of Matifoleus King 
+of Carta, x built by his Queen Artemifia, of the purelt 
+Marble ; and yet the Workmanfhip of it was much 
+more valuable than the Marble. It was, from North 
+to South, fixty-three Feet long, almoft four hundred 
+and eleven Feet in Compafs, and twenty-five Cubits, 
+(that is, about thirty-five Feet) high, furrounded with 
+thirty-fix Columns, that were beautified in.a wonder¬ 
+ful Manner: And from this Maufoleum all other fump- 
+tuous Sepulchres are called by the fame Name. 
+
+4. A Statue of Jupiter, in the Temple of the City 
+y Olympia, carved with the greateft Art by Phidias , out 
+of Ivory, and made of a prodigious Size. 
+
+5. The Walls of the City of Babylon, (which was 
+the Metropolis of Chaldea) z built by Queen Semiramis, 
+whofe Circumference was fixty Miles, their Breadth 
+fifty Feet; fo that fix Chariots might conveniently 
+pals upon them in a Row. 
+
+6. The 1 Pyramids of Egypt; three of which, remar¬ 
+kable for their Height, do ftill remain. The firft has a 
+fquare Bafts, and is one hundred and forty-three Feet long 
+and a Thoufand high: It is made of fuch great Stones, 
+that the leaft of them is thirty Feet thick. Three hun¬ 
+dred and fixty-thoufand Men were employed in building 
+it, for the Space of twenty Years. The two other Pyra¬ 
+mids, which are fomewhat fmaller, attract the Admira¬ 
+tion of all Spectators. And in thefe Pyramids, it is re¬ 
+ported, the Bodies of the Kings of Egypt lie interred. • 
+
+7. The Royal Palace of 4 Cyrus , King of the Medes, 
+made by Menon, with no lei's Prodigality than Art; 
+for, he cemented the Stones with Gold. 
+
+
+* Plin. lib. 36. c. 5. y Idem. 1 . 36. c. 3, '■'''Idem. 1 . 6 . 
+
+c. 26. 1 Plin. 1 . 36. c. 13. Belo. 1 , 2, q. 32, Sing. Obfcr- 
+vat. 1 Calepin. V, Miracuhnn. 
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 47 
+
+
+SECT. III. The Children of the Sun . 
+
+N OW let us turn our Difcourfe again to Sots 
+
+Children j the moft famous of which was Phae - 
+ton y who gave the Poets an excellent Opportunity of 
+fhewing their Ingenuity by the following A6fion. Epa - 
+phus, one of the Sons o t Jupiter, quarrelled with Phae - 
+ton, and faid, that, though he called himfelf the Son of 
+rfpollo , he was not 5 and that his Mother Clymene in¬ 
+vented this Pretence only to cover her Adultery. This 
+Slander fo provoked Phaeton , that, by his Mother’s Ad¬ 
+vice, he went to the Royal Palace of the Sun , to bring 
+from thence fome indubitable Marks of his Nativity. 
+The Sun received him, when he came, kindly, and own’d 
+him his Son 5 and, to take away all Occafion of Doubt¬ 
+ing hereafter, he gave him Liberty to a(k any Thing, 
+fwearing by the Stygian Lake (which Sort of Oath none of 
+th eGods dare violate) that he would not deny Him. Here¬ 
+upon Phaeton defired leave to govern his Father's Cha¬ 
+riot for one Day, which was the Occafion of great 
+Grief to his Father; who, forefeeing his Son’s Ruin 
+thereby, was very uneafy that he had obliged himfelfto 
+grant a Requeft fo pernicious to his Son ; and there¬ 
+fore endeavoured to perfuade him not to perfift in his 
+Defire, a telling him that he fought his own Ruin,andi 
+was dcfirous of undertaking an Employment above his 
+
+Ability, 
+
+
+a -- Temeraria dixit 
+
+Vox mea facia tua eJK Utinarn promijfa liceret 
+Non dare; Confitecr , folum hoc tibi y nate , negarent. 
+DiJJttadere licet . Non cjl tua tut a <vohmtas ; 
+
+Magna pet is , Phaeton, iff qua; non nj'tribus if is 
+Muncra conveniunt , nee tarn puerilibus awiis. 
+
+Sors tua wortalis : von ejl wort a /e, quod opt as, 
+*T\vas this alone I could refufe a Son, 
+
+Elfe by’s own Wilh and my rail; Oath undone. 
+
+
+Thou 
+
+
+48 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+Ability* and which no Mortal was capable to execute. 
+b Phaeton was not moved with the good Advice of his 
+Father, but prefled him to keep his Promife, and per¬ 
+form what he had fworn by the River Styx to do. In 
+fhort, the Father was forced to comply with his Son’s 
+Rafhnefs; and therefore unwillingly granted what w*as 
+not now in his Power, after his Oath, to deny ; never- 
+thelefs, he directed him how to guide the Horfes, and 
+efpecially he advifed'him to obferve the middle Path. 
+Pbaetonw&s tranfported with Joy, c mounted the Cha¬ 
+riot, and taking the Reins, he began to drive the Hor- ‘ 
+fes, which, finding him unable to govern them, ran 
+away, and fet on Fire both the Heavens and the Earth. 
+Jupiter 9 to put an End to the Conflagration, ftruck 
+him out of the Chariot yvith Thunder, and caft him 
+headlong into the River Po . • His Sifters Phaethufa , 
+Lampetia , and Phceba , lamenting his Death inceflfant- 
+ly upon the Banks of that River, were turned, by the 
+
+
+Thou to thy Ruin my rafli Vow doll wreft : 
+
+O 1 would I could break Promife. Thy Rcqueft, 
+Poor haplcfs Youth, forego ; retrafrit now. 
+
+Recall thy Wifh, and I can keep my Vow. • 
+
+Think, Phaeton, think o’er thy wild Defires,. 
+
+That Work more Years, and greater Strength, requires: 
+Confine thy Thoughts to thy own humble Fate : 
+
+What thou would’# have, becomes no mortal State. 
+
+i> .- Difiis 'tamen ille repugn at , 
+
+Propqfilumquc premit , Jlagratquc c up i dine currus •. 
+
+In vain to move his Son the Father aim’d. 
+
+He, with Ambition’s hotter Fire inflam’d. 
+
+His Sire’s irrevocable Promife claim’d. 
+
+c Occupat ille leuem jwvcntli corpore airrum , 
+
+Staique Jt(per, manibufque datas contingere hah an as 
+Gaudet , C5 invito grates agit inde parentu 
+Now Phactcn , by lolly Hopes poflefs’d. 
+
+The burning Seat witli joyful Vigour prefs’d ; 
+
+With nimble Hands the heavy Reins he weigh’d. 
+
+And Thanks unplcafing to his Father paid. 
+
+Qvid % Met am 1.2. 
+
+5 Pit y 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 4 $ 
+
+Pity* of the Gods into Poplar-Trees y from that Time 
+weeping Amber inftead of Tears. A great Fire that 
+happened in Italy near the Pa y in the Time of King 
+Phaeton , was the Occafion of this Table. And the Am* 
+bitious are taught hereby what Event they ought to ex¬ 
+pert, when they (oar higher than they ought. 
+
+p Circe , the mod: fkilful of all Sorcerefles, poilbned 
+her Hufband, a King of the Sarmatians 5 for which 
+fhe was banifhed by her Subje£ts, and, flying into Italy , 
+fixed her Seat upon the Promontory Ctrcceum , where 
+ihe fell in Love with Glaucus a Sea God , who at the 
+lame Time loved Scylla : Circe turned her into a Sea- 
+Monfler, by poifoning the Water in which fhe ufed to 
+walh. She entertained Ulyffes , who was driven thither 
+by the Violence of Storms, with great Civility 5 and 
+reftored his Companions unto their former Shapes ; 
+whom, according to her ufual Cullom, Ihe had chang¬ 
+ed into Hogs, Bears, Wolves and the like Beads. XJlyf 
+fes was armed againft her AfiaultS; fo that Ihe fet upon 
+him in vain. It is faid that fhe drew down the very 
+Stars from Heaven 5 whence we are plainly informed 
+that Voluptuoulhefs (whereof Circe is the Emblem) 
+alters Men into ravenous and filthy Beads 5 that even 
+thole who with the Luflre of their Wit and Virtue 
+fhine in the World as Stars in the Firmament, when 
+once they addi£t themfelves to obfeene Pleafures, be¬ 
+come obfeure and inconfiderablc, falling, as it were, 
+headlong from the Glory of Heaven, 
+
+q Pajipbae was the Wife of Minos , King of Crete • 
+She fell in Love with a Bull, and obtained her Delirc 
+by the Aflidance of Dtsdalus y who, for that Purpole, 
+inclofed her in a wooden Cow: She brought forth a 
+Minotaur , a Monfler, one Part of which was like a 
+Man, the other like a Bull. r Now the Occafion of 
+
+
+p Ovicl. Metam, 14. q Ovid. Mctam. 1. 
+ap. Boccat. 1 . 4. 
+
+
+% 
+
+
+r Scrv. 
+
+
+
+E 
+
+
+50 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+* 
+
+this Fable, they fay, was this : Pajtphae loved a Man- 
+whole Name was c Taurm , and had Twins by him in 
+Da claim’'* Houfe \ one of whom was very like her 
+Hufband Minos , and the other like its Father.- But 
+however that is, the Minotaur was fhut up in the La¬ 
+byrinth that Dadalus made by the Order of King Mi- 
+7 ios . This Labyrinth was a Place diverfified with ve¬ 
+ry many Windings and Turnings, and Crofs-paths 
+.running into one another. How this Minotaur was 
+killed,- and by whom, I Hi all fhew particularly in its 
+Place in the Hiftory of Thcfeus . p Dadalns was an ex¬ 
+cellent Artificer of Athens j who'fir ft, as it iS faid, in¬ 
+vented the Ax, the Saw, the Plumb-line, the Augre, 
+and Glue ; alfo he firft contrived Mails and Yards for 
+Ships: Bcfides, he carved Statues fo admirably, that’ 
+they not only feemed alive, but would never {land ftill 
+in one Place; nay, would fly away unlefs they were 
+chained. This D acclaim , together with Icarus his Son, 
+was fhut up by Minos in the Labyrinth which he had 
+made, becaufe he had aflifled the Amours of Pajiphae 5 
+whereupon he made Wings for himfelf and his Son, 
+with Wax and Feathers of Birds : Fattening thefe 
+Wings to his Shoulders, he flew out of Crete into Si¬ 
+cily ; at which Time Icarus , in his Flight, neglcdted 
+his Father’s Advice, and obferved not bis due Courfe, 
+but, out of a juvenile Wantonnefs, flew higher than 
+he ought ; whereupon the Wax was melted by the 
+Heat of the Sun, and the Wings broke in Pieces, and 
+he fell into the Sea, which is face,, ‘i according to Ovid 3 
+named the I car lan Sea from him. 
+
+To thefe Children of the Sun , we may add his 
+Niece and his Nephew Ilyb/is and Gamuts, JJyhlis 
+was fo much in Love with Gamuts > though he was her 
+
+S 
+
+4 
+
+- -- -— ■ ■ ^ — --^ --- ~ — -~ - — — - 
+
+
+r Ovid. Me tarn. 1. 8. Pan fin. in Attic, 
+s Icarus ]cards notnina fecit a q it is. Ovid, 1 . Trill. 
+
+lairiam Seas from Icarus were call’d. 
+
+Brother,, 
+
+
+
+JYaA //\ 
+
+
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+v 
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+
+Of the Gods of the Heat hens . 51 
+
+Brother^ that, Ale employed all her Charms to entice 
+him to (fonjitfit Incefl ; and when nothing would’oeer- 
+come his Modefty, fhc followed him fo long, that at 
+Jaft being quite opprefled with Sorrow and lath out, 
+fhe fat down under a 'Free, and fived fuch a Quantity 
+of Tears, f that file was com ci ted into a Fountain. 
+
+
+t Sic lachrymh co nfi r m f t a\fiii r PSrrbvia Byblis 
+■Vertitur in J .ntcm y . qui wnc qutque <vcuH$tas- unis 
+
+Nomen habci tjowin#*'jtl^raque.juh since msuuG. . * Ov. Met 
+
+Thus the Byll.s Cent in tears - . 
+
+Becomes a living Fountain, which \vt bears 
+Her Name, raid, undei a black Fh-hn that erows 
+
+• * • ^ 1 O 
+
+In thofe rank Vulhcs, plentifully liowj. Sandy's. 
+
+
+♦ 4 
+
+
+• # * 
+
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+* 4 
+
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+J . 
+
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+* • 
+
+
+c tiA p. vri. 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+M E JR/CUR Y. 
+
+
+Ills linage and Birth 
+
+
+^w HO ]nhtt young ?*Tan, Khvitli a civerful 
+
+VV Countenance, an honeii F^ook, and jivJy 
+
+Eyes 3 who is fo fair without Paint; having Wings fb; ;d 
+
+to his Hat'arid his Shoes, and a Hod iiihfs Handy widen 
+
+is wipgcd^and bound about by a Couple of Serpents ? 
+
+M.-Ltii the Image of Mercury , as the Egygihrrs ; aint 
+
+him ; whole Face is partly black. and dark, and n. Ty 
+* * - ' - « * * * • « ~ 
+
+clear 
+
+the Q 
+
+
+wears 
+
+
+(which are properly called Talar la) 
+Wings' are alfo fattened to his I fat (which is alfo call.-d 
+Pctafus) becaufe, finc'e he is the Mellon ger of the God.-;, 
+he ought not only to run but to fly. 
+jP.’ 'OF wHafTafents was he born ? 
+
+
+t 
+
+f 
+
+
+r ' « Galen, ap. Nat, Com. 1 . 5 
+
+E % 
+
+
+M. His 
+
+
+5 Z 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+M . h His Parents were Jupiter , and Mala the Daugh¬ 
+ter of Atlas ; and for that Reafon, perhaps, they ufed 
+to offer Sacrifices to him in the Month of May. They 
+fay that Juno fuckled him a while in his Infancy j and 
+once, while he fucked the Milk very greedily, his 
+Mouth being full, it ran out of it, upon the Heavens ; 
+which made that white Stream which they call 1 the 
+Milky Way. * 
+
+
+h Hefiod. in Theogon. Hor. carm. 
+quam Graeci vocant Galaxiam, «Vo 
+Macrob. Sc Suidas. 
+
+
+Li. * via la£lea 
+Tti yccftrotl©* a ladle 
+
+
+SECT. I. 
+
+
+Mercury. His Offices and Qualities. 
+
+
+P. TT 7 HAT were Mercury's Offices and Qualities? 
+
+VV M . He had many Offices, i. k The firft 
+and chiefeft of them was to carry the Commands of 
+Jupiter ; whence he is commonly called the Mejfenger 
+cf the Gods . 2. He fwept the Room where the Gods 
+
+lupped, and made the Beds ; and underwent many o- 
+ther the like fervile Employments ; hence he was ftiled 
+1 Camillus or Cafmillus , that is, an inferior Servant of the 
+Gods $ for anciently m all Boys and Girls under Age 
+were called Camilli and n Camilles : And the lame Name 
+was afterwards given to the young Men and Maids, 
+who ° attended the Priefts at their Sacrifices : Though 
+the People of Basotia p , inftead of Caniillus^ fay Cadmil~ 
+lus ; perhaps from the Arabic Word Chadam , to ferve; 
+or from the Phoenician Word Chadtnel , God*s Servant , 
+or Miniftcr facer • 3. ^ He attended upon dying Per- 
+
+fons to unloofe their Souls from the Chains of the 
+
+1 
+
+
+k Lucian, dial. Mai<e & Mcrcurii. 1 Stat. Tullian. 
+2..de vocab. rerum. ”‘*Serv. in 12 JEn. n Pacuv. in Me*- 
+dea. Dion. Halicarn. 1.2. Macrob. Saturn, 3. 0 Bocliart, 
+
+Geogr. 1 , 1. c, 2, i’ Sophocl. in CEdip. Horn. Odyffi u. 
+
+Body, 
+
+
+Of the 'Gods' of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+Body, and to carry them to Hell. He alfb revived, and 
+placed into new Bodies, thole Souls which had com- 
+pleated their full Time in the Elyjian Fields, s Almoft 
+all which Things Virgil does comprife in feven Verfes# 
+His remarkable Qualities were likewife many. r. 
+They fay, that he was the Inventor of Letters. This is 
+certain, he excelled in Eloquence, and the Art of /peak¬ 
+ing well $ infomuch that the Greeks called him Hermes 9 
+from his Skill r in interpreting or explaining ; and there¬ 
+fore he is accounted * the God of the Rhetoricians and 
+Orators. 2. He is reported to have been the Inven¬ 
+tor of Contra&s, Weights, and Meafures; and to have 
+taught the Arts of Buying, Selling, and Trafficking 
+flrft; and to have received the Name of Mercury from 
+1 his underjlanding of Merchandize . Hence he is accoun¬ 
+ted the God of the Merchants , and the God of Gain ; 
+fo that all unexpe&ed Gain and Treafure, that comes 
+of a fudden, is, from him, called l^Tov or uTcv 
+[ Hermeion or Hermann.] 3. In the Art of Thieving 
+
+4 * 
+
+• 1 
+
+<3 Dixerat . llle patris magni parere parahat 
+Imperio, & primum pedibus tdiaria neiiit 
+A are a, qua fublimem alts Jive aquora fupra 
+Seu terrain rapido pariter cum famine portant. 
+
+Tum virgarn capit ; hac animas ille pvocat Ore * 
+
+Pallentesy alias fitb trifia Tartar a mitt it : 
+
+Dat fomnos , adimitque , lumina morte ref gnat • 
+
+Hermes obeys ; with golden Pinions binds 
+
+His flying Feet, and mounts the Weftern Winds: 
+
+And, whether o’er the Seas or Earth he flies. 
+
+With rapid Force they bear him down the Skies. 
+
+But firll he grains, within his awful Hand, 
+
+The Marks of lovereign Pow’r, his magick Wand ; 
+With this he draws the Souls from hollow Graves ; 
+With this lie drives them down the Stygian Waves; 
+
+With this he feals in fleep the wakeful Sight, 
+
+And Eyes, tho’ clos’din Death, reftores to light. VirJEn. 4. 
+r *A no ritippwvivtiv, i. c. ab interpretando. ■ Tcrtul. 1 . 
+de Coronis. Fcftus. Fulgent. x A mercibus, vcl a mercium 
+cura, Philoftrat. in Soph. 3. 
+
+£3 
+
+
+54 
+
+
+Of the Gods' of t/jc Ifyatl^hs 
+
+
+p he cfrt^inly cecceUcd ail the Sharpers, jhat. ever were,' 
+or will be : tor he is fh^ very Prince and Gp,d of thieves. 
+The very Day in w^tch he was.born, \rc fickle away fome. 
+Cattle i 1urn-King AdtgietuJy> Herd, although .fpulip was 
+fCecpcf oi diem ^ who complained- nurch pi Uae Tfycit, 
+arid bent his 11 ow ajaiull him: But, in the mean Time,- 
+Mercury Hole even his ArrowsTopi him. .Vyhilit he 
+was yat ap ; infant, and entertained by Aulcaa, he {lole 
+liis Tools from him. lit* took away by Stealth ffynus’s 
+
+Ciirdle, whiUl (he embraced jfim \ and .Scep¬ 
+
+tre : He .dtfigned to Heal the Th.un<4er. too, but he was 
+ai t aid leii it Humid burn Ifrn. 4. He/vyas mightily Wil¬ 
+ful in pfiikhtsi Pt.’ce ; and for that Rw.don was lome- 
+
+9 O ' « « 
+
+times palmed with Chaii.s <>i Gold flovuim from his, 
+
+. / • * 4 . « i v » O * V-l fc *i f 
+
+Mouth, with which lie linked <together the Minds ot 
+thole that heaid him. r A«d he not only pacified mor¬ 
+tal Men, but aho the hpinpital <^od& of Heaven and 
+Hell j fur, wherever• they quarrelled' among them- 
+Ivhe-, he cc mooted their Differences. ’ 
+
+i * • • | ' 
+
+Am! this purificatory of nis is figrijicd by the 
+
+Red that he hoUh in his Hand, which Apollo heretofore 
+gave him, bccaufc he had'given Agfdlofiw Harp. ‘J This 
+Iriu had a wonderful Faculty of deriding ail Contra - 
+Her Jit St This. Vutue was firfl difcoVer.ed by Mar - 
+ary ; who feting two Serpents fighting as he tra¬ 
+velled, he put his Rod between them,, and reconciled 
+
+
+r Lucian. Dial. A poll. Sc V’ulc. 
+
+*3 Paris & armor ton , Ja gods imifque Dorn, pi , • • •• 
+
+Arbiter , a la to qui pede car pit iter. Ovid. Fall. 1 , 5* 
+Thee wing’d-foc.t all the Gods, both high and low. 
+The Arbiter of Peace and War allow., , 
+
+Atlantis c fegeece A epos, commune ppofundis , • 
+
+Et Jupe, ' 1 Aumen,qid fas perjipien iitrumquc 
+
+Seles hab.es, gemiveque facts compendia munjo,' , 
+
+Fair PlaJa 's Son, whole Pow'r ailone doth reach . 
+High iieftvcipa.hagh.t Towers,Ilell’s.dpflty Beach, 
+A common God to both, dofl both t^e Worlds appeafe, 
+
+Gltpiidlqn d^ Rapt. Prof 
+
+tnem 
+
+
+
+56 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+When Mercury perceived that his Theft was di(cover¬ 
+ed, he went to Battus , and defired that he would fay no¬ 
+thing, and gave him a delicate Cow. Battus promifed 
+him Secrecy. Mercury , to try his Fidelity, came in 
+another Shape to him, and afked him about the Cows : 
+Whether he faw them, or knew the Place where the 
+Thief carried them? Battus denied it; but Mercury 
+preffcd him hard, and promifed that he would give him 
+both a Bull and a Cow, if he would difcQver it. With 
+th is Promife he was overcome whereupon Mercury 
+was enraged, and, laying afide his Difguife, turned him 
+into a Stone called Index . This Story Oz//<idefcriWes in 
+fuch elegant Verfes that I cannot but recite them r . 
+
+T he Ancients ufed to fet up Statues where the Roads 
+croffed : thefe Statues they called Indices , becaufe, with 
+an Arm or Finger held out, they {hewed the Way to this 
+or that Place. The Romans placed fome in Public Places 
+and Highways ; as the Athenians did at their Doo;s, to 
+drive away Thieves j and they called thefe Statues 
+Hermes^ from Mercu>y y whofe Greek Name was Hermes ; 
+Concerning which fiermcs it is to be obferved, 
+
+1. Thefe Images have neither 5 Hands nor Feet, and 
+from hence Mercury was called Cyllenius , and by Con- 
+tra£tion 1 Cyllius 7 which Words are derived from a Greek 
+
+
+» 1 * ■ . . ‘ * ' > " " L ■ ! **■* 1 1 • - — ——. . — ■ ■ 1 1 m hi ■ ■ 1 ■ ■ m> 
+
+r At Battus poftquam cjl merccs geminates , fuh illis 
+Monti bus, inquit , erant : & erant fub montibus illis • 
+
+Rijtt At lain tades, & me mi hi, per fate, prodis : 
+
+Me mi hi prodis, ait c perjuraque peStora njcrtit 
+In durum Jiliccm , qui nunc quoque dicitur Index. 
+
+Battus, on th* double Proffer, tells him, there 3 
+Beneath thofe Hills, beneath thofc Hills they were. 
+Then Hermes laughing loud. What Knave, I fay., 
+
+]V{e to inyfelf, myfelf to me betray ? 
+
+Then to a Touch (lone turn’d his perjur’d Bread* 
+Whofe Nature now is in that Name exprefs’d. 
+
+* Simt’^Tro^E? k? Herod. 1. 1, t Ki^a©* i. c. rntw 
+
+yuiuify & ptclmn expers. Lil. Gyraldus. 
+
+' Word 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 57 
+
+N 
+
+Word fignifying a Man •without Hands and Feet ; and 
+not from Cyllene , a Mountain in Arcadia , in which he 
+was educated. 
+
+2. A Purfe was ufually hung to a Statue of Mercury , 
+* to fignify that he was the God of Gain and Profit^ and 
+prefided over Merchandizing; in which, becaufe ma¬ 
+ny Times Things are done by Fraud and Treachery, 
+they gave him the Name of Dolius. 
+
+3. The Romans ufed to join the Statues of Mercury 
+and Minerva together, and thefe Images they called f 
+Hermothents ; and facrificed to both Deities upon one 
+and the fame Altar. Thofe who hadefcaped any great 
+Danger, always offered Sacrifices to Mercury : g They 
+offered up a Calf, and Milk, and Honey, and efpeciaily 
+the Tongues of the Sacrifices, which, with a great deal 
+of Ceremony, they cafl into the Fire, and then the Sa¬ 
+crifice was fini filed. It is faid, that the Megare 72 fes fir ft 
+ufed this Ceremony. 
+
+
+c Macrob. & Suid. apud Lip. f Cicero. £paufan. in 
+Attic. Ovid. Metam. 4. Calliltrat. Homer. 
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+Bacchus, His Image . 
+
+jL?.X'T 7 'HY do you laugh, Palaophilus P 
+
+V V P- Who can forbear, when he fees that fil¬ 
+thy, fhamelefs, and immodeft God, placed next to Mer¬ 
+cury \ b with a naked Body, a red Face, lafeivious Looks, 
+in an effeminate Pofture, difpirited with Luxury, and 
+overcome with Wine. His fwoln Cheeks refemhlc 
+Bottles; his great Belly, fat Brcafts, and his diftended 
+fwelling Paunch, reprefent a Hogfliead, rather than a 
+God to be carried in that Chariot, 
+
+
+
+h Euripides in Bacchis, 
+
+
+M. That 
+
+
+58 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+M - Thar is no Wonder ; for- it is Bacchus himfclf, 
+the God of TVinc , and the Captain and Emperor of Drunk¬ 
+ards. He is crowned with Ivy and Vine-leaves. lie 
+h?.s a dlfrfus infhrad of a.Sceptre, which is a Javelin 
+with an £;<.n IL-ad, encircled by Ivy or Vine-leaves, 
+in his Hand. 1 He is carried in a Chariot, which is 
+fbrnctnncs drawn by Tygeis and Lions, and Tome- 
+times by Lynxes and Panthers: And like a King, he 
+has his Guards, k who are a drunken Band of Satyrs, 
+Demons, Nymphs that prelide over the Wine-prefTes, 
+Fairies of Fountains, and Piiclrcilcs. Sllenus oftentimes 
+comes after him, fitting on an A is that bends under 
+his Burthen. 
+
+P. But what’s here ? This Bacchus has got Horns, 
+and is a young Man without a Beard : 1 have heard, 
+that the Inhabitants of Elis paint him like an old Man, 
+with a Beard. 
+
+JIL It is true. lie is fomelimcs painted an old Man, 
+and fometimes a fmooth and heardlefs Boy: as 1 Ovid 
+and m Pihudus deferibe him. I (ball give you the Rea- 
+fon of all tlu fe Things, and cf his Horns, mentioned 
+alfo in n Ovid) before 1 make an End of this Fable. 
+
+
+1 Ovid, dc Arte Amandi, Ariltoph. Scholiaft. in Plutum. 
+Strabo, 1. z(k Ovid. 3. Metani. Sc 4 .. 
+
+k Cohors Satyrorum, Cobaiorum, Lenarum, Naiadum, 
+atque Laccharum. 
+
+1 - Pi In inconfumpta juventa ? 
+
+Y u pucr <c ter/ins, tu for mqfijfimus alto 
+Ccn/ficcris ccvlo, tibi, cum fine ccruibns adjlas f 
+Virginciim caput eft. 
+
+—-— Still doft thou enjoy 
+
+Unvvafted Youth? Eternally a Boy 
+
+Thou’rt feen in Heaven, whom all Perfections grace? 
+
+And, when unhorn’d, thou haft a Virgin’s Face, 
+
+w Solis art cm a ejl P her bo Bacchoquejuventa. 
+
+PLa:bus and Bacchus only have eternal Youth. 
+n Ac cedant capiti cornua, Bacchus tris . 
+
+Clap to thy Head a Pair of Horns, and Bacchus thou fhalt 
+
+be. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+59 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+SEC T. I. 'The Birth cf Bacchus. 
+
+* 
+
+Ty ACC HUS** s t Birth iv-as both wonderful and ridi- 
+ciihni', k the Poets r.i ty be heard: as they mult 
+when the DtfcouiTe is am ut Fables. 
+
+They t<JI us, th«.t v/hi o 'juq’itcr was in Love with 
+Sonic, it wifed j it ;uj\, JeTm’y hit;V .r inn ever be¬ 
+fore, Jn>n 'her* f-.re ti.u;i\ou:ui to edit y her; 
+
+
+and, in toe Smpe of < 
+
+
+d«i Woman, viivted Snnele , 
+Vyifii u he; nuuh J y i o h< r /•.♦ (pi:.t;!taiic£ with 
+"jY/p.icr, and aOr-'-bl . « h*\e i».w, '»h.en became 
+
+i hi a Reijuiil ; and 
+tlcv-i L) '' i;-i w. S. ■: io eo'/.c t. you ns be it 
+
+T -f be uiii cyne cloathed in nil 
+i l Iiod'ur. S. 7hde was great¬ 
+ly piealed w-iih t v ,\d-he; ar.d thrrekve, when 
+j npi Ur 
+
+
+ter l>oun 
+
+
+Pit V. 
+
+* • 
+
+' <L 
+
+c 
+
+V < • 4 . • * 
+
+* 
+
+» * 1 
+.it * 1 
+
+1 o j-. 
+
+PM. 
+
+A If i 
+
+« 
+
+• 1 
+
+' J ’ 
+
+ii h t 
+
+1 
+
+V - 
+
+•d 1 .C 
+
+r j: 
+
+no- 
+
+'• . • 
+
+Vt M 
+
+Ml > 
+
+ic-f i- 
+
+* 
+
+^ ■— ^ 
+
+
+Vi.it it \\ nuld . 
+
+
+n 7 
+
+ot iiune cncou- 
+
+
+■r < • 
+
+
+.t.i> 1 .i i M f. /. * it. mil. c n:iuuis • 
+
+% * +> • 
+
+Ci/i JjetUy it ■ e, r.!, ’in /Kit:.') c ref lJam : 
+Qj'.rre m.-j/s f f, Sf A H y«*< icnt.iu Junto 
+
+Kniifnu ic.n\rjiS Ii,.:ov y tu Dens tile Durum cjl. 
+
+L ita m-iloy n-uiit.iiijuc pcUus y ftriinraque tint Ml is 
+Q’jtsqii'Oy Sprtf 4’ ; ifjtalem Sulurt/Li, dixit y 
+
+< 7 *e jb!et cud left, i inerts cumJceJus inilis y 
+
+Du mi hi i: tainr. 
+
+Sin aikf’d < Y f 7r.-ve a Gift nnnani'U. * 
+
+When .thus the hind conferuing God rcplyM, 
+Speak but the Choice, it fhall not bedeny’d: 
+And, to confirm lay Faith, let Stygian Gods 
+And all he Tenants of Hell’s daik Abodes a 
+Witneis my Pr mif.* ; chefe are Oaths that bind. 
+And Gods that k.cp eTu jO’Vc him lei f conflu’d. 
+Tranfp 'rted with the fa 1 Decree, file feels 
+Ev’ri v i/)J^y ^ati^ipjLi^n-in her Ills ; - . /.* • 
+And jail about to pcrifli by the Granf •. • 
+And kind Compliance of her fond Gallant. 
+
+
+raged 
+
+
+
+60 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+raged by her Lover’s Kindnefs, and little forefeeing 
+that what fhe defired would prove her Ruin, begged of 
+Jupiter to come to her Embraces in the fame Manner 
+that he carefled Juno . What Jupiter had fo folemnJy 
+fworn to perform, he could not refufe. He could not 
+recall his Words, nor free himfelf from the Obligation 
+of his Oath; fo that he puts on all his Terrors, array¬ 
+ed himfelf with his greateft Glory, and in the Midft 
+of Thunder and Lightning entered Setnele' s Houfe. 
+a Her mortal Body was not able to ftand the Shock; 
+fo fhe perifhed in the Embraces of her Lover $ for the 
+Thunder ftruck her down and ftupefied her, and the 
+Lightning reduced her to Afhes. So fatal are the 
+rafh Defires of the Ambitious ! When fhe died, fhe 
+was big with Child of Bacchus ; who was preferved, 
+after his Mother’s Deceafe, in fuch a Manner as will 
+make you laugh to hear it: For, the b Infant was taken 
+out of his Mother’s Womb, and fewed into Jupiter's 
+Thigh, from whence, m Fulnefs of Time, it was born, 
+and then c delivered into the Hands of Mercury to be 
+carried into Euboea , to Macris , the Daughter of Ari~ 
+JiauSy d who immediately anointed his Lips with Ho- 
+
+Say, Take Jove's Vigour as you ufe Jove's Name, 
+
+The fame tne Strength and finewy Force the fame, 
+
+As when you mount the great Satwmia 9 s Bed, 
+
+And, lock’d in her Embrace, diffuiive Qlorics fhed, 
+
+a —__ Corpus mortale tumultus 
+
+Non tulit athereosy donifque jugalibus arjit . 
+
+Nor could her mortal Body bear the Sight 
+Of glaring Beams, and ftrong celeftial Light ; 
+
+But fcorch’d all o’er with Jove's Embrace cxpir’d a 
+And mourn'd the Gift fo eagerly defir’d, 
+
+b - Genetricis ab alvo 
+
+Eripitur, patrioque tcner (Ji credere dtgnuni eji) 
+
+Jnfuitur femort , maternaque tempera complete 
+
+The imperfedl Bn be, that in the Womb does He, 
+
+Was ta’en by Jove and fow’d into his Thigh, 
+
+His Mother’s Time accompli filing-. 
+
+, c JEurip. Bacch. Nat. Com. 1 . 4. * Apol. 4. Argon. 
+
+nc y % 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+61 
+
+ney, and brought him up with great Care in a Cave, 
+to which there were two Gates, 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+SECT. II. Names of Bacchus. 
+
+E will firft fpeak of his proper Name, and then 
+come to his Titles and Sirname. 
+
+♦ 
+
+.'Bacchus was fo called from a a Greek Word, which 
+fignifies to revel ; and, from the fame Reafon, the wild 
+TVomen , his Companions, are called b 5 Vhyades and c Mes- 
+nades> which Words fignify Madnefs and Folly. They 
+were alfo called d Munallones , that is. Imitators or Mi- 
+micks; becaufe they imitated Bacchus 9 s Actions. 
+
+. c Biformis , becaufe he was reckoned both a young 
+and an old Man, with a Beard, and without a Beard. 
+Or, becaufe Wine, whereof Bacchus is the Emblem, 
+makes People fometimes chearful and pleafant, fome- 
+times peevifh and morofe. . 
+
+He was named f Erifaus , either (as fome think) 
+from the Nymph his Nurfe; or from the Ufe of the 
+Grapes and Honey, which he invented $ (for Brifa 
+fignifies a Bunch of prefled Grapes) or elfe from th& 
+Promontory BriJ'a , in the Bland of Lejbos , where he 
+was worfhipped. 
+
+B Bromius , from the Crackling of Fire^ and Noife of 
+Thunder , that was heard when his Mother was killed 
+in the Embraces of Jupiter . 
+
+h Bimater or Bimeter, becaufe he had two Mothers ; 
+the firft was Semc!e> who conceived him in the Womb 5 
+
+
+» ■ . ■ —. . 1 in — ,■■■ . ... 
+
+f 
+
+% 
+
+a rS paKfteva* feu ab infaniendo. Euftntli. 
+
+apud Lil. b 3 An to vUi Ovcct; a furore ac rabie. Virg. 
+
+./Ln, 4. c " A infanio, ferocio. d A 
+
+imitor. c Ayco^po? Diod. apud Lil. ^ f Cornut. in 
+Pcrf. Sat 1. k 'A nro ?ov foipti ab incendii crepitu, toni- 
+trufejue fouitu. Ovid. 4. Mctain. ll Idem. ibid. 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+
+62 
+
+
+■ Ofthe Gods of the -Heathens. 
+
+
+p - - 1 ' " 4 
+
+< and the other,-the Thigh of Jupiter y into which he 
+
+was received after he was faved* from the Fire.- 
+
+He is called by divers of the Gr ecks c Eugenes , that is, 
+born of an-Ox, and from thence *Taurifprnlis A ofEauri- 
+ceps ; and he is fuppofed to have Horns, becaufe he firfl: 
+ploughed with -Oxen, or becaufe. he w : as the Son* of 
+Jupiter A mm on ^ who had the Plead of a Ram. 
+
+d Damon bonus , the good Angel ; and in Fea-fts, after 
+the Victuals were taken away, the laft Glafs wasdfunk 
+round to his Honour. * 
+
+c Dithyra?nbus , which fignifies either that he was born 
+twice, of Serhcle and of Jove ; or,the double Gate, which 
+the Cave had in which he was brought up; or perhaps 
+it means that Drunkards cannot keep Secrets^; but 
+whatever is in the Plead comes into the Mouth, and 
+, then burfis f forth, as faft as it would out of two Doors. 
+
+r * • # # 
+
+Dionyfius or Dionyfus? e from : his-Father Jupiter^ or 
+from the Nymphs called by whom he was nurf- 
+
+ed, as they fay ; or from a Greek Word, fignifying to h 
+prick? becaufe he pricked his Father’s 'Srtle with his 
+Plorns, when he was born ; or from Jupiter’s Lame- 
+nefs who limped when Bacchus Was in his Thigh; or 
+from an I (land among the Cyclades , called -Did, or Naxos , 
+which was dedicated to him when he married Ariadne \ 
+or laftly from the City of Nyfa , in which Bacchus 
+reigned. 
+
+k Evihus , or Evchits . For, in the War of the Giants, 
+when Jupiter did not fee Bacchus , he thought that 
+
+
+c Beysuvfc i. e. a bove genitus. Clemens Strom. Euf. I. 4 , 
+Frrep. Evang. d Diodor. 1. ij. Idem. 1. 3 . c ’a? to t« $<; 
+tU 0 vgav dvaficcimv, a bis in januam ingrediendo. Diodor. 
+Orig. Eufob. f Quah per geminam portam, hie pro- 
+vcrbialiter dc vino, tacit to r6fj.ee ci, Ovpv. ® A wo m a. 
+Jove, Phurnut. in fab. h a viaro-w pungo, Lucian. Dial. 
+1 n vs-oc t i. c. claudus, Nonn, 1, 9 .. k Elicu vU ! .Eheu 
+
+iiii! Eurip. in Bacch. 
+
+
+he 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the He at he, 
+
+
+6 3 
+
+
+lie was killed, and cried out, k Alas Son ! Or, becaufe 
+when he found that Bacchus had overcome the Giants, 
+by changing himfelf into aTion, he cried out again, 
+1 JVelldofu ?, Son. 
+
+,n Eva?!) from the Acclamation of the Bacchantes , 
+
+who were therefore called Evantcs. 
+
+Euchius , n becaufe Bacchus fills his GJafs plentifully, 
+even up to the Brim . 
+
+0 Eleleus and Elcus\ from the- Acclamation where¬ 
+with they animated the Soldiers before' the Fight, or 
+encouraged them in the Battle icfclf. The fame Ac¬ 
+clamation was alfo ufed in celebrating the Orgla^ which 
+were Sacrifices offered up to Bacchus . 
+
+p Iacchus was alfo one of his Names, from'the Nolle 
+which Men when drunk make: And this * Title is 
+given him by Claudi'cm ; from wfipfer Account of Bac- 
+chus , we may learn, that h : e ; was not always naked, but 
+fometimes cloathed with fhfe Skin of a Tyger. 
+
+* S. 
+
+Lenaus ; becaufe, as Do}iatus t fays, r Wine palliates 
+and affuages the Sorrows of Men’s Minds. But Servius 
+thinks that this Name, fince it is a Greek Name, ought 
+not to be derived from a Latin Word, as Demins fays, 
+but from a Greek s Word, which fignifies -the Vat or 
+Profs. in which Wine-is made. 
+
+
+k Virg. ^En. 7. 1 E 5 vie Euge fill ! Cornut. in Pcrf. 
+
+A cron, in Horat. *" Virg. yKn. 6. Ovid.4. Metam. 
+
+n Ab £ i. e. bene ac large fun do. Nat. Com. J. t;. 0 Ah 
+
+exclamations bellica. Ovid. 4. Metam. ALfchyl. in 
+Jrometh. 
+
+V Ab tuxx : vu clamo, vocifcror. 
+
+<3 Lei'tujque Jhmtl f roc edit Iacchus 
+
+Cr in alt jiorens hedera : Quem Parthica ^Tigris 
+Eclat, & any at os in nod tan colli git ungues. 
+
+- - - ‘The Jolly God conics in. 
+
+His Hair with Ivy twin’d, his Cl oaths a Tygcr’s Skin! 
+Whole Golden Claws arc clutch’d into a Knot. 
+
+« 
+
+de Rafttt Projirp, J. r. 
+f Quod Icniat mentem vinmn. 8 ’Avr© to? ?.:vov or 
+
+Tsr.f,uv, i. e. lorcuJari. Servius in Virg. Georg. 1 . 2. 
+
+
+Liber 
+
+
+
+64 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+a Liber and Liber Pater , from Libera ; as in Greek 
+they call him [ Eleutberios j the Deliverer ; for 
+
+he is the Symbol of Liberty , and was worlhipped in all 
+free Cities. 
+
+Lyrsus and Lyceus fignify the feme with Liber : For 
+Wine b frees the Mind from Cares ; and thofe, who 
+have drank plentifully, fpeak whatever comes in their 
+Minds, as c Ovid fays. 
+
+The Sacrifices of Bacchus were celebrated in the 
+2 sTight) wherefore he is called J Ny&ilius. 
+
+Becaufe he was educated upon the Mountain Nija , 
+he is called Nifatus c . 
+
+Reftusy ’Ofibs [ Orthos ] bccaufe he taught a certain 
+King of Athens to dilute his Wine with Water ; thus 
+Men, who through much Drinking ftagger’d before, by 
+mixing Water with their Wine, begin to go Jlraight . 
+
+His Mother Semele and his Nurfe were fometimea 
+called Thyo\ therefore from thence they called him f 
+4 Thyoneus . 
+
+Laftly, he was called * Triumphus ; becaufe when in 
+Triumph the Conquerors went into the Capitol, the Sol¬ 
+diers cried out, lo Triumphs! 
+
+
+a Virg. 7. Eel. Plutarch, in Probl. Paufan. in Attic. 
+b *At to 'r£ to'itr, i. e, a folvendo. 
+c Cura fugtt , multo diluiturque mero . 
+
+The plenteous Bowl all Care difpels. Ov. de Art . 
+
+d NlxIWw i. e. node perficio. Phumut. in Bacch. Ovid. 
+Metam. 4. c Ovid. ib. 
+
+*' Hor.l. 1. Carm. s Var, deLing. Lat. 
+
+
+SECT. III. ABions of Bacchvs. 
+
+
+T>ACCHUS invented tt fo many Things ufeful to Man- 
+^ kind, either in finifhing Controvcrfies, in building 
+Cities, in making Laws, or in obtaining Vi&orics, that 
+
+
+*Diod. I. 5. Hitt. Sc Orof. I. 2. Hor. Ep. 2. 
+
+he 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+ie Was declared a God by the joint t SuifFrageg of the 
+whole World. And,- indeed, what coul^i not Bacchus 
+himfelf do, when his Priefteffes, by flrilqng the Earth 
+with their Thyrft * drew forth Rivers of Milk, .and Ho¬ 
+ney, and Wine, and wrought feveralfuch Miracles'* 
+without the leaft Labour? And yet they received their 
+whole Power from Bacchus . 
+
+i. He invented the a Ufe of Wind; and firft taught 
+the Art of planting the Vine from whence it is made ; 
+as alfo the Art of making Honey, and tilling the Earth. 
+This b he did among the People of JEgypt^ who there¬ 
+fore honoured him as a GW, and called him Ofiris . 
+Let Bacchus, have Honour, becaufe he_ invented the 
+Art of planting Vines : but let him not refufe to the 
+Afs of Nduplia its Praifes, who,- by gnawing Vines , 
+taught the Art of pruning them.' 
+
+2.* He invented c Commerce and Merchandise, and 
+found out 
+nicia. 
+
+
+Navigation* when he was King of Phae- 
+
+
+. 3. Whereas Men wandered about unfettled, like 
+Beafts, d he reduced them into Society and Union: 
+He taught them to worfhip the Gods* and was excel¬ 
+lent in rrophefying. 
+
+4. He fubdued India , and many other Nations, rid¬ 
+ing on an Elephant: c He vidtorioufly fubdued Egypt , 
+Syria , Phrygia , and all the Eaft ; where he eredted 
+Pillars, as Hercules did in the Weft : He firft invented 
+Triumphs and Crowns for Kings;. 
+
+5. Bacchus was defirous to reward Midas the King 
+of Phrygia (of whofe Afs’s Ears we fpake before) be- 
+caufe he had done fome Service to him ; and bid him 
+afk what he would. Midas defired, that whatfoever he 
+
+
+n Ovid. 3 . Fuflorum. h Dion, dc Situ Orbis. Vide 
+Nat. Com. 
+
+c Idem, ibid. ,f Ovid. Faflorum, Euripid. in ILcch. 
+c Dion, do Situ Orbis. 
+
+
+F 
+
+
+touched 
+
+
+
+6 <S Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+touched might become Gold ; f Bacchus was troubled 
+that Midas afked a Gift that might prove fo deftru£tive 
+to bimfelf ; however, he granted his Requefl, and gave 
+him the Power he defired. Immediately whatever 
+das touched became Gold; nay, when he touched his 
+Meat or Drink, they alfo became Gold : When there¬ 
+fore he faw that he could not efcape Death by Hunger 
+or Thirft, he then perceived that he had foolifhly 
+begged a deftru&ive Gift; and repenting his Bargain, 
+he defired Bacchus to take his Gift to himfelf a^ain. 
+Bacchus confented, and bid him bathe in the River 
+Paftolns : Midas obeyed ; and from hence the Sand of 
+that River became Gold, and the River was called 
+Chryforrhoos , or Aurijluus, 
+
+6, When he was yet a Child, fome "Tyrrhenian Ma¬ 
+riners found him afieep, and carried him into a Ship ; 
+wherefore he firft ftupified them, flopping the Ship in 
+fuch a Manner that it was unmoveable : afterwards he 
+caufed Vines to fpring up in the Ship on a fudden, and 
+Ivy twining about the Oars : and when the Seamen 
+were almofl dead with the Fright, he threw them head¬ 
+long into the Sea, and changed them into Dolphins* 
+Ovid. Met am. 3, 
+
+
+f Annui t op tat is, mcituraque muiicra fol<vit 
+Liter ; & indohiit , quod non ?neliora pet iff et . 
+
+To him his harmlefs Wifh Lyams gives. 
+
+And at the Weaknefs oFs Requclt he grieves, 
+
+Latus Label, guudetqiu: male. 
+
+Glad he departs, and joys in’a Mifery. . Ov. Met. 11. 
+
+T 
+
+SECT. IV. 1 the Sacrifices of Bacchus. 
+
+TT N Sacrifices there are three Things to be confider- 
+JL ed, the Creatures that are offered ; the Priefis who 
+©flvred them ; and thirdly, the Sacrifices thcmfelvcs, 
+which arc celebrated with peculiar Ceremonies. 
+
+I. Amongft 
+
+
+Of fbe Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+
+1 . Amongft Trees and Plants, s ihefe were facied 
+Or confecrated to Bacchus , the /'/>, the Ivy , Bindweed* 
+the and the Vine* Among AnimaP, the Dragon 
+and the Pye, fignifying the Talkativeness of drunken 
+People. The Goat was flain in his Sacrifices, becaufe 
+he is a Creature definitive to the Vines. And, among 
+the /Egyptians, they facrificed a Swine to his Honour 
+before their Doors. 
+
+2 . The Priefts and PrieftefTes of Bacchus were h the 
+Satyrs , the Silent, the Naiades, but especially the re¬ 
+velling Women called Baccbse^ from Bacchus's Name. 
+
+3 . The Sacrifices themfelves were various, and ce¬ 
+lebrated with different Ceremonies, according to the 
+Variety of Places and Nations. They were celebra¬ 
+ted on ftated Days of the Tear, with the greateff Re¬ 
+ligion, or rather, with the ranked Profanenefs and 
+Impiety. 
+
+Ofcophoria 1 were the fir ft Sacrifices offered up to 
+Bacchus: They were firft inftitu'ed by the Phoenicians , 
+and when they were celebrated, the Boys, carrying 
+Vine-leaves in their Hands, went in Ranks praying, 
+from the Temple of Bacchus , to the Chapel of Pallas . 
+
+The k Trieterica were celebrated, in the Winter, by 
+Night, by the Bacchce, who went about armed, making 
+a great Noife, and foretelling, as it was believed. 
+Things to come. Thefe Sacrifices were inti tied 7;7- 
+te>ica y becaufe Bacchus returned from his Indian Expe¬ 
+dition after three Years. 
+
+The 1 Epilenaa were Games celebrated in the Time 
+of Vintage (after that the Prefs for fqueezing the Grapes 
+was invented.) They contended with one another, in 
+treading the Grapes, who fhould fooneft prefs -out in oft 
+
+
+
+« Xenophon in Sacerd. Plutarch, in robl.Symp. Eurip. 
+
+in Bacch. Hcroclot. Euterpe. .. . , \ 
+
+‘ h Vide Nat. Com. L c. 1 Paufiii$\*n Att. \Ovid. 
+
+- J . r. % « • .V f T.i ft • » 1 1 4 
+
+
+Fall. & Meta morph. 6: 
+
+
+F 
+
+
+1 Scholialt/’Jfu Ariflophajn. 
+
+
+VIall . 
+
+
+*68 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Mujl ; and in the mean'Time they Tung the Praifes of 
+Bacchus , begging that the Mujl might be fweet and good. 
+
+m Canephoria , among the ancient Athenians* were per¬ 
+formed by marriageable Virgins, who carried golden 
+Bafkets filled with the firft Fruits of the Year. n Ne- 
+verthelefs, fome think that thefe Sacrifices were infti- 
+tuted to the Honour of Diana , and that they did not 
+carry Fruit in the Bafket, but Prefents wrought with 
+th eirown Hands, which they offered to this Goddefs , to 
+teftify that they were defirous to quit their Virginity, 
+and marry. 
+
+Apaturia were Feafts celebrated in Honour of Bac¬ 
+chus* fetting forth how greatly Men are ° deceived by 
+Wine. Thefe Feftivals were principally obferved by 
+the Athenians . 
+
+A?nbrofia p were Feftivals obferved in January , a 
+Month facred to Bacchus ; for which Reafon this 
+Month was called Lenaus , or Lcna:o* becaufe the Wine 
+was brought into the City about that time. ** But the 
+Romans called thefe Feafts Brumalia , from Bruma , one 
+of the Name of Bacchus among them; and they cele¬ 
+brated them twice a Year, in the Months of February 
+and Attgujl. 
+
+Afcolia , Feafts fo called, from a Greek r Word fignify- 
+ing a Boracho , or Leathern Bottle ; feveral of which were 
+produced filled with Air, or as others fay, with Wine. 
+
+3 The Athenians were wont to leap upon them with one 
+Foot, fo that they would fometimes fall down ; how¬ 
+ever, they thought they did a great Honour to Bacchus 
+hereby, becaufe they trampled upon the Skins of the 
+Goats, who is the greateft Enemy to the Vines. But 
+
+m Dcmarat. in Certain. Dionyf. n Dorolh. Sydon. apud 
+Nat. Com. ° A decipicndo ab 'Anurous, fallo, didla funt 
+'Avrcc rtiricc. Vide Nat. Com. in Bac. P Idem. Ibid. ‘i Cad. 
+Rliod. I. r 8 . c. 5 . 
+
+1 Ab *Atr*os utris. TV.ctfc 3 in Hcfiod. 
+
+0 Menand, 1. dc My Her. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 69 
+
+among the Romans , Rewards were diftributed to thofe 
+who, by artificially leaping upon thefe Leathern Bottles 
+overcame the reft ; and then all them together called 
+aloud upon Bacchus confufedly, and in Verfcs unpolifh- 
+ed ; and, putting on Maflcs, they carried his,Statue a- 
+bout their Vineyards, dawbing their P'aces with Barks 
+of Trees and the Dregs of Wine : So returning to his 
+Altar again, from whence they came, they prefen ted 
+their Oblations in Bafons to him, and burnt them. And, 
+in the laft Place, they hung upon the higheft: Trees 
+little wooden or earthen Images of Bacchus , which, 
+from the Smalinefs of their Mouths, were called Of- 
+cilla; they intended that the Places, where thefe fmaH 
+Images were fet up in the Trees, fhould be, as it were,' 
+fo many Watch-Towers, from whence Bacchus might 
+look alter the Vines, and fee that they fuffered no In¬ 
+juries. Thefe Feftivals, and the Images hungup when 
+they were celebrated, are elegantly deferibed by 11 Th •- 
+gi / 9 in the fecond Book of his Georgies. 
+
+Daftly, the Bacchanalia , or Dionyfict , or Orgia , were 
+the Feafts of Bacchus b , among the Romans , which 
+
+3 — Atque inter pocula l<vti 
+
+Molli bus in prat is unftos falicre per it t res : 
+
+Nec non Anfonii, Trojd gens mijfa colon), . s' 
+
+Verjtbus incomptis Itidunt , rtfuquejoluto , 
+
+Oraque corttcibus fumunt horre/ufa cavatis ; 
+
+£t te, Bacche , vacant per carmina beta, tibique 
+Of cilia ex altd fufpendant mollia pinu. 
+
+Line omnis largopubefeit vinea fa-’tu , &C. 
+
+And glad with Bacchus , on the grally Soil, 
+
+Leap’d o’er the Skins of Goats bi fmcar’d with Oil. 
+Thus Roman Youth, deriv’d from ruin’d Troy, 
+
+In rude Saturnian Rhimes exp refs their Joy ; 
+
+Deform’d with Vizards cut from Barks of Trees, 
+
+With Taunts and Laughter loud their Audience plcafc : 
+Jn jolly Flyanns they praife the God of Wine, 1 
+
+Whofc earthen Images adorn the Pine, > 
+
+And there are hung on high, in Honour of the Vine. } 
+
+A Madncfs fo devout the Vineyard Jills, id) c. 
+
+Virg . 4. Georg. 6 Sc 7 JEn. 
+
+F 3 at 
+
+
+
+7 ° 
+
+
+Of the Gods o f the Heathens. 
+
+
+at firft were folemnized in February , at Mid-day, by Wo¬ 
+men only; but afterwards they were performed by Men 
+and Women together, and young Boys and Girls, who, 
+in a Word, left no Sort of Lewdnefs and Debauchery 
+uncommitted : For, upon this Occafion, Rapes,Whore¬ 
+doms, Poifon, Murder, and fuch abominable Impieties 
+wei e promoted under a facrilegious Pretence of Religion, 
+till the lJ Senate by an Fdidt abrogated this Feftival, as 
+Diagondus did at Fhcbcs, fays Cher a x , bccaufe of their 
+LcuudntJJes , which alfo Pcnibeus King of Thebes attemptr- 
+cd, but with ill Succefs : for the Baccha barbaroufly 
+killed him* whence came the Story, that his Mother 
+and Sifters tt^re him Pieces, fancying he was a Roar. 
+^ There is a Story befides, that Alcithoe the Daughter 
+of Ninyas , and her Sifter, becaufe, defpifing the Sa¬ 
+crifices of ' Bacchus , they ftaid at Home, and fpun while 
+the Orgia were celebrating, were changed into Bats, 
+z And tfiere is alfo an idle Story, that Cycurgus , who 
+attempted many Times to hinder thefe Bacchanalia in 
+vain, cut off his own Legs, becaufe he had rooted up 
+the Vines to the Difhonour of Bacchus . 
+
+
+u Liv. 1 . 9 Auguft. 6 de Civit. * Cic. de Leg. 1 . z. 
+c. 11. x Ovid-. 4. Metam. z Apud Nat. Com. 
+
+SECT. V. fhc Hijlorical Senfe of the Fable, 
+Bacchus an Emblem either of Nimrod or 
+Moses. 
+
+I Find two Meanings applied to this Fable; for fome 
+fay, that a Bacchus is the fame with Nimrod: The 
+Rcafons of which Opinion are, r. The Similitude of 
+the Words Bacchus and Bare bus, which fignifies the 
+Son oj Chus , that is, Nimrod. 2. They think the 
+
+-r " 1 * 1 > T . . .—r ■ " 
+
+
+a Bo chart* in Phaleg. 
+
+
+Nam# 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 71 
+
+Name of Nimrod may allude to the Hebrew Word Na¬ 
+mur 9 or the Chaldee Namer , a Tyger ; and accordingly 
+* (he Chariot of Bacchus was dr,awn by Tygers, and 
+hi mfe If cl oath ed with the Skin of a Tyger. 3. Bacchus 
+is fomettmes called b Neb redes, which is the verv fame 
+as Nimrodus . Mofes Riles Nimrod a great Hunter, and 
+we find that Bacchus is Riled c Tiagrcus , which in Greek 
+fign ifies the fame Thing. J did not, indeed, mention 
+the N^me of Bacchus'among the reft before 5 becaufe 
+T defign not a nice and complete Account of every 
+Thing : Nor is it abfurd to fay, that Nimrod prefided 
+over the Vines, fince he was d the fir ft King of Baby- 
+Ion , where were the mod excellent Wines, as the 
+Ancients often fay. 
+
+Others think that c Bacchus is Mofes , becaufe many 
+Things in the Fable of the onefeem derived from the 
+Hiftory of the other : For, firft, fome feign that he was 
+born in Egypt , and prefcntly fhur up in an Ark, and 
+thrown upon the Waters, as Mofes was. 2. The Sir- 
+name of f Bimater , which belongs to Bacchus , may be 
+aferibed to Mofcs y who, befidesone Mother by Nature, 
+had another by Adoption, King Pharaoh's Daughter. 
+3. They were both beautiful Men, brought up in Arabia^ 
+good Soldiers, and had Women in their Armies. 4. Or¬ 
+pheus direftly fliles Bacchus z a Law-giver, and calls 
+him h Mofes y and further attributes to him 1 the two- 
+Tables of the Law . 5. Befides, Bacchus was called k 
+
+Bicornis \ and accordingly the Face of Mofes appeared 
+double-horned when he came down from the Mountain, 
+where he had fpolcen to God ; the Rays of Glory, that 
+darted from his Brow, rcfemWing the fprouting out 
+
+of Horns. 6. As Snakes were facrificed, and a Dog 
+
+) • 
+
+
+a Anthol. 1 1. c. 38. Ep. b c 7^y^tvr l9 
+
+i c. Robuflus Venator. ll l^x Aihemvo. u Vofltus apucl 
+Bochart. in fuo Canaan. So Iluct, in Demonf r Evangel. 
+
+f Ai(/.y)Tmo- s QeO'(A r )<pofioi>. 11 M ^cr^v. j Ai7TA ockcc titerfv, 
+
+Exod. xxxiv. 29. k Eurip. in Bacch, 
+
+¥ 4 given 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+given to Bacchus as a Companion, fo Mofes had thi§ 
+Companion Caleb., which in Hebrew fignifies a Dog. 
+
+y. And as the Baccha brought Watpr from a Rock, 
+by ftriking it with their Thyrfus , and the Country 
+wherever they came flowed with Wine, Milk, and 
+Honey ; fo the Land of Canaan , into which Mofes 
+conduced the Jfraelites , not only flowed with Milk 
+and Honey, but with Wine alfo ; 1 as appears from 
+that large Bunch of Grapes which two Men carried 
+upon a Staff betwixt them. 
+
+8. Bacchus 111 dried up the Rivers Orofltes and Hydaf- 
+pes 9 by ftriking them with his Thyrfus, and paftpd thro* 
+them, as Mofes palled through the Red-Sea . 9. It is 
+
+faid alfo, n That a little Ivy-ftick, thrown down by 
+one of the Baccbes upon the Groiind, crept like a 
+Dragon, and twifted itfelf about an Oak. And, 10. 
+That 0 the Indians once were all covered with Dark- 
+
+• * • * % • ♦ I 
+
+nefs, whilft thofe Baccba enjoyed a perfect Day. 
+
+From whence you may collet, that the ancient In¬ 
+ventors of Fables have borrowed many Things from 
+the Holy Scriptures , to patch up their Conceits. p Thus 
+Homer fays, that Bacchus w reft led with Pallene , to 
+whom he yielded : Which Fable is taken from the Hif- 
+tory of the Angel wreftiing with Jacob. In like man¬ 
+ner Paufqnias reports, that the Greeks at Troy found an 
+Ark which was facred to Bacchus ; which when Euri- 
+pilus had opened, and viewed the Statue of Bacchus 
+laid therein, he was prefently ftruck with Madnefs. 
+
+The Ground of which Fable is in the fecond Book of 
+
+* # ♦ 
+
+Kings , where the facred Hiftorv relates, that the Beth - 
+fhemites were deftroye.d by GOD, becaufe they look¬ 
+ed with too much Curiofity into the Ark of the Co- 
+venant. r Again, the Poets feign, that Bacchus was 
+
+
+1 Numbers xii. 24. '» Nonn. in Dionyf. 1, 23. & 3 
+
+25. 45 - n A pud eimdem. 9 Nonnius Vof. ap. Ilochart. 
+in Can, v Horn. Iliad. 48. ‘i Pau’fan. in ^clxalc. 
+r Ariilot. Schol. in A earn. Ad:. 2. Seen. i # 
+
+
+angry 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 73 
+
+0ngry with the Athenians , becaufe they defpifed his 
+Solemnities* and received them not with due Refpcdf, 
+when firfl they were brought by Pegafus out of Besot ia 
+into Jlttica : "Whereupon he afflidfed them with a 
+grievous Difeafe in the Secret Parts , for which there 
+was no Cure* till by the Advice of the Oracle they per¬ 
+formed the Reverences due to the God, and eredled 
+Phalli * that is* Images of the aHlidfed Parts* to his Ho-r 
+nour; whence the Feafts and Sacrifices called Phallica 
+were yearly celebrated among the Athenians . Is one Egg 
+more like another* than this Fable is like the a Hiftory 
+of the Philiftines, whom God punifhed withthe Emerods, 
+for their Irreverence to the Ark? And when they con¬ 
+sulted'the Diviners thereupon* they were told, that 
+they could no ways be cured* unlefs they made golden 
+Images of Emerods, and confecrated them to God. 
+
+? 1 Sam. Chap. v. 
+
+SECT. VI. The Moral Senfe of the Fable, 
+
+Bacchus the Symbol of Wine. 
+
+W INE and its Effedls are underftood in this Fa¬ 
+ble of Bacchus . Let us begin with Bacchus’s 
+Birth. When I imagine Bacchus in 'Jupiter ’s Thigh* 
+and Jupiter limping therewith* it brings to my Mind 
+the Reprefentation of a Man that is burthened and 
+overcome with Drink; who not only halts* but reels 
+and ftumbles, and madly rufhes wherever the Force of 
+the Wine carries him. 
+
+Was Bacchus taken out of the Body of his Mother 
+Scmclc , in the mid ft of Thunder and Lightning 5 fo af¬ 
+ter the Wine is drawn out of the Butt* it produces 
+Quarrels, Violence* Noife and Confufion. 
+
+Bacchus was educated by the Naiades, the Nymphs 
+of the Rivers and Fountains; whence Men may learn 
+to dilute their Wine with Water, 
+
+Bgt 
+
+
+74 O/’ the Gods of the Heathens •. 
+
+But Bacchus is an eternal Boy, and do not the 
+oldeft Men become Children by tod much Drink ? 
+Does not Excels deprive us of that Reafon that diftin- 
+guiflies Men from Boys ? 
+
+Bacchus is naked, as he is who has loft his Senfes by 
+Drinking : He cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
+Thing; 41 Wine ahvays jpeaks "Truths it opens all the Se¬ 
+crets of the Mind and Body too ; of which let Noah be 
+a Witnefs. 
+
+The Poets fays b Bacchus has Horns ; and from thence 
+we may learn, that Bacchus makes as many homed as 
+Venus . 
+
+Nor does c Wine make Men only forget their Cares 
+and Troubles, but it renders d even the meaneft People 
+bold, infolent, and fierce, exercifing their Fury and 
+Rage againft others, as a mad Ox gores with its Horns. 
+I know very well, that fome think that Bacchus was 
+/aid to he horned, becaufethe Cups, out of which Wine 
+was drank, were formerly made of Horn c . 
+
+He is crowned with Ivy ; becaufethat Plant (being 
+always green and flourifhing, and, as it were, young) 
+by its natural Coldnefs, afluages the Heat occafioned 
+Jjy too much Wine. 
+
+He is both a young and an old Man; becaufe, as a 
+moderate Quantity of Wine irtcreafes the Strength of 
+the Body, fo Excefs of Wine deftroys it. 
+
+Women only celebrated the Sacrifices of Bacchus , 
+and of them only thofe, which were enraged and intoxi- 
+
+
+a In vino veritas. Era/m. in Adag. 
+
+** Ac cedant capiti cornua, Bacchus cr/s. 
+
+Put buton Borns, and Bacchus thou flialt be Ov. Ep, Saph. 
+c Cura Jit git, multo diluiturque nicro . 
+
+Full Bowls expel all Grief, difToJve all Care. 
+
+c /’unc •vent unt rijus , tunc pauper cornua Jr/m it . 
+
+By Wine and Mirth the Beggar grows a King. 
+c Porphyr. in 2 Carm. Horat. unde xgenne quart ftepu^ti 
+
+titquc* LiL Gyrald. 
+
+cated, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. y $ 
+
+catecl, and had abandoned themfelves to all Sorts of 
+Wickednefs. Accordingly Wine effeminates the moil 
+mafeuline Minds, and difpofes them to Luxury. It be¬ 
+gets Anger, and ftirs up Men to Madnefs : And there¬ 
+fore Lions and I'ygers draw the Chariot of Bacchus . 
+
+The-Men and Women both celebrated the Bacchana¬ 
+lia \n Mafks : It is well that they were afhamed of their 
+Faults ; their Modefty had not quite left them, fome 
+Remains of it were yet hid under thefe Difguifes, which 
+would otherwife have been utterly loft by the Impu¬ 
+dence of the ill Words and Adtions which were heard 
+and fecn on thofe Occafions. And does not Wine mafk 
+and dif°:uife us ftrancelv ? Does it not make Men Beafts„ 
+
+W *• - ^ 
+
+and turn one into a Lion, another into a Bear, and an¬ 
+other into a Swine, or an Afs ? 
+
+I had almoft forgot to tell you, that Bacchus is fome- 
+times merry, and fometimes fad and morofe : For, in¬ 
+deed, What cherifhes the Heart of Man fo much as 
+Wine? What more delightfully refrefties the Spirits 
+and the Mind, than that natural Nediar^ that divine 
+Medicine , which, when we have taken, a our Griefs 
+are pacified, our Sorrows abated, and nothing but 
+Cheerfulnefs appears in our Countenance. 
+
+The Vine is ib beneficial to this Life, that many fay 
+T) that the Happinefs of one confifts in the Enjoyment 
+of the other ; but they do not confidcr, that if Wine be 
+the Cradle of Life , yet it is the Grave of Rcafon: For, if 
+Men do conftantly fail in the Red Sea of Claret, their 
+Souls are oftentimes drowned therein. It blinds them, 
+and leads them under Darkncfs, efpccially when it be¬ 
+gins to draw the Sparkles and little Stars from their 
+Eyes. Then, the Body being drowned in Drink, the 
+
+
+a 7 'unc dolor & curat, rngaqucfront is abefl. 
+
+* Our Sorrows flee, we end our Grief and Fears, 
+
+No thoughtful Wrinkle in our Face appears, 
+
+O vid, de Arte ylmaudi . 
+
+:*> In vite horn inis vitam efle dicercs. 
+
+Mind 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+Mind floats* or elfe is flranded. Thus too great Love 
+of the Vine is pernicious to Life ; for from it come 
+more Faults than Grapes , and it breeds more Mifehiefs 
+than Cluflers . Would you fee an Inflance of y/hat you 
+read ? Obferve a drunken Man : O Beafl! See how his 
+Head totters,his Hams fink,hisFeetfail,his Hands trem¬ 
+ble, his Mouth froths, his Cheeks are flabby, his Eyes 
+fparkle and water, his Words are unintelligible, his 
+Tongue faulters and flops, his Throat fends forth a 
+nafty loathfome Stench* But what do I fay ! It is not 
+my Bufinefs now to tell Truth but Fables. 
+
+
+CHAP* IX. 
+
+Mars. Fits Image . 
+
+
+A S far as I fee, we muft tarry in this Place all 
+
+f \ Night. 
+
+ltd. Do not fear it ; for I fhall not fay fo much of 
+the other Gods as I have faid of Bacchus 5 and efpecr- 
+ally I hope that Mars , whofe Image is next, will not 
+keep us fo long. 
+
+P . Do you call him Mars , that is fo fierce and four 
+in his Afpe£l; Terror is every where in his Looks, as 
+well as in his Drefs : He fits in a Chariot drawn by a 
+Pair of Horfes, which are driven by a diflradled Wo¬ 
+man : He is covered with Armour, and brandifhes a 
+Spear in his right Hand, as though he breathed Fire 
+and Death, and threatened every Body with Ruin and 
+
+Deftru£tion. 
+
+M, It is Mars himfelf, the God of War y whom I 
+have often feen on Horfcback, in a formidable Manner, 
+with a Whip and a Spear together, A Dog was con-i 
+fecrated to him, for his Vigilance in the Purfuit of his 
+Prey; a Wolf, for his Rapacioufnefs and Pcrfpicacity ; 
+a Raven, becaufe he diligently follows Armies when 
+
+they 
+
+
+
+
+Ti. VI. 
+
+
+
+
+lift 
+
+
+* — 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 77 
+
+they march, and watches for the Carcafes of the Slain ; 
+and aCock, for his Wakefulnefs, whereby he prevents 
+all Surprize. But, that you may undeiftand every 
+Thing in that Picture, obferve,. that the Creatures 
+which draw the Chariot are not Horfes* but Fear and 
+Terror. Sometimes Difcord goes before them in tatter’d 
+Garments, and Clamour and Anger go behind. Vet 
+fome fay, that Fear and Terror are Servants to Mars 3 
+and accordingly, he is not more 11 awful and imperious 
+in his Commands, than , they are b ready and exadf in 
+their Obedience; as we learn from the Poets. 
+
+P. Who is the Woman that drives the Chariot ? 
+
+M. She is jBellondy the c Goddefs of War, and the 
+Companion of Mars 5 or, as others lay, his Sifler, or 
+Wife, or both. She prepares for him his Chariot and 
+Horfes when he goes to fight. It is plain that fhe is 
+^called Be lion a from Bellum. She is otherwife. called 
+Duellona from Ducllum , or from che Greek Word 
+\Belone ] a Needle , whereof fhe is faid to be the Inven- 
+trefs. Her Priefts, the Bellonarii , lacrificed to her in 
+their own Blood : They d bold in each Hand naked 
+
+
+51 Fcr gale am, Be/loua, mihi , ncxvjque rot arum : 
+
+Tende, Peru or ; Frtcna rapidos, Fcrmtdo ; jugales . 
+
+My Helmet let Be lion a bring; Terror my Traces fit; 
+And, panic Fear, do thou the rapid Driver fit. 
+
+/ Claud. i?i Rttf. 
+
+b- J,i<vit medio in cert amine Majors, 
+
+Cnlat us ferro , triftcfquc ex at here Direr, 
+
+Ft fcijfci ga tide ns <vadil Difeordio pal!a , 
+
+Qnam cum fangtiiuco Jeqnitur Bel Ion a jiagcllo. 
+
+Mars in the Middle of the Alining Shield 
+Is grav’d, and ihicles along the liquid Field. 
+
+The Dirat come from Ilcav’n with quick .Dcfeent, 
+
+And Difcord dy’d in Blood, with Garments rent. 
+Divides the Prcfs : Her Steps Bcllona treads, 
+
+And fhakes her Iron Rod above their Heads. Firg.sEn. !>. 
+c Stilus. 1 . 4. Statius Thcb. 1 . 7. ,l Sedlis humeiiu 
+& utruque manu diilridlos gladios cxerenles, currunt, 
+
+efferuntur, infaniunt. JLattnivcuis, 1 . 1. c. 12. 
+
+Swords . 
+
+
+7 8 
+
+
+w 
+
+Of the Gods of the Hea thens 
+
+
+Swordwith which they cut their Shoulders, and zvildty 
+run up and down like Men ?nad and p°JpJJed : Whereupon 
+a People thought that (after the Sacrifice was ended) 
+they were able to foretel future Events. Claudian intro¬ 
+duces Bellona combing Snakes 5 and another b Poet de- 
+feribes her {linking a burning Torch, with her Hair 
+hanging loofe, ftained and clotted with BJood, and 
+running through the Midft of the Ranks of the Army, 
+and uttering horrid Shrieks and dreadful Groans. 
+
+Before the Temple of this Goddefs, there flood a. 
+Pillar called Bcllica , c over which the Herald threw a 
+Spear when he proclaimed War. 
+
+
+a Juven. Sat. 4, Lucan. 1 . i„ Eutrop. 
+b Iff a facietn quatiens, &fla ua?n/anguine mu Ito 
+Spar fa comam , vied: as acies Bellona per err at. 
+
+Stridet art area nigro Jub p eft ore Diva 
+
+Lcthifcrum murmur. . Sil. lib. 
+
+Her Torch Bdlona waving thro’ the Air, 
+
+Sprinkles with clotted Gore her flaming Hair, 
+
+And thro* both Armies up and down doth flee, 
+
+Wliiill from her horrid Break Ti/iphone 
+A dreadful Murmur fends. 
+c Alex, ab Aiexandro, 1 . 8. c. 12. 
+
+
+SECT. I. His Defccnt. 
+
+7 \/fdd R S is faid to be the Son of Jupiter and Juno, 
+dvJ- though, according to Ovid's Story, he is the Child 
+of Juno only : For, fays he, Juno greatly admired by 
+what Way poflible her Hufbaud J/piter had conceived 
+Minerva, and begot her himfelf, without the Concur¬ 
+rence of a Mother (as we fhall fee in the Hiflory of 
+Minerva ;) hut as foon as her Amazement eeafed d , flic, 
+being defirous of performing the like, went to Ocea*nt$ 
+to alkhis Advice, whether lhe could have a Child with- 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+d Ilomer, Iliad 5. Ilciiod. in Theog. 
+
+
+- Of the Gods of the Heathens . 75* 
+
+out her Hufband’s Concurrence- She was tired in her 
+Journey, and fat down at the Door of the Goddefs 
+Flora ; who, undemanding the Occafion of her Jour¬ 
+ney, defzrec] her to be of good Heart, for (he had in he? 
+Garden a Flower, which if fhe only touched with thet 
+Tips of her Fingers, the Smell of it would make her 
+conceive a Son prefemly. So "Juno was carried into the 
+Garden, and the Flower (hewn her; (he touched it, 
+and conceived Mars , who afterwards took to Wife 
+a Nerio , or A Ttr'tone, (which Word in the Sabine Lan¬ 
+guage fignifies h Valour and Strength) and from her the 
+Clauclian Family formerly derived the Name of Nero . 
+
+
+a Vide de la Cerda in Virgilii JEn, 1. 8. 
+Sc Robur fignificat. 
+
+
+* 
+
+% 
+
+
+b yirtutem. 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+SECT II. Names of M a r s. 
+
+I S Name n Mars fets forth the Power and Influ- 
+_ _ ence he has in War, where he prefides over the 
+Soldiers: And his other Name b Mavors (hews, that 
+all great Exploits are executed and brought about 
+through his Means. 
+
+The Greeks call him c>, A^c\ [Arcs] either from the 
+Deftruflion and Slaughter which he caufes ; or from 
+the <l Silence which is kept in War, where Adlions, 
+not 'Words, are necefiary. But from whatfoever 
+Words this Name is derived, it is certain that thofe fa¬ 
+mous Names, Areopagus and Arcopagita , are derived 
+from Arcs, The Areopagus , 7 A^o7cciyor 7 (that is the Hill 
+
+
+a Quod maribus in bcllo profit. b Quod magna vertat. 
+Yar. cle Ling. Lat. 3, c ’Ato rev uipnu tollere, vel Uvct if&iv 
+intcrlicerc, Cic. 5- de Natura. Phurnut. ,l Ab d non Sc l f .Z 
+loquor, on ivrZ vnfcef/.u> ov hoyvv u>je*Lgyut» yptUc. quod in hello, 
+ncccflaria non fint Verba fed Fa&a. S ui.das Paulhn. in A ttie. 
+
+3 w 
+
+
+, - - I 
+
+8 t> Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 
+
+or Mountain of Mars ) was a Place at Athens , in whicH^ 
+when Mars was accufed of Murder and Inceft, as 
+though he had killed Halirothius , Neptune's Son, and 
+debauched his Daughter Alcippa , he was forced to 
+defend himfelf in a Trial before twelve Gods, and 
+was acquitted by fix Voices ; from which that Place 
+became a Court, wherein were tried capital Caufes, 
+and the Things belonging to Religion. a The Areopa - 
+gltce were the Judges, whofe Integrity and good Credit 
+was fo great, that no Perfon could be admitted into 
+their Society, unlefs, when he delivered in public an 
+Account of his Life paft, he was found in every Parc 
+thereof blarnelefs. And, that the Lawyers who pleaded 
+might not blind the Eyes of the Judges by their Charms 
+of Eloquence, they were obliged to plead, their Caufes 
+without any Ornaments of Speech ; if they did other- 
+wife, they were immediately commanded to be filent. 
+And, left they fhould be moved to Compaffion by fee¬ 
+ing the miferable Condition of the Prifoners, they gave 
+Sentence in the Dark, without Lights, not by Words, 
+hut in a Pap6r; whence, when a Man is obferved to 
+fpealc very little, or nothing at all, they ufed prover¬ 
+bially to fay of him, that b He is as filent as one of the 
+Judges in the Areopagus . 
+
+His Name Gravidus comes from the Statelinefs in 
+c marching \ or from his Vigour in fl hrandijhing his 
+Spear. 
+
+He is called ^uirinus c from Curis , or Sharis 9 fig- 
+nifyinga Spear; from whence comes Securis quaft Semi- 
+curis , a Piece of a Spear . And this Name was after¬ 
+wards attributed to Romulus , c becaufe he was efteem- 
+cd the Son of Mars ; from whence the Romans were 
+
+
+a Bud scus in Pan deft. ult. dc lcn. b Areopagita tacit ur- 
+nior. Cic. ad Attic. 1 . i. c a gradiendo. d ’awo tow «f«- 
+oqc.Iv nvy /. c, ab halite vibralione. e Sen*, in ,/Encid. 
+
+. called 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens * 81 
+
+Called uiritesy b Grad'tvus is the Name of Mars when 
+he rages ; and §>uirinuS) when he is quiet. And ac¬ 
+cordingly there were two Temples at Rome dedicated 
+to him; one within the City, which was dedicated to 
+Mars Shtirinus, the Keeper of the City's Peace ; the 
+other without the City, near the Gate, to Mars Gra~ 
+divus the Warrior , and the Defender of the City a- 
+gainft all outward Enemies. 
+
+The ancient Latins applied to him the Title of c Salt- 
+fuhfulus , or Dancer , from Salio , becaufe his Temper is 
+very inconftant and uncertain, inclining fometimes to 
+this Side, and fometimes to that, in Wars: Whence 
+we fay, d that the Iflue of Battle is uncertain, and 
+the Chance dubious. But we muft not chink that 
+Mars was the only God of War : c for Bellona , Victo¬ 
+ria , SoL Luna , and Pluto ufe to be reckoned in the 
+Number of Martial Deities. It was ufual with the La¬ 
+cedemonians to fliackle the Feet of the Image of Mars y 
+that he Ihould not fly from them : And amongft the 
+Romans , the Priefts Salii were inftituted to look after 
+the Sacrifices of Mars y and go about the City dancing 
+with their Shields. 
+
+He was called f Enyalius , from Enyo , that is, Bellona , 
+and by fuch-like Names ; but it is not worth my while 
+to infift upon them longer. 
+
+b Idem. ibid. c Pacuv. in Nonn. d Mars belli commu¬ 
+nis eft, Cic. 1 . 6. ep. 4. c Servius in 11. ^Encid. f Vide 
+Lil. Gyr. 
+
+SECT. III. Aftions of Mars. 
+
+I T is ftrange, that the Poets relate only one A 61 ioa 
+of this terrible God ; and even that deferves to be 
+concealed in Darknefs, if the Light of the Sun had 
+not difcovered it j and if a good Kernel was not 
+contained in a bad Shell. The Story of Mars and 
+Verna* s Adultery, from whence b Hermione , a tutelar 
+
+u Plutarch, in Pelopida. 
+
+G 
+
+
+Deity, 
+
+
+82 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Deity, was born, was fo publickly known, that a Ovid 
+concludes that every body knows it. Sol had no fooner 
+difcovered it, but he immediately acquainted Vulcan , 
+Venus's Hufband, with his Wife’s Trfcachery. Vulcan 
+hereupon made a Net of Iron, whofe Links were fo 
+fmall and {lender, that it was invifible \ and fpread it 
+over the Bed of Vemss, Soon after the Lovers return to 
+their Sport, and were caught in the Net. Vulcan calls 
+all the Gods together to the Shew, who jeered them 
+extremely b . And, after they had long been expofed to 
+the Jeft and HHIes of the Company, Vulcan , at the Re- 
+queft of Neptune , unloofes their Chains, and gives them 
+their Libeity : But Aleftryon , Mars's Favourite, fuf- 
+fered the Punifhment that his Crime deferved; be- 
+caufe, when he was appointed to watch, he fell a - 
+fleep, and fo gave Sol an Opportunity to flip into the 
+Chamber. Therefore Mars changed him into a Cock , 
+which to this Day is c fo mindful of his old Fault, that 
+he conftantly gives Notice of the Approach of the Sun, 
+by his Crowing. 
+
+
+a Fabula narrciUir , toto ccelo, 
+
+Mulciberis cafti Marfque Venufque dolis ♦ Ovid. 
+
+The Fable’s told thro’ Heaven far and wide, 
+b How Mars and Venus were by Vulcan ty’d. 
+
+Virg. 2. JEne id. 
+
+c Grace ’AXEttTfvdv, i. e. G alius. 
+
+
+SECT. IV. The Signification of the foregoing 
+
+Fable . 
+
+L E T us explain this Fable. Indeed when a Venus 
+is married to a Vulcan , that is, a very handfome 
+Woman to a very ugly Man, it is a great Occafion of 
+Adultery. But nciiher can that Difhonefty, or any 
+other, cfcape the Knowledge of the Sun of Rightcoujnefs 
+although they may be done in the obfeureft Darknels; 
+though they be with the utmoft Care guarded by the 
+
+truftieft 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+truftieft Pimps in the World; though they be commit¬ 
+ted in the private# Retirement, and concealed with th$ 
+greateft Art, they will at one Time or other be expofed 
+to both the Infernal and Celeftial Regions, in the bright- 
+eft Light; when the Offenders (hall be fet in the Mid ft, 
+bound by the Chains of their Confcience, by that faL- 
+len Vulcan , who is the Inftrument of the Terrors o£ 
+the true Jupiter ; and then they fhall hear and fuffer 
+the Sentence, that was formerly threatened to David » 
+in this Life, Thou didft this Thing fecretly; hut I will da 
+this Thing before all I fra el, and before the Sun y 2 Sam. 
+xii. 12. 
+
+But let us return again to Mars , or rather to the 
+Son of Mars , Tereus y who learnt Wickednefs from his 
+Father’s Example 5 for, as the Proverb fays, a bad Fa¬ 
+ther makes a bad Child . 
+
+
+
+SECT. V. 
+
+
+of M 
+
+
+of T 
+
+
+CT^E REUS was the Son of Mars , begotten of the 
+Nymph Biflonis . a He married Progne the Daugh¬ 
+ter of Pandion y King of Athens , when he himfeff was 
+King of Thrace . This Progne had a Sifter called 
+Philomela , a Virgin in Modefty and Beauty inferior 
+to none. She lived with her Father at Athens . Prognc y 
+being defirous to fee her Sifter, afked Tereus to fetch 
+Philomela to her ; he complied, and went to Athens , 
+and brough t . Philomela, with her Father’s Leave, to 
+Progne. Upon this Occafion, Tereus falls defperate- 
+ly in Love with Philomela ; and as they travelled 
+together, becaufe (he refufed to comply with his De¬ 
+fires, he overpowered h<er, and cut out her Tongue, 
+and threw her into a Gaol; and, returning afterwards 
+to his Wife, pretended, with the greateft AlTurance, that 
+
+
+a Ovid. Metam. 6. 
+
+G 2 
+
+
+Phihr 
+
+
+
+84 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Philomela & ied in her Journey; and, that this Story might 
+appear true, he Ihed many Tears, and put on Mourning. 
+But a Injuries whet the Wit, and Defire of Revenge 
+makes People cunning: For, Philomela , though Ihe was 
+dumb, found out a Way to tell her Sifter the Villainy 
+of T’ereus. The Way the difcovered the Injuries done 
+to her was this ; the defcribed the Violence Tereus of¬ 
+fered her as well as (he could, in Embroidery/ and 
+fends the Work folded up to her Sifter, who no fooner 
+viewed it, but Ihe boiled with Rage; and was fo tran- 
+fported with Paflion, that Ihe could b not fpeak, her 
+Thoughts being wholly taken up in contriving how 
+Ihe Ihould avenge the Affront. Firft then Ihe haftened 
+to her Sifter, and brought her Home without Tereus ’s 
+Knowledge. Whilft Ihe was thus meditating Revenge, 
+her young Son Itys came embracing his Mother ; but 
+Ihe carried him aftde into the remote Parts of the Houfe, 
+and flew him while c he hung about her Neck, and 
+called her Mother : When Ihe had killed him, Ihe 
+cut him into Pieces, and drefFed the Flelh, and gave it 
+Tereus for Supper; Tercus d fed heartily on his own 
+
+a . .. . Grande doloris 
+
+Ingen turn ejl , ?niferifque *venit folertia rebus. 
+
+Defire of Vengeance makes the Invention quick. 
+
+When, miferable. Help with Craft we feek. 
+b Et (minim potuiffe !) filet ; dolor ora reprcffit , 
+
+Verbaque queer enti fat is mdignantia ling not 
+Dtfuerant , nec Jlcre <vacat : fed fafque nefafque 
+Confufura rutty pcetucquc in imagme tot a eft . 
+
+She held her Peace, ‘tis ilrange: Grief ftruck her mute. 
+No Language could with fuch a Paflion fuit. 
+
+Nor had fhe Time to weep : Right, Wrong were mixt 
+In her fell Thoughts her Soul on Vengeance fixt. 
+c Et ?nater y mater , cla?nantem & coll a pc tent cm 
+Enfc ferit z 
+
+• -- He Mother, Mother, cries, 
+
+And on her clings, whilft by her Sword he dies. 
+d Vefcitury inquefuam fua <vifcera conger it alvum . 
+
+• -7 -- - — — does eat. 
+
+And his own Flofh and Blood docs make his Meat, 
+
+Plefh 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 8 $ 
+
+Flelh and Blood. And when after Supper he lent fo** 
+his Son Itysj a Progne told him what fhe had done, and 
+ihewed his Son’s Head. Tereus , incenfed with Rage, 
+rufiied on them both with his drawn Sword; but they 
+fled away, and Fear added Wings to their Flight; fo 
+that Progne became a Swallow, and Philomela a Nightr 
+ingale. Fury gave Wings to Tereus himfelf; he was 
+changed into a TVhoopo (TJpupa) which is one of the fi!- 
+thieft of all Birds. The Gods out of Pity changed Itys 
+into a Pheafant . 
+
+
+a In/us babes quodpofcis, ait, Circumfpicit ille 
+jQtqae ubz Jit, queer it ; queerenti, iterumque *uocanti , 
+
+Projiluit, ItyoJ'que caput Philomela cruentum 
+Mi/it in ora pair is. 
+
+Thou haft, faid Ihe, within thee thy Delire. 
+
+He looks about, afks where. And while again 
+He afks and calls ; all bloody with the Slain, 
+
+Forth like a Fury Philo?nela flew. 
+
+And at his Face the Head of Itys threw. 
+
+SECT. VI. The Sacrifices o/Mars. 
+
+T O Mars b were facrificed the Wolf for his Fierce- 
+
+nefs ; the Horfe for his Ufefulnefs in War ; the 
+Woodpecker and the Vultur for their Ravenoufnefs ; 
+the Cock for his Vigilance, which Virtue Soldiers 
+ought chiefly to have ; alftd Grafs, becaufe it grows in 
+Towns that the War. leaves without an Inhabitant ; 
+and is thought to come up the quicker in fuch Places 
+as have been moiftened with human Blood. 
+
+Amongft the moft ancient Rites belonging to Mars, 
+I do not know a more memorable one than the follow- 
+ing : c Whoever had undertaken the Conduit of any War , 
+
+
+b Virgil. Alr\* 9. c Qui belli alicujus fufeeperat cumin, 
+facrarium Martisingrcflus, primft Anci]iacommovcbat,pofl: 
+haftam finiulacri ipfius ; dicons, Mars . Vigila . Servius. 
+
+G 3 he 
+
+
+86 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+he went into the Veflry of the "Temple of Mars ; and firji 
+fhaked the Ancilia (which were a Sort of holy Shields) af± 
+ter wards the Spear of the Image of Mars it],elf\ and jaid , 
+Mars* Watch* 
+
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+The Celejlial Goddejfes. Juno. 
+
+4 
+
+have viewed the Five Celeftial Gods; 
+¥ now look upon the Celeftial Goddefles that 
+follow them there in Order. Firft obferve Juno , rid¬ 
+ing in a a golden Chariot* drawn by Peacocks, diftih- 
+guifhed by a Sceptre, which (he holds in her Hand, 
+and wearing a Crown that is fet about with Rofes and 
+Lillies. 
+
+I 
+
+She is the Queen of the Gods, and both the h Sifter 
+and Wife of Jupiter. Her Father was c Saturn , and 
+her Mother Ops: She was born in the Ifland Samos 
+where (he lived till fhe was married 
+
+* i 
+
+P. Really {he carries a very majeftick Look. How 
+bright, how majeftical, how beautiful is that Face, how 
+comely are all her Limbs ? How well does a Sceptre be¬ 
+come thofe Hands, and a Crown that Head ? How much 
+Beauty is there in her Smiles ? How much Graccfulnefs 
+in her Breaft ? Who could refift fuch Charms, and 
+not fall in Love, when he fees fo many Graces? Her 
+Carriage is {lately, her Drefs elegant and fine. She is 
+full of Majefty, and worthy of the grcateft Admiration; 
+But what pretty Damfel is that which waits upon her, 
+as if {lie were her Servant ? 
+
+
+:l Ovid. Metam. z. Apuleius, 1 , io. 
+
+b .- f onjifjae 
+
+'Bt for or £ 3 ” conjux 
+Apollon. i ? Argon. 
+
+
+Virg. 1. dll n. 
+
+4m 
+
+M. It 
+
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+Pi/vir. 
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+2\r<ie <? t’ 
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+
+■Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+_ # 
+
+M. It is Iris, a the Daughter of Tbaumas and Elec - 
+tra, and Sifter to the Harpyes. She is 'Juno s Meflen^- 
+ger, as Mercury is Jupiter's, though Jupiter and the o- 
+ther Gods, the Furies, nay, fometimes Men, have fent 
+her on a MefTage. Becaufe of her Swifmefs fhe is 
+painted with Wings, and file rides on a Rainbow, as 
+h Ovid fays. 
+
+It is her Office befides to unloofe the Souls of JVomeii 
+from the Chains of the Body, as Mercury unloofes the 
+'Men's. We have an Example of this in Dido, who laid 
+violent Hands on herfelfj for, when fhe was almoft 
+dead, Juno fent Iris to loofe her Soul from her Body, 
+as c Virgil largely deferibes it in the Fourth Book of the 
+/Eneid, 
+
+But herein Iris differs from Mercury ; for whereas 
+he is fent both from Heaven and from Hell, fhe is fent 
+
+
+a Virg. 2. JEn. 2. Norm. 20. Idem. 3 1.IJomer. Iliad 23. , 
+b Ejfngit , £sf. re me at per quos mo do vencrat arcus. \ 
+
+On the fame Bow fhe went fhe foon returns. Ov. Met. z. 
+c T'um Juno om?iipotens longum miferata dolor cm, 
+
+Dijficilefque obitus, lrim demi/it Olympo : 
+
+Sht.a lu&cmtcm animum, ncxofque rtfotocret art us. 
+
+Ergo Iris croccis per ccvlum rojeida penn/s. 
+
+Mi lie trahens njarios ad-verfo Sole col ores, 
+
+Devolat, fupra caput ajiitit. Hunc ego Diti 
+Sacrum jnjja fero, teque ijlo corpore folvo : 
+
+Sic ait ., G dextra crincm fee at, omnis 13 unci 
+Vilapfus color, atquc in <vcnios vita rcccflit. 
+
+Then Juno , grieving that fhe Hiould iuflain 
+A Death fo lingering and fo full of Pain, 
+
+Sent Iris down to free her from the Strife 
+Of iab’ring Nature, and difl’olve her Life. 
+
+Downward the various Goddefs took her Flight, 
+
+And drew a thoufand Colours from the Light: 
+
+Then Hood'about the dying Lover’s Head, 
+
+And laid 1 thus devote thee to the Dead. 
+
+
+This Off’ring to th* Infernal Gods I bear. 
+Thus while fhe fpoke, llie cut the fatal Hair 
+'Fhe lirugglingSoul was loos’d and Life dillbh' 
+
+G a. 
+
+
+
+88 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+rora Heaven only a . He oftentimes was employed in 
+Meflages of Peace, whence he was called the b Peace¬ 
+maker : But Iris was always fent to promote Strife and 
+Diflenfion, as if fhe was the Goddefs of Difcord : And 
+therefore fome think that her c Name was given her 
+from the Contention which fhe perpetually creates ; 
+though others fay, fhe was called d Iris, becaufe fhe 
+delivers her Meflages by Speech, and not in Writing. 
+
+
+a Hefiod. in Theog. b E^«vo<croio ? , i. e. Pacificator, Vid. 
+Serv. in ^Eneid. 4. c "ipig quail "Eptf Contentio, Servius 
+d n otpcc to i^cTv, a loquendo. 
+
+% 
+
+% 
+
+SECT. I. The Children of Juno. 
+
+Her Difpojition . 
+
+P. HAT Children had Juno by Jupiter ? 
+
+V V M \ Vulcan , Mars , and Hebe. 0 Although 
+fome write that Hebe had no other Parent than Juno , 
+and was born in the Manner following : Before Juno 
+had any Children, file eat fome wild Lettuces, fet before 
+her at a Feaft in Jupiter's Houfe $ and growing on a 
+fuddcn big-bellied fhe brought forth Hebe , who. Tor her 
+extraordinary Beauty, was, by Jupiter , made Goddefs 
+of Youth, and had the Office of Cup-bearer of Jupiter 
+given to her. * But when by an unlucky Fall fhe made 
+all the Guefls laugh, Jupiter was enraged, turned her 
+out from her Office, and put Ganymede in her Stead, 
+
+P Which was Juno's moft notorious Fault ? 
+
+M. Jealonfy: I will give one or two of the many 
+In fiances of it. Jupiter loved lo , the Daughter of Ina- 
+chus ; and enjoyed her. When Juno obferved that 
+Jupiter was abfent from Heaven, fhe juftly fufpe£ted 
+
+
+f 
+
+
+c Pnpfan, in Corinth. 
+
+
+that 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+that thePurfuit of his Amours was the Caufeof his Ab- 
+fence. Therefore fhe immediately flew down to the 
+Earth after him, and luckily found the very Place, 
+where Jupiter and lo entertained themfelves in private. 
+As foon as Jupiter perceived her coming, fearing a 
+Chiding, he turned the young Lady into a white Cow. 
+Juno> feeing theCow,afked who {he was, and from what 
+Bull fhe came? Says Jupiter , fhe was horn on afudden 
+out of the Earth. The cunning Goddefs, fufpe&ing 
+the Matter, deflred to have the Cow, which Jupiter 
+could not refufe, left he fhould increafe her Sufpicion* 
+So Juno , taking the Cow, b gave it Argus to keep; 
+which Argus had an hundred Eyes, two of which in 
+their Turns flept, while the others watched. 
+
+Thus was lo under conftant Confinement; nor was 
+the perpetual Vigilance of her Keeper her only Mif- 
+fortune; for, befides, fhe was fed with nothing but 
+infipid Leaves and bitter Herbs, which Hardfhip Jupiter 
+could not endure to fee. Wherefore he fent Mercury 
+to Argus to.fet lo free. Mercury , under the Difguife 
+of a Shepherd, came to Argus . and with the Mulick 
+of his Pipe lulled him afleep, and then cut off his 
+Head. Juno was grieved at Argus’s Death, and to 
+
+
+
+
+—— Sernjavdam tradidit Argo f 
+Centum h minibus cinttum caput Argus bah chat : 
+hide juis vicibiu capiebant bin a quiet cm : 
+
+Cetera fer<vabant , atque in Jlat tone mane bant, 
+
+ConJHterat quuunque loco, fpettabat ad Jo, 
+
+Ante oculos lo , quamvis aojerfus habebat. 
+
+The Goddefs then 10 Argus ftraight convey'd 
+Her Gift, and him the watchful Keeper made. 
+
+Argus’s Head an hundred Eyes pofTeft; 
+
+And only two at once declin’d to Reft: $ 
+
+The others watch’d, and in a conftant Round, 
+Refrcfhmcnt in alternate Courfes found. 
+
+Where’er he turn’d lie always lo view’d, 
+
+Jo he fa w, tho’ fhe behind him Hood. Ovid, 1. Met am. 
+
+make 
+
+
+
+9 ° Of i ^ oe Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+* make him fome Amends, fhe turned him into a Pea¬ 
+cock, and c fcattered his hundred Eyes about the Tail 
+of the Bird. Nor did her Rage again# to ceafe, for 
+fhe committed her to the Furies to be tormented. De- 
+fpair and Anguifh made her flee into Egypt, where fhe 
+begged of Jupiter to reftore her to her former Shape. 
+Her Requeft being granted, file thenceforth took the 
+Name of Ifts^ the Goddefs of the Egyptians , and was 
+worshipped with Divine Honour. 
+
+Juno gave another clear Mark of her Jealoufy. d For, 
+when her Anger againft Jupiter was fo violent, that 
+nothing could pacify her ? KingCitbatron c advifed Ju¬ 
+piter to declare that he intended to take another Wife. 
+The Contrivance pleafed him, wherefore he takes an 
+oaken Image, dreffed very beautifully, and puts it into 
+a Chariot, and declares pubiickly, that he was about to 
+marry Plataa the Daughter of JEfopus . - The Report 
+pread, and came to Julio's Ears; who, immediately, 
+running thither, fell furioufiy upon the Image, and tore 
+all the Cloaths, till file difcovered the Jcfl:; and Laugh¬ 
+ing very much, fhe was reconciled to her Hufband : 
+And from King Citharon , the Advifer of the Artifice, 
+file was afterwards called Githcerania . The reft of the 
+
+moft confiderable of her Names follow* 
+
+* 
+
+
+# 
+
+* 
+
+c - Cent unique oculos nox occupat una> 
+
+Excipit bos, ''votu'crijque fucc Saturnia p emits 
+Collocat , gemmis c cat dam Jiellantibns implet . 
+
+There Jlrgns lies; and all that wond’rous Light, 
+Which gave his hundred Eyes their ufeful Sight, 
+Lies buried now in one eternal Night. 
+
+But Jttvo , that fiie might his Eyes retain, 
+
+Soon fix’d them in her gaudy Peacock's Train. 
+d Doroth. de Nat, Fabuhe. c Plut, in Arill. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+9 * 
+
+
+SECT. II. Names of Juno. 
+
+fjN T HI A? i. e. Florida , Flowery: f Paufanias 
+mentions her Temple. 
+
+Argiva from the People s Argivi; amongfl whom the 
+Sacrifices called [ Heraia~\ were celebrated to her 
+
+Honour; in which an Hecatomb , that is, an Hundred 
+Oxen, were facrificed to her. They made her Image of 
+Gold and Ivory, holding a Pomegranate in one Hand, 
+and a Sceptre in the other; upon the Top of which 
+flood a Guckow? becaufe ‘Jupiter changed himfelf into 
+that Bird, when he fell in Love with her. 
+
+Bumea , from h Ennaus the Son of Mercury , who 
+built a Temple to this Goddefs at Corinth . 
+
+Calendaris , from the old Word 1 Calo , to cnll\ for 
+fhe was called upon by the Priefts, upon the firfl Days 
+of every Month ; which Days are called Cahndce. 
+
+Caprotind , k on the Nones of July? that is, on the 
+7th Day, Maid-fervants celebrated her Feftival, toge¬ 
+ther with feveral Free*women, and offered Sacrifices to 
+Juno under a wild Fig-tree (Caprificus) in Memory ol 
+that extraordinary Virtue, which dircdled the Maid- 
+fervantsof Rbme to thofe Counfels, which preferved the 
+Honour of the Roman Name. For after the Gity was 
+taken, and the Gallick Tumults quieted, fhe Borderers 
+having an Opportunity almoft to opprefs the Ro?nans y 
+who had already fufFered fo much ; they fent an f ie- . 
+raid to tell the Romans , that, if they defired to favc tlw: 
+Remainder of their City from Ruin, they muft fend all 
+their Wives and Daughters. The Senate being fl rnnge- 
+Jy dillraiSled hereat, a Maid-fervant, whofeName was 
+Pbitotis or Tutcla; telling her Dcfign to the Senate? 
+took with her feveral other Maid-fervants, drelied them 
+
+
+f In Corinth, c Doroth. 1 . 2. Met fo Paufan. 11 Pan- 
+fan. in Corinth. 1 Macrob. in Sat. k Plutarch. fo Ovii. 
+do Arte Amandi, Var. de Ling. Lat. 
+
+
+Jikc 
+
+
+gz Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+like Miftrefles of Families, and like Virgins, and went 
+with them to the Enemy. Levy , the Dictator, difperf- 
+ed them about the Camp 5 and they incited the Men to 
+drink much, becaufe they faid that was a Fefttval Day: 
+The Wine made the Soldiers deep fbundly; whereupon 
+a Sign being given from a wild Fig-tree, the Romans 
+came and flew all the Soldiers, The Romans were not 
+forgetful of this great Service ; for they made all thefe 
+Maid-fervants free, and gave them Portions out of the 
+publick Treafury: They ordered that the Day ihould 
+be called Non& Gaprotince , from the wild Fig-tree, from 
+whence they had the Sign : And they ordered an Anni- 
+verfary Sacrifice to J uno Caprotina , to be celebrated un¬ 
+der a wild Fig-tree, the Juice of which was mixed with 
+the Sacrifices in Memory of the Action. 
+
+. Curts or Curitis , from her Spear 2 - called Curts in the 
+Language of the old Sabines. The Matrons were un- 
+derftood to be under her Guardianfhip; whence, fays 
+b Plutarch , the Spear is facred to her, and many of her 
+Statues lean upon Spears, and fhe herfelf is called 
+rites and Curitis . Hence fprings the Cuftom, that the 
+Bride combs her Hair with a c Spear found flicking in 
+the Body of a Gladiator, and taken out of him when 
+dead, which Spear was called Hafla Celt harts. 
+
+Cingula * d from the Girdle which the Bride wore 
+when lhe was led to her Marriage j for this Girdle was 
+unloofed with Juno 9 s good Leave, who was thought 
+the Patronefs of Marriage . 
+
+Dominduca and Interduca , c from bringing Home the 
+Bride to her Hujband's Houfi . 
+
+Egeria, f becaufe Jhe promoted , as they believed , the 
+Facility of the Birth . 
+
+;l Fcllus. b In Romulo. c Crinis nubentium comc- 
+batur hnllacelibari,qufefcilicet incorporcgladiatoris fletif- 
+fet abjcifli occifiqne. Arnob. contra Gcntes. <l A cin- 
+gulo. Marian, do Nnpt. c A dneenda uxorein domum 
+mariti. Aiigulh 7. do Civit. f Qubd cam partui egerendo 
+opitulari crcrdercnt. Feltus. 
+
+FehruaVts , 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 93 
+
+Februalis , Feb mat a ^ Februa y or Februla , a becaufe 
+they facrificed to her in the Month of February . b Her 
+Feftival was celebrated on the fame Day with Pan's 
+Feafls, when the Luperci , the Priefts of Pan , the God of 
+Shepherds , running naked through the City, and c flri- 
+king the Hands and Bellies of breeding Women with 
+'Juno's Cloak (that is, with the Skin of a Goat) fl purified 
+them ; and they thought that this Ceremony caufed to 
+the Women Fruitfulnefs and eafy Labours. All Sorts 
+of Purgation in any Sacrifices were called Februa ; ami 
+the Animals facrificed to Juno c were a white Cow, a 
+Swine, and a Sheep. The Goofe alfo, and the Pea¬ 
+cock, were facred to her. 
+
+Fluonia , f becaufe fhe affifled Women in their Courfes. 
+
+Hoplofmia , that is, g armed completely , fhe was wor- 
+fhipped at Elis j and from hence Jupiter is called Ho- 
+plofmrus . . 
+
+h J u S a ’> becaufe (he is the Go delefs of Marriages. * A 
+Street in Rome y where her Altar flood, was called Ju - 
+garius from thence. And anciently People ufed to en¬ 
+ter into the Yoke of Marriage at that Altar. She is alfo* 
+by fome, called Socigena , becaufe k fhe affifts in the cou¬ 
+pling the Bride and Bridegroom. 
+
+Lacina , from the Temple Lacinium , built and dedi¬ 
+cated to her by 1 Lacinius . 
+
+Lucina , and Lucilia , either from m the Grove, in 
+which fhe had a Temple, or from the Light of this 
+World, into which Infants are brought by her. 11 Ovid 
+
+a Ex Sext. Pomp. b Cum Lupercalibus. c Ovid. 2. 
+Faliorum. d Februabant, id eil s purgabnnt. Cic. 2. Phil. 
+e Virg. 4. JEn. Idem 8. Idem 4. f Ovid. ibid. Quod 
+fluoribus menllruis adefl. e Lil. Gyrald. h Et Graxe 
+Zvyicc a jugo autconjugio. Serv, 4. ^En. J Felt us. 
+
+!; Qubd nubentes afibciet. 1 Sirab. 1 . 6. Liv. 1 . 24, 
+w A luco vel luce. Var. do Ling. Lat. 
+
+11 Gratia Lucina, dedit bate ttbi no min a Lucks, 
+
+Fel quia principium tu, dca , litas babes. 
+
+Lucina , hail, fo nam’d from thy own Grove, 
+
+Or from the Light thou givTt us from above. FaJL L 2. 
+
+1 computes 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+comprifes both thefe Significations of Lucian in a Di~ 
+ftich. 
+
+Moneta^ 2 either becaufe {he gives wholefome Coun- 
+fel to thofe who confult her, or becaufe {he was believ¬ 
+ed to be the Goddefs of Money . 
+
+h 'Nuptialis ; and when they facrificed to her under this 
+Name, ] they took the Caul out of the ViCtim, and caft 
+it behind the Altar ; to fignify, that there ought to.be no 
+Gall of Anger betwixt thofe who are married together. 
+
+Opigena^ becaufe fhe gives k Help toWomen in Labour. 
+
+Partbenos , the Virgin ; or 1 Partbenia , Virginity; and 
+fhe was fo called, as™ we are told, from hence: There 
+was a Fountain, amongft the Argivi , called Canathus , 
+where 'Juno , wafhing herfelf every Year, was thought 
+to recover her Virginity anew. 
+
+Perfe&a , that is, PerfeCf: For n Marriage was efteem- 
+ed the Perfection of human Life, and unmarried People 
+imperfeCf. Wherefore fhe did not become perfect, 
+nordeferve that Name till {he married Jupiter . 
+
+Populona , or Populonia , ° becaufe People pray to her ; 
+or becaufe they are procreated from Marriage, of which 
+file is a Goddefs. 
+
+And for the fame Reafonfhe was called p Pronuba: 
+Neither indeed were any Marriages lawful, unlefs Juno 
+was firft called upon. 
+
+Regina^ Queen: and this Title fhe gives herfelf, as 
+we read in ‘i Virgil. 
+
+" Vel quod roddat monita falutarfa, vel quod fitDeamo- 
+nctr, id eft, pecuniar, Liv. 1 . 7. Suid. Ovid. Epift. Parid. 
+
+h Greece 1 Eufcb. 3. Prscp. Evang. Pint, 
+
+in Sympof. k Opem in partu laborantibus fert. Lil. Gy- 
+rald. 1 Pindar, in Hymn, Olymp. m Paufan. in Co¬ 
+rinth. " Jul. Pollux. I. 3. Apud Gmecos codem fenfu Ju¬ 
+no vccabatur & conjugium ipfumTEXooi', quod vitam 
+
+humanam redd at perfect am. Vide Scholia ft. Pindar. Od. 9. 
+Veme. ® Aug. 6. de Civit. Macrob. 6. Saturn. 
+
+P Scncca in Medea. 
+
+
+n Aji ego, qiuc Divum incedo Regina, Jovifque 
+lit Soy or 6c Conju.w 
+
+
+JE n. 1 . 
+Sofpita > 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 95 
+
+; S of pit a ^ a becaufe all the Women were fuppofed to 
+be under her Safeguard, every one of which had a 
+Juno , as every Man had his Genius. 
+
+Unxia was another of her Names, b becaufe the Pofis 
+of the Door were anointed, where a new-married Cou¬ 
+ple lived; whence the Wife was called c Uxor, 
+
+
+But I who walk in awful State above ; 
+
+The Majefty of Heaven, Siiler and Wife of Jove. 
+a A fofpitando Cic. de Nat. b Ab ungendo. Lil. Gy- 
+raid, c Quafi Unxor, ab ungendis poilibus. 
+
+SECT. III. 
+
+The Signification of the Fable . Juno the Air ■ 
+
+I F we regard Varrows Account, by Juno was figni- 
+fied the Earthy and by Jupiter the Heavens. By the 
+Marriage of which two, that is, by the Commixture of 
+the Influences of the Heavens with the Vapours of the • 
+Earth, all Things almofl are generated. 
+
+But, if we believe the Stoicks, by Juno is meant the 
+Air ; for that, as Tully fay, d lying between the Earth 
+and the Heavens, is confecrated by the Name of Juno ; 
+And what makes this Conjecture more probable, the 
+Greek c Names of Juno and the Air have great Affinity 
+and Likenefs. Juno is called Jupiter's Wife ; f be¬ 
+caufe the Air, being naturally cold, is warmed by Ju¬ 
+piter ^ that is, by Fire. She is called Acria G ; becaufe 
+file is the Air itfelf, or rules in the Air; and hence a- 
+rifes the Story that Juno is bound by Jupiter with 
+golden Chains, iron Anvils being hung at her Feet: 
+Hereby the Ancients fignified, that the Air, though na- 
+
+
+d Aer interjeChis inter coclum &■ terram Junouis nomine 
+confecratus eft. Cicero 2. de Natura. 
+
+
+c * A wp r, H ect m 
+
+f Hellenic, in &©$ qn%.o\oy*pt 9 Horn. Iliad, 5. 
+s Phurnut. 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Htat hens* 
+
+
+rurally more like Fire> yet it was fometimes mingled 
+with Earth and Water, the heavieft Elements. 
+
+And, as I mentioned before, every Woman had f 
+Juno , and every Man had a Genius j which were their 
+
+Tutelar or Guardian Angels a . 
+
+
+
+a Sen. Epift. 310. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XI, 
+
+SECT. I. Minerva or Pallas. 
+
+Her Image . 
+
+
+P, HIS is a threatening Goddefs, and carries 
+A nothing but Terror in her Afpe£t v 
+M, It is Minerva , who derives her Name, as fome 
+think? b from the Threats of her ftern and fierce Look. 
+
+P. But why is fhe cloathed with Armour , rather 
+than with Women’s Cloaths ? c What means that 
+Head piece of Gold, and the Creft that glitters fo ? To 
+what Purpofe has fhe a golden Breaft-plate, and a 
+Lance in her Right-hand, and a terrible Shield in her 
+Left ? On the Shield which fhe holds, I fee a grifly 
+Head befet with Snakes. And what means the Cock 
+and the Owl, that are painted there ? 
+
+M. I will fatisfy all your Demands. She ought to 
+be armed, rather than drefled in Women’s Cloaths, 
+becaufe fhe is d the Prefident and Inventrefs of War. 
+The Cock ftands by her becaufe he is a fighting Bird; 
+and is often painted fitting on her Head-piece; as does 
+the Owl, of which by and by. But as for the Head 3 
+which feems fo formidable with Snakes, fhe not only 
+carries it on her Shield,, but fometimes alfo in the 
+Mid ft of her Bread: It is the Head of Medufa 3 one of 
+
+
+h Minerva dicitur a minis. c Apollon. 90. 
+H. Aineid. Cic, de Nat. Deor. I. 3, 
+
+
+
+1*1.VIII 
+
+
+r# 
+
+
+'UJt' ,}<>. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 97 
+
+Gorgons , of which ° Virgil gives a beautiful Defcription. 
+The BafiJifk alfo is facred to her, to denote the great 
+Sagacity of her Mind, and the dreadful Effects of her 
+Courage, (he being the Goddefs both of Wifdom and of 
+War; for, the Eye of the Bafilifk is not only piercing 
+enough to difcover the fmalleft: Objedt, but it is able to 
+ftrike dead into whatsoever Creature it looks on. But, 
+I believe, you do not obferve ail Olive-Crown upon the 
+Head of this Goddefs. 
+
+P . It efcaped my Notice; nor do I yet fee why the 
+Goddefs of War Should be crowned with an Olive , which 
+is an E?nhlem of Peace ; as, I remember, I have read in 
+p Virgil . 
+
+M. For that very Reafon, becaufe it is the E?nblem * 
+
+« # # % * J * . * % * • *• * 
+
+of Peace it ought to be given to the Goddefs of War : 
+For, War is only made that Peace may follow. Tho* 
+there is another Reafon too, why fhe wears the Olive : 
+For, fhe firft taught Mankind the Ufe of that Tree. 
+When Cecrops built a new City, Neptune and Minerva 
+contending about the Name of that City, it was refol- 
+ved, that whichfoever of the two Deities found out the 
+moil: ufeful Creature to Man, fhould give their Name 
+to the City. Neptune, brought a Horfe, and Minerva. 
+caufed an Olive to fpring out of the Earth, which was 
+judged a more ufeful Creature for Man than the Horfe t 
+
+
+0 JEgidaque h or rif cram , turbata? Palladis Anna, 
+
+Cert at bn fquammis ferpentwn , auroque pplibant, 
+
+C annex ofque angties ; ipfatnque in peftore Di-vat 
+Gorgana, defetto vertentem lamina coilo . 
+
+The reft refreili the fcaly Snakes that fold 
+The Shield of Pallas, and renew their Goid : 
+
+Full on the Creft the Gorgon* s Head they place. 
+
+With Eyes that roll in Death and with diftorted Face. 
+
+JEncid . 8. 
+
+P Paciferdqttc manu ramum frectendit olivat. 
+
+And in her Hand a Branch of peaceful Olive bears. 
+Plut. in Thenuftoc. Iierod. Terpfich- 
+
+II 
+
+
+There- 
+
+
+
+98 Of the Cods of the Heathens . 
+
+Therefore Minerva named the City, and called it A- 
+thencey after her own Name, in Greek ’aQW. 
+
+
+SECT, II, The Birth of Minerva. 
+
+
+H lftory mentions five 3 Minerva's. We fhall fpeak 
+
+of that only which was born of Jupiter , and to 
+whom the reft are referred. 
+
+P. But how was fhe born ? 
+
+M\ I will tell you, if you do not know, though it is 
+ridiculous. When Jupiter faw that his Wife Juno was 
+barren, he through Grief ftruck his Forehead, and after 
+three Months brought forth Minerva •, from whence, 
+as fome fay, (he was called b Tritonia ; Vulcan was his 
+Midwife, c who, opening his Brain with the Blow* of 
+an Hatchet, was amazed, when he faw d an armed Vi¬ 
+rago leaping out of the Brain of the Father, inftead of 
+a tender, little, naked Girl. 
+
+Some have faid, that c Jupiter conceived this Daugh¬ 
+ter when he had devoured Metis , one of his Wives, 
+with which Food he prefently grew big, and brought 
+forth the armed Pallas , 
+
+They fay befides, f that it rained Gold in the Ifland 
+of Rhodes , when Minerva was born: Which Obferva- 
+tion e Glaudian makes alfo. 
+
+
+3 Cic. de Nat, Deor. b Quart Tprt o/aspk vel T^flo^yU 
+tertio menfe nata, Athena, apud Gyr, c Lucian, in Dia¬ 
+log. Deorum. 
+
+d •- De CapitisferturJine matre patemi 
+
+Venice cunt clypeo profiluiffe fuo. 
+
+Out of her Father’s Scull, as they report, 
+
+Without a Mother, all in Arms leap’d forth. 
+c Hertod in Theogon. f Strabo, 1 . 14.. 
+
+5 A nr at os Rhodiis imbres, najeente Minerva , 
+
+InduxiJJc Jovern ferunt . 
+
+At Pallas ’ Birth, great Jupiter, we’re told, 
+
+Byftrew’d the Rhodians with a Show’s 1 of Gold. 
+
+* SECT, 
+
+
+Ofjhe Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+99 
+
+
+SECT. III. Names of Minerva. 
+
+
+L ET us firft examine whence the Names Minerva 
+
+and Pallas are derived. 
+
+Minerva is fo called from a diminifhing. And it is 
+very true* that (he, being the Goddefs of War* dimi- 
+nifhes the Numbers of Men* and both deprives Families 
+of their Heads* and Cities of their Members. b But it 
+may be derived from Threatenings, as I faid before5 
+becaufe her Looks threaten the Beholders with Vio¬ 
+lence, and ftrike them with Terror. Or, perhaps, fhe 
+has her Name from the good c Admonitions fhe gives ; 
+becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of IVifdom . She is common¬ 
+ly thought to be IVifdom itfelf $ whence, when Men 
+pretend to teach thofe that are wifer than themfelves, 
+it is proverbially faid, d I'hat Sow teaches Minerva . And 
+from this Name of Minerva comes Minerva !, or 1 Mi¬ 
+ner vale c , fignifying the Salary that is given by the 
+Scholars to their Mafters. 
+
+The Greeks call her Athena , becaufe fhe never fucked 
+the Breaft of her Mother or Nurfe f ; for file was born 
+out of her Father’s Head, in full Strength, and was 
+therefore called Motberlefs z . Plato thinks fhe had this 
+Name from her Skill h in divine Affairs. Others think 
+fhe was fo named, ' becaufe fhe is never enflaved, but 
+enjoys the moft perfect Liberty : And indeed Wifdoni 
+and Philofophy give their Votaries the moft perfect 
+
+
+a Quod minuitvcl minuitur. Cic. de Nat. Door. b Vel 
+ii minis, quod vim minetur, Cornif. ap Gyr. c Vcl a mo- 
+nendo, Feftus. A Sus Minerv:un, c-JV’ aQ^oV, Cic. 9. E- 
+pift. 18. c * GrXCe y^xter^ov. ** MGwae, Aba non & 
+matnmam fugere. & "A^h-rtoe, y.a) u^rupy i. e. matre ca- 
+
+rens, Pollux, Phurnut. h 9 A fiqua Ssoyvor;, vel 
+hoc eft, qux divina coguofcit. Plato in Crafylo. 1 Ab 
+XiSc BvctkSpu fervire, 
+
+II 2 
+
+
+Free- 
+
+
+
+i o o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Freedom, as the Stoicks well obferve, who fay, * The 
+Philofopher or Wife-man is the only Free-man. 
+
+She is called Pallas , from a Giant of the fame Name, 
+which fhe flew ; or from the Lake Pallas , where fhe 
+was firft feen by Men ; or, laflly, which is more pro¬ 
+bable b , from brandifhing her Spear in War. 
+
+She had many other Thames, which I might now re¬ 
+count to you , but becaufe a grea^ many of them are 
+infignificant and ufelefs, I will only fpeak of two or 
+three, after I have firft difcourfed of the Palladiu?n . 
+
+The Palladium was an Image of Pallas , preferved in 
+the Caflle of the City of Troy; For, while the Caftle 
+and Temple of Minerva were building, they fay, this 
+Image fell from Heaven into the Temple, before it 
+was covered with a Roof. This railed every body*s 
+Admiration ; and when the Oracle of flpollo was con- 
+fulted, he anfwered. That the City fhould be fafe fo 
+long as that Image remained within it. Therefore, 
+when the Grecians befieged Troy, they found c that it 
+was impoffible to take the City, unlefs the Palladium 
+was taken out of it. This Bufmefs was left to Vlyjfes 
+and Diomedes , who undertook to creep into the City 
+through the Common Sewers, and bring away this fa¬ 
+tal Image. When they had performed this, Troy was 
+taken without any Difficulty. d Some fay it was not 
+lawful for any Perfon to remove that Palladium, or even 
+to look upon it. Others add, that it was made of Wood, 
+fo that it was a Wonder how it could move the Eyes 
+and {hake the Spear. Others, on the contrary, report; 
+that it was made of the Bones of Pclops, and fold to 
+the Trojans by the Scythians: They add, that /Eneas 
+recovered it, after it had been taken by'the Greeks , 
+from Diomedes , and carried it with him into ° Italy' 
+
+
+
+u Liber nemo cftnili fapiens; Tullius in Paradox. u Atto 
+th ‘UJccXhiiv to a vibranda ha 11 a, Scrvius in i, AZncid. 
+c Ovid. 5. Fall. (l Herodian. 1 . i. Plut. in Paral. Serv. in 
+2 JEiu Clem, in Protrep. * Dion, Hal. 1. Antiq. 
+
+
+where 
+
+
+IOI 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+where it is laid up in the Temple of Vejla , as a Pledge 
+of the Stability of the Rowan Empire, as it had been 
+before a Token of the Security of Troy . And laftly, 
+others write, that there were two Palladiums , one of 
+which Dio/nedes took, and another JEneas carried with 
+him. 
+
+Parthenon i. e. Virgin , was another of Minerva's 
+Names ; from whence :l the Temple at Athens , where 
+fhe was moft religioufly worfhipped, was called Par - 
+thenon : For Minerva , like Vejla and Diana , was a 
+perpetual Virgin ; and fuch a Lover of Chaftity, that (he 
+deprived Tireftas of his Sight, becaufe he faw her bath¬ 
+ing in the Fountain of Helicon: b But Tireftas's Mo¬ 
+ther, by her humble Petitions, obtained, that, fince 
+her Son had loft the Eyes of his Body, the Sight of 
+his Mind might be brighter and clearer, by having 
+the Gift of Prophecy. 
+
+c Ovid , indeed, afligns another Caufe of his Blind- 
+nefs, to wit, when Jupiter and Juno , in a merry Dis¬ 
+pute, made him Judge $ becaufe, when he killed a She- 
+Serpent, he had been turned into a Woman, and, after 
+feven Years, when he killed a He Serpent, he was a- 
+gain turned into a Man, he pronounced for Jupiter ; 
+wherefore Juno deprived him of his Sight. 
+
+There is another illuftrious Inftance of the Chaftity 
+of Minerva ; ,l when Neptune had enjoyed the beauti¬ 
+ful Adcdufa (whofe Hair was Gold) in her Temple, 
+file changed into Snakes that Hair which had tempted 
+him ; and caufed that thofe, that looked upon her 
+thereafter, fhould be turned into Stones. 
+
+Her NameTW/Wtf was taken from the Lake c Triton y 
+■where {he was educated ; as we alfo may learn from 
+f Lucan y who mentions the Love which Pallas bears to 
+
+
+a Homer in Hymn, ad Venereni. l> Homer. 1 . 10. 
+
+OdyflT. c Lib. Metani. Nat. Com. 1 . 7. c. 18. 
+
+e Paufan. in Bceot. 1 . 9. 
+
+f Pane & Pallas am//, fat via quod <vcrticc a at a 
+Terrarum frimam Lyhien (uam froxima ccvlo cjl y 
+
+H 3 this 
+
+
+
+102 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+this Lake; or from cS, or rpileh, [ Triton ] a Word* 
+which in the old Boeotian and Molick Language, figni- 
+fies a Head, becaufe fhe was born from Jupiter’s Head. 
+Yet, before we leave the Lake Triton , let me tell you 
+the Ceremonies that were performed upon the Banks 
+of it in Honour of Minerva : a A great Concourfe of 
+People out of all neighbouring Towns aflembled to fee 
+the following Performance : All the Virgins came in 
+feveral Companies, armed with Clubs and Stones, and, 
+a Sign being given, they aflaulted each other ; fhe 
+who was firft killed, was not efteemed a Virgin, and 
+therefore her Body was di(gracefully thrown into the 
+Lake; but fhe who received the mod and the deep- 
+eft Wounds, and did not give over, was carried Home 
+in Triumph in a Chariot, in the Midft of the Accla¬ 
+mations and Praifes of the whole Company* 
+
+’E eyoinq^ b [Ergatis] Operaria Workwoman , was her 
+Name among the Samians , her Worfhippers; becaufe 
+fhe invented divers Arts, efpecially the Art of Spin~ 
+ning, as we learn from the c Poets; thus d the Dif* 
+tajf is afcribed to her, and fometimes is called c Miner- 
+va 9 from her Name, becaufe fhe was the Inventrefs of 
+it. But, although Minerva fo much excelled all others 
+
+Ut probat ipfc calor) t cligit , Jlagniquc quiet a 
+Vulius vidit aqua , pofuitque in margine plantas , 
+
+Et fc deleft a* Triton id a dixit , ah undd . 
+
+This Pallas loves, born of the Brain of Jove, 
+
+Who firll on Lybia trod ; (the Heat doth prove 
+This Land next Hcav’n) (he (landing by the Side, 
+
+Her Face, within the quiet Water fpy’d, 
+
+A lid gave her (elf from the lov’d i ool a Name. 
+
+n Tritonia - Hcrodot. in Melp. 
+
+* Ex Hcfych. Ifidor. 1 . \o.^ c Ovid. 6. Mctam. 
+
+Virgil. 7. Mucid. 'i hcocrit. Eclog. 34.. 
+d Non ilia enlo calnthifquc Minerva' 
+
+Fa:mineas ajjueta mantis, O vid. MC tam . 
+
+To Pallas' Aits her Hands were never train’d. 
+
+*’ Cui tol rare ado vi/am teunique Minerva, Virg. JEn. 8 . 
+
+By tlF SpinilcrP Trade the gets her Livelihood. 
+
+in 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 1 03 
+
+in Spinning; yet Arachne , a young Lady of Lydta 9 very 
+(kilful at Spinning, challenged her in this Art, tho* it 
+proved her Ruin ; for the Godde/s tore her Work, and 
+ftruck her Forehead with a a Spoke of the Wheel. This 
+Difgrace drove her into Defpair, fo that (he hanged her- 
+felf; wherefore Pallas , out of Companion, brought her 
+again to Life, and turned her into a Spider, b which con¬ 
+tinues ftill employed in Spinning. The Art of Build- 
+ing, eipecially ofCaftles, was Minerva’s Invention; and 
+therefore (he was believed to prefide over them. 
+
+She is called Mufica ; becaufe fays Pliny , c the Dra¬ 
+gons or Serpents in her Shield, which, inftead of Hair* 
+encompafled the Gorgon’s Head, did ring and refound* 
+if the Strings of an Harp or Cittern near them were 
+touched. But it is more likely that fhe was fo named, 
+becaufe (he invented the Pipe ; upon which, when (he 
+played by the River-fide, and faw in the Water how 
+much her Face was fwelled and deformed by blowing 
+it, (he was moved with Indignation, and threw it afide, 
+faying, d The Svjeetnefs of the Mufick is too dear, if pur - 
+chafed with fo much Lofs . 
+
+
+a ■■■ — — Frontem percujjict Arachnes : 
+
+Non tulii infalixy laqueoque animofa ligavit 
+Guttura y pcndentem Pallas mijhrata levavit, 
+
+Atqiie, itciy Vive quid an, pende tamen, improba y dixit . 
+Arachne thrice upon the Forehead fmote ; 
+
+Whofe great Heart brooks it not: About her Throat 
+
+A Rope (lie ties; remorfeful Pallas llaid 
+
+Her falling Weight; Live, Wretch; Yet hang, Hie faid. 
+
+Ovid, Met am, 6 , 
+
+b - - Et anti quas cxcrcet Aranea telas . 
+
+And, now a Spider turn’d, (he ftill fpins on. Id. its. 
+c Di&aeft Muiica, quoddraconcsin ejus Gorgone ad ic¬ 
+tus citharne tinnitu refonabant. Pint. Nat . Itijl, 1 . 34., c. 8., 
+
+a - - Iprocul hincy non cjl mihi tibia tanii, 
+
+TJt vidit vultus Pallas in cmr:c fuos. 
+
+Away, thou art not fo much worth, flic cry’d. 
+
+Pear Pipe, when flic her Face P tip Streams eljpyM. 
+
+H 4 Glau+ 
+
+
+104 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+■ ft 
+
+& Glaucopis was another of her Names ; becaufe her 
+Eyes, like the Eyes of an Owl, were grey or fky-co- 
+Joured, that is, of a green Colour mixed with white. 
+Others think that (he was not called fo from the Co¬ 
+lour of her Eyes, but from the Terror and Formidable- 
+Hefs of l.er Mien ; for which Reafons Lions and Dra¬ 
+gons are alfo called Glaucii and Cczfh* 
+
+She was alfo called Pylotis^ fiom a b Greek Word, 
+fignifyingtf Gate : For, as the Image of Mars was fet 
+up in the Suburbs, fo her Effigies or Picture was placed 
+on the City-gates, or Doors of Houfes ; whereby they 
+fignified, that we ought to ufe our Weapons Abroad, 
+to keep the Enemy from entering our Towns : but in 
+the Tcivn we muft ufe the Afliftance of Minerva^ not 
+
+4 
+
+of Mars; that is, the State ought to be governed at 
+Home by Prudence, Counfel, and Law. 
+
+
+a r^avxd'Tnc^^ibens oculos glaucos & caefios, qualeshabet 
+yV/.y£, nodlua; Paufan in Attic. b A7ro -r^s a porta, 
+
+Phurnut. ATchyl. in Eumenid. 
+
+
+SECT. IV*. fThe Signification of the Fable . 
+
+Pallas the Symbol of Wifdom and Chaftity. 
+
+% 
+
+B Y this Story of Minerva c the Poets intended to 
+reprefent IVifdorn \ that is, true and fkilful Know¬ 
+ledge, joined with difereet and prudent Manners. They 
+hereby fignified alfo the Underftanding of the nobleft 
+Arts, and the AccomplHhments of the Mind ; the Vir¬ 
+tues, and efpecially Chaftity . Nor, indeed, without 
+Reafon; for, 
+
+I. Minerva is faid to be born out of Jupiter's 
+Brain ; becaufe the Wit and Ingenuity of Man did 
+jiot invent the ufeful Sciences, which for the Good of 
+
+
+
+
+
+* % 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 105 
+
+■ % 
+
+Man were derived from the Brain of "Jupiter ; that is, 
+from the inexhaufted Fountain of the Divine Wifdom, 
+from whence not only the Arts and Sciences, but the 
+Bleflings of Wifdom and Virtue alfo proceed. 
+
+2. Pallas was born armed ; a becaufe a wife Man’s 
+Soul, being fortified with Wifdom and Virtue, is in¬ 
+vincible: He’s prepared and armed againfl Fortune; 
+in Dangers he’s in'repid, in CrofTes unbroken, in Ca¬ 
+lamities impregnate. Thus b though the Image cf Jupi¬ 
+ter fweats in foul I'Veather ; yet as Jupiter bimfelj is dry 
+and unconcerned with it , fo a wife Man's Mind is har¬ 
+dened againjl all the AJJ'aults that Fortune can make upon 
+his Body . 
+
+3. Minerva is a Virgin , c as all the Mufes are, and 
+accordingly the Sight of GOD is promifld to pure and 
+undefiled Eyes ; for, even the Heathens thought that 
+chafte Eyes could fee GOD ; and Wifdom and Mo- 
+defly has often appeared in the Vtfions of holy Men, in 
+the Form and Habit of Virgins. 
+
+4. Minerva has a fevere Look, and a ftern Counte¬ 
+nance; becaufe a wife and modefl Mind gains not its 
+Repuration and Efleem fr<>m outward Beauty and Fi¬ 
+nery, but from inward Honour and Virtue; for Wif¬ 
+dom joined with Modefty, though cloathed with Rags, 
+yet fends forth a glorious fiiining Lullre ; (he has as 
+much Beauty in tattered Garments, as when file is 
+cloathed with Purple, and as much Majefly when fhe 
+fits on a Dunghill, as when fhe is placed on a Throne ; 
+fhe is as beautiful and charming when joined to the In¬ 
+firmities and Decays of Old-age, as when flic is united 
+to the Vigour and Comelinefs ot Youth. 
+
+
+a Cicero iu Paradoxis. b Quemadmodum enim non 
+colliquefcit Jupiter dnm fimulacrum cjus liqucfit; fic fa pi¬ 
+ca tis animus ad quoflibct advcrfie for tuna? cafus obdurefcit. 
+Seneca. c Greg. NyfT. do Virg, initio capitum 4 Sc 5 
+iServ, in uEneid. 
+
+
+5. She 
+
+
+io6 Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+5> She invented and exercifed the Art of Spinning : 
+From hence other Virgins, if they would preferve their 
+Chaftity, may learn never to indulge IdJene/s, hut to 
+employ tbemfelves continually in feme Sort of Work: 
+After the Example of a Lucretia , a noble Roman Prin- 
+cefs, who was found late at .Night fpinning amongft 
+her Maids, working, and fitting in the Middle of the 
+Room, when the young Gentlemen came thither 
+from the King. 
+
+6. As the Spindle and the Di/laff were the Invention 
+of Minerva , (o they are the Arms of every virtuous 
+Woman:, When fhe is furnifhed with thefe, {he will 
+defpife the Enemy of her Honour, and drive away Cupid 
+from her with the greateft Eafe \ b for which Reafon 
+thofe Inftruments were formerly carried before the 
+Bride when fhe was brought to her Hulband’s Houfe $ 
+and fomewhere it is a Cuftom, at the Funeral of'Wo¬ 
+men, to throw the Dijlaff and Spindle into the Grave 
+with them. 
+
+7. As foon at Tirefias had feen Minerva naked, he 
+loft his Sight: Was it for a Punifhment, or for a Re¬ 
+ward: Surely he never faw Things fo acutely before j 
+for then he became a Prophet, and knew future Things 
+long before they were a£led. Which is an excellent 
+Precept to us, Tnat he who had once, beheld the 
+Beauty of true Wifdom clearly, nay, without repin¬ 
+ing, lofe his bodily Sight, and want the View of cor¬ 
+poral Things, ft nee he beholds the Things that are to 
+come, and enjoys the Contemplation of eternal heavenly 
+Things, which are not vifible to the Eye. 
+
+8. An Owl v a Bird feeing in the Dark, was facred 
+to Minerva , and painted upon her Images, which is 
+the Representation of a wife Man, who, fcattering 
+jand difpelling the Clouds of Ignorance and Error, is 
+clear-lighted, where others are ftarlc blind. 
+
+
+9 
+
+•* Livy, 1 . 1. u B.llof. lib. ult, c, 13. 
+
+9. What 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+Tftac to?. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . To y 
+
+9. What can the Palladium mean, an Image which 
+gave Security to thofe Cities in which it was placed, un- 
+lefs that thofe Kingdoms flourifh and profper where JVif*. 
+iom prefides ? It is fuppofed to have fallen down from’ 
+Heaven, that we may underftand(whatwe find confirm¬ 
+ed by the Scripture) a That every good and per f eft Gift 
+comes from above , and defends from the Father, of Lights. 
+
+To this I add the Infcription which was heretofore to 
+be feen in the Temple of Minerva , written in golden 
+Letters, amongft the Egyptians ; b I am what is , what 
+jhall be , what bath been ; my Veil hath been unveiled by 
+none : The Fruit which I have brought forth is this , the Sun 
+is born. Which are Words, as I think, full of Myfte- 
+lies, and contain a great deal of Senfe : Let every one 
+interpret.them according to his Mind. 
+
+
+a Epift, Jac. i. 17. b Ego fum quo; funt, quse erunt, 
+pise fuerunt: Velum meum revelavit nemo. Quern ego 
+ruftumpeperi, Sol eft natus. VideLil. Gyrald. Synt. 12. 
+
+
+
+C H A P. XII. 
+
+SECT. I. Venus, her Image . 
+
+* j 
+
+M. * | ' URN your Eyes now to afweet Object, and 
+JL view that Goddefs , in whofe Countenance all, 
+Graces fit and play, and difcover all their Charms. 
+You fee a Pleafantnefs, a Mirth, a Joy in every Parc 
+of her ; Face : You fee a thoufand pretty Beauties and 
+Delights fporting wantonly in her fnowy Bofom. Ob¬ 
+serve. with what a becoming Pride fhe holds up her 
+Head and views herfelf, where (he finds nothing but 
+Joys and foft Delights. She is cloath'ed with a c purple 
+
+
+c Philoftrat. I. 2. Imag. Ovid. Metain. 15. A pul. I. 6. 
+
+Horat. Od. 3. Ovid. Meum. 10. Sappho Poet, 
+
+Mantle, 
+
+
+
+
+
+lolf Of the 'Gods of the Heathens, ' 
+
+
+Mantle, glittering with Diamonds, By her Side ftand 
+two Cupids, and round her are the three Graces, and 
+after follows the lovely beautiful Adonis , who holds up 
+the Goddefs’s Train. The Chariot, in which (herides, 
+is made of Ivory, finely carved, and beautifully painted 
+and gilt, and is drawn by Swans and Doves, or Swal- 
+lo-ws.y.as Venus directs, when (he pleafes to ride in it. 
+
+P . Is that Venn r , the Godaefsof'Lovef the Patronefs 
+of Strumpets, the vile Promoter of Impudence and Lull, 
+infamous for fo many Whoredoms, Rapes, andlncefts? 
+
+• M.s Yes, that is Venus , whom v in more honourable 
+Terms, Men ftile the Goddcfs of the Graces , the Au¬ 
+thor of Elegance, Beauty, Neatnefs, Delight, and 
+Chearfu'ncfs : But in Reality fhe is, as you fay, an 
+impudent Strumpet, and'the-Miflrefs and Prefideut of 
+Obfc.enity. 
+
+P. Why then is fhe fo beautifully painted ? Why is 
+her Dr.cfs fo glorious ? Why is not her Chariot rather 
+drawn by Swine, and Dogs, and Goats, than Swans 
+and Doves, the purett and chaflefl: of Birds ? Infernal 
+and black Spirits are Attendants more fuitable to her 
+than the Graces. 
+
+Ad. What do you fay ?cBlind fonlifh Men ufed for¬ 
+merly to ere£I Altars, and deify their Vices ; they hal¬ 
+lowed the greateft Impieties with Frankincehfe, and 
+thought to afeend into Heaven by the Steps of their 
+Iniquities: But let us not inveigh againft the Manners 
+of Men, but rather proceed in our Story of Venus . 
+
+You will in other Places fee her painted, fometimes 
+like a young Virgin rifing from the Sea, and riding in 
+a Shell z again, like a Woman holding the’Shell in her 
+Hand, her Head being crowned with Rofes. a Sometimes 
+her Pi&ure has a Silver Looking-glafs in its Hand, and 
+on its Feet are golden Sandals and Buckles. In the 
+
+
+
+* Philoflrat. in Imagin. Paufan. in Corinth. 
+
+• * • x * * - ^ f - . . . 
+
+
+Pictures 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of, the Heathens. i og 
+
+I 
+
+Pictures of the Sicyonians , fhe holds Poppy in one Hand, 
+and an Apple in the other* They coniecrated to her the 
+Thighs of all Sacrifices except Swine ^ for Venus ^ althof 
+fhe herfelf be filthy and unclean, abominates Swine for 
+their Uncleannefs : or rather becaufe a Boar killed A- 
+
+J , i i 
+
+don is her Gallant. a At Elis file was painted treading 
+on a Tortoife, fhewing, thereby, that Virgins ought 
+not to ramble abroad ; and- that-married Women ought 
+to keep Silence, and love their own Home, arid govern 
+their Family. She wore a Girdle or Belt, called Cef- 
+tus (from which fome derive Incejius , Incejl) in which all 
+Kinds of Pleafures, Delights, and Gratifications were 
+folded tip! b Some gave her Arrowy, and make Python 
+
+of Suada , the Goddefs of Eloquence , her Companion. 
+
+> • 
+
+* si • 
+
+f # • 
+
+1 ■ - ' ~ - ‘ J ' ' ’ ~^ 
+
+. * l 
+
+a Plut. in pr£ec. connub. & lib. de Ifid* Sc Ofir. b Horn. 
+Iliad. Eurip. in Medea. Ex Phurn* 
+
+
+SECT. II. The Defcent of Venus. 
+
+W E leaf A 'fr6m‘ fever al -Authors, c that there were 
+
+four Venus's born of different Parents ; but this 
+Venus , of whom we fpeak, was the eminenteft of them, 
+and had the Beauties as well as the Blemifhes of the other 
+commonly aferibed to her. <l She fprang from the Froth 
+of the Sea, which Froth was made, when they cut off the 
+Secrets of Ccelus or his Son Saturn , and threw them in¬ 
+to the Sea. c Hence fhe was by the Greeks called Aphro¬ 
+dite ; though others think file was fo named from the 
+Madnefs with which Lovers abound. f As foon as fhe 
+was born, fhe was laid, like a Pearl, in a Shell in head 
+of a Cradle, and was driven by Zcphyrus upon the Ifland 
+Cyprus , where the Flours [Horse J received her, and 
+took her into their Bofoms, educated, accomplifhed, and 
+
+
+11 » 
+
+
+» • ♦ * 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+c Cic. dc Nat. Deor. He hod. in Theo:;on. c Kx 'App's 
+fpuma ; vel, ut alii dicunt. '/Wo tu dp$a\nu, infanirc. Kx 
+kuripidl Sc Fhurnut. 1 Homer. in Hymn, ad Veneroni. 
+
+adorned 
+
+
+
+
+
+I id 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the hie Athens. 
+
+
+r .* 
+
+
+
+
+adorned her, and, when fhe came to Age, carried her 
+into Heaven, and prefented her to the Gods, who, 
+being taken with her Beauty, all'defired to marry her; 
+but at laft fhe was betrothed to Vulcan , and after ward$f ; ; 
+married to him. 
+
+
+SECT. III. Names of V e n u s. 
+
+S HE is called Venus y fays TTully ; 3 becaufe all Things 
+are fubje£t to the Laws of Love, or are produced 
+and begotten by Love: Or elfe, as b others fay, her 
+Name is given her, becaufe fhe is eminently beautiful; 
+for fhe is the Goddefs of Beauty : Or, laftly, fhe is fo 
+called, becaufe fhe c was a Stranger or Foreigner to the 
+Romans : For, fhe was firfl worfhipped by the Egyptian j, 
+and from the Egyptians fhe was tranflated to the Greeks 
+and from thence to the Romans. Let us -now proceed 
+to her other Names. 
+
+A?nica> ‘eT cripa, [ Hetaira ] was a Name given her by 
+the Athenians \ ,l becaufe fhe joins, Lovers together: Ad 
+this Greek Word is ufed both in a good and bad Signifi¬ 
+cation, fignifying both a Sweetheart and a Strumpet. 
+
+Armata ; becaufe c when the Spartan Women falli- 
+ed out of their Towns, befieged by the Meffenians , ad 
+beat them, their Hufbands, who were ignorant of it, 
+went out to fight, and met their Wives returning from 
+the Purfuit: The Men, believing them Enemies, made 
+themfelves ready to fight; but the Women fhewed, 
+both bv Words and by Deeds, that they were their 
+
+
+% 
+
+
+h ♦ 
+
+» 4 ' 
+
+
+h 
+
+* 
+
+
+»' I 
+
+tl 
+
+
+a A veniendo, quod ad omnes res veniat, vel qubd per 
+earn omnia proveniant ac progignantur. b Venus quafi ve- 
+nufta, Paufan. in Attic. c Venus veniendo, quali adven¬ 
+titia, fic Graicorum Do£trina adventitia & tranfinarina 
+vocabatur. Cic. Oflic. 1. i. ll ‘Erafya, id eft, focia, quc)d 
+ainicos & arnicas jtfngeret. Feftus cx Apol, & Hefych; 
+c Paufan. in Lucan. & fii Attic. 
+
+
+Wives, 
+
+
+
+
+>> 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. i11 
+
+Wives, (Modefty forbids a plainer Explanation;) and 
+for this Reafon a Temple was dedicated to Venus Armada* 
+The Sidomans called her a AJlarte , or Dea Syria (which 
+Goddefs, others think, was the Moon) and worfhipped 
+her in the Figure of a Star. 
+
+Jpaturia , that is, b the Deceiver 5 for neither is any 
+Thing more deceitful than a Lover, nor any Thing 
+more fraudulent than Love, which flatters our Eyes* 
+and pleafes us, like Rofes* in their fineft Colours, but 
+leaves a Thorn in the Heart; it torments the Mind, 
+and wounds the Confcience. 
+
+She was called by the Romans c Barbata 3 becaufe, 
+when the Roman Women were fo troubled with a vio¬ 
+
+
+lent Itching that all their Hair fell off, they prayed to 
+Venus , and their Flair grew again : Whereupon they 
+made an Image of Venus with a Comb, and gave it a 
+Beard, that fhe might have the Signs of both Sexes, 
+and be thought to prefide over the Generation of both. 
+That this might be exprefied more plainly, the upper- 
+moft Part of the Image reprefented a Man, and the 
+lower Part of it a Woman. 
+
+- Cypris , Cypria , and Cyprogenia , becaufe fhe was 
+worfhipped in the Ifland of Cyprus . Cytherh and 
+Cytherea, from the Ifland of d Cytherea , whither fhe was 
+firft carried in a Sea-fhell. 
+
+There was a Temple at Rome dedicated to Venus 
+Calva ; c becaufe when the Gauls poflefled that City, 
+Ropes for the Engines were made with the Women’s 
+Hair. 
+
+Cluciana , from f Cluo> an old Word, to fight ; becaufe 
+her Image was fet up in the Place, in which the Peace 
+was concluded betwixt the Romans and Sabines. 
+
+Erycina , from the Mountain K Eryx in the Ifland of 
+
+a Epiph. contra Hajref. Kuieb. 1. de Pncp. Evang, b Ab 
+fallo. Lucian, dt* Dea Syr. Strabo. 1 . u. 0 Serv. 
+Macrob. Suidas Sc alii. (1 Feltus. c L:*dlant, lib. i. Divin. 
+inllitut. f Vcgotius dc militari, Plin. 1 . j c Pol \ Ik 
+
+
+. 1. 
+
+
+” ^ ^ ’ + 9 w * 
+
+t. f Vcgctius dc militari. « Plin. 1. j 5 polyb, 
+Scrv. 2. uflSn. 
+
+Sicily ; 
+
+
+
+112 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Sicily ; upon which /Eneas built a fplendid and famous 
+Temple to her Honour, becaufe. fhe was his Mother* 
+
+3 Horace makes mention of her under this Name. 
+
+^ _* 4 
+
+b She is properly called Ridens , and Homer calls her c a 
+Lover of Laughing ; for, fhe is.faid d to be born laughing? 
+and from thence called the Goddefs of Mirth . 
+
+Hortenfis ; becaufe fhe looks after the Production of 
+Seeds and Plants in Gardens. And ,FeJlus tells us, that 
+the Word Penus is by Neevias put for Herbs? as. Ceres is 
+for B'*ead? and Neptunus for Fiji). 
+
+c 1 daha and Acidalia , from the Mountain Idalus , in 
+the I hand Cyprus , and the Fountain Acidalius in Baeo - 
+tia. 
+
+Marina ; becaufe fhe was born of the Sea fas we 
+
+^ 4 • , • • • _ « \ » 
+
+faid) and begotten of the Froth of the Waters $ which 
+f Aufonius hath elegantly mentioned in his Poem. 
+
+From thence fhe. is called s Aphroditis and Anadyomenc? 
+that is, emerging out of the Waters, as Apelles painted 
+her; and Pontia , from Pontus. Hence came the Cuf- 
+lom, that thofe who had efcaped any Danger bv Wa¬ 
+ter, ufed to facrifice to Penus . Hence alfo the Mariners 
+obferved thofe Solemnities called Aphrodifa? which 
+Plutarch delcribes in aTreatife againft Epicurus . 
+
+MAanis? or Melcznis , h that is, dark and concealed : 
+Of which Nature are all NoClurnal Amours, both law- 
+
+• t 
+
+4 « « 
+
+a Sinte tu mantis, Erycina ridens? 
+
+Quant jocus circumnjolat & Cupido. 
+
+If you, blithe Goddefs, will our Side defend. 
+
+Whom Mirth andbrilkDclire do ftill attend. Hor. 1 .1 .Od.2. 
+h Saidas Phurnut. 0 <pfo h c. amans rifus, Horn. 
+Iliad. 20. 
+
+Hcfxod. c Virg. i. JEn. Sc Serv. Horatlus fiepe. 
+f Orta falo, fufeept a folo , pat re edit a Caelo. 
+
+Heaven gave her Life, the Sea a Cradle gave, 
+and Kart IPs* wide Regions her with Joy^ receive. 
+
+r. Pliu. 35. c. 10 Alex, ab Alex. Clitipho Sc Leucippc, 
+h Nigra Sc tenebrofa, h i. c. niger, quod omne 
+
+amoris opus amat tenebras. Paufan. in Arcad, 
+
+ful 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. ■ 1 1 3 
+
+ful and unlawful. For a Works of Love do allef therfx 
+feck the Dark. Whence the Egyptians zvorjhippeda Ve¬ 
+nus, called b Scotia , a Godaefs to be admired in the Nighty 
+that is, in Marriage. 
+
+Meretrix ; c becaufe (he taught the Women, in Cy¬ 
+prus , to proflitute themfelves for Money. 
+
+d Migonitis fignifies her Power in the Management 
+of Love. Therefore Paris , after he had mixed Em¬ 
+braces with Helena , dedicated the fir ft Temple to c Ve¬ 
+nus Migonitis ; and f Virgil ufes a like Expreftion fpeak- 
+ing of the Affairs of Love; 
+
+She is called Murcia in Livy and Pliny, qitaft Myrtea 5 
+becaufe the Myrtle was facred to Venus ; and her Tem¬ 
+ple, upon the Avcntine Mountain at Rome * was ancient¬ 
+ly called Murcus . 
+
+Paphia , from the City Paphos in the Illand of Cy* 
+prus 9 where they facrificed Flowers arid Frankincenfe 
+to her. And this is mentioned by £ Virgil\ This 
+
+
+a Pind. Od. 9. Pyrrh. ex bjefye. b 2^ T c^a ««« vvtfi 
+pftnijDea admirandaanoftu & tenebris. Eurip.in Hippol. 
+c Left. & Serv. tl a i. e. mifeeo, Paufan. in Lacon. 
+
+c Veneri Migonitidi. 
+
+f — 1 — quern Rhea facerdos. 
+
+Fur two part u , fub luminis edidit aurds * 
+
+Mixta Deo Maher* ^Encid. 7» 
+
+-Him Prieftcfs Rhea bore 
+
+Into the lightfome World ; fo ftol’ft by Joy, 
+
+Mixt with a Deity, flic brought a Boy. 
+
+K Ipfa Paphum fublimis adit , Jedcfquc revifit 
+Lrcia Jit as, ubi templum illi , cent unique Sabco 
+Thu re calcnt arat, Jertifque reccntibus ha lan t. 
+
+This Part perform’d, the Goddcfs Hies fublime. 
+
+To vifit Paphos and her native Clime, 
+
+Where Garlands, evergreen and ever fair, 
+
+With Vows are offer’d, and with folemn Pray’r: 
+
+An hundred Altars in her Temple fmokc, 
+
+A Thotifand bleeding Hearts her PowV invoke.' xE». 1. 
+
+I linage 
+
+
+514 Of Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Image had not a human Shape ; but as a ‘Tacitus fays. 
+It was from the Top to the Bottom of an orbicular Figure , 
+a little broad beneath $ the Circumference was fmall and 
+Jharpening toward the Top like a Sugar-loaf.- The Reafon 
+unknown. b Lucan obfei ves, that it was ufual to wor~ 
+(hip other Gods in confufed fhapelels FigurevS. 
+
+For ceitain the Goddefs Peffmuntia (of whom we 
+fhall fay more when we fpeak of Cybele) was nothing 
+but a fhapelefs Stone* which fell down from Heaven, 
+as we find by Herodian. So c Tcrtullian fays. Even 
+Pallas, the Athenian Goddefs , and Ceres, the Goddefs of 
+Corn , both of them zviihout any certain Effigies to them , but 
+meer rugged Stakes , and fhapelefs Pieces of ITood^ are Things 
+that are bought andfold . And Arnobius adds , d The Ara¬ 
+bians worjhipped a Stone without Form or Shape of a 
+Deity . 
+
+Her Name c Verticordia fignifies the Power of Love, 
+to change Hearts, and eafe the Minds of Men from all 
+Cares that perplex them. f Ovid mentions this Power 
+of hers. And for the fame Reafon Venus is called in 
+the Greek s Epiftrophia . 
+
+
+a F.rat c'ontinuusorbis,latiore initio, tenuem in ambitum, 
+anctse modo exurgens; & ratio in obfeuro. Lib . 3, 
+
+-- b fmulacraqite mafia Dearum 
+
+Arte car ext) catcifque extant infer mi a t rancis. 
+
+All artlcfs, plain, mifhopen Trunks they are. 
+
+Their Mofs and Mouldinefs procures a Fear. 
+c Et Pallas Attica Sc Ceres Farrea fine effigie rudi palo, Sc 
+informi ligno proftant. Tertul. in Apol. d Arabcs infor- 
+mcm colucrunt lapidem. Arnob. contra Genteo Lib. 6. 
+c Qua ft cord a vertens. 
+
+f Templa jubet fieri Ve?icri y quit us or dinefaB is , 
+
+hide Venus njcrfo nomina corde tenet. Fall. 
+
+Temples arc rais’d to Venus whence the Name, 
+
+From changing Minds, of Verticordia came, 
+k quod vertat homines. Paulan, Attic. 
+
+
+9 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+' . • • , * 
+
+OJ' the Gods oj" the Heathens. 1 15 
+SECT* IV, ASlions of Venus. 
+
+W HAT Deeds can you expert from an impudent 
+
+and powerful Strumpet, but thofe which are full 
+of Lewdnefs, and Mifchicf, and Plagues ? It were end- 
+lefs only to repeat the Names of all thofe, -whom fhe 
+has armed to the Ruin of one another; whom flic has 
+turned into Beafts, by inciting them to commit fuch 
+monftrous Wickednefs, as Modefty will not let me 
+mention; 
+
+For, who* without blufhing, can hear the Story of 
+jViflitnene? who, ihfpired by impure Luft, and raging 
+with curfed Flames, a is faid to have committed Inceffc 
+with her own Father; for which abominable Wicked¬ 
+nefs flie was changed into an Owl, an ugly difmal Bird 
+of the Night, who, b confcious of her Guilt, never ap¬ 
+pears in the Day-time, but feeks to conceal her Shame, 
+and cover it by Darknefs, being driven from the So¬ 
+ciety of all Birds. 
+
+Who does not abhor the fame Fa&of PAyrrba, which 
+wascontrived and committed by the Encouragement and 
+the Afiiftance of Venus ? She committed Incefl: with her 
+own Father by the A/fiftance of Cynatas^ her old Nurfe ; 
+(may fuch Pradfices of old Women receive their juflr 
+Reward) but her Sin proved her Ruin ; c for, fhe was 
+
+0 
+
+u — Patriimt tcmcraffe entile . Ovid. z. M. t. 
+
+-- To have defil’d her Father’s Bed. 
+
+^ Confcia culpa 
+
+Confpcftimi , lucemqucfug it; tev.ebnfquc purlorem 
+Cclat, & a cun fits expcllitur acre toto. 
+
+Still confcious of her Shame avoids the I ight. 
+
+And flrivcs to fhroud her guilty Head in Night, 
+
+Expell’d the winged Choir. 
+
+c quanquam a mi fit <vctcrcs cum corporc fenftis , 
+
+Piet tamen , & tepidm ?n an ant rx arbor c gut tm. 
+
+Tho* Senfe with Shape flic hnl, Hill weeping^ flic 
+Shads bitter Tears, which trickle from her 'Tree. 
+
+Oy.v/. Met. ro- 
+
+I 2 turned 
+
+
+i 1 6 Of the Gods of the Heat hefts. 
+
+turned into a Tree, which always, as it were,, bewails 
+its Impurity, and fends forth Drops like Tears, 
+
+Why fhould I mention the Pn?p<&tides, the Chiefs of 
+Strumpets, who denied that Venus was a Goddefs? 
+They were thefirft Proftitutes* and u were afterwards 
+turned into Stones. 
+
+Why fhould I fet before you Pygmalion , a Statuary J 
+who, confidering the great Inconveniencies of Marri- 
+age, had jfiefol ved to live fingle; but, afterwards making 
+a moft elegant and artificial Image of Venus , he fell fo 
+much in Love with his own Workmanfhip, that he 
+begged of Venus to turn it into a Woman, and in- 
+liven the Ivory. His Wifhes were granted, and he be¬ 
+got of this Image Paphos , from whom the b Ifland Pa - 
+phos had its Name. 
+
+And here it will not be abfurd briefly to relate the 
+Stories of Pyramus and Thijhe , Atalanta and Hippomenes> 
+Paris and Helena , three Couple of moft unfortunate 
+Lovers. 
+
+Pyramus and Thijhe were both Inhabitants of the City 
+of Babylon $ equal in Beauty, Age, Conditions, and For¬ 
+tune. They began to love each other from their Cradles, 
+Their Houfes were contiguous, fo that their Love arofe 
+from their Neighbourhood, grew greater by their mu¬ 
+tual Play, and was perfected by their Angular Beauty, 
+This Love increafed with their Years, and when they 
+were marriageable, they begged their Parents Confentj 
+which was refufed, becaufe of fome former Quarrels be- 
+
+* — '» ill ■ 1 '■ % *,» »» .>..... . ,,, , 1 . I 1 11^ » M illie 
+
+—•— pro q l(0 f ua Numhiis ird 
+Corpora , cum forma , pr'unimi <v id gaffe feruntur \ 
+
+IJtquo pudor Ci'jfit , Snnguifquc induruit oris , 
+
+In rigidum par<uo fill con dijerhnine verfe, 
+
+'Hie firil that ever gave themfelvcs, for Hive, 
+
+To Prollitution, urg’d by Venus* Ire; 
+
+The Looks imbolden\i, Modefly now gone, 
+
+Convert at length to little differing Stone. Id. Ilid. 
+h —— de quo tenet hi fid a nomen . . Id. ilid, 
+
+Prom whom the lihuid d ots its Name receive. 
+
+
+tween 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 117 
+
+* 
+
+tween the two Families. And, that the Children might 
+not attempt-any thing again ft their Parents Will, they 
+were not permitted to fee each other, or to fpeak toge¬ 
+ther. What could Pyramus do ?* Or how could Thtfbe 
+hear this? "Fhere was a Partition-’Wall between both 
+Houfes; in which Wall there was a fmall Chink, never 
+difeovered by any of the Servants. 'This' Crevice a the 
+Lovers found, and met ‘ here. Their Words 'and their 
+Sigiiswent through, but KifTes could notpafs’; which, 
+when they parted, they b printed on each .Side of the 
+Wall. . But what a fatal Rapture in their Hearts did 
+this fmall Breach in the Wall produce ? for their Love 
+was too great to be confined to fuch narrow Bounds : 
+The next Night therefore they refolved to enjoy that Li¬ 
+berty abroad, which they could not-receive at home, by' 
+efcaping irito .a neighbouring Wood, where they agreed 
+to meet under the Shade of a large Mulberry-Tree, 
+which flood clofe to a Fountain. When Night came 
+on, Xhifbe deceives her Keepers, and efcapes fir ft, and 
+flies into the Wood ; for Love gave her Wings. When 
+fhe came to the appointed Place, c a Lionefs came frefh 
+
+
+
+a Quid nonfentit amor f ... . 
+
+-- Warn priml <vidijiis , amanles * ' - • 
+
+Et <vocis feciflis iter.; tutecquc per illuef 
+Murmure hi arid Hi at mini wo traiijire Jolt-bant . 
+
+This for fo many Ages undefery’d, 
+
+(What cannot Love find out?) The Lovers fipy’d. 
+
+By which their whifp’ring Voices foftly trade, 
+
+And Paflion’sam’rous Ambafiies convey’d. Q-uid. Met. 4. 
+
+-. pratique dcderc 
+
+OfcttJa quifqtte fnh no?/ peruenientia centra . 
+
+-Their Rifles grect 
+
+The fenfelufs Stones with Lips that cannot meet. 
+
+
+c - qjenit ecce recenti 
+
+Cade. Lea://a bonnifpuma.nl es chill a rift us, 
+
+Depo/ilura fit im 'idcini'fbnfis h: u>:da. 
+
+When Jo a Lionefs, with Blood hefmear’d. 
+Approaching to the well -known Spring appear'd. 
+
+1 A 
+
+
+fi oin 
+
+
+118 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+from the Slaughter of fome Cattle, to drink at the 
+Fountain, Thifbe was fo frightened that fhe ran into a 
+Cave, and in her Flight her Veil fell from her Head ; 
+the Lionefs, returning from the Fountain, found the 
+Veil, and tore it with her Jaws frpear’d with the Cat¬ 
+tle’s Blood. Afterwards comes Pyramus , and fees the 
+Friiit of a wild Bead’s Foot in the Gravel, and by and 
+by finds the Veil of Phi fie bloody and torn. He imme¬ 
+diately imagining that fhe was killed and devoured by 
+the Bead, prefently grew diftra£ted, and hastened to the 
+appointed Tree; and when he could not find Pbifie, he 
+threw himfelf upon his Sword, and died. phtjbe in the 
+mean Time recovered from her Fright, and came to the 
+Mulberry-Tree; where, when fhe came near, fhe fees 
+a a iVlan expiring. At firft file was amazed, and flopped, 
+and went back frighted. But when fhe knew b who it 
+was, fhe ran into the Embraces of her dying Lover, 
+mingled her Tears with his Blood, and folding her 
+Arms about him, being almoft diftra&ed with Grief, 
+
+0 
+
+fhe lamented the Misfortune that robbed her of her Lo¬ 
+ver, c called upon him to anfwer if he could, when his 
+
+■ I 
+
+
+a --- tremebunda <videt ptdfare crueniu?n 
+
+Membra folum . 
+
+- • in great Snrprife 
+
+Blood-reeking Earth,.and trembling Limbs Ihe fpies. 
+b Sed poftquam remorata fuos cognovit amores. 
+
+But when a nearer View confirm’d her Fear, 
+
+That *twas her Pyramus lay welt’ring there.' 
+
+0 Pyrame, refponde , tua te chariJJimaPhifie 
+fiomhiat , exaudi, <vultufque at to liejacentes. 
+
+'Ad nomen Phtfies, oculos in morte graduates 
+Pyramus erexit , ^vi/dque recondidit ilia. 
+
+She kifs’d his Lips, and when fhe found them cold* 
+No longer could from wild Complaints withhold. 1 
+What flrange Mifchance, what envious Deftiny ' 
+Divorces my dear Pyramus from me ? 
+
+Thy Thifie calls—O, Pyramus , reply ! 
+
+Can Pyramus be deaf to Pbifid 's Cry ? 
+
+
+
+'Of the Gods of the Heathens. 119 
+
+*ThiJbe called him 5 but he was fpeechlcfs, and, only 
+loo king 1 .up to her, expired. And now Tbifbc was ai¬ 
+med dead with Grief. She tore her Cheeks, and beat 
+•her Breafts, and rent her Hair, and fhed a Deluge of 
+Tears, upon hiscold Face ; nor feemed to mourn, till (lie 
+•perceived her Veil, bloody and torn, in Pyramus’s Hand* 
+She then underftood the Occafion of his Death; and, 
+with all her Strength, fhe draws the Sword out of the 
+Body of her Lover, and ftrilces it deep into her own ; 
+and falling accidentally on him, gave him a cold Kifs, 
+and breathed her laft Breath into his Bofom. The Tree 
+was wanned with the Blood of the Slain, fo that it be¬ 
+came fenfible of their Misfortune* and mourned. Its 
+Berries, which were before white, became firfl red 
+with Grief, and blufhed for the Death of Py ramus\ 
+when *TbiJl)e alfo died, the Berries then became black 
+and dark, as if they had put on Mourning. 
+
+In the next Place hear the Story of Atalanta and Hip - 
+pomenes . She was the Daughter of King Scbameus* or 
+Cteneus . It was doubted whether her Beauty or Swifr- 
+nefs in running were greater. When fhe confulted 
+the Oracle, whether fhe (hould marry or no, fhe receiv¬ 
+ed this Anfwer, that Marriage would be fatal to her. 
+Hereupon the Virgin hid hcrfelfin the Woods, and 
+Jived in Places remote from the Converfation of Men. 
+
+4 
+
+But the more fhe avoided them, the more eagerly they 
+courted her. Her Difdain inflamed their Defires, and 
+her Pride raifed their Adoration.' At lad, when (lie 
+favv fhe could not other wife deliver herfclf from the 
+Importunity of her Lovers, fhe made this Agreement: 
+with them : c You court me in vaiir, fays flic ; he .who 
+c overcomes me in running, fhall be my Flu (band ; 
+
+6 but they who Hie beaten by me fliall fuffer Death; 
+
+
+
+When v hijhc's Name the dying Lover heard. 
+
+Bis half-clos’ii Byes for one lajl . 1 ,00k he rear’d ; 
+Which, having fnatch’d the Bleiling of that Sight, 
+Jlcfign’d themiclves to cverlailing Niftht. 
+
+1 \ 
+
+
+
+1 20 
+
+
+Of the Gods , of the Heathens 
+
+
+c I’ll be the Vigor’s Prize, but the Vanqui(bed’s Ptl- 
+
+* nifhment. If thefe Terms pleafe, come, go .wi th me 
+6 into the Field/ They a all agreed to thefe Conditi*- 
+ons; they ft rove to.outrun her.; but they we re, all, beaten 
+and put to Death, according to the. Agreement,; dif¬ 
+fering the Lofs of their Lives for.the Fault. % of their Feet. 
+"Yet the Example of thefe Gentlemep did not deter 
+liippomenes from undertaking: the Race. • He entertain- 
+
+• a M ... • ** * '• • ’ _ * 
+
+ed Hopes of winning the Victory ; becaufe Venus had 
+given- him three golden Apples, gathered .in the Gar¬ 
+dens of the Hejperides ; and alfo told him.how-to ufe 
+them. Hippomencs brifkly fet out and began the Race ; 
+and when - he faw -that overtook, him, he 
+
+threw; down a golden-Apple.:. The Beauty of it inti- 
+,ced her, fo that (lie b went out of her Way, followed 
+the Apple, and took it tip. 
+
+Afterwards he threw dovyn another, and fhe (looped 
+again to reach it $ and again a third ;. fo that while _Ata- 
+lanta was bufied in gathering them up, Plippomenes 
+reached the Goal, and took the Lady as the .Prize of 
+his Victory. 
+
+t J « 
+
+But how inconftant is Venus /*. And how bafe. Ingra¬ 
+titude ? Hippo?nenes , being drunk with Love, gave not 
+due Thanks to Venus , but was forgetful of her Kind- 
+nefs; The Goddefs refcnted it, and inflamed them 
+with fuch flrong impatient Defires, that in their Jour¬ 
+ney they dared to fatis fy their Pa(fions in a Temple; 
+for which Sacrilege they were immediately punifhed, 
+for they were turned into Lions. 
+
+Laftly, let Paris and Helena come upon the Stage, 
+Prtr/jwasthe Son of Priamus King of Troy , by Hecuba* 
+His Mother, when (lie was big-bellied, dreamt that 
+
+
+a Venit ad banc legem icmcraria turba pro comm. 
+
+All her mad Wooers take the Terms propos’d. 
+b Declinat cur/us, attrumquc 'volatile toll it. 
+
+She, greedy of the fliining Fruits, Heps back 
+To catch the rolling Gold. 
+
+t (J 
+
+
+(lie 
+
+
+I 2 I 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens '. 
+
+She brought forth a burning Torch: And;, afking thep- 
+racle the Interpretation of it, was anfwered, that it did 
+portend the Burning of Trey , and that the .Fire, fhould 
+he kindled by that Boy that fhe had in her Womb. 
+Therefore, as foon as the Child was.born, by the Com¬ 
+mand of' Priamusy he was expofed upon the Mountain 
+Ida ; where the Shepherds brought him up privately, 
+and educated him, and called him Paris. • When he 
+was grown to Man’s Eftate, many excellent Endow¬ 
+ments and Qualities fhinedin him; particularly, he 
+gave fuch great Tokens of Angular Prudence and Equi¬ 
+ty in deciding Contro'verfies, that when a great Diffe¬ 
+rence arofe among the Goddeffes, they referred it to his 
+Judgment to’be determined. The Goddefs *Difcordia 
+was the Occafion of this Contention : For, becaufe all 
+the Gods and Goddeffes, except herfelf, were invited 
+to the Marriage of Peleus , fhe was angry, and refolved 
+to revenge the Difgrace; therefore, when they all met 
+and fat down at the Table, file came in privately, and 
+threw down upon the Table an Apple of Gold on which 
+was this Infcription, b Let the fairejl take it. Hereupon 
+arofe : a Quarrel among the Goddeiles; for every one 
+thought herfelf the handfomelh But, at lalf, all the 
+others yield to the three fuperior Goddeiles : Juno, Pal- 
+las , and Venus ; who difputed fo eagerly, that Jupiter 
+himfelf was not able to bring them to Agreement. He 
+refolved therefore to leave the final Determination of it 
+to the Judgment of Paris \ fo that fhe fhould have the 
+Apple to whom Paris fhould appoint it. The Goddeiles 
+confent, and call for Paris , who was then feedingShecp 
+upon a Mountain. They tell him their Bufinefg ; they 
+every one court his Favour with great Promifcs. Juno 
+pro mi fed to reward him with Po%uer ; Pallas with TVif- 
+do?/r> and Venus prom i fed hi in the mojl beautiful Woman 
+
+* 
+
+. .W l . l >» ■> !' ■ ■» I " " **■ 1 " — ■■■ |> 
+
+
+a Dion. ChryfoA. Orat. 20 Philoftrat, in Icon. 
+‘chrior accipiat> vel Detur Pule hr tori* 
+
+
+
+
+I 22 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+in the World. In fhort, he obferved them all very cun- 
+jifafty ; but Nature guided him to pronounce Venus the 
+fairc/l,. and to affign to her the Apple of Gold, Nor 
+did Venus break her Promifc to Paris for in a little 
+TimePtfr/j was owned to be King Priam’s Son, and 
+failed into Greece with a great Fleet, under the Colour 
+of an Emhafty, to fetch away Helena , the moil beautiful 
+.Virgin in the World ; who was betrothed to Menelaus , 
+King of Sparta , and lived in his Houfe. When he came, 
+■Menelaus was abfent fiom Home; and, in his Abfence, 
+Paris carried Helena to Troy. Menelaus demanded tier, 
+but Paf'is refuted to fend her back; whereupon that 
+fatal War between the Grecians and Trojans broke out, 
+in which, Troy , the Metropolis of all Afia^ was taken 
+and miferably burnt, in the Year of the World 2871. 
+There were killed eight hundred fixty-eight thoufand 
+of the Grecians \ among whom Achilles , their General, 
+loft his Life, by the Treachery of Paris himfelf. There 
+.were flain fix hundred feventy-ftx thoufand of the Tro¬ 
+jans , from the Beginning of the War to the Betraying 
+the City ; (for it was thought that /Eneas and Anlenor 
+betrayed it) among whom Paris himfelf was killed by 
+Pyrrhus or Phi loft etes ; and his Brother Hcftor, a the 
+Pillar of his Country , was killed by Achilles . And when 
+the City was taken and burnt. King Priamus , the Fa¬ 
+ther of Paris and HeSlor , at once loft all his Children, 
+Hecuba his Queen, his Kingdom and his Life. He- 
+lena , after Paris was killed, married his Brother Dei- 
+phobus: Yet (he, at laft, betrayed the Caftle to the Gre¬ 
+cians , and admitted Menelaus into her Chamber to kill 
+JJeiphobus ; whereby it is faid, fhe was reconciled to 
+the Favour of Menelaus again. But thefe Things be¬ 
+long rather to Hiflory than Fable, to which let us re¬ 
+turn. 
+
+» 
+
+* 
+
+
+51 V atri32 Columen* 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+Of the Godj of the Heathens. 
+
+
+I2 3 
+
+
+SECT. V. Venus ’s Companions. Hyme- 
+N/Eus, the Cupids, theGRACES, Adonis.* 
+
+T HE firfl of Venzis 9 s Companions was the God 
+
+Hymenaza. He prefided over Marriage, and was 
+*he Protector of Virgins. He was the Son of Bacchus 
+and Venus Urania , born in Attica, where he ufed to re- 
+fcue Virgins carried away by Thieves, and reftore them 
+to their Parents. He was of a very fair Complexion ; 
+crowned with the Amaracus or Sweet-Marjoram, and 
+fometimes with Rofes ; in one Hand he carried a 
+Torch, in the other a Veil of a flame Colour, to re- 
+prefent the Blufhcs of a Virgin. Maids newly married 
+offered Sacrifices to him, as they did alfo to the God- 
+
+defs Concordia. 
+
+•• 
+
+Cupid was the next of Venus' s Companions. He is 
+
+called the God of Love, and u many different Parents 
+
+» » ^ ^ 
+
+are afcribed to him, becaufe there were many Cupids . 
+Plato b fays, he was born of Penia , the Goddefs of Po¬ 
+verty, ar*d Porus, the Son of Counfel and Plenty. c He - 
+Jhd relates, that he was born of Chaos and Ferra . Sap¬ 
+pho derives him from. Femes and Cceluzn . Akaus fays he 
+was the Son of Lite and Zephyrus. Simonides attributes 
+him to Mors and Venus ; and Alcznceon .to Zephyr us and 
+Flora. But whatfoever Parents Cupid had, this is plain, 
+he always accompanies Venus , either as a Son, or as a 
+Servant ,l . 
+
+The Poets fpeak of two Cupids. . One,’of* which is 
+an ingenious Youth c , the Son of Venus and Jupiter, a 
+celeftial Deity; the other, an obfeene Debauchee, the 
+Son of Nox and Erebus (Hell and the Night) a vulgar 
+God, whole Companions are Drunkeimefs, Sorrow, 
+
+
+3 Phil off rat. in Icon. b Plato in Sympoff. r Vide 
+flat. Com. Sc Lil. Gy raid. l] Cic. de Nat. Deor, c Plato 
+in Phtedro. ’ 
+
+Enmity, 
+
+
+
+
+124 Of 4 he Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Enmity, Contention, and fuch Kind of .Plagues ; one 
+of' the ft Cupids is called Eros and the other winter os. 
+Both of them arcJioys, and naked', and winged, and 
+
+blind, and armed with a Bow and Arrows and a "Torch. 
+
+^ \ , 
+
+* T*hey have two Darts of different Natures ; a' golden 
+Dart, which procures Love, and a leaden Dart, which 
+onufes Hatred. * Antcros is alfbtheGod who avenges 
+flighted Love’. * ; 
+
+• Although this be the’ youngeft of all the Gods' in 
+Heaven, yet his Power is fo great, that he is efleeined 
+the ftrongeft of them ; for'he fubdues them all. ' With¬ 
+out his Afliftance his Mother Venus is weak, and can do 
+nothing, as'{he herfelf c confefTes in Virgil . 
+
+' P. But why is Cupid naked ? “ 
+
+' M: He is naked becaufe the Lover has nothing of 
+his own, but deprives himfelf of all that he has, for his 
+Miflrefs’s Sake: he can neither cover nor conceal'any 
+Thing from her; of which Sampfon is a Witriefs: For 
+he discovered to his beloved Mi ft refs even the Secret 
+on which his Safety did depend'; and here bis Under- 
+Handing was blinded before his Eyes. , • Another fays, 
+that Cupid is naked, (I becaufe Lovers delight to be fo. 
+
+Cupid is a Boy $ becdufe he is void of Judgment: 1 
+His.Chariot' is drawn by Lions^ for the Rage and Fierce- 
+ti . Os . f\ t. u i* is’ greater.than' the Extravagance 
+
+and Madnefs of violent' Love. And he is blind', be¬ 
+caufe a Lover does not fee the Faults of his beloved 
+Objeft, nor. con fid er in his Mind the Mifchief proceed¬ 
+ing fidnrihkt PafHoiv'Hc is'winged, becaufe nothing 
+
+-- 1 T 1 * — — -*--—;-?- 
+
+u Pint. apud.Stbbccum. > Scholia'llin Thcocr. ' 10. 
+Idyll. Paufan. in Bceot. Pint, in Sympof. 
+
+c Nate, mcoj'wcs, vica wagna petentia. Joins . * ' 
+
+. Thou art my Strength, O Son, and Power alone. 
+
+Virg, 4. sEncul, 
+
+d ehjarc 7 nAn Venus y vndi ph/gunfur amoves? 
+
+Ntida quit us placcat , undos dhnit tat opor/et. 
+
+Why* >; Venus naked, and the Loves are fo ? 
+
+Thole -that like Nakcdnefs fhould naked go. 
+
+flico 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 125 
+
+fiics fwifterdhan Love : It is well known, that he, who 
+loves To-day may hate To-morrow; the Space of one 
+Day does oftentimes fee Love 2nd Averllon, in their 
+Turns, reigning in the fame Per fun ; nay, Ammn % 
+King David's Son, both loved and hated the fame Wo¬ 
+man in. a fhorter Space of Time ; for, with the greateft 
+Degree of Hatred, he turned her out of his Chamber, 
+whom he juft before indeed into it, with the higheft 
+Marks of Love. Laftly, the Boy is armed with Arrozvs K 9 
+becaufe he ftrikes afar off*. • . 
+
+The Graces , called a Charitcs , were three Sifters, the 
+Daughters of Jupiter and Eurynsme , or Ennomia , as 
+Orpheus fays ; or* as others rather, fay, the Daughters 
+of Bacchus and Venus. ' The firft was called b y'Iglaia , 
+from her Chearfulnefs, her Beauty, or her Worth ; be- 
+.caufe Kindnefs ought to be performed freely and gene- 
+roufly. The fecond, c Thalia , from her perpetual Ver¬ 
+dure ; becaufe Kindnefs ought never to die, but to re¬ 
+main frefli always, in the Receiver’s Memory. The 
+third,-/ 1 Euphrofyne , from her (Shearfulnefs; becaufe we 
+ought to be free and chearful, as'-well in doing as re¬ 
+ceiving a Kindnefs. 
+
+Thefe Sifters were painted naked (or in tranfparent 
+and loofe Garments) young and merry, and all Virgins, 
+.with Hands joined. One was turned from the Be¬ 
+holder, as if ftie going from him; the other two 
+turned their Faces, as if they were coming to him ; 
+whereby we. underftand, that when one Kindnefs is 
+done, .Thanks are twice due ; once, when received, 
+and again when it is repaid. The Graces are naked ; 
+becaufe tCindncfles ought to be done in Sincerity and 
+
+Candour, and without Difguife. 
+
+* ♦ * * 
+
+
+
+, u • • 
+
+n didltc «Vo t»k yccpj/.c-, i. e. a Gaiulio.^ 
+
+l > ’A ybuiety id eft, fpkmlor, honcilas, vel dignitan. c * &«- 
+Xiu (nam eft Muftu liomeu) id eft, viriditas Sz con- 
+
+cinnitns* fi $)«>*« vireo. a V-^v-orid eft, L.etitia Sc 
+
+
+Uibanitas. 
+
+
+Vide Heliod, in Thcogon. 
+
+
+They 
+
+
+
+» % 
+
+They are youngj becaufe the Memory of Kindnefles 
+
+received ought never to grow old. They are Virgins 3 
+becaufe Kindnefles ought to be pure, without Expe< 5 la- 
+tion of Requital 3 or becaufe we ought never to give 
+or receive a bafe or immodeft Kindnefs. Their Hands 
+are joined ; becaufe a one good Turn requires another : 
+There ought to be a perpetual Intercourfe of Kind¬ 
+nefs and Afliftance among Friends. 
+
+Adonis was the Son of Cynarus y King of Cyprus , and 
+Jldyrrha . As he was very handfome, Venus took great 
+Delight in him, and loved his Company. When he 
+hunted, a Boar goared his Groin with his Tufks, and 
+killed him. Venus bewailed his Death with much Sor-> 
+row and Concern, and changed his Blood, which wa9 
+fhed on the Ground, into the Flower Anemone , which 
+ever fince has retained the Colour of Blood. And 
+while {he ran to aflift him, being led by his dying 
+Voice, fhe pricked her Foot with a Thorn, and the 
+Blood which came frgm thence, fell on the Rofe, 
+which before was wbit^ being hereby made red. 
+
+Some add another'pleafant Conceit. They fay, that 
+when Venus and Proferpina contended before Jupiter , 
+which fhould have Adonis , Jupiter referred them to Cal - 
+Hope, whom he appointed to be Judge of their Quarrel. 
+Calliope gave this Sentence, that Adonis fhould ferve 
+Venus every Year fix Months, and wait upon Proferpinti 
+the other fix. The Meaning of which Fable is this : 
+Venus is the Earth, and her Adonis is the Sun. She 
+reigns with him fix Months, attired with beauteous 
+Flowers, and inriched with Fruit and Corn ; the other 
+fix Months the Sun leaves us, and goes, as it were, to 
+live with Proferpina . 
+
+Lafily, from Adonis comes the Proverb, b Adonis'* 
+Gardcnsy bv which are fignified all thofe Things that 
+are fine and gay, but ufelefs and trifling. 
+
+
+a xAp"’ 'ok Jm, 
+u Adonidis Horii, 
+
+
+
+i. e. Gratia grntiam parit, in A dag. 
+in A dag. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+ft 
+
+Of the Go As of the Heathens. 12 7 
+
+SECT VI. "The Explanation of the Fable , 
+
+Venus’; Amorcufnefs . 
+
+^ |" s HE. Graces, Cupid , and Adonis are Ventifs Com- 
+X panions, whereby is defcribed that ungovern¬ 
+able Appetite and Inclination, which is in Men to¬ 
+wards obfcene Pleasures. 
+
+1. She is called the Goddcfs of Beauty a?id Comelinefs\ 
+becaufe Beauty is the greateH Fomenter of impure De~ 
+lires. She, fitting on a frail corporeal Throne, fubdues 
+the Soul. She, by her Flattery and Enticement, Heals 
+into the Affedtions, and drives Virtue from thence, and 
+bafely infiaves the whole Man. The Cytbercans wor- 
+fhipped Venus armed. Beauty needs no Weapons : 
+She who pofTefles that is fufficiemly armed. Anacreon 
+ingeniously tells us, that Nature gave Women Beauty, 
+that they might ufe it inftead of Spears and Shields, and 
+conquer with greater Speed and Force, than either Iron 
+or Fire can. Helena, Pbryne 3 and innumerable others, 
+are WitnefTes of this Truth. One Lady, when fhe was 
+bound to the Stake to be Honed, with the Lightning of 
+her Eyes difarmed her Executioners : Another, when 
+her Crime was proved, and tho’ fhe had often offend¬ 
+ed before, when fhe tore her Garments, and opened 
+her Bread*, Hopped the Judged Mouth ; and, when her 
+Beauty pleaded her Caufe, every body acquitted her. 
+
+2. Beauteous Venus rides in a Chariot, as it were, to 
+triumph over her fubdued Enemies, whom Love, rather 
+than Force, has conquered. She has her Ambufhes, 
+but they are compofed of Pleafure and Enjoyment: 
+She fkirmifhes with Delights, and not with Fire and 
+Bullets. The Wounds fhe gives are bloodlefs and 
+gentle ; She ufes no other Flames than what fhe kin¬ 
+dles with her Eyes, and draws the Arrows which flic 
+fhoots from no other Quiver. And if flu; fights thus, 
+it is no Wonder if flic makes the Enemy fly to her, 
+rather than from her. 
+
+
+3. Site 
+
+
+
+128 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+3. She wears a Crown ; becaufe toe is always victo¬ 
+rious. Beauty never wants Succefs ; becaufe toe fights 
+at Leifure, conquers in Time of Peace, and triumphs 
+with her Eyes. Thunder is contained even in her Si¬ 
+lence, and Lightning in her Look. She feizes theBreaft, 
+ftorms the Mind, and takes it captive with one Aftault* 
+nay, with one Look. Beauty (peaks without a Voice, 
+forces us without Violence, ties us down withoutFetters, 
+and charms us without Witchcraft; and in her to fee is 
+to overcome, and to be feen is to triumph. Augujlus 
+refufed to fee her in Cleopatra , left himfelf toould be 
+taken, and the Conqueror of the World fubmit to a 
+Woman : When therefore toe pleaded, and made her 
+Defence, he opened his Ears, but tout his Eyes. 
+
+4. She carries a Looking-glafs, that the Brittlene/s 
+of the Glafs may remind her of the Frailty of her Beau¬ 
+ty. She is crowned with flowery Garlands; becaufe 
+nothing is more fading than Beauty, which, like a 
+Flower is blaftod by the leaft Breath, and broken by 
+the leaft Accident, and dies in the (horteft Moment, 
+
+5. She is born from the Sea ; becaufe as many Storms 
+and Tempefts afHidt the Lover, as difturb the Sea: 
+Nothing but Bitternefs is his Portion; fo that we may 
+fay, that a to love is to fwallow a bitter Potion, This is 
+certainly true, that the Bitternefs of the Sea is Tweet, if 
+compared with the Bitternefs of Love. But fuppofe 
+Love had Sweetnefs, yet, like the Sea, from whence 
+Venus fprang, it is full of tempeftuous Defires, and ftor- 
+my Disappointments. How many VelTels have been 
+toipwreck’d there ? How many Goods loft? What De- 
+ftruftion, not only of Men’s Eftates, but of their Un- 
+derftandings alfo, have happened there ? Inftanecs of 
+which, every body, who is not blind, has obferved* 
+
+6. Confider the Adulteries, Rapes, and Incefts of 
+which Venus is accufcd, and you will find which Way 
+her Beauty tends. See the Precipices into which that 
+Ignisfatuusy in her Eyes, betrays its Admirers, Though 
+
+a Amaru eife arnatori amarum. 
+
+* 
+
+her 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 129 
+
+her Face appears pure and cool as the Ice, it creates a 
+Paflion both impure and hot as Fire. From that Stream 
+of fparkling Fire which comes from her Eyes, Clouds 
+of dark and hellifh Impurity, and black Mifts of Lull* 
+proceed; Thus, by a ftrange Contradiction, many are 
+blinded by others Eyes, and find Tumults raifed in 
+their Breads from the calm Serenity of 9thers Looks 5 
+grow pale at the Rednefs in their Cheeks; lofe their own 
+Beauty in admiring the Beauty of others, and grow 
+immodeft by loving Modefty. 
+
+P. How far, I prithee, will the Fervour and the 
+flowing Tide of your Wit and Fancy carry you ? The 
+Beauty of this Goddefs, I fee, has raifed your Admira¬ 
+tion. 
+
+M. It has rather moved my Indignation: But, how¬ 
+ever you do well in flopping me. She hath detained 
+us longer than I expected, though not without Rea- 
+fon ; becaufe fhe is one of the greateft of all the God- 
+defies. The reft are lefs illuftrious, and will by no 
+Means detain us fo long. 
+
+4 
+
+
+CHAP- XIII. 
+
+Latona. 
+
+T AT01$ whom you fee (landing next to Venus a , 
+'*- J ' was the Daughter of Phoebe and Cans the Titan . So 
+great was her Beauty that 'Jupiter fell in Love with her, 
+and deflowered her: When "Juno perceived that (lie was 
+big with Child by him, (lie caft her out of Heaven to 
+the Earth, and obliged Terra by an Oath, not to give 
+her any where an Habitation to bring forth in : And 
+befides, b flie fet the Serpent Python upon her, topeife- 
+cuteher all over the World. Jimo^ however, was dif- 
+
+
+1 
+
+a A poll odor. 1 . 1. Ovid. 6. Metam. 
+
+K 
+
+
+* Orpli. in Hymn. 
+
+appointed 
+
+
+130 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+appointed in every Thing •, for the Ifiand Delos■ re$ 
+ceived Latona , where, under a Palm, or an Olive-tree, 
+(he brought forth Diana 5 -who, as foon as (he was 
+born, performed the Office of Midwife to her Mother, 
+and took Care of her Brother Apollo as foon as he was 
+born. 
+
+P. But if "Terra fwore that fire would allow no Place 
+to Latona , how could (lie bring forth in Delos„ 
+
+M. Very well; a for they fay. That that Ifiand for¬ 
+merly floated in the Sea, and at that Time was hid un¬ 
+der the Waters when Terra took her Oath, but emerged 
+afterwards by the Order of Neptune , and became fixed 
+and immoveable for Latona’s Ufe ; from which Time 
+it was called b Delos y becaufe it was now vifible, like 
+other Places, 
+
+P. But why did the Ifiand Delos emerge for Latona 7 s 
+Ufe ? 
+
+M. That is not ftrange : For this Ifiand was Sifter 
+to Latona . Some fay, that her Name was formerly 
+Ajieria , whom "Jupiter loved and courted, but (he was 
+converted into an Ifiand : But others report, that file 
+was c converted into a 'uail , and flew into this Ifiand, 
+which was therefore, among other Names, called ,f 
+Ortygia . Niobe’s Pride, and the Barbarity of the 
+Countrymen of Lycia , increafe the Fame of this God- 
+defs. 
+
+Niobe was the Daughter of Tantalus , and the Wife 
+of / Imphion , King of Thebes . c She was fo inriched with 
+all the Gifts of Nature and Fortune, and her Happinefs 
+was fo great, that (he could not bear it; wherefore, 
+puffed up with Pride, and full of Self-conceit, fire began 
+to defpife Latona , and to efteem herfelf greater than 
+her, faying, Is any Happinefs to be compared to mine , 
+
+
+;l Lucian, in Dial. laid is &Ncptuni. Lv Av?.o id 
+
+eonfpicua & manifella, c Ovid. 15. Met. J ’Avro t« 
+0,-ti r/'ju a coturnice. c Ovid. 6. Metam. 
+
+
+u zvbo 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathmi I g f 
+
+3 fiho a?n but of the Reach of Fortune ? fie may rob me 
+of ?nuch Wealth , but fie cannot injure me, fmce fie mujl 
+leave me, fill very rich - Does any one's Wealth exceed 
+mine ? Is any one's Beauty like /nine ? Have I not /even 
+mojl beautiful Daughters ? And as many ingenious and 
+bandfo? 7 ie Sons ? And have 1 not therefore Reafo/j to be 
+proud? In this Manner did fhe hoafl of her Happiftefs, 
+and defpife others in Comparifon of herfelf; but her 
+mad Pride, in a fhort Time, deprived her of all that 
+Happinefs which fhe had pofleiTed, and reduced her 
+from the Height of good Fortune to the loweft Degree 
+of Mifery : For when Latona faw herfelf defpifed, and 
+her Sacrifices difturbed by Niobc , fhe appointed Apollo 
+and Diana to pUnifh the Injury that was offered to 
+their Mother. Immediately they two go, with their 
+Quivers well filled with Arrows, to Niobe' s Houfe; 
+where firft they kill the Sons, then the Daughters, and 
+next the Father, in the Sight of Diobe 0 who by that 
+Means b was ftupified with Grief, till at length fhe was 
+d . -— - ... ■■■ ■ ■> - - ■ - - , 
+
+a Major fum qtiarn cut pojjit forint:a noccre ; 
+
+Multaque ut eripiat, jnulto mi hi plura relinquet ; 
+
+In quamcumque domus advert: lumina partem , 
+hmnenja fpe&antur opes . Accedat eodetn 
+Dig?:a Dea facies . Huic natas adjicefeptem , 
+
+Et tot idem juvenes : & mox generofque , tturujque .* 
+
+Queer it e nunc hah eat quam noftra fuperbia c a it Jam ? 
+
+My State’s too great for Fortune to bereave ; 
+
+Tho’ much file lavifii, file much more mull leave. 
+Throughout my Court behold in cv’ry Place 
+Infinite Riches ! Add to this a Face 
+Worthy a Goddefs: Then, to crown my Joys, 
+
+Seven beauteous Daughters, and as many Boys*. 
+
+All thefe by Marriage to be multiply’d. 
+
+Behold, have we not Rcafon for our Pride ? 
+
+b -- Orha refedit 
+
+Exanimcs inter natos, natafque , vir unique, 
+
+Diriguitquc malts. .1 Jem. ibid. 
+
+She by her Hufband, Sons and Daughters fits 
+A Childlcfs Widow, waxing iliff with Woe*. 
+
+K 2 
+
+
+turned 
+
+
+132 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+% turned into Marble, which, becaufe of this Misfortune, 
+flieds many Tears to this Day. 
+
+The Rufticks of the Country Lycia , in Afia , did alfb 
+experience the Anger of Latona with their Ruin; for, 
+when fhe wandered in the Fields very big with Twins-, 
+the Heat of the Weather, and the Toil of her Journey, 
+brought fuch a Drought upon her, that fhe almoft faint¬ 
+ed for Thirft. At laft difcovering a Spring in the Bot¬ 
+tom of the Valley, fhe ran to it with great Joy, and 
+fell on her a Knees to drink the cool Waters \ but the 
+neighbouring Clowns hindered her, and bid her depart* 
+She earneftly begged Leave, and they as furlily denied 
+it: fhe did not defire, b fhe faid, to muddy the Streams 
+by wafhing herfelf in them, but only to quench her 
+
+Thirft, 
+
+a - gelidos potura liquorcs. 
+
+To quench her Thirft with the refirefliing Stream, 
+
+Quid prohibetis aquas ? ufus commwiis aquarum cjl 
+Quas iamen ut detis, fnpplex peto. Non ego ?zoJlros 
+Ablucre hie art us, lafataque ?ne?jibra parabatn : 
+
+Sed rclevarc Jitim % Caret os bumore loquetitis, 
+
+Et fauces arent , vixque eft via vocis in ill is. 
+
+Hau/lus aqiuc mihi Nedar erit , vita?nquefatebor- 
+
+AccepiJJ'e -— - - — . 
+
+Qucm non blanda poluiffent verba movere ? 
+
+Hi tamen orantem p erf ant probibere ; ?ninafque t 
+Ni procul abfeedat , conviciaque tnfuper addunt. 
+
+Nec fatis cf ; ipfos ctiam pedibufque manaquQ 
+ST urbavere lacus , imoque e gurgite mollem 
+Hue illuc limum faliu movers maligna. 
+
+- -— Why hinder you, faid flic. 
+
+The XJfe of Water that to all is free ? 
+
+The Sun, Air, Water, Nature did not fram« 
+
+Peculiar ; a public Gift I claim ; 
+
+Yet humbly 1 intreat it, not to drench 
+My weary Limbs, but killing Thirft to quench# 
+
+My Tongue wants Moillurc, and my Jaws are dry ; 
+Scarce is there Way for Speech. For Drink I die. 
+Water to me were Ne« 5 lar. If l live, 
+
+Tis by your Favour, 
+
+
+With 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Odds of the Heathens . 13 3 
+
+Tbirft, now fhe was alrnoft choaked with Droughts 
+They regarded not her Intreaties, but, with many 
+Threats, endeavoured to drive her away ; and, left /he 
+fhould drink, they leaped into the Water and muddied 
+the Stream. This great Inhumanity moved the Indig¬ 
+nation of Latona , who, not able to bear fuch barbarous 
+Treatment, curfed them, and faid to-them, a May ye 
+always live in this Water, Immediately they were turn¬ 
+ed into Frogs, and leaped into the muddy Waters^ 
+where they ever after lived* 
+
+With whom would not fuch gentle Words prevail f 
+But they, perilling to prohibit, rail ; 
+
+The Place with Threats command her to forfake ; 
+Then, with their Hands and Feet, difturb the Lake, 
+And, leaping with malicious Motions, move 
+The troubled Mud ; which, riling, floats above* 
+
+3 JEterniunJlagno^ dixit, vivatis in ijio: 
+
+Evelina it op tat a Deo?, 
+
+Still, faid fhe, may ye in this Water dwell, 
+
+. And, as the Goddefs wifh’d, it happ’d. 
+
+
+, CHAP. XIV. 
+
+Aurora. 
+
+* 
+
+M-WTIrLO d° yo u think that ftately b Goddefs is, 
+
+VV that is drawn in a Chariot of Gold, by white 
+
+Horfes ? 
+
+P. Is it not Aurora, the Daughter of Terra and Titan, 
+the Sifter of the Sun and the Moon, and the Mother of 
+the Stars and the Winds? I fancy foj becaufe her 
+Countenance fhines like Gold, and her Fingers arc' 
+red like Rofes, and c Homer deferibes Aurora alter that 
+
+Manner. 
+
+
+% 
+
+h Virg. 6. Ameid. Theocr. in Hyla. Apollon. I. i. 
+c Hymn, in Vcncr. _ , , r 
+
+K % You .t 
+
+
+1 3 4 Q/* tk e Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Your Gbfervmion is very right; it is, as you fay, 
+Aurora , whom the a Gr*s£; call by another Name ; you 
+have named her Patents right; yet b Tome fay, that {lie 
+was the Daughter of Hyperion and Una , or elfe 
+from whom the Poets alfo called her Pallantias . 
+
+P. Does Hiftory relate nothing done by her ? 
+
+Yes, c file by Force carried too beautiful yoking 
+Men, Cephalus and Tithonus 9 into Heaven. 
+
+Qcphalus married Procris , the Daughter of the King 
+of Athens . When Aurora could by no Perfuafion move 
+him to violate his Marriage-Vow, (he carried him into 
+Heaven ; but even there (he could not fbake his Gon- 
+ilancy : Therefore {he fent him again to his Wife Pro~ 
+iris^ difguifed in the Habit of a Merchant ; who, being 
+defirous to try her Fidelity to her abfent Hufband, temp¬ 
+ted her, with much Courtfiiip and many Prefents, to yield 
+to his Defires ; and, when (he almofl contented, he caft 
+off his Difguife, and chid his Wife for her Inconfiancy. 
+She was greatly afhamed, and hid herfelt in the Woods; 
+but afterwards was reconciled to hei Hufband, and gave 
+him an Arrow, which never miffed the Mark, which fhe 
+had received from ftdinoe* When Cephalus had this Ar¬ 
+row, he fpent his whole'Time in hunting and purfuing 
+wild Beafts. d Proc; is, fufpe£ting that her Hufband 
+loved fome Nymphs, went before, and Jay in a Bulb, 
+to difeover the Truth ; but when fhe moved carelefly 
+in the Bufh, her Hufband heard the Ruftling, and, 
+thinking that fome wild Beaft was there, drew his Bow, 
+and fliot his Wife with his unerring Arrow. 
+
+Pith onus was the fon of Lao me d on ^ and Brother of 
+Priarnus: c Aurora , for his Angular Beauty, carried 
+
+
+a Grace dicitur’Ha)c & undeEous & Heous: Lati- 
+
+• 1 k| 4 
+
+nis nominatur Aurora , quau Attrea . Eflenim, ut inquit Or* 
+pheus in Ilymnis, 'AyyiXia. ©aw TjtS^os, id eft, Solis Nun- 
+cia. b Hcfiod. in Theogon. c Ovid, y. Metam, Pau- 
+fan. in Lacon. <l Ovid. Metam. 7. ; c Horatius, 1 . 2. 
+
+Carm. , 
+
+him 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 135 
+
+him up to Heaven, and married him 5 and, inftead of a 
+Portion, obtained from the Fates Immortality for him ; 
+She had Memnon by him ; but fhe forgot to afk the 
+Fates to grant him-perpetual Youth, fo that he became 
+fo old and decrepid, that, like an Infant, he was rocked 
+to Sleep in a Cradle. Hereupon he grew weary of Life, 
+andjwifiiingforDeath, afked Aurora to grant him Power 
+to die. She faid, that it was not in her Power to grant 
+it; but that fhe would do what fhe could ; ;i and there¬ 
+fore turned her Hulband into a Grafhopper, which, they 
+fay, moults when it is old, and grows young again. 
+
+P. And what became of Memnon? 
+
+M. Memnon , their Son, went to Tr oy, to aflift King 
+Priam , where, in a Duel with Achilles , he was killed ; 
+*and, in the Place where he fell, a Fountain arofe,which 
+every Year, on the fame Day on which he died, fends 
+forth Blood inftead of Water. But, as his Body Jay 
+upon the Funeral Pile to be burnt, it was changed into 
+a Bird by his Mother Aurora's Inrerceflion ; and ma¬ 
+ny other Birds of the fame Kind flew out of the Pile 
+with him, which, from his Name, were called Aves 
+Memnoniee: Thefedividingthemfelves into two Troops, 
+and, furioufly fighting with their Beaks and Claws, 
+with their own Blood, appeafed the Ghoftof Mcmno 7 i > 
+from whom they fprung. 
+
+There was a Statue of this Memnon , made of black 
+Marble, and fet up in the Temple of Scrapis at Thebes^ 
+in Egypt , of which c they relate an incredible Story : 
+For it is faid, that the Mouth of this Statue, when firft: 
+touched by the Rays of the rifing Sun, fent forth a 
+fweet and harmonious Sound, as though it rejoiced 
+when its Mother Aurora came, but, at the Setting of 
+the Sun, it fent forth a low melancholy Tone, as 
+though it lamented its Mother’s Departure, 
+
+
+a Ovid. Metam. I. 9. h Ovid 13. Mctam, 
+* Lucian, in PhUofopli. Tames Chib 6, 
+
+Iv 4 
+
+
+And 
+
+
+
+136 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+And thus I have told you, Palaophilus , all Things, 
+which I thought ufeful, concerning the Celeftial Gods 
+and GoddelTes. 
+
+P. How much am I indebted to you for this, my 
+moft kind Friend ? But what now ? Are you going 
+away ? Will you not keep your Word ! Did you not 
+promife to explain all the linages in the fabulous Pan - 
+
+tbcon ? 
+
+Never trouble yourfelf; what I undertake I 
+will furely perform. But would you have us ftay here 
+all Day without our Dinner ? Let us dine, and we will 
+foon return again to our Bufinefs, Come, you lhall 
+dine with me in my Houfe. 
+
+P . Excufe me. Sir ; I will not give you that Trouble, 
+I had rather dine at my own Inn. 
+
+M. What do you talk of Trouble ? I know no Per- 
+fon, whofe Company is more obliging and grateful; 
+Let us go I fay: You are not your own Matter To-» 
+day. Obey then. 
+
+Po I do fo $—1 wait upon you* 
+
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+PART II. 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+Of the Terreffcrial Deities. 
+
+SECT. I. Saturn, his Image , Family, and 
+
+Actions. 
+
+4 
+
+O W certainly, fince we have dined fa 
+well, you will fpeak, and I (hall mind 
+better* Come on ; Whereabouts will 
+you have me look ? 
+
+M. Look upon the Wall on the 
+Right-hand ; becaufe it will be ill 
+Luck to begin from the Left : Upon that Wall, 
+which is the fecond Part of the Pantheon , as well as 
+of our Difcourfe, you fee the Terrejhial Deities divided 
+into two Sorts ; for fome of them inhabit both the Ci¬ 
+ties and the Fields indifferently, and are called in ge¬ 
+neral a the 'Terrejirtal Gods: But the others live only in 
+the Countries and the Woods, and arc properly cal- 
+
+4 4 
+
+? Pii Terreilrcs urbes & caxnpos promifeue incolunt. 
+
+led 
+
+
+
+
+1 38 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+led a the Gods of the Woods. We will begin with the 
+firft. 
+
+Ofthe Tcrrjlrial Gods (which are fo called, becaufe 
+their Habitation is in the Earth) the moft celebrated 
+a re Saturn, 'Janus , Vulcan , JEolus , and Momus. The 
+* Terrejlrial Goddejfes are Vejla 9 Cybele , Ceres , the Mufes, 
+and Themis • they are equal in Number to the Cele¬ 
+stial Gods and God defies. We will begin with the 
+eldeft, Saturn , whole Image you fee there. 
+
+P . Is that decrepid, wrinkled, old Man b Saturn , 
+with a long Beard, a hoary Head ? His Shoulders are 
+bowed like an Arch, and his Jaws are hollow and 
+thin ; his Eyes are full of Corruption, and his Cheeks 
+funk, his Nofe flat, his Forehead full of Furrows, his 
+Chin turning up, his Lips black and blue, his little 
+Ears flagging, and his Hands crooked ; c his right 
+Hand holds a rufly Scythe, and his left Hand a Child, 
+which he is about to devour. 
+
+M. It is indeed Saturn , the Son of Terra (or Vejla) 
+and Caelum , d Ccelus , or Ccelius , e who was the Son of 
+Mthcr and Dies, and the ancienteft of all the Gods. 
+This Caelum (according to the Story) married his own 
+Daughter Vejla , and begat many Children of her, the 
+moft eminent of which was Saturn, whofe Brothers 
+were the Cyclops , Oceanus, Titan, f the hundred-handed 
+Giants, and divers others; his Sifters were Ceres, Teihys , 
+and Ops, or Rhea (whom he afterwards married.) The 
+Sifters perfuaded their Mother Vejla to exclude Titan 
+or Titanus,.Xhe eldeft Son, and to appoint Saturn Heir 
+of his Father’s Kingdom. When Titan faw the fixed 
+
+O 
+
+Refolution of his Mother and Sifters, he would not 
+
+
+- - [-- 1 - -r —1 ------ r 1 -r • “ i n 1 r ~~ - - -... 
+
+^ * . . * 
+
+4 
+
+n Dii autem fylveftres rure tan turn & in fylvis degunt. 
+h Virg. 7. JEneid. c Martian, apud Lilium Gyrald. 
+Gnece dicitur veuves. v Nonn. lib. 21. Diopyf. Ladl. 
+Placid, in Thcbaid. 1 . 6, f Centimani. 
+
+
+ftrivc 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 139 
+
+gtrive againft the Stream, but voluntarily quitted his 
+Right,- and transferred it upon Saturn , under Condi¬ 
+tion, that he ffaould not bring up any Male Children, 
+that fo, after Saturn s Death, the Kingdom might re¬ 
+turn to the Children of Titan . 
+
+jP. Did Saturn accept that Condition? 
+
+M . He not only accepted, but fincerely kept it, 
+whilft he could; but at laft his Deflgn was prevented: 
+For when his Wife Ops perceived that her Hufband de¬ 
+voured all her Male Children, when fhe brought forth 
+the Twins, Jupiter and Juno , (he fent only Juno to 
+him, but lent Jupiter to be nurfed in Mount ida^ by 
+the PrieftefTes of Cybele , who were called Curetes , or 
+Corybantes. It was their Cuftom to beat Drums and 
+Cymbals, while the Sacrifices were offered up, and the 
+Noife of them hindered Saturn from hearing the Cries 
+of Jupiter . By the fame Trick fhe alfo faved Neptune 
+and Pluto from her devouring Hufband. 
+
+P. Was this Artifice ever difeovered to Saturn ? 
+
+% 
+
+Yes; and he demanded the Boy of Ops ; but 
+Ops wrapped up a Stone in Swaddling-deaths, and deli¬ 
+vered that to her Hufband, to be devoured inftead of 
+Jupiter , and Saturn fwallowed it down in a Moment 
+P. What did Titan do, when he faw himfelf cheated, 
+and the Agreement broken ? 
+
+.. _ O 
+
+M\ To revenge the Injury done to him, he raifed 
+Forces, and brought them againft Saturn , and, making 
+both him and Rhea Prifoiiers, be bound them, and fliut 
+them up together in a Hell, where they lay, till Jupiter f 
+a few Years after, overcame the Titans , and fet his Fa- 
+
+* * 1 ^ _ w 
+
+ther and Mother again at Liberty, 
+
+P. I fuppofe tha tSaturn remembered this Kindncfe, 
+and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 
+
+M, On the contrary, He ft rove to take away his 
+lafc, b becaufe he heard by an Oracle, that he fhould 
+
+4 
+
+4 i 
+
+f'< " ' •" 7 /"'■ - - lr ’ rr '-' ” ’ .r.'Ti Jir "l 
+
+4 
+
+a In Tartaro. u Enn* in Euemero. 
+
+be 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen f. 
+
+
+be driven out of his Kingdom by a Son, as in Reality 
+be was afterwards : For "Jupiter depofed him from the 
+T'hrone, and expelled him from the Kingdom, be¬ 
+caufe he had confpired to take away his Life. a Befides 
+this, when he found Saturn almoft drunk with Mead, 
+he bound him and gelt him, as Saturn had gelt his 
+Father Cesium before with his Sickle* 
+
+P. And whither did Saturn go after he had loft his 
+Kingdom ? 
+
+M. Into Italy , b which was anciently called Satur - 
+tiia from him. He lived there with King Janus ; and 
+that Part of Italy ^ in which he lay hid, was afterwards 
+called Latium , and the People Latini , as c Ovid ob¬ 
+serves. King Jarms made Saturn Partner of his King¬ 
+dom ; upon which d Saturn reduced the wild People (who 
+wandered up and down before like Beafts) to civil Soci¬ 
+ety, and joined them to each other, as it were, in Chains 
+oj Brafsy that is, by the Brafs-Money which he invented ; 
+and therefore, on one Side of the Money was ftamped 
+a Ship', c becaufe Saturn came thither in a Ship ; and, 
+on the other Side, was ftamped a Janus Bifrons. But, 
+although the Money was Brafs , f yet this was the Gol¬ 
+den Age, in which Saturn lived, when (as s the Poets, 
+who magnify the Happinefs of that Age, would per- 
+fuade us) the Earth, without the Labour of ploughing 
+
+
+a Statius 8 Thebald. Claud, i. de Raptu Proferpinas* 
+b Virg. Ain. i. Cyprian, de Idolorum Vanitate. • 
+c Inde din Genti manjit Saturnia nomen .* 
+
+Didia fait Latium terra , latcnte Deo . Fall. 1, I* 
+
+The Name Saturnia thence this Land did bear. 
+
+And Latium too, becaufe he fheltcr’d here. 
+
+* Diodor. 1 . 5. Biblioth. 
+
+* At bona pojler it as puppitji Jifriia<vit in arc, 
+
+■; . Hof pit is advent iwi t if if cat a Dei . . Ovid. Fa ft. 1 . 3, 
+A Ship by tV following Age was ftamp’d on Coin, 
+To fhevv. they., once ja..God.did entertain.,. 
+
+
+f Virg. I. Georg. e Vide Tibull. Hefiod. Phcrecrat* 
+Trog. up. Juftin. 1. 41. Martial. U 12, Epigr. 73. 
+
+and 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 14 j 
+
+and fowing brought forth its Fruits, and all Things 
+were common to all ; there were no Differences nor 
+Contentions amongfl: any, for every Thing happened 
+according to every body’s Mind. a Virgil hath given 
+an elegant Description of this happy Age in the 8th 
+Book of his tEneids . b Ovid likewife describes it; and 
+* Virgil again in another Place. 
+
+
+* Primus ab tethereo venit Satunms Olympo, 
+
+Anna Jo vis fitgiens % & regnis exttl attempt is .. 
+
+Is genus indocile ac difpcrjum moutibus ah is 
+Compojidty legcj'quc dedit . Latiiwiquc voccu’i 
+Maluity his quoniam latuijjit tutus in oris : 
+
+AureaquCy ut perhibent , illo fub rege Jiicre 
+Stt’ctda , Jic placida p> op id os in pace regebat. 
+
+Then Saturn came, who fled the Pow’rs of Jove? 
+Robb’d of his Realms and banifh’d from above : 
+
+The Men difpers’d on Hills to Town he brought. 
+
+The Laws ordain’d, and civil Cufloms taught. 
+
+And Latiutn call’d the Land, where fafe he lay 
+From his undutcous Son, and his ufurping Sway; 
+With his wild Empire Peace and Plenty came; 
+
+And hence the Golden Himes deriv’d their Name. 
+
+^ Signabat nullo limiteJ'oJjbr humutn . Amor. /. 
+
+The Delver made nor Pound, no Balk. 
+
+*■ Nec Jignarc quidem aut partin’ limite campum 
+
+F user at. # Georg . /. S, 
+
+No Fences, parted Fields, no Marks, nor Bounds 
+Diftinguiih’tl Acres of litigious Ground 
+
+
+SEC T. II. Names of Saturn - . 
+
+M ANY derive the Name Satnnius (or Sal minus T 
+
+as they anciently pronounced it) 11 from Sowings 
+becauie he fit It caught the Art of Solving and Pilling the 
+Ground in Italy; and therefore he was efteemed the God 
+
+
+
+;t Saturn us did!us 
+h Neptu Neptunus. 
+3. Satumal. 
+
+
+ell a Sntuy ft cut a Portu Port tin us. Sc 
+Fell us, Servius in 7. /Ilneid, Lipf. 
+
+
+142 Qf tf° e Gods of the Heathen*. 
+
+of Hujbandry , and called by the Romans Stercutius , be¬ 
+caufe he firft fattened the Earth with Dung : He is 
+theiefore painted with a Sickle with which the Mea¬ 
+dows are mowed, and the Corn is cut down. This 
+Sickle was thrown into Sicily , and there fell within a 
+City, which was formerly called Trepanum , and fince 
+Trepano from a thence: Though others affirm, that this 
+City had its Name b from that Sickle which Ceres had 
+from Vulcan , and gave th zTitans when {he taught them 
+to mow. But others fay, the Town had its Name, be¬ 
+caufe it was crooked and hollow, like a Sickle. Indeed 
+Sicily is fo fruitful in Corn and Pafture, that the Poets 
+juffiy imagined that the Sickle was kept there. 
+
+2. Again, Saturnus is derived from that c Fulnefs 
+which is the Effect of his Bounty when he fills the 
+Bellies of the People with Provifions ; as his Wife was 
+called Ops , ri becaufe {he helps the Hungry . Others af¬ 
+firm, that he is called Satwm^ c becaufe he is fatisfied 
+with the Tears that he devours ; for Saturn and Time 
+are the fame. 
+
+3. Laftly, others think that this Name is given him, 
+becaufe he is *' the Former of the Mind ; becaufe he cre¬ 
+ates Senfe and Underftanding in the Minds of Men^ 
+and perfe£ts them with Precepts and Prudence. 
+
+
+a Falx, enim Graxe dicitur A^Vayoy, Apollod. 1 . 4, 
+Argon. 
+
+b Ovid. Faftorum. 
+
+c A Saturando, cjuafi fhturet populos annona. 
+a Qudd Efurientibus opcm ferat. 
+
+c Quod ipfe faturetur annis quos ipfe devorat. Cicer® 
+2. de Mat. JDeorum. 
+
+f Saturnus quafi fa tor vy, id cfl, qui men tem, fenfumque 
+creat. ApoUophan. apud Fulgentiiun. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+143 
+
+
+* - ♦ " . m 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+SECT. III. 'The Sacrifices and Fejtwals, 
+
+Saturnalia. 
+
+M E N only were facrifked to Saturn , becaufe he 
+
+was delighted, as they thought, with human 
+Blood 5 wherefore the Gladiators were placed under 
+his Protection, and fought at his Feafts. a The Ro~ 
+mans efteemed him an infernal God, as Plutarch fays, 
+becaufe the Planet Saturn is malignant and hurtful 5 
+yet he is commonly reckoned a Terreftrial God. Thole 
+who facrificed to him had their Heads bare, and his 
+Priefts wore fcarlet Garments. On his Altar were 
+placed wax Tapers lighted, becaufe by Saturn Men 
+were reduced from the Darknefs of Error to the Light 
+of Truth* 
+
+The Feafts b Saturnalia , in the Greek Language 
+Kefrxy [Crania] were inftituted either by Pullets^ King 
+of the Romans , or, if we believe Livy , by Sempronius 
+and Minutius , the Confuls. c Till the Time of 'Julius 
+Ctefar they were finifhed in one Day, on the Nineteenth 
+of December ; but then they began to be celebrated in 
+three Days, and afterwards in four or five, by the Order 
+of Caligula : And fome write, that they have lafied feven 
+Days ; and from hence they called thefe Days' 1 the fir ft, 
+the fecond, and the third Feftivals of Sat urn * &c. And 
+when thefe Days were added to the Feaft, the firft Day 
+of celebrating it was 1 lie Seventeenth cA December. 
+
+Upon c thefe Feftival Days, 1. The Senate did no 4 
+fit. 2. The Schools kept Holy-day. 3. Prefents were 
+fent to and fro arnonglt Friends. 4. It was unlawful to 
+
+
+a Macrob. 1. Saturnal.c. 10. Tertull. deTelHmon. An ini* 
+&dePallio. b Dion. Halicarn. 1 , z. c Lipf, Sat. 1. Dio. 
+1 . $9 & 60. Suet, in Cal fir. Ciceto ad Attic. 1 3. Enid. 50. 
+* Prima, fccuntla tertia. Saturnalia. c Martial. 7. Kpigr.27. 
+Pliu. 8, lip.7. Mart, pafiun Dlo. 1 . 58. Athen. 14. Sea. Ej>. 
+
+proclaim 
+
+
+
+*44 Of the Gods' of the Heathens'. 
+
+proclaim War, or execute any Offenders. 5. Servants 
+were allowed to be jocofe and merry towards their 
+Matters$ as we learn from n Aufontus . 6. Nay, the 
+
+Matters waited on the Servants, who fat at Table, in 
+Memory of that Liberty which all enjoyed in ancient 
+Times in Saturn* s Reign, when there was no Servi¬ 
+tude. 7. Contrary to the Cuftom, b they wafhed them, 
+as foon as they arofe, as if they were about fitting 
+down to Table. 8. And laftly, c they put on a certain 
+Feftival Garment, called Synthefis , like a Cloak of Pur¬ 
+ple or Scarlet Colour, and this Gentlemen only wore. 
+
+—■ ■ — '»■■■ — ■ — — —————— — - —— .. 
+
+* Aurea nunc re'Vocet Saturni Fcfla December j 
+
+Nunc tibi cum Do?nino ludere , wenta, licet . Eel. de Men* 
+
+December now brings Saturn's merry Feafts, 
+
+When Matters bear their fportive Servants Jetts. 
+b Tertul. apud Lipf. c Petron. Arbiter. 
+
+SECT. IV. Xhe Hijlorical Senfe of the Fable . 
+
+By Saturn is m:cint Noah. 
+
+A Lthough it is generally faid, that * Saturn was Nim- 
+JljL m/,the Founder of the Empire of Babylon^ yeti am 
+more inclined to believe the Opinion of b Bochartus r 
+who maintains that Saturn and Noah were the fame. 
+Thefe Reafons, which he brings, feems perfuafive. 
+
+1, In the Time of Noah c the whole Earth fpake one 
+Language ; and the ancient Mythologies fay, that the 
+Beatts underttood this Language. And it is faid, <l that 
+in Sat tints Age there was but one Language , which 
+was common to Men and Brutes. 
+
+a. Noah is called, in the Hebrew Language, c a Man 
+of the Earthy that is, an Hnfbandman , accoiding to the 
+{dual Phrafe of Scripture, which calls a Soldier ( a Man 
+of TVar ; a ftrong Man, £ a Man of the Arms ; a Mur- 
+
+n Bcrofus, 1 . 3. h Bochart. in fuo Phnlcg. 1 . 1. c. 1. 
+3. Generis. xi, c Plato in Politicis ,l Virtcrnc, Generis 
+ik, 2Q, G Jofli. v. .j, 1 Job. xxii, 8. & Vir Brachiorum. 
+
+dcrer. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+dfcrer, a a Man of Blood ; an Orator, b a Man of Words ; 
+and a Shepherd, c a Man of Cattle. Now Saturn is 
+jnffiy called a Man of the Earth, becaufe he married 
+Tellus, whofe other Names were Rhea and Ops. 
+
+3. As Noah was the hr ft Planter of Vineyard fo the 
+d Art of cultivating Vines and Fields is attributed to 
+Saturn’s Invention. 
+
+4. A 3 Noah was once overcome with Wine, becaufe 
+perhaps he never experienced the Strength of it before $ 
+c fo the «$ aturnalians did frequently drink excellively* 
+becaufe Saturn protected drunken Men. 
+
+5. As Noah curfed his Son Mam, becaufe he faw 
+his Father’s Nakednefs with Delight ; f Saturn made 
+a Law, that whofoever faw the Gods naked ftiould be 
+
+punifhed. 
+
+6. Plato fays s that Saturn and his Wife Rhea, and 
+tbofe with than , were horn of Oceanus and The f is : 
+And thus Noah , and all that were with him, were as 
+it were new born out of the Waters of the Deluge by 
+the Help of the Ark. And if a Ship was ftamped 
+upon the ancient Coins, h becaufe Saturn came into 
+Italy in a Ship ; furely this Honour belonged rather to 
+Noah 9 who in a Ship preferved the Race of Mankind 
+from utter DeftrudHon. 
+
+7. Did Noah foretel the Coming of the Flood? So 
+did Saturn foretel 1 that there fhould he great Shian- 
+
+
+
+
+a 2 Sam. xvi. 17. b Exod. y. c Gen. xlvi 32. d Au- 
+rel. Viftor. de Origine Gentis Romanic. c Macrob. Satur- 
+nal. 1. c. 6. Lucian, in Ep. Sat. f Callimachus in Hymn. 
+E Kf.ovoq 0 ar>>\ fj.reu. toutwi* &c. id elf, Saturn us So 
+
+Rhea & qul cum illis fuereex Occano & Thetidc nuti per- 
+hibentur. Plato in Tinueo. h Plutarch, in ‘iv.v.* V << r> 
+K pwoc 'zygocrYf/iMit'tii 'lozc^cci 'Ifj&pv i', &c. id ell, Samrnus 
+
+privnunciat magnatn imbrium vim futurum, & fabricr.n- 
+dam efle arcam, & in esi cum voluciibus, reptilibus, atque 
+jnmentis cfle navigandum, 1 Alex. Polyhillor apud Cyril - 
+contra Julian. 1. 1. 
+
+L titles 
+
+
+*4-6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+titles of Rain, and an Ark built , in which Men , and Birds , 
+and creeping Things Jhould all fail together . 
+
+8 . Saturn is faid to have devoured all his Sons, but 
+thefe three, Jupiter , Neptune , and Pluto . So Noah, 
+the Paftor and'Prophet, and as it were the Father of 
+all Mortals, may.be faid to have condemned and de- 
+flroyed all Men, a becaufe he foretold that they would 
+be deftroyed in the Flood, For, in the Scripture- 
+Phrafe, the Prophets are faid to do the Thing which they 
+foretclJhallbe done hereafter . Thus when the b Prophet 
+fays, when I came to deftroy the City \ he means, when 1 
+came to foretel , that the City Jhould be dejlrdyed . But as 
+Saturn had three Sons left to him not devoured ; fo 
+had Noah three. Sen?, Chanty and Japhet , who were 
+not deftroyed in the Flood. 
+
+Furthermore, thefe Reafons may perfuade u& that 
+Noah' s Son Cham is Jupiter: i. His Hebrew Name 
+Ham is by many called Cham , from whence it is plain, 
+the Egyptians had the Name dusv [ dmoun~\ and the A~ 
+fricans , Ammon or Hammon . 2. Cham was the youngeft 
+Son of Noah , as Jupiter was of Saturn . 3. Jupiter is 
+
+feigned to be c Lord of the Heavens ; thus Cham had . 4 ?- 
+frica , which Country is efteemed nearer the Heavens 
+than other Countries, becaufe it has the Planets vertical, 
+4. Jupiter gelded his Father, which Stones feem to be 
+taken from the twenty-fecond Verfe of the ninth 
+Chapter of Genefis 5 where it is written, And Flam Jaw 
+the Nakednefs of his Father , and told \ or, and cut off $ il 
+for fo it might, by Miftakc, be read in the Hebreiv 
+T'ongtic, by altering only one or two Vowels. 
+
+Japbet is the fame with Neptune \ c for as Neptune 
+had the Command of the Sea, fo the Ifands and Benin - 
+filed s fell chiefly to Japbet'$ Lot. 
+
+
+tl Hebrews xi. 7. b Ezek. xliii. 2. c Callimach. Hymn. 
+i\d Jnvcm. Lucan. 2. 9. <! Et nunciavit, va jagged, pro quo 
+facile legi potuit vejaggod, id eft, abfddit ; turn maxima 
+cum vocalia pun&a null.ulum crant fubferipta confonan- 
+liliiu. La&antius de lalfa Rdigi .ne, 1 . 1. c, 1, 
+
+
+But 
+
+
+
+
+l 3 ut how (hall we prove that Sem was Pluto ? What 
+carried him into Hell ? Not his Piety arid Holinefsj by 
+Which he excelled his Brothers, and glorified his own 
+Namb : But, perhaps, becatife he Was fo holy, and fo 
+great an Enemy to Idolatry; the Idolaters hated hirri 
+whilft he lived, and endeavoured to blacken his Memo • 
+ry when he died, by fending him to the Stygian Dark-* 
+nefs, and putting, into his Hand the Sceptre of Hell. 
+
+
+SECT V, A Philofopbical Senfe of the 
+
+Fable . • Saturn, Time. 
+
+r r . 
+
+. , 3 I * . * • ' f 
+
+T HE Greek a Words fignifying Saturn and Time 
+
+differ only in one Letter ; from whence it is 
+plain, that, by Saturn * Time may be meant. And; on 
+this Account, b Saturn is painted devouring his Chil¬ 
+dren, and vomiting them up again ; as indeed Time de¬ 
+vours and confumes all Things which it has produced, 
+which at length revive again, and are as it were re¬ 
+newed. 
+
+Or el fe; Days* Months, and Years are the Children 
+of Time > which he conftantly devours and produces a- 
+fcew. 
+
+Sometimes he is painted in the Midft betwixt two 
+young Boys and two Girls; and Time is furrounded 
+by the different Seafons of the Year* as Parents are by 
+their Children. 
+
+Laftly* as Saturn has his Scythe , fo has Time too, 
+with which lie mows down all Things ; neither can 
+the hafdett Adamant withfland the Edge thereof* 
+
+
+a Kpo^or, Saturnus, xp° vo $ Teinpus. 
+b Cicero 2. ,dc Nat. Orph. in Hymn, ad Saturn. 
+iGfchyl. in Lumen* 
+
+L 2 
+
+
+< 
+
+
+C I-I A P. 
+
+
+248 Of the Gods of the Heathens ■. 
+
+' . ‘ * 
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+* * 
+
+I 
+
+SECT. I. Janus, bis Image. 
+
+• % ^ 
+
+,P . Strange ! What is this ? An Image with two 
+
+Faces, and one Head only ! 
+
+M. It- Is fo ; and by thofe Faces he fees the Things 
+placed both before and behind him. It is Janu? the 
+11 two-faced God ; holding a Key in his Right-hand, 
+and a Rod in his Left. Beneath his Feet you fee 
+twelve Altars. If he could lay afide that Rod and 
+Key, perhaps, according to his Cuftom, he would ex- 
+prefs to you the Number Three-Hundred with one 
+Hand, and the Number Sixty-Five by the other 5. by 
+differently moving, bending, and weaving his Fingers. 
+P. I do not thoroughly und'erftand your Meaning. 
+M* You will prefendy clearly and perfedily under- 
+Hand both what I fay, and what you fee with your'Eyes, 
+Stay a little, till I explain the Four moft remarkable 
+Names of this God : For, in fo doing, I Ihall not only 
+explain this Pidlure, but alfo tell you whatever Things 
+are neceffary concerning Janus in- this Place. 
+
+
+a ’ Bifrons Dens, Ovid. 
+
+
+_ • 
+
+SECT. II. Names and ASiions of. Janus. 
+
+S OME a fay that Janus was the Son of Ccslus and 
+Hecate: And that his Name was given him b from 
+a VVord fignifyiug to go or pafs through. From whence 
+it is y that c Thorough-fares are called , in the Plural Nwn+ 
+
+
+11 A mob, cont. Gerries. b Janus quad Ran us ah euvdo . 
+c Unde fit, lit tranfitiones perviae Jani (plurali numcro) 
+forefquc in liminibus profanarum ardium janiue tlicerentuy. 
+Gic. 2, de Nat, 3. 
+
+itr 9 
+
+
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+
+»l»# I I • • • *•«»!•« I M* * * »•» 1 | M* » t 
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+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 14.9 
+
+her, Jani; and the Gates before the Doors of private 
+HoufeSy Januae. A Place at Rome was called jani 9 
+3 where were three Images of farms'. In this Place 
+Ufurers and Creditors always met to pay and receive 
+Money. And this Place is mentioned both by b Fully 
+and c Horace . 
+
+As he is painted with two Faces, fo he is called by 
+Virgil d Efrons, and by Ovid c Biceps: Becaufe, fo 
+great was his Prudence, that he faw both the Xhino-s 
+paft, and thofe which were future. Or, elfe, becaufe 
+by fanus the World was thought to be meant, view¬ 
+ing with its two Faces the principal Quarters of it, the 
+Eafl: and Well. He is alfo deferibed f with four Faces 9 
+from the four Quarters of the World ; becaufe he go¬ 
+verns them by his Counfel and Authority. Or becaufe, 
+as he is Lord of the Day, wirh his two Faces, he ob- 
+ferves both the Morning and the Evening; as 15 Hot ace 
+fays. 
+
+When Romulus , King of the Romans , made a League 
+with Fatius. King of the Sabines , they fet up an Image 
+of Janus Bifrons, intended thereby, to reprefent h both 
+Nations, between which the Peace was concluded. 
+
+
+a Acron. in Horat. 1 . 2. Sat. 8. b Viri optimi ad me¬ 
+dium Janum fedentes. Cicero de Oftic. 2.. Deinpiler. in 
+Paralip. c Imus Sc fumrnus Janus. Horat. 1 . cp.i. d Virg. 
+i z. Aincid. 
+
+c fane Biceps anni tacite labet it is imago , 
+
+Solus de fuperisy qui tua terga <vides. 
+
+Thou, Double Pate, the Aiding Year doit fliew. 
+
+The only God that thine own Back can A view* 
+f Qu ad ri irons. 
+
+3 Matutinc pater, feu fane , libentior audis , 
+
+Unde homines openun primes c ait<rque labores 
+
+
+InjUtmint --- 
+
+Old fanus , if you pleafe, grave two-fac’d Father, 
+
+Or elfe bright God o’the Morning, chufe you whether. 
+Who dat’il the Lives ancl Toils of mortal Men. 
+h l^AVceruntlimulacrum Jano liiiVontiquaft adimagineni 
+duonun populuruin, Scrvius in 12. ./Encid. 
+
+L 3 Nam a 
+
+
+
+j Of the Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+JSfuma afterwards built a Temple, which had double 
+Doors, and dedicat' d it to that fame Janus. l/V'hen 
+.Falifci, a City of Hctruria , was taken, a tip ere was an 
+Image of Janus found, with four Faces \ whereupon the 
+Temple of Janus had four Gates. But of that Tem¬ 
+ple we fhall fpeak by and by. 
+
+He was called furukey, or Club-bearer, [ Claviger J 
+from the Rod and Keys in his Hands. He held the 
+Rod, becaufe he was the b Guardian of the JVays; and 
+the Keys, for thefe Reafons : 
+
+x. He was the In venter of Locks, Doors, and Gates, 
+which are called Janua , after his Name j and himfelf 
+j$ called c Janitor , becaufe Doors were under his Pro¬ 
+tection. 
+
+2 . He is the Janitor of (he Year, and of all the 
+Months, the firth of which takes the Name of January 
+from him. To Juno belong the Calends of the Months, 
+and the committed them to his Care, wherefore he is 
+called by fome Junonius , and d Martial takes Notice, 
+that the Government of the Year was committed to him* 
+for which Reafon, L twelve Altars were dedicated to him, 
+according to the Number of the Months; as there were 
+alfo twelve fmall Chapels in his Temple. f The Con - 
+fuls were, among the Romans , inaugurated in the Tem¬ 
+ple of Janus, who were from thence faid * Vo open t be 
+Tear. Upon the Calends of January (and as Macrobius 
+fays on the Calends of March) a new Laurel was hung 
+
+
+a Captis Falifcis inventum eft fimulacrum Jani Quadri- 
+frontis, Servius in 7. ,/Eneid. b Reftor viarum. LiL 
+,Gyr. c Gra»ce ©iw. 
+
+d Anmrum , ntliclique.fator pulcherrime munch. 
+
+Gay Founder of the World, and of our Years. 
+
+Mart . 1 . r o. Epigr. 28. 
+e Var. lib. Human. Sidon. Apollin. Carm. 7. 1. Sat. c, 
+is. f Sidon. ibid. £ Aperire annum. Vide Lcxicogr. 
+
+
+upon 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 151 
+
+upon the Statue of Janus^ and the old Laurel taken 
+away; of which Cuftom a Ovid makes mention. 
+
+P. Was this done, becaufe he was the In venter of 
+Laiirel Garlands ? 
+
+M\ Pliny thought not, but believed this Cuftom was 
+occaftoned, becaufe Janus rules over the Year; b The 
+Statue , fays he, of Janus, which was dedicated bv Numa, 
+had its Fingers fo compofed , as to fignify the Number of 
+Three - hundred fix ty^five Days ; to Jbew that Janus was a 
+God , by his Knowledge in the Year , and Ti?ne and dges. 
+c He had not thefe Figures deferibed on his Hand, but 
+had a peculiar Way of numbering them, by bending, 
+ftretching, or. mixing his Fingers; of which Numera¬ 
+tion many are the Opinions of Authors. 
+
+3. He holds a Key in his Hand, becaufe he is, as it 
+were, the d Door through which the Prayers of Mankind 
+have Accefs to the Gods. For, in all the Sacrifices, 
+Prayers were.firft offered up to Janus , And Janus him- 
+felf gives the fame Reafon, c as we find in Ovid ., why, 
+before Men facrificed to any of the other Gods, they 
+firft offered Sacrifice to him. But Fcfius gives another 
+
+a Laurea Flaniinibits, qua toto perfitil anno 7 
+
+Tollitur 7 & frondcs funt in honore no-Ttse. Fall. 1. 3.. 
+
+The Laurel, that the former Year did grace* 
+
+T* a frefh and verdant Garland yields his Place. . 
+b Quod Janus Geminus a Numa Rege dicatus digitis ita 
+figuratis ut trecentorum quinquaginta quinque (fexaginta 
+quinque alii legrnt J dierum nota, per fignificationcm anni, 
+temporis, Sc revi, fe Deum inclicaretv Plinius. Vide ctiam 
+Athen. 1 . 34. c. 7. & Lil. Gyr. c Tiraq. Lil. Gyr. Apu. 
+leii z. Apol. &c. . d Arnob. contra Gehtcs, 
+
+o -- Cur qnevMs aliorum numina placet/:, 
+
+Jane, it hi primum thura mcr unique fero ? 
+
+Ut pojjts adit urn per me, qui limina fer vo , 
+
+M quofc 11 tiquc <voles, in quit, habere dcos* Ovid, Faft. 1 .1» 
+Why is't that, tho' 1 other Gods adore, 
+
+I firft mu ft Janus* Deity implore ? 
+
+Becaufe l hold the Door, by which Acccfs 
+(shad to any God you would addreft. 
+
+L 4 
+
+
+Reafon 
+
+
+
+15.2 , Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Reafon why Prayers and Sacrifices were, in the firfi 
+PJ ace, offered to 'Janus \ to wit, becaufe Men thought that 
+3II Things took their Being from Janus , therefore they 
+firfl made their Supplications to him as to,a common 
+pat her. . For though the Name a Father is given to all 
+the - God. <; , yet Janus was particularly called by this 
+Name. He firtf built Temples and Altars, b and infti- 
+tutcd Religious Rites, and c for that keajon among. fo- 
+thers , fays one, in all Sacrifices they begin their Rites by of¬ 
+fering Bread, Corn , and Wine to Janus, before any 'Thing is 
+offei ed to any other Deity. Frankincenfe was never of¬ 
+fered to him, though Ovid mentions it in the Verfes 
+adjoined, which therefore he infers either by Poetical 
+Licenfe, or only in refpetSl to the Sacrifices which were 
+in ufe in his Time. For as d Pliny writes. They did not 
+facrifice with Frankincenfe in the Times of the Trojans . 
+Neitner does Homer in the leaft mention Frankincenfe 
+in any Place, where he fpeaks concerning Sacrifices ; 
+which fo e#a£t an Author would never have omitted, if 
+jt had been in ufe. Neither do I find a Greek Word 
+thar properly figmfies Thus ; for Bv'ov, [Thuon] or Butov, 
+[Thu 1 on] fignifies not only Thus, but any odoriferous 
+SmeJJ, He was aJfo called Patulcius and Clufus , or 
+
+Patulacius and Clufus ; from e opening and flout ting 5 for 
+in the Time of the War Janus’s Temple was open, but 
+jfliut in i'ime of Peace. This Temple was founded by 
+Romulus and Tatius , and, as I faid before, Numa or¬ 
+dained tfiat it fhould be opened when the Romans 
+
+
+fi 
+
+
+* Quod fueritotnniuni primus a quo reruin omnium fac-r 
+turn putabant initiutn : Ideoci fupplicabanc velut parenti. 
+Fell us. I. 3 in verbo Chaos . b Virg. ASneid, 8. Juvenal. 
+Sat. 6 Servius in 2 Georg. c Proptereaquc in oznni fa- 
+cri/icjopcrpetua ei praefatiopra3mittitur,farque ilJi Sc vinum 
+pradibatur; Fab. Pi ft. L r. de Ant. La|:. d IJiacis Tem- 
+poribus Thu re non fupplicatum, PJin. 1 . 13. c. 1. Vide 
+peinpft. in Paralip. f; a patent! 3 vel patciacienio Sc dau- 
+dendo. Servius in /. /Fneid. Claud, de Hon, 6. Conf. 
+
+
+b » 
+
+
+waged 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+waged War, but fhut when they enjoyed Peace, It 
+is open in Time of War, becaufe a Spring of hot 
+Water arofe out of the Place where this Temple {lands, 
+■when Romulus lought with the Sabines? and forced the 
+Enemy to march away ; therefore in War they opened 
+that Temple, hoping for the fame or the like Allift- 
+ance ; or, it may be, rather, a becaufe they that go to 
+War, ought to think of Peace, and wifh for a quick 
+Return into their Native Country. 
+
+Ovid mentions both thefe Names of Janus in a 
+b Diftich, and Virgil delcribes c the Manner and Occa- 
+fion of opening his Temple, and the ‘‘ Confequences 
+
+of 
+
+
+
+a Serv. in 7. ./Encid. - • 
+
+** Nomina ride bis, moeto namqiie Pattilcius idem, 
+
+Et mod 0 JacriJico C lit ft us ore <vocor . 
+
+The Pricil this Moment me Patulcius calls, and then 
+"Next Moment me he Clufius names again. 
+
+* Sunt gemines belli port re (file nomine die uniJ 
+Religions facres £s* fienjifionnidine Martis . 
+
+Cent inn atrei elandunt <vecics ecternaque Jerri 
+Robora \ nee cufios abfijiit limine '/anus. 485 
+Has ubi cert a Jedct pat ri bus fententia pitgnec , 
+
+Jpfe fiuirinali trabea cinetuque Gabino 
+lnfiguisy rejerat filridentia limina Confiul, Hsneid. /. 
+Two Gates of Steel (the. Names of Mars they bear) 
+And ilill are worfhipp’d with religious Fear, 
+
+Before his Temple itand ; the dire Abode 
+And the fear’d 1 flue's of the furious God, 
+
+Are fenc'd with brazen Bolts ; without the Gates 
+The weary Guaidian * anus doubly waits. 
+
+Then when the facrcd Senate votes the Wars, 
+
+The Roman Confui their Decree declares. 
+
+And in his-Robes the founding Gates unbars-. 
+
+(I Jjfpcra turn pnfiitis nut/cent fit cula belles : 
+
+Cana Jules, & Fcfia, Remo cum/retire ifitir inns 
+Jura dabunl ; ciirm fierro id compagihus arSt 'rs 
+Claudcntur belli porta -, Furor imp tits inf us. 
+
+Sitae it Jedeus J'ttper anna, tsf centum <vintltis abatis 
+Rcjl tergum nodis , fir emit horridus ore entauo » 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+
+Then 
+
+
+
+15 4 Of the 'Gods of the He at bests. 
+
+of (hutting it again. It is very fltange, that within the 
+Spree of (even hundred Years, this 1 'em pie of 'Janus 
+was fhut only a thrice ; once by Nutria ; the leeond 
+Time by the Con fills Marcus Attilius and ."Titus Man¬ 
+lius, after the Carthaginian War : And Jaflly, by An - 
+gujhts , after the Vi£h>ry at Aflium. 
+
+
+Then dire Debate, and impious War fhall ceaie. 
+And the fern Age be foften’d into Peace: 
+
+Then banifh’d Faith fhall once again return. 
+
+And Vellal Fires in hollow Temples burn ; 
+
+And Remus with Quirinus fhall fulfain 
+
+The righteous Laws, and Fraud and Force reflrain. 
+
+Janus himfelf before his Fane lhall wait. 
+
+And keep the dreadful Ifl'ues of his Gate 
+With Bolts and iron Bars. Within remains 
+Jmprifbn’d Fury, bound in brazen Chains ; 
+
+High on a Trophy rais’d of ufelejs Arms 
+
+He fits, and threats the World with vain Alarms. 
+
+»Liv. 1 . 2. Orof. I. 5. cap. 12. Dio. 1 . 51. 
+
+
+SECT. III. An Explanation of the Fable . 
+Janus, the Emblem of Prudence. 
+
+
+W E may fee in this Story of b Janus (whom fomc 
+
+call Noah) fome Ogyges , fome a Pried, a Philo- 
+fopber, and a Divine ; and fome an ancient King of 
+Italy) who was the Founder of the Town Janiculum) 
+in this Fable of Janus we may behold, I fay, the Re~ 
+pr filiation of a very prudent Perfon ; whofe Wifdom, 
+c Tulty fays, con fills in the Remembrance of Things pa ft ^ 
+and in the Forefight of Things to come - The prudent Mail 
+ought therefore to have , as it were, two Faces ; that 
+according to his natural Sagacity of Mind and Ripc- 
+nefs of Judgment, obferving both Things part and fu- 
+
+
+
+b Mu nil. 2. Cofm. 9. Fab. Pi ft. 
+c In pr.Ttcritoruin Memoria Sc Provider)tia futurorum 
+Tul. tie Seneftule. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 155 
+
+ture, he may be able to difcern the Caufes and Begin¬ 
+nings, the Pro&refs, and, as it were, the fore-running 
+Accidents of ail Things ; that he may be able to draw 
+LikenefTes, to make Companions, to obferve Conic- 
+quences, and perceive Futurities ; and, by a zvife Con¬ 
+nexion of Caufes and Events, be able to join Things 
+prefent with Things to come, and T hings future with 
+Things paft. 
+
+The prudent Per fan has the Key of all Things : Nothing 
+is fo obfeure, that his Undemanding cannot compre¬ 
+hend ; nothing is fo fecret and private, that his Confi- 
+deration and Care cannot detect and lay open ; nothing 
+fo hard and intricate, that his Quicknefs and Dextpritv 
+cannot explain and unfold. With this Key he ex a? 
+mines all the Ways of Bufinefs, and finds which are 
+the molt proper; he fees the Difpofition of Times, and 
+the Exigencies of Affairs ; he removes the Difficulties 
+and the Bars that lie in his Way ; he publifhes as much 
+as is ufcful, and conceals clofely whatfoever will be 
+hurtful to him. With this Key he lays open for him- 
+felf a Paflage into the Friendfhip of others, he infinu- 
+ates himfeifinto the inward Recefies of their Breads; 
+he learns their moft fecret Counfels, their moft referved 
+Thoughts; he refolves Myfteriesand penetrates Things 
+unknown, and feeks and finds, and views Obje&s the 
+moft remote from the common Scnfeof the World. 
+
+farms firft inftituted Altars, Temples and Sacrifices. 
+Thus it is a Sign of the higheft Prudence and Under- 
+ftandingtopay due Honour to the Almighty, to reve¬ 
+rence his Power, to propagate his Worfhip, and magnify 
+his Glory. And as Men offered firft to 'Janus in all 
+Sacrifices, becaufe of his exemplary Holinefs and Pie¬ 
+ty ; fo how much the more Worfhip Men pay to God, 
+fo much the more Honour (hall they receive both from 
+God and Men, as the Precepts and Examples, in the 
+Holy Scripture do abundantly teftify. 
+
+
+C I I A I\ 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+
+* 5 6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens '. 
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+SECT, I. Vulcan. 
+
+P. Heavens ! I think I fee a Blackfmith among 
+
+the Gods. 
+
+M . Very true : He is both a Smith and a God, by 
+Name Vulcan . He has a Shop in the Ifland Lemnos^ 
+where he exercifes his Trade, and where, though he 
+is a God himfelf, he made Jupiter's Thunder, and the 
+Arms of the other Gods. 
+
+P. If he was a God, what Misfortune drove him to 
+the Forge, and tied him to fuch a nafty Employment ? 
+
+M. His Deformity, I believe. a He was born of 
+Jupiter and Juno\ fome fay of Juno only ; and being 
+contemptible for his Deformity, he was caft down from 
+Heaven into the Ifland Lemnos , (whence he is called 
+Lemnius\) he broke his Leg with the Fall, and if the 
+Lemnians had not caught him when he fell, he had cer¬ 
+tainly broke his Neck ; he has ever fince been lame. 
+In Requital of their Kindnefs, he fixed his Seat amongfi: 
+them, and fee up the Craft of a Smithy teaching them 
+the manifold Ufes of Fire and Iron ; and, from /often- 
+zng and polifhing Iron , b he received the Name Adulci- 
+her , or Mulcifor . 
+
+This nafty deformed Smithy which you will wonder 
+to hear, obtained in Marriage the molt beautiful God- 
+defs Venus ; and not long after, when he caught her 
+and ALars committing Adultery, he linked them toge¬ 
+ther with Chains, and expof'ed them to the Laughter 
+of all the Gods. He defired mightily to marry Adi- 
+rtcrva> and Jupiter confented, yielding up the Virgin 
+
+
+a Phurnnt. 
+Virg. 
+
+L i. 
+
+
+de Nat. 
+
+6 . 
+
+
+Door. I-Jefiod. Lucian, dc Sacrific. 
+h a mulcendo ierro. Vide Lucan. 
+
+
+to 
+
+
+111 . 
+
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+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. x 57 
+
+to the Will of this natty Wretch. But (he refitted 
+his Attempts, and in the Struggle his Nature fell from 
+him upon the Earth, and produced the Monfler^nV^- 
+thonius , Erichtheus , or Erichthonicus , who was a Boy 
+with Dragon’s Beet; to hide the monftious Deformity 
+of which, he firtt invented Chariots. Jupiter (as I 
+faid) confenied that Vulcan fhould marry Minerva, if 
+he could overcome her Modefty. For, when Vulcan 
+made Arms for the Gods, ^Jupiter gave him Leave to 
+chufe out of the Goddefles a Wife, and he chofe Mi¬ 
+nerva : but he admonifbed Minerva , at the fame Time, 
+to refufe him, and preferve her Virginity, as fhe did 
+admirably well- 
+
+At R.owc were celebrated the Vulcama , a Feafis in 
+Honour of Vulcan ; at which they threw Animals into 
+the Fire to be burnt to Death. The Athenians inftf- 
+tuted other Featts to his Honour called Cbalcen, A 
+
+
+Temple befides was dedicated to him upon the Moun¬ 
+tain lv /Etna, from which he is fometimes named /Et~ 
+naus. This Temple was guarded by Dogs, c whofe 
+Senfe of Smelling was fo exquifite, that they could dif- 
+ccrn, whether the Pcrfons that came thither were 
+Chafte and Religious, or whether they were Wicked : 
+They ufed to meet, and flatter, and follow the Good, 
+efteeming them the Acquaintance and Friends of Vul¬ 
+can their Adafter ; but they barked and flew at the Bad, 
+and never left off tearing them, ’till they had driven 
+them away. 
+
+P. I have heard, unlefs I am miftaken, that this Vul¬ 
+
+
+can, by yupiteV* Command, made a living JVoman , 
+Is it true ? 
+
+
+M* It is a comical Thing to exprifl Truth in Fables* 
+It is indeed feigned , that the firtt; Woman was fafhion- 
+cd by the Hammer of Vulcan , and that every God 
+
+
+a Ita dl&US fccTTo rif tQi&of i'Ci) p/Ooi'o.;? 
+
+terra. Vide Virg. 3. Georg. 
+
+b Ysly. ap. Lil. c Pollux, 1 . 7. 
+
+
+ex contentions & 
+
+apud Lil. Gyr. 
+
+gave 
+
+
+j 58 Of the Gods of the Heathensi 
+
+gave her fome Prefent, whence fhe was called Paiu 
+dor a . Pallas gave her Wifdom, Apollo the Art of 
+Muflck, Mercury the Art of Eloquence, Venus gave 
+her Beauty, and the reft of the Gods gave her other 
+Accomplishments. a They fay alfo, that when Pro¬ 
+metheus ftole Fire from Heaven, to animate the Man 
+which he had made, Jupiter vvas incenfed, and fent 
+Pandora to Prometheus with a fealed Box, but Prome¬ 
+theus would not receive it. He fent her with the fame 
+JBox again to the Wife of Eplmethcus , the Brother of 
+Prometheus ; and ftie, out of a Curiofity natural to her 
+Sex, opened it, which as foon as fhe had done, all Sorts 
+of Difeafes and Evils, with which it was filled, flew 
+amongft Mankind, and have infefted them ever fince* 
+And nothing was left in the Bottom of the Box* but 
+Hope . 
+
+
+a Paufan. in At. 
+
+
+SECT. II. The Cyclops, Servants t» 
+
+Vulcan. 
+
+P.\X/ HAT Wack, nafty, one-eyed Fellows are 
+VV thofe ? 
+
+M. They are Vulcan's Servants, and work with him 
+in his Shop. They were called b Cyclops , becaufe they 
+had but one Eye, which vvas in the,Middle of their 
+Foreheads, of a Circular Figure: Neptune and Ampbi- 
+trite were their Parents. And the c Names of three of 
+them were Brontes , Steropes, and Pyracmon $ befidcs 
+
+
+
+h A xvv’h.'fa circulua, Sc ^4' oculus. 
+c Ferrum cxcrccbant ^vajio Cyclopes in antro t 
+BrontefqtiCi Steropefqnc> & nudus membra Pyracmon* 
+On their eternal Anvils here he found 
+The Brethren beating, and the Blows go round. 
+
+
+
+
+which, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 159 
+
+which, there were many more whofe Names are not 
+mentioned, who all exercifed a the Art of Smithery 
+under Vulcan^ as we are taught by Virgil. 
+
+
+a --— Alii vent ofs fo Hi bus auras 
+
+Accipiunt redd unique : alii Jlridentia t ingun t 
+JEra lacu : gemit bnpoftis incudibus antnun . 
+
+HU inter fefe mult a <vi brachia tollunt 
+In numcrtan , <vcrfa?itqtic tenaci forcipe ferr urn .' 
+
+Oneftirs the Fire, one the Bellows blows. 
+r l he hilling Steel is in the Smithy drown’d ; 
+
+The Grot with beaten Anvils groans around r 
+By Turns their Arms advance, in equal Time ; 
+
+By Turns their Hands defcend, and Hammers chimes. 
+They turn the glowing Mafs with crooked Tongs ; 
+
+The fiery Work proceeds with rultic Songs. 
+
+SECT. III. Cacus and C^culus, Sons 
+
+of Vulcan and Polyphemus. 
+
+/>ACUS was the vileft of Rogues, his Name was 
+given Him ^from his Wickednefs. He tormented 
+all Laiiivn with his Fires and Robberies 5 living like a 
+Beaff in a difmal Cave. He Hole Hercules 9 s Oxen, 
+and dragged them backwards by their Tails into his 
+Cave, that fo the Track of their Feet might not difco- 
+ver this Repofilory of his Thefts. But Hercules , pair¬ 
+ing by, heard the Lowing of the Oxen in the Cave y 
+broke open the Doors, and feizing the Villain, c puc 
+
+
+* 
+
+b 7 Attq Ty a malo. 
+
+c- Cacitm in tenebris inccndia van a vomentem 
+
+Corripi/t in nodum complcxus ; £3° an git inbevrens 
+Eli/os oculos, & Jiccum fanguine guttur, Viig. JEn. S'. 
+
+The Mon Her fpewing fruitless Flames he found ; 
+lie fqucess’dhis Throat, lie wreath’d his Neck around. 
+And in a Knot his crippled Members bound : 
+
+Then from the Sockets tore his burning Ryes; 
+
+Roll’d oil a Heap the breathlefs Robber lies. 
+
+b i 
+
+
+
+16o Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+« 
+
+him to Death. a His Cave was fo dark that it aJrmi> 
+ted riot the lead Ray of Light. The Floor of it was 
+red with the Blood perpetually fhed upon it, and the 
+Heads and Limbs of the Men he had murdered were 
+fattened to the Potts of the Doors. 
+
+Calculus alfo lived by Plunder and Robbery. He was 
+fo called from the Smallnefs of bis Eyes (it is thought 
+the noble Family of the Cacilii at Rome derived their 
+Original from him.) Whilft his Mother fat by the 
+Fire, a Spark flew into her Lapj hereupon file grew 
+big with Child, and, within the ufual Time, fhe brought 
+forth this Son ; who was afterwards the Founder of the 
+City Pranejle . b Others fay, that the Shepherds found 
+Calculus unhurt in the Midft of the Fire, as foon as he 
+was bom; from whence he was thought to be the Son 
+of Vulcart. 
+
+To thefe Servants and Sotis of Vulcan , add the 
+Shepherd Polypbemusj a Monfter not unlike them, born 
+of Neptune. For, he had but one Eye in his Fore¬ 
+head like the Cyclops ; and he got his Living by Mur¬ 
+ders and Robberies, like Cacv.s and C&culus . c This 
+
+
+a Hie fpelunca fuitvafio fubmota rccejjit 
+Semihomims Caci ; facies quant dir a tegebat 
+Solis inacccjjam radiis ; femperque rccenti 
+Ctfde tepebat humus ; fori bus affix a ftp er bis 
+Ora wirum trijli pen deb ant pallida tabo. 
+
+Huic tnovjtro Vulca?ius erat pater : illius atros 
+Ore v omens ignes magna fc mole fere bat. 
+
+*Twas once a Robber’s Den, inclos’d around 
+With living Stone, and deep beneath the Ground, 
+The Monfter Cacus, more than half a Beall, 
+
+This Hold, impervious to the Sun, pofiefs’d; 
+
+The Pavements ever foul with human Gore ; 
+
+Heads, and their mangled Members, hung the Door. 
+Venus this Plague begot; and, like his Sire, 
+
+Black Clouds he belch’d, and Flames of livid Fir® 
+b Virgil. ./Encid. 7. 
+
+c Vjeerib iS miferorum* & fanguine vefeitur airo* 
+
+Vidi egometi duo dc 7itimc.ro cum corpora no/lro 
+Prenfa mawt magna, medio rcfupinm in antro , 
+
+
+Monfter 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 161 
+
+* 
+
+_ ' 
+
+Monfters drew four of Ulyjfes 9 s Companions into fife 
+Den, in Sicily , and devoured them. He thought too, 
+that the reit of Ulyffis's Servants could not efcape his 
+Jaws; But XJlyJfes made him drunk with Wine, and 
+then with a Firebrand quite put out his Sight, and 
+
+efcaped. 
+
+
+Frangerct ad fax am : fanieque afperfa naiarent 
+Limina : vidi, atro cum membra fluentia tabo 
+Mandcrct & tcpidi tremerent fub dentibus art us , 
+
+Hand impune quidem nec talia pajfus Ulyjfes , 
+
+Oblttufqiie fid cjl Itbacus difcrimine tanto . 
+
+Nain fmul expletns ddpi bits, vinoque feputtus 
+Cervicem inf exam pofuit , jacuitQue per antrum 
+Immenfum, faniem eru£ians y eic fraftra crtietito 
+Per Jbmnum commixta mero ; nos magna precati 
+Numina , fortitique vices, una undique circum 
+Fundimur , £5 telo lumen terebramus acuto 
+Ingens : quod torvd foliim fub froute lat chat, 
+
+Argolici dypei aut Pbeebseat lampadis inftar . Virg. -$£n. 3 . 
+The Joints of Haughter’d Wretches are his Food, 
+
+And for his Wine lie quaffs the ffeaming Blood: 
+
+Thefe Eyes beheld, when with his fpacious Hand 
+He feiz’d two Captives of our Grecian Band ; 
+
+Stretch’d on his Back, he dafh’d again ft the Stones 
+Their broken Bodies and their crackling Bones. 
+
+With fpouting Blood the purple Pavement fwims. 
+While the dire Glutton grinds the trembling Limbs. 
+Not unreveng’d TJlyJJes bore their Fate, 
+
+Nor thoiightlefs of his own unhappy State : 
+
+For, gorg’d with Flefh, and drunk with human Wine, 
+Whilfl fall afleep the Giant lay fupine ; 
+
+Snoring aloud, and belching from his Maw 
+Ilis undigeffed Foam and M oriels raw;; 
+
+We pray, we call the Lots ; and then liirround 
+The monffrous Body, ilretch’d along the Ground : 
+Each, as he could approach him, lends a Hand 
+Tp bore his Eye-ball with a flaming Brand : 
+
+Beneath his frowning Forehead lay his Eye, 
+
+For only one did this vail Frame fupply ; 
+
+But that a Globe To large, his Front i i fill’d, 
+
+Like the Sun’s Difk, or like the Grecian Shi ell. 
+
+M S E C T. 
+
+
+16 2 Of the Gods of the 'Heathens. 
+
+✓ 
+
+SECT. IV*. V he Signification of the Fable » 
+
+Vulcan, a Symbol o/Two Sorts of Fire. 
+
+rr^HAT by Vulcan is underrtood Fire, the Name 
+. JL itfelf difcovers, if we believe a Vcirro? who-fays 
+that the Word Vu lea mis is derived from the Force and 
+Violence of Fire: And therefore he is painted with a 
+blue Hat, b which is a Symbol of the Celeflial or Ele¬ 
+mentary Fire , which is by Nature dear and unmixed; 
+whereas the Common Fire^ that is ufed on Earth, is weak, 
+and wants continual Fire to fupport it, and therefore 
+Vulcan is faid to be lame. c He is fa id to have been call 
+down from Heaven, becaufe the Lightning comes from 
+the Clouds, and to have fallen into Lemnos , becaufe 
+Lightning often falls into that Ifland* 
+
+But let us a little confider the Flames of Love ; for 
+Vulcan married Venus . If you admire, therefore, fo 
+fair, fo delicate, fo beautiful a Goddefs fhould be aW ife 
+to fo deformed and black a God , you muft fuppofe that 
+Vulcan is the Fire, and Venus the Flame : And is not 
+the Union between Fire and Flame very proper ? But 
+this Fire is kindled in Hell, and Mowed by the Cy¬ 
+clops: And thofe who are additted to Vcnery, are let 
+on Fire with thefe Flames; for when a Flame, kindled 
+by the Eyes of a beauteous Woman, lets the Breaft on 
+Fire, how violent is the Combuftion, how great the 
+Flavock, how certain the Deftru£lion ? Hence comes 
+the Lover’s Anguifh: Deadnefs and Faincnefs over- 
+fpread his Face, his Eyes are dull and heavy, his 
+Cheeks meagre and wan, his Countenance puts on 
+the Palcnefs of Arties, which are fatal Arguments of 
+a fpreading Fire within, that confumes and preys upon 
+
+
+u Vulcamis quart Volicanus, quod ignis per acreni voliu t; 
+vi:l a. vi ac violentia ignis. Var.ap, Lil Gyt\ b Serv. S. 
+/Eneid. Eufob. do Prscp. Evang. c Servius, ibid. 
+
+the 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the heathens. 163 
+
+the inferior Parts. But when Impudence has blown 
+the Coals, fo that Modefty can put no further Stop to 
+the Rage and Violence of this Flame , when this hej- 
+lifh Offspring breaks forth, and by Degrees gathers 
+Strength ; Good God ! How does it fpread, rage, and 
+increafe ? With what Fury and Violence does it bear 
+down and deftroy every Thing ? By this Flame Scmele 
+was confumed;, Hercules 1 s Streiig^h was an eafy Prey 
+to it; and hereby the ftrongeft Towers and ftateiieft 
+Palaces of "Troy were confumed and reduced to Afhes. 
+
+Have you given yourfelf up to Venus ? She will 
+make you a Vulcan: She will make you filthy, nafty, 
+and black as Hell : She. will darken your IJnderftand- 
+ing, though you are in the Midft of Fire : For the Fire 
+of Venus gives no Light, but brings the greateft Darle¬ 
+ne fs; it freezes and lfupifies the Soul, while the Body 
+is thawed and melted into PJeafures.. How fad is the 
+Fate of an effeminate Man ? His Toil and Labour is 
+
+
+like the Work of Vulcan ; for he who defperately loves 
+a Woman, takes a burning Iron into his Bread; his 
+Houfe is a Forge, he labours and toils'to foften her 
+Temper more than Vulcan fweats to fafhion the hat deft 
+Steel ; he neeletfts the Care of himfclf to make her 
+fine and handfome. Again, how many Eftates are - 
+melted in Luft’s Furnace? How many roffeflions re¬ 
+duced to Allies, till nothing but Drofs is left, and the 
+Nobility and Honour of their Families difappear and 
+variifh in Smoke ? 
+
+
+No Fuel can fatisfy this Fire; the Heat of it never 
+decreafetb, it never cools; for Venus blows it with Si» r 
+kindles it with Tears, and foments,it with proud Dif- 
+dain and Coldnefs. Her Kindnefs is Cruelty, her 
+Pride is infnaring. What Wonder is it then, that fo 
+
+
+many Vulcans , not only in Lemnos , but every-where, 
+make Thunder at this Forge, which will fall on their 
+own Heads ; by which they are caft headlong fr<>rn 
+Heaven to Faith, that is, from the hb/heft Degree of 
+
+* s ’ 7 • * O 
+
+Happinefs to the lowcfl Vale of Mifery : From which 
+
+M 7, Fall 
+
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+> 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+.164 Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 
+
+Fall comes Lamenefs never to be cured; thefe are the 
+Effe&s of the Love of Venus . If you will believe me, 
+d I believe the Poet, who, in a witty Epigram, fays the 
+fame Thing. 
+
+
+a Yjoy tov’E geJla., ywaXitot T^v \A<p§o£»T>7V, 
+
+’Oc /ft GC.CjlX.bJq Xtcfcuv Tqv 'ZjoS'cg %CO?\bv £%6 
+
+Cupid is Vulcan "*s Son, Venus his Wife, 
+
+No Wonder then he goes lame all his Life. 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+JSL O L u s. 
+
+L ETus now blow out the Fire with the Windy and 
+
+bring up Molus after Vulcan : For he who ftands 
+next him is a Molus the God of Winds y hegotten by 
+Jupiter , of Acejla or Segejla , the Daughter of Hippota 5 
+from whence he is named Hippotadcs. He dwelt in 
+one of thofe feven Iflands, which, from him, are cal¬ 
+led JEolirty and fometimes Vulcan!a . He b was a fkil- 
+jful Aftronomer, and an excellent natural Philofo- 
+pher ; he understood more particularly the Nature of 
+the Winds : And becaufe, from the Clouds of Smoke 
+of the Malian IJlandsy he foretold Winds and Tem¬ 
+pers a great while before they arofe, it was generally 
+believed that they were under his Power, and that 
+he could raife the Winds, or Hill them, as he plcaf- 
+cd. And from hence he was filled Emperor and 
+King of the Winds (the Children of AJtraus and Au- 
+
+
+
+a Ovid. Mctam. r 1. 
+Strab. ap. Sorv, 
+
+
+b Pal*iplut, dc incredibii. Vm\ 
+
+rora.) 
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+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens.. 
+
+
+165- 
+
+
+nra.) a Virgil defcribes Juno coming to him, at hi s 
+Palace, of which he gives a JDefcrip.tion in beautiful 
+V erfe. 
+
+
+3 Nhriborttm in pat riant, loca feet a ftrcnlibus fluff is? 
+JEoliam { venit ; Hie c vaflo Rex sjEoIks antra 
+LuBantus •ventos , tempefaiefqite fonoras 
+Itnperio pr entity ac •vhiclis Cr car cere froenai • 
+
+. lilt indignantes, ntag.no cum murmure 9 mentis 
+Circurn claufra fremunt: cclfa fedet fEohts arcc 9 
+Sceplra tenons , mollitque animos & temper at iras . 
+
+Ni facial maria , ac terras , ccelumquc prefunduni 
+Shiippe ferant rapidi fecutn, nscrrantque per auras . 
+
+Sed pater omnipotent fpeluncis abdidit air is, 
+
+■ Hoc meluens, tnolemque, & monies infuper altos 
+Lnpofuit , Rcgcmqne dedit, qui ferdere certo 
+a Et premerc , CSf lax as feiret dare ff'us babenas. 
+
+Thus rag’d the Goddefs, and, with Fury fraught. 
+The reflJefs Regions of die Storms (he fought; 
+Where, in a fpacious Cave of living Stone, 
+
+The Tyrant JEolus , from his airy Throne, 
+
+With Pow’r imperial curbs the ftruggling Winds, 
+And founding Tempefls in darkPrifons binds. 
+
+This Way, and that, th’ impatient Captives tend. 
+And prefling for Releafe, the Mountains rend. 
+
+High in his Hall th* undaunted Monarch (lands. 
+
+And (hakes his Sceptre, and their Rage commands; 
+Which did he not, their unreflfted Sway . ' ' 
+
+Would fweep the World before them in their Way : 
+Earth, Air, and Seas, thro’ empty Space would roul, 
+And Heav’n would fly before the driving Soul. 
+
+In Fear of this the Father of the Gods 
+Confin’d their Fury to thefe dark Abodes, ^ 
+
+And lock’d them fafe, opprefs’d with Mountain-Loads; 
+Impos’d a King with arbitrary Sway, 
+
+*Td loofe their Fetters, or their Force allay. 
+
+» • ■ r * . ■ * ■ 
+
+
+
+li A P. 
+
+« « » 
+
+
+j 66 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+\ 
+
+* 
+
+chap. v. 
+
+► 
+
+Moitos. 
+
+V-W 7 H O is this Man, and what is his Name ? 
+
+V V M, Do you expeffc a Man among the 
+Gods ? The Name of this God is Mornus , a which 
+Word iii the Greek Tongue figniries a Je/ler , a Mocker , 
+a Mittiick ; for that is his Bufinefs. He follows no Em¬ 
+ployment, but lives an idle Life; yet nicely obferves 
+the A A ions arid Sayings of the other Gods, and when 
+lie rinds them doing amifs, or neglecting their Duty, 
+he cenfures, mocks, and .derides them with the greateft 
+Liberty. 
+
+Neptune,. Vulcan ? and Minerva .may witnefs the 
+Truth of this. They all contended which of them 
+,was the mod fkilful Artificer; whereupon Neptune 
+made a Bull, Minerva a Houfe, and Vulcan a Man; 
+they made Momus Judge between them; but he chid 
+them all three. He accufed Neptune of Imprudence; 
+becaufe he placed not the Bull’s Horns in his Fore¬ 
+head before his Eyes; for then the Bull might give a 
+ftrong and a furer Blow. He blamed Minerva, be¬ 
+caufe her Houfe was immoveable, fo that it could not 
+be carried away, if by Chance it was placed among ill 
+Neighbours. But he faid, that Vulcan was the moft 
+imprudent of them all, becaufe he did not make a Win¬ 
+dow in the Man’s Bread, that he might fee what his 
+Thoughts were, whether he defigned fonie Trick, or 
+whether be intended what he fpoke. 
+
+P, Who were the Parents of Momus? 
+
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+
+all other Men, when nothing but God is wholly per- 
+Fed, fome thing is wanting to every Thing, Fo that 
+every Thing is defective, and liable to Cenfure. 
+
+
+C H A P. VI. 
+
+SECT. I. The Terrejlrial Goddefs^ Vesta. 
+
+S HE 3 , whom you fee fitting and holdings Drum, 
+is the Wife of Caelum^ and the Mother of Saturn* 
+She is the eldeft of the Goddefles. 
+
+P. If file is the Wife of Cesium^ why is {he placed 
+among thefe Terr ejl rial Goddefles, and not amengft 
+the Cele/i ial rather ? 
+
+M. Becaufe this Goddefs b Vefla is the fame with 
+Terra y and has 'her Name from c Cloathing, becaufe 
+Plants and Fruits are the Cloathing of the Earth. Or, 
+d according to Ovid , the Earth is called Vrfia from its 
+Stability, becaufe it fupports itfelf. She fits, tt becaufe 
+the Earth is immoveable, and is placed in the Centre 
+of the World. Vefla has a Drum, becaufe the Earth 
+contains the boifterous Winds in its,-Bofom. And di¬ 
+vers Flowers weave themfelves into a Crown, with, 
+which her Head is crowned. Several Kinds of Ani¬ 
+mals creep about and fawn upon her. Becaufe the 
+Earth is round, Vefla'i Temple at Rome was alfo round, 
+and fome fay that the Image of Vfla was orbicular in 
+
+S 
+
+t 
+
+* 
+
+3 Virg. 9. JEneid. b Pint. 1. 1 . Prim. frig. c Quod 
+pi,intis frugibufque Terra vefliatur. ,J Vefla a viflaiido 
+
+dicitur. 
+
+St at n)i terra fit a Vi ftan do Vefla <vncatar, Ovid. Fall, J. 6, 
+By its own Strength fupported Terra Hands : 
+
+Hence it is Vifla nam'd. 
+
+c Van ap. Aug. 7. de Civ. Cicero de Soinno Hccat. 
+Milef general, phumutius, 
+
+M 4 fome 
+
+
+*68 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+fome. Places, but a Ovid fays her Image was rude and 
+fhapelefs. And from hence round Tables are anciently 
+called ° Vejia , because like the Earth, they fupply all 
+ZVecefTaries of Life for us. c It is no Wonder that the' 
+fir ft Oblations in all Sacrifices were offered to her, 
+fince whatfoever is facrificed fprings from the Earth. 
+And the/ 1 Greeks both began and concluded their Sa¬ 
+crifices with Vejia ; becaufe they efteemed her the Mo¬ 
+ther of all the Gods. 
+
+P. I wifh that you would r.cfolve one Doubt, which 
+I ftill have concerning this Goddefs. How can Vejia be 
+the fame with t Terra i when nothing is more frequent 
+among Mythologifts than to fignify Fire t>y Vejia ? 
+
+M. I perceive I do not deal with a Novice : I will 
+fatisfyyour Doubts. There were two Vejla's, the El¬ 
+der ana the Younger. The firft, of whom I have been 
+fpeaking, was the W’ife of Ccelutn , and the Mother of 
+Saturn. 7'he fecond was the Daughter of Saturn by 
+his Wife Rhea . And as the .firft is. the fame with Ter¬ 
+
+
+ra , as I have already faid, fo the other is the fame with 
+Ignis : and c her Power was exercifed about Altars and 
+Houfes/ The Word Vejia is often put for Fire itfelf, 
+for it is derived from a f Greek Word which fignifies a 
+Chimney , a Houfe , or Houjhold-goods. 5 She is efteem- 
+e'd the Prefident 1 and Guardian of Houfes , and one of the 
+Houfhold Deities, not without Reafon; fince fife in¬ 
+vented the Art of Building of Houfes : And therefore 
+an Image of Vcfa , to which they facrificed every Day, 
+was placed before the Doors of the Houfes at Rome 9 
+
+
+3 nullnm Vefla ncc ignis haqct. Ovid. Faft, 1 . 6. 
+
+No Image Fort’s Shape caa e’er exprefsi 
+Or Fire’s-- -* 
+
+t 
+
+b Plutarch, in Sympof. c Horn, in Hymn. * Ap. Lil. 
+Gyr. i. Strabo. 
+
+1 c ‘ plujus <vis omnis ad aras II foe os pert i net t Cic. de Nat. 
+IDuor. lib. 2. f Dncitur. a Grajco nomine cr»« quod/fc<w<v> 
+pe tea fens, do?nttmfignijicat . £ Horn, in Hymn. Virg. /En.2. 
+
+.•fis* Georg, 1. Eugraphiu3 in lAnd. Terent. A&. 4. Sc. 3. 
+
+1 • and 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 169 
+
+■ 
+
+and the Places where thefe Statues were fet up were 
+called Vejlibula from Veft a, 
+
+This Goddefs was a Virgin , a and fo great an Admirer 
+of Virginity, that, when 'Jupiter her Brother gave her 
+Liberty of aficing what file would, the a/ked, that floe 
+might always be a Virgin , and have the Jirft Oblations in all 
+Sacrifices, Wherein fhe not only obtained her Defire, 
+but received this farther Honour b among the Romans , 
+that perpetual Fire was kept in her Temple, amongft the 
+facred Pledges of the Empire ; not upon an Altar, or ii> 
+the Chimnies, but in earthen Vefiels, hanging in the 
+Air, which th zVeJlal Vvgins tended with fo much Care, 
+that if by Chance this Fire was e&tinguifhed, all public 
+and private Bufinefs was interrupted, and a Vocation pro¬ 
+claimed, till they had expiated the unhappy Prodigy with 
+incredible Pains. c And if it appears that the Virgins 
+were the Occafion of its going out by Carelefnefs, they 
+werefeverely puniflied,and fometimes with Rods. Upon 
+the Kalends of Marche every Year, though it was not 
+extinguifhed, they ufed to renew it, with no other Fire 
+than that which was produced by the Rays of the Sun, 
+Ovid mentions both the elder and the younger Vejla , 
+
+H in the fixth Book of his Fajii. 
+
+
+a Arift. 5.I. 2. Arifloph. in Vefpis. b Val. Max. J. c. 4. 
+Liv. 5. dec. 1. Vah Max. 1 . 4. c. 4. Pap. Stat, 1 . 4 Syl.3.' 
+c Idem. c. 1. Ovid..Fall. 3. 
+
+(i Vejla eadcm e/ 1 , &. Terra : fulejl <vigil ignis utriqiee ? . 
+Significant fedun Terra Focujque Juam. 
+
+Vejla and Earth are one, one Fire they Hi are. 
+
+Which does the Centre of them both declare. 
+
+• • 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+!The Young 
+
+
+An Explanation of the Fable. 
+t Vesta the Vital Heat in 
+
+
+the Body. 
+
+
+|7'ROM hence we may conje£Uirc, that when the 
+
+JP Poets fay, that Vejia is the fame with Fire, tile 
+
+terrible, fcorching, blazing Fire of Vulcan' s Forge is 
+
+not 
+
+
+
+iyo Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+■ 
+
+* 
+
+not underftood ; nor yet the impure and dangerous 
+Flames of Venus , of which we fpalce above 5 but a pure, 
+tnimixed benign 'Flame ; fo neceflary for us, that Hu¬ 
+man Life cannot poflibly fubilft: without it 3 whofe Heat, 
+being diffufed through all the Parts of the Body, quic¬ 
+kens, cherifhes, refrefhes, and nourifhes us. A Flame 
+really facred , heavenly , and divine \ repaired daily by the 
+Food which we eat; on which the Safety and Welfare 
+of our Bodies depend. This Flame moves and actu¬ 
+ates the whole Body ; and cannot he extinguifhed but 
+?when Life itfelf is extinguifhed together with it. And 
+then comes a lafting Vacation , and a certain End is put 
+to all our Bufinefs in this World. But, if by our own 
+Faults it is extinguifhed, we are guilty of our own 
+Death, and deferve that our. Memory fhould rot with 
+our Bodies in the Grave, and that our Names fhould, 
+be entombed with our Carcafes ; which would be an 
+AiHicftion no lefs fevere, than was the Punifhment of 
+the guilty Vejlal Virgins , who were buried alive. 
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+SECT. I. Cybele. Her Image. 
+
+
+P, T RANGE ! Here is a Goddcfs whofe a Head 
+
+IS crowned with Towers, what means this? Is 
+fhe the Goddefs of Cities and Garrifons ? 
+
+M. She is the Goddefs not of Cities only, but of all 
+Things which the Earth fuftains. b She is the Earth 
+ttfelf: On the Earth are built many Towers and Caftles, 
+fo on her Head is placed a Crown of Towers. In her 
+Hand flic carries a Key, which, perhaps, you did not 
+obferve, c bccaufc in the Winter the Earth locks thofc 
+
+
+•** Luc. 1. 2 , de Rcgn.- 
+• liid. 1, 8. 
+
+
+h Servius 3. & 10. yEneid. 
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+' Of the Gods of the Heathens. xyi 
+
+Treafures up, which he brings forth, and difpenfes 
+with fo much Plenty in the Summer. She rides in a 
+Chariot, becaufe the Earth hangs fufpended in the Air, 
+balanced and poifed by its own Weight. But that Cha¬ 
+riot is Supported by Wheels, becaufe the Earth is aw- 
+kible Body, and turns round : a and it is drawn by Lions, 
+becaufe nothing is fo fierce, fo favage, or fo ungovern¬ 
+able, but a motherly Piety and Tendernefs is able to 
+tame it, and make it fubmit to the Yoke. I need not 
+explain why her b Garments are painted with diverfe 
+Colours, and figured with the Images of feveral Crea¬ 
+tures, fince every body fees that fuch a Drefs is fuitablc 
+to the Earth. 
+
+
+a Ovid. Fail. 1. 4 . k Martian. Lil. Gyrald. 
+
+SECT. II. Names of Cybell 
+
+P. ¥S then this Goddefs called Terra ? 
+
+X M* No, c file is called Cybcle , and Ops , and 
+Rhea, and Dyndyjnena , and Berecynt.bia , and Bona Dca 
+(the good Goddcfi) and Ideca^ and Pejfinuntia , and 
+Magna Deoriim Mater (the great Mother of the Gods) 
+and fometimes alfo Vejta. All theie Names, for differ¬ 
+ent Reafons, were given to the fame Goddefs, who was 
+the Daughter of Ccclnm , and of the elder Vejia , and 
+Saturn’s Wife. 
+
+* t % 
+
+She is called Cybcle , from the Mountain Cybclus in 
+Phrygia , where her Sacrifices were inilituted fir ft. Or 
+elfe this Name was given her from the Behaviour of her 
+Priefts, who ufed c to dance upon their Fields, and tofis 
+about their Hair like Madmen, foretelling Things to 
+come, and making an houiblc Noife. They were 
+
+
+c Propertius, 1 . 3. Elcg. 16. tl Stephan us. Strabo. 
+
+c ’Avro T w Kvfiihu.*, id elt, in caput fid tare, Suid. Scrvius in 
+3. uEncid. 
+
+named 
+
+
+
+ZJ2 Of the Gods o f the Heathens. 
+
+named Galli , and this Fury and Outrage in prophefy- 
+irsg is defcribed- by a Lucian in his firfi: Book. 
+
+Others again derive the Word Cyhe/e.fi rom a b Cube; 
+becaufe the Cube, which is a Body every Way fquare, 
+was dedicated to her by the Ancients. 
+
+She is called c Ops , becaufe fhe brings Help and Af- 
+fiflance to every ^Fifing contained in this World, 
+
+Her Name A Rhea is derived from that Abundance 
+of Benefits, which, without ceafing, flow from her on 
+every Side. 
+
+e Dynclymene and D indy me , is a Name given her from 
+the Mountain Dlndymui in Phrygia . 
+
+Virgil calls her f Mater Bcrecynthia , from Berecyn - 
+thus, a Cafile in that Country ; and in the fame Place 
+deferibes her numerous arid happy Offspring. 
+
+She was by the Greeks called s Pafidoea ; that is, as 
+the Romans ufually named her, the Mother of all the 
+Gods ; and, from the h Greek Word, fignifying Mo¬ 
+ther, her .Sacrifices are named Metroa , and to cele- 
+
+
+a - : crincjftque rotantes 
+
+3anguineiim Populis idularunt triftia Gaffe, 
+
+Shaking their bloody Treffes, fome fad. Spell 
+The Priefts of Cybel to the People yell. 
+b *A 7 to ru v.vfiuy Feflus. c Quod opem ferat. d A 
+fluo, quod bonis omnibus circumfluat. c Horat, 1, i. Carin'. 
+
+f- qualis Bcrecynthia mater 
+
+Jnvcbilur curru Phrygia? tnrrita per tiroes 
+Lrcta Dcitm par in , cent urn complex a nepotes 3 
+O mnes cache olds, o nines fuper alia tencnlcs . - ,/Eneid. 6 . 
+High as the Mother of the Gods in Place, 
+
+And proud, like her, of an immortal R/ice : 
+
+Then, when in Pomp Hie makes the Phrygian Round, 
+With golden Turrets on her Temples crown’d. 
+
+Her Offspring all, and all command the Sky. 
+
+" Pafithca, id eft, vruen omnibus diis mater, 
+
+Hue. 1. 2 . h A fx’, jr»}p> mater, derivant ur Cybclcs 
+
+facra, & ixn iyr/;-siv, facra ca cclebrarc. Ccol. Rhod. 1. viii. 
+c v 17 . 
+
+
+bratc 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens , i y 3 
+
+9 
+
+brate them was called Metra%ein y in the fame Lan¬ 
+guage * 
+
+Her Name Bona Dea a implies, that all good Things 
+neceflary for the Support of Life proceed from her. She 
+is alfo called Fauna , b becanfe fhe is faid, to favour all 
+Creatures, And Fatua , c becaufe it was thought that 
+new-born Children never cried" till they touched the 
+Ground. d It is faid, that this Bona Dea was the Wife 
+of one.King Faun us ; who beat her with Myrtle Rods 
+till fhe died ; becaufe fhe difgraced herfelf, and a<£ted 
+very unfuitable to the Dignity of a Queen, by drink¬ 
+ing fo much Wine that fhe .became drunk. But the 
+King, afterwards repenting of his Severity, deified hi3 
+dead Wife, and paid her divine Honours. This is the 
+Reafon afligned, why it was forbid, that any one fhould 
+bring Myrtle into her Temple. c And, in her Sacrifices* 
+the Veflels of Wine were covered; and, when the Wo¬ 
+men drank out of them, they called it Milk, not Wine, 
+f The Modeffy of this Goddefs was fo extraordinary, 
+that no Man ever favv her except her Hufband ; or 
+fcarce heard her Name; wherefore her Sacrifices were 
+performed in private, s and all Men were excluded from 
+the Temple. From the great Privacy ohferved by her 
+Votaries, the Place in which her Sacrifices were per¬ 
+formed was called h Opertum , and the Sacrifices them . 
+felves were Riled 5 Opertanea , and for the fame Reafon 
+Pluto is by the Poet's called k Operius. Silence was ob- 
+
+
+
+3 Bona quod omnium nobis nd vidlum honor, m caufa fit, 
+fabeo ap. Lil. Syntag. 4. p. 143. b Fauna quod animan- 
+tihus favor c dicatur. c Patna a fando , qu6d infantes non 
+prius vocem cmittere credcrentur quani terram ip (am atii- 
+giflout. d Sext. Clod. apud. La&ant. c i lut. in Probl. 
+1 Ju\ c.ial. Sat. 9. 
+
+t Sacra Bonn' war thus no?i aJrunda Dea:, 
+
+
+No Men admitted were to Cy A Yds Rites. Fib 
+h L'io. 1. ad Action in, So in Paradox. 1 PI in 1. 
+k Fo/,k du/no; Styjjias, arc an an no Diiis Ofcrti. 
+
+
+1 . Ehf r 6 , 
+
+10. c. 56. 
+
+
+ferved 
+
+
+
+
+* 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+ferved in a moft peculiar Manner in the Sacrifices d of 
+Bona Dea, as it was in a !efs Degree in all other Sacri¬ 
+fices, according to the Do&rine of the Pythagoreans 
+and Egypt tans, who e taught that Qod was to be wor« 
+fhipped in Silence ; becaufe from thence, at the firft 
+Creation, all Things took their Beginning. To the 
+fame Purpofe, Plutarch fays, f Men were our Mafieri 
+to teach us to fpeak , but zve learn Silence from the Gads, 
+From thefe zv'e learn to hold our Peace , in their Rites and 
+. Initiations . 
+
+She was called s Jdaa Mater, from the Mountain Ida 
+in Phrygia , or Crete , for file was at both Places highly 
+honoured : As alfo at Rome , whither they brought her 
+from the City Peffinus in Galatia , by a remarkable Mi¬ 
+racle. For when the Ship in which (he was carried, 
+flopped in the Mouth of Tiber , the Veflal Claudia 
+(whofe fine Drefs and free Behaviour made her Mo- 
+defty fufpe&ed) eafily drew the Ship to Shore with her 
+Girdled, where the Goddefs was received by the Hands 
+of Virgins, and the Citizens went out to meet her, 
+placing Confers with Frankincenfe before their Doors; 
+and, when they had lighted the Frankincenfe, they 
+prayed that file would enter freely into Rome , and be 
+favourable to it. And becaufe the Sibyls had pro- 
+phefied, that Idata Metier fhould be introduced by the bejl 
+
+
+To hear Hell’s fecret Counfels, and to know 
+Dark Pluto's Rites and My lb rics below. Lucian . 1 . 6. 
+
+** Hinc mater cultrix C'ybclc , Cory bant iaqtic ara f 
+Jdotampic nemus : bine Jida Jikntia j'acris , 
+
+Et fundi cur rum Dominecfullerc Leo tics. JEneitl. 1 . 3, 
+
+Hen- Cybclc , • the Mother of the Gods, 
+
+With tinkling Cymbals charm’d th’ Ida an Woods. 
+
+She fee ret Rites and Ceremonies taught. 
+
+And to the Voice the lavage Lions brought. 
+
+0 Ap De la Cerda in iEncid. 3. f Loqucndi magiflros 
+homines habemus, Uicendj Deos : ab illis filcniiuni ncci- 
+pientes in inuiationibus & mylteriis, Plut. de Loquac. 
+K. Luc. 1 . Zm 
+
+
+Of the Gods of-the Heathens. ijg 
+
+Man among, the Romans. . "The Senate a zua.s a little bttfed 
+to pafs a ■ 'Judgment in the Cafe , and refolve , who zuas 
+the heft Man in the City . For every one zuas ambi¬ 
+tious to get the Victory in a Difpute oft that Nature \ arid 
+more than if they food to be defied to any Commands or bid- 
+notirs by the Voices either of the Senate or People, fit laf 
+the Senate refolved that P. Sclpio, the So?j of that Cneus 
+who was killed in Spain, a young Gent lemon who had never 
+yet been Quaker, was the beft Man in the whole City. 
+
+She was called Peffinuntia , b from a certain Field in 
+Phrygia , into which an Image of her fell from Hea¬ 
+ven ; from which Fall *•' the Place was called Pefjihus , 
+and the Goddefs. Peffinuntia. And in this Place firft 
+the Phrygians began to celebrate the Sacrifices Orgia to 
+this God dels, near the River Gallus , from whence her 
+Priefts were called d Gcilli: as I {ball tell you, after 
+I have ob'ferved, that, when thefe Priefis defired that 
+a great Refpedl and Adoration Ihould be paid to any 
+Thing, they pretended that it fell from Heaven; and 
+they called thofe Images At owst?, [Diopeteft\ that is, 
+fent from Jupiter, Of which Sore were the c Ancile^ 
+the Palladium , and the Effigies of this Goddefs, con¬ 
+cerning which we now fpeak. 
+
+• • 
+
+. . . . . , lMl — ^ — » —. . ■ — - . - . , ■ « , 
+
+\ 
+
+a Haud parvrc rei judicium fenatum tenebat, qui vh; 
+opiimus in civitatc cflet; verum certc vidtoriam ejus rei 
+fibi quifque mallet, quam ullaimpcria, honorofve, AifFragio 
+feu Patrum, feu Plcbis, dclatos. Pat res Confcripti P.. 
+Scipionem Cnei filium ejus qui in HiJpania occidcbnt, 
+adolefccntem, nondum Qureftorem, judicavcrunt in tota. 
+civitate virum optimum die. b tlefiod .1.1. C U 7 I 0 Ty 
+ulpuV, ii cadendo, <l Peitus. d Herod. 1 . t. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+SECT. III. 
+
+
+# * 
+
+The Sacrifices of Cybele, 
+
+
+■T T T ER Sacrifices, like the Sacrifices of Bacchus , 
+JtJ a were celebrated with a confufed Noife of Tim¬ 
+brels, Pipes, and Cymbals ; and the Sacrificants howled^ 
+as if they were mad ; they profaned both the Temple 
+of their Goddefs, and the Ears of their .Hearers, with 
+their filthy Words and Actions. The following Rite3 
+were peculiarly obferved in her Sacrifices : h Her Tem¬ 
+ple was opened not by Hands, but by Prayers : None 
+entered who had tafted Garlick : The*Priefts facrificed 
+to her, fitting, and touching the Earth, and offered the 
+Hearts of the Victims. And, laftly, among the Trees, 
+the Box and the Pine were facred to her. Th e Box, 
+becaufe the Pipes ufed in her Sacrifices were made of 
+3t: c 'The Pine, for the Sake of Atys , Attes , or Attines , 
+a Boy that Cybele much loved, and had made him Pre¬ 
+sident of her Rites, upon Condition that he always 
+preferved his Chaftity inviolate. But he forgot his 
+Vow and loft that Virtue. d Wherefore the offend¬ 
+ed Goddefs threw him into fuch a Madnefs, that he 
+emafculated himfelf; (though c Lucian fays that Cybele 
+did it) and, when he was about to lay violent Hands 
+upon hirnfelf, ihe, in Pity, turned him into a Pine . 
+
+But take Notice that there was a true Atys , the Son 
+of Crcefus King of Lydia . He was born dumb : But 
+when he faw in the Fight a Soldier at his Father’s Back, 
+with a Sword lifted up to. kill him, the Strings of his 
+Tongue, which hindered his Speech, burft; and, by 
+fpeaking clearly, he prevented his Father’s Deftruftion. 
+
+
+1 
+
+a Apulci. 8. Metam. Claud. 2. deRaptu. b Serv, in 6. 
+^Bncicl, A then. ap. Lil. Gyrald. p. 143. Lil. Gyrald. Syntu 
+4. p. 143. L aft ant. p. in 8. Theb. c Scrv. in Aineid. 
+11 Auguft. 7. de CivitateDei. c Lucian, dc Dea Syra. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+
+SECT. IV. ^The Priejts <?/ Cvbele. 
+
+
+I a Juft now told you, that her Priefls were called 
+Gall'll from a River of Phrygia of that .Name : 
+Such v/as the Nature of the Water of that River, that 
+v/hofocver drank of it immediately grew mad to fuch 
+a Degree as to geld hirnfelf. This is certain, di.it the 
+Galli were c aft rated, and from thence called Semivin : 
+As often as they facrificed, they furioufty cut and flafh- 
+ed their Arms with Knives ; and thence all furious and 
+mad People were called Gallanies . b Befides the Name 
+of Gallic they were alfo called Curctes , Corybanics , Pel- 
+chines , Cabiri , and Idat Dattyli. Some fay, that thcfe 
+Priefts were different from the Galli \ but, becaufe 
+moft People believe them to be the fame, and fay that 
+they were all Priefts of Cybeie , therefore I will fpeak 
+fomething of each of them. 
+
+The Cnretes were either Cretans? or AEtolians , or Eu- 
+bosans , and had their Names, from c Shaving j fo that 
+Cnretes and Detonji fignify almoft the fame Thing. For 
+they fhaved the Hair of their Heads before, but wore 
+Hair behind, that they might not be taken (as it has 
+often happened) by the Forelocks, by the Enemy; or, 
+perhaps, they were called Curetes , ,l becaule they were 
+habited in long Veils, like young Maidens j or, laftly, 
+c becaufe they educated Jtipiter in his Infancy. 
+
+Her Priefts were alio called Cory bant es $ becaufe, in 
+the Sacrifices of their Goddefs, they toiled their Heads 
+and danced, a nd butted with' their Foreheads like Rams, 
+after a mad Fafliion. Thus, when they initiated any 
+
+
+n Lil. Gyr. p. 141 
+
+Callus. 
+
+
+b Vart*. apud Nonn. in verbo 
+
+
+■—■ - — ■ J | * • - — 1 
+
+'aftus. c 'jWo a ton fit ra Curctes dicchantur. 
+
+’A? ro K Arou a puella quod puellarum fiolain imluebitijr. 
+
+* ’Attp rric, vopxtpiot:, ab educatione juvemnn, ijuod Joveiu 
+infuntem aluifle perhibentur. Strabo. 
+
+
+
+on 3 
+
+
+jyS Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+one in their Sacrifices, a they placed him in a Chair, 
+and danced about him like Fools. 
+
+Another Name of her Priefls was < Telchines . ThWe 
+were famous Magicians and Enchanters \ and they came 
+from Crete to Cyprus , and thence into Rhodes , which 
+latter Ifland was called 'Telchincs from them. b Or, if 
+we believe others, they were deferring Men, and in¬ 
+vented many Arts for the Good of the Publick : For, 
+they firft fet up the Statues and the Images of the Gods. 
+
+The Cahirt^ or Caber /', fo called from Cabiri, Moun¬ 
+tains of Phrygia , c were either the Servants of the Gods, 
+or Gods themfelves, or rather Damons, or the fame 
+with the Coryhantes \ for. People’s Opinions concern¬ 
+ing them arc different. 
+
+'Flie Idai Dadlyli 11 were the Servants arid AJJtftanU 
+of Magna Mater , called Idas from the Mountain Ida , 
+where they lived ; and DaEtylt c from the Fingers j 
+for thefe Priefts were ten, like the Fingers : f They 
+ferved Rhea every-where, and in every Thing, as if 
+they were Fingers to her . s Yet many affirm, that 
+there were more than ten. 
+
+
+:l ’a 7*0 tb acornibus feriendo, & @:ductv inccdcn- 
+
+do, Strabo. 1. i. Plato in Euthid. h Strabo ibid. c klcm 
+ibid. l] Sophocl. apud. Lil. Gyr. Digitienim Grace di- 
+cuntur 3&tTtAoi. f Jul. Pol. 1 . i. s Strabo. Diod. ap. Gyr. 
+
+
+C H A P. VIII. 
+
+SECT, I, Ceres, Her Image. 
+
+
+
+P. O U have faid enough, dear Sir, of Cybcle ; pray 
+
+tell me, who that tall majeftick Lady is, that 
+Hands there, f ‘ beautified with yellow Hair, and crown- 
+
+
+h Ovid. 4. Fall. Arnobius 5. contra Gcntcs, Martian. 
+
+1. de Nupt. 
+
+cd 
+
+
+Aw f 
+
+
+
+
+PI xw. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the "Heathens. jyg 
+
+_ _ 
+
+ed with a Turbant com poled of die Ears of Corn ; her 
+Bofom fwells widi Breafts as white as Snow. Her 
+Right-hand is filled with Poppies and Ears of Corn, 
+and in her Left is a lighted Torch. 
+
+9 
+
+SECT. II. ft be Explication of the Image. 
+
+w 
+
+9 
+
+Mf TT T is Ceres , my Palecophilus , 3 the Daughter of 
+JL Satur?i and Ops ; whole lingular Beauty made 
+the Gods themfelves her Lovers and Admirers. Her 
+Brothers Jupiter and Neptune fell in Love with her, and 
+debauched her : b She had Profcrpina by Jupiter ; and 
+by Neptune it is uncertain whether fhe had a Daughter 
+or a Horfe : For, c as feme lay, when fhe avoided the 
+Purfuits of Neptune , who followed her, fhe cafl her- 
+felf among a Drove of Mares, and immediately put on 
+the Shape of a Mare ; which Neptune , perceiving, he 
+made himfelf a Horfe ; and from her he begat the 
+Horfe Avion . d Ovid himfelf is of this Opinion : And 
+from hence I fuppofe the Story comes, which c Paufa - 
+mas relates. Upon the Mountain Adieus in Arcadia , an 
+Altar was dedicated to Ceres ; her Image had the Body 
+of a Woman, but the Head of a Horfe ; it remained 
+intire and unhurt in the Midft of Fire. Yet others 
+have told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a Horfe, 
+but a Daughter : f The Arcadians thought it a wicked 
+Thing to call this Daughter by any other Name 
+
+
+a Hefiod. in Thcogon. b Jdcm ibid. c Procl. in 
+Georg. Virg. 
+
+11 Et tc, jla<va capiasfrugtan mitifftma mater 9 
+Seii/it cqnum - 
+
+The Gold-hair’d gentle Goddefs Ceres knew . 
+
+Thee in a Ho rib’s Shape. 
+c Paufanias in Arcad. 
+
+{ Paufanias in Arcad, 
+
+N 2 than 
+
+
+180 Of the Gods of the Ileathens. 
+
+a 
+
+* V 
+
+than a the Lady , or the Great Goddejs , which were the 
+ufual Names of her Mother Ceres . 
+
+Ceres was greatly afhamed of this Difgrace : She ex¬ 
+ceedingly lamented the Lofs of her Honour, and telfi- 
+fied her Sorrow by the Mourning Cloatbs, which af¬ 
+terwards fhe wore (whence (he was named Ma/,zna } 
+M &x f v<x 9 nigra:) She retired into the dark Receives of 
+a Cave, where fhe lay fo privately that none of the 
+■-Gods knew where fhe was, till Pan the God of the 
+Woods difcovered her by Chance, and told Jupiter ; 
+who, fending the Fates to her, perfuaded her at: laft 
+to lay afide her Grief and rife out of the Cava , which 
+was a happy and joyful Thing for all the World. For, 
+in her Abfence, a' great Infection reigned throughout 
+all Sorts of living Creatures, which fprang from the 
+'Corruption of the Fruits of the Earth, and the Gra¬ 
+naries every-where. 
+
+P. But why were the Fruits of the Earth corrupted 
+in her Abfence ? 
+
+___ % J * • ‘ 
+
+lid. W hy ? Do you not know that fhe" is the Goddejs 
+
+of the Fruits 3 and that, her very Name is derived b from 
+her Care, in producing or preferving the Fruits of the 
+Earth ? And, have you not heard that fhe firft invented 
+and taught the Art of tilling the Earth, and fowing 
+Corn, and all Pulfe (except Beans) and of making 
+Bread therewith, whereas before they only cat Acorns? 
+This you may learn from c Ovid , who tells us that 
+Ceres was the firft that made Laws, provided wholc- 
+fome Food, and taught the Art of Hufbandry, of Plow¬ 
+ing and Sowing : For, before her Time, the Earth lay 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+« * 
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+V 
+
+
+a Atoirowa Domina, & Magna Dea. b Cere j 
+uafi Ceres a ge rend is frn&ibus : Aut quafi Sere 
+
+
+vs dicitur 
+
+quail Uercs a gercnciis irnttibus : Aut quaii Serous vcl ab 
+antiquo Verbo Coro, qu6d idem eft ac Crco, quod 
+cumftnrum frugum creatrix fit Sc altrix. Cicero 2. do Nat, 
+Deorum. Matcn. cle prof. Rel. c. 18. Scaliger Sc Scrvius 
+in 1. Georg. Callimach. Hymn, in Cercrcm. 
+c Plin, 7. c. 50. 
+
+rough 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. i 8 i 
+
+rough and uncultivated, covered with Briars, and un¬ 
+profitable Plants; where there were no Proprietors of 
+Land, they negledted to cultivate it; when no-body 
+had any Ground of his own, they did not a care to Bx 
+Land-marks: But all Things were common to all 
+Men, till Ceres , who had invented the Art of Hufban- 
+dry, taught Men how to exercife it"; and then they be¬ 
+gan to contend and difpute about the Limits of thofe 
+Fields, from whofe Culture they reaped fo much Pro¬ 
+fit: And from hence it was necefiary that Laws fhould 
+be ena£ted to determine the Rights and Properties of 
+thofe who contended. P'or this Reafon Ceres was 
+named the h Found refs of Laws. 
+
+P. I underfland now the Meaning of her Crown 
+made of Coi n ; but yet I do not fee what that Handful 
+of Popples fignifies. 
+
+M I will explain the Signification of that alfo in 
+its Place ; but firft let me fpealc of fo trie other Things. 
+
+As, i. She is beautiful and well-fhaped, becaufe the 
+Eart)i, which fhe refembles, appears beautiful and de¬ 
+lightful to the Beholders ; efpecially when it is array¬ 
+ed with Plants, diverfified with Trees, adorned with 
+Flowers, enriched with Fruits, and covered with 
+Greens; when it difplays the Honours of the Spring, 
+and pours forth the Gifts of Autumn with a bountiful 
+
+Hand. 
+
+
+a Prhna Ceres unco glebam dimowit aratro. 
+
+Prime dedit fruges cilimentaque initio, terns, 
+
+Prhna dedit leges. Cereris funt omnia imams. 
+
+Ceres was flic who firft our Furrows plough’d : 
+
+Who gave fweet Fruits, and eafy Food allow’d. 
+
+Ceres firft tam’d us with her gentle Laws, 
+
+From her kind Hand the World Subfiilance draws. 
+Aut Jignare quidem , out partiri limite campum. 
+
+Or to make Land-marks, or to balk their Fields 
+b Lcgifera, & Greece ; cjufquc facra dicebantur 
+
+§*T(to(po(ttce. : Vocabatur etiam Ceres Av)(ay} > quail 
+id ell, Terra Mater. Virg. Mn. 3. & Scrvius ibid. 
+
+N 3 2. Her 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+
+
+id z Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+2. Her Hair is yellow , and when the Ears of Cora 
+are ripe, they are adorned with that golden Colour. 
+
+3. Her Breads (well with Milk ( a whence fhe is (filed 
+Mammofa fometimes) 6 becaufe after the Earth is im¬ 
+pregnated wiih Seed, and big with the Fruits thereof, 
+it brings forth all Things out of itfelf in Abundance, 
+and, like a Mother, feeds and nourishes us $ whence 
+file is called c Alma , and ,l Altrix nojlra. 
+
+4. She holds a lighted Torch ; becaufe, when Pro* 
+ferpirn was ftolen away by Plato , her Mother c Ceres 
+was greatly afRi£led at the Lofs of her Daugher, and 
+being very defirous to find her again, {he kindled her 
+Torches (they fay) with the Flames, which burfl: from 
+the Top of the Mountain JEtna ; and with them fought 
+her Daughter through the whole World. 
+
+5. She carries Poppy; becaufe, when through Grief 
+fhe could not obtain the lead: Reft or Sleep, Jupiter 
+gave her Poppy to eat: f For, they fay, this Plant is 
+endued with a Power to create Sleep and Forgetful- 
+nefs. Her Grief was a little allayed by Sleep, but fhe 
+forgot not her Lofs, and, after many Voyages and 
+Journeys, {he at laft heard where Profcrpina was, as 
+you will hear in its proper Place. 
+
+P. But what is that young Man that fits in a 
+Chariot drawn by flying Serpents ? 
+
+A'l. It is ‘Triptolemus , in the Chariot which Cera 
+gave him. He was the Son of Eleuflus , or Ceres , a 
+Nobleman. Ceres brought him up from his Infancy, 
+upon this Occafion: W’hilft fhe fought Proferpina by 
+Sea and Land, s upon the Way fhe came into the City 
+Eleufts , where the Father of Triptolemus entertained 
+her ; whofc Kindnefs fhe requited, by breeding up his 
+
+
+
+a Lil. Gyral. Synt. 14. b Cicero 2. Sc 3. de Nat, 
+pcor. c Virgil. 1. Georg. d t iccro dc Nat. Deor. 2. 
+c Cicero in Verrem f Serv. in. 1. Geonr. 
+
+R Callimachus in livmuis Cercris. 
+
+
+& 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+young 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 183 
+
+young Son, whom in the Day-time fhe fed a with ce- 
+jc/iial and divine Milk , but in the Night covered him 
+all over with Fire. The Child In a few Days became 
+a beautiful young Man, by this extraordinary Manner 
+of Education ; infomuch that his Father, greatly won¬ 
+dering at this fpeedy Progrefs, was very defirous to 
+Jcnow how Ceres dealt with his Son 5 he therefore 
+looked through a fmall Hole, and faw Ceres cover his 
+Son Triptolemus with burning Coals. This affrighted 
+him fo, that he cried out, that Ceres was murdering 
+his Son, wherefore he ran into the Room to fave 
+him. Ceres punifhcd his imprudent Curiofity with 
+Death ; then putting ‘Triptolemus in the Chariot that 
+you fee, (he fcnt him throughout the World to fhew 
+Mankind the Ufe of Corn. He executed her Com¬ 
+mands fo faithfully, and taught Men the Art of Huf- 
+bandry, or Sowing and Reaping, and of threfhing the 
+Corn fo well, that he obtained his Name b "Triptolemus 
+from thence. c Ovid gives us an excellent Defcrip- 
+tion hereof in the End of the Fifth Book of his Meta - 
+morphojis. 
+
+
+a Scrvxus in Georg. 1. b Triptolemus dicitur quail 
+t^y id ell, hordeum terens. Hygin. fab. 147. 
+
+c-. Qcminos deafertilis angues 
+
+Curribus admovit , franifque ccircuit ora, 
+
+Et medium ccvli terrtvquc per a'cra ajcdia ejl . 
+
+Atque lcavern cttrrum Tritonida i?iifit in arccm 
+Triptolcmo ; partimque ritdi data fcmina jtiffit 
+Spargerc bttmo , partim pofl ten ip or a longa recall a . 
+
+Ceres her Chariot mounts : Yok’d Dragons Hand, 
+
+Tame and obedient to her gentle Hand : 
+
+With flretch’d-out Wings, thro’ yielding Air they fly, 
+Till Ceres fends her Chariot from the Sky, 
+
+To good Triptolemus , her Athenian Friend ; 
+
+Triptolemus, whofe ufcful Cares intend 
+
+The common Good : Seed was the Chariot’s Load, 
+
+Which flic on him for publick Ufe bellow’d: 
+
+Parc Iho for fallow Fields new plough’d dcftgn’d. 
+
+And Part for Land by frequent Tilth refin’d 
+
+N 4. 
+
+
+P, But 
+
+
+184 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+P But what Evet is that near the Wheel of Ceres's 
+Chariot ? for I fancy I fee an Evet there. 
+
+Af. That Creature was once a Boy, whom Ceres , for 
+his Malapertnefs, changed into a little Bead like a Li¬ 
+zard. For when Ceres was very weary with Tiavelling, 
+and thirfty, flic came to a Cottage, and begged little 
+.Water to wafh her Mouth, of an old Woman that lived 
+there : The old Woman not only gave her Water, but 
+alfo Barley-broth ; which when the Goddefs fupped up 
+greedily, the Woman’s Son Stellio , a faucy Boy, mocked 
+her. This raifed Ceres's Anger fo far, that, in a Rage, 
+(he flung fome of the Broth into the Boy’s Face, a who 
+was thereby changed into an Evet or Newt. 
+
+But do you fee the Man rolling himfelf upon the 
+Ground, and tearing and eating his own Flefb ? 
+
+P . I obferve him : What is his Name, and why is 
+he fo cruel to himfelf? 
+
+M. They call him Eriftchthon . In Contempt of the 
+Sacrifices of Ceres , he defiled her Groves, and cut down 
+one of her Oaks; for which he was punifhed with per¬ 
+petual Hunger : So that, when he has devoured all the 
+Meat and Food which he can by any Ways procure, 
+he is forced to eat his own Flcfh to fupport his own 
+Body ; and to bring upon himfelf an horrible Death, 
+the better to fuftain his Life. 
+
+
+.A • 1 .1 *_• • . A* £ 
+
+
+a Fugit anum , latclramqiicpetit, aptumquc colori 
+Nomai babety <variis Jielicit us corpora guttis . 
+
+Flies the old Wife, and creeps into a Hole, 
+
+And from his fpeckled Back a Name lie gets. 
+
+SECT. III. The Sacrifices of Ceres. 
+
+A MONG all the Cerealia , or Sacrifices inftitu- 
+
+ced to the Honour of Ceres , thefe which follow 
+are the chief; Elcufinia (by which b Name the God- 
+
+l> Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+dels 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. i8\j 
+
+a 
+
+defs herfelf was alfo known) were Co called, becaufe 
+they were firft celebrated in the City Elcufis . Of thefe 
+were two Sorts ; the Major a , confecrated to Ceres, and 
+the Minora to Proferpina , a It was a Cuftom, that 
+thofe who were initiated in the Major a , never pulled 
+off the Cloaths, which they then wore* till they fellofF 
+in Rags. b In both the Major a and Minora , a perpe¬ 
+tual and wonderful Silence was kept: To publifh any 
+Thing concerning them was a Crime ; whence came 
+the Proverb concerning fiUnt Perfons , 'AtUxcl 'EXzvo-U'ix. 
+[, Attica Eleufinia] and the Word Myjlerhtm fignifies a 
+religious Rlie from Mvu, [Mi/o] os claudo . Lighted 
+Torches were ufed in their Sacrifices, c becaufe Ceres , 
+with them, fought Proferpina \ and, up and down the 
+Streets and the Highways, they cried out Profeypina , 
+till they had filled all Places with their difmal Bowl¬ 
+ings. Games were celebrated in thefe Sacrifices, in 
+which the Vigors d were honoured with a Barley Crown. 
+
+The c c ThcJ)nophoria were inftituted by Triptoiemus\ 
+and thofe Womm, who vowed perpetual Chaffity, 
+were initiated iu them. For fome Days a Faff was 
+kept; and Wine was f altogether banifhed from her 
+Altar ; whence this Expreflion came Cereri nuptias fa- 
+cere, which (among the Ancients) fignifies a Feaft 
+where there was no Wine. Swine were facrificed to 
+this Goddefs, s becaufe they hurt the Fruits of the 
+
+
+a Plut. in Dcmetrio. b Ariffoph. in Pluto. c Seneca 
+1 . 7, Nat. Qurcff c. 31. 
+
+<! Noflurnjque Ilccatc trlviis ululata per urles . 
+
+Aineid. vide Servium* 
+And He calc by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 
+e Pindar, in Iflhm. r Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in AEneid,3. 
+
+£ Priam Ceres (widec ga-vjh cjl fanguine porc<r y 
+
+Vita ft as merit a cede noccntcs epes . Ovid. Faff. 1 . I, 
+
+Ceres with Blood of Swine we beff atone. 
+
+Which thus requite the Mifchicis they have done. 
+
+Earth. 
+
+
+3 86 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Earth. And Garlands, a compofed of Ears of Corn, 
+were offered to her. 
+
+Ambarvalia were militated to purge the Fields, and 
+to beg Fruirfulnefs and Plenty. They were fo called, 
+b becaufe the Sacrifices were led about the Fields ; as the 
+Suburbs [ Amlurbium ] were efteemed facred ; becaufe 
+the Sacrifice was carried round the City. Thefe Sacri¬ 
+fices were performed by Hufbandmen, c who carried a 
+Sow big with young, or a Cow-calf, through the Corn 
+and the Hay, in the Beginning of Harveft, thrice ; the 
+Countrymen following him with Dancing, and Leap¬ 
+ing, and Acclamations of Joy, till all the Fields rung 
+with the Noife. In the mean Time, one of them, a- 
+dorned with a Crown, fung the Praifes of Ceres ; and af¬ 
+ter they had offered an Oblation of Wine mixed with 
+Honey and Milk, before they began to reap, they fa- 
+crificed the Sozv to her. (1 The Rites of thefe Ambar¬ 
+valia are beautifully deferibed by Virgil. 
+
+C H A P. 
+
+■ i ■■ - ■ ■ — . - * ——-- 
+
+a Fla*va Ceres , tibi Jit- noftro dc rare corona 
+Spicea , quee tempii pendeat ante fores . Tibullus. 
+
+To thee, fair Goddefs, we’ll a Garden plait 
+Of Ears of Corn, t’adom thy Temple Gate. 
+b Quod vidtima ambirct arva : Serv. in i. Georg. 
+c Virg. 3. Eel. 
+
+d Cun St a tibi Cercrem pubes agrcflis a do ret ; 
+
+Cut tu ladle fa^voSy & mitz diluc Baccho , 
+
+Jerque novas dr cum felix cat bojliafruges ; 
+
+Oinnis qttam chorus O’ foe it comitentur ov antes , 
+
+. Et Cercrem cl amove njoccnt in t eft a ; ncque ante 
+F ale cm matures qujquam fupponat arijlis , 
+
+Quam Cereriy tort a redimitus tempora qitcrcu, 
+
+Del mot us ivcompofitoSy & car min a dicat . 
+
+Let every Swain adore her Power divine, 
+
+And Milk and Honey mix v\ith fparkling Wine; 
+
+Let all the Choir of Clowns attend this Show, 
+
+In long Proccfiion fhouting as they go; 
+
+Invoking her to blefs their yearly Stoics, 
+
+Inviting Plenty to their crowned Floors. 
+
+
+Thus 
+
+
+Fi. xvnr. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. t 2 y 
+
+Thus in the Spring, and thus in Summer’s Heat* 
+Before the Sickles touch the rip’ning Wheat, 
+
+On Ceres call, and let the lab’ring Hind 
+With Oaken Wreaths his hollow Temples bind: 
+
+On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praife. 
+
+With uncouth Dances, and with Country-Lays. 
+
+
+
+CHAP- IX. 
+
+SECT- I- Ike Muses, Their Image. 
+
+What Beauty, what Sv/eetncfs, what Elegance 
+is here ! 
+
+A/. You mean in thefe nine Virgins , a that are 
+crowned with Palms ; Do you not ? 
+
+P. Certainly. How plcafamly and kindly they 
+fmilel How decent and becoming is their Drefsl E,Jow 
+handfbmely do they fit together in the Shade of that 
+Laurel Arbour! How Ikilfully fome of them play om 
+the Harp, fome upon the Cittern, fome upon the Pipe, 
+fome upon the Cymbal, and fome barmonioufly fing 
+and play at once ! Methinks I hear them with united 
+Minds, Voice and Hands, make an agreeable Concord 
+arifmg from their different Inftiurnenta, governing their 
+feveral Voices in fuch a Manner, that they make the 
+mod noble Harmony, whole pleating Charms, entering 
+into my Ears, ravifh mv Mind with Pleafurc. 
+
+' M . They are the Mu fey u the Miftrcfles of all the 
+Sciences, the Prcfidcnts of the Ahtfuimn and Pacts ; 
+and the Governors of the Fcafts and Solemnities of thp 
+Gods. c Jupiter begat them of the Nymph Mncmofyne , 
+who afterwards brought them forth upon the Moun¬ 
+tain Fierius t Some affirm that they had other Parents, 
+
+i ♦ 
+
+
+:l Corint. apud Lil. Gyrald p. 560. Orph. in Hymn. 
+Muf. 5) Hcfiod, in 'f Iicog. c Tswtzcs ChiL 6. 
+
+Hill, jo- 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+188 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+and a ancient Writers fay, that they lived before Ju« 
+filer , and were the Daughters of Coelu?n. The\ are 
+called the Daughters of Jupiter and Mnernofyne (which, 
+in Greek , fignifies Memory) becaufe all Students and 
+Scholars ought not only to have great Ingenuity, but 
+ready Memories. 
+
+
+
+a Muf. ap. Lil. Gyn 
+
+SECT. II. The Names of the Muses. 
+
+T H E Mufes , or Mufa, were formerly called Mo- 
+Jes> and were fo named from a a Greek Word, 
+that fignifies to enquire \ becaufe Men, by enquiring of 
+them, learn the Things of which they were before 
+ignorant. But others fay, they had their Name from 
+b their Refemklance , becaufe there is a Similitude, and 
+an Affinity and Relation betwixt all the Sciences ; in 
+which they agree together, and are united with one 
+another. Wherefore the Mufes are often painted with 
+their Hands joined, dancing in a Ring 5 in the Middle 
+of them fits Apollo , their Commander and Prince. The 
+Pencil of Nature deferibed them in that Manner upon 
+the Agate which Pyrrhus , who made War againft the 
+Romans , wore in a Ring. For in it was a Reprefenta- 
+tion of the Nine Mufes , and Apollo holding a Harp; and 
+thefe Figures were not delineated by Art, but bv the 
+c fpontaneous Handy-work of Nature; and the Veins 
+of the Stone were formed fo regularly, that every Mufc 
+had her particular Diftin£lion. 
+
+
+
+a ^A7ro r S patron, id eft, ab inquirendo. Plato in Cratylo, 
+
+b Mdcraiy quail opo^ovaoc)^ id ell, iimiles, Cafliodor. c Plin. 
+h 37. c. ?. 
+
+
+
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+189 
+
+
+i 
+
++ 
+
+t 
+
+\ 
+
+
+i l 
+
+I# 
+
+
+1 
+
+4 
+
+0 
+
+I 
+
+
+I: 
+
+
+SECT III. : The proper Names of the Muses. 
+
+Pf f T . HAT were the proper Names of each of the 
+
+V ^ MuJ'es ? 
+
+. M. Thev Kul each of them a Name derived from 
+
+4 
+
+fome particular Accnmpliihment of their Minds or 
+Bodies. 
+
+The Fuff, Calliope, was fo ‘"ailed a Jr cm the Sivect- 
+mJs of her Voices fl~< prefidrs over Rhetotuk , and is 
+cltcemed the mofl excellent of all the Tv me. 
+
+!'h< Se'*‘uid, Clio-) is fo named from b Glory. For 
+file \< the Htjlorual Mufe, and t.-kos her Name from 
+the Famcufncjs of the Things fhe records. 
+
+The Third, Erato , has her Name c fn:n Love , be- 
+caufe file Tings ot Amours ; or bccaulc learned Men 
+are beloved and prat fed by others. She is alfo called 
+Saltatrix ; fo** file fir ft invented the Art of Dancing, 
+over which (lie prefided. She was alfo the JnveiUrefs 
+of Poetry. 
+
+The Fourth, Thalia , from fl her Gaiety , Bri/knefs , 
+PLafantry ; bwaufe (he lings pleafantly and wan¬ 
+tonly. Some afuibe to her the Invention of Comedy, 
+others of Geometry. 
+
+The Fifth, Melpomene, from c the Excellency of her 
+Song, and the Melody fie makes when /hefings. She is 
+Juppofed to prefidr over Tragedy , and to have invented 
+
+Sonnets. 
+
+The Sixth, Terpftchore , has her N,ame from f the 
+Pleafnrc foe takes in Dancing, hecaufe file delights in 
+Balls. Some call her Cithariflrio . 
+
+
+• \ KX/w 07 T%u ii fuavitaie vocis. b aTo 
+
+ii Gloria fc. rerum geftarum qnas memorat. Schol. Ajp. L 
+C ’Ani too ab amove. Ovid, de Arte. 1 . 2. 11 ’Awi • f 
+
+id ell, vircrc, gcrminarc, & fiorere Proc. in Hc- 
+fiod. *= ii fA.i'.vyM, cantor & modulor, vcU*wo too i^sSb 
+Bin., conccntum facere. f ’A7rs rtQ'/rnv ro>s t l u0 “ 
+
+
+Chords delcttctur. 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+
+
+I go Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+'The Seventh* Euterpe , or Euierpia , from a the Swat* 
+nsfs of her Singing* Some call her Tibi etna 3 becaufo, 
+according to them, file prefides over the Pipes: And 
+fome fay, Logick was invented by her. 
+
+'The Eighth, Polyphymnia , or Polymnia , or Polymncta , 
+from b for excellent Memory : and iherefore the Inven- 
+tion of writing Hiftory is attributed to her 3 which re¬ 
+quires a good Memory. It was owing to her, c That 
+the Song jlers add, to the Verfes that they Jtng , Hands and 
+Fingers , which /peak more than the Tongue 3 cxprejjive 
+Silence 3 <2 Language util It out Words 3 injhort , Gejlure and 
+
+A ft ion* 
+
+The Ninths 11 Urania, was fo called either becaufe 
+fhe fings of divine Things ; or becaufe, through her 
+Afliftance, Men are praifed to the ; or becaufe, 
+by the Sciences, they become converfant in the Con¬ 
+templation of Things GelefliaL 
+
+Babufius, a modern Poet, has comprised the Names 
+of thefe nine Mufes in a ° Diftich : That is, he has 
+made the nine Mufes to ft and, which is fomething 
+ftrange, but upon eleven Feet. Perhaps you will re¬ 
+member their Names better, when they are thus joined 
+together in two Verfes. 
+
+
+a Ab cJ jucunda nempe in conccntu. . b a tro?d; 
+
+multus, St fjuiiu incmoria. c Pint, in Sympof. quod car- 
+minibus additte lint Orcheftrarum loquacifllmrc manus, lin- 
+guofi digit!, iilentiuui claxnofum, expofitio tacita, uno verbo 
+geflus & a6lio. d ‘A?ro t« hp&ra, a Ccclo. 
+
+c Calliope, Pcly?nm:ia, Erato, ■ lio , atquc Thalia, 
+"Melpomene, Euterpe, Tcrjftcborc, Urania, Bahuf. 4. Fpig. s . 
+
+
+SECT. IV. 
+
+
+Navies 
+
+
+M 
+
+
+P.X 1 ST H AT Names have the Mufes common to 
+
+
+w them all ? 
+
+M, The moft remarkable are. 
+
+
+lie !i co nidi's. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . igx 
+
+Hellcollides * or Heliconiades y from the Mountain He¬ 
+licon in Bosotia. 
+
+Parnajfides , from the Mountain Parnajfus in Phocis , 
+which has two Pleads ; a where if any Perfon flept, he 
+prefently became a Poet. It was anciently called Lar - 
+naffhs , from Larnace , the Ark of Deucalion , which reli¬ 
+ed here, and was named Parnajfus , after the Flood, 
+from an Inhabitant of this Mountain fo called. 
+
+Cither ides or Citlnriacles , from the Mountain Cithe- 
+ron , where they dwelt. 
+
+Aonidcs , from the Country Aonia. 
+
+Pier ides , or Fieri a, b from the Mountain Pier us , or 
+Pieria , in Thrace-, or from the Daughters of Pierius 
+and Anippe ; who, daring to contend with the Mufes , 
+were changed into jPp?r. 
+
+Pegafides and Hippocrcnides , from the famous Foun¬ 
+tain Helicon, which, by the Greeks is called c Hippo - 
+rrew, and, by the Latins , d Caballinus , both which 
+Words fignify the HoriVs Fountain : It was alfo named 
+Pcgafcius, from Pegafus the zuinged Plorfe , e who link¬ 
+ing a Stone in this Place with his Foot, opened the 
+Fountain, - f and the Waters of it became Vocal. 
+
+Aganlppides , or /lganlppetz, from the Fountain Aga¬ 
+nippe. 
+
+CaJlalicUs , from the Fountain Cajlalius at the Foot of 
+Parnajfus. 
+
+
+:i Perfuis in Procemio. b Idem ibid. c Ab »Wo$ 
+equns, & x^V/j foils. (1 Caballinus a Cabalius, id ell, 
+cquus. c Ovid. 5. Metam. f Sidonius Apollin. 
+
+SECT. V. The Number of the Muses. 
+
+P'\K 7 II AT was the Number of the Mufes? 
+
+V V M. Some write, 2 that they were but 
+Three in the Beginning ; becaufc Sound , out of which 
+
+
+r- Var. apud Augull. 
+
+
+all 
+
+
+jgz 
+
+all Singing is formed, is naturally threefold 3 either made 
+by the Voice alone 3 or by blowing, as in Pipes: or by 
+ftrikifig as in Citterns or Drums. Or* it may he, be¬ 
+came there are three Tones of the Voice or other In- 
+firuments, the Bafe , the Tenor ^ and th e-Treble* a Or 
+becaufe Three is the mod perfect of Numbers 3 for it 
+agrees to the Pcrfons of the Godhead. b Or* laftiy, 
+becaufe all the Sciences are diftributed into three sene- 
+
+Im4 
+
+ral Parts* Pbilofophy , Rhetorick , and Mothematicks 3 and 
+each three Parts are fubdivided into three other Parts, 
+Pbilofophy , into Logick , Ethic ks , and Pbyftcs j Rhetorick 
+into the Demonjlrative , Deliberative , and 'Judicial Kind 3 
+Mathe?naticks into Mufick , Geometry , and Jritbmettck: 
+Whence it came to pafs, that they reckoned not only 
+Three Mufes but Nine. 
+
+Others give us a different Reafon why they are Nine. 
+c When the Citizens of Sicyon appointed three fkilful 
+Artificers to make the Statues of the Three Mufes , pro- 
+mifing to chufe thole three Statues out of the Nine, 
+which they liked beft 3 they were all fo well made that 
+they could not tell which to chufe ; fo that they brought 
+them all, and placed them in the Temples : And Hefiod 
+afterwards align’d to them the Names mention'd above, 
+
+JP. Were they Virgins? 
+
+M . <l Some affirm it 3 and others deny it, who rec¬ 
+kon up their Children. But, however, let no Pcrfon 
+defpife the Mufes y unlefs he defign to bring Deftrudion 
+upon himfelf by the Example of Thamyras or Thamyris 3 
+c who, being conceited of his own Beauty and Skill in 
+Singing, prefumed to challenge the Mufes to fing, up¬ 
+on Condition, that, if he was overcome, they (hould 
+punifh him as they plea fed. And after he was over¬ 
+come, lie was deprived at once both of his Harp and Ins 
+Eyes. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+* Conform, dc die natali. b Pluu*. de Dcorum Natura. 
+c Var. ibid. cxLil. Gyr. p. 261. d Plato np. cundcni. Vide 
+Nat. Com. <•' Ilonier. Iliad, 2. Hut, de Mufica. 
+
+C H A P. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 193 
+
+* 
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+Themis, Astr^ea, Nemesis. 
+
+P.'T^HESE three Goddefles, I fee, contrive and 
+Jl confult together of Affairs of great Moment. 
+
+M> I fuppofe fo : For the Bufincfs of them is ai¬ 
+med the fame : The fame Function is incumbent upon 
+each of them. But, however, let us infpedt them all 
+lingly. 
+
+Themis, -the firft of them, a is the Daughter of Cos- 
+him and ' Terra . According to the b Signification of her 
+Name, her Office is to inftrudf Mankind to do Things 
+honed, juft, and right. c Wherefore her Images were 
+brought and placed before thofe who were about to 
+fpeak to the People, that they might be admonithed 
+thereby to fay nothing in publick, but what was juft 
+and righteous. Some fay, d fhe fpoke Oracles at Del- 
+phi , before Apollo \ though e Homer fays, that die ferved 
+Apollo with Neflar and Ambrofia . There was another 
+7 he mis, of whom JuJiice, Law , and Peace are fa id to be 
+born. Heftod , by way of Eminence, calls her f Modejl , 
+becaufe fhe was afhamed to fee any Thing that was done 
+againft Right and Equity. Eufebius calls her Carmen- 
+ta\ s becaufe, by her Verfe and Precepts , fhe dirc£ts every 
+one to that which is juft : When he means a different 
+Garment a from the Roman Garment a , who was the Mo¬ 
+ther of Evander, other wife called "Themis Nicojlrata, a 
+
+
+Hefiod. in Theogon. b 0///-K cnim figni/icat fas. 
+c Ex Lil. Gyr. d Ex Ovidii Metam. 1 . r. c; Hymn. 
+
+f id eft, pudibundam. Hefiod. 
+
+5 Quod carminibus cdi&ifque fuis praxi- 
+piat unicuique quod juft urn eft. Eufebius, 1 . 3. Pra?p. 
+
+JJvang* 
+
+O pror 
+
+
+in Apoilinem. 
+in Theogon. 
+
+
+194 Qf the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+prophetical Lady. a She was worfhipped by the Romany 
+becaufe file prophefied; and was called Carmenta , either 
+h from the Verfe in which fhe uttered her Predictions, 
+or c from the Madnefs which feemed to poffefs her when 
+fheprophefied. To this Lady an Altar was dedicated 
+near the Gate Carmcntalis , by the Capitol ; and a Tem¬ 
+ple was built to her Honour alfo upon this Occafion. 
+d The Senate forbad the married Women theUfeoi 
+Litters or Sedans \ they combined together, and refolv- 
+ed that they would never bring Children, unlefs their 
+Hufbands refeinded that EdiCt: They kept to this 
+Agreement with fo much Refolution, that the Senate 
+was obliged to change their Sentence, and yield to the 
+Women's Will, and allow them all Sedans and Cha¬ 
+riots again. And when their Wives conceived, and 
+brought forth fine Children, they ere&ed a Temple 
+
+in Honour of Carmenta . 
+
+/ 
+
+AJlraa* c the Daughter of Aurora and AJiraus^ the 
+Titan (or, as others rather fay, the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
+ter and Themis) was efteemed f the Prince of f if ice, 
+The Poets feign, that in the Golden Age (lie defeended 
+from Heaven to the Earth ; and being offended at laft 
+by the Wicked nefs of Mankind, s fhe returned to Hea¬ 
+ven again, after all the other Gods had gone before her. 
+
+She is many Times dire&ly called by the Name^f 
+JuJlitia \ as particularly by h Virgil . And when fhe had 
+
+
+a Solinus in deferiptione Roma', b A Carmine. Ovid. 
+Faff c Quafi carens mente. a Vide Ovid, in Faffs, 1 .3. 
+* Hcfiod. in Thcogon. f Juftitiaj antiffta. 
+s ViSta jacct pi etas, & ‘virgo c<ede ?nadentes 
+Ultima-ccchjiwn terras AJhwea rcliquit . • 
+
+All Duty dies, and wcary’d Juffcc flies 
+From bloody Earth at laft, and mounts the Skies. 
+
+,l - extrema per ill os 
+
+fufit tin cxccdcm 1 err is <vcjUgha feci /. Vi rg. Georg. 1.2. 
+
+Juffcc kUt took her Flight from hence, and here 
+The Prints of her departing Steps appear. 
+
+returned 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 195 
+
+
+returned into Heaven again, fhe was placed where we 
+now fee the Conftellation a Virgo . 
+
+The Parents of Nemejls were b Jupiter and Necefiity $ 
+or, according to others, JSTox and Oceanus. She was 
+the Goddefs that rewarded Virtue, and punifhed Vicej 
+and fhe taught Men their Duty; fo that flic received 
+her Name c from the Dijlribution that jhe made to eve?y 
+body. Jupiter enjoyed her, as the Story fays, in the 
+Shape of a Goofe ; d after which fhe brought forth an 
+Egg, which flic gave to n Shepherd, whom fhe met, 
+to be carried to Leda . Lcda laid up the Egg in a Box, 
+and Helena was foon after produced of that Egg; But 
+others give us quite different Accounts of the Matter. 
+The Ro?nnns certainly facrificed to this Goddefs, when 
+they went to War; whereby they fignified that they 
+s never took up Arms, unlefs in a juft Caufe. She is 
+: called by another Name, Aclraftcea , from Adrafkts , a 
+I King of the Argives , who firft built an Altar to her: 
+
+I Or, perhaps, from the c Difficulty of cfcapnig from he?' ; 
+
+| becaufe no guilty Perfon can flee from the Punifhment 
+\ due to his Crime, though fometimes JuJUce overtakes 
+j him late : She has indeed f Wings, but does not al- 
+l ways ufe them, but then s the flov/er her Foot is, the 
+| harder is her Hand. 
+
+| Rhamnufia is another Name of this Goddefs, from 
+j Rhammts , a Town in Attica , h where fhe had a Tem- 
+
+
+
+in which there was a Statue of her made of one 
+
+
+a Boccat. 1 , 4. Gcncal. Deor. h Pan fan. in A read. 
+c nib warn a di(Iributione qua; unicnique 
+
+fit, Plato dc Lcgibus Dial. d Apollodor. lib. i, Biblioth. 
+0 Ab c>, non, 8 c two fugio, quod videlicet nemo noccns 
+eflugerc queatpeennm fuis fceleribus debitam. 
+f Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+r Ad feeder tun pain as nit r lx <venit ira ( T'oj?twtis f 
+Hoc gr aware maun, quo grow ore pi Ac. 
+
+Vengeance divine to punifh Sin mover, flow, 
+r i he flower is its Pace, the furor is its Blow. 
+k Strabo. 1 . q. 1 In Atticis. 
+
+O 2 
+
+
+Stone, 
+
+
+196 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+^ * 
+
+« 
+
+Stone, ten Cubits high; (he holds the Bough of as 
+Apple-tree in her Hand ; and has a Crown upon hei 
+Head, in which many Images of Deer were engraven, 
+a She had alfo a Wheel, which denoted her Svviftnrf 
+when fhe punifheth* 
+
+, 2 Sed Dea , qua: nhnih obflat Kbamnnjia veils , 
+
+Ingemuit , Jlexitque rot am. -- C la udian. 
+
+Tli* avenging Goddefs, t’our Dell res-unbent, 
+
+Firft groan’d, then 'turn’d her Wheel. 
+
+• « 
+
+'» .^ n — ~ * ■■■ — ~ — ■ ^ 
+
+C H A P XI. 
+
+SECT; I. 2 he Gods of the' Woods, and lb 
+Rural Gods. Firft , Pan. His Names. 
+
+W E are new come into the fecond Part of (k 
+
+Right-hand Wall, which exhibits the Image 
+of the Gods and Goddejfes of the Woods. Here you maj 
+fee the Gods Pan, Sylyanus , and the Fauni , Satyri, Si- 
+lenusj Priapus , Arijl&us, and Terminus. 
+
+And there you fee the Goddcfles, Diana , Pales, M 
+ra , Famnia , Pomona , and an innumerable Companyt 1 
+Nymphs . 
+
+P. What Gods do you fhew me ? Do you call tho 5 
+Cornuted Monftcrs Gods? Who are half Men, an! 
+half Beads, hairy, and (haggy, with Goat’s Feet an! 
+Horfes’ Tails. 
+
+M. Why not? Since they have attained to that Ho¬ 
+nour. Firft, let us examine the Prince of them all Pm 
+Pan is called by that Name, either, as forhetell us,I 
+b becaufe he was the Son of Penelope by all her Wooenl 
+or c becaufe he exhilarated the Minds of all the Grfl 
+with the Mufick of the Pipe, which he invented; an] 
+by the Harmony of the Cittern, upon which he pi aye J 
+
+b A lix-v omnc,<jubd ex omnium Procorum c-ngreflucun 
+caelope fit natus Sami us. 41 Homer, in Hymn. 
+
+( 1 MM 
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+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 197 
+
+fkilfuUy as foon as he was born : Or, perhaps, he is 
+called Pan, a bee a life he governs the Affairs of the 
+Ihuverjal World by his Mind, as he reprefents it by 
+his Body, as we fhall fee by and by. 
+
+The Latins called him hums and Incubus , the Night- 
+Marc \ b be caufe he ufes Carnality with all Creatures . 
+
+And at Rome he was wor(hipped, c and called Luper - 
+cus and Lyceus . To his Honour a Temple was built 
+at the Foot of the Palatine Hill, and Feftivals called 
+Lupercalia were infl.ituted, in which his Priefts, the 
+Luperci , ran about the City naked. 
+
+
+a Phumuiius. b Ab ineundo paffim cum omnibus ani- 
+• malibus. Servius in iEneid. c Juftin. 1 . 43. 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+
+Defc 
+
+
+H IS Defcent is uncertain ; but the common Opi¬ 
+nion is, that he was horn of Mercury and Penelope . 
+d For when Mercury fell violently in love with her, and 
+tried in vain to move her ; at laft, by changing him- 
+fclf into a very white Goat, he obtained his Defire, 
+and begat Pan of her, when fhe kept the Sheep of her 
+Father Icarius in the Mount Taygetus. Pan , after he 
+was boin, c was lapt up in the Skin of a Hare, and car¬ 
+ried to Heaven. But why do I here detain you with 
+Words? Look upon the Image of him. 
+
+
+10 
+
+
+‘ l Hcfiod. in Euterpe. 
+
+
+c Homer, in Hymn. 
+
+
+SECT. III. The Image of Pan. 
+
+P.T S that Pan ? f that horned half Goat, that refent- 
+X bles a Bead rather than a Man, much Icfs a God 3 
+whom I fee described with a fouling ruddy Face, and 
+two Morns: his Beard comes down to his Brcaft ; his 
+
+
+f Lucian, in Bacch. 
+
+
+o 3 
+
+
+Skin 
+
+
+■■a 
+
+
+
+
+
+198 Of the Gods of the "Heathens. 
+
+► 
+
+Skin is fpotied, and his Legs and Thighs covered with 
+long Flair; he has the Tail and the Feet of a Goat; 
+his Head is crowned., and he holds a crooked StafF in 
+one Hand, and in the other a Pipe of uneven Reeds,with 
+the Mufick of which he can chear even the Gods'them- 
+feive^. O ridiculous Deity, fit only to terrify Boys ! 
+
+M.. Believe me, he has frighted the Men too : For 
+when the Gauls., under Brennus their Leader, made an 
+Irruption into Greece , and were juft about to plunder 
+the City Delpbos , Pan in the Night frightened them fo 
+much, that they all betook themfelves to Flight, when 
+no body purfued them. Whence we proverbially fay, 
+that Men are in a Panrck Fears , when v\e fee them af¬ 
+frighted without a Caufe, 
+
+Nov/ hear what the image of Pan fignifies. Pan , they 
+fay, is a Symbol of the Univerfai World, as I intimated 
+before: b In his upper Part he refembles a Man, in his 
+lower Part a Bead ; becaufe the fuperior and celeftial 
+Part of rhe World is beautiful, radiant, and glorious; 
+as is the Face of this God, whofe Horns refemble the 
+Rays of the Sun, and the Horns of the Moon. The 
+Rednefs of his Face is like the Splendor of the Sky; 
+and the fpotted Skin, that he wears, is an Image of 
+the Starry Firmament. In his lower Parts he is flag¬ 
+ged and deformed, which reprefents the Shrubs, and 
+ivild Beads, and Trees cif the Earth below. His Goats 
+Feet fignify the Solidity of the Earth ; arid his Pipe of 
+(even Reeds, that celeftial Harmony which is made by 
+the feven Planets. He has a Sheep-^hook, crooked at 
+the Top, in his Hand, which fignifies the Turning of 
+the Year into itfelf. 
+
+
+a TerroresPanici eorum funt qui fine causa perterrentur. 
+Pan fan i an, Plutarch us* b Servius in Eclog. 2. 
+
+
+S 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 199 
+
+
+SECT. IV. Actions of Pan. 
+
+
+p.lQ) U T what mean thof z young Ladies that dance 
+ffj ) about him ? 
+
+M . They are Nymphs which dance to the Muficlc 
+of his Pipe; a which Inftrument Pan fir ft invented. 
+You’ll wonder when you hear the Relations which the 
+Poets tell us of this Pipe, to wit, cc b as oft as Pan blows 
+“ it, the Dugs oi the Sheep arc filled with Milk:” For 
+he is the God of the Shepherds and Hunter r, the Captain 
+of the Nymphs , the Preftdent of the■ Mountains , and of 
+a Country Life ; and the c Guardian of the Flocks that 
+{rraze upon the Mountains. Although his Afpetft is fo 
+deformed, yet, when he changed himfelf into a white 
+Ram, he pleafed and gratified the Moon, A as it is re¬ 
+ported ; The Nymph Echo fell alfo in Love with him, 
+and brought him a Daughter named hinges , who c gave 
+Medea the Medicines (they fay) with which (lie charm¬ 
+ed Jafon. f Pie could not but picafc Dryopc , to gain 
+whom, he laid afide, as it were, his Divinity, and be¬ 
+came a Shepherd. But he did not court the Nymph Sy¬ 
+rinx with fo much Succefs : For file ran away to avoid fo 
+filthy a Lover 5 till coming to a River (where her Flight 
+
+
+n Pan primus calamos cerd conjnngcrc plures 
+biJUtuit 
+
+
+Virg. Eel. 
+
+
+Pan taught to join with Wax unequal Reeds. 
+l> Orpheus in Hymn, lbicus, Poeta Gitccus. 
+c Pan curat o<ves, onji unique mag fir os. Virg. Eel. 2. 
+
+Pan loves the Shepherds, and their Flocks lie feeds* 
+Muncrc Jic ni<vco I ante, fi credere dignmn cjl , 
+
+Pan Dens Arcad'uv captain te » Luna, jifbllit . Virg.Georg. 3 • 
+Twas thus with Fleeces milky white (if we 
+May trufl Report) Pan , God of Arcady , 
+
+Did bribe thee, Cynthia , nor didit thou difdain, 
+
+‘When call’d in woody Shades, to cafe a Lover’s Pain. 
+c Theretot, Poeta Gnecus. 1 Homer, in ITymn, 
+
+O 4 
+
+
+was 
+
+
+200 Of the Gods of the Heat hats. 
+
+was (lopped) (lie prayed the Naiades , the Nymphs of the 
+J'Vatersy becaufe fhe could not efcape her Purfuer, to 
+change her into a Bundle of Reeds, juft as Pan was 
+laying hold of her, a who therefore caught the Reeds 
+in his Arms inftead of her. b THhe Winds moving: 
+theft Reeds backward and forward occafioned mourn¬ 
+ful but mufical Sounds, which Pan , perceiving, cut 
+them down, and made them Reeden Pil es, But c Lu* 
+
+
+
+a Hiefe mutarent liquid as ordjfe for ores : 
+
+Pantique cum pr enfant fibi jam Syr Inga putaret 
+
+(l or pore fro Nymph# c alamos trivijfc palnfircs .. Met. 1 . i, 
+
+When, that flic might avoid a lullful Rape, 
+
+She hegg’d her Sifter Nymphs to change her Shape : 
+Pan thought If had hugg’d his Milt refs, when indeed 
+He only hugg’d a Trufs of Moorifh Reed. 
+h Dumquc ibi fnfpirat , motos in arundine vcnlcs 
+Pffecifc fomtm tenucm fmilemque querenti . 
+
+Arte novel vocifque Dcum dulcedine cap turn. 
+
+Hoc tniht conciliutn tecum , dixife , than tbit ; 
+
+Atque ita difparibus calamis compagine ceres 
+Inter Je j unfits nomen tenuijje pucllec . 
+
+He iighs, his Sighs the tolling Reeds return 
+In (oft fmall Notes,' like one that feem’d to mourn j 
+The new but pleafant Notes the God furprife. 
+
+Yet this (hall make us Friends at laft, he cries ; 
+
+So he this Pipe of Reeds unequal fiatrfd 
+With Wax; and Syrinx from his Miitrefs nam’d, 
+
+c- Zephyrs cava per calamorumfbila primutn 
+
+Agrcjhs docttcre cavas inf arc etcutas $ 
+
+Inde minutathn dulces di die ere querelas , 
+
+Tibia qtias fundit digit is pul fata canentum : 
+
+Avia per nemora ac Jyl<vas Jdltufqne reporta 9 
+
+Per luca paforum defer la, atque otia Dia . Lucr. 1 , 5. 
+
+An,d \vhilft foft Ev’ning Gales blew o’er the Plains, 
+
+And (hook the founding Reeds, they taught the Swains ; 
+And thus the Pipe was fram’d, and tuneful Reed 5 
+And whilft the tender Flocks fecurcly feed. 
+
+The harm left Shepheids tun’d their Pipes to Love, 
+
+And Amaryllis founds in ev’ry Grove, 
+
+
+cretins 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 201 
+
+
+cretins afcribes the Invention of thefe Pipes not to Pan , 
+but to fome Country-men, who had obferved, on fome 
+other Occafion, the Whittling of the Wind through 
+Reeds. In the Sacrifices of this God, a they offered 
+to him Milk, and Honey in a Shepherd’s Botile. He 
+was mote cfpecially worlhippcd in Arcadia , for which 
+Reafbn he is fo often called b Pan Dens Arcadia:. 
+
+Some derive from him c Hifpania , Spain , formerly 
+called Iberia ; for he lived there, when he returned from 
+, the Indian War, to which he went with Bacchus and 
+
+
+the Satyrs . 
+
+
+a Theocr. in Viator. b 3. Virg. Geogr. 4. Eel. c Lil. 
+Gyr. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. .XIL 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+3 
+
+l J 1 
+
+1 
+
+I 
+
+[i 
+
+['! 
+
+
+Sylvanus. 
+
+A LTHOUGH many Writers confound the 
+
+Sylvani , Fauni , Satyr and. Si/eni y with Pan; 
+yet many diftinguifh them 5 therefore we will treat of 
+them feparately, and begin with Sylvanus . 
+
+That old Man is Sylvanus ^ whom you fee placed next 
+to Pan^ with the Feet of a Goat, and the <l Face of a 
+Man, of little Stature; c he holds Cyprcfs in his Hand 
+ftretched out. He is fo called from Sylvcv , the IVoods ; 
+for he preTides over them. f He mightily loved the Boy 
+fypan/us, who had a tame Deer, in which he took 
+great Yleafure. Sylvanus by Chance killed it, where¬ 
+upon the Youth died for Grief. c Therefore Sylvanus 
+changed him into a Cyprefs-tree , and carr eel a Branch 
+of it always in his Hand, in Memory of his Lofs. 
+
+
+0 ./Elian. Hitt. Varia. c Martin, do Nuptiis. f Servius 
+I'in Yirjr. /Eneid. Sc Georg. 
+
+Et tfMcram a rad ice firms, Sylvan?., Cuprefi. in G eorg. 1.20. 
+A tender Cyprrfs Plant Sylvanus bears. 
+
+There 
+
+
+
+
+202 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+There were many other Sylvaniy who endeavoured, r*3 
+much as they could, to violate the Chaftity of Women, 
+St. Aujiin fays, a That they and the Fauni (commonly cal¬ 
+led Incubi) were cftenthnes -wicked to Jd^omcn 5 ‘ drfiring and 
+• enjoying their Embraces. And Varro fays, that they were 
+mifehievous to big-bellied Women. 
+
+
+3 Eos cum Faunis (quos vulgo Incubos vocant) impro- 
+bos fa?p£ extitifle mulieribus, & earum appetifle &-pere- 
+gifFe concubitum. Aug. de Civitate Dei, 1. 15. c. 23. 
+
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+SlLENUS. 
+
+T HAT old Fellow, who follows next, with a flat 
+
+Nofe, and a bald Head, with large Ears, and a 
+frnall, flat,gore-bellied Body, is Si/emts ; fo called, b from 
+his jocular Temper , becaufe he perpetually jetts upon 
+People. He fits upon a c Saddle-buck'd Afs; but, when 
+he walks, he leans upon a Staff. He was Bacchus' s Fof- 
+ter-Father, his Matter, and his perpetual Companion, 
+and confequently almofl: always drunk, as we find him 
+deferibed d in the fixth Eclogue of Virgil . The Cup 
+
+which 
+
+
+b ’Awo t« id eft, diiSleria in aliquem diccrc. 
+
+^Elian. 3. Var. I lift. c. 10. c Pando Afello. 
+d Silcnwn paeri fo/itno vidcre jacentcm, 
+
+Injlatum bejlcrno venas , ut fenipcr> la echo ; 
+
+Serta procul taut urn capiti delap/a jaccbanf, 
+
+Et gravis attritd p aide bat cant bar us a usd. 
+
+- - Two Satyrs , on the Ground, 
+
+Stretch’d fit their Eafe, their Sire Silcnus found ; 
+
+Dos’d with his Fumes, and heavy with his Load, 
+They found him fnoring in his dark Abode ; 
+
+His rofy Wreath was dropp’d not long before. 
+
+Borne by the Tide of Wine, and floating on the Floor. 
+
+II is 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 203 
+
+which he and Bacchus ufed was call Cantharus ; and 
+the Staff with which he fupportcd himfelf a Ferula : 
+This he ufed when he was lb drunk, as it often happen-* 
+ed, that he could not fit, b but fell from his Afs. 
+
+The Satyrs were not only conflant Companions of 
+Silenus , but were affiftant to him; for they held him in 
+great Elleem, and honoured him as their Father; and, 
+c when they became old, they were called Silent too. 
+And concerning Silenus’s Afs, they fay, that tl he was 
+translated into Heaven, and placed among the Stars ; 
+becaufe, in the Giants War, Silcnus rode on him, and 
+helped Jupiter very much. 
+
+c But when Sileiius once was taken, and afked, What 
+was the hcjl Thing that could befcil Man ? He after long 
+Silence anfwered. It is bejl for all never to be born , but 
+being born , to die very quickly . Which Ex predion Pliny 
+reports almoft in the fame Words, f There have been, 
+many who have judged it very happy never to have been 
+born, or to die immediately after one's Birth . 
+
+
+His empty Can, with Ears half worn away. 
+
+Was hung on high, to boa 11 the Triumph of the Day. 
+a SJuinque fenex ferula 1 it itb antes ebrius art us 
+Sufinet, 1 $ paodo non fort iter h/erct afello. Ovid. Met. y. 
+His Staff does hardly keep him on his Legs, 
+
+When mounted on his Afs, fee how lie fwags, 
+b Ebrius ecce fenex pando dclapfus afello , 
+
+Clamarunt Satyri % furge , age, furge, pater. Dc Art. Am. 2, 
+TIE old Soker’s drunk, from’s Afs he’s got a Fall, 
+Roufo, Daddy, roufe, again the Satyrs bawl. 
+c Paufanias in Atlicis. ll Aratus in Phxnomen. c Ro- 
+gatus quidnatn cjfct hominibus optimum r refpo'ndit, omnibus effe 
+optimum non nafei , & natos qucwi citijjime inter ire. PI ut. in 
+Confoiatione Apol. f Multi extitei m e qui 7:011 nafei optimum 
+
+• unt, ant qua in citijjime aboleri . Plin. in Pncfat. 1 . 7. 
+
+
+
+C II A F. 
+
+
+
+O/' the Gods oj the Heathens . 
+
+
+204 
+
+4 
+
+CHAP. XIV. 
+
+% 
+
+ft 
+
+STfttf Satyrs 
+
+» 
+
+B EHOLD! a Thofe are Satyrs who dance in laf~ 
+civious Motions and Poftures under the Shade of 
+that tall and fpreading Oak; they have Heads armed 
+with Horns, and Goats Feet and Legs, crooked Hands, 
+rough, hairy Bodies, and Tails not much fhortcr than 
+Horfes Tails. There is no Animal in Nature^ more 
+falacious and libidinous than thefe Gods, i heir b 
+Name itfelf (hews the Filthinefs of their Nature: And 
+Paufanias gave a Proof of it, by relating a Story of 
+fome Mariners, who were drove upon a defart Jfland 
+by Storm, and faw themfelves furrounded by a Flock 
+of Satyrs : The Seamen were frightened, and betook 
+themfelves to their Ships, and the Satyrs left the Men, 
+but they feized the Women ^ and committed all Manner 
+©f Wickednefs with them. 
+
+
+a Pan (an. in Atticis. b Satyrus derivator, ccVo rv; 
+eraSnt, a veretro, Eufeb. in Prasp. Evang. ibid. 
+
+
+
+C H A P. XV. 
+
+The Fauns. 
+
+HE Fauns, which you fee joined with the Satyrs, 
+JL differ from them in the Name only; at leaft they 
+are not unlike them in their Looks.* c For they have 
+Hoofs and Horns, and are 11 crowned with the Branches 
+
+
+d Idem, in Kpiftola Ocnones. 
+
+of 
+
+
+c Ovid. Fa do re m 2. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 20£ 
+
+of the Pine. When they meet drunken Perfons, they 
+ftupify them (as it is faid) with a their Looks aloT?e, 
+The Boors of this Country call them the b Rural Gods ; 
+and pay them the more Refpe£I; becaufe they are armed 
+with Horns and Nails, and painted in terrible Shapes. 
+
+Faunns , or Fatuellus (as he is otherwife called) c was 
+the Son of Pic us King of the Latins . d He married his 
+own Sifter, whole Name was Fauna or Faina: He con- 
+fecratcd and made her Prieftefs, after which (he had 
+the Gift of Prophecy. Hiftory likewife tells us, that 
+this Faunas was the Father and Prince of the other 
+Fauns and the Satyrs. c His Name was given him from 
+his Skill in Prophefying , and from thence alfo Fatui lig¬ 
+nites both Perfons that fpeak rafhly and Inconfiderate- 
+ly f and Enthufiafls; becaufe they, who prophefv, deli¬ 
+ver the Mind and Will of another, and fpeak Things 
+which themfelves, many Times, do not underhand. 
+
+
+a Idem, in Epiftola Phadr®. . b Dii agreftes. Virgil. 
+Georg, i . c Servius 7. iEneid. 6. ^ d Nat. Comes 
+
+lib. 0 Faunas dicitur a fando feu vaticinando. Ser. 7. 
+iEneid. Ifid. Hifp. Epifcopus. 
+
+
+c h a p. xvr. . 
+
+P R I A P U S. 
+
+P % IT J A ! What means that naked God, with his 
+£ j| Sickle, behind the Trunk of the Tree? Why 
+docs he hide the Half of his Body fo ? 
+
+M. The Painter was modeft, and therefore painted 
+but half of him, becaufe he is a (hamelefs and obfeem 
+Deity : His Name is Priapus . I am afhamed to tell 
+the Story of him, it is fo very filthy; and therefore I 
+(hall fay only, that he was the Son of Venus and Bacchus , 
+bom at Lampfactts , where his Mother hating his Defor¬ 
+mity, and the Difpi oportion of his Members, rejected 
+
+h i m, 
+
+
+
+* *1 - # * 
+
+2o6 Q/' Gods of the Heathens'. 
+
+him. Yet he pleafed the Women of Lampfacus , info- 
+touch that their Hufbands banifhed him from the City, 
+till by the Oracle’s’Command he was recalled* and 
+made God of the Gardens , and crowned with Garden 
+Herbs. He carries a Sickle in his Hand, to cut off from 
+the Trees all fuperfluous Boughs, and to drive away 
+Thieves and Beads, and mifehievous Birds ; from 
+whence he is called Avifupor . Therefore his Image is 
+bfually placed in Gardens, as we may learn from a 37 - 
+bullus , b Virgil, and c Horace . He is called Hellefponti- 
+acus by the Poets 5 becaufe the City of Lampfacus , 
+where he was born, was fituated upon the Hellefpotit, 
+All agree that he -was very deformed, and they fay, that 
+this was the Occafion of the Deformity of this God. 
+When funo faw Venus was big with Child, fhe was 
+jealous; and therefore, under Pretence of affifting her 
+in her Labour, file fpitefully mifufed her, fo that the 
+young Child was fpoiled and deformed, and from his 
+Deformity called Priapus , Phallus , and Fcifcinum ; all 
+which three Names favour of Obfccnity 5 though by 
+fonie d he is called Bonus Damon , or Genius . Indeed 
+
+
+21 Po?7ioffque ruler cufos ponaiur hi berth, 
+
+Arc eat ut faajd fake Priapus a~vcs . 
+
+With th’ fwarthy Guardian God our Grchards grace, 
+With this IlifF Sickle he the Birds will chacc, 
+b Et cufos furum atque a%num cum falce /align a 
+Uclhfpontiaci ferajet tut da Priapn . Georg. L 4, 
+
+Befides the God obfccne, who frights away. 
+
+With his Lath Sword, the Thieves and Birds of Prey. 
+t Olim truncus ereim ficulnus , inutile lignum , 
+
+Cumfaber inccrlus fcamnum faceretne Priapum , 
+
+Maluit eJJ'e Dcum , Dens hide ego furum a<viwnqne 
+Maxima for mido .. Hor. Sat. 8. 
+
+Till Artifts doubting, which the Log was good 
+For, Stool, or God ; rcfolv’d to make a God ; 
+
+So I was made ; my Form the Log receives : 
+
+A mighty Terror X to Birds and Thieves, 
+
+A Vide PburvutUm. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+Juno's Touch was not neceflary to make the Child 
+inonllrous ; for, can*any beautiful Offspring be ex- 
+
+petted from a Sot and a Whore ? 
+
+* 
+
+% 
+
+CHAP. XVII. 
+Arist/eus. 
+
+¥ ¥ E is called Arijlams , whom you fee bufied in that 
+JTjL Nurfery of Olives, fupporting and improving the 
+Ti ees. Heis employed in drawing Oil from the Olive, 
+
+which Art he fir ft invented. He alfo found out the Ufe 
+
+# 
+
+of Honey, and therefore you fee feme Rows of Beehives 
+near him. a For which two profitable Inventions, the 
+Ancients paid him divine Honours. 
+
+He was other wife called Nomius and Agraus , and 
+^vas the Son of b Apollo by Cyrene , or, as Cicero fays, the 
+Son of Liber Pater , ed ucated by the Nymphs, and taught 
+by them the Art of making Oil, Honey, and Cheefe. 
+He fell in Love with Euridice the Wife of Orpheus , and 
+purfued her into a Wood, where a Serpent flung her 
+fo that fhe died. The Nymphs hated him fo much for 
+this, that they deftroyed all his Bees, to revenge the 
+Death of Euridice . This Lofs was exceedingly de¬ 
+plored by him ; and afking his Mother's Advice, he 
+was told by the Oracle, that he ought by Sacrifices to 
+appeafe Euridice. Wherefore he facrificed to her four 
+Bulls, and four Heifers, and his Lofs was fupplied; for 
+fuddenly a Swarm of Bees burfl: forth from the Car- 
+cafes of the Bulls. 
+
+
+a Pan fan i as in Arcadicis. b Apollonius, I. 6. in 
+
+Venom 
+
+
+
+CHAP- 
+
+
+
+
+208 Of the Gods of the Heat hem. 
+
+* 
+
+s 
+
+* 
+
+CHAP. XVIII. . 
+
+* 
+
+Terminus. 
+
+jP. XJ U T, pray, what is that Stone or Log placed 
+Jf 3 there? (It is fo far off that I cannot diftin- 
+guifh whether of the two it is.) 
+
+M. It has a Place among the rural Gods, becaufeit 
+is a God itfelf. 
+
+P. A God, do you fay ? Surely you jeft, Sir. 
+
+M. No ; it is not only a God, but a God greatly 
+honoured in this City of Rome, They call him Ter- 
+minus , and imagine that the Boundaries and Limits of 
+Men’s Eftates are under his Protection. His Name, 
+and the divine Honours paid to him by the Ancients, 
+are mentioned by a Ovid , by b Tibullus , and by c Seneca, 
+The Statue of this God 11 was either a fcjuare Stone, or 
+a Log of Wood plained ; which they ufually perfumed 
+with Ointment, and crowned with Garlands. 
+
+And indeed the Lapides Terminates (that is. Land* 
+Marks) were efteemed /acred; e fo that whoever dared 
+
+» Terminc, five lapis, five es dc/ertus in agro 
+
+Stipes , ab antiques tu quoquc no?nc?i babes, Ovid Fail, 2. 
+Terminus , whether Stump or Stone thou be. 
+
+The Ancients gave a Godhead too to thee. 
+b Nam veneror , feu fiipes ha bet defert us in agris , 
+
+Sen vet us in triviis fiorida fierta lapis . 
+
+For T my Adoration freely give, 1 
+
+Whether a Stump forlorn my Vows receive, | 
+
+Or a beflower’d Stone my Worflup have, J 
+
+c _-- Nullus in campo facer 
+
+Divifit agro arbiter pop id is lapis , Hippol. Aft. fc. 7 ' 
+Thefacred Land-Mark then was quite unknown. 
+d Arnohius contra Genies, 1 , i. Clemens Alex, Strom. 7. 
+* Dion Halicarn. 1 . z* 
+
+to 
+
+
+FI. XX. 
+
+
+JPtgrc 2,og 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+200 
+
+
+to move, or plow up, or transfer them to another 
+Place, his Head became devoted to the Diis Terminals - 
+busy and it was lawful for any Body to kill him. 
+
+And further, though they did not facrifice the Lives 
+of Animals to thofe Stones, becaufe they thought that it 
+was not lawful to ftain them with Blood ; yet they offer¬ 
+ed Wafers made of Flour to them, and the flrft Fruits 
+of Corn, and the like : And upon the laft Day of the 
+Year they always offered Feffivals to their Honour, 
+called 'TerminaHa. 
+
+Now we pafs to the Goddejfes of the Woods . 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XIX. 
+
+The Goddefs of the Woods. Diana. 
+
+P t IT is very well. Here comes a Goddefs a taller 
+X than the other Goddefles, in who fe Virgin-Looks 
+we may eafe our Eyes, which have been tired with the 
+horrid Sight of thofe monftrous Deities. Welcome., 
+Diana ; b your hunting Habit, the Bow in your Hand* 
+and the Quiver full of Arrows, which hangs down from 
+your Shoulders, and the Skin of a Deer fattened to your 
+Breaft, difcover who you are. c Your Behaviour, which 
+is free and eafy, but modeft and decent; your Garments, 
+which are handfome and yetcarelefs; fhew that you 
+are a Virgin. Your d Name {hews your Modetty and 
+Honour. I wifli that you, who are the talleft of the 
+Goddefles, c to whom Women owe their Stature, would 
+implant in them alfo a Love of your Chaftity. For I 
+know you hate, you abhor the Converfation of Men, 
+
+
+
+a Virgil. ^Eneid. 1. i. b Idem ibid. c Paufan. in Area- 
+lids. Ejxto ab agnpik* pcrfcStus , pudicitiam intc- 
+
+gricatcmque Dianas indicat. Strabo, 1. 14 * c Homer. 
+Odyff. 20. 
+
+P and 
+
+
+210 ' Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+and fly from the very fight of them. Yet reje£l the 
+Temptations of Delight, and abhor the charming 
+Witchcraft of Pleajure with ali your Heart, 
+
+Aftaon^ the Son of Ariftceus , that famous Huntfman, 
+a fatally learned this, when he impudently looked upon 
+you, when you were naked in the Fountain : You de¬ 
+ferred not the Punifhment of his Impurity for a Mo¬ 
+ment, for, fprinkling him with the Water, you chang¬ 
+ed him into a Deer, to be afterwards torn in Pieces by 
+his own Dogs. 
+
+Farther Honour is due to you; becaufe you are the 
+Moon , b the Glory of the Stars , and the only Goddefs 
+c who obferved perpetual Chaftity. 
+
+Nor am I ignorant of that famous and deferving 
+A£tion which you did, to avoid the Flames of Alpheus> 
+d when you fo haftily fled to your Nymphs, who were 
+all together in one Place; and befmeared both yourfelf 
+and them with Dirt fo, that when he came he did not 
+know you: Whereby your honeft Deceit fucceeded 
+according to your Intentions ; and the Dirt, which 
+fouls every Thing elfe, added a new Luflre to your 
+Virtue. Welcome once again, O ! c Guardian of the 
+Mountains; by whofe kind Afliftance Women in 
+Child- bed arc preferved from Death. 
+
+:i Ovid. 4. Metam. b Aftrorum dccus. Virg*. ./Encid.9. 
+
+c AElcrnum 1 dorian id Virginitatis amor cm 
+
+Jutcmeratn col it . Virg. JE neid• 11< 
+
+■ - Herfclf untainted Hill, 
+
+Hunting and Chaftity flic aLvays lov’d. 
+ll P an fan ias in poller. Eliac. 
+
+0 Mont turn ctjlos , tiemorunique Firgo, 
+
+Qusc labor antes titer 0 pudlas 
+C I er <vocata andis adimifque let bo 
+
+Di<va tnformis, I lor. Cijrm, 1 . 3. 
+Queen of the Mountains and the Groves 1 
+Whole Hand the teeming Pain removes, 
+
+Whofe Aid the Sick and Weak implore, 
+
+.And thrice invoke thy threefold Power. 
+
+M. So, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . z 11 
+
+M\ So ! Palaophilus , you have thus long cheated 
+me ? 
+
+P. What, I cheated you ? 
+
+M. Yes, you; you have fo dexteroufly concealed 
+your Knowledge, and endeavoured to make me be¬ 
+lieve fo long, that you are ignorant and unfkilful in 
+the Mythology of trie Heathens. 
+
+P. I am as unfkilful as I pretended. You may be¬ 
+lieve me when I fvvear, that I am altogether ignorant 
+of thefe things that you teach me. Nor can you fuppofe 
+other wife from thoic Things, which I now repeat about 
+Diana . For, from a Boy I have loved this Goddefs for 
+her Modefly ; and out of refpeCI to her I learnt thefe 
+few Things, which you heard me fpeak. I am wholly 
+blind, and beg, that by your Affiflance you would 
+guide me. I fpeak fincerely, I am a mere Frefh-man. 
+
+M You can fcarce make me believe fo. But, how¬ 
+ever, I will verify the old Proverb, a and teach one that 
+knows more than myfelf. I will begin from that Word 
+that you laft mentioned. 
+
+Diana is called b Triformis and Tergetnina. Fuff, 
+becaufe, though fhe is but one Goddefs, yet fhe hath 
+three different Names, as well as three different Offices : 
+In the Heavens file is called Luna \ on the Earth file is 
+named Diana ; and in Hell flic is ftyled Plccate or Profcr- 
+pina. In the Heavens fhe enlightens every Thing by 
+her Rays ; on the Earth file keeps under her Power all 
+wild Beafts by her Bow and her Dart; and in Hell fhe 
+keeps all theGhofts and Spirits in Subjection to her by 
+her Power and Authority. Thefe fevcral Names and 
+Offices are comprifed in an ingenious c Diftich. ' But 
+nltho 5 Luna , Diana , and Hecate are commonly thought 
+to be only three different Names of the fame Goddefs, 
+
+
+:1 Stis Minervam. b Cicero 3. dc Nat. 
+
+c 7 erret, lujlrat , a git ; Prtjcrpina , Lium y Diana ; 
+
+'Ifua, fuprma, /eras ; feeptro , falgorc, Jhgittd. 
+
+Dempllcr. in Paralip. 
+
+P 2 yet. 
+
+
+21 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+yet a Hefiod efteems them three diftin< 5 l Goddefleg. 
+Secondly, becaufe {he has, as the Poets fay. Three 
+Heads: The Head of a Horfe on the right Side, of a 
+Dog on the Left, and a human Head in the Midft; 
+Whence fome call her b Three-headed, or Three-faced, 
+And c others afcribe to her the Likenefs of a Bull, a 
+Dog, and a Lion. d Virgil and c Claudian alfo men¬ 
+tion her three Countenances. Thirdly, according to 
+the Opinion of fome, {he is called Triformis , f becaufe 
+the Moon hath three feveral Phafes or Shapes : The 
+New-Moon appears arched round with a Circle of Light. 
+The Half-Moon fills a Semicircle with Light; and the 
+Fidl-Moon fills a whole Circle or Orb with its Splen¬ 
+dor. But let us examine thefe Names more exactly. 
+
+She is named Luna g from Jhining , either becaufe {he 
+only in the Night-time fends forth a glorious Light, or 
+elfe becaufe (he (hines by borrowed Light, and not by 
+her own ; and therefore the Light with which {he {hines 
+is always h new Light. Her Chariot is drawn with a 
+white and black Horfe; or with two Oxen; becaufe {be 
+has got two Horns ; fometimes a Mule is added, fays 
+Feftus , becaufe {he is barren, and {hines by the Light of 
+the Sun. Some fay, that Luna of both Sexes have 
+
+a Orpheus in Argon. b TpiaoKltpocT^ov k} T^wgocrwTrop, Cor- 
+nut. & Artemidor. 2. Oneirocr. c Porph. ap. Ger, 
+d Ter cent a?n tonat ore Dcos, Erebumqucy Chaofque , 
+Tergeminamque Hecatem , tria Virginis ora Diana • 
+
+Night , Erebus , and Chaos {he proclaims. 
+
+And threefold Hecate with her hundred Names, 
+
+And three Diana’s. 
+
+c Eccc proetd ternisy Hecate t variata 9 figuris . 
+
+(de Raptu Prof. 1 .2* 
+
+Behold far off the Goddefs Hecate 
+In threefold Shape advances —- 
+f Ap. Lil. Gyr. 
+
+c A lucendo, quckl una fit quae nodlu lucet, Cic. 2. deNat. 
+vel. h Qudd luce aliena Iplendeat, unde Grajce dicitur 
+^ar.wivj a 0-jVzf vhvy id eft, lumen novum. Id. ibid. 
+
+been 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 213 
+
+been worfhipped, efpecially among the Egyptians ; and 
+indeed, they give this Property to all the other Gods. 
+Thus both Lunus and Luna were worfhipped, but with 
+this Difference, that thofe who worfhipped Luna were 
+thought fubjeft to the Women, and thofe who wor¬ 
+fhipped Lunus were fuperior to them. a We mull alfo 
+obferve, that the Men facrificed to Venus , under the 
+Name of Luna* in Women’s Cloaths, and the Women 
+in Men’s Cloaths. 
+
+This Luna had a Gallant who was named Endymion^ 
+and he was mightily courted by her; b infomuch that, 
+to kifs him, fhe defcended out of Heaven, and came 
+to the Mountain Latmus , or Latkynius , in Carta ; where 
+he lay condemned to an eternal Sleep by 'Jupiter ; be- 
+caufe, when he was taken into Heaven, he impudently 
+attempted to violate the Modefly of Juno . In reality, 
+Endymion was a famous AJirmomer , who firft defcribed 
+theCourfe of the Moon, and he is reprefented fleeping, 
+becaufe he contemplated nothing but the Planetary 
+Motions. 
+
+Hecate may be derived from eiio&ev [ Hecatben j end - 
+nus; becaufe the Moon darts her Rays or Arrows afar 
+off. c She is faid to be the Daughter of Ceres by 
+Jupiter , who being caft out by her Mother, and ex¬ 
+posed in the Streets, was taken up by Shepherds, and 
+nourifhed by them; for which Reafon d fhe was wor¬ 
+fhipped in the Streets, and her Statue was ufually fet be¬ 
+fore the Doors of the Houfes, whence fhe took the 
+Name Propylaa. Others derive her Name from sW-mv 
+[ Hckaton ] centum , becaufe they facrificed a hundred 
+Viftims to her: c Or becaufe by her Edi£f, thofe who 
+
+a Servius in 2. iEncid. Philocor. Spartian. in Imp. Ca¬ 
+racal. b Apoll. 4. Argonaut. Pirn. 1 . 2. c. 9. 
+
+c Hcfiod. in Theogon. 
+
+d Notlurmfquc He cat c triuiis uhdata perurbes. 
+
+Virg. Aincid. 9. 
+
+And Hecate by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 
+
+c Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+P 3 dip. 
+
+
+214 Of Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+die, and are not buried, wander mi hundred Tears up and 
+down HelL However, it is certain, {he is called Tvi - 
+via a Triviis, from the Streets ; for file was believed to 
+prefide over the Streets and Ways ; fo that they facrt- 
+ficed to her in the Streets; a and the Athenians , every 
+New Moon, made a fumptuous Supper for her there, 
+which was eaten in the Night by the Poor People of 
+the City. b They fay that {he was exceflive tall ; her 
+Head was covered with frightful Snakes inftead of Hair, 
+and her Feet were like Serpents. c She was reprefented 
+encompafled with Dogs; becaufe that Animal was 
+facred to her; and Htjychius fays, that {he was fome- 
+times reprefented by a Dog. We are told that (he 
+prefided over Inchantments, and that, when (lie was 
+called feven Times, fhe came to the Saciifices : As 
+foon as thefe were finifhed, c feveral Apparitions ap¬ 
+peared, called from her He cat tea. 
+
+She was called by the Egyptians f Bubajlis ; her 
+Feafts were named Buba/hea; and the City wheie 
+they were yearly celebrated, was called Bubajlis . 
+
+Brimo is another of the Names of Hecate and Diana’, 
+which is derived from g the City 9 which file gave when 
+Apollo or Mars offered Violence to her when {he was a 
+hunting. 
+
+She was called Lucian, and Opts, becaufe h fc helps to 
+bring ihe Children into the World, which good Office (as 
+they fay) Che firff: performed to her Brother Apollo : 
+For, as foon as fhe lierfelf was horn, (he a flitted her 
+Mother Latona , and did the Office of a Midwife; 
+
+; but was fo affrighted with her Mother’s Pain, that 
+flic refblved never to have Children, but to live a Vir¬ 
+gin perpetually. 
+
+
+a Ariflophancs in Pluto. h Lucian. Pfcudoph. c A- 
+pud Gyrald. Apollin. Argonaut. c Ovid. 9. Metam. 
+f Apollon 3. Argon. " n-ifx/.y, fremo, ira .exarddto. 
+
+
+h t^udd infnntibus in luccin venientibus op cm ferae, 
+Civftat. 4. c. 1. J Callimach. Hymn, in Dian. 
+
+
+Aug. do 
+
+
+She 
+
+
+. Of the Gods of the Heathens. 215 
+
+She is called Chit one and Chitonia , a becaufe Women, 
+after Child-birth, ufed firft to facrifice to Juno 9 and 
+then offer to Diana their own and their Children's 
+Cloaths. 
+
+She was named Diflynna , not only from the b Nets , 
+which (he ufed c (for fhe was an Huntrefs, and the Prill- 
+cefs of Hunters ; for which Reafon all Woods were de¬ 
+dicated to her) but alfo becaufe' 1 Britomartis the Virgin, 
+whom fhe hunted, fell into the Nets, and vowed, if {he 
+efcaped, to build a Temple for Diana, She did efcape, 
+and then confecrated a Temple to Diana Diftynna. 
+Others relate the Story thus : When Britomartis , whom 
+Diana loved, becaufe {he was an Huntrefs, fled from 
+Minos, her Lover, and caft herfelf into the Sea; fhe 
+fell into the Fifliermens’ Nets, and Diana made her a 
+Goddefs. And fince we are talking of Hunting, give 
+me leave to-add, that the c Ancients thought that 
+Diana left off Hunting on the Ides of Augujl ; therefore 
+at that Time it was not lav/ful for any one to hunt, 
+but they crowned the Dogs with Garlands, and, by 
+the Light of Torches made of Stubble, they hung up 
+the hunting Inflruments near them. 
+
+We {hall only adjoin, to what has been faid, the two 
+Stories of Chi one and Meleager. 
+
+Chione was the Daughter of Decdalion , the Son of 
+Dcedalus: She was deflowered by Apollo and Mercury , 
+and brought forth Twins, namely, Philammon , a fkilful 
+Mufician, the Son of Apollo % and Autolychus the Son of 
+Mercury , who, proved a famous f Juggler, and an art¬ 
+ful Thief. She was fo far from thinking this a Shame 
+
+
+a xitwV, 9, quafi tunicata a x ir °> v > tunica ; folebant enim 
+fee min as partus lahoribus perfunttze Junoni facrificare; fuas 
+aulcm & inf antitun velies Dianas confccrare, Plut. 3.Sympof. 
+c. wit. h Rctia enim (Htcrvcc dicuntur. 
+
+Ovid. 2. Metam. Laft. Plac. tl Schol. Ariftoph. 
+r Brodams in Anthol. cx Schol. Pindari. 
+
+f- [fixturn in gen infos ad o/nne, 
+
+fa cere a (joe rat, pat rise non degencr art is. 
+
+P 4 
+
+
+that 
+
+
+
+2l6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+that fhe grew very proud 5 nay openly boafted, a that 
+her Beauty had charmed two Gods, and that (he had 
+two Sons by them. Befides, fhe was b fo bold as to 
+(peak fcornfulfy of Diana’s Beauty, and to prefer her- 
+felf before her: But Diana did herfelf Juftice, and pu- 
+nifhed the Infolence of this Boafter; for fhe drew her 
+Bow, and fhot an Arrow through her Tongue, and 
+thereby put her to Silence. 
+
+Meleager was punifhed for his Father c Oeneush 
+Fault, who, when he offered his firft Fruits to the 
+Gods, wilfully forgot Diana \ wherefore fhe was an¬ 
+gry, and fent a wild Boar into the Fields of his King- 
+dom of Caledonia to deftroy them. Meleager , accom¬ 
+panied with many chofen Youths, immediately under¬ 
+took either to kill this Boar or to drive him out of the 
+Country. The, Virgin Atalanta was among the Hun¬ 
+ters, and gave the Boar the firft Wound ; and foon af¬ 
+ter Meleager killed him. He valued Atalanta more who 
+wounded him, than himfelf who killed him, a and 
+therefore offered her the Boar’s Skin. But the Uncles 
+
+of 
+
+Candida de nigrzs Iff de candentibus atra, Ovid. Met. II, 
+Cunning in Theft, and wily in all Sleights, 
+
+Who could with Subtlety deceive the Sight, 
+Converting white to black, and black to white. 
+
+a - Sc peperijje duos , & Diis placuiffe duo bus. 
+
+That fhe two Sons had brought, by having pleas’d two 
+
+b ,- Sc prefer re Diana (Gods, 
+
+Sujlinvjt , faciemqne Dcas culpanjit. At illi 
+Ira ferox mot a ejl, faSiifque placabimus , inquit . 
+
+Nec niora, currv.a*vit cornu , nernm/que fagittam 
+Impulity et met item trajecit arundine linguam. 
+
+She to Diatsa’s durft her Face prefer. 
+
+And blame her Beauty. With a cruel Look, 
+
+She find our Deed fhall right us. Forthwith took 
+Jder Bow, and bent it ; which fhe ftrongly drew. 
+
+And through her cuilty Tongue the Arrow flew, 
+f Ovid. 8. Metanw 
+
+d .. 
+
+
+- Rximtas, r'tgidis horrentia fetis 
+
+!Jcrra duty inagnis injignta dentil us orr,. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. ■ziy 
+
+of Meleager were enraged that the Hide was given to a 
+Stranger, and violently took it from her; whereupon 
+Meleager killed them. As foon as his Mother Althcea 
+underftood that Meleager had killed her Brothers, {lie 
+fought Revenge like a Mad-Woman. In Althaea's 
+Chamber was a Billet, which, when Meleager was 
+born, a the Fates took, and threw it into the Fire, fay- 
+; jng, The new-born Infant {hall live as long as this Stick 
+: remains unconfumed. The Mother fnatched it out of 
+; the Fire, and quenched it, and laid it in a Clofet. But 
+\ now, moved with Rage, {he goes to her Chamber, and, 
+: fetching the Stick, b fhe threw it into the Fire ; and, as 
+, the Log burned, Meleager , tho’ abfcnt, felt Fire in his 
+! Bowels, which confirmed him, in the fame Manner that 
+! the Wood was confumed ; and when at lafl the Log was 
+\ quite reduced to Aflies, and the Fire quenched, Melea - 
+i ger 9 at the fame Time, expired, and turned to Dull:. 
+
+j 
+
+1 
+
+♦ 
+
+; llli l&titice eft cuvi munere mutter is auttor, 
+
+; Itrvtdere alii, totoque erat agmitte murmur. 
+
+Then gave the briftled Spoil and ghaflly Head 
+With monftrous Tufhes arm’d, with Terror bred. 
+
+She in the Gift and Giver Pleafure took. 
+
+All murmur, with prepofterous Envy, ftruck. 
+
+• a Temp or a, dixerunt , eadem lignoque tibique, 
+
+0 tnodo note, damns ; quo p oft qua?n cart nine ditto 
+r pxrrftere Dent ; ftagrantetn mater ah ig tie 
+Trip nit r attain:, fparfttquc liqucntibus uttdis ; 
+
+Scrotal ufquc din jiuvcnis few ewer at annos , 
+
+0 lately born, one Period v/c afiign 
+
+To thee and to the Brand. The Charm they weave 
+
+Into his Fate, and then the Chamber leave. 
+
+His Mother fnatcVd it with a haily Hand 
+
+Out of the Fire, and quench’d the flagrant Brand. 
+
+This in an inward Clofet clofeiy lays, 
+
+And by preferving it prolongs his Days. 
+
+b -- Dexiraque ant erf a trnmnti , 
+
+Finter caw I err cm tnedios conjee it in ignes, 
+
+: —wi 
+i To trern 
+
+I 
+
+t 
+
+i 
+
+[ 
+
+
+th Eyes turn’d back, her quaking Hand 
+bling Flames expos’d the Fun’ral Brand. 
+
+C II A 1 \ 
+
+
+
+218 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+C H A P. XX. 
+
+Pales. 
+
+T old Lady, which you fee a furroundcd 
+JL with Shepherds , is Pales the Goddefs of Shephirk 
+end Paflures. Some call her Magna Mater , and Vefa, 
+To this Goddefs they facrificed Milk and Wafers made 
+of Millet, that (lie might make the Failures fruitful, 
+They in ft it u ted the Peaks called Palilia or Par ilia to 
+her Honour, which were obferved upon the eleventh or 
+twelfth Day of the Calends of May^ by the Shepherds, 
+in the Field on the fame Day in which Romulus laid 
+the Foundation of the City. Thefe Fealls were cele¬ 
+brated to appeafe this Goddefs, that file might drive a- 
+way the Wolves, and prevent the Difeafes incident to 
+Cattle. The Solemnities obferved in the Palilian Feajh 
+were many : The Shepherds placed little Heaps of Straw 
+in a particular Order, and at a certain Diftance ; then 
+they danced and leaped over them : Then they purified 
+the Sheep, and the reft of the Cattle with the Fume of 
+Rofemary, Laurel, Sulphur, and the like ; as we learn 
+from Ovid 9 b who gives a Defcription of thefe Rites. 
+
+
+a Virg. Eclog. 
+
+b Alma Pales, fevoeas pajloria facra cementi , 
+
+Profequetr ojjicio fi tua ftitta inco. 
+
+Ceric ego dc *u:tido ciuer cm, Jlipulamque. fab a!cm 
+Sa'pe. iuli , tr&uet, febrna tojla , manu . 
+
+Ccrtc ego tranfdni pojilas lev in ordineJJammas, 
+
+Virgaquc r or ales tauvea mifit aquas . 
+
+Great Pedes , help ; the Pafl’ral Rights T fing, 
+
+With humble Duty mentioning each Thing. 
+
+Allies of Calves, and Bran-Straw oft I’ve held. 
+With burnt Purgations in a Hand well fill’d. 
+Thrice o’er the Flames, in order rang’d', I’ve leapt. 
+And holy Dew my Laurel Twig .has dripc. 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+C II A I\ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 219 
+
+
+CHAP. XXI. 
+
+Flora. 
+
+P, m \ 7 r ‘ OU need not tell me who that Goddefs Is, 
+j[ a whom I fee adorned-with fo much Finery 
+and Gracefulnefs, fo drefled and beautified with Flow - 
+ers, It is Flora the Goddefs and Prejidcnt of Floivers . 
+Is it not? 
+
+M- It is true, the Romans gave her the Honour of a 
+Goddefs ; but, in Reality, fhe was a famous Strumpet, 
+who, by her abominable Trade, heaped up a great deal 
+of Money, and made the People of Rome her Heir. 
+Particularly, fhe left a certain Sum, the yearly In- 
+tereft of which was fettled, that the Games, called 
+Florales , or Floralia , might be celebrated annually on 
+her Birth-Day. But, becaufe this appeared fcantfa- 
+lous, impious, and profane to the Senate, as it really 
+was, they covered their Defign, and worfhipped Flora 9 
+under the Title of Goddefs of Flowers \ and pretended 
+that they offered Sacrifice to her, that the Plants and 
+Trees might flourifh. 
+
+Ovid follows the fame Fiffion, and relates, b that 
+Chloris , an infamous Nymph, was married to Zepby- 
+rus , fiom whom flic received the Power over all the 
+Flowers: But let us return to Flora and her Games. 
+Her Image, as we find in Plutarch , was expofed in the 
+Temple of Coflor and Pollux , drefled in a clofe Coat, 
+and holding in her Right-hand the Flowers of Beans 
+and Pcafe. c For while thefe Sports were celebrated, 
+the Oflicers, or yFdiles , feattered Beans , and other Ptdfc 
+amongfl: the People. Thefe Games were proclaimed 
+and begun by Sound of Trumpet, as we find mention- 
+
+
+a LaftantiuSj 1 . i. c. 24. b Ovid, in Fallis. e Val. 
+Max, 1 . z, c. 5. 
+
+
+« 
+
+
+cd 
+
+
+
+220 Of the 
+
+ed in a Juvenal. Then the lewd Women came forth 
+in public, and (hewed Tricks naked. Strange ! that 
+fuch Filthinefs fhould be called Flores , and fuch Games 
+FI oralia. 
+
+
+a- J)ignijfi?na certe 
+
+F lor alt Matron a tuba. -— Ju<v. Sat. 6. 
+
+- . - A Woman worthy fure 
+
+Of Flora's Feflal Trumpet. 
+
+
+CHAR XXII. 
+
+F E R O N I A. 
+
+Eroniai the 3 Goddefs of the Woods , is juftly placed 
+near Flora the Goddefs of Flowers: She is called Ft* 
+ronia , from the Care (he takes in b producing and pro¬ 
+pagating Trees. The higher Place is due to her, be- 
+caufe Fruits are more valuable than Flowers, and Trees 
+than fmall and ignoble Plants. It is faid, (he had a 
+Grove facred to her, under the Mountain Sorafite ; this 
+was fet on Fire, and the Neighbours were refolved to 
+remove the Image of Feronia from thence, when on a 
+fudden the Grove became green again. c Strabo re¬ 
+ports, that thofe who were infpired by this Goddefs, 
+ufed to walk bare-foot upon burning Coals without 
+Hurt. Though many believed, that by the Goddefs 
+Feronia that Virtue is only meant, by which Fruit and 
+Flowers were produced. 
+
+
+3 Virg. 7. JEn. b Feronia a ferendis arboribus cli&a. 
+* Strabo Gcogr. 1 . 5, 
+
+CHA P. 
+
+
+
+Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 221 
+
+
+CHAP. XXIII. 
+
+P O M O N A. * 
+
+P OMONA is the Goddefs 9 the Guardian , the Pre- 
+fident , not of the a Apples only, but of all the Fruit 
+and the Product of Trees and Plants. As you fee, the 
+follows after Flora and Feronia in'Order 5 but in the 
+Greatnefs of her Merit fhe far furpafles them ; and has 
+i a Prieft who only ferves her, called Flamen Pomonalis . 
+
+P. What toothlefs Hag is that, which is fo obfequi- 
+; ous to Pomona ? 
+
+! M, It is not an old Woman, but a God. I do not 
+< wonder that you are deceived, fince in this Difguife he 
+: deceived Pomona herfelf. When fhe was very bufy in 
+I looking after her Gardens and Orchards with great 
+\ Care, and was wholly employed in watering and fe- 
+i curing the Roots, and lopping the over-grown Bran- 
+jj ches, b Vertumnus , a principal God among the Romans 
+I (called fo becaufe he had Power to turn himfelf into 
+] what Shape he pleafed) was in Love with Pomona , and 
+counterfeited the Shape of an old grey-headed Woman. 
+; i He C came leaning on a Staffinto the Gardens, admir’d 
+-j the Fruit and Beauty of them, and, commending her 
+Care about them, he faluted her. He viewed the Gar- 
+dens, and, from the Obfervations which he had made, 
+| he began to difcourfe of Marriage, telling her that it 
+•j would add to the Happinefs even of a God to have her 
+'<) to Wife. Obferve fays he, the Trees which creep up 
+•] this Wall: How do the Apples and Plums itrive which 
+
+j'! fhall excel the other in Beauty and Colour! whereas, 
+
+■) 
+
+• 1 
+
+
+j; 1 Pomona a pomis dicitur. k Vertumnus a vertendo. 
+\[ i[Uod in quas vellet figuras fefo verterc potcrat. 
+c Innitens bacttlo, pq/itis per temfora cants. 
+
+Withgrey-hair’d Noddle, leaning on a Staff. Q-v>Met. 14. 
+
+if 
+
+
+
+222 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+If they had not 3 Props or Supports, which, like Huf- 
+bands, hold them up, they would perifh and decay. 
+All this did not move her, till Vertumnus b changed 
+himfelf into a young Man, and then jfhe began alfo to 
+feel the Force and Power of Love, and Submitted to 
+his Wifhes. 
+
+
+a At ft 'floret 9 ait , crelebs fine pahnite truncus , 
+
+Nil pr cater frondes , qiiare peteretur, baberet ; 
+j Haze quoque, q'icfi j undid njitis requiefeit hi ul?no, 
+
+■ Si non jundt a forct , terra! ac cl in at a jaccret; 
+
+Vu iajnen exemplo non t anger is arbor is bujus. 
+
+Yet, faith he, if this Elm fhould grow alone, 
+Except for Shade, it would be priz’d by none : 
+And fo this Vine in am’rous Foldings wound. 
+
+If but disjoin’d, would creep upon the Ground: 
+Yet art not thou by fuch Examples led. 
+
+But fhunn’ft the Pleafure of an happy Bed. 
+
+t>- J n juvenem reddzti, iSa/iilia demit 
+
+Injlrwnenta Jibi ; talifque apparuit illi 9 
+Qualis ubi oppofetas 7iitidiffimci Solis I?nago 
+Elicit nubes , nzdlaque objlante relux it, 
+
+Vimquc par at, fed <vi non ejl opus , hzque Jigurd 
+Qapta Dei Nymph a eft, & mittua <vzdnera J'enftt. 
+
+•-- Again himfelf he grew ; 
+
+Th’ Infirmities of heatlefs Age depos’d, 
+
+And fuch himfelf unto the Nymph difclos’d ; 
+
+As when the Sun, fubduing with his P^ays 
+The muffling Cloud, his golden Brow difplays. 
+He Force prepares ; of Force there was no Need, 
+Struck with his Beauty, mutually they bleed, N 
+
+
+C II A P. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+223 
+
+
+C I-I A P. XXIV. 
+
+■ ’The Nymphs. 
+
+N OW obferve that great Company of neat, pret¬ 
+ty, hand fome, beautiful, charming Virgins, who 
+are very near the Gardens of Pomona. Some run about 
+the Woods, and hide them (elves in the Trunks of the 
+aged Oaks; fome plunge the mfelvcs into theFountains 9 
+and fome fwim in the Rivers, They are called by one 
+common N ame n Nymphs , b becaufe they always look youngs 
+or c becaufe they are handfome. Yet all have their 
+proper Names befides, which they derive either from 
+the Places where they live, or the Offices they perform 5 
+they are efpecially diftributed in Three Gaffes, Cek- 
+Jiial , Terreflriaf and Marine Nymphs. 
+
+The Celcfllal Nymphs were thofc Genii , thofe Sauls 
+and Intellects , t! who guided the Spheres of the Heavens, 
+and difpenfed the Influences of the Stars to the Things 
+of the Earth. 
+
+Of the Terrejlrial Nymphs fome prefide over the 
+Woods, and were called Dryades from a Grech Word % 
+which principally fignifies an Gale, but generally any 
+Tree whatever. Thefc Dryades had their Habitations 
+in the Oaks. . Other Nymphs were called { Hama dryades 9 
+for they were born when the Oak was firft planted, and 
+when it peri flies they die alfo. The Ancients held ftrange 
+Opinions concerning Oaks, they imagined that even 
+the fmallcft Oak was fent from Heaven. 
+
+
+a Phurnut. h 9 A no ru he) (pa'xvti&a t quod Temper 
+
+juvenes apparcant. c ’Avro rS (pnlvuv fplendcre, qudd formas 
+decore prafulgcant. <l Kx. Pint. Macrob. Prod. c a 
+A(v'c, id eft, q ue reus. Virg. Georg 4. * Ab 
+
+iinnil, & qucrcus. 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+254 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+The a DruidaSy Priefts of the Gauhy efteemed nothing 
+more divine and facred, than the Excrefcence which 
+flicks to Oaks. Others of the Terrejirial Nymphs are 
+called b Oreades or Orejliades , becaufe they prefided over 
+the Mountains Others c Napaay becaufe they had 
+Dominion over the Groves and Failles . Others <l Li- 
+moniades , becaufe they looked after the Meadows and 
+Fields . And others c Meliat, from the Aih-trees facred 
+to them ; and thefe were fuppofed to be the Mothers 
+of thofe Children, who were accidentally born under a 
+Tree, or expofed there. 
+
+The Marine Nymphs were either thofe Nymphs { 
+which prefide over the Seas, and were called Nereides , 
+or Nerina , from the Sea-God Nereu$y and the Sea- 
+Nymph Doris , their Parents ; (which Nereus and Do* 
+ris were born of T etbys and Oceanus , from whom they 
+were called Oceanitides and Oceania 5) or thofe Nymphs 
+who prefide over the Fountains, and were called s Nai¬ 
+des and Naiades 5 or elfe inhabit the Rivers , and were 
+called Fluviales or h Potamides ; or laftly, who prefide 
+over the Lakes and Ponds, and were called Limnades i 
+' from xfjwvv?, [ Limne ,] a Lake. 
+
+All the Gods had Nymphs attending them. Jupiter 
+fpeaks of his k in Ovid . Neptune had feveral Nymphs , 
+info much that Hejiod and Pindar call him 1 Nympha- 
+geteSy that is, the Captain of the Nymphs . The Poets , 
+1 generally give him fifty. Phoebus likewife had Nymphs 
+called Aganippula and Mufa . Innumerable were the 
+
+
+a Lil. Gyr. Synt. x. b Ab o%(& Mon3. c a vany, faltus 
+vel valiis, d a pratum. c MeXi«, fraxinus. f Or¬ 
+pheus in Hymn. s Naw, fluo. ll a fluvius. 1 a 
+
+Aif&iWy lacus. 
+
+k Sw:t mihi Semidei , funt ruflica Niminct Faunty 
+Et NympheVy Satyvifjue, & Mont kola SybuanL Met. 1 . !• 
+Half Gods and ruftic Fauns attend my Will, 
+Nymphs, Satyrs, Sylvans that on Mountains dwell. 
+
+1 NviAtpayfaw, id eft, Nympharum dux. Hcfiod. & Find, 
+in Illhui. 
+
+1 Nymphs 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 225 
+
+Nymphs of Bacchus , who were called by different 
+Names, Bacchas , Bajfarides , Ehides, and Thyades. Hunt- 
+ling Nymphs attended upon Diana \ and Sea-Nymphs, 
+: called Nereides , waited upon Tetbys . 3 Fourteen very 
+beautiful Nymphs belonged to Juno : Out of all which. 
+;J will only give you the Hiftory of two. 
+
+Arethufa was one of Diana's Nymphs : Her Virtue 
+was as great as her Beauty. The Pleafantnefs of the 
+Place invited her to cool herfelf in the Waters of a fine 
+
+4 
+
+
+:clear River: Alpheus , the God of the River, affumed the 
+Shape of a Man, and arofe out of the Water: He firfi: 
+Saluted her with kind Words , and then approached near 
+: to her; but away /he flies, and he follows her ; and, 
+f-when he had almoft overtaken her, the was'diflolved 
+
+
+j’with Fear, with the Afliflanceof Diana , whom fheim- 
+fplored, into a Fountain. b Alpheus then re fumed his 
+[former Shape of Water, and endeavoured to mix his 
+I'with her Stream, but in vain ; for to this Day Arethufa 
+^continues her Flight, and, by her PafTage through a 
+tCavity of the Earth, c l lie goes under Ground into Si- 
+Alpheus alfo follows by the like fubterraneous Paf- 
+(ages, till at Jaft he unites, and marries his own Streams 
+iothofe of Arethufa , in that Ifland. 
+i Echo ' 1 was a Nymph formerly, though nothing of her 
+[but her Voice remains now, and even when fhe was 
+
+
+r n 
+
+» 1 
+
+
+a — his fcptcmpraftanti corporc Nympbee. Virg. /Eneid. 1 .1, 
+
+Twice feven, the charming Daughters of the Main, 
+
+Around my Perfon wait, and bear my Train. 
+
+b ——fed cn'in cognofcit amatas 
+
+Amn'ts aquas ; pofitoque njiri, quodfiwipfcrat , ore. 
+
+Vert ifur hiproprias, ut fc illi mifccat , undas . Ov. Met. 5. 
+
+The River his beloved Waters knew; 
+
+And, p lit ting off tlP afllmicd Shape of Man, 
+
+Refumes his own, and in a Current ran. 
+c Virgil. JEn 3- 
+
+,! Corpus adhuc Echo, non <vox craf, & lamen ufttm 
+$arr u!a non all mu, gnaw nunc habet, oris ha be bat . 
+
+alive. 
+
+
+226 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+alive, fhe was fo far deprived of her Speech, a that fte 
+could not repeat the laft Words Of thofe Sentences 
+which fhe heard. b Juno inili&ed this Punifhment on 
+her for her Xalkativenefs : For, when fhe came down 
+to difcover Jupiter's Amours with the Nymphs, Ech 
+detained her very long with her tedious Difcourfes, that 
+the Nymphs might have an Opportunity to efcape, and 
+hide themfelves. This Echo by Chance met Narcijui 
+rambling in the Woods ; and fhe fo admired his Beau, 
+ty, that fhe fell in Love with him : fhe difcovered her 
+Love to him, courted him, followed him, and embraced 
+the proud Youth in her Arms $ but he broke from her 
+Embraces, and haftily fled from her Sight; whereupon 
+the defpifed Nymph hid herfelf in the Woods, and pine' 
+away with Grief, c fo that every Part of her butte 
+Voice was confumed, and her Bones were turned into 
+Stones. 
+
+Narcijh 
+
+
+a Redd ere de multis ut <verba no'vijfima pojfet . Ov. Met. I., 
+
+She was a Nymph, though only now a Sound, 
+
+Yet of her Tongue no other Ufe was found. 
+
+Than now ihe has ; which never could be more, 
+Than to repeat what ihe had heard before. 
+b Freer at hoc Juno, quia cum deprendere poffet 
+Sub Jo-vc fwpe fuo Nymphas hi monte jacenies. 
+
+Ilia dcam Ion go prudens Jermone tenebat , 
+
+Dam fugcrent Nympbn ?. 
+
+■ This Change impatient Juno's Anger wrought. 
+Who, when her Joojc ihe o’er the Mountains fought, 
+Was oft by Echo's tedious Tales mifled. 
+
+Till the fhy Nymphs to Caves and Grottos fled, 
+c Fox tantum , atquc fuperfuvt : 
+
+Vex manct : oft a fcnuit lapidis traxiftfe Jiguram ; 
+
+Jude latci fyl<vis, nulloquc in monte, rvidetur , 
+
+Omnibus audit nr : /onus eft qui ajiaiit in ilia. 
+
+Her Flefh confumes and moulders with Defpalr, 
+
+And all her Body’s Juice is turn’d to Air ; 
+
+So wond’rous arc the EfR;6ts of refllefs Pain, 
+
+That nothing but her Voice and-Bones remain# 
+
+c* ft 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathe?is 
+
+
+227 
+
+
+flarcijfus met with as bad a Fate; for, though he would 
+neither love others, nor admit of their Love, yet he fell 
+fo deeply in Love with his own Beauty, that the Love 
+of himfelf proved his Ruin. His Third led him to a 
+a Fountain, whole Waters are clear and bright as Sil¬ 
+ver: When he (looped down to drink, he faw his own 
+Image : he flayed gazing at it, was wonderfully pleafed 
+with the Beauty of it, infomuch that he fell pafiionatdy 
+in Love with it. A b little Water only feparated him 
+from his beloved Obje£fc. He continued a c long Time 
+admiring his own beloved Piclure, before he difeovered 
+what it was that he fo pafiionatdy adored ; but, at length, 
+d the unhappy Creature perceived, that the Torture he 
+differed was from the Love of his own felf. In a Word, 
+his Paffion conquered him, and the Power of Love was 
+
+greater 
+
+
+
+Nay, ev’n the very Bcnes at laft are gone. 
+
+And metamorphos’d to a thoughtlcfs Stone; 
+
+Yet dill the Voice does in the Woods furvive ; 
+
+The Form’s departed, but the Sound’s alive. 
+a Fofis erat illimis nitidis argent cus undis. Ovid. Met. 1 . 3. 
+There was, by Chance, a living Fountain near, 
+
+Whofe unpolluted Channel ran fo clear. 
+
+That it feem’d liquid Silver. 
+
+b Exigud prohibetur aquci -- 
+
+A little Drop of Water does remove 
+And keep him from the Objcttof his Love. 
+
+c'—‘- Std opaca fufus in herb a 
+
+Sped? at incxpleto 7nendace.n1 lit mine formam, 
+
+Pcrquc oados peril ipje fuos. 
+
+-lie lies extended on the fliady Grafs, 
+
+Viewing with greedy Byes the pidlur’d Face, 
+
+And on himfelf brings Ruin. 
+
+<' ~ . Flammas , i n q u i t, mo*vcoque , fa'oque: 
+
+Fhtod cupio mccum cjl ; inn pan me cop infecit* 
+
+O utinam a nojlyo feedere cor pore pojjetn / 
+
+Volum in am ante noviwi eft njdlun quod amamtts (the(Jet, 
+
+My Love docs vainly on my felf return. 
+
+And fans the cruel Flames with which I burn. 
+
+O a 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+22B Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+greater than he could refift, fo that, by Degrees, a he 
+wafted away andconfumed, and, at laft, by the Favour 
+of the Gods > was turned into a Daffodil, a Flower cab 
+led by his own Name. 
+
+
+The Thing defir’d I ftill about me bore. 
+
+And too much Plenty has confirm’d me poor. 
+
+O that 1 from my much-lov’d felf could go, 
+
+O ftrange Requeft, yet would to God ’twerc fo ! 
+
+a —. cittcniiatus amove 
+
+Liquttur , £3 caco paidatim carpitur ignc. 
+
+No Vigour, Strength, or Beauty does remain, 
+But hidden Flames confume the wafting Swain. 
+
+
+CHAP. XXV. 
+
+The Inferior Rural Deities . 
+
+T PIE Images of thefe Gods and Goddefies are fo 
+
+fmall, that we cannot difcern their Figures: 
+Wherefore I will only recount their Names. And firft, 
+Rufina , the Goddefs to whofe Care all the Parts of 
+the Country are committed. Then 
+Colima , file who reigns over the Hills . 
+
+Valiant a , who holds her Empire in the Vallies. 
+Hippona , b who prefides over the Horfes and Stables . 
+c This was the Name alfo of a beautiful Woman, be¬ 
+gotten by one Fulvius from a Mare. 
+
+Bubona , who hath the Care of the Oxen. 
+
+Scia 9 ' 3 who takes Care of the Seed, whiJft it lies bu¬ 
+ried in the Earth. She is like wife called c Scgctia\ be- 
+caufe fhe takes care of the Blade , as foon as it appears 
+green above the Ground. 
+
+
+;i Ah fww©-', i. e. eejuus. Apnleius Aftn. aur. 1. 3 . c Tcr- 
+tullian. Apol. d a ferendo nomen liabct Scia. ut c Scgetia 
+a Segclc. PI in. 1. 8. 
+
+
+Rwicifi* 
+
+
+
+Of. the Gods of the Heathens . 229 
+
+Runctna is the Goddcfs of Weeding . She is invoked 
+a when the Fields are to be weeded. 
+
+Occator is the God of Harrowing. He is vv or (hipped 
+1 when the Fields are to le harrowed. 
+
+Sator and Sarritor are the c Gods of Sowing and Ra- 
+king. 
+
+To the God Robigus were celebrated Feftivals called 
+Robigalia , which were ufually obferved upon the 7th of 
+the Calends of May , to avert the d Blafing of the Corn. 
+
+Slercutinsy Stercutus , or Sterculius , called like wife 
+Sterquilius and Picumnus , is the Rural God, who firft 
+invented the Art of c Dunging the Ground. 
+
+Proferpina is the Goddefs which prefides over the 
+Corn, F when it is fproutedpretty high above the Earth . 
+Welhallfpeak more of her when we dilcourfe concern¬ 
+ing the Infernal Deities. 
+
+Nod of us i or Nodotus , is the God that takes Care of the 
+g Knots and the joints of the Stalks. 
+
+Volufia is the Goddefs which takes care to fold the 
+Blade round the Corn, before the Beard breaks out, 
+which h Foldings of the Blade contain the Beard, as 
+Pods do the Seed. 
+
+Patelina takes Care of the Corn, 3 after it is broken 
+out of the Pod, and appears. 
+
+The Goddefs Flora prefides over the Ear, when it k 
+bloffoms. 
+
+And Lafiura or LaSlucwa^ who is next to Flora , pre- 
+fules over the Ear when it begins 1 to have Milk. 
+
+And Matura takes Care that the Ear comes to a juft 
+Maturity . 
+
+
+
+i- a Cum. runeaniur agri. b Cum ocean/ur agri, Serv. in 
+jj Georg, 1. Plin. 1 . 18. c. 29. c Ita didli a Serendo id Sar- 
+j; riendo . d Ad aver tend am a falls rubiginem* c Ita dicitur 
+f'ii 6 'tercore. f Cum fuper terrain leges preferpferit. *5 Pne- 
+i;]>onitur Nod/s Gcniculifquc culmomm. ll Foliiculorum ///- 
+■j vol/icr/s pncficitur. 1 Cum fpicayv?/< 7 pollquani e folliculis 
+
+
+Kmerfit. 
+
+
+k Cum florej'cit. 
+
+
+0.3 
+
+
+LcUteJcere , 
+
+
+Ilojlilina 
+
+
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+Hojlilina was worfhipped, that the Ears of the Corn 
+might grow a even, and produce a Crop proportion- 
+able to the Seed Town. 
+
+Tutelina , or Tutulina^ hath the "Tutelage of Corn when 
+it is reaped. 
+
+Philumnus invented the Art of b Kneading and Ba¬ 
+king the Corn. 
+
+Mellona invented the c Art of making Honey. 
+
+And Fornax is efleemed a Goddefs ; becaufe, before 
+the Invention of Grinding the Wheat, the Bread Corn 
+was parched in a Furnace . Ovid' x makes mention of 
+this Goddefs. 
+
+Thefe me.an Deities are but the Rcfufe of the Gods. 
+Let us leave them, and turn our Eyes to the 1 . eft- 
+hand Wall in this Pantheon * where we {hall fee the 
+Gods of the Sea . 
+
+
+
+
+3 Ab ho/Hre , quod veteruni lingua fignificabat idem quod 
+square. Augultinus de Civitate jam laudatus. b A. piland^ 
+Id ell, condenfando & farinam fubigendo. Vid. Sery. in 
+iEneid. 9. c Artem niellificii excogitavit. 
+
+41 Taft a Dca ejl Fornax, lecti for n ace coloni 
+
+Or ant tit vires temperet \ilia Jitas. Fall, 1. 6, 
+
+A Goddefs Fornax is, and her the Clowns adore. 
+That they may’ve kindly Batches by her Pow’r, 
+
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+CHAP. I. 
+
+
+SECT. I. Ne p t u n e. His Name and 
+
+Defcent • 
+
+HIS is a.glorious and beautiful Scene. 
+Are thefe the Gods of the JVaters ? Are 
+thefe the Marine Gods , whofe numerous 
+Companions are carried all over the li¬ 
+quid Plains of the Sea in Shells ? 
+
+M » Thefe are the Gods , the Prcfi- 
+dents , the Princes of the vaft Finny Regions, and the 
+Moderators of the flowing Waves. 
+
+P. And who is that King, with black Flair and blue 
+Eyes, who holds a Sceptre in his Right-hand 1 iIce a 
+Fork with three ‘ Tines , and is fo beautifully arrayed in 
+a Mantle of Jl%urc, clafping his Left-Hand round his 
+Queen’s Waift? He {lands upright in his Chariot, 
+which is a large Efca 11 op»lhell drawn by Sca-horfes, 
+and attended by odd Kind of Animals, which re fum¬ 
+ble Men in the upper Parts, and Filh in the lower, 
+
+Q .4 M. It 
+
+
+
+« 
+
+
+232 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+M . Tt is Neptune , whofe Name is derived by the 
+Change of a few Letters from the Word a Nubo , which 
+fignifies to cover ; becaufe the Sea encompaffe, embra¬ 
+ces, and, as it were, covers the Land* Or, as others be¬ 
+lieve, he is fo called from the Egyptian Word (Nep - 
+then) which fignifies the CoalL and Promontories, and 
+other Parts of the Earth which are wafhed by the Wa¬ 
+ters. So that 5 Tally i who derives Neptune d Nando , 
+from fwimming, is either miftaken, c or the Place is 
+corrupt. 
+
+It is Neptune , I fay, the Governor of the Sea , the Fa - 
+ther of the Rivers and the Fountains, and the Son of 
+Saturn by Ops . His Mother preferved him from the 
+devouring Jaws of Saturn , who, as we remarked a- 
+bove, eat up all the Male Children that were born to 
+him, by giving Saturn a young Foal to eat in his Stead. 
+In the Greek he is called ilocrsMv [ Pojeidon ] becaufe lie 
+fo binds d our Feet that we are not able to walk within 
+his Dominions, that is, on the Water. 
+
+When he came to Age, Saturn's Kingdom was divi¬ 
+ded by Lot, and the Maritime Parts fell tq him. He and 
+Apollo , by 'Jupiter' s Command, were forced to ferve La - 
+cmedon , in building the Walls of Troy: Becaufe he and 
+fome other Gods had plotted againft Jupiter . Then 
+he took G Amphitrite to IViJc , who refufed a long Time 
+to hearken to his Courtfhip, and comply with his De¬ 
+fires ; but, at laft, by the Afliftance of a Dolphin, and 
+by the Power of Flattery he gained her. To recom- 
+penfr which Kindnefs, the Dolphin was placed among 
+the Stars, ancl made a Conftellation. Neptune had two 
+other Wives befides, Salacia , fo named from Salum> the 
+
+
+a A mtbc?:dt> % quod mare terras obnubat. Varro. b Tul¬ 
+lius de Nat. Door. 1. 2 . c Lipfius and Bochartus. d Qui 
+mocrl hoc eft, pedibus vinculum injicit, ne pedibusa- 
+
+cjuas ambulcmus. Plato in Cratyl. c Dicitur ufjtpirpWy d 
+trh dfA<pir^i0nv 9 a circuniterendo, quod terrain marc cir- 
+cumterat. 
+
+Sen, 
+
+
+the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Sea, a or the Salt Water towards the lower Part and Bot¬ 
+tom of the Sea. And Penelia, (o named from Peniendo* 
+becaufe the Sea goes and conies with the Tides it ebbs 
+and flows by Turns. 
+
+
+
+
+a Augufiinus de Civitate Dei. 
+
+SECT. II. Actions of Neptune. 
+
+T HE Poets tell us, that Neptune produced a b Horfe 
+
+in Attica out of the Ground, by c ftriking it with 
+his Trident \ whence he is called Hippius , and d Hippo - 
+dromus , and isefleemed the P ref dent over the Horfe- 
+Races. At his Altar in the Circus of Rome , Games were 
+inftituied, in which they reprefented c the ancient Ro¬ 
+mans by Violence carrying away the Sabine Virgins. 
+His Altar was under Ground, and he was facrificed un¬ 
+to by the Name of f Con jus , God of Counfel \ which, for 
+the in oft part, ought to be given privately ; and there¬ 
+fore the God Conjus was worfhipped in an obfeure and 
+private Place. The folemn Games g Confitalia , which 
+were celebrated in the Month of March , were inftitu- 
+ted in Honour of Neptune , whofe other Name was* as 
+I have faid. Coif us . At the fame Time the Horfes left 
+working, and the Mules were adorned with Garlands 
+of Flowers. 
+
+Hence alfo it comes that the Chariot fas you fee) of 
+Neptune is drawn by Hippocampi , or Sea- Horfes , as well 
+as fometimes by Dolphins. Thofe Sea-Horfes had the 
+Tails of Fifties, and only two Feet, which were like 
+
+
+13 Sophocl. in CEdip. 
+c Pcrcujja magno failure tridentc . 
+
+With his huge Trident having (truck the Ground. 
+
+Virg. Georg. I r. 
+
+A Ab i. e. cquus, 8c o$, i. e. curfus* Pindar, 
+
+Ode i.Ifth. Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. c Dion. Fla lie. 1, 2 . 
+f A confilio clando, Servius ylincid, 8. s Hut. in Roinulo, 
+Dion, FI a lie, 1. 2 . 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+234 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+the Fore-feet of a Hoife, according to the Defcription 
+given of him in a Statius ; and this is the Reafon why 
+h Firgil calls them two footed Horfes. Neptune guides 
+them, and goads them forward with his Trident, asit 
+is prettily exprefled in c Statius . 
+
+It was therefore Neptune s peculiar Office, not only 
+to prefide over, and govern Horfes both by Land and by 
+Sea, but alfothe Government of Ships was committed 
+to his Care, which were always fafe under his Protec. 
+tion : For, whenever he d rides upon the Waters, the 
+Weather immediately grows fair, and the Sea calm. 
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+a Illic JEgeo Nept unit s gurgit efejfos 
+
+J/z porterm deducit cquos y prior haurit habenas 
+
+TJnguIa , pojlremi folvuntur in atquorepifees » Thcb, 2 . 
+
+Good Neptune's Steeds to reft are fet up here. 
+
+In the JEgean Gulph, whofe fore Parts harmlefs bear 
+Their hinder Parts fiih-fhap’d. 
+
+b --. Magnum quipifeibus rtquor, 
+
+Et jritfto bipedum curru metitar e quorum , Georg. 1. 4 , 
+
+—-- Through the vafl Sea he glides. 
+
+Drawn by a Team half Fifh half Horfe he rides. 
+
+c ‘Triplici iclo jubet ire jugales : 
+
+Jili fpumferos glower ant a pettoreJhtdlus y 
+
+Pone natant, dclentque pedum njeftigia caudd. Achil. 1. I. 
+
+Shaking his Trident, urges on his Steeds, 
+
+Who with two Feet beat from their brawny Breaks 
+The foaming Billows; but their hinder Parts 
+-Swim, and go fmooth againft the curling Surge. 
+
+Homer . in Hymn, Sil, ItaL /. \> 
+d ..-• *Ttomda tvquora placat , 
+
+Colledlafquc fugat nubes , Jblcmque reducit, JEncid. 1. I* 
+
+
+ITe fmooths the Sea, 
+
+
+Difpcls the Darknefj, and rcllorcs the Day. 
+
+—- trquora poftqnam 
+
+ProJ'piciC'is Gcnitor y Co loque invedlus aperto , 
+
+Fleet it cqtios , curru quo <volans dat lor a J'ce undo. 
+Sub fidunt undn', limit ((unique fub axe tonanti 
+Stcrnitur a'quor aquis 7 fngiunt *vaJlo ec there nimbi. 
+
+
+Whore 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathen's. 
+
+- - » Where-e’er he guides 
+
+His finny Courfers, and in Triumph rides. 
+The Waves unruffle, and the Sea fubiid.es. 
+
+
+
+SECT. III. Children of Neptun : e. 
+
+T HE moft remarkable of his Children were Phor- 
+cus , or Pborcys , and Proteus . 
+
+Phorcus was his Son ;l by the Nymph Thcfea. He 
+•was vanquished by Atlas , and drowned in the Sea : His 
+furviving Fiiends faid, that he was made a Sea-God., 
+and therefore they worfhipped him. We read of ano¬ 
+ther Phorcus , b who had three Daughters ; they had 
+but one Eye among them all, which thev all could 
+ufe: When any of them defired to fee any Thing, fhe 
+fixed her Eye in her Forehead, in the fame Manner as 
+Men fix a Diamond in a Ring : When fhe had ufed 
+it, (lie pulled the Eye out again, that her Sifters might 
+have it ; thus they all ufed it, as there was Occafion. 
+Proteus , his other Son, was the c Keeper of the Sea- 
+Calves ; his Mother was the Nymph Phcenice . d He 
+could convert himfelf into all Sorts of Shapes ; fome- 
+times he could flow like the Water, and fometimes 
+burn like the Fire ; fometimes he was a Fifh, fome¬ 
+times a Bird, a Lion, or whatfoever he pleafed : Nor 
+was this wonderful Fower enjoyed by Proteus alone; 
+for Vertumnus , one of the Gods of the Romans, had it; 
+his Name {hews it, as we obferved before in the Story 
+of Pomona . And from that God, Vertnmnus , comes that 
+common Latin Expreflion, hem or male vertht, may it 
+fucceed well or ill; becaufe it is the Bufincfs of the God 
+Vertumnus c to prefide over the Turn or Change of Things , 
+
+
+n Var. ad. Nat. Com. h Palazphat. in fab, c Pho- 
+carnm feu Vituloruin marinonun pallor, Tzetz. chil, z. 
+hifl. 44. <l Ovid. Mctam. 8. c Vertumnus didlus eft 
+a vertendo. Rebus ad opinnta revertentibus pnuefle. 
+Donatus in Terent. 
+
+
+which 
+
+
+236 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+which happen according to Expectation ; though often¬ 
+times what we think good is found, in the Conclufion, 
+{male vert ere'} to be worfe than was expected ; as that 
+* Sword was which Dido received from /Eneas , with 
+which fhe afterwards killed herfelf. 
+
+Neptune b endued Periclimenus , Nejlor *s Brother, with 
+the fame Power, who was afterwards killed by Hercules 
+in the Shape of a Fly, for, when he fought againfl Ne - 
+leusy a Fly tormented him, and ftung him violently; 
+when Pallas difeovered to Hercules , that this Fly was 
+Periclimenus , he killed him. 
+
+Neptune gave the fame Power to c Metra , Meflra , or 
+F/Iejlre, the Daughter of Erijifihon: She obtained this 
+Reward from him, becaufe he had debauched her, by 
+which Power fhe was enabled to fuccour her Father’s 
+infatiable Hunger. 
+
+For the fame Caufe Canis, a Virgin of Thejfaly , ob¬ 
+tained the fame, or rather a greater Power from Nep- 
+tune , for he gave her Power to change her Sex, and 
+made her invulnerable ; fhe therefore turned herfelf 
+into a Man, and was called Cceneus : She fought againft 
+the Centaurs 9 till they had overwhelmed her with a.vaft 
+Toad of Trees, and buried her alive d ; after which 
+fhe was changed into a Bird of her own Name. 
+
+
+a . . .... enfcmque recludit 
+
+Dardan turn, non hos qudjttummnntts inufus. Virg*. /En 1. 4 , 
+
+—.— - The Trojan Sword unfheath’d, 
+
+A Gift by him not to this Ufe bequeath'd. ' •- 
+
+* Homer, in OdylT. 1 . 11. 
+
+c Nunc eqtta , nunc ales , modo bos , mo do feruus abibat, 
+
+Prabebatq; avido non jujla aliment a parent i, Ov. Met. 1.8. 
+Now Hart-like, now a Cow, a bird, a Mare, 
+
+She fed her Father with ill-purchas'd Fare. 
+
+4 Ovitl, Metam. 
+
+
+
+C H A P. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+Triton, and the other Marine Gods. 
+
+tfRlTON was the a Son of Neptune by Jlmphitrite: 
+d- He was his Father’s Companion and b Trumpeter . 
+Down to his Navel he refembles a Man, but his other 
+Part is like a Filh. His two c Feet are like the Fore¬ 
+feet of a Horfe, his Tail is cleft and crooked, like a 
+Half-Moon, and his Hair refembles wild Parfley. Two 
+Princes of Parnajfus ( d Virgil and c Ovid) give moil: 
+elegant Descriptions of him. 
+
+Oceanus 9 
+
+
+3 Hefiod. in Thcogon. 2. Stat. 6. Theb. b Virg. JEn, 1. 
+c Apollon. Argon. 4. 
+
+d Hunt' vehit immanis Triton , & carula concha 
+Exterrens fret a ; ad late nan tenus hifpida nanti 
+From ho/nine m prafcrt , in prifim deflnit alvus, 
+
+Spumea peflfero fub pe&ore murmur at unda . ^En. jo„ 
+
+Him and his martial Train the Triton bears. 
+
+High on his Poop the Sea-green God appears; 
+Frowning, he feems his crooked Shell to found. 
+
+And at the Blaft the Billows dance around. 
+
+An hairy Man above the Waifl: he grows ; 
+
+A Porpoife Tail beneath his Belly grows. 
+
+And ends a Filh : His Breads the Waves divide. 
+
+And Froth and Foam augment the murm’ring Tide.. 
+c Car id cum Trito/ia wo cat, conchaque. fon anti 
+Jnfpirarc jubet , flu SI ij quo & flumina flgno 
+Ja/n revocare dato. Cava buccina fnmitur il/J , 
+
+Tort His in latum , qua turbine crefcii i?i i/no ; 
+
+Buccmci voce rep let Jub utroque jacentia Phot bo. Met. I, 
+
+Old Triton riling from the Deep he fpies, 
+
+Whofe Shoulders rob’d, with native Purple, rile. 
+
+And bids him his loud-founding Shell inlpire. 
+
+And give the Floods a Signal to retire. 
+
+
+He 
+
+
+23 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 
+
+Oceanus , another of the Sea-Gods y a was the Son of 
+Coslum and Vejla b who, by the Ancients, was called the 
+Father , not only of all the Rivers, hue of the Animals, 
+and of the very Gods themfelves 5 for they imagined, 
+that all the Things in Nature took their Beginning 
+from him. It is faid, he begot of his Wife Tethys Three 
+Thoufand Sons, the moft eminent of which were, 
+
+Nereus, c who was nurfed and educated by the Wovn, 
+d and afterwards dwelt in the JEgean Sea, and became 
+a famous Prophefier. He c begat Fifty Daughters by 
+his Wife Doris , which Nymphs were called, after their 
+Father’s Name, Nereides. 
+
+Palccjnon , and his Mother Ino , arealfo to be reckon’d 
+among the Sea-Deities. They were made Sea-Gods 
+on this Occafion; Ino 9 s Hufband Athamas was di ft railed, 
+and tore his Son Learchus into Pieces, and dallied him 
+againft the Wall: Ino faw this, and fearing left the fame 
+Fatefhould come upon herfelf, and her other Sun, Mi- 
+licerta , (he took her Son, and with him threw herfelf 
+into the Sea, where they were made Sea-Deities: No* 
+thing perifhed in the Wafers but their Names. Tho 1 
+their former Names were loft in the Waves, yet they 
+found new ones : She was called Lcucotbea , and he Pa* 
+Icemon by the Greeks , and Portumnus by the Latins. 
+
+Glaucus the Fifherman became a Sea-God by a more 
+pleafant Way : For, when he pulled the Fi/b, which 
+he had caught, out of the Nets, and laid them on the 
+Shore, he obfetved, that, by touching a certain f Herb, 
+the Fifli recovered their Strength, and leaped again in* 
+to the Water. He wondered at fo ftrange an JiffeiSl, and 
+
+
+He his wreath’d Trumpet takes (as given in Charge) 
+
+. That from the turning bottom grows more large: 
+This, when the Numc?i o’er the Ocean founds. 
+
+The Eafl and Well;, from Shore to Shore, rebounds. f 
+a Hefiod. in Theogon. b Orph. in Hymn, FIchod ibid. 
+c Ilorat. 1. Carm, Euripid, in fphig. c /Ipoi. 4* 
+
+f Strab. 1 . o. 
+
+had 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. sg-p 
+
+had a Defire to tafle this Herb: a When he''had tailed 
+it, he followed his Fifh, and, leaping into the Water, 
+became a God of the Sea . 
+
+To thefe we may add the Story of Canopus , a God* 
+of the Egyptians , who, by the Help of Water, gained a 
+memorable Vidlory over the Gods of the Chaldeans . 
+b When thefe two Nations contended about the Power 
+and Superiority of their Gods, the Priefts confented to 
+bring thefe two Gods together, that they might decide 
+their Controverfy : The Chaldeans brought their God 
+Ignis (Fire) and the Egyptians brought Canopus ; they 
+fet the two Gods near one another to fight ; Canopus 9 s 
+Belly was a great Pitcher filled with Water, and full 
+of Holes, but lb (lopped with Wax, that no-body could 
+difcern them. When the Fight began. Fire , the God 
+of the Chaldeans, melted the Wax, which flopped the 
+Holes, fo that Canopus , with Rage and Violence, af- 
+faulted him with Streams of Water, and totally extin- 
+guifhed, vanquifhed, and overcame him. 
+
+a Ovid. Metam. 1 . 13. b Ruffin. 1 . 11. c. 26. 
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+SECT. I. The Monfters of the Sea . 
+
+The Sirens. 
+
+
+HERE were three Sirens , whofe Parentage is 
+JL uncertain, though fome fay, c that they were the 
+Offspring of Ach clous the River , and Melpomene the 
+Mid'c . ,l Thcv had the Faces of Women, but the Bo¬ 
+
+
+dies of 
+Pc lor is 
+I (lands 
+
+
+flying Fiflt: They dwelt near the Promontory 
+in Sicily (now called Capo di Fayo) or in the 
+called c Sir mu fa, which are fit u ate in the ex- 
+
+
+c Nicand. Metam. 3. (I OvivU Metam. 3. c Strabo. 
+1 . g, Idem, 1 , 1. 
+
+
+treme 
+
+
+
+24° Of the Gods of the Heathens - 
+
+extreme Parts of Italy, where, with the Sweetnefs of 
+their Singing, they allured all the Men to them, that 
+failed by thofe Coafts \ and when, by their Charms, 
+they brought upon them a dead Sleep, they drowned 
+them in the Sea, and afterwards took them out and 
+devoured them. Their Names were Pa*netbope , (who 
+died at Naples, for which Re-ifon that City was for¬ 
+merly called Partbenopc) Ligea , and Leucofia. 
+
+That their Charms might be eafilier received, and 
+make the greater Imprefllon on the Minds of the Hear¬ 
+ers, they ufed mufical Inftruments with their Voices, 
+a adapted the Matter of their Songs to the Temper and 
+Inclination of their Hearers. b W'ith f me Songs they 
+indeed the Ambitious, with others the Voluptuous, 
+and with other Songs they drew on the Covetous to 
+their Deftru£tion. 
+
+P. What then ? Could no Pafiengers ever efcape 
+this Plague ? 
+
+ltd . Hiftory mentions only two, UlyJJes and Orpheus , 
+who efcaped. c The firft was forewarned of the Danger 
+of their charming Voices, by Circe\ wherefore he (top¬ 
+ped the Ears of his Companions with Wax, and was 
+himfelf faft bound to the Mail of the Ship, by which 
+Means he fafely pafled the fatal Coafts. d But Orpheus 
+overcame them in their own Art, and evaded the 
+Temptations of their murdering Mujick , by playing 
+upon bis Harp, and finging the Praifes of the Gods fo 
+well, that he out-did the Sirens . The Fates had or¬ 
+dained, that the Sirens fhould live, till fomebody, who 
+pafled by, heard them fing, and yet cfcaped alive. When 
+therefore they faw themlelvcs overcome, they grew dc- 
+
+
+a Homer. OdyfT. 
+
+b Movjlra Maris Sir cues crant > qtiec <voce canora 
+
+Quajlibct admijfas dot inner c rates . Ov. de Art. Am. 1 . 3. 
+Sirens were once Sca-M.onfi.ers, mere Decoys, 
+Trepanning Seamen with their tuneful Voice, 
+c Homer. Ody/T, 1• d Apollon, Argon. 
+
+
+fperatc 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 241 
+
+
+fperate, and threw themfelves headlong into the Sea? 
+and were turned into Stones. Some write that they 
+were formerly Virgins, Profcrpina* s Companions, who 
+fought every-where for her when fhe was dolen away 
+by Pluto ; but when they could not find her, they were 
+fo grieved that they caft themfelves into the Sea, and 
+from that Time were changed into Sea-Monfters. a O- 
+thers add, that, by "Juno* s Perfuafion, they contended in 
+Mufick with the Mufes, who overcame them, and, to 
+punifh their Rafhnefs, cut ofF their Wings, with which 
+they afterwards made for themfelves Garlands. 
+
+P. What did the Poets fignify by this Fiddon ? 
+
+M. That the b Minds of Men are depofed from their 
+proper Seat and State by the Allurements of Plea Jure . It 
+conupts them 5 there is not a more deadly Plague in 
+.Nature to Mankind than Voluptuoufnefs : Whoever 
+s addidls himfelf altogether to Pleafures, lofes his Rea- 
+
+j fon, and is ruined ; and he that defires to decline their 
+
+% 
+
+[Charms, muft flop his Ears, and not liflen to them, but 
+| mu ft hearken to the Mufick of Orpheus ; that is, he 
+\ muft obferve the Precepts and Inftrudtions of the Wife . 
+
+\ Now turn your Eyes to thofe two Monfters, who 
+; are called Scylla and Charybdis . 
+
+4 
+
+
+
+;i a Paufan. in Boeot. 
+j h Voluptatum illecebris 
+Imovcri. Cicero Paradox. 1. 
+
+
+xnentem e fua fedc Sc ftatu di 
+dc Senedlute. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Scylla and C1-1 arybdis. 
+
+
+om 
+
+
+'^T A H E Defcription of Scylla is very various; for fame 
+A fay, that a file was a mod beautiful Woman from 
+the Breads downward,but had fix Dogs Heads. Again, 
+others fay, that in her upper Parts flic refcmblcd a Wo- 
+wan, in her lower a Serpent and a Wolf. 13 ut, what- 
+
+R ever 
+
+
+Ilomcri Ody{i\ 
+
+
+
+
+242 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+ever her Picture was, a every body fays (he was the 
+Daughter of Phorcus . She was courted by Glaucus , ani 
+received his Embraces 5 whereupon Circe , who pailio- 
+nately loved Glaucus , and could not bear that Scylla vm 
+preferred before her by Glaucus , b poifoned, with venc* 
+mous Herbs, thofe Waters in which Scylla ufed to waft 
+herfelf: Scylla was ignorant of it, and, according to her 
+Cuftom, went into the Fountain ; and when fhe fa» 
+that the lower Parts of her Body were turned into the 
+Pleads of Dogs, being extremely grieved that fhe had loll 
+her Beauty, fhe cafl herfelf headlong into the Sea, where 
+fhe was turned into a Rock, infamous for the many 
+Ship-wrecks which happen there, which Rock is ilill 
+Teen in the Sea, which divides Italy from Sicily, between 
+Afej/ina , a City of Sicily , and Rhegiwn (now called Reg¬ 
+gio ) in Calabria . "This Rock is faid to be furroundetj 
+with Dogs and Wolves, who devour the Perfons who 
+are caft away there. But hereby is meant only, that 
+when, the Waves, by a violent Storm, are da(M 
+againft this great Rock, the Noife a little refembles the 
+Barking of Dogs, and the Howling of Wolves. 
+
+P+ You fay, that Scylla was the Daughter of Pkr> 
+cus *, but was fhe not rather the Daughter of Nifiii 
+..King of Me gar a ? 
+
+Al. No, that Scylla was another Woman ; for Scylla, 
+c the Daughter of King Ni/us , was in Love with Mm 
+who belieged her Father in the City of Megara , Sjic 
+betrayed both her Father and her Country to him, by 
+cutting off the fatal Lock of purple Hair, in which 
+were contained her Father’s and her Country’s Safety, 
+and fent it to the Befiegcr. Minos gained the City by 
+it, but detefted Scylla' s Perfidioufnefs, and hated her: 
+She could not bear this Misfortune, but was changed 
+into a Lark, Nifus, her Father, was like wife changed 
+into a Sf>ar~Hawk, which is called Ni/us , after & 
+
+
+« 
+
+v 
+
+a 
+
+a 
+
+
+Bl 
+
+
+•a 
+■ h 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+a Apollon, 3. Argon. b Myro Prian. U 3* R cruni 
+
+Mwflan. • c Paufanias in Attic. 
+
+Na«tcj 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heat hen $. 
+
+
+H3 
+
+
+Name; and this Spar-Hawk, as if he yet fought to pu- 
+nilh his Daughter’s great Bafenefs, ftill purfues the 
+Lark with great Fury to devour her* 
+
+Charybdis is a vaft Whirlpool in the fame Sicilian Sea 3 
+bver-againft **Scylla , which fwallows down whatfoever 
+comes within its Circle, and vomits it up again. They 
+fay, that this Charybdis was formerly a very ravenous 
+Woman, who ftole away Hercules's Oxen, for which 
+Theft Jupiter ftruck her dead with Thunder, and 
+then turned her into this Gulph. You will find an 
+elegant Description of thefe two Monfters, Scylla and 
+Charybdis , hi b Virgil. 
+
+P . What do thefe Fables of Scylla and Charybdis 
+reprefent to us ? 
+
+M They reprefent to us Luft and Gluttony, trion- 
+ftrous Vices, which render our Voyage thro’ this World 
+extremely hazardous and perilous. Luft, like Scylla 3 
+
+
+a Virg. Georg. 
+
+k Dextrtim Scylla lotus> lamirn implacata Charybdis 
+Obfidet , . atque imo Barathri. ter gurgite <vaf}os 
+Sorbet in abrupt urn fit tins, rurfufq; fub auras 
+Erigit alternosy let Jtdcra ajcrberat undd. 
+
+At Scy/lam ctccis cohibet fpclunca latebris 
+Ora exert ant ern, iff nwves in fax a trahcntem. 
+
+Prim a hominis facies , iff pule hro pc Store <virgo 
+Pube ten us’; pefrema ivmiani compare Pifcis, 
+
+Delphi?! urn caudas litero commiffa luporum . ^Eneid. 1 . 
+
+Far on the Right her Dogs foul Scylla hides : 1 
+
+Charybdis roaring on the Left prefidcs, ' > 
+
+And in her greedy Whirpool fucks the Tides : j 
+
+Then fpouts them from below ; with Fury driv’n, , 
+The Waves mount up, and wadi the Face of Heaven ; 
+But Scylla, from her Den, with open Jaws 
+The finking Veftel in her Eddy draws, 
+
+Then dailies on the Rocks : A Human Face, 
+
+And Virgin-Bofom, hides the 'Tail’s Di/grace. 
+
+Her*Parts obfccuc below tlie Waves defeend, 
+
+Wifli Dogs inclos’d, and in a Dolphin end. 
+
+R a 
+
+
+enrage *3 
+
+
+
+
+* 
+
+244 Of the Gods of the Heatheris. 
+
+enrages unwary Patten gers by the Beauty and Pomp q‘ 
+her Outfide, and when they are entangled in her Snares, 
+fhe tortures, vexes, torments, and difquiets them with 
+Rage and Fury, which exceeds the Madnefs of Dogs, 
+or the Ravenoufnefs of Wolves. Gluttony is a Cha* 
+rybdis , a Gulph , a Whirl-pool that is infatiable 5 it buries 
+Families alive, and devours Eftates, and conifumes 
+Lands and Treafures, and fucks up all Things ; They 
+are neighbouring Vices* and, like Scylla and Cbarybdis , 
+are but little diftant from each other ; nay, they are 
+feldom feparate, but aft with united Forces ; for you 
+will not ealily find a Man, who is greatly addifted to 
+the Luxury of Eating and Drinkings who is not alfo a 
+Slave to the Luxury of Concupifcence , and befmeared 
+with the forbidden Filth of bafe Pleafures, and wholly 
+given up to do the moft vile and impudent Lufts. 
+
+But it is now Time to confider the Place in which 
+the Wicked are tormented eternally , or rather to call 
+down our Eyes upon it, in the lower Apartment of this 
+Pantheon , where the Infernal Gods are painted : We 
+will only take a tranfitory View of this Scene, fince 
+it will be very unpleafant to ftay long in fo doleful} fo 
+fad a Place,, 
+
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+
+T"tiers *45. 
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+p 
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+A 
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+R 
+
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+T 
+
+
+IV. 
+
+
+Of the Infernal Deities 
+
+
+CHAP. i. 
+
+A View of Hell. 
+
+9 
+
+% 
+
+Wonderous What a horrid and 
+difinal Spectacle is here ! 
+
+' trow ^ r ° u mu ® * ma g' ne that we 
+
+are now in the Confines of HelL 
+
+Prithee come along with me ; I will 
+be the fame Friend to you which the 
+a Sibyl *was to Mncas . Nor fliall you need a golden 
+Bough to prefent to Proferpine . You fee here painted 
+thofe Regions of Hell, of which you read a moft ele¬ 
+gant Defcription in b Virgil . The Paflage that leads 
+to thefe infernal Dominions was a wide dark Cave> 
+through which you pafs by a fteep rocky Defcent, 
+till you arrive at a gloomy Grove, and an unnavi- 
+
+gable 
+
+
+a Virgil. TEncid. 6. 
+
+’’ Spelt me a alta fiat , <vafloq ; immanis hialn % 
+
+Scraped) tat a lacu nigro vetnor unique tenebris . 
+
+R 3 $>uani 
+
+
+
+
+246 
+
+
+♦ « • 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+gable Lake called c Avernus , from whence fuch poi. 
+fonous Vapours arife 9 that no Birds can fly over it, 
+for in their Flight they fall down dead, being poifoned 
+with the Stench of it. 
+
+P. But what Mongers are thofe which 1 fee placed 
+at the very Entrance of Hell ? > 
+
+M . Virgil will tell you a what they are. They are 
+
+thofe 
+
+
+Quamfuper baud ullae ppterant impune volantes 
+endere iter pewits : talis fefe balitus atris 
+Faucibus ejfundens fupera ad convexa ferebat • 
+hide locum Graii dixerimt nomine Avenium, JEn. 6, 
+
+Deep was the Cave, and downward as it went. 
+
+From the wide Mouth, a rocky rough Defcent; 
+
+.And here th’ Accefs a gloomy Grove defends ; ' 
+
+And there the unnavigable Lake extends ; 
+
+O’er whofe unhappy Waters, void of Light, 
+
+No Bird prefumes to (leer his airy Flight: 
+
+Such deadly Stenches from the DeptlVarife, 
+
+And fleaming Sulphur which infedts the Skies, 
+
+Hence do the Grecian Bards their Legends make. 
+
+And give the Name Avernus to the Lake. 
+c Avernus dicitur quafi ao£v^, id eft, fine avibus. Qu6d 
+nullie volucres lacum ilium, ob Iptliiferum halitum, prater* 
+Volare falva: pofTeht. 
+
+a Vejiibulum ante ipfum , primifq\ in faucibus Orci 9 
+Ludlus Cf uhrices pofuere cubiJia Curd: ; 
+
+Pallentifq\ habitant Morbi, trijlifque Scne&us, 
+
+Et Met us , £5 malcfuada Fames , iS turpis Egefas , 
+
+(Perribiles vifu forma:) Lethumque y Laborque . 
+
+Pum confaiiguineus Let hi Sopor , Cf inala mentis 
+Gaudia, mart far umq\ adverfo in limine Helium, 
+
+Ferreiq ; Eumenidum thalami , & Difcordia dement 
+Viper,cum crincm <vittis \mcxa cruentis . 1 , 61 
+
+Juft in the Gate, and in the Jaws of Hell, 
+
+Revengeful Cares and fullen Sorrows dwell; 
+
+And pale Difeafes, and repining Ago, 
+
+Want, Fear, and Famine’s unrefihed Rage; 
+
+Here Toils and Death, and Death’s Half-brother, Sleep, 
+
+
+(Forms terrible-to view) their Centry keep; 
+
+
+Witk 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 247 
+
+thofe fatal Evils which bring De /1 tuft ion and Death 
+upon Mankind, by the Means of which the Number 
+of the Inhabitants of thefe dark Regions is greatly aug¬ 
+mented ; and thofe Evils are Care, Sorrow, Difeafes, 
+Old-age, Frights, Famine, Want, Labour, Sleep, 
+Death, Sting of Confcience, Fotce, Fraud, Strife, and 
+War. 
+
+
+With anxious Pleafures of a guilty Mind, 
+Deep Frauds before, and open Force behind, 
+The Furies Iron-Beds, and Strife that fhakes 
+Her hiding Treffes, and unfolds her Snakes. 
+
+
+C H A P. II. 
+
+Charon. The Rivers of Hell. Cerberus. 
+
+F.XTT HO is that nafty, old, decrepid, long bearded 
+VV Fellow? Or what is his Name? 
+
+M . He is the Ferryman of Hell\ his il Name is Cha~ . 
+ron, which Word denotes the Ungracefulnefs of his 
+Afpeft. In the Greek Language he is called no f ^v ; 9 
+[Portbmeus] that is, Portitor , Ferry-man. You fee his 
+Image painted by the Pencil, but you may read a more 
+beautiful and elegant Pidlure of him drawn by the Pen 
+of b Virgil. 
+
+P. Why docs he tarry with his Poat here ? 
+
+M , To take and carry over to the other Side of the 
+Lake fZtf Souls of the Dead , which you fee flocking on 
+
+the 
+
+
+a Charon, quad Acharon, id ell, fine gratia, ab cc. 
+non, & gratia. 
+
+l> Portitor has bprreudus aquas Jlumin a few at 
+
+7 err i hi Ji fqualorc Charon ; cut plurima me tit o 
+Canities incult a jacct ; ft ant lumina ft a mm a* 
+
+Sordid us cm burner is node defended ami tins, 
+
+R *\ Ifdd 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+the Shores in Troops : Yet he takes not all promifcu- 
+oufly who come, butfuch only whofe Bodies are buried 
+■when they die; for the * Unburtcd wander about the 
+Shores an hundred Years, and then are carried over: 
+But fir ft they pay Charon his Fare, b which is at leaft a 
+Halfpenny. 
+
+P . Thofe three or four Rivers (if my Eyes do not 
+deceive me) mud be paffed over by the Dead> mud 
+they not ? 
+
+Ad. Yes ; the firji of them is Acbenon , c which re^ 
+ceives them when they come firft. This Acheron was 
+the Son of Terra or Ceres , born in a Cave, and con¬ 
+ceived without a Father; and, becaufe he could not 
+endure Light, d he ran down into Hell, and was changed 
+into a River, whofe Waters are extreme bitter. 
+
+The fecond is Sty sc ^ which is a Lake rather than a 
+River, c and was formerly the Daughter of Oceania , 
+and the Mother of the Goddefs Victoria by Acheron , 
+When Victoria was on Jupiter* s Side in his War againft 
+the Giants, fhe obtained this Prerogative for her M other. 
+
+
+* Ipfe ratem conto fubtgit , <vchfq\ mmiferat , 
+
+Et ferrugined Jutrvecfctt corpora cymbd , 
+
+Jam femor ; fed cm da Deo t viridifq\ fcue tins. JEn. 6 % 
+
+There baron (lands who rules the dreary Coafls; 
+
+A fordid God ; down from Ins hoary Chin 
+A Length of Beard defeends, uncomb'd, unclean: 
+
+His Eyes like hollow Furnaces on Fire; 
+
+A Girdle foul with Greafe binds his obfccne Attire. 
+He (preads his Canvas, with his Pole he fleers. 
+
+The Freights of Hitting Ghofls in his thin Bottom bears, 
+He look’d in Years, yet in his Years were fecn 
+A youthful Vigour and autumnal Green. 
+n Cent mn err at a linos, njolitant hece lift ora c ire urn ; 
+
+Turn demum admijfi jlngna exoptata revifunt . 
+
+A hundred Years they wander on the Shore, 
+
+At length, their Penance done, arc wafted o’er, 
+h Lucian, de Lm L l. c Plato in Pined one, l] Pan fin, 
+
+in Attjcis, He find, in Theogon. 
+
+5 that 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 249 
+
+that no Oath that was fworn among the Gocls by her 
+Name fhould be ever violated : For if any of the Gods- 
+broke an Oath fworn by Styx, they were banifiled from 
+the Neflar and the Table of the Gods a a Year and 
+nine Days.' This is the Stygian Lake, by which b 
+when the Gods fwore, they obferved their Oath with 
+the utmoft Scrupuioufnefs. 
+
+The third River, Cocytus , flows out of Styx with a 
+lamentable groaning Noife, and imitates the Howling, 
+and increafes the Exclamations of th e Damned. 
+
+Next comes c Pblegethon or Puriphlegcthon , fo called 
+becaufe it fwells with Waves of Fire, and all its Streams 
+are Flames. 
+
+When the Souls of the Dead have palled over thefe 
+four Rivers, they were afterwards carried to the Palace 
+of Pluto , where the Gate is guarded by a, Dog with 
+three Heads , whofe Body is covered in a terrible Man¬ 
+ner with Snakes in Read of Hair. This Dog is the Por¬ 
+ter of Hell , d begotten of Echidna, by the Giant Typhon y 
+and is defcribed by c Virgil and by f Horace . But from 
+him let us pafs to the Prince and Princefs of Hell, 
+Pluto and Proferpine. 
+
+
+. n Scrv. in AGnciu. 6. 
+
+h DU cnjzts jar arc t intent & fullere tinmen* 
+
+The facred Stream which Heaven’s Imperial State 
+Attefts in Oaths, and fears to violate. 
+c A (p?Jycj ardeo, quod undis intumcat ignis ilammeofq; 
+flu&us evolvat. d Hcfiod. in Theogon. 
+c Cerberus hcec ingens lat rain regna trifauci 
+P of or at ad'vcrfo recu bans imnumis in antro. 
+
+Stretch’d in his Kennel, monilrous Cerb'rus round 
+From triple Jaws made all thefe Realms refound. 
+f Ceff/t iniman is tibi blandiuiti 
+
+Janitor an he 
+
+Cerberus ; quamvis fnriale centum 
+Muni ant ungues caput tjus ; atque 
+Spirit us icier, fanicfquc manat 
+
+Ore trUingui . 
+
+
+L. 3. Odar. r 1, 
+
+lIclP:) 
+
+
+£ 5° O/" the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+feEclI’s grifly Porter let you pafs. 
+
+And frown’d and liften’d to your Lays, 
+
+The Snakes around his Head grew tame; 
+
+His Jaws no longer glow’d with Flame; 
+
+Nor triple Tongue was llain’d with Blood ; 
+No more his Breath with Venom Bow’d. 
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+Pluto. 
+
+i T~ s H I S is Pluto , the King of Hell , a begotten of 
+JL Saturn and Ops^ and the Brother of Jupiter 
+and Neptune. He has thefe infernal Dominions allotted 
+to him, not only becaufe, in that Divifion of his Fa¬ 
+ther’s Kingdom mentioned before, the weftern Parts 
+fell to his Lot; but alfo, as fome fay, b becaufe the In¬ 
+vention of burying, and of honouring the Dead with 
+Funeral Obfequies y proceeded from him : For the fame 
+Reafon he is thought to exercife a Sovereignty over the 
+Dead - Look upon him, he fits on a Throne covered 
+■with Darknefs, and difcover, if you can, his Habit, and 
+the Enfign of his Majefty more narrowly. 
+
+P. I fee him, though in the Mid ft of fo much Dark¬ 
+nefs, and can diftinguifh him eafily ; c he holds a Key 
+in his Hand, inftead of a Sceptre, and is d crowned with 
+Ebony. 
+
+• M. Sometimes I have alfo feen him crowned with a 
+
+* 
+
+Diadem ; and c fometimes with the Flowers of Nar - 
+aJfus (or white Daffodils ) and fometimes with Cyprefs 
+Leaves; becaufe thofc Plants greatly pleafe him, and 
+cfpecially the Narciffus , becaufe he ftolc away Prefer- 
+
+
+
+a Diodor. Sicul. 4 
+F.uripid. in Phcun. 
+
+* Lil. Gy raid. 
+
+
+Bibl. b Idem apnd Lilium Gy raid. 
+c Paufan. in pr. Iliac. d Marian. 
+
+
+pine 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 251 
+
+pine when flie gathered that Flower, as I fhall fhew pre- 
+fently. Very often a a Rod is put into his Hand in the 
+place of a Sceptre, with which he guides the Dead to 
+Hell: 5 And fometimes he wears arHead-piece, which 
+makes him c invifible. His Chariot and Horfes are of 
+a black Colour, and, d when he carried away Profer- 
+pine y he rode in it. But if you would know what thofe 
+Keys fignify, which he has in his Hands, the Anfweris 
+- plain, That, when once the Dead are received into his 
+Kingdom, the Gates are locked againft them, and c there 
+is no Regrefs thence into this Life again. 
+
+P. Why is he called Pluio P 
+
+M. Fll tel! you that, and alfo the Meaning of the 
+
+reft of his Names. 
+
+♦ 
+
+His Greek Name f Pluto or Plouton , as well as his 
+
+D/r, fignifies Wealth. TheReafon why 
+he is fo called, is, becaufe all our Wealth comes from 
+the lowed and moft inward Bowels of the Earth ; and 
+becaufe, as Tully writes, 5 all the natural Powers and 
+Faculties of the Earth are under his Diredlion ; for ajl 
+Things go to the Earth, and proceed from thence. 
+
+The Name [ Hades\ by which he is called 
+
+among the Greeks , h fignifies dark y gloomy , and melan - 
+choly 5 or elfe, 1 as others guefs, invifible; becaufe 
+
+
+a Varr. apud eund. b Pind. in Od. c Flomer. 5. Iliad. 
+ri Hygen. Aftron. Poet. c Ovid. 5. Metam. 
+
+f -- Facilis dejeenfus Aver n't: 
+
+Scd rev oca re grad urn, J'upcrcfq; evade re ad auras, 
+
+Hoc opus , hie labor ejl -* Virg. ./E lie id. 
+
+To th* Shades you go a downhill eafy Way; 
+
+But to return, and re-enjoy the Day, 
+
+That is a Work, a Labour- 
+
+c n;\yr^ divide. h Tcrrcna vis omnis ac natura ipfi. 
+dedicata c rede bat ur, TuJ. 2. de Nat. Deor. '"a&k • 
+
+id eft, trifle, tench rofum. Aut quafi alopael^, quod vidcri 
+mini me poflit, autab cc privante, Sc eiJ'JV, videre. Socr. ap. 
+
+PIut. Phurnut. Gaza ap. Lil. Gyr. 
+
+
+he 
+
+
+252 Of the Gods of the Heat hefts. 
+
+he fits in Darknefs and Obfcuiity; his Habitation is 
+melancholy- and lonefome, and he feldom appears to 
+open View. 
+
+He is likewife called a Agcfilaus , becaufe be leads 
+People to the infernal Regions ; and fometimes b Age* 
+lajiusy becaufe that it was never known that Pluto 
+laughed. 
+
+His Name Februus comes from the old Word Fe- 
+
+* 
+
+JbriiOy to purge by Sacrifice , becaufe Purgations and Lu - 
+Jlrations were ufed at Funerals; whence the Month of 
+c February receives alfo its Appellation \ at which Time, 
+efpecially the Sacrifices, called Februa , were offered by 
+the Romans to this God. 
+
+He is called Orcus and Ouragusy as fome fay, (I be¬ 
+caufe he excites and haftens People to their Ruin and 
+Death : but others think that he is fo named, c be¬ 
+caufe, like one that brings up the Rear of an Army, 
+he attends at the laft Moments of Men’s Lives. 
+
+We find him fometimes called f Quictusy becaufe by 
+Death he brings Reft to all Men. 
+
+He is called Summanusy that is, the Chief ? of all the 
+infernal Deities j the principal Governor of all the 
+Ghofts and departed Spirits. The Thunder, that hap¬ 
+pens in the Night, is attributed to him : Whence he is 
+commonly ftiled alfo the Infernal \'Jupiter , the Stygian 
+Jupiter , the Third Jupiter 5 as Neptune is the Second 
+Jupiter. 
+
+P. What is the Office and Power of Pluto . 
+
+
+% 
+
+3 n to aynv Aauo a duccndis populis ad inferos, 
+* Ah «. privat. Sc ytAcla rideo, quod fine rifu fit. c Ovid. 
+Faftor. 1 . 2. cl Orcus quafi Urgus Sc Ouragus ab urgendo, 
+quod homines urgent in interitum, Cicero in Venom, 6 . 
+
+'Oupccyot; cum fignificat qui agmen claudit; fimiii moclo 
+Pluto pro ft remum human a) vitx aflum cxcipit, Gu hr. 1 .i. 
+c. 4. dc Jur. Man. 2. f Quod morte quioleni cuutlis ado- 
+rat, Pcftus. R Quafi fu minus Deo rum manium, Aug. de 
+Civit. Da, i. 4. 
+
+At. If 
+
+
+
+■ w \ 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 253 
+
+M. If you do not fully underftand that, from what 
+has been faid already, the Fates will tell you, that he 
+a prefides over Life and Death : That he not only go¬ 
+verns the departed Spirits below, but alfo can lengthen 
+
+or fhorten the Lives of Men here on the Earth, as he 
+thinks fit. 
+
+
+a - O inaxtme noHis 
+
+Arbiter , umbrarumq\ pote7ts , cut nqftra labor ant 
+Stamina , qui finem cunfits &femina prtubes, 
+
+Nafcendiq ; vices alt cm a morte rependis, 
+
+Qui •vit'am lethutnq\ regis. »—Claud, de Raptu Proferp, 
+Great Prince o’ th’ gloomy Regions of the Dead, 
+
+. From whom we hourly move our Wheel and Thread. 
+Of Nature’s Growth and End thou haft the Sway, 
+
+All Mortals Birth with Death thou doll repay. 
+
+Who doft command ’em both.—— 
+
+CHAP. IV- 
+
+- * 
+
+Plutus, 
+
+T HOUGH Plutus be not all infernal God, yet, 
+as his Name and Office were very like and agree¬ 
+able to Pluto, I will take this Occafion to fay fomething 
+of him ; for they are (both of them) Gods of Riches, 
+which are the Root of all Evil, and which Nature, our 
+common Parent, hath placed near Hell ; and indeed, 
+there is not a nearer Way to Hell, than to hunt greedily 
+after Riches. 
+
+This Plutus was the Son of b fafon , or JaJius , by 
+Ceres: Pic was blind and lame, injudicious, and mighty 
+timorous. And truly thefe Infirmities are juftly aferi- 
+bedto him : For, if he was not blind and injudicious. 
+
+
+—a A ^ 4 • 1 . • --- _ ~ _ _ - ^^ 1 ^ • • ■ 1 ^ . ■ * 
+
+
+* • i 
+
+b He hod, in Thcogon. 
+
+he 
+
+
+2 54 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+he would never pafs over good Men, and heap hig 
+Treafures upon the bad. He is lame; becaufe great 
+Eftates come flowly. He is fearful and timorous; be¬ 
+caufe rich Men watch their Treafures with a great 
+deal of Fear and Care, 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+SECT. I. Proserpine. 
+
+M. H E, who fits next to Pluto , is the tj^ueen of 
+
+Helly a the Infernal Jtmo 7 5 the Lady (as the 
+Greeks commonly call her) and the.moft beloved Wife 
+of Pluto , c the Daughter of Ceres and Jupiter . She is 
+called both Proferpinc and Libera. Jupiter , her Father, 
+begat her, when he was difguifed in the Shape of a 
+Bull ; and after file was born and grown up, 11 he de¬ 
+bauched her himfelf, in the Shape of a Dragon: 6 
+whence it came to pafs, that, in the Myjleries of the 
+Sabazia? a Golden Snake , folded in a Circle, was pro¬ 
+duced ; which, when any were initiated, was ufually 
+put into their Bofoms, and received again, when it Hid 
+down from them below. 
+
+4 
+
+P . But by what Fate became Proferpine the Wife of 
+this black God ? 
+
+M. In this Manner: When all the Goddefles rc- 
+fufed to marry Pluto , becaufe he was fo deformed, he 
+was vexed at this Contempt and Scorn, and troubled, 
+that he was forced to live a Tingle Life always ; where¬ 
+fore in a Rage he feated himfelf in a Chariot, and arofe 
+on a fudden: From a Den in Sicily^ f he faw a Compa¬ 
+ny of very beautiful Virgins gathering Flowers in the 
+
+\ 
+
+a Virg. ./Eneid. 6. h Acuttoivu, id ell, Demina, Pauf in 
+A read. c Hcfiod. in Theogon. a Ainob. 1 . c Eufc- 
+biu$ Prcep. Evang, f Cic, in Venera, 
+
+Fields 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . % 5 S 
+
+Fields of Enna (a beautiful Place, fituatcd about the 
+Middle of the Ifland, and therefore called the Navel 
+of Sicily.) One of them, Proferpine , pleafed him above 
+the refl, for (he furpafled them all in Beauty, He came 
+raging with Love, and carried her with him from that 
+Place, and on a fudden he funk into the Earth near 
+! Syracufe, In the Place where he defcended, a Lake 
+arofe: And a Cicero fays, the People of Syracufe keep 
+| yearly Feftivals, to which great Multitudes of both 
+Sexes flock, 
+
+P. O! poor Lady! I am troubled at her Misfortune* 
+her Unhappinefs moves my Compaflion. But what fol¬ 
+lowed ? 
+
+M\ The Nymphs, her Companions, were grievouf-, 
+ly affrighted, and fled away to any Place where they 
+could expert Safety. In the mean Time Ceres , the 
+
+[ Mother of Proferpine , comes, who, by Chance, was 
+abfent when her Daughter was flolen ; fbe feeks her 
+Daughter among her Acquaintance a long Time, but 
+in vain. Therefore, in the next Place, /lie kindles 
+Torches by the Flames, which burft foith from the 
+Top of the Mountain JEtna 9 and goes with them to 
+feek her Daughter throughout the whole World: 
+Neither did file give over her vain Labour, till the 
+Nymph A Irethufa fully allured her that Proferpine was 
+flolen by Pluto , and carried down into his Kingdom, 
+And then in great Anger fhe haftened and expoiuilated 
+with b Jupiter , concerning the Violence that was offer¬ 
+ed to her Daughter. In fhort, Jupiter promifed to re- 
+ftore Proferpine again, if fhe had not yet t a fled any 
+Thing in Hell. Ceres went joyfully down, and Prefer - 
+pine, full of Triumph and Glaclnefs, prepared to return 
+into this World ; when one AJcalaphus difeovered that 
+liefaw Proferpine , while flic walked in Pluto ’s Orchard, 
+pluck a Pomegranate, and eatfonae Grains of it; where¬ 
+upon' Proferpine’ s Journey was immediately flopped. 
+
+b Scrvius in i, Georgia. 
+
+Ceres , 
+
+
+a 6 in Vcrrcin. 
+
+
+£$6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+Ceres , her Mother, amazed at this new Mifchance* 
+and incenfed at the fatal Difcovery of Afcdaphus r turn¬ 
+ed him into an Owly a Bird of an ill Omenf and un¬ 
+lucky to all that fee itbut at laft, by the :Imporcu- 
+jiity -of her Prayers to Jupiter , {he extorted this Fa¬ 
+vour from hirn, that‘he fhould give Leave a :that Pro . 
+forpine might live half the Y:ear at leaft with her in 
+the Heavens , and’the other half :below in Hell with’ 
+her-Hufband . . ' Proferpine afterwards loved this dif- 
+agreeable Hufband fo much, thatfhe was jealous, and 
+changed Mentha , who was his Miftrefs, into Mint, an 
+Herb of her own Name. 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+a Et Dea regnorum Numen Co?nmunc duorum , 
+
+Cum matre cji tot idem, totidem am conjuge vienfes . 
+
+Ovid. Metam. 5 
+
+The Goddefs now in either Empire fways ; 
+
+Six Months with Cei-es, fix with Pluto Hays. 
+
+
+
+
+»•# 
+
+
+SECT. II. An Explanation of the Fable,' 
+
+♦ 4 % * • t I 
+
+jp.^fcT'OU have told a very pretty Story $ pray what 
+JL is the Signification of it ? _ /. 
+
+M. The Signification of it is this; b Ceres is the 
+Earthy and her Daughter Projorpine the Fertility of the, 
+Earth, or rather the c Seed by which it is fertile, 
+
+which Seed lies buried in the Ground in the Winter, but 
+
+« • » 0 ^ _ ^ 
+
+in the Summer breaks forth and becomes Fruit. Thus' 
+Proferpine (the Emblem of the SeeJlJ lies half th? 
+Year in Hell, and.the other half in Heaven. Others' 
+explain this Fable fo, as by it to fignify the Moon , 
+which is hid.from us, in the. Hcmifphcre of.the Count 
+tries beneath us, as long as it ihincs to us in our own. 
+
+Some believe that Hecate is the fame with Prefer - 
+pine ; and if you are willing to follow their Opinion, 
+
+
+
+
+T 
+
+
+h Vaiv ripucl Align (l in urn dc Civit. Dei 7. 
+1. dc Pra'jp. Evaug, 
+
+
+Eufcb. 
+
+you 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+*57 
+
+
+you mull call to mind what I have faid before, when I 
+Jdifcourfed of Diana, 
+
+\ Let us now turn bur Eyes toward the Tribunal of 
+i Pluto, where you fee, in that difmal Figure, conti¬ 
+nual Trials* and all Pcrfons* as well the Accufers as 
+^he Offenders, that have been formerly wicked in their 
+jjLives, receive their Deaths impartially from the three 
+fates; after Death they receive their Condemnation 
+impartially from the three Judges', and, after Con¬ 
+demnation, their Punishment impartially from the 
+|hree tormenting Furies . 
+
+
+\ 
+
+A 
+
+■t 
+
+.4 
+
+s 
+
+ft 
+
+
+k 
+
+
+CHAP Vi. 
+
+"The Fates. 
+
+
+
+HERE are thofe FatesP Shew me. Sir. 
+
+M . Thofe three old Ladies are the Fates : 
+heir a Garments are made of Ermin, white as Snow, 
+rid bordered with Purple. They were born either of 
+Afrxand Erebus , or of c Neceffity, or of the. rf Sea, or of 
+hat rude and indigejled Mafs , which the Ancients cal- 
+ed Chaos. They are called Parers in Latin', becaufe, 
+s c Farro thinks, they diftributed good and bad Tilings 
+o Perfons at their Birth: Or as the common and re¬ 
+vived Opinion is ; f becaufe they /pare no-body. They 
+re likewife called Fatitm , Fate ; and are ‘Three in 
+timber; s bdca'ufe they order the pa ft, prefent, and 
+
+
+4 Catullus in Epith. Tliet. b Hefiod. in Theogon 
+
+Plato, 1 . io de Republ. <l Li^ophron. c Parcse di- 
+
+
+par 
+
+n Prarp, Evnng. 1. 6. 
+
+
+future 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+258 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+future Time, jFate, fays a Tally , is all that which God 
+hath decreed and refolved /hall come to pafs , and which the 
+Grecians call [Eimarmene. j Zf /j, (fays b 
+
+feppus) a perpetual , certain , unavoidable Series and 
+
+Cham of 'Things , wrapping and infolding up itfelf hi on 
+Order of Confequences , which compofe the fever al Links , W 
+follow one another to all Eternity . c Pattern is derived 
+from the Word jRm, to pronounce, or declare 5 becaufe 
+when any one is born, thefe three Sifters pronounce 
+what Fate will befall him > as we fee in the Story of 
+Meleager . 
+
+P. What are their Names and Offices ? 
+
+M. T>e Name of one is J Clotho ; the fecond is cal¬ 
+led c La chefs ; the third f Atropos ; becaufe fhe is un¬ 
+alterable, unchangeable. Thefe Names the Grecians 
+give them : s The Romans call them Nona , Dccima , 
+and Morta . 
+
+To them is intruded the Management of the fatal 
+Thread of Life: For Clotho draws the Thread betwixt 
+her Fingers ; Lachefts turns about the Wheel; and A- 
+tropos cuts the Thread fpun, with a Pair of Sciflars, 
+That is, Clotho gives us Life, and brings us into the 
+World > Lachefts determines the Fortunes that fhall 
+befall us here ; and Atropos concludes our Lives; h One 
+j'peaks , the other writes , and the third j'pins . 
+
+% 
+
+* * 
+
+
+a Eft autem Fatum id omne quod a Deo conftitutum & 
+defignatum eft ut eveniat, quod Grseci appellant, 
+
+Tullius de Fato Sc 1 Divinat. Eimarmene Tempi tern a 
+quaidiun eft Sc indeclinabilis rcrum feries & catena, fefevol- 
+vens Sc iniplicans per a^temosconfequcntueordincse quibiw 
+conncxa eft. Boet. in Top. c Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. d A 
+verbo id eft, neo. c fortior. f Aba 
+
+privativa particular 8 c verto, quod verti Sc fle&i nc- 
+
+qneat. e Cefen. Vind. np. Lil. Gyr. ! * Una loqui¬ 
+tur, altera feribit, tertia fila ducit. Scrv. in Z^neid. 
+
+
+CHAP 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 259 
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+M 
+
+The Fur x e s. 
+
+P. A ND what are thofe Monfters called, that have 
+
+the Faces of Women? Xheir Looks are full of 
+Terror 5 they hold lighted Torches in their Hands; 
+Snakes and Serpents Jafh their Necks and Shoulders. 
+
+M . They arc the Furies , called in Latin fometimes 
+Furies*, a becaufe they make Men mad, by the Stings 
+of Confcience which Guilt produces. They are alf'o 
+called b Dirts, c Eumenides, and (1 Caues ; and were the* 
+Offspring of c Nox and f Acheron ; but their proper 
+Names are Aletlo, Tijiphone , and Megcsra ; 2 and they 
+are efteemed Virgins; becaufe, fmee they are the A- 
+vengers of all Wickednefs, nothing can corrupt and 
+pervert them from inflicting the Punifhmenc that is 
+due to the Offender. 
+
+P. Why are there only three Furies ? 
+
+M. Becaufe there are three 11 principal Pa/Iions of the 
+Mind, Anger , Covetoufnefs , and Ltift, by which Man¬ 
+kind is chiefly hurried into all Sorts of Wickedoefs ; 
+For Anger begets Revenge, Covetoufnefs provokes us to 
+get immoderate Wealth by Right or "wrong, and Lujl 
+perfuades us to purfueour Pleafures at any Rate, In¬ 
+deed fome add a 1 fourth Fury , called LiJJh, that is. Rage 
+and Machiefs ; but {he is eafiJy reduced to the other 
+three : As alfo Erinnys , a Name common to them all. 
+
+P . What is the Office of the Furies? 
+
+M\ They are appointed to obferve and punifh the 
+Crimes of ill Men, and to torment the Confcicnces of 
+
+
+11 Quod fceleratos in furorem agant. b Virg. yEneid. 
+3. c Ibid. 8. ,l Ibid. 4. c Ibid. 6, f Ibid. 11. S Sui- 
+das & Orpli. in Hymn. u Ifidor. ap. Gyr. 1 Eurip. in 
+Ucrcule furente. 
+
+S % fecret 
+
+
+260 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+fecrct Offenders > whence they are commonly alfo enti¬ 
+tled* a theGoddeffes , the Difcoverers and Revenger's of evil 
+Adiions. They punifh and torment the Wicked, by 
+frightening and following them with burning Torches, 
+You fee the Pi&ure of them there* and you will find 
+them beautifully b deferibed in the Twelfth Book of 
+Firgil 7 s iEneids. 
+
+P. What did the Poets intend by thefe Furies? 
+
+M. Only* fays Cicero , that they* who have done any 
+wicked and unlawful Thing* are tormented and affrigh¬ 
+ted* not with the Blows and the burning Torches of the 
+Furies , as it is in the Fable, but with the Stings of their 
+own evil Confciences : For * c fays he* every one 7 s own 
+Fraud , and bis own Terror * bring him the greatefl Pm- 
+tion : Every one 7 s own IVickednefs torments and enrogu 
+him y his own Evil Thoughts and the Lajhes of his Corfu 
+encc affright him : Thefe are confiant and DomefUck Furiti 
+to the TVickedy that Night and Day ex a 51 the Piinijhmtl 
+of them that their Crimes deferve . • 
+
+
+a Dere fpeculatrices Sc vindiccs Facinorum. 
+h Dicuntur gcjnime peflesy cognominc Dir<e, 
+
+Quas iff Tar tar earn Nox intcmpejla Megan-am 
+Uno codemq ; tulit parlu, paribufq\ rc-uhixit 
+Serpentutn Jjpiris , njcntofafque addidit alas. 
+
+Deep in the difmal Regions void of Light, 
+
+Two Daughters at a Birth were born to Night: 
+Thefe their brown Mother, brooding on the Oarc, 1 
+Endu’d with windy Wings to fleet in Air, [Hair,? 
+With Serpents girt alike, and crown’d with hilling) 
+Jn Ilcav'n the Diva call’d, 
+
+c Sua enim quemquc fraus & fuus terror maxime vexa(; 
+fnum queniq; fcelus exagitat, amentiaque aflicit: futum&Ix 
+cogitationcs confcientkeqitc animi terrent. Hu funt imp®] 
+nfliduaj domeilicrc Furitc, qua: diesnoflcfq; pumas afccka 
+bur, repetunt. Or. pro Rofcio Am. 
+
+
+C II A f 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 261 
+
+« 
+
+CHAP. VI IT. 
+
+# 
+
+Night, Death, Sleep. 
+
+. r 
+
+w 
+
+P,^ 7 "OU mentioned juft now Nox and Erebus: Arc 
+
+j[ they (I pray you) of the Number of the Gods ? 
+
+M- Yes ; A 7 ** is, of all the Gods, the rnoft ancient; 
+She was the Sifter of Erebus , and the Daughter of the 
+fatt Chaos; and of thefe two, Nox and Erebus , Death 
+[Mors] was born. She is drafted ufually with afpeck- 
+led Garment and black Wings*: But there are no 
+Temples nor Sacrifices, nor Priefts confecrated to 
+Mors; becaufe fhe is a Goddefs whom no :l Prayeis 
+can move, or Sacrifices pacify. 
+
+Somnus [Sleep] l> is the Brother of Death , and c he al- 
+fo hath Wings, like her. 7 r/V, who was lent by Juno 
+to the Palace of this God, mentions rhe great Benefits 
+that he beftows on Mankind; fuch as d £>uiet of Aliud, 
+Tranquillity , Freedom from Care y and Rcjrejbmtnt of the 
+Spirits , whereby Men are enabled to proceed in their 
+Labours. In this Palace there are c two Gates, out 
+
+of 
+
+
+a Horat. z . Sermonum. b Orpheus in Hymn. c Homer. 
+Iliad. | Virg. TEneid. 5. 
+d So nine quics rerum, flactdijpme Somne Deornm, 
+
+Paxanimi > quern curafugit, qui corpora duris 
+Pcjfa minifterits vinlccs reparajq; labori. Ovid. Met. i r. 
+
+Thou Reft ofth’ World, Sleep , the moll peaceful God, 
+Who driv’ft Care from the Mind, and’doit unload 
+The tired Limbs of all their Wearinefs, 
+
+And for rievv Toil the Body doit refreih. 
+c Sunt geminSomni porta', qtiarnm altera fertur' • 
+
+Cornea, qua njcrrs facilis datur exit us umbris : 
+
+Jilt era caudmti perfe.Sta nitons elephant 0 : 
+
+Srdfalfa ad ccvlum mitiunt inf omnia Manes . JR n. 6 . 
+
+S 3 Two 
+
+
+26 z 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+of which Dreams pafs and rcpafs: One of thefe Gates 
+was made of dear Ivory, through which falfe Dreams 
+pafs; and the other of them was made of tranfparent 
+Horn, and through that Gate true Vifions come to 
+Men. a Morpheus , the Servant of Somnus , who can put 
+on any Shape or Figure, prefents thefe Dreams to thofe 
+who deep; and thefe Dreams were brought from a 
+great fpreading Elm in Hell* under who^e Shadow 
+they ufually fit. 
+
+
+Two Gates the iilent Houfe of Sleep adorn ; 
+
+Of polifh’d Iv’ry this, that of tranfparent Horn 
+True Vifions thro* tranfparent Horn arife, 
+
+Thro ? pcli fil’d Iv ? ry pafs deluding Lyes. 
+a Ovid. 11. Metam. Virg. 6. yEneid, 
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+*3fhe Judges of Hell , Minos, /Eacus, Rhada- 
+
+MANTHUS. 
+
+N EAR the three Furies and the three Fates a you 
+
+fee the three Judges of Hell , Minos , RbatUmm - 
+thtiSy and JEacus , who are believed to be Judges of the 
+Souls of the Dead j becaufe they exercifcd the Offices 
+of Judges in Crete , with the greatefl: Prudence, Dif- 
+cretion, and Jufticc. The two firft were the Sons of 
+Jupiter by Europa ; the laft was the Son of Jupiter by 
+'Mgitu 7; and when all the Subjedls of Queen Mgim 
+were fwept away in a Plague, befides himfelf, lie 
+begged of his Father, that he would repair the Race 
+of Mankind, which was almoft extindl ; and Jupiter 
+heard his Prayer, and turned b a great Multitude of 
+Ants^ which crept about a hollow old Oak, into Men, 
+
+
+it 
+
+
+Homer. 2. Odyff, h Ovid. 7. Metam. Plato in Georg. 
+
+who 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Ueaihe?is. 
+
+/• 
+
+V 
+
+
+
+\ who afterwards were called Myrmidones from (/.v 
+[Murtnex] which Word fignifies an Ant. 
+
+Thefe three had their particular Province afligned by 
+Pluto in this Manner : Rhadatnanthus was appointed to 
+: judge the AJiaticks , and JEacus the j Europeans^ each hold- 
+. ing a Staffin his Hand, but Minos holds a golden Scep¬ 
+tre and fits alone, and over fees the Judgments of Rha- 
+damanthus and JEacus; and if in their Courts there arofe 
+a Cafe that was ambiguous and difficult, then Minos 
+ufed to take the Cognizance thereof, and decide it* 
+:i Putty adds to fchefe a fourth Judge, Triptolemus ; but 
+. we have already difeourfed of him in his proper Place. 
+
+
+a Tufc. Quasft. lib. i. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+SECT I. The mojl famous of the Condemned 
+
+in Hell . 
+
+a 9 
+
+F ROM the Judges let us proceed to the Criminals , 
+whom you fee reprefented there in horrid Colours: 
+lit will be enough if we take Notice of the moft cele¬ 
+brated of them, and fhew their Crimes, and the Punifli- 
+jments which were therefore inflicted on them. 
+
+
+SECT. IT. The Giants. 
+
+T HESE Giants a were the Sons of Terra (the Earth) 
+when he was impregnated by the Blood of Ca?- 
+to, which flowed from that difhonourable Wound 
+which his Son Saturn gave him. They are all very 
+high in Stature, with horrible Dragons Feet; their 
+Looks and their Bodies are altogether full of Terror, 
+
+
+
+* Jlcfiod. in Thcogon, 
+
+S 4 
+
+
+Their 
+
+
+
+264 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+* 
+
+Their Impudence z was fo great, * that they ftrove to 
+depofe Jupiter from the PoflefHon of Heaven : And 
+•when they, engaged with the celeJUal GW*, they b heap, 
+ed up Mountains upon Mountains, nnd from thence 
+darted Trees fet on Fire againft the Gods of Heaven, 
+c They hulled* alfo prodigious imafly Stones and lbjid 
+Rocks, fome. of which fall in g : upon the Earth again, 
+became Mountains ;■ others fell into the Sea^ and be- 
+camelflands. This J Battle was fought upon the Phiz* 
+grean Plains, near the Borders of Campania , c which 
+Country is called Phlegra , from (ptiyu- £ Phlego'] uro , foj 
+it abounds in fubterraneous Fires, and hot Baths flow, 
+ing continually. The Giants were beaten and all cat 
+off, either by Jupiter’s Thunder, Apollo’s Arrows, or 
+by the Arms of the reft of the Gods.^ And fome fay, 
+that out of the Blood of the Slain, which was fpilled 
+upon the Earth, Serpents and fuch invenomed and 
+pernicious Animals were produced. The moft emi¬ 
+nent of thofe Giants were 
+
+Typhosus ^ or. Typkony the Son of Jtino^ conceived by 
+her without a Father. So vail was his Magnitude, 
+that he touched the Eaft with one Hand, and the Welt 
+with the other, and the Heavens with the Crown of his 
+Head. A hundred Dragon’s Heads grew from his Shoul- 
+d.ers; his Body was covered with Feathers, Scales, rug¬ 
+ged Hair, and Adders 5 from the Ends-of his Fingers 
+Snakes iflued, and his tvvo' Feet had the Shape and Folds 
+of a Serpent’s Body. His Eyes, fparkled with Fire, and his 
+-Mouth belched'biit Flames: yet he was at la ft overcome 
+and thrown down; left he fhould/rifeagain, th$ 
+
+whole If]and of $ ici.ly.yv a? laid upon him,* This Ifland 
+
+* v. was 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+* Honicr.'OdyiT V 2. ^Ovid. Atfetahi. i. c Duns Sar 
+ynius. d Nat Conical. 6. c Plomer. Hymn, in Apolliflj 
+f Nit ifur die r- uideni , pugnatquc refiurgere Jape ; 
+
+J)extra fid sfufiniio man us efi fitbjedla Ptflofo ; 
+
+Livotif Paefjync, till : Ltlybtco crura premuntur ; 
+firagraval Aitaa caput* Ovid. Metain. h 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 265 
+
+was alfo called Trinacria^ becaufe it bears the Shape of 
+a Triangle, in the Comers of which are the three Pro¬ 
+montories, Pelorui , Pachynusy and' Lilyb&m ; Pclorus 
+was placed on his Right Hand, Pachynus on his Left, 
+and lay upon his Legs. 
+
+/Egeon was another prodigious and-cruel Giant: a 
+Virgil tells us he had fifty Heads, and an hundred Hands, 
+from whence he was called Qentimgemznus , and b by the 
+Grecicinsy Briareus. He hurled an hundred Rocks a- 
+gainft Jupiter at one Throw, yet Jupiter dafhed him 
+down, and bound him in^an hundred Chains, and c 
+thru ft him under the Mountain JEtna^ where, as often 
+as he moves his Side, the Mountain cafts forth great 
+Flames of •Fire* - !l '* ' * . • ’ • 
+
+d Aioeus , becaufe of his Age, could not in this War, 
+take up Arms again# the Gods ; but be fent Otbus and 
+Ephiaites (which, tho’ his Wife had them b y Neptune* 
+yet were they called Aloidcs, from their reputed Father;) 
+they went in their Father Aloeus’s Stead, and aflifted the 
+Giants, but the fame Fate attended them, and rhey alfo 
+fuffered the Punifhment of their Rafhnefs in Hell. 
+
+
+He ftruggles oft; and oft attempts to rife. 
+
+But on his Right-hand vail: Pelorus lies : 
+
+OnVIeft Pachynus ; Lily bee us fpreads 
+
+O’er his huge Thighs, and jEtna keeps.his Heads. 
+
+a Aegean quails, centwn cui brachia dicunt , 
+
+Centenafq; mantis quinquaginta oribus ignem 
+Peftoribu/q; arjijje ; Jowls cum fulmina contra 
+Tot paribusJlreperct c/ypeis, tofjlringeret enfes* ” 
+
+And as JEgeon , when with Heaven he itrove. 
+
+Stood oppofite in Arms to mighty Jove, 
+
+Mov’d all his hundred Hands, provok’d to War, 
+Defy’d the forky Lightning from afar : 
+
+At fifty Mouths his flaming Breath expires. 
+
+And Flafli for FJalh. returns, and Fires for Fires ; 
+
+In his Right-hand as many Swords he wields. 
+
+And takes'thi Thunder on as ihany Shields. "" 
+b Homeri Jlias 1. c Callimachus in Lavacr. Deli. 
+Virgil. yEneid. 6. 
+
+3 Jity us 
+
+
+
+266 Of the Gods of the Heathens .* 
+
+Tityus was the Son of a "Jupiter and Elara> born in a 
+fubterraneous Cave, in which Jupiter hid his Mother, 
+fearing .the Anger of Juno. She brought forth a Child, 
+of fo prodigious a Bulk, that the Earth was rent that he 
+might have a PaiTage out of the Cave ; and from thence 
+he was believed to be the Son of the Earth . Juno after¬ 
+wards perfuaded this Giant to accufe Latona of Adul¬ 
+tery, whereupon Jupiter (truck him with Thunder 
+down into Hell ; b and there he lies ftretched out, and 
+covers nine Acres of Ground with his Body : A Vul¬ 
+ture continually gnaws his Liver, which grows again 
+every Month. 
+
+To thefe we might add the Titans , c the Sons of Ter¬ 
+ra and Cesium ; the Chief of whom was Tit anus , Sa¬ 
+turn’s eldeft Brother, who made War againft Jupiter , 
+becaufe Jupiter ufurped the Kingdom, which was due 
+to him by hereditary Right. In this War, Thames and 
+his Party were beaten, and afterwards caft down into 
+Hell. 
+
+
+
+b Apol. T. 
+
+b Necnon & Titytwi Terra cmniparent is alumnum 
+
+Cemere erat ; cue tot a ntyvem per jugera corpus 
+
+Pomgitur, rojlroq ; unmants nmltur adutico 
+
+hnmortale jetur tundens, feecundaquepants 
+
+Vifcera , rimaturq\ epulis, habit at q\ fub alto 
+
+PeSlore, nee fbris requics datur ulla renaiis. Virg, JEn. 6. 
+
+There Tityus tortur’d lay, \vho took his Birth 
+
+From Hcav’iv-his Nurfmgvfrom the fruitful Earth ; 
+
+Here his. gigantic Limbs, with large Embrace, 
+
+Infold nine Acres of-infernal Space : 
+
+A r^v’.JfyOUSiVulture in his open Side 
+Her crooked Beak, and cruel Talons try’d ; 
+
+Still for the growing Liver digg’d his Breaft, 
+
+The growing liver Rill fupply’d the Feafl: 
+
+Still are the Entrails fruitful to their Pains, 
+
+Th’immortal Hunger lafts, th* immortal Food remains, 
+c iElchyl. in Prornctheo. 
+
+
+SEC T. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+SECT. III. Other famous Offenders. 
+
+9 
+
+pHlegyas, King of the Lapitha: in ThcJJalia , was the 
+Father of the Nymph Coro ms \ when he heard that 
+Apollo had debauched his Daughter, he went in Anger* 
+and fired the Temple of Apollo at Delphi ; for which 
+the enraged God /hot him through the Body with an 
+Arrow, and inflidled on him the following Punifh- 
+nient: A great Stone hangs over his Head, which he 
+imagines every Moment will fall down and crufh him 
+to Pieces : Thus he fits perpetually fearing what will 
+never come to pafs; which makes him frequently call 
+out to Men a to obferve the Rules of Juflice and the 
+Precepts of Religion. 
+
+Ixion was the Son of this Phlegyas ; he killed his own 
+Sifter, and obtained his Pardon from the Gods, who ad¬ 
+vanced him to Heaven : His Profperity made him wan¬ 
+ton, fo that he attempted to violate the Chaftity of Ju¬ 
+no. This infolent Attempt was difcovered to Jupiter , 
+who fent a Cloud in the Shape of Juno, which the de¬ 
+ceived Lover embraced, and from thence thofe Monfter's 
+the Centaurs were born: Hereupon he was thrown down 
+to the Earth again ; where becaufe he boafled every¬ 
+where that he had familiarly known the Queen of the 
+Gods , he was flruck with Thunder down into Hell, and 
+tied faff to a Wheel, which turns about continually. 
+
+S aim one us was King of Elis : His Ambition was not 
+
+C 
+
+fatisficd with an earthly Crown , for he defired Divine 
+Honours ; and, that the People might efteem him a 
+God, he built a brazen Bridge over to the City, and 
+drove his Chariot over it, imitating, by this Noife, Ju¬ 
+piter's Thunder. He threw down lighted Torches, and 
+thofe who were flruck by them were taken and killed.. 
+
+
+n Dtfcii cj i/JUtin?n moniti^ & non temncrc Di<vos. Virg. TCn. 6. 
+Learn Juflice hence, and don’t defpife the Gods. 
+
+5 Jupiter 
+
+
+
+268 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+» m 
+
+Jupiter would not fufFer fo great In foie nee, therefore 
+threw the proud Man from his Stage headlong into Hell, 
+where JEneas , b when he vifited the Infernal Regions, 
+faw him punifhed, as Virgil relates. 
+
+Sifyphus was a famous Robber, killed by Thcfeus; 
+c He is condemned to Hell, to roll d a great and nnweildy 
+Stone to the Top of an high Hill, and, as oft as the 
+Stone almoft touches the Top of the Mountain, it Aides 
+down again. 
+
+The Belides were fifty Virgin-Sifters, fo called from 
+their Grandfather Belus , named alfo Danaides ; from 
+their Father Dariaus , who married them to the fifty Sons 
+of his Brother. The Oracle foretold, that Danaus fhould 
+be flain by his Soil-in-Law ; wherefore he commanded 
+his Daughters to provide Daggers, and on their Wed¬ 
+ding Night to kill their Hufbands. All the Daughters 
+performed their Promifes, and killed their Hufbands ; 
+but Hypermnejlra fpared Lynccus , her Hufband, who af¬ 
+terwards killed Danaus , and took his Kingdom. This 
+great Impiety was thus punifhed ; c they were condemn¬ 
+ed to draw Water out of a deep Well, and fill a Tub 
+that (like a Sieve) is full of Holes : The Water runs 
+out of the Tub as faft as it is put in, fo that they are 
+tormented with an unprofitable Labour without End. 
+
+Tantalus is another remarkable Criminal. He was 
+the f Son of Jupiter by the Nymph Plota . He invited 
+
+
+
+b Vidi crudcles daniem Sahnotzea pcenas , 
+
+Dam jlaitimas Jovis & fonitus imitatur Olympic iEn, 6. 
+Salmoneus fuffering cruel Pains I found 
+Fpr emulating Jove ; the rattling Sound 
+Of mimic Thunder, and the glittering Blaze 
+Of pointed Lightnings, and their forked Rays, 
+c Hefiod. Argon. d Ingens & non exfuperabile faxum. Vh'g* 
+9 'djflducts repet wit quas perdunt Belides undas, 
+
+Ovid. Met. 1 . 4. 
+
+They hourly fetch the Water that they fpill. 
+f Eufeb. Prap. Evang. 
+
+
+
+
+__ • a . p_ 
+
+all the Gods to a Feaft, to get a plain and clear Proof 
+of their Divinity : When they came, he killed and 
+quartered his own Son Pelops , and boiled him, and fet 
+the Joints before them to eat. All the Gods abftained 
+from fuch horrid Diet, except Ceres , who ate one of 
+the Child’s Shoulders. Afterwards the Gods fent Mer¬ 
+cury to recall him to Life, and gave him an Ivory Shoul¬ 
+der, inflead of the Shoulder which Ceres had eaten. * 
+This Pelops was the Hufband of Hippodamia^ of whom 
+Atreus and Thyeftes were born ; the latter whereof was 
+banifhed, becaufe he corrupted his Brother Atreus 9 s 
+Wife; and, when he.was recalled from Banifhment, 
+he ate up thofe Children that he had by her; for Atreus 
+killed them, and brought them , in Difhes to the Table, 
+where he and Thye/les dined together. It is laid, that 
+the Sun was not able to endure Jo horrible a Sight, but 
+turned his Courfe back again to the Eaft. But as 'Tan¬ 
+talus's Crime was greater, fo was his Punifhment; b for 
+he is tormented .with eternal Hunger and Thirft in the 
+Midft of Plenty both of Meat and Drink: He ftands in 
+Water up to his Lips, but cannot drink it.; and Meat 
+is placed juft to his Mouth, which he cannot take hold 
+of. c Ovid mentions the Punifhment of Tantalus , but 
+affigns another Reafon for it, namely, becaufe he divul¬ 
+ged the Secrets of the Gods to Men. But this was but 
+Part of his Punifhment, for 11 over his Head hangs a 
+weighty Stone, which he, with Horror and Dread, ex¬ 
+pects fhould fall on him, and dafh out his Brains, every 
+Moment. . . 
+
+
+a Pindar, in Olymp. b Homer. OdyfT. , 
+
+c Qua rit aquas in aquis, & pom afugacia capiat 
+Tantalus, hoc illi garrula lingua dedit . 
+
+Half drown’d he thirfls, the dangling Apples fwing 
+From’s gaping Chaps : This comes of Prattling. 
+
+Hitnc fupcr atra /ilex, jamjarn lap fur a cadent i 
+
+Jmminet a/pmilis. -* - - - Virg, .ZESn. 6. 
+
+-. a mafly Stone, 
+
+Ready to drop, hangs o’er his curfcd Head. 
+
+
+N#w 
+
+
+• 270 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+: jNow'this Fable of Tantalus reprefents the Condition 
+of a Mifer 9 who* in the Midft of Plent y > fuffersJ / Vant, 
+and wants as much the Things which he has, as thofe 
+which he has not ; as Horace rightly fays, a where he 
+applies this Fable of Tantalus to the real Wants of the 
+covetous Man. 
+
+
+a Tantalus a labris ftlictis Jiigientia captat 
+Blumhuu Quid rides ? ?/iutato nomine, de te 
+Fabula narratur. (Serm. 1. 1 .) 
+
+TJ10’ Tantalus , you 7 ve heard, does Hand Chin deep 
+In Water, yet he cannot get a Sip : 
+
+At which you fmile: Now all on’t would be true. 
+Were the Name chang’d, and the Tale told of yotu 
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+Monfters of Hell . 
+
+T HERE are many ftrange Pictures of thefe in¬ 
+fernal Monfters, but the moft deformed are the 
+Centaurs, who were the ancient Inhabitants of TbcJJalia, 
+and the firft who tamed Horfes, and ufed them in War. 
+Their Neighbours, who firft faw them on Horfe-back, 
+thought, that they had partly the Members of a Man, 
+and partly the Limbs of an Horfe. But the Poets tell 
+ns another Story ; for they fay that Ixion begat them 
+of a Cloud, which he believed to be Juno, from 
+'whence they are called Nubigctnr , in Virgil , JEn. 6. 
+and Bacchus is faid to have overcome them. 
+
+♦ 
+
+Geryotiy becaufe he was King of the three Iflamls 
+which are called Balearicles , b is feigned to have three 
+Bodies: Or, it may be, bccaufe there were three Bro- 
+
+h Tricorporem Sc tergeminum fuiffe. 
+
+tlicrs 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+tilers of the fame Name, whofe Minds and Affe< 5 Hons 
+were fo united, that they Teemed to be governed and to 
+live by one Soul. They add, that Geryon kept Oxen, 
+which devoured the Strangers that came to him : They 
+were guarded by a Dog with two Heads, and a Dra¬ 
+gon with feven. Hercules killed the Guards, and drove 
+the Oxen afterwards away. 
+
+The Harpyes are fo called a from their Rapacity: 
+They were born of Oceanus and Terra , with the Faces of 
+Virgins, and the Bodies of Birds ; their Hands were 
+armed with Claws, and their Habitation. was in the 
+Iflands. Their Names were Aello , Ocypete , and Celenoi 
+which laft brought forth Zepbyrus (the WeJ} Wind) and 
+Balins , and Xrmthus, the Horfes of Achilles. Virgil gives 
+us an b elegant Defcription of thefe three Sifters. 
+
+To the three Harpyes add the three Gorgous , Me - 
+dufa, Siheno , and Euryalus , who were the Daughters of 
+Pborcus and Cete. Inftcad of Hair, their Heads were 
+covered with Vipers , which fo terrified the Beholder, 
+that they turned him prefently into a Stone. Perhaps 
+they intended to reprefent, by this Part of the Fable, the 
+
+.. * * . » > / . , 1 '■* ' • C' • • • * 
+
+% % 
+
+l i ii nii mmmmmm- ‘ - , 1 1 ‘ ,¥ 
+
+• » • 
+
+a Ab de’ujatojy rapio. > ’ " 
+b At fubito horrifico lapfu Ac mont thus adfunt 
+Harpyce ; & -magnis quat hint dangoribus alas ; 
+
+Sive Dc<&> feu Junt Dir A, cbfcaniczque •volucres. 
+
+Triftius baud tills monjlrum e/l, ?:cc Jasvior nil a. 
+
+Pcjlis ira Deurn Stygiis fcfc extulit uadis. 
+
+Virginei volucrum <vultus, fced{(J 7 ma ventris 
+P rah ivies, uncevq ; maims, t 5 pallidafemper 
+
+Ore fame. . .— . ^Eneid, 
+
+When from the Mountain-tops, with hideous Cry 
+And clattering Wings, the filthy Harpyes fly ; 
+
+Mongers more fierce offended Heaven ne’er fenC, 
+
+From Hell’s A by ft, for Human Pun i foment. 
+
+With Virgin Faces, but with Wombs obfeene ; 
+
+Foul Paunches, and with Ordure ftill unclean ; 
+
+With Claws for Hands, and Looks for ever lean. 
+
+Virg. JEiicid . 3. 
+
+extra- 
+
+
+
+« 7 2 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+extraordinary Beauty of thefe Sifters, which was fuch, 
+that whofoever faw them were amazed, and flood im¬ 
+moveable like Stones. There were other Gorgans be- 
+fides, born of the fame Parents who were called La~ 
+mieSy or Empufce : a They had only one Eye, and one 
+Tooth, common to them all: They kept this Tooth 
+and Eye at Home in a little Veflel, and, which foever 
+of them went abroad, (he ufed them. b They had the 
+Faces of Women, and alfo the Necks and Breads; but 
+below they were covered with Scales, and bad the Tails 
+of Serpents. They ufed to entice Men, and then de¬ 
+vour them. Their Breafts were naked, and their Bo- 
+fbms were open. They looked on the Ground as it 
+were out of Modefty. Thus they tempted Men to 
+difcourfe with them, and when they came near, thefe 
+Lamice ufed to fly in their Faces, and ftrangle them, and 
+tear them to Pieces barbaroufly. And what more plai 
+ly-exprefles the devilifh Arts of wicked Women, again 
+whom the Scriptures caution us in thefe Words, c The 
+Sear-monflers draw out the Breaft y they give fuck? Others 
+only mentioned one Latnia> who was a moft beautiful 
+Woman; “Jupiter debauched her, and Junoy through 
+Jcaloufy, deprived her of the Children that fhe bore. 
+She became diftra&ed with Grief, and devoured other 
+People’s Children in their Cradles. 
+
+The Chimatra* is a Monfter, c which vomiteth forth 
+Fire; he hath the Plead and Breaft of a Lion, the 
+Belly of a Goat, and the Tail of a Dragon, as it is 
+expreffed f in a known Verfc, and deferibed by s Ovid, 
+
+A VuU 
+
+
+
+
+
+* Mi chyl. in Prometk. b Dion Hift. Libya?. c Lamia; 
+nuclave runt mam main. Lamcntat. iv. 3, a Dures,l. 2. 
+Rerum Libycarum. c Horn. Iliad. £ * Hefiod. in Theog. 
+E Prima Leo , poflrema Draco , media inde Cap til a, 
+
+A Lion’s Head and Breaft refemble his. 
+
+His Waifl a Goat’s, his Tail a Dragon’s is. 
+h toque Chimara jugo , modi is in part thus Hi ram, 
+
+PcCtits ijj ora Lut\ caudatn Draco nis huh chut* 
+
+And 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods oj' the Heathens. 273 
+
+
+A Vulcano in Lycia occafioned this Fable ; for in the 
+Top of the Mountain were Lions, in the Middle 
+(where was Pafture) Goats lived, and the Bottom of 
+it abounded with Serpents. a Bcllerophon made this 
+Mountain habitable, and is faid therefore to have killed 
+he Chimera. 
+
+The Monfter Sphinx was begotten b of Fypbon and 
+Echidkia. She had the Head and Face of a young Wo¬ 
+man, the Wings of a Bird, and the Body and Feet of a 
+Dog. ‘She lived in the Mountain Sphlnctus , affaulted 
+all PafTengers, and irifefted the Country about Thebes $ 
+infomuch that the Oracle of Apollo was confulted con¬ 
+cerning her, and Anfwer was made. That, unlefs fome 
+body didrefolve the Riddle of Sphinx, there would be no 
+End of that great Evil. Many endeavoured to explain 
+it, but were overcome, and torn in Pieces by theMon- 
+, fter. Creon 9 at that Time, was King of Thebes , who 
+‘ publifhed an Edi& through all Greece , in which if any 
+i one could explain the Riddle of Sphinx , he promifed, 
+
+| that he would give him to Wife his own Sifter Jocafla: 
+
+\ The Riddle was this : c What Animal is that which goes 
+j upon four Feet • in the Mornings upon two at Noon , arid upon 
+l three at Night P. Oedipus , encouraged with the Hopes 
+\ of the Reward, undertook it, and happilyexplainedJft; 
+j fo that the Sphinx was enraged,and caft herfelf headlong 
+j from a Rock, and died.. He faid, that that Animal was 
+0 Man y who, in his Infancy, creeps upon his Hands 
+and Feet, and fo may be.faid- to. go on four Feet; 
+when he grows up, he walks on two Feet ; but, when 
+he grows old, he ufes the Support of a Staff, and fo may 
+be faid to walk on three Feet . 
+
+
+1 « - 
+
+And o’er the craggy Top 
+Chimera dwells, with Lion’s Face and Mane, 
+
+A Goat’s rough Body, and a Dragon’s Train. 
+n Panfan. in Corinth. b Vide Natal. Com. c Quidnam 
+flnunal maneepiadrupes, meridie bipes, veijpcri tripes cfict ? 
+
+T This 
+
+
+k 
+
+
+274 Of t ^ e of the Heathens . 
+
+This Oedipus way the Son of Laius , a King of Thebes: 
+Soon after his Birth Laius commanded a Soldier to car* 
+ry his Son Oedipus into a Wood, and then deftroy him, 
+becaufe it had been foretold by the Oracle, that he 
+fhould be killed by his own Son : But the Soldier was 
+moved with Pity towardsthe Child, and afraid to im¬ 
+brue his Hands in Royal Blood \ wherefore he pierced 
+'his Feet with a Hook, and hanged him upon a Tree to 
+be killed with Hunger. One of the Shepherds of Poly- 
+hius , King of Corinth , found him, and brought him to 
+the Queen, who, becaufe fhe had no Children, educa¬ 
+ted him as her own Son, and from b hisfvuollen Feet cal¬ 
+led him Oedipus. This Oedipus , when he came to Age, 
+knew that King Polybiuj was not his Father, and there¬ 
+fore relolved to find out his Parents \ confulting the 
+Oracle, he was told that he fhould meet his Father 
+in Phocis. In his Journey he met fome Paflengers, a- 
+mong whom was his Father, but he knew him not ; a 
+Quarrel arofe, and, in the Fray, he, by Chance, killed 
+his Father. After this, he proceeded on his Journey, 
+and arrived at Thebes , where he overcame Sphinx , and 
+for his Reward married JocaJla , whom he knew not to 1 
+be his Mother then, but difeovered it afterwards. He 
+had by her two Sons, Eteocles and Polynices , and two 
+Daughters, Antigone and lfmena , c When afterwards 
+he found, by clear Proof, that he had killed his Father, 
+and married his Mother, he was feized with fo great 
+Madnefs, that he pulled out his own Eyes, and had I 
+killed himfelf, if his Daughter Antigone (who led him 
+about after he was blind) had not hindered him. 
+
+Eteocles and Polynices , theSons of Oedipus and C fccn/ie ) 
+fucceeded their Father in the Government: They a- 
+greed to reign a Year a-piece in their Turns. Eteochs 
+reigned the firft Year, and then refufed to admit his 
+
+
+a Suit. i. Theb. Plutarch. ./Elian. Sc alii. 1 Puerum CE- 
+dipum v.ocavit a turn ore pedum, olfrtco cnim tumco Sc mi 
+
+pctlcm fignificat* c Senccx CEdip. d Suit, Theb. 
+
+Brother 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 275 
+
+Brother Polymces to the Throne : Whereupon a War 
+arofe, and the two Brothers, in a Duel, killed each 
+other. Their Enmity Jailed longer than their Lives 4 
+for when their Bodies were placed on the fame Pile to 
+be burnt by the fame Fire, the Flames refufed to unite, 
+but divided themfelves into two Parts. 
+
+
+CHAP. XII. 
+
+The Elys i u m. 
+
+T HERE is a Place in the Infernal Dominions a- 
+bounding with PJeafures and Delights, which is 
+called the Elyfium ; a becaufe thither the Souls of the Good 
+come , after they are loo fed from the Chains of the Body , 
+when they have been purged from the light Offences 
+that they had contracted in this World. b /Eneas re¬ 
+ceived this Account from one of the Inhabitants of it, as 
+Virgil tells us, c who deferibes this PJace as abounding 
+
+
+a, A7ro rri; Ata folutione; quod Animas piorum cor- 
+poreis folutae vinculis, loca ilia petant poftquam purgatse 
+funta levioribus noxis quas contraxerant. 
+
+b Qgfquc fuos patimur manes ; exhide per amplum 
+Mitttmur Elyfium , iff pauci l<?ta arua ten emus. 
+
+All have their Manes , and thofe Manes bear: 
+
+The few, who’re cleans’d, to thofe Abodes repair. 
+
+And breathe in ample Fields the foft Elyjian Air. 
+c D even ere locos lottos , iff anievna vireta 
+Fortutiatorum nemorum fedefquc bcatas : 
+
+Largior h 'tc canipos tether quoq\ lumina njcfltt 
+Pur pureo , folemque fuum fuajidcra no runt . 
+
+Thcfo holy Rites perform’d, they took their Way 
+Where long extended Plains of Plcafure lay. 
+
+The verdant Fields with thofe of Heav’n may vie. 
+
+Will) jEthcr veiled, and a Purple Sky : 
+
+The blifsful Seats of happy Souls below, 
+
+•Stars of their own, and their own Sun they know. y 
+
+T % witlK 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+•with all the Delights that the moft pleafant Plains, the 
+moft verdant Fields, the fhadieft Groves, and the fined 
+and moft temperate Air can produce. 
+
+
+CHAR XIII. 
+
+The River Lethe. 
+
+T HERE is a River in Hell called Lethe> a from 
+
+the Forgetfulnefs it caiifes. For if any body 
+drinks this Water, he immediately forgets all Things 
+paft : So that when the Souls of the Pious have fpent 
+many Ages in the Elyfian Fields, b they drink the Water 
+of Lethe , and are believed to pafs into new Bodies, and 
+return into the World again : And it is neceflary that they 
+forget, both the Pleafures that they have received in 
+Elyfiurn , and the Miferies that they did heretofore endure 
+in this Life, that they may willingly return into this mi- 
+ferable Life again. Thefe Souls went out from Elyfiurn 
+by that Ivory Gate, which you fee painted in the lower 
+Part of this Wall; and, if you pleafe, we will go through 
+this Gate, and leave thefe infernal Regions, to view more 
+beautiful, though not lefs ridiculous. Images of the other 
+Gods. 
+
+
+* ’At ro t to}Qi7.;» ab oblivione. 
+
+b - Amines quibus altera fato 
+
+Corpora debenture Lcthai adjluminis undam 
+Securos latices & lojiga oblinjia pot ant* 
+
+- - Souls that by Fate 
+
+Are doom’d to take new Shapes, at Lethe *'s Brink 
+Quaff Draughts fecurc, and long Oblivion drink. 
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+PART V. 
+
+4 
+
+Of the Dii Minorum Gentium ; 
+
+o R, 
+
+1 
+
+I 
+
+| The Subordinate Deities. 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+The Penates. 
+
+)W, Pala:opbilus^\et us view the fifth 
+Divifion of this Fabulous Pantheon , in 
+which the inferior or fubordinate GWrare 
+contained : The Latins generally called 
+them Dii Minor um Gentium , and fome- 
+times Scmones , Minuti , Plcbcii , and Pa - 
+tdlarii. They are painted without Confufion, in very 
+good Order, and very diftindily. If v?e confider how 
+infinite the Number of them was, it is plain, that the 
+Romans had almoft as many Gods as there are Things. 
+And, indeed, how great are the Number of Gods who 
+prclide over inconfidcralile Things, fince there arc three 
+Gods to keep one Door ! Firft, the God Fercuius looks 
+after the Door, the Gcddcfs Cardua after the Hinges, and 
+Umentim after the Thtelhold. I (hall only briefly fpealc 
+
+T 3 of 
+
+
+
+
+278 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+of thofe, who affift, or any ways preferve Men from 
+their Birth to their Death. 
+
+The Penates are fo called from the Latin Word Pe- 
+mts ; which Word, a Tally fays, includes every Thing 
+that Men eat. Or elfe they have this Name from the 
+Place allotted to them in the Heavens; b becaufe they 
+are placed in the moft inward and private Parts of the 
+Heavens where they reign : Hence they call them Pc- 
+netrales^ and the Place of their Abode Penetrate . They 
+intirely govern us by their Reafon, their Heat, and 
+their Spirit, fo that we can neither live, nor ufe our 
+XJnderftanding c without them, yet we know neither 
+the Number nor Names of them. The ancient Hetrufi 
+called them Confentes and Cojnplices > luppofing that 
+they are Jupiter’s Counfellors, and the Chief of the 
+Gods : And many reckon Jupiter himfclf, together 
+with Juno and Minerva , among the Penates . But I 
+will give you a more diftineft and particular Informatk-n 
+in this Matter. 
+
+There were three Orders of the DU Penates: 1. 
+Thofe who governed d Kingdoms and Provinces, and 
+were abfolutely and folely called Penates . 2. Thofe 
+
+who prefided over Cities only, and thefe were called 
+the. Gods of the Country , or the great Gods\ /Eneas makes 
+mention of them in c Pirgil. 3. Thofe who prefided 
+over particular Houfes and Families, and thefe were 
+called the f ' fmall Gods . The Poets make frequent Men¬ 
+tion of them, cfpcciaily Tirgil , who, in one Place, men¬ 
+tions Fifty Servant-maids, whole Bufmefs it was to 
+
+
+8 Efl cnim penus oinne quo vefcuntnr homines, c. 2. de 
+Nat. b Quod penitus infideant, ex quo Pcnctraks a. Poetis 
+vocantur, U locus in quo fervabantiireorum efHgies Pcmtrah 
+diftus. Varro ap. Arnob. 1 . 3. c Virg. iEn. 1. 5. <l Dii 
+Patrii 9 ao» wa 1 g«toi,Macrob. 3. Saturn.14. Plut. 4. Symp.i, 
+
+c 7«, Genii or, cafe facra manu patriofque Penates . 
+
+Our Country-Gods, the Rdiqucs and the Bands, 
+
+Hold you, my Father, in your guiltlefs Hands. 
+
+* Parvique Penates, Virg. ^En. 8. 
+
+look 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 279 
+
+Jook after their Affairs, and to offer Sacrifices to the Houfi- 
+held Gods: And in a another Place he fpeaks of thefe 
+Houfhold Gods being ffained and defiled by the Blood 
+of one that was killed by his Brother. But it muft 
+Jikewife be obferved, that, amongft the Latins , the 
+Word Penates not only Signifies the Gods, of which we 
+have been fjpeaking, but I ike wife fignifies a Diveiling- 
+Houfe , of which we have Inftances in many Authors, 
+and among the ref}, in b Virgil , c 7 ~*ulty 9 and d fiabius . 
+
+c Tinueus^ and from him Dionyfius , fays, That thefe 
+Penates had no proper Shape or Figure ; but were 
+wooden or brazen Rods, (haped fomewhat like Trum¬ 
+pets. But it is alfo thought, by others, that they had 
+the Shape of young Men with Spears, which they held 
+apart from one another. 
+
+
+a Flammas adolere Penates, JEn. i. b Sparfos fra- 
+
+terna c*ede Penates, JEn. 4, c Noflris fuccede penatibus 
+hofpes. d Exterminare aliquem a fuis Diis Penatibus. 
+Pro Sexto. e Liberos pellere domo, acprohibere Penati- . 
+bus. Dec. 260. 8. Lib. 1. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+The L a r e s. 
+
+T^HE Lares were Children born from the ftolen 
+JL Embraces of Mercury and the Nymph Lara $ for 
+when, by her Prating, fhe had difeovered fome of jfa- 
+piter’s Amours, he was fo enraged that he cut out her 
+Tongue, and banifhed her to the Stygian Lake. Mer¬ 
+cury , who was appointed to conduft her thither, ravifh- 
+ed her upon the Road. f She grew big with Child, and 
+
+
+{ Fitqne gravis Gemtnojque parti qiti compiler fcrvant y 
+El vigilant nofir a Jenifer in evdc Lares. Ovid. Fait. 1 . 2. 
+
+Her Twins the Lares call’d. ’Tis by their Care 
+OurHoufcs, Roads, and Streets in Safety arc. 
+
+T 4 in 
+
+
+280 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+indue Time brought forth Twins, and named them 
+Lares. 
+
+* 
+
+They were mad q Domejluk Gods , and accordingly 
+prefided over 3 Houfes, Streets, and Ways. On this 
+Account they were worshipped b in the Roads and open 
+Streets, called, in Latin , Compita , from whence the 
+Gaines celebrated in their Honour were called c CompL 
+talitii , Compitalitia, and fometimes Co?npitalia. When 
+thefe Sports were exercifed, d the Images of Men and 
+Women, made of Wool, were hung in the Streets; 
+and fo many Balls made of Wool as there were Ser¬ 
+vants in the Family, and fo many compleat Images 
+as there were Children. The Meaning of which Cuf- 
+tom was this: Thefe Feafts were dedicated to the Lares, 
+who were efleemed Infernal Gods, the People defiring 
+hereby that thefe Gods would be contented with thefe 
+woollen Images, and fpare the Perfons reprefented by 
+them. The Roman Youths ufed to wear a golden Or¬ 
+nament, called Bulla , about their Necks; it was 
+made in the Shape of an Heart, and hollow within. 
+This they wore till they were fourteen Years of Age, 
+and then they put it off, and, hanging it up, confecra- 
+ted it to the Lares , as we learn from c Perfius . Thefe 
+Lares fometimes f were eloathed in the Skins of Dogs; 
+and were g fometimes fafhioned in the Shape of Dogs; 
+whence that Creature was confecrated to them. 
+
+The Places in which the Lares were worfhipped was 
+called Lararium ; and in the Sacrifices offered to them, 
+the fir It Fruits of the Year, h Wine and Inccnfe were 
+brought to their Altars, and their Images adorned with 
+
+
+a Martial. 1 . 3. Epigr. 57. b Arnob. 2. c Varrode Rc 
+ruflica; & 5. de Ling. Lat. d Feftus apud Lil. Gyr. 
+c Bullaque fuccinttis Laribus don at a pependit . 
+
+When fourteen Years are pall, the Bullet s laid 
+Afide, an Offering to the Lares made. 
+f Plutarch, in 1 rob. , g Plautus. h Tibullus, J. 1. 
+in nrol. Aul. 
+
+Chap- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 281 
+
+Chaplets and Garlands. a The Beginning of which 
+Worfhip came from hence, that anciently the Dead , 
+b who were buried at home, were worfhipped a? Gods, 
+and called Lares. And befides, we find in c Pliny , that 
+they facrificed, with Wine and Jncenfe, to the Images 
+of the Emperors, while they yet lived. 
+
+
+a Juvenal. Sat. 9. 12. b Arnob. 5. ex Ynr. c Epiilcl. 
+1. 10. 
+
+
+C II A P. III. 
+
+SECT. I. ‘The Genii. Their Names . 
+
+A LTHOUGH the Genit and tl>c Lares fometimes 
+i 1 mean the fame Deities, yet by Genius is commonly 
+meant that Spirit of Nature which begets all Things, from 
+which <! generative Power it has its Name ; or elfe it is fo 
+called, hecaufe it afiifts all Generations; or laftly, becaufe 
+it protcfls and defends us when we are begotten. 'Fhe 
+Birth- Day, and the Marriage-Bed, had the Name c Ge¬ 
+nial from him ; which Name f was like wife given all 
+Days wherein Mirth, Pleafure, and Joys did abound. 
+And on the fame Account thofe who live merrily, 
+who deny themfeives nothing that makes for their Eafe 
+and Pieafure, or that is grateful to their Appetite, who 
+entirely follow the Di&ates of their fenfual Defires, are 
+faid to live a genial Life , or to indulge their Genius . 
+
+The Greeks called thefe Ge?tii Dtemons 9 as it is 
+thought, from the » Tc-rror and Dread they create in 
+thofe to whom they appear; or, as it is more probable. 
+
+
+d A gignendo feu genendo, nam geno pro gigno olim 
+diccbatur. Aug 7. de Civitate Dei. Cicero 2. de Oratore, 
+Sc 2. de Tnvcntionc. Ccnforin. de Die Nat. 3. f lfidor. 
+8. Etymol c. ult. g Dummies dicuncur u ^c&ifAstUu cx- 
+terreo, aut pavcfacio. Elifebius. 
+
+
+from 
+
+
+
+2 $ 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+* 
+
+a from the prudent and wife Anfwers which they gave 
+when they were confulted as Oracles. b Hence fome 
+think, that illuftrious Men, whofe Adlions in this Life 
+gain them universal Praife and Applaufe, do after their 
+Deaths become Daemons, by which Daemons is to be 
+underftood, c as Plutarch fays. Beings of a middle Kind 
+of a greater Dignity than Man, but of a Nature inferior 
+to the Gods. 
+
+
+a Yel quail Id eft, periti rerumque prsefeii, nam 
+
+Tefponfa dabant confulentibus. Hid or. 8. Etymol. b So¬ 
+crates exHef. ap. Plat. ibid. c Lib. de Orat. 
+
+SEC T. II. 'Their Images, 
+
+HE Images of the Genii refembled for the moll 
+JL Part the Form a of a Serpent , according to c Per - 
+fius , and his Commentators. Sometimes alfo they were 
+deferibed like a Boy, or a Girl, or an old Man; and 
+crowned with the Leaves of the Plainc-Tree^ f which 
+was a ‘Tree facred to the Genii. 
+
+
+d Statii Theb. 5. 
+
+c Tinge duos cingacs ; ■ Pueri, facer' of locus, extra 
+Mcictc. - -- 
+
+Paint here two Snakes ; let no Youth dare 
+Defile with Pifs thofe Walls that facred are. 
+
+Vide la Cerda.* Commentar. in iEneid. f PJatanua pu- 
+tabatur arbor genialis. 
+
+a 
+
+SECT. III. Sacrifices offered, to the Genii. 
+
+W INE and Flowers were offered up in the Sacri¬ 
+fices to the Genii^ and that cfpecially by People 
+on their Birth-Days, as we may learn from >■ Pcrfius and 
+
+
+e Fiuule in crum Gcuio .• -- -■ 
+
+To Genius confecratc a chearful GIafs. 
+
+
+Horace . 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+* Horace, To thefe Flowers and Wine they added 
+Incenfe, parched Bread, and Corn ft re wed with Salt. 
+b Sometimes alfo a Swine was facriiiced ; though Cenfo - 
+rims writes, that it was not ufual to facrifice to the 
+Genii with the Blood and Slaughter of any "Thing, 
+fince we ought not to take Tile from other Creatures 
+on that Day on which we received it. 
+
+
+a -- « • - piabant 
+
+F lor thus & <viho Gettium memoretn brevis <wi } 
+
+Cum J'ociis operum & pue.ris & cujugn ft da . 
+
+T heir Wives, their Neighbours, and their prattling Boys, 
+Were call’d ; all tailed of their fportive Joys : 
+
+They drank, they danc’d, they fung, made wan ton Sport, 
+Enjoy’d themfelves, for Life they knew was lhort, 
+
+Herat . Epiji, 2. i„ 
+
+b Plut. in Aul. Pafeph. Eel. 5. Hor. 3. Carrn. 
+
+
+.SEC T. IV. Their Offices. ■ 
+
+T HE Genii were appointed the continual Guardi¬ 
+ans, Overfeers, c and fafe Keepers oftbeMen (as 
+d (he Women’s Guardians and Protestors were called 
+Juncnes) from their Cradles to their Graves. 'They 
+likewife carried the Prayeis of Aden to the Gods, and 
+interceded for them. Whence fume call them Pra:~ 
+Jiiies , or chief Governors, c bccaufc they are fet over the 
+Management of all Things. 
+
+To every rerfon f were nfligned two Genii , a Bonus 
+Genius , and a Mains Genius : ^ Horace calls them a 
+white and a black one. We were told by h Valerius 
+Maximus that when CaJJivs fled to Athens , after Antony 
+Was beaten at Attium* there appeared to him a Man 
+
+
+c Arrian, in Epi&et. ll Polit. Mifcell. c. 99. c Quod 
+prxfint gerundis omnibus. Martianus 2. de Nupt. f Plut. 
+do Ifide 8 c Ofir. p Gcnium Album 8 c Nigrum, florat. 2. 
+Epift. h Interrogatus quifquam cflet refpondit fe c/Tc 
+kuxi frcriuovK. Val. Max. 1 . 1. c. 7. 
+
+
+Of 
+
+
+2 84 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+of a large Stature, of a black fwarthy Complexion 
+with long Hair, and a nafty Beard. CaJJtus afked him 
+who he was? And the Apparition anfwcred, I am your 
+evil Genius. Virgil is thought, by his a Commentator 
+Servius 0 to mean thefe two Genii , by the Word Mams. 
+Of thefe two Genii , the good One , which is given to 
+every one at his Birth, conflantly incites him to the 
+Pra£lice of Virtue and Goodncfs $ whereas the had One 
+prompts him to all Manner of Vice and Wickednefs. 
+
+Nor were thefe Genii affigned to Men only : for 
+feveral Countries had their Genius , who therefore were 
+called the b Deities of the Place. Nay, c Genii were al¬ 
+lotted to all Houfes, and Doors, and Stables, and 
+Hearths : And becaufe the Hearths were ufually co¬ 
+vered with Slates , therefore the God of the Hearths was 
+called Lateranus : But of thefe enough* Let us now 
+proceed to the other inferior Deities. 
+
+
+a Quifque fuos patimur manes, Virg. JEn. 6. Vide Ser- 
+vium in loc. b Numen loci. Virg. dEn. 7. c Prud. in 
+Symm. Laterculis extrui foci folebant. Lil. Synt. 1. 
+
+
+C H A.P. IV. 
+
+The Nuptial Gods and Goddejfes . 
+
+F IVE Deities were fo abfolutely necefiary to nil 
+Marriages, that none could lawfully be folem- 
+nizecl without them. They were ll 'Jupiter perfect us 
+feu adultus , ‘J uno perfeEla feu adult a , Venus , Suada , and 
+Diana : Befides which, feveral inferior Gods and 
+Goddcfles were worfhipped at all Marriages. 
+
+c fugatinus joined the Man and the Wotnan together 
+in tlie Yoke of Matrimony. 
+
+Minorcs Sc Plcbcii Dii. c A jugo matrimonii didus. 
+Aug, dc Civit. 4. 
+
+Demi- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2S5 
+
+* Domiducus a guided the Bride into the Bridegroom’s 
+Houfe. 
+
+Domitius was worfhippcd, that the Bride might be b 
+kept at Home, to look after the Affaiis of the Family* 
+
+Manturna was worlhipped, that the Wife might 
+never leave her Hufband, but in all Conditions of Life 
+c abide with him. 
+
+Then the Goddefs Virginenjis , and alfo the Goddefs 
+Cinxia Juno y <l was invoked when the Virgin’s Girdle 
+was un loo fed. 
+
+Priapus y or Mutcnus , was alfo reckoned one of the 
+Nuptial Gods, becaufe in his filthy Lap the Bride was 
+commanded to fit, according to a very religious and 
+modifh Cuftom, forfooth ! 
+
+Percunda, or Parcunda , was alfo wor{hipped : St. 
+Auguflin-) mentioning her, advifes us to c Jpare the 
+Mode fly of Human Nature. 
+
+f Viriplaca reconciles Hufbands to their Wives. A 
+Temple at Rome was dedicated to her, whither the 
+married Couple ufually repaired when any Quarrel 
+arofe between them ; and there opening their Minds 
+freely to each other, without Paffion, they laid afide all 
+Anger, and returned Home together friendly. 
+
+The Goddefs Matuta , s according to the Opinion of 
+fome, was the Daughter of Cadmus , whom the Greeks 
+call Leucothca , or Jno. h The Maid-Servants were not 
+fuftered to come within her Temple; but the married 
+Women admitted one of them, and afterwards buffeted 
+her. Mothers prayed to this Goddefs to fend Bleflings 
+on their Sijler' s Children, but never prayed to her for 
+their own: And therefore while they were prefent at 
+her Sacrifices, they carried not their own, but their 
+Sifter’s Children in their Arms. 
+
+
+a Quodfponfam in fponfi domum duceret. Idem ibid. & 
+1 . 9. c. 9. k Ut fponfam domi teneret. c Ut cum marito 
+femper inancrct. d Auguft. ibid. e Ut parcatur human a: 
+verccundi.x ibid. r A plncando Viro. Val. Max. 1 . 2. c. x. 
+s Otid. Met. 1 . 3. h Hut. in Camiilo, & Qua 11 . Rom. 1. 
+
+The 
+
+
+
+zS6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The Goddefs Mena prefided over the Women’s * 
+Monthly Courfcs ; and was the fame with the b Moon . 
+
+And c Februa was employed in the fame Affair; ihe 
+was fo called for the fame Reafon. 
+
+
+a A Menftruis. b Etiam Gra:ce Luna dicitur. c A 
+februo, id eft, purgo. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+
+I'he Gods f refuting over Women with Child . 
+
+
+
+HREE Gods afiifted big-belly’d Women when 
+their Afiiftancc was afked. 
+
+
+Pilummis was one of the Gods of Children : He was 
+fo called from the Peftle, 11 which the Ancients pounded 
+their Corn with, before they made their Bread, or b be- 
+caufe he keeps off thofe Misfortunes which attend 
+Children. 
+
+Inter cidona was the Goddefs who firft taught the Art 
+c of cutting Wood with a Hatchet to make Fires. 
+
+Deverra was worshipped as a Goddefs, becaufe fhc 
+invented Brooms, d by which all Things are brufhed 
+clean, and thofe Diftempers prevented that proceeded 
+from Naflinefs. 
+
+The Sylvan Gods , who were always hurtful to big- 
+belly’d Women, were driven away by thofe Deities, 
+and the Mifohtef they invented was prevented. For, as 
+neither the Trees, c fays St. Augitjiine , are cut clown 
+without ail Ax^ nor Bread made without a PeJUe , nor 
+Things preferved dean without a Brujl); fo, fmee thofe 
+Inflruments are thought Signs of good Houfewifry, it 
+was fuppofed, that thofe wild unclean Gods would ne¬ 
+ver dare to enter into the Chamber of a breeding Woman, 
+
+
+a A nilo. l> Quod mala ab jnfanlibus pell It. Scrvius, 
+c Al> iutorcifione feeuris. ,l A fcopis quibus verritur. 
+c Augullin, de Civil, Dei, L 7. 
+
+C I I A l\ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+C H A P. VI. 
+
+
+fhe Gods and Gcddefes prefiding ever Women in 
+
+Labour . 
+
+
+T HESE Goddejfis atfifted Women in Travail and 
+
+promoted the h2ppy Birth of the Child. 
+
+Juno Luciua , a whofe Image was thus formed. One 
+Hand was empty, and ready, as it were, to receive the 
+new- born Babe ; the other Hand held a lighted Xcrch, 
+by which that Light of Life was figntfied, which all 
+enjoy as foon as they arc born. 
+
+Diana; (though b fome make no Difference between 
+her and Lucina.) Limans fpeaks very handfomcly, c 
+when he relates that Diana s Temple was burnt the 
+fame Night in which Alexander was born : d It is no 
+6 Wonder fhe was abfent from her Houfe, fays he, 
+6 when her Afliftance was neceffary at the Labour of 
+* Olympias , Alexander's Mother/ She is called Solvizo - 
+na ; for when Women lay in the fir ft Time, they 
+loofed their Zona^ or Girdle , and dedicated it to Diana . 
+Egeria is fo called '-‘from cajlittg forth the Birth. 
+Profa? or Prorfa , or Porrima (who was called alfo 
+P of vert a and Anteverta) looked after the Birth of the 
+Child : * It was in her Power to make the Birth cafy 
+and regular, or difficult and prepofterous. 
+
+Adanageneta K prefided alfo over the Infant, both be¬ 
+fore and after his Birth. 
+
+Laftly, the Godclefs Latona , of whom we have fpo- 
+ken in her Place. It was thought that fhe very much 
+loved a Dunghill-Cock; becaufe a Cock was prefont 
+
+
+a Nat. Comes. u Catull. Carni. ad Dian. 12. c Ci¬ 
+cero do Nat. Door. 1 . i. i{ Thcocr. Idyll. 1 , 17. c A pnrtu 
+cftcrenclo. f Cell. c. 19, Plutarch. Ro ,v :, tj. 25. & JEW. 
+
+<.ni varia llillonu 
+
+
+when 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods 
+
+when fhe brought forth Diana and Apollo ; and from 
+thence fome imagine, that the Prefence of a Cock ren¬ 
+ders Women’s Labours eafy. 
+
+1 Vixii Dei , fo called a from f riving , becaufe the Mother 
+end the ChildJlruggle at that Time : The Mother ftrug- 
+gles through Pain, and the Child, that it may come 
+into the World, 
+
+
+* Ab enitendo, quod eniterotur cum mater, turn fcetus, 
+Aufon. Idyll, iz. 
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+The Deities profiling over Infants at the Time of 
+
+their Birth and after . 
+
+% 
+
+^ H E S E Deities prefided over Children in the 
+JL Time of their Birth, and afterwards: Janus , 
+who opened b the Door of life to them . 
+
+Opis 9 who c a (lifted them when they came into the 
+World. 
+
+Tsfafcio , or Natio , a Goddefs fo called from a Latin 
+Word, fignifying to be born. 
+
+Cuma > c who attends the Cradle, and watches the 
+Infants while they lie and fleep. 
+
+Car menu7 , f who fings the Dcftinies. 
+
+Vagit anus , or Valicanus , 15 who takes care of them 
+when they cry 
+
+Lev ana y ll from lifting them up from the Ground 
+1 For, when a Child was born, the Midwife conflantly 
+
+
+b Qui aperiret vita; januam, c Qua; opem ferret. <l A 
+nnfcqndo, Auguftin. de Civitate, 1 . 4. c. 8. & 11. Qu;u 
+cunis pneefl. r A canendo. 15 A vagiendo. ,l A Icvando. 
+j Var. 2. de vita pop. Rom. 
+
+
+
+of the Heathens „ 
+
+
+laid 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 289 
+
+laid the Child on the Ground, and the Father, or, in 
+his Abfence, fomebody appointed by him, lifted it 
+from the Ground; and from thence tollere liberos ilg- 
+nifies to educate Children, 
+
+w 
+
+Rumina , who milks the Breaft for the Child. a Ru - 
+?na is an old Word fignifying a Breaft. 
+
+Potina , b who gives the Infants Drink. 
+
+Educa , or Edufa , from whom it receives its c Food. 
+OJJilago , who fattens the (l Bones, and hardens the 
+Body. 
+
+Carna y or Carnea , who e keeps the inward Parts fafe. 
+To this Goddefs they facriheed, upon the Kalends of 
+Juno, Bacon, and Cakes made of Beans. Whence 
+thofe Kalends were called. Fab aria:. 
+
+The Goddefs Nundina was fo called from f the ninth 
+
+r 
+
+Day of the Child’s Age, which was the Day of the Pu¬ 
+rification : In which the Name was given it, if it was 
+a Boy : If it was a Girl, this Ceremeny was performed 
+, on the eighth Day.. 
+
+Statilinusy or St at amts, who teaches Infants s to ftand 
+and walk $ and preferves them from falling. 
+
+Fabulmusy h who looked after them when they began 
+; to fpeak. 
+
+Paventia was the Goddefs who j preferred them from 
+; Frights. 
+
+
+I a Augufh 1 . 4. c. 8. b a potando. c ab edendo. d ab 
+j offibus. a carne. Vide IVXacrob. Saturn. 1. j. c. 3 . f a 
+j nono die, qui fu'it dies lullricus. Vide Macrob. Feltum in 
+voccluftricus, Eaftando, h a fan do. J ab a verten do pa- 
+
+vorc. 
+
+
+1 
+
+1 
+
+
+\ 
+
+
+u 
+
+
+C H A P. 
+
+
+
+
+£ 9 ° 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+The Gods and GoddeJJes prefiding over adult 
+
+Perfons . 
+
+O U R feveral ACtions are fuppofed to be under the 
+
+Protection of divers Gods. 
+
+Juventus^ or Juvcntas^ protects us In the Beginning 
+of our Youths a when we have thrown off the Child's 
+Coot. 
+
+Agenoria excites Men to b Atlion* 
+
+Strenua encourages us to c behave ourfelves Jlrem • 
+oujly and bravely upon ali Occafions. 
+
+Stimula eggs us on to extraordinary A&ions*. 
+
+Horta is the Goddefs* d who exhorts us to undertake 
+poble Enter prizes. Her Temple at Rome flood always 
+open : and fome call ber Hora . 
+
+£hties had her Temple without the City; and c was 
+fuppofed to be the Donor of Peace and £hiiet?zefs. 
+Murcia renders Men f lazy, idle, and dull. 
+
+Adeona and Abeona protects us fo, that we have Power 
+to go in and out in Safety. 
+
+Vibilia brings Wanderers into the Way again. 
+Vacuna protects the Idle and Lazy. 
+
+FeJJonia recreates-and refrelhesthe Weary. 
+
+The Goddefs. Meditrina has her Name from& Heal- 
+
+% 
+
+ing; and her Sacrifices were called Medilrinalia , in 
+which they drank new and old Wine inftead of Phy- 
+fick. 
+
+The Goddefs Vitula is fo called from h Leaping for 
+
+
+a Augufl. 1 . 4. c. 11. b Jdem,l. 4. c. 16 . c Varrolib, 
+4. de Ling. Lat, <l Plut. Qupeft. Rom. 14, c Aug. 4.16. 
+i murcidos reddit. Idem, ibid. & a niedendo, Yar. &Fc* 
+
+A u s . h h vitulando, id eft, l&titia geftiendo. 
+
+Joy ; 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 291 
+
+Joy: She is the Goddefs of Mirth , which mitigates the 
+Toils of Life. 
+
+The Goddefs Volupla , from a Pleafure; for from her 
+we receive it. 
+
+Orbona was worfhipped, that fhe fhould not leave 
+Parents b dejiitute of Child*en. 
+
+Pellonia was thought to have great Power in c driving 
+away the Enemy. 
+
+Numeric was worfhipped, that from her we might 
+learn fl to caft Accompts. 
+
+Canioena was effeemed a Goddefs, that inclines In¬ 
+fants * to fing. 
+
+Scntia was worfhipped, that Children might imbibe 
+at firft juft and honourable f Sentiments. 
+
+Angerona was the Goddefs that removed the s An- 
+guifhes of the Mind, or elfe was fo named from !l the 
+Squinancy. When the Cattle of the Romans were ai- 
+nioft Wholly deftroyedby this Difeafe, they offered Vows 
+to her, and fhe removed the ‘ Plague. 
+
+Hares Martin was one of the Companions of Mars , 
+and was worfhipped by thofe who obtained an Inheri¬ 
+tance. 
+
+Sfata jot Statiia Mater , was worfhipped in the For urn , 
+that it fhould not be burnt, or fuller Damage by fre¬ 
+quent Fires, which happened there in the Night. 
+
+The Goddefs Laverna was the -Proteftrefs of Thieves, 
+who, from her, were named Laverniones: They wor¬ 
+fhipped her, that their Deligns and Intrigues might be 
+fuecefsful r k Her Image was a Head without a Body. 
+
+The God Averritncus was thought to 1 repel and pre¬ 
+vent Misfortunes. 
+
+Coufus fuggcfled good m Gounfcl in the Management 
+of Affairs. 
+
+
+,l A vo In plate. 
+fi a numerando. 
+
+
+b orbos liberis. 
+a canemlo. 
+
+
+c a peJlondis hu/libus. 
+f a fentiendo Pelt. Jul. 
+
+
+Moduli. K ut pellcrct aiigoresanimi. h ut are c ret an gin am. 
+M'Vlh id. ibid. I: Seal ip;, in Pell. ! ab avemmeando, id 
+
+
+clt, avertendo mala. 
+
+
+* JI a confulendo. 
+
+U 2 
+
+
+Cat ins 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+Catius made Men a clrcumfpeft, acute, and wife, 
+
+Valumnus and Volumna were fo named, bccaufe, 
+through their Means, Men fa were willing to follow 
+Things that are good, 
+
+Honorius , the God from whom they begged Honours . 
+Aius Locutius was worfhipped on this Occafion : c A 
+certain common Soldier reported, that in the Night 
+he heard a Voice fay. The Gauls are coming . Nobody 
+minded what he faid, becaufe he was a poor Fellow. 
+After the Gallick War, Camdlus advifed the Romans to 
+expiate their Offence in negletiing this nofturnal Voice , 
+which forewarned them of the Gallick War, and the 
+enfuing Deftrudlion ; thereupon a Temple was dedi¬ 
+cated in Via Nova to Aius Locutius . 
+
+
+Among the A&tbiopians , or the AJfyrians , and Per fans 
+Pcena and Beneficium (Punijhment and Favour) were 
+reckoned in the Number of the Gods- For the formei 
+was efteemed the Diftributer of Evilj the other the 
+Difpenfer of good Things . 
+
+
+a Quod homines cautos redderet. * a volendo, quode? 
+jus confilio bona vellent. c Auguft. 1 . z. c. 21. Valer. 
+Maximus. 
+
+
+CHAP. IX, 
+
+The Gods affigned to the feveral Parts of Human 
+
+bodies. 
+
+
+A Particular God was afligned and aferibed to every 
+
+Member of the Body of Man. 
+
+The Head was facred to A fupitcr , the Breaft to 
+Neptune , the Waift to Mars , the Forehead to Genius , 
+the Eye-brows to Junoy the Eyes to Cupid , the Ears to 
+
+
+
+Mmoria> 
+
+
+d Scrvius in Georg. 
+
+
+
+
+s ♦ r » x 
+
+Of the Gods of the lie at hens . 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+
+Metnoria , the Right-hand to Fides, the Back and the 
+hinder Parts to Pluto, the Reins to Venus, the Feet to 
+Mercury, the Knees to Mifericordia the Ancles and 
+Soles of the Feet to Thetis, and the Fingers to jj#- 
+
+neYva. 
+
+
+The Aftrologers afligri the Parts of the Body to the 
+Celejiial Conftellations, in another Manner, thus : a The 
+Head they affign to Aries, the Neck to Taurus, the 
+Shoulders to Gemini, the Heart to Cancer? the Breaft to 
+Leo, the Belly to Virgo, the Reins to Libra , the fecrets 
+to Scorpio , the Thighs to Sagittarius , the Knees to Ca 
+pricom, the Legs to Aquarius, and the Feet to Pi fees. 
+
+
+a Finnic. & Manilius apud Lil. Gyr. Synt. i. 
+
+
+C H A P. X. 
+
+The Funeral Gods, 
+
+T HE Chief of the Funeral Deities is Libitin a, 
+
+whom fome account to be the fame as Venus , 
+fince her Name is derived b from Luft or Concupis¬ 
+cence ; but others think that fhe was Proferpine. In 
+her Temple all Things neceflary for Funerals were 
+fold or let. Libitina fometimes iignifies the Grave, 
+and Libitinarii thofe Men who were employed in bu¬ 
+rying the Dead. Porta Libitina , at Rome , was that 
+Gate, through which the Dead Bodies were carried to 
+be burnt: And Rationes Libitina, in Suetonius , figni- 
+fies thofe Accounts which we call The Bills of Morta¬ 
+lity, or the Weekly Bills . 
+
+
+b Ita tli&a ii libitu vcl libidinc. 
+
+
+u 3 
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+
+PAR T VI. 
+
+
+Of the Dii Indigetea a?id Adfcripti- 
+tii, the Semi-Dei (Demi Gods) 
+and Heroes. 
+
+
+
+HIS now is the laft Divifion of ths 
+Fabulous Pantheon , in which you fee 
+exactly defenbed the Images of the 
+Indigctcs , or Semi-Dei., and the Heroes. 
+T told you at fir ft who the Dii AIdfcrip - 
+lih'i end the Indigetes weac, and from 
+whence they were fo called. 
+
+The Scmidei , 'Hp>i 9 eo», [Hemitheoi] were thofe who 
+had human Bodies, facred Minds, and celeftial Souls: 
+They were bom in this Woild for the Good and Safe¬ 
+ty Mankind. a Labeo , in St. Augujline , diftingui/hes 
+them from the Heroes . He thinks that Her os was one 
+of y/wo’s Sons, and that the Name Her os is derived 
+from [Hera] Juno's Name in the Greek Language. 
+b Others think the Word comes from ^a, [Era] 
+the Earth j bccaufc Mankind owe their Original to if. 
+e Others again think it comes from spu?, [Eros'] Love ; 
+for Heroes are the mod illuftrious Produil of Love, and 
+
+
+;i Lib. io. c. 2i. l) Tnterpr. Iloineri apud Lil. Gyr. 
+iiynt. i. c Plat, in Cratylo. 
+
+
+
+pijoche . 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+_ * 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+are fchemfelves, as Hierocles obferves, full of Love. 
+But others think that this Name is derived from f d l0} > 
+[£reo] to plead, and is given them becaufe Heroes are 
+very elegant, and moft powerful, and fkilful in Rheto¬ 
+ric. Or* laftly, it is thought that the Word comes 
+from &§ih} 9 [Arete J Virtue $ for Heroes are endued 
+with many Virtues. But let us fpeak particularly con¬ 
+cerning fome of thefe Heroes, of whom the moft fa¬ 
+mous was Hercules . 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+SECT. I. Hercules. His Birth. 
+
+T HERE were many Hercules* s, but (as a Tully 
+
+fays) the famous Adfions of them all are afcrib- 
+ed to him, who was the Son of yupiter by Alcmena , the 
+Wife of Ampbytrio , King of "Thebes . 
+
+• When Ampbytrio was abfent, b Jupiter put on his 
+Shape and Drefs, and came to Alcmena; who, thinking 
+that her Hufband was returned, entertained the deceit¬ 
+ful God both at Table and at Bed, and had by him a 
+Son, whofe Limbs were fo large, his Conftitution fo ro- 
+buft, and every Part of his Body fo full of Vigour, that 
+Jupiter was forced to join three Nights together, and 
+employ them all in producing a Son of fuch marvel¬ 
+lous Strength. Before this Adultery, Alcmena had con¬ 
+ceived a Son by her Hufband. This Son and Hercules 
+were Twins ; his Name was Jpbiclus j c he was won¬ 
+derful fwiftin Running* 
+
+When Juno had di(covered Jupiter 1 s Adultery, flic 
+began to hate Hercules fo violently, that {he endeavoured 
+
+
+a Dc Nat. Dcorum. 1 . 2. b Natalis Comes. Lil. Gyrald. 
+c Nam fupcr exlrcmas fegetum curvcl'at drift as , 
+
+Nec ftccos frufius la Ad at pomkrc plant ce. Orph. in Hymn. 
+He over Handing Corn would run, and ne’er 
+In his fwift Motion bruife the tender Ear. 
+
+IJ 4 with 
+
+
+
+
+zg 6 Of the • Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+with Might and Main to ruin him. Firft,* fhe obtained 
+an Edidt from Jupiter ,• which (he endeavoured to turn 
+to his utter Deftru&ion $ for the Wife of Stbenelus King 
+of Mycencs was big with Eurijlheus at the fame Time 
+when Alcmena was big with Hercules. Jupiter ordain¬ 
+ed, that whichsoever of the two Children was bom 
+firft, he fhould be fuperior to the other; Juno accelera¬ 
+ted Euriflbeus's Birth, fo that he was born after feven 
+Months, and came into the World before Hercules . 
+Again, he fent two Vipers to deftroy him when he lay 
+. crying in the Cradle : But it was in vain ; for the vali¬ 
+ant Infant griped them in his Hands till they periflied 
+by his Grafp, a as we are told by Ovid , b At length, by 
+the Mediation of Pallas , Jano was reconciled to the 
+noble Youth, and let him fuck her Breads: But he fuck¬ 
+ed with fuch Violence that he hurt her Breads ; where¬ 
+fore file put him away, and fome of her Milk was fpiltj; 
+but it was not lod, for it fell upon the Sky, and made 
+the Milky Way, which is in Greek called TuXcc^ce [G*- 
+1 axiaJ\ Some of it pafled through* the Clouds, and fell 
+on the Earth, and where it fell Lillies fprang up ; from 
+whence fome call thofe Flowers c the Rofes of Juno. 
+
+# 
+
+* J'ene ferunt ge?ni?ios prejfjje te?mciter ungues. 
+
+Cum tencr in cunts jam Jove dignus eras ? Ov. Epift. 
+You kill’d two Serpents with your Infant-hand, 
+Which then deferv’d Jove's Sceptre to command. 
+b Eumolph. i. de Myileriis. c Rofse Junonke, Lil. Gyr, 
+
+SECT. II. Names of Hercules. 
+
+U E had two proper Names,. Hercules and Alcides\ 
+jjTjL but his Surnames are innumerable. His Parents 
+called him a Alcides , frcm his extraordinary Strength \ 
+becaufe he greatly excelled all Mankind in Strength. 
+
+
+Ih 
+
+
+* Ab ’Ahxil robur. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 9 7 
+
+He was afterwards called Hercules , a from the Glojf 
+which Juno caufed him. For her Hatred and Unkind- 
+nefs towards him was the great Means of the Increafe 
+ofhis Glory: For, when fhe expofed him to the great- 
+eft Dangers, fhe made his Glory and Honour moft il- 
+Lftrious, and, by enjoining him fo many Labours, fhe 
+only-Ckcrclfed his Patience and Courage. 
+
+The Surnames I chufe rather to omit, becaufe it is 
+plain, that he derived them either from the Places where 
+his mighty Feats were done, or from the .Actions that 
+he performed with Applaufe and Honour ; which I 
+will carefully and diftindfly recount: They are called 
+Hercules 's Labours ; fo great was the Pains, and fo infi¬ 
+nite the Toil of them. 
+
+
+a Juno Grxcc dicitur 53 ga, Sc gloria, unde nomen 
+
+Hercules. 
+
+SECT. III. ftbe Labours of Hercules. 
+
+
+H 
+
+
+Ercules was fubjefted to Euriflbats , not only by the 
+Edi<£t of Jupiter , and Unkindnefs of Juno % but 
+befides, the Oracle of Apollo at Delphos advifed and per- 
+fuaded him to fubmit himfelf, and obey EuriJlheuPs 
+Commands; and efpecially to undergo willingly the 
+twelve Labours which his Mafter fhould lay upon 
+him. Hercules obeyed the Fates , and ferved Eurijlbeus 
+twelve Years; and performed the moft dangerous and 
+dillicult Commands with a fuitable Courage and Sirc- 
+cefs. Some fay, that Hercules ferved him voluntarily, 
+and performed thefe difficult Talks, to fficvv how great 
+Love he bore Eurijlhcus . Though Hercules performed 
+an infinite Number of memorable Actions, twelve are 
+especially celebrated: And thofe twelve are comprized 
+in as many b Latin Vcrfes, tranfiated out of the Greel\ 
+
+The 
+
+
+b Prim a Cl const idler at a rent man Leotiis, 
+
+Pro.xima Lsnuriun ferro & face conttulii TlyJrath 
+
+
+
+f 
+
+
+
+298 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The particular Account of thefe twelve is this. 
+
+I. He tore in Pieces, with his Nails, a the Lion in 
+the Wood of Nemece, which fome fay fell from the 
+Orb of the Moon y and was invulnerable by any Wea¬ 
+pon. This Place was alfo named Cleone y from whence 
+the Lion was alfo called Cleoneus . This was the fir ft 
+Labour of Hercules . He fkinned the Lion, and with 
+the Skin he made him a Shield and Breaft-plate. 
+
+II. There was a Hydra> a Serpent , in the Lake 
+Lerna , in the Field of Argos , that had feven Heads 5 
+fome fay nine, others fifty. When any of thefe 
+Heads were cut off, another prefently fprang up in 
+the Place of it \ unlefs the Blood which iflued from 
+the Wound was flopped by Fire, lolaus , the Son of 
+Jphiclus , procured for him lighted Brands from the 
+
+
+Mox Erymanihevm mis ter tin percuKl Apr urn, 
+
+JEripidis quarto tnlit aurea cornua cermi. 
+
+Styjnphalidas pepulit mo lucres diferhnine quinto. 
+'Tbreiciam fexto fpoliamit Amazon a Baltbeo . 
+
+Septima in Augets Jlabulis impenfa laboris . 
+
+OBama expulfo numeratur adorea %auro, , 
+
+In Diomcdis mi Bor jam no?ia quadrigis . 
+
+Geryonc extinBo deci771am dat Iberia palmam. 
+XJndecimum mala Hcfperidu?n diJiraBa ttiumphuvi . 
+Cerberus extremi fuprema cji met a laboris . 
+
+*-* The Clconian Lion (irft he kills. 
+
+With Fire and Sword then Lerna 9 s Pcft he quells. 
+Of the wild Boar he clears th* Er 9 manthean Fields, 
+
+
+The Brats-foot Stag with golden Antlers yields. 
+
+He Siympha clears of Man-devouring Birds, 
+
+And next the bouncing Amazon ungirds : 
+
+The Stables of King Augeas he cleans. 
+
+The Cretan Bull he vanquilhes and chains : 
+
+Diomede's Horfcs him their Conqu’ror own. 
+
+Then he brings low three-hcadcd Gtryou ; 
+
+Ifcfpcrian Apples next his Name advance. 
+
+And his hill Labour Cerberus unchains, 
+a Euripid. in Hcrcule In fan. 
+
+ncigh^ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 299 
+
+neighbouring Wood, and with them Hercules Branched 
+the Blood ifliiing from the Wounds he made, This 
+feafonable Afliftance was not forgotten ; for, when 
+lolaus was grown to decrepid Age, Hercules , a by his 
+Prayers, reftored to him his Youth again. 
+
+III. He bound the wild Boar, whofe Fiercenefs and 
+Bignefs were equally admirable, in the Mountain Ery- 
+manthus of Arcadia j and afterwards brought it to Eu - 
+rijiheus. 
+
+IV. He was ordered to bring to Mycencs an Hind, 
+whofe Feet were Brafs, and Horns Gold. No-body 
+dared to wound her, becaufe fhe was confecrated to 
+Diana ; nor could any body out-run her : Yet Her - 
+cules hunted her a Year on Foot, and catched her, and 
+brought her away on his Shoulders. 
+
+V. He partly killed,^and partly drove away the Birds 
+called Stymphalides , from the Lake Stymphalus , which 
+ufed to feed upon Man's Fiefh. 
+
+VI. Pie defeated the Army of the Amazons, and toofc 
+from Hippolyte , their Queen, the fine ft Belt in the 
+World. 
+
+VII. He in one Day cleanfed the Stable of Augeas- , 
+by turning the Courfe of a River into it. This Stable 
+had never been cleanfed, although three thoufand 
+Oxen (tabled in it thirty Years. Whence, when we 
+would exprefs a Work of immenfe Labour and Toil, 
+in proverbial Speech, we call it Cleanfing the Stable of 
+Augeas. 
+
+VIII. .He tamed a great Bull, that did innumerable 
+Mifchicfs to the Ifland Crete , and brought him bound 
+to Eurijlbeus. 
+
+IX. He overcame Dio?nedcs> the moft cruel Tyrant 
+of Thrace, who fed his Plorfes with the FJefh of his 
+Guefls. Hercules bound him, and threw him to be 
+eaten by thofe Plorfes to which the Tyrant expofed 
+others. 
+
+
+
+3 
+
+
+a Ovid. Mctam. 1 . 9. 
+
+
+X. He 
+
+
+300 . Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+X. He overcame in War Geryoti King of Spain , who 
+had three Bodies : We faw him before in Hell. He 
+
+
+took Jikewife his Bay Oxen, who ate Man’s Fleftj, 
+and brought them into Italy^ when he had killed the 
+Dragon with feven Heads, and the two-headed Dog, 
+who guarded them. 
+
+XI. He killed the Dragon who watched, and then 
+carried away the Golden Apples in the Gardens of the 
+Hefperides\ from whence perhaps he is called a Me¬ 
+lius ^ and Apples were offered up in his Sacrifices. 
+When in Bceotia no Bull (or Sheep) could be procured 
+at the Time of Sacrifice, they took an Apple, and 
+ftruckinto it four Straws, which reprefented four Legs, 
+and two others inftead of Horns, and again another for 
+a Tail, and offered Hercules this Apple inflead of a 
+
+
+Viaim. 
+
+
+XII. Laftly, he was commanded by Eurijlheus to 
+go down into Hell, and bring away from thence the 
+Dog Cerberus . This he performed without Delay, and 
+bound the Pree-headed Monjler in a triple Chain ; and 
+by Force brought with him up to the Earth the Dog, 
+who flrove and refilled in vain. When Cerberus faw 
+
+
+the Light, he vomited, and from thence the poifonous 
+Herb b Wolfs Bane fprang. Thefe are the twelve 
+Labours of Hercules. 
+
+P. Pray, Sir, let me a little interrupt you now, fincc 
+I have been filent fo long. Pray firft fatisfy thefe 
+two Scruples. Why could not Ju?iOj his Enemy, 
+hinder his Birth ? Secondly, I know that many mention 
+more than twelve Labours of Hercules . 
+
+
+M . What you call an Interruption, Palceophilus , h 
+both fea Ton able and acceptable to me ; becaufe it recalls 
+a Thing to my Memory that I had forgot, and gives me 
+an Occafion of mentioning fomething which ought not 
+to be omitted : Know, therefore, that funo defigned 
+to kill him in his Mother’s Womb, or die deftroy him 
+
+
+a Grace fignificat malum vel pomum. b Aco- 
+
+nitum. 
+
+
+inimc- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. .301 
+
+immediately after his Birth; and, to perform it, con¬ 
+trived a Plot: But Alc? 7 iena’s Servant, Galanthis , pre¬ 
+vented it 5 for fhe cheated Juno> and told her, that Alc~ 
+menu had brought forth a Son. Juno believed her, and, 
+thinking that her Contrivances were ineffectual, fhe 
+defifted ; and then Alcmena brought forth Hercules* 
+without Trouble. But the Deceit of Galanthis was 
+punifhed ; for fhe was turned into a a Weafelj and, 
+becaufe Galanthis offended by her Mouth, therefore 
+the Weafel brings forth her Young at her Mouth, 
+with great Pain and Anguifh. 
+
+As for the Labours of Hercules , I cohfefs, that they 
+were more than twelve (though thefe principally were 
+called Hercules's Labours .) If you pleafe, we will con¬ 
+tinue our Account of him thus. 
+
+XIII. He vanquifhed the enormous Giant Antaus* 
+
+.the Son of the Earth, who was above fixty-four Cu¬ 
+bits high. He was barbarous to all Strangers, for he 
+forced them to wreftlc with him, and then choaked 
+them. Hercules threw this Giant down thrice, and 
+perceived that he recovered new Strength as oft as he 
+touched the Earth ; wherefore he lifted him in his Arms 
+"from the Ground, and pinched and fqueezed him till 
+he burft and died. . . .. 
+
+XIV. Buftris the Tyrant ufed to facrifice all the 
+Strangers, which he caught, to his Father Neptune* 
+till Hercules facrificed both him and his Son upon the 
+fame Altar. 
+
+XV. He killed the Giants, Albion and Bergion* who 
+intended to flop his Journey : And when, in the Fight, 
+his Arrows were confumed, fo that he wanted Arms, 
+b he prayed to Jupiter , and obtained from him a Shower 
+of Stones, with which he defeated and put to Flight 
+his Adverfaries. This, they fay, happened in that 
+fart of France , c which was anciently called Gallia 
+NarbonenJis ; which Place is called ,l the Stony Plain. 
+
+a Mullein. Grace yuhiv dicitur. b Cato in Orig. 
+
+c Mela, 1 . 26. Georg. ,J Campus Lapideus. 
+
+XVI. When 
+
+
+302 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+* 
+
+XVI. When Atlas was weary of his Burden, Hereto 
+•hs took the Heavens upon his own Shoulders. 
+
+XVII. He overcame the Robber .Cacus , who fpit 
+Fire ; and ftrangled him. 
+
+XVIII. He (hot the Eagle that devoured the Liver 
+of Prometheus , as he lay chained to the Rock. 
+
+XIX. He iAz'wTheodamus, the Father of Hylas , be- 
+caufe he denied to give him Vidluals : But he took 
+Hylas with him, and was very kind to him. 
+
+XX. He delivered a Hejione , Daughter of Laomedon , 
+King of Troy*, from the Whale (to which Sea-Mon- 
+fler ihe was expofed) in this Manner : He raifed on a 
+fudclen a Bank in the Place where Heftone was to be 
+devoured, and b flood armed before it \ and when the 
+Whale came feeking his Prey, Hercules leaped into his 
+Mouth, and. Aiding down into his Belly, he fpent three 
+Days in tearing the Monfter’s Belly ; but at length he 
+bur ft through fafe, and loft his Hair. Laomedon , after 
+this, broke his Word, and refufed to give Hercules the 
+Reward he promifed 5 wherefore, he took by Force, 
+and pillaged the City of Troy, giving to Telamon , who 
+fltrft mounted the Wall, the Lady Hejione , as a Part 
+of the Booty. 
+
+m XXI. He overcame Achelous , the Son of Occanus and 
+Terra (they fought for Deianira , who was betrothed to 
+them both) though Achelous firft turned himfelf into 
+a Serpent, then into a Bull: For, plucking one of his 
+Horns off, he obliged him to yield. Achelous pur- 
+chafed his Horn again, giving Amalthed* s Horn in its 
+Stead. The Meaning whereof is this: Achelous is a 
+River of Greece, whofe Courfe winds like a Scfpcnt; 
+its Stream is fo rapid, that it makes Furrows where it 
+flows, and a Noife like the Roaring of a Bull (and 
+indeed it is common, among the Poets, to compare a 
+River to a Bull.) This River divided itfelf into two 
+
+
+3 Ovid. Me tarn. 1 x. b Andrrctus Tenedi in Navig. Prop, 
+
+Streams* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 303 
+
+* 
+
+Streams, but Hercules with Banks forced it into one 
+Channel, u e . he broke off one of the Horns or Streams. 
+The Bands thus drained became fertile ; fo that Hercu¬ 
+les is faid to have received the Horn of Plenty. 
+
+XXII. Deianira was Daughter of Oeneus , King of 
+Mtolia: Hercules carried her to be married, and they 
+were flopped by a River: But the Centaur Nejfus prof¬ 
+fered to carry Deianira over upon his Back, NeJJiis , 
+when fhe was over, endeavoured to ravifh her ; which 
+Hercules obferving while he fwam, fhot him with an 
+Arrow. When NeJJiis was dying, he gave Deianira 
+his bloody Coat, and told her, if a Hufband wore that 
+Coat, he would never follow unlawful Amours. The 
+credulous Lady long after experimented the Virtue of 
+it, far otherwise than fhe expe&ed ; For Hercules , who 
+had furmounted fo many and fo great Labours, was at 
+length overcome by the Charms of Omphale Queen of 
+Lydia : He ferved her, and changed his Club into a 
+Diftaff, and his Arrows into a Spindle. His Love alfo 
+to lole, Daughter of Eurytus> King of Oechalia , brought 
+on him DeftruAion. For his Wife Deianira , being 
+defirous of turning him from unlawful Amours, fent 
+him Nejfus’s Coat to put on when he went to facrifice; 
+which drove him into fuch Diftraflion, that he burned 
+himfelf on the Pile he had raifed, and was accounted 
+ariiong the Number of the Gods.- 
+
+
+C H A P. II. 
+
+Jason. 
+
+ASON y Son of JEfon , King of TbeJJalia and Aid- 
+J ?nede y was an Infant when his Father died, fo that 
+His Uncle Pclias adminiftered the Government. When 
+he came to Age, he demanded Pofleflion of the Crown : 
+Hut Pclias advifed him to go to Colchis , under Pretence 
+
+of 
+
+
+
+$OJ r Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+of gaining the Golden Fleece then, but indeed to kill 
+him with the Labour and Danger of the Journey. 
+
+P, What Golden Fleece was that ? 
+
+M . It was the Hide of a Ram? of a white or a purple 
+Colour, which was given to Phryxus , Son of Atha- 
+mas“* nd Nephele , by his Mother. Phryxus and his Sif¬ 
+ter Helle> fearing the Defigns of their Step-Mother Ino, 
+got on this Ram to fave themfelves by Flight. But, 
+while they fwam over the narroweft Part of Pontus , 
+Us lie , affrighted at the Toiling of the Waves, fell down; 
+whence the Sea was named the Hellefpont . Phryxus 
+was carried over fafe, and went to /Eta y King of CoU 
+chisf ^ Gentry, o-f Afta y near the Pontus y where he was 
+kindly received, and facrificed the Ram to Jupiter y or 
+Mars, who afterwards placed it among the Conftella- 
+iions. Only his Hide or Fleece was hung up in a Grove 
+facred to Mars . It was called the Golden Fleece , be- 
+caufe it was of a Golden Colour, and guarded by Bulls, 
+that breathed Fire from their Noftriis, and by a vaft 
+and watchful Dragon, as a facred and Divine Pledge, 
+and as a Thing of the greateft Importance. 
+
+P. Did Jafon carry away that Fleece ? . 
+
+M. Yes. He went on board a Ship called Argo, from 
+the Builder of that Name; and, chufing forty-nine noble 
+Companions, who, from the Ship, were called Argonau- 
+tcs y [among whom were Hercules , Orpheus , Cajlor and 
+Pollux) in his Voyage be vifited Hypfiphile , Queen of 
+Lc??mos y who had Twills by him. Then, after a long. 
+Voyage, and many Dangers, he arrived at Colchis , and 
+demanded the Golden Fleece of King JEta y who granted 
+his Requeft, on Condition that he tamed the Bulls that 
+guarded it, whole Feet were of Brafs, and who breathed 
+Fire; and killed the Dragon, and Towed his Teeth in 
+the Ground; and, laftly, deftroyed the Soldiers, which 
+fprung from the Ground where thefe Teeth were fown. 
+jafon undertook the Thing on thefe Conditions, and 
+was delivered from manifeft Deftru£lion, by the Affift- 
+ance of Media, the King’s Daughter, who was in Love 
+
+with 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 3 o £ 
+
+With him. For, obferving her Dire&ions, he over¬ 
+came the Bulls, laid the Dragon afleep, carried away 
+the Fleece, and fled by Night, carrying Medea with him, 
+whom he after married. 
+
+P. What did King /Eta do then ? 
+
+M . He purfued them \ but Medea , to flop his Pur- 
+fuit, tore her Brother Abfyrtus- (who went with her) in 
+Pieces, and flattered his Limbs on the Road. , Wheri 
+her Father faw the torn Members of his Son, he flop¬ 
+ped to gather them up : So Jafon and the Argonautce. 
+returned to their own Country, where Medea by her 
+Charms reftored Jafon* s Father, the old decrepid JE- 
+foil, to Youth again $ though fome fay that /Efon died 
+before their Return. The Daughters of Pelias were 
+affefied fo by this miraculous Cure, that (defiring that* 
+their Father might receive the like Benefit) they were 
+eafily induced, through miftaken Duty, and unfkilful 
+Kindnefs, to tear their Father in Pieces ; foolifhly and 
+ridiculoufly hoping that he, like JEfon 9 would become 
+young again. After this 'Jafon hated Medea , and di- 
+vorcinghimfelf from her, he married Creufa, the Daugh-: 
+ter of Creon , King of Corinth : And Medea , to revenge 
+his Perfidioufnefs, not only murdered the two Chil¬ 
+dren, that fhe had by him, in his own Sight ; but in 
+the next Place, inclofing Fire in a little Box, fhe fent 
+it to CreUfa , who opened the Box, and by the Fire, 
+which burft out of it, was burnt, together with the 
+whole Court. After fhe had done this, the admirable 
+Sorcerefs flew by Magic Art to Athens . Some write, 
+that fhe was again reconciled to Jafon . But what has 
+been faid is enough for this Heroe j let us proceed to 
+another. 
+
+
+CHAP, 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+t 
+
+If 
+
+
+CHAP III. 
+
+Theseus. 
+
+► 
+
+HO were the Parents ofTbefeus? 
+
+VV Ad* Mthra was his Mother, and Mgm 
+ICing of Athens his Father. Minos King of Crete made 
+War againft JEgeus, becaufe the Atbeiiians had difho- 
+nourably and barbaroufly killed his Son, who carried 
+the Prize in the Games from them all. When he had 
+banifhed the Athenians , he impofed this fevere Condi¬ 
+tion upon them, that they fliould fend feven of the 
+moft noble Youths of their Country into Crete by Lot 
+every Year. In the fourth Year the Lot fell upon 
+Tbefeus , which mightily grieved and troubled his Fa¬ 
+ther Aigeus . Tbefeus went on board a Ship, whofe Sails 
+and Tackle were black, and received this Command 
+from his Father: If by the propitious Providence of 
+Heaven he efcaped the Dangers, and did return fafc 
+unto his own Country again, that then he fhould 
+change his black Sails into white ones, that his Father, 
+being aflured of his Safety by that Signal, might be 
+fenfible of that Happinefs as foon as might be. 
+
+P. And what was the Event of that Voyage ? 
+
+M . The Event was fortunate to "Thefeus $ but very 
+unfortunate to his Father /Egeus: For, when Thefeus 
+came to Crete, he was fhut up in the Labyrinth ; but 
+he flew the Minotaur , and efcaped out of that inextri¬ 
+cable Prifon by the Help of Ariadne . After this he fet 
+Sail for Athens in the fame mournful Ship in which he 
+came to Crete , but forgot to change his Sails, accord¬ 
+ing to the InftrudHons which his Father had given him ; 
+fo that, when his Father beheld from a Watch-Tower 
+the Ship returning with black Sails, he imagined that 
+bis Son was dead, and calt himfelf head-long into the 
+
+Sea, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 307 
+
+Sea, which was afterwards called * the Mgean Sea* 
+from his Name and Deftiny. 
+
+p . Who was that Ariadne P 
+
+She was the Daughter of Minos, King of Crete. 
+She was violently in Love with Thefeus^ and delivered 
+him b out of the Labyrinth by the Means of a Thread. 
+She followed him in his Return to the Iiland of Naxus 9 
+and there Thefeus perfidioufly and ungratefully left her* 
+But Bacchus pitied her miferable Condition, and mar¬ 
+ried her; and gave her a Crown that was illuminated 
+with feven Stars, which he had before received from 
+Venus. This Crown was called Gnofjia Corona, and 
+Ariadne herfelf was furnamed GnoJJis , from the City of 
+that Nafrie in Crete. After the Death of Ariadne , the 
+fame was carried among the Stars, and made a Con- 
+ltd I a ti on in the Heavens. It was thought that Diana 
+caufed the Death of Ariadne , becaufe fhe preferved not 
+her Virginity. 
+
+P. What great Actions did Thefeus perform ? 
+
+M. His Adiions were fo famous* that they account¬ 
+ed him one of the Hercules's. For, I. He killed the 
+Minotaitr. 2. He overcame the Centaurs. 3. He van-* 
+
+quiflied the ’Thebans . 4. He defeated the Amazons. 
+
+He went down into Hell; and returned back into tha 
+World again; 
+
+P. Why did he go down into Hell ? 
+
+M. He and Piriihous , his moft intimate Friend, the 
+lawful Son of Ixion v which he had by his Wife, agreed 
+never to marry any Woman except Jupiter s Daugh¬ 
+ters. Thefeus married Helena , the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
+ter and Leda 9 and none of Jupiter's Daughters remain¬ 
+ed on* Earth for Piriihous \ whcrefoie they both wpnt 
+down into Hell tofteal Proferpine away from her Huf- 
+band Pluto. As foon as they entered Hell, Pirithous 
+was unfortunately torn in Pieces by the Dog Cerberus , 
+
+
+
+yKgcum mare. 
+
+
+
+b Propen. 1 . JLleg. 17. 
+
+X 2 
+
+
+3° 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+but ' Tbefeus came alive into the Palace of Pluto , who 
+fettered him, and kept him till Hercules was fent into 
+Hell by Eurijibeus to refcue him. 
+
+P. And who were thofe Amazons that you mention¬ 
+ed juft now ? 
+
+M. They were Women animated with the Souls and 
+Bravery of Men; a military Race inhabiting that Part 
+of Scythia* which is walhed by the River Tana'ts, They 
+were called Amazons , a either becaufe they cut off one 
+of their Breafts, or b becaufe they lived together with¬ 
+out the Society of Men. They were a Nation of Wo¬ 
+men ; who, that the Country might have Inhabitants, 
+and not be depopulated when the prefent Race of Wo¬ 
+men died* admitted the Embraces of the neighbouring 
+Men, and had Children by them: They killed the Boys 
+at their Birth, but brought up the Girls: They cut off 
+their right Breaft, that they might more conveniently 
+ufe their Hands in fhooting their Arrows, and brandilh- 
+ing their Weapons againft their Enemy. Thefe female 
+Warriors, by their frequent Excurfions, became Pof- 
+feffbrs of a great Part of Afia , when Hercules , accom¬ 
+panied with Tbefeus , made War upon them, and de¬ 
+feated them ; and, taking Hyppolyte their Queen Pri- 
+foner* gave her in Marriage to The feus . 
+
+1 Tbefeus had by Hippolyte his Son Hyppolytus , who was 
+very beautiful, and mightily addi&ed to Hunting, and 
+a remarkable Lover of Chajlity : For, when c Phadra> 
+his Step-Mother (the Daughter of King Minos , whom 
+Tbefeus had preferred to her Sifter Ariadne) folicited him 
+to commit Wicltednefs, when he was grown a Man* 
+he refufed to comply. This Repulfe provoked her fo 
+much, that, when her Hufband returned, fhe accufcd 
+him wrongfully, as if he had offered to ravifli her. 
+Tbefeus gives Ear to this wicked Woman, and believes 
+her Untruth againft his Son Hyppolytus , who perceiving 
+
+
+< a privative & mamma, b Ab upu fimul & ( 
+vivt:re. c Ovid, in Ep, Phaxlr, 
+
+
+*4 
+
+
+It, 
+
+
+P3 .XXIV. 
+
+
+7La<je.3PQ 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 309 
+
+it, fled away in his Chariot. In his Flight he met fe- 
+veral monftrous Sea-Calves, which frighted his Horfes 
+fo that they threw him out of his Seat, his Feet were 
+entangled in the Harnefs, and he was dragged through 
+the Thickets of a Wood, and torn to Pieces miferably. 
+JEfculapius afterwards, at the Requeft of Diana y re- 
+ftored him to Life again. But he however left Greece , 
+and came into Italy , where changing his Name, he 
+called himfelf Virbius , a becaufe he had been a Man twice. 
+Pbesdra was gnawn with the Stings of her own Con- 
+fcience, and hanged herfelf. And, not long after, The- 
+feus , being baniflhed from his Country, ended an illuf- 
+trious Life with an obfeure Death. 
+
+
+
+* <2uod vir bis eflet. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+Castor, and Pollux. 
+
+P. \ "KT H O are thofe two handfome, beautiful, 
+V V young Men that ride upon white Horfes ? 
+
+M. They are Twin Brothers,. b the Sons of "Jupiter 
+and Lida ; their Names are Gajior and Pollux . 
+
+P. What Leda was that ? 
+
+M. The Wife of Tyndarus King of Laconia , whom 
+Jupiter loved, but could not fucceed in his Amour till 
+ne changed himfelf into a Swan ; c which Swan was 
+afterwards made a Conflellation. In this Form he 
+gained the mutual Love of Leda , by the Svveetnefs of his 
+Singing ; and flying into her Bofom, as it were, that he 
+might fecure himfelf from the Violence of an Eagle, 
+which purfued him, he enjoyed her, though flic was 
+then big with Child by her Hufband. Leda brought 
+
+
+Pind. in Pythag. 
+
+
+Manil. i. Aflron 
+
+
+x 3 
+
+
+forth 
+
+
+3 1 
+
+forth two Eggs which were hatched, and produced th« 
+Twin-Brothers which you fee. 
+
+P . You mean, that one came out of one Egg, and 
+the other out of the other Egg. 
+
+No $ out of the Egg which Leda had conceived 
+by '‘Jupiter , came Pollux and Helena , who fprang from 
+divine Seed, and were therefore immortal. But out of 
+the other, which Hie conceived by Tyndarus her Huf- 
+band,* came Cajlor and Clytemnejlra , who were mortal, 
+becaufe they were begotten by a mortal Father. Yet 
+both Cajlor and Pollux are frequently called Tyndarida 
+by the Poets, as Helena is alfo called Tyndaris , from the 
+fame King Tyndarus 
+
+P . What memorable Adfions did Cajlor and Pollux 
+.do ? 
+
+did They both accompanied Jafon , when he failed to 
+Colchis ; and, when he returned from thence, recover¬ 
+ed their Sifter Helena fromThefcus, who had ftolen her, 
+by overcoming the Athenians that fought for him, to 
+■whom their Clemency and Humanity was fo great af¬ 
+ter the Defeat, that the Athenians called them b the Som 
+of Jupiter ; from whence white Lambs were offered up¬ 
+on their Altars. 
+
+c But although they were born both at the fame 
+Birth, and, as Tome think, out of the fame Egg, yet 
+their Tempers were different, 
+
+P. What End had they ? 
+
+M . Cajlor , being (as fome fay) a mortal Perfon, was 
+killed by Lynccus: Whereupon Pollux prayed to Jupi¬ 
+ter to re (lore him to Life again, and confer an lnmiorta - 
+lity upon him : But this could not be granted. PIow- 
+
+
+o Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+n i Hor. Sat, b AiZcrxypoi, id eft, Jovis filii, Horn, in 
+H y m n. 
+
+c Cajlor gaudet eqais : Oajoprognccttis codcfn , 
+
+Puguis : quot capitwn njinjuut^ tot idem in Jludioruw 
+
+Millin. 
+
+As many Men, fo many their Delights. 
+
+
+ever 
+
+
+? 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 311 
+
+C\rer, be obtained Leave to divide his Immortality be¬ 
+twixt himfelf and his Brother Cajior. And thence it 
+came to pafs, a that they lived afterwards by Turns e- 
+very other Day, or, as others fay, every other Fort¬ 
+night. After the Death of Cajior , a Kind of Pyrthick y 
+or Dance in Armour , was inftituted to his' Honour 5 
+which was performed by young Men armed, and cal¬ 
+led b Gajiod s Dance. 
+
+At length they both were tranflated into the Hea¬ 
+vens, and made a Conftellation, which is ftill called 
+Gemini; and when one of them rifes, the other fets. 
+Sailors efteem thefe Stars lucky and prosperous to fhem, 
+c becaufe when the Argonauts were driven by a vio¬ 
+lent Tempeft, two lambent Flames fettled upon the 
+Heads of Cajior and Pollux , and a Calm immediately 
+enfued \ and from thence a Virtue more than human 
+was thought to be lodged in thefe Youths: But, if 
+only one Flame appeared, they called it Flelena y and it 
+was efteemed fatal and deftruflive to Mariners. 
+
+There was a famous Temple dedicated to Cajior and 
+Pollux in the Forum at Rome $ for it was believed, that, 
+in the dangerous Battle of the Romans with the Latins , 
+they aflilled the Romans , riding upon white Horfes. 
+
+From hence came that Form of fwearing by 1 the 
+Temple of Cajior , which Women only ufed, faying* 
+
+1 JEcaJior , whereas, when Men fwore, they ufualiy 
+fwore by tlercules , ufing the Words, c Hercule , HerdeJ 
+Hercules , Mehcrcules , Mehercule . But both Men and 
+
+
+a Sic fratrem Pollux altcrna morte red emit, 
+
+Jtqne red it quo njiam. Virg. ^En. 6« 
+
+Thus Pollux, offering his alternate Life, 
+
+Could free his Brother. They did daily go 
+By Turns aloft, by Turns defeend below. 
+b Win. 1 . 7. c 5.7. ap. Nat. Com. c Hor 1 . 3. Carm. 
+4 ^Ecallor, & A^dcpol, id eft, per redein Gallons & Poilucis. 
+c Pa Him apud Terent. Plant, Gicer. &'c. 
+
+X 4 
+
+
+Wo- 
+
+
+312 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Women fwore by the Temple of Pollux , ufing the 
+Word /Edepol , an Oath common to them both. 
+
+P. But what became of Clytetnnefira ? 
+
+J\d . Clyte? 7 inejlra was married to Agamemnon % whom, 
+.after his Return from the Siege of Troy, {he killed, by 
+the Help of (with whom in the mean Time 
+
+ihe lived in Adultery j.) (he attempted alfo to kill his 
+Son Orejics , which {he had done, a if his Sifter Eleftra 
+had not delivered him at the very Point of Deftrudtion, 
+fending him privately to j Strophtus King of Phocis ; 
+where after he had lived twelve Years, he had returned 
+into his own Country, and flew both Glytemnejlra and 
+JEgt/lhus. He killed alfo Pyrrhus in the. Temple of 
+Apollo ; becaufe he had carried away Hermione , the 
+Daughter, of Menehus , who was firft betrothed to 0 - 
+rejles % Wherefore the Furies tormented him, neither 
+could be obtain Deliverance from them, till he had 
+expiated his Wickednefsat the Altar of Diana Taurica , 
+whither; he was conduced by Pylades his Friend, his 
+perpetual Companion, and his Partner in all his Dan¬ 
+gers ; b whofe Friendfhip was fo clofe and facred, that 
+
+either of them would die for the other. 
+
+% 
+
+P. Who was that Diana Taurica ? 
+
+M. The Goddefs Diana , that was worfhipped in 
+\Taurica Chcrfoncfus or Gherroncfus , a Peninfula fo called 
+from th eTauriy an ancient People of Scythia Europaa . 
+c This Goddefs was worihipped with hu?nan ViSlbns , 
+the Lives and the Blood of Men were facrificed to 
+her. When Orcjles came thither, Iphigenia his Sifter, 
+the Daughter of Agamemnon , was Prieftefs to Diana 
+Taurica j {lie was made Prieftefs on the following .Oc- 
+cafion. 
+
+Aganwnnon , King of the Argtvi , was, by the com¬ 
+mon Confent of the Grecians , appointed General in 
+
+
+
+a Sophocl. in Elc£h*. E.uripid. in Orcfl. 
+amicitia. c Euripicl. in Jphig. in Taur. 
+
+
+b Cicero de 
+
+tli c i r 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 313 
+
+-their Expedition againft Troy\ and, as I faid before, af¬ 
+ter the War was ended, and 'Troy taken, was killed when 
+he returned home by his own Wife Clytemnejira . This 
+Agamemnon killed a Deer by Chace, in the Country of 
+Aults, which belonged to Diana $ the Goddefs was an¬ 
+gry, and caufed fuch a Calm, that for Want of Wind 
+the Grecian Ships bound for Troy were fixed and im¬ 
+moveable : Hereupon they confulted the Soothfayers, 
+whoanfwered, a that they muft.fatisfy the Winds, and 
+Dictna , with fome of the Blood of Agamemnon . Where¬ 
+fore Vlyjfes was forthwith fent to bring away Iphigenia 
+the Daughter of Agamemnon , from her Mother, by a 
+Trick, under the Pretence of marrying her to Achilles * 
+And whilft the young Lady ftood at the Altar to be fa- 
+crificed, the Goddefs pitied her, and fubftituted a Hind 
+in her Stead, and fent her into Taurica Cherfonefus ; 
+where, by the Order of King Thyas , file prefided over 
+thofe Sacrifices of the Goddefs, which were folemnized 
+with human Blood . And, when Orefles was brought 
+thither by the Inhabitants to be facrificed, he was 
+known and preferved by his Sifter. After which Thyas 
+was killed, and the Image of Diana , which lay hid a- 
+mongft a Bundle of Sticks , was carried away ; and from 
+hence Diana was called Fafcelts , from Fafcis , a Bundle . 
+
+% 
+
+a Eurip. in Jphig. in Taur. 
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Perseus. 
+
+pErfeus was the Son of Jupiter , by Danae , the 
+�� Daughter of Acrifws , b who was fhut by her 
+Father in a very ftrong Tower, where no Man could 
+
+
+b Paufan. in Corinth. 
+
+
+come 
+
+
+
+3*4 Q/' tbc Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+come to her ; becaufe her Father had been told by 
+an Oracle , that he (hould be killed by his own Grand- 
+child. But nothing is impregnable to Love.: For, Ju¬ 
+piter , by changing himfelf into a Shower of Gold , de¬ 
+scended through the Tiles into the Lady’s Bofom, 
+(and who would refufe to open it to a Shower of that 
+Value?) and, when he had enjoyed her, he left her 
+with a full' Pur-fe and a big Belly. a Horace tells the 
+Story very ingenioufly. • 
+
+As foon as Acrifius had heard that his Daughter had 
+brought forth a Son, he. ordered that (he and the In¬ 
+fant fhould be fhut up hi a Chcft, and thrown into the 
+Sea, where a Fifherm^n found them, and took them 
+out, and prefentcd them to King Pilumnus \ who mar¬ 
+ried Danacy and brought up her Son, whom he called 
+Per feus, 
+
+PerfeuSy when he was a grown Man, received from 
+Mercury z Scythe of Adamant, and Wings, which he 
+fixed to his Feet: Pluto gave him a Helmet, and Mi¬ 
+nerva a Shield of Brafs, fo bright, that it refle£ted the 
+Images of Things, like a Looking-Glafs. 
+
+
+a Inc!if ant Dana'tn turns ah cue a 
+Robujlccque fores , & njigilum camwt 
+Trifles excub'ue munierant fatis 
+NoSiurnis ah adulter is : 
+
+Si non Aerifium, rvirghiis abdifse * • • - 
+Cuflodem pawidum , Jupiter & Venus 
+Riflflbit: fore mini tutum iter & patens , 
+
+Connjcrfo in pretium Deo. Hor. Carm. 1 . 3. 16, 
+
+Within a brazen Tower immur’d, 
+
+By Dogs and Centinels fecur’d, 
+
+From "Midnight Itevels and Intrigues of Love, 
+
+Fair Dcmae was kept within her Guardian’s Pow’r ; 
+But gentle Venus frnil’d, and amorous Jove 
+Knew he could foon unlock the Door, 
+
+And by his Art fucccfsfui prove, 
+
+Chang’d to a frolden Show’r. 
+
+Firfl, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 315 
+
+Fir ft, he a delivered Andromeda , the Daughter of C<?- 
+pbeusy King of Ethiopia , when fhe was bound by the 
+Ny7X)phs to a Rock to be devoured by a Sea-Monfter, 
+becaufe her Mother proudly preferred her Beauty to 
+theirs : and when he had delivered her, he took her 
+to Wife. After which both the Mother CaJJiope , or 
+CaJJiopeia , and the Daughter, and the Son-in-Law, 
+were placed amongft the CdeJUal Confidlation s. His 
+next Expedition was againft the Gorgones , of whom we 
+have fpoken before. Fie encountered with Medufa 9 
+their Princefs ; Snakes fupplied the Place of Hair on 
+her Head. He faw the Image of her Head by the 
+Blightnefs of his Shield, and by the favourable Aflift- 
+ance of Pallas ftruck it off; and afterwards fixed it upon 
+a Shield, and, by fhe wing it, he afterwards turned ma¬ 
+ny Perfons into Stone. Atlas was turned, by the Sight 
+of it, into the Mountain in Mauritania of that Name; 
+becaufe he rudely refufed to entertain Perfeus. When 
+Medufa's Head was cut off, the Horfe Pegafus fprang 
+from the Blood which was filed on the Ground : He is 
+fo called from Tiny* \Pege\ a Fountain , b becaufe he was 
+born near the Fountains of the Sea. This Horfe had 
+Wings; and flying over the Mountain Helicon , he 
+ffiuck it with his Hoof, and opened a Fountain, which 
+they called in Greek Hippocrene ; and in Latin , Fons 
+Caballinus ; that is, the Horfe-Fountain. But after¬ 
+wards, while he drank at the Fountain Pyrene in Co~ 
+rinthy where Bdlcrophon prepared himfelf for his Expe¬ 
+dition againft the Chhnccra , he was by him taken and 
+kept. 
+
+Bellerophon's fir ft Name was Hipponous ; c becaufe 
+he firft taught the Art of governing Horfcs with a Bri¬ 
+dle. But when he had killed Bel Ur us , a King of Co- 
+rintb , he was afterwards called Bdlerophontes . This 
+Billetophon , the Son of Glaucus, King of Ephyra^ was 
+
+i .. .. .. . . . i« —— , . . - - 
+
+:i Propert. 1 . z. Plygin. de fignis cocleflibus, 1 . z. 
+
+h Strabo, 1 . 8. c lta ditttis ab cquis fra;no regen dis. 
+
+? equally 
+
+
+
+316 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+equally beautiful and virtuous ; he refilled all the Temp-* 
+Cations whereby Sthenobaa , the Wife of Prat us > enti¬ 
+ced him to commit Adultery; his Denial provoked her 
+fic, that in Revenge (he accufed the innocent Stranger 
+to her Hufband. Pratus , however* would not violate 
+the Laws of Hofpitality with the Blood of Bellerophon ; 
+-but fent him into Lycia , to his Father-in-Law Jobates^ 
+with Letters, which defired him to punifh Bellerophon 
+as his Crime defierved. fobates read the Letters, and 
+fent him to fight againfi the Solymi , that he might be 
+killed in Battle : But he eafily vanquilhed them, and 
+in many other Dangers, to which he was expofed, he 
+always came off Conqueror. At laft he was fent to 
+kill the Chimara ; which he undertook, and perform¬ 
+ed, when he had procured the Horfe Pegafus , by the 
+Help of Neptune . a Wherefore Jobates admired the 
+Bravery of the Youth, and gave him one of his Daugh¬ 
+ters to Wife, allotting him alfo a Part of his Kingdom. 
+Sthenobaa killed herfelf, when fhe heard this. This 
+laappy Succefs fo tranfported Bellerophon , that he en¬ 
+deavoured to fly upon Pegafus to Heaven; for which 
+
+Z upitcr ftriking him with Madnefs, he fell from his 
+orfe into a Field called Aldus Campus ; b becaufe in 
+that Place Bellerophon wandered up and down blind, to 
+the End of his Life : But Pegafus was placed among the 
+Stars . Some fay that this was the Occafion of the Fable 
+of the Cbrnara. There was a famous Pirate, who 
+ufed to fail in a Ship in whofe Prow was painted a 
+Lion, in the Stern a Dragon, and in the Body of the 
+Ship a Goat deferibed; and this Pirate was killed by 
+Bellerophon , in a Long-Boat that was called Pegafus . 
+From the Letters which Bellerophon carried to fo- 
+hateSy c comes the Proverb Bellerophon' s Letters ; when 
+any one carries Letters, which he imagines are wrote 
+
+
+a Hosneri Iliad. b Ab ’Afavw erro. c BiXtoitpotpofify* 
+yp'4(j.[ACK]a, Bcllerojohontis Liter# > ufita tills tlifUc, Lit era XJria. 
+
+
+m 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 317 
+
+in his Favour, when they fent to procure his Ruin, 
+And fuch Letters are generally called. The Letters 0/ 
+Uriah . 
+
+
+CHAP. VI. 
+
+JE SCULAPI US. 
+
+H Y are you fo filent, Palaophilus P What 
+VV employs your Thoughts fo long? 
+
+P. I was obferving that a bearded old Man that 
+leans upon his jointed Cane, and is adorned with a 
+Crown of Laurel, and encompafled about with Dogs* 
+Pray, Sir, tell me his Name, who he is and what are 
+his Excellencies. 
+
+M . It is JEfculapius , b the God of the Phyficians and 
+Phyfick, and the Son of Apollo by the Nymph Coronis . 
+He improved the Art of Phyfick, which was before 
+little underflood ; and for that Reafon they accounted 
+him a God. c Apollo fhot the Nymph his Mother 
+when <he was with Child of him \ becaufe fhe admit¬ 
+ted the Embraces of another young Man after he had 
+enjoyed her. But he repented after he had killed her, 
+and opened her Body, and took out the Child alive, 
+and delivered him to be educated by the Phyfician Chi- 
+ron , d who taught him his own Art: The Youth made 
+fo great a Progrefs in it, that, becaufe he reftorec! Health 
+to the Sick, and Safety to thofc whofc Condition was 
+defperate, he was thought to have a Power of recalling 
+the Dead to Life again. Whereupon Pluto^ the King 
+of Hell, c complained to Jupiter very much that his 
+Revenue was diminifhed, and his Subjefts taken from 
+him by means of Mfculapius; and, at length, by his 
+
+
+;i Lucian, in Jove Trag. u Cicero 2 leg. Corn. Cclfus. 
+c Ilomcr in IJyinri. d Ovid, 1. Met. c Virg. 7. /iin. 
+
+Per#- 
+
+
+
+31B Of the Gods of the Heat bent. 
+
+Perfuaflon Jupiter killed him with a Stroke of Thun* 
+der. 
+
+He wears a Crown of Laurel ; a becaufe that Tree 
+is powerful in curing many Difeafes. By the Knots in 
+his Staff is fignified the Difficulty of the Study of Pby- 
+Jick . He hath Dogs painted about him, and Dogs in 
+his Temple ; becaufe many believe that he was born 
+of uncertain Parents, and expofed, and afterwards nou- 
+rifhed by a Bitch. b Others fay, that a Goat, which 
+was purfued by a Dog, gave Suck to the forfaken In¬ 
+fant 5 and that the Shepherds faw a lambent Flame play¬ 
+ing about his Head, which was the Prognoftication of 
+his future Divinity. After that the Cyrcnians ufed to 
+offer a Goat to him in the Sacrifices ; either becaufe 
+he was nourifhed by a Goat, as was laid, c or becaufe 
+a Goat is always in a Fever ; and therefore a Goafs 
+Conflitution is very contrary to Health. a Plato fays, 
+that they ufed to facrifice Dunghill-cocks to him, which 
+is the mofl vigilant of all Birds $ for of all Virtues prin¬ 
+cipally Wakefulnefs is necefiary to a Phyfician. 
+
+P. Where was he particularly worfhipped ? 
+
+Jkt. At Epidaurus c firft, where he was born: After¬ 
+wards at Rome ; becaufe, when he was fent for thither, 
+he delivered the City from a dreadful Peftilence. For 
+Which Reafon f a Temple was dedicated to him in an 
+Ifland in the Mouth of the Fibcr^ where he was wor¬ 
+fhipped under the Form of a great Serpentj for, when 
+the Romans came to Epidaurus to tranfport the God 
+from thence, a great Serpent entered into the Ship: 
+and they, believing it to be /Efculapius y brought it to 
+Rome with them. Others tell the Story thus : When 
+the Romans were received by the People of Epidaurus 
+with all Kindnefs, and were carried into the Temple 
+
+
+* Vide Fcftum. b Laflant. de falf. relig, Paufan. in 
+Corinth* c Didym.l. 3. apndNat. (1 Com. In Phaxlone. 
+* lav. 1 . 45. & 1 . io. Fieri Epitome 1 . 11. f Sueton. in 
+Claud, c. 2 c. 
+
+of 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 3 t 
+
+ef ZEfculapius\ the Serpent, under whofe Image they 
+worshipped that God, went voluntarily into the Ship 
+of the Romans . 
+
+I can tell you nothing of the Children of / Ufadaplus , 
+except tHeir Names. He had two Sons called Adackaon 
+and Podalirius , both famous Phyficians, who followed 
+Agamemnon , the General of the Grecians , to the 'Trojan 
+War, and were very ferviceable amongft the Soldiers, 
+And two Daughters :i Hyg'uea or Sanitas (though fome 
+think this was not his Daughter, but his Wife) and 
+Jafo. 
+
+P. Is there nothing remarkable concerning his 
+Matter Chiron P 
+
+M . Since you afk, I will tell you, that he was a 
+Centaur , and the Son of Saturn , and Phyllyra ; for, when 
+Saturn embraced that Nymph, he fuddenly changed 
+himfelf into a Hcrfe, b becaufe his Wife Ops came in, 
+Pbillyra was with Child by him, and brought forth a 
+Creature, in its upper Parts like a Man, in its lower 
+Parts like a Horfe, and called it Chiron ; who, when 
+he grew up, betook himfelf into the Woods; and 
+there learning the Virtue of Herbs, he became a moft 
+excellent Phyfician : For his Skill in Phyfick, and for 
+his other Virtues, which were many, he was appointed 
+Tutor to Achilles , and taught ZEfcidapius Phyfick. At 
+latt, when he handled Hercules ? s Arrows, one of them, 
+dipped in the poifonous Blood of the Lcnuvan Hydra , 
+fell upon his Foot, and gave him a Wound that was 
+incurable, and Pains that were intolerable; infomuch 
+that he defired to die, but could not; becaufe he wa3 
+born of two Immortal Parents. Therefore at length 
+the Gods tranflated him into the Fir?nament , vvheie he 
+now remains ; for he became a Conftellation called 
+Sagittarius , which is placed in the Zodiac. 
+
+
+
+r 
+
+
+a Hygi re a fignificat fanitatem, Sc Jafo 
+fan arc. D ?. Virg. Georg. 1 . 3. 
+
+
+derivntur ab 
+
+
+C H A P. 
+
+
+320 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+% 
+
+Prometheus. 
+
+4 
+
+\ 
+
+jyRometbeus the Son of Japetus , a and the Father of 
+Deucalion,- was the firft (as we find in Hiftory) 
+that formed a Man out of Clay ; which he did with fuch' 
+Art and Skill that Minerva was amazed,-and proffered 
+to procure any thing from Heaven which would any 
+ways compleat his Work. Prometheus anfwered, that 
+he did not know what in Heaven would be ufeful to 
+him, fince he had never feen Heaven. Therefore Mi- 
+nerva carried him up to Heaven * and fhewed him all 
+that there was to be feen. He obferved that the Heat 
+of the Sun would be very'ufeful in animating the Man 
+which he had formed ; wherefore he lighted a Stick 
+by the Whsel of the Sun’s Chariot, and carried it light¬ 
+ed with him to the Earth. This Theft difpleafed Ju¬ 
+piter fo much, that he fent Pandora into the World to 
+Prometheus with a Box that was filled with all Sorts 
+of Evils. But Prometheus , fearing and fufpedting the 
+Matter, refufed to accept it; but his Brother Epime- 
+tbeus was not fo cautious: For he took it and opened 
+it, and all the Evils that were in it flew abroad amongft 
+Mankind. When he perceived what he had done, he 
+immediately {hut the Box again, and by good Fortune 
+hindered Hope from flying away, which ftuck to the 
+Bottom of the Box. You may remember how Tweet 
+ly b Horace fpeaks of this Theft of Prometheus . • 
+
+
+
+
+a Vide Claud. Panegyr. de conf. Hon* 
+
+b /)udax onmia perpeti 
+
+bumana ruit per vetitum nrjhs. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens - 321 
+
+Jupiter punifhed Prometheus in this Manner : He 
+commanded Mercury a to hind him to the Mountain 
+Caucafusy and then he fent an Eagle to him there, which 
+continually gnawed his Liver, x et fome fay , b that he 
+was not punifhed, becaufe he ftole Fire from Heaven* 
+but becaufe he had made Woman, which, they fay, is 
+| the moft pernicious Creature in the World, 
+j To this Nicander adds another Fable. c When 
+, Mankind had received the Fire of Prometheus , fome 
+> ungratefully difeovered this Theft to Jupiter , who gave 
+j them the Gift of perpetual Youth. They put this Gift 
+i upon an Afs’s Back, that it might be brought to the 
+| Earth. The Afs in his Journey was thirfty, and came 
+[ to a Spring to drink; but a Water-Serpent would not 
+| fufFer him, unlefs the Afs- would give him the Burden 
+l which he carried: The Afs gave it him ; and hence it 
+I comes to pafs, that, when the Serpent is old, he cafts 
+| his Skin, and feems to grow young again. 
+t Prometheus had been ferviceable to Jupiter (for he 
+difeovered to. Jupiter his Father Saturn’s Confpiracy, 
+and prevented the Marriage of Jupiter and Thetis 7 
+
+I * . 
+
+
+And ax lapeti genus 
+Ignetnfretude mala gent thus intulit ; 
+
+Poji ignem eetberca domo 
+Subdufhwi, macics & ?iO'Va febrium 
+Terris hicubuit cohors : - 
+Senwtique prius tarda necejjitas 
+
+Lethi corripuit gradum. Hof. Carm. 1. i t 
+
+No Pow’r the Pride of Mortals can controul: 
+
+Prone to new Crimes, by llrong Prefumption clriv’n 
+With facrilegious Hands Pro?nttheas Hole 
+Ccleftial Fire, and bore it down from Heaven; 
+
+The fatal Prefen t brought on mortal Race 
+An Army of Difcafes ; Death began 
+With Vigour then to mend his halting Pace* 
+
+And found a moll compendious Way to Man. 
+
+1 Hefiod. in Theogon. b Menander Poeta. hi Theocr. 
+
+Y which 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+which he forefaw would-be fatal; wherefore Jupiter 
+fuffered Hercules to {hoot the Eagle, and fet Prometheus 
+at Liberty .n 
+
+This perhaps is the Meaning of this Fable,: -Prome¬ 
+theus (whofe Name ia derived a from a Word denoting 
+Forefight and Providence) was a very prudent Perfon : 
+And becaufe .he. reduced. the Men that were before rude 
+and favage to the Precepts of Humanity* he was feign¬ 
+ed from thence to have made Men out. of the Dirt And 
+becaufe he was diligent in obferving the Motions of the 
+Stars from the Mountain Caucafus , therefore they faid 
+that he was chained there. - To which they added, that 
+he flole Fire from the Gods , becaufe he invented the Way 
+of ftriking Fire out of the Flint; or was the firft that 
+difeovered the Nature of Lightning . And laftly, becaufe 
+he applied his Mind to his Study with great Care and 
+Solicitude* b therefore they imagined an Eagle preying 
+•upon his Liver continually. 
+
+P . You faid juft now, that he was the Son of Deu¬ 
+calion ; did you mean him who repaired the Race of 
+Mankind, which was almoft extindl ? 
+
+M. Yes, I mean the fame Deucalion. When he 
+reigned in Theffaly there was fo great a Deluge, that 
+the whole Earth was overflowed by it, and all Mankind 
+entirely deftroyed, excepting only Deucalion and Pyrrho 
+his Wife. Thofe two were carried in a Ship upon the 
+Mountain Parnajfus ; and when the Waters were aba¬ 
+ted, they confulted the Oracle'of Themis, to know by 
+what Means Mankind fhould again be reftored. The 
+Oracle anfwered* that Mankind would be reftored. If 
+they ccijl the Bones of their Great Mother behind, them. By 
+Magna Mater the Orach meant the Earth , and by her 
+Bones, the Stones: Wherefore calling the Stones be* 
+
+
+
+9 
+
+a 'Avrb v?postilac, icl eft, Providentxa, Paufaxn in Eliac. 
+
+ApoL 1. 3 . 
+
+hind 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+hind their Back, a prodigious Miracle enfued; a for 
+thofe Stones that were thrown by Deucalion became 
+Men, and thofe that were thrown by Pyrrha became 
+Women. The Occafioh of which Fable was this : 
+Deucalion and his Wife were very pious, arid by the 
+Example of their Lives, and the SaridUty of their Mari¬ 
+ners, they foftened the Men and Women, who before 
+Were fierce and hard like Stones, into fuch Gentlenefs 
+and Mildnefs, that they obferved the Rules of civil So¬ 
+ciety and good Behaviour. 
+
+
+
+MiJJa *viri ?na7iibus faciem traxere njirorum : ■ 
+
+Et tie fcemineo reparata ejl fcemina jaSlu, 
+
+bide genus durum futntis 9 — - -- - 
+
+Et document a damns quaJi?nus origive nati. Ov. Met. 1. 
+--- And. of the Stones 
+
+
+Thofe thrown by Men the Form of Man endue ; 
+And thofe were Women which the Woman threw 
+
+
+Hence we a hardy Racei iiitrPd to Pk'irf;' 
+Our Adtions our Original explain. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+Atlas. 
+
+is he that fuffains the Heavens upon 
+W .his Shoulders ? 
+
+M. It J s Atlas , King of Mauritania , the Son of 
+Japetus, and Brother of Prometheus ; who was fore¬ 
+warned by an Oracle, that he fhould be aim oft ruined 
+by one of the Sons of Jupiter , and therefore rofolved to 
+give Entertainment to no Stranger at all. At laft Per - 
+ji'its (who was begotten by Jupiter) travelled by Chance 
+through Atlas's Dominions, and defigned, in Civility, 
+to vifit him. But the King excluded him the Court, 
+
+Y 2 which 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+which Inhumanity provoked him To much, that putting 
+his Shield which he carried with him before the Eyes of 
+Atlas , and {hewing him the Head of Medufa , he turned 
+him into the Mountain of his own Name $ which is of 
+fo great Height, that it is believed to touch the a Hea¬ 
+vens. Virgil makes mention of him b in the Fourth 
+Book of his /.Eneids . 
+
+The Reafon why the Poets feigned that Atlas fuf- 
+tained the Heavens on his Shoulders* was this : Atlai 
+was a very famous Aftronomer, and the firft Perfon 
+that underftood and taught the Dodtrineof the Sphere; 
+and on the fame Account the Poet tells us, that his 
+Daughters were turned into Stars. 
+
+P. How many Daughters had he, and what were 
+their Names ? 
+
+M. By his Wife Pleionc c he had feven Daughters, 
+whofe Names were Eleftra , Haley one 0 Celcsno , Mata , 
+AJlerope , Taygete , and 'Merope^ and were called by one 
+common Name, Pleiades: And by his Wife /Ethra , d 
+he had feven other Daughters, and their Names were 
+Ambrofia , Endora y Pafttbeo , Coronis , Plex arts , Pytbo i 
+and Tyche. • Thefe were called by one common Name, 
+Hyades . 
+
+
+a Herodotus in Melpomene. 
+
+h - Ja?nque solans apicem 1$ latcra arduct ccmit 
+
+Atlantis duri , cailumque <vertice fidcit: 
+
+Atlantis cinftum ajjidue cut nubibus atris 
+Piniferum caput , & wento pulfatur £9* imlri : 
+
+Nix bwncros inf if a teg it ; turn Jhimina inento 
+Precipitant finis, dff glacie riget borrida barba. 
+
+Now fees the Top of Atlas , as he flics, 
+
+Whofe brawny I3nck fupports the Harry Skies : 
+
+Atlas , whole Head, with Piny Forefts crown’d, 
+
+Is beaten by the Winds, with foggy Vapours bound ; 
+Snows hide his Shoulders ; from beneath his Chin 
+The Founts of rolling Streams their Race begin. * 
+r Ovid. Faftorum c. d Aratusin Aflron, 
+
+P. Why 
+
+
+/ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 325 
+
+P. Why were thefe latter Daughters called Hyades P 
+
+M ’. From 3 a Word which in the Greek Language 
+fignifies to rain ,' becaufe, when they rife or fet, they 
+caufe great Rain ; and therefore the Latins called them 
+b Sucttlcs (that is. Swine) becaufe the continual Rain, 
+that they caufe, makes the Road fo muddy, that they 
+feem to delight in Dirt, like Swine. c Others derive 
+their Names from Hyas their Brother, who was devour¬ 
+ed by a Lion: His Sifters were fo immoderately afflict¬ 
+ed and grieved at his Death, that Jupiter in Compafflon 
+changed them into feven Stars, which appear in the 
+Head of Taurus . And they are juftly called Hyades , 
+d becaufe Showers of Tears flow from their Eyes to 
+this Day. 
+
+P . Why were the Daughters firft mentioned called 
+Pleiades ? 
+
+M . Their Name is derived from a Greek Word fig— 
+nifying c Sailing . For, when thefe Stars , arif^, they 
+portend good Weather to Navigators. Becaufe they 
+rife in f the Spring-time, the Romans call them Vergt - 
+lies: Although others think that they are called Pleia - 
+des s from their Number , becaufe they never appear An¬ 
+gle, but alltogether, except Merope> who is fcarce ever 
+feen, for (he is afhamed - that fhe married Sifypbus, a 
+mortal Man, when all the reft of the Sifters married 
+Gods. h Others call this obfcure Star Elcftra, becaufe 
+flic held her Hand before her Eyes, and would not look 
+upon the Deftru&ionof Troy, yss'the Hyades were placed 
+
+
+* 'Ano tu v '«»■, id ell, pluerc. 
+
+Navita quas Hyades Grains ab itub re njocat. 
+
+From Rain die Sailors call them Hyades . 
+b Suculm, quemadmodum eas Gnuci vocant vz;, id ell, 
+fties. Aiilus Gcll. 1. 13 . c. 9 . c Euripid.in Jove. * l He- 
+ftodus in Theog. c ’Attotu a navigatido ; commo- 
+
+dum cnim tejnpus navigaiioni ollendnnt. f Virgilue d i Si re 
+a verno tempore quoexoriuntur. •*’> <^uaft ojXrUwc, hoc ell, 
+plure.s, quod minquam lingula: apparent, fed omnes fun ul, 
+h Ovid, Fag, 4. 
+
+
+Y 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+among 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+among the Stars, becaufe they bewailed immoderately 
+the Death of their Brother fly as , fo the Pleiades were 
+tranflated into Heaven, becaufe they inceffantly la¬ 
+mented the hard Fate of their Father Atlas , who was 
+converted into a Mountain. But let us fpeak a little 
+about their TJncle Hefperus. 
+
+Hefperus was the Brother of Atlas> and, becaufe he 
+lived fome Time in Italy , that Country was called an¬ 
+ciently Hefperia from him. He frequently went up to 
+the Top of the Mountain Atlas to view the Stars : At 
+lafthe went up and came down from the Mountain no 
+more. This made the People imagine that he was car- 
+lied up into Heaven, whereupon they worfhipped him 
+as a God ; and called a very bright Star from his 
+Name Hefperus , Hcfper , Hefperugo , Vefper , and Vefperu - 
+go , which is called the Evening Star, which fets after 
+the Sun: But, whenitrifes before the Sun, it is called 
+
+
+<paa<p6p&', [P bojphorus] or Lucifer; that is the Morn¬ 
+ing Star. Farther, this Hefperus had three Daughters, 
+Egle , Prethufa , and Hefpcretbufa ; who, in general, 
+were called the Hefperides. And it was faid, that, in 
+their Gardens, Trees were planted that bore golden 
+Fruit : Thefe Trees were guarded by a watchful Dra¬ 
+gon, which Hercules killed, and carried away the gol¬ 
+den Apples. Hence the Phrafe, a To give fomc of the 
+Apples of the Hefperides, that is, to give a great and 
+fplendid Gift, 
+
+
+3 'HyTr^pWi' chep/lrai, id eft, mala Kcfperidum largiri. 
+
+
+C II A P 
+
+* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+3 2 7 
+
+
+
+C H A P. IX. 
+
+4 M • • 
+
+o rpheus and Amphi.cn, 
+
+Y OU'fee thefe two are drawn in the fame Manner* 
+and almoft in the fame Colours, becaufe they 
+both excelled in the fame Art, namely, in Mufick; in 
+which they were fo fkilful, that by playing on the Harp 
+they moved not only Men, but Beads, and the very 
+Stones themfelves. 
+
+Orpheus, the Son of Apollo, by Calliope the Mufe, with . 
+the Harp that he received from his Father played and 
+fang fo'fweetly, 4 that he tamed wild Beads, flayed the 
+Courfe of Rivers, and made whole Woods follow him. 
+a He defcended with the fame Harp into Hetty to re¬ 
+cover from Pluto and Proferpine his Wife Eurydice, who 
+had been killed by a Serpent, when (he fled from the 
+Violence of Arijleus. And here he fo charmed both the 
+King and Queen with the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
+that they permitted his Wife to return to Life again 
+upon this Condition, that he fhould not look up¬ 
+on her till they were both arrived upon the Earth : 
+But fo impatient and eager was the Love of Orpheus , 
+that he could not perform the Condition : Wherefore 
+fhe was taken back into -Hell again. Hereupon Orpheus 
+rcfolved for the future to live a Widower \ and with 
+his Example alienated the Minds of many others from 
+the Love of Women. This fo provoked the Mamades 
+and Baccha, that they tore him in Pieces : Though o- 
+thers aflign another Reafon of his Death, which is this ; 
+the Women, by the Inftigation of Venus, were fo in¬ 
+flamed with the Love of him, that driving to run into 
+his Embraces, and quarclling with one another, which 
+fhould have him, they tore him in Pieces. His Bones 
+
+
+* A noli. 1. i. Argo. 
+
+Y 4 
+
+
+were 
+
+
+
+328 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+•were afterwards gathered by the Mufes y and repofedin 
+a Sepulchre, not without Tears 5 and this Harp was 
+made the Con {legation of Lyra . 
+
+Amphion was'the Son of Jupiter by Antiope, He re¬ 
+ceived his Lute and Harp from Mercury \ and a with the 
+Sound thereof moved the Stones fo regqlarly, that they 
+cornpofed the Walls of the City of Thebe* r. 
+
+The Occafionof which Fable was this : Orpheus and 
+Amphion were both Men fo eloquent, that they perfua- 
+ded them who lived a wild and favage Life before to 
+embrace the Rules and Manners of civil Society. 
+
+Arion is a proper Companion for thefe two Mujicians \ 
+and I admire that his Image is not in this Place. For 
+he was a Lyrick Poet of Methymna in the Illand of Lef- 
+bos , and gained immenfe Riches by his Art, : b When 
+he was travelling from Lejbos into Jtaly> his Compani¬ 
+ons attempted to rob him of his Wealth. But hay¬ 
+ing intreated the Seamen to fuffer him to play on his 
+Harp before they cafl him into the Sea, c he played fo 
+fweetly that, when he had caft himfelfinto the Sea, a 
+Dolphin , drawn thither by the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
+received him on his Back , i] and carried him to Teredos, 
+The Dolphin for his Kindnefs was carried into Heaven 
+and made a Conftellalion. 
+
+
+a Didius & Amphion , Thebans co7iditor urbis , 
+
+Sax a tnonjsre fono teftudinis, & prccc bland a 
+
+Duccre quo <vcllct. . Hor. de Arte Poet, 
+
+Amphion too, as a Story goes, could.call 
+
+Obedient Stones to make the Theban Wall. 
+
+■ « i 
+
+He led them as he pleas’d ; The Rocks obey’d 
+And danc’d in Order to the Tunes he play’d. 
+h Pauf. in Bccotic. c Ilcrod. in Clio. 
+
+,l lUe Jedct , citbarr.niqufi tenet , prctiwnquc njcbcndi 
+Cantata IA a:quo re as carmine ?mdcct aquas . Ov.T’afl. 2, 
+
+He on his crouching Back fits all at Kale, i 
+
+With Harp in Hand, by which he calms the Seas, 
+And lor his Pafthge with a Song he pays* 3 
+
+chap, 
+
+
+
+, Of the Gods of the Heathens. 329 
+
+* 
+
+i 
+
+4 
+
+C II A P. X. 
+
+k 
+
+* 1 
+
+Achilles. 
+
+* I % • 
+
+jChillcs was the Son of Peleus by 'Thetis. His Mo- 
+ther plunged him in the Stygian Waters when he 
+was an Infant; which made his whole Body ever after 
+invulnerable, excepting that Part of his Foot by which 
+he was held when he was wafhed. Others fay, that 
+Tbetis hid him in the Night under a Fire, a after fhe had 
+anointed him in the Day with Ainbrojia; whence at firft 
+he was called Pyrifous , becaufe he elcaped fafefrom the 
+Fire ; and afterwards Achilles , b becaufe he had but one 
+Lip, for he licked the Amhrofia from his other Lip, fo 
+that the Fire had Power to burn it off. Others again 
+report, c that he was brought up by Chiron the Centaur ; 
+and fed, inffead of Milk, with the Entrails of Liofts, 
+and the Marrow of Boars and Bears ; fo that by that 
+Means he received immenfe Greatnefs of Soul, and 
+mighty Strength of Body. From him thofe, who 
+greatly excelled in Strength, were called Achilles \ d and 
+an Argument is called Achilleum , when no Objection 
+can weaken or difprove it. 
+
+Thetis , his Mother, had heard from an Oracle, that 
+he fhould be killed in the Expedition againft Troy. On 
+the other Hand, Ccdchas the Diviner had declared, that 
+Troy could not be taken without him. 13y the Cun¬ 
+ning of Ulyffes he was forced to go: For when his Mo¬ 
+ther Thetis hid him in a Boarding-School (in Gynecao) in 
+the Ifland Scyros (one of the Cyclades) in the Habit of 
+a Virgin, among the Daughters of King Lycomedcs M 
+Ulyffes difeovered the Trick: For, he went thither iri 
+
+
+a A poll. 4. Argon. h Ab a priv, & Iabrum ; 
+
+quad line labro. c Apoll. 1 . 3. Eurip. in Iphig. {! Cell. 
+
+1. 2. c. 11. 
+
+4 % 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+the Difguife of a Merchant, and brought with him fe¬ 
+vers] Goods to fell: The King’s Daughters, as is the 
+Temper of Women, began to view and handle curi- 
+oufly the Bracelets, the GlafTes, the Necklaces, and 
+fitch-like Women’s Ornaments. But Achilles , on the 
+contrary, laid hold of the Targets, and fitted the Hel¬ 
+mets to his Head, and brandifhed the Swords arid pla¬ 
+ced them to his Side. Thus TJlyJfes plainly difeovered 
+Achilles from the Virgins, and compelled him to go to 
+the War, after that Vulcan , by Thetis's Intreaty, had 
+given him impenetrable Armour. Achilles at Troy kil¬ 
+led Hettor the Son of Priamus, and was killed himfeif 
+by Paris , by a Trick of Polyxena . 
+
+a And all the Nymphs and Mufes are faid to have 
+lamented his Death. 
+
+This Polyxena was the Daughter of Priamus King 
+of Troy i a Virgin of extraordinary Beauty ; Achilles , 
+by Chance, fa \v her upon the Walls of the City, and 
+fell in Love with her, and defired her to marry her; Pri- 
+crnns confented : They met in the Temple of Apollo to 
+folemnize the Marriage; where Paris , the Brother of 
+Me£lor y coming in privately, and lurking behind Apol¬ 
+lo's Image, fhot Achilles fuddenly with an Arrow, in 
+that Part of his Foot in which only he was vulnerable. 
+After this Troy was taken, and the Ghoft of Achilles 
+demanded Satisfaction for the Murder, and the Gre¬ 
+cians appealed him by offering the Blood of Polyxena . 
+
+
+
+■ i 
+
+* Lycophrop. in Alcxand, 
+
+
+c r-i a p< 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+331 
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+• A 
+
+Ulysses, 
+
+j fLyJJes was fo named, becaufe when his Mother 
+'LS was travelling, as Tome fay, in thelfland of Ithaca , 
+as others fay, Bceotia , fhe fell down on the a Road, and 
+brought him into the World. He was the Son of 
+Laertes and Anticlead His Wife was Penelope , a Lady 
+highly famed for her Prudence and Virtue. He was 
+unwilling that the Trojati War fhould part him and his 
+dear Wife; wherefore, to avoid the Expedition, he pre¬ 
+tended to be mad, joining different Beafts to the fame 
+Plough, and fowing the Furrows with Salt. But this 
+Pretence was detedfed by Pa/amedes, who threw his In¬ 
+fant Son into the Furrow, whilft Ulyjps was ploughing, 
+to fee whether Ulyjfes would fuffer the Plough-fhare to 
+wound him or no. When he came where his Son lay, 
+he turned the Plough another Way, for fear left he 
+jfhould hurt him : And from hence he difeovered that 
+he was not a Madman, and compelled him to go to the 
+War, where he was mightily ferviceable to the Grecians ; 
+for he was almoft the foie Occahon of taking the Town, 
+fmee he removed the fatal Obftacles which hindered it 
+from being taken. For he brought Achilles (as I faid) 
+to the War, out of his Retreat. He obtained the Ar¬ 
+rows of Hercules from PhlloJ?etes 0 and brought them a- 
+gainft ‘ Troy . He brought away the Afhes of Laomcdon y 
+which were prefer ved upon the Gate Sc a: a in Troy. He 
+hole the Palladium from the fame City. He killed 
+Rhcefus , King of ! Thrace , and took his Horfcs, before 
+they had taken the Water of the River Xanthus . In 
+which Things the Deftiny of Troy was wrapped up. 
+
+
+a Grasce ’Ok/.V, ab via; quod in ipsa via ejus ma¬ 
+ter iter facicns lapfa ilium peperit. Vide Nat. Com. & Ho¬ 
+mer urn in Ody/T. 
+
+For, 
+
+
+332 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+For, if the "Trojans had preferved them, the Town could 
+never have been conquered. 
+
+Afterwards he*contended with Ajax (the Son of Te- 
+lamon and Hefionc , who was the ftoutelt of all the Gre - 
+clans except Achilles ) before Judges, for the Arms of 
+Achilles . The Judges were perfuaded by the Eloquence 
+of UlyJJes , and gave Sentence in his Favour, and afBgn- 
+ed the Arms to him. This Difappointment .made A - 
+jax mad, whereupon he killed himfelf and his Blood 
+was turned into the Violet . 
+
+When UlyJJes departed from Troy to return Home, 
+he failed backwards and forwards twenty Years; for 
+contrary Winds and ill Weather hindered him from 
+coming Home. In which Time, i. He put out the 
+Eye of Polyphemus with a Fire-brand ; and failing from 
+thence to /ilolla , he obtained, from fEolus all the Winds 
+which were contrary tohim,and put them into leathern 
+Bags. H ; s Companions believing that the Bags were 
+filled with Money, and not with Wind, intended to 
+rob him ; wherefore, when they came almoft to Ithaca , 
+they untied the Bags, and the Wind gufhed out, and 
+blew him back to 1Eolia again. 2 . "When Circe had 
+turned his Companions into Beads, he firft fortified 
+himfelf againfl: her Charms with the Antidote that 
+Mercury had given him, and then ran into her Cave 
+with his Sword drawn, and forced her to reftorc his 
+Companions their former Shapes again. After which 
+Circe and he were reconciled, and he had by her Tele - 
+givms* 3 . He went down into Hell, to know his fu¬ 
+ture Foitune from the Prophet Tireftas .' 4 . When 
+he failed to the Iflands of the Syrens , he (lopped tl|e 
+Ears of his Companions, and bound himfelf with flrong 
+Ropes to the Ship’s Maft ; whereby he avoided the dan¬ 
+gerous Snares into which, by their charming Voice, 
+they led Men. And laflly, after his Ship was broken 
+and wrecked by the Waves, he efcapcd by fwimming, 
+and came naked and alone to the Port of Phtcacla , 
+where Naufuau % the Daughter of King / V:\nous , found 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the He Athens. 333 
+
+him hid among the young Trees, and entertained him 
+civilly ; and when his Companions were found, and 
+the Ship refitted, he was fent afleep into Ithaca , where 
+Pallas awaked him, and adviTed him to put on the 
+Habit of a Beggar. Then he went to his Neat-herds, 
+where he found his Son Telemachus ; and from thence 
+he went Home in a Difguife. Where,, after he had 
+received feveral Affronts from the Wooers of Pate- 
+lope, by the Affiftance of the Neat-herds, and his 
+Son, to whom he difeovered himfelf, he fet upon 
+them, and killed them every one ; and then received 
+his Penelope • 
+
+Penelope , the Daughter of Teams , was a rare and 
+perfect Example of Chaflity. For, though it was 
+generally thought that her Hufband UlyJJcs was dead, 
+fince he had been abfent from her twenty Years ; 
+neither the Defires of her Parents, nor the Sollicita- 
+tions of her Lovers,*could prevail with her to marry 
+another Man, and to violate the Promifes of Con- 
+ftancy, which fhe gave to her Hufband when he de¬ 
+parted. For, when many Noblemen courted her, 
+and even threatened her with Ruin unlefs fhe declared 
+which of them fhould marry her, {be defired that the 
+Choice might be deferred till fhe had finifhed that 
+Needle-work about which fhe was then employed ; 
+But, undoing by Night what fhe had worked by Day, 
+Ihe delayed them till UlyJJes returned and killed them 
+all. Hence came the Proverb a to weave Penelope’s 
+Web 5 that is, to labour in vain, w hen one Hand de- 
+ftroys what the other has wrought. 
+
+. —. -» — —- . . ■ —. — ■ — 
+
+3 Penelope's telam uxor, id eft, inanem oporarn fuinere. 
+
+Vi 4* Eraftn. A dag. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+334 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+CHAP. XII. 
+
+Orion. 
+
+
+P. 
+
+
+w 
+
+
+HAT was the Birth of Orion ? 
+
+M. Modefty will hardly let me tell you: 
+However 1 will conceal nothing from you. They fay 
+that he was born from the Urine of Jupiter 7 Neptune^ 
+and Mercury : For when they travelled together, they 
+were benighted, and forced to lodge in a poor Man’s 
+Cottage, whofe Name was Hircus. He entertained 
+them handfomely as the Meannefs of his Condition 
+would fuffer, Their Entertainment pleafed them fo, 
+that they promifed to grant whatever he afked. He faid, 
+that he promifed his Wife, when fhe died, never to 
+marry again, and yet, that he extremely defiredto have 
+a Son, This pious Defire pleafed the Gods, and they 
+confer; ted to his Requeft, and moiftened the Hide of an 
+Ox (with which they were entertained) with their Urine , 
+commanding him to bury it ten Months : After which 
+he digged it up, and found in it a new-born .Child* 
+which, from this Occafion, he called Urion , or Orion ♦ 
+Orion i when young, was a conftant Companion of 
+Diana : But becanfe his Love to the Goddefs exceeded 
+the Bounds of Modefty, or becaufe as fome fay, he 
+extolled the Strength of his own Body very indecently, 
+and boafted that he could out-run and fubdue the wild- 
+eft and fierceft Beads, his Arrogance grievoufly dif- 
+pleafed the Earth y wherefore (he font a Scorpion* which 
+killed him. Fie was afterwards carried to the Heavens, 
+and there made a Conjiellation ; which is thought to 
+predi£l foul Weather when it does not appear, and fair 
+when it is vifible; whence the Poets call him a tempef- 
+tuous or Jiormy Orion. 
+
+
+a Nimbofns Orion. Virg. Ain. nam IpWto lignificat/wfo 
+monjco, u a do e ti am ipfe nomen fump fifth a nonnullisjudicatur. 
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+1»I.XXVX 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+335 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+» 
+
+Osiris* Apts, and Sekapts. 
+
+H E S E are the three different Names of one 
+A - and the fame God, therefore they are not to 
+be feparated in our Difcourfe. 
+
+OJir 'ts was the Son of Jupiter , by Nfobe , the Daugh¬ 
+ter of -Phorcneus. He was King of the Argives many 
+Years : But he was ftirred up, by the Defire of Glory, 
+to leave his Kingdom to his Brother /.Egialus j where¬ 
+fore he failed into Egypt , to feek a new Name, and new 
+Kingdoms there. The Egyptians were not fo much 
+overcome by his Arms, as obliged to him by his Cour- 
+tefies and great Kindnefstowards them.. After which 
+he married lo 0 the Daughter of Inachus , whom Jupiter 
+formerly turned into a Cow, as we faid above : But, 
+when by her Diffraction fhe was driven into Egypt<, her 
+former Shape was again reftored, and fhe married Qftris ., 
+and injlruffed the Egyptians in Letters : Wherefore, 
+both fhe and her Hufband attained to divine Honours, 
+and were thought immortal by that People. But OJiris 
+fhewed that he was mortal 5 for he was killed by his 
+Brother T’yphon. lo (afterwards called IJis) fought him 
+a great while 5 and when fhe had found him at laft in a 
+Cheft, fhe laid him in a Monument in an Ifland near to 
+Memphis , which Ifland is encompafTcd by that fad and 
+fatal Lake, the Styx. . And becaufe when fhe fought him 
+file had ufecl Dogs, who by their excellent Vertue of 
+Smelling might chfcover where he was hid, thence the 
+ancient Cuftom came, a that Dogs went fir ft in an 
+atmiverfary Proceffion in Honour of IJis. And the 
+People carefully and religioufly worfhipped a God with 
+
+
+l ' Ex. Gyr. Syntagm. 9 . 
+
+
+a Dop’s 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+a Dog’s Plead, called Anubis \ which God the Poets 
+commonly call, a Barker? a God half a Dog? a Dog half 
+a h Man. He is alfo called c Hermanuhis ; becaufe 
+his Sagacity is fo great, that fome think; him to be 
+the fame with Mercury • But let us return to Ofirh 
+and Ifis. 
+
+After the Body of Ofir is was interred, there ap¬ 
+peared to the Egyptians a (lately beautiful Ox: The 
+Egyptians thought that it was Ofir is? wherefore they 
+worfhipped it, and called it Apis* which in the Egyp* 
+iian Language fignifies an Ox. But becaufe his Body, 
+after his Death, was found (hut up in a d Cbcfi? he was 
+afterwards from thence called Sorapis; and by the 
+Change of a Letter, Serapis*? as we (hall fee more clear¬ 
+ly and particularly by and by, wheh I have obferved 
+what Plutarch fays, that OJiris was thought to be the 
+Sun. His Name comes from Os? which in the Egyp¬ 
+tian Language fignifies much? and Iris an Eye•? and his 
+Image was a Sceptre , in the Top of which was placed 
+an Eye. So that Oftris fignifies the fame as 
+[ Polyophthalmos ] jnany-eyed? which agrees very well to 
+the Sun? who feems to have fo many Eyes as he hath 
+Rays, by which he fees, and makes all Things vifible. 
+
+Some fay that Ifis is Pallas? others Terra? others 
+Ceres? and many the Moon ; for (he is painted fome- 
+times c horned, as the Moon appears in the Increafej 
+and wears black Garments, becaufe the Moon (bines in 
+the Night. In her Right-hand (he held a Cymbal, and 
+in her Left a Bucket. Her Head was crowned with the 
+
+• r 
+
+
+
+
+a Latratoreni, femicanem Deum, Virg. ^En. 8 . b Semi- 
+hominem canem. Ovid. Mctam. 9 . Lucan, feduli. c Plut. 
+in Ofiridc. Serv. in JEx\. 8. d Zopo? iignificat arcam, in 
+qua invcntum eft illius corpus inclufum. c K^aofpo^, id 
+til, comigera afiingebatur, ad Lance crefcends fimUitudi- 
+nem, & !>/.£>.;, nigris veitibus induta, qudd luna lu¬ 
+
+cent in tenebris. Vide Servilim. 8 . 
+
+
+Feathers 
+
+
+V 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+Feathers of a Vulture ; for, among the Egyptians, that 
+Bird is facred to Juno - y and therefore they adorned the 
+Tops of their Porches with the Feathers of a Vulture • 
+The Priefts of lfis , called after her own Name Ijiaci , 
+a abftained from the Flefh of Swine and Sheep ; they 
+ufed no b Salt ■ to their Meat, left they fhould violate 
+their Chaftity. c .They fhaved their Heads , d they 
+wore Paper Shoes , and a ^ Li?ien Vejl , becaufe lfis firft 
+taught the Ufe of Flax ; from whence fhe is called f - 
+L'migera , and alfo * Inacbis, from hiathus , her Father* 
+By the Name of lfis is ufually underftood Wifdom . 
+And accordingly, h upon the Pavement ofthe Temple, 
+there was this Infcription ; I am every Thing that hath 
+been , and is, and Jhall be, nor hath any Mortal opened my 
+
+Veil. 
+
+% 
+
+By the Means of this lfis , 1 Iphis , a young Virgin 
+of Crete, the Daughter of Lygdus and Teleihufa , was 
+changed into a Man. For when Lygdus went a jour¬ 
+ney he commanded his Wife, who was then big with 
+Child, if (lie brought a Daughter, that fhe fhould not 
+educate her, but leave her. expofed in the Fields to 
+perifh by Want. Teleihufa. brought forth, indeed, a 
+Daughter, but was very unwilling to lofe her Child ; 
+therefore fhe drefied it in a Boy’s Habit, and called it 
+Iphis , which is a common Name to Boys and Girls* 
+The Father returned from his Journey, and believed 
+both his Wife and his Daughter, who perfonated a 
+Son : And, as.foon as fhe was marriageable, her Fa¬ 
+ther, who ftill thought that fhe was a Man, married 
+
+
+
+
+a iElian. lib. de. anim. Hcrodot. 1 . 2. 
+c. 10. c Coel. Rhodigin. 5. c. 12. 
+
+
+b Plut. fyrpp. 5. 
+d Herodot. 1 .x. 
+f Ovid, de Ponto El. 1. e Pro- 
+
+
+c Claud. 4. Hon. conf. 
+
+pert. 1, 1 . & 2. ’Eyw tl[M wav to ytyovo <; 9 iv 9 k} £p 6 [Mvo v ; 
+
+Kj to sfj/iv irtzahov t u>v Suqtwv asir$x.a,?\v i tytv» Eg'O film quic- 
+
+quicl fuit, elf, erit; nec mcnm quifquam mortniium Peplum 
+vetexit. Plut. in Hide. 1 Ovid. Mctam. 1. 9 . 
+
+
+
+
+33 
+
+her to the beautiful Ianthe . They went to the Temple 
+to celebrate the Marriage. The Mother was mightily 
+concerned $ and, as they were going, file begged the 
+favourable Atfiftance of Jfis , who heard her Prayer?, 
+and changed the Virgin Iphis into a moft beautiful 
+young Man. Now let us come to Serapis and Apis 
+
+agai n« 
+
+Though Serapis , of vvhofe Name we gave the Ely 
+mology before, was the God of the Egyptians , yet he was 
+worfhipped at Greece , a and efpecially at Athens , b and 
+alfo at Rome . Amongft different Nations he had dif¬ 
+ferent Names ; for he was called fometimes c Jupiter 
+Ammon , fometimes Pluto , Bacchus , AEfculapius , and 
+fometimes Ofir is. His Name was reckoned abomina¬ 
+ble by the Grecians \ rl for all Names of feven Letters, 
+*je •Aluy&wuA* [ Hcptagrammata’] are by them efleemed 
+infamous. Some fay, that Ptolemy , the Son ofZtfgw, 
+procured the Effigies of him at Pontus , from the King 
+of Sinope, and dedicated a magnificent Temple to him 
+at Alexandria . Eufebius calls him the c Prince of Evil 
+Damons. A Flajket was placed f upon his Head ; and 
+near him lay a Creature with three Heads ; a Dogs 
+on the Right-fide, a Wolf's on the Left-fide, and a 
+Lion’s Plead in the Middle. A Snake with his Fold 
+encompafled them, whofe Plead hung clown unto the 
+God’s Right Hand, with which he bridled the terrible 
+Monfter. There was befides, in almoft all the Tem¬ 
+ples where Serapis and Ifts were worfhipped, an Image 
+which prefled its Lips with its Finger. Varro fays, the 
+Meaning of this was, that no one fhould dare to fay 
+that thefc Gods had been Men formerly ; and the Laws 
+inflided Death upon him that faid that Serapis was once 
+a mortal Man. 
+
+
+8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+:i Pan fan. in Attic. h Publ. Vidor. c Tacitus, 1 . so. 
+Plut. do Ofirklc. Porphyrins. 0 Praip. Evangelic a, 
+lib, >j. l ' Mac rob. in Saturnal. 
+
+
+.0 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 339 
+
+Apis? of whom we fpake fomething above, a was 
+King of the Argivi? and being tranfported from thence 
+into Egypt? he became Serapis? or the greatcft of all 
+the Gods of Egypt . After the Death of Seraph? the 
+Ox? that we mentioned a little before, fucceeded in his 
+Place. b Pliny defcribes the Form and Quality of this 
+Ox? thus: An Ox? fays he, in Egypt? is worfhipped as 
+a God. They call him Apis . He is thus marked $ there 
+is a white fhining Spot upon his Right-fide. Horns 
+like the Moon in its Increafe, and a Node under its 
+Tongue, which they call Cantbaris. His Body? c fays 
+Herodotus? Was all black : In his Forehead he had a 
+white? fquare? Joining Figure 5 the Effigies of an Eagle 
+in his Back ; and, befides that Cantbaris in his Mouth, 
+he had Hair of two Sorts in his Tail. But Pliny goes 
+on : If he lives beyond an appointed Period of Time? they 
+drown hitn in the Priejls Fountain; then the Priejh pave 
+their Heads? and mourn and lament? and feck emother to 
+fuhjlitute in his Room , When they have found one? he is 
+brought by the Priejh to Memphis. He hath two Chapels, 
+which they call Chambers, which are the Oracles of the 
+People . In one of which he foretels Good? in the other HL 
+He gives An fiver in private? a ltd takes Meat from them 
+that confult him . He refufed Meatfrom the Hand of Ge r- 
+manicus Casfar, who died not long after . Fie a£fs? for the 
+mof part? in fecret : But when he pleafes to appear pukliclc- 
+ly> the Officers go before and clear the Way ; and a Flock of 
+Boys attend him? paging Verfcs to his Honour. He feerns 
+to underfland Things? and to expeft Worfoip. Once a Tear 
+a Coiv is flocwn unto him? who hath her Marks (though 
+different from his ;) and this Cow is ahvays both found and 
+killed the fame Day . So far Pliny . To which JEiian 
+adds, That the Cow that conceives Apis, conceives him not 
+
+
+
+a Auguft. (le Civitate Dei, lib. i 3 , 
+c, 40. c Herodot. lib. 3. 
+
+
+b Plin. I-Iifl. Nat. 
+
+
+34 ° Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+by a Bully but by Lightning . 2 Ca?nhyfesy King of AJJyria , 
+gave no Credit to thefe Trifles ; and ftruck Apis in the 
+Thigh with his Sword, to fhew, by the Wounds 
+bleeding, that he was no God : But his Sacrilege did 
+not pafs (as they pretend) unpunifhed. 
+
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+
+
+C 341 ] 
+
+
+
+A N 
+
+APPENDIX 
+
+Concerning the GODDESSES thatmake 
+
+the GODS. 
+
+I 
+
+HOSE Goddejfes (whofe Images are fmall, 
+and all painted in one Picture) are the 
+Virtues ; by whofa Favour, not only the 
+DU Jldfcriptitiii but all the other Gods 
+befides, were advanced to Heaven, and 
+honoured with the utmofl: Veneration, 
+You fee fome Vices amongft them (for they had Altars 
+dedicated to them too) which, like Shades, encreafe 
+the Luftrc of the Virtues ; whofe Brightnefs is doubled 
+by the Reflection of the Colours. To both of them 
+there are adjoining fome Gods, either favouring or op~ 
+pofing them. I (hall fay fomething briefly, accord*- 
+ing to my Defign, of them. 
+
+z 3 
+
+
+
+C I I A l’. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+I 
+
+3 E C T. I. rfhe Virtues which are Goddeffes 
+
+and good Deities. 
+
+T H R Ancients not only worfhipped the feveral 
+
+Species of Virtues , but alfo Virtue herfelf, as a 
+Goddefs. Therefore, firft of her, and then of the 
+others. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Virtue and H o n our 
+
+
+
+Y^lrtue derives her-Name from Vir , becaufe Virtues 
+* the mod manly Ornament. “She was efteemed a 
+
+b and worfhipped in the Habit of an elderly 
+Matron fitting upon a fquare Stone. c M. Marcellm 
+dedicated a Temple to her ; and hard by’placed ano¬ 
+ther, that was dedicated to Honour : The Temple of 
+Virtue was the Paffage to the Temple of Honour ; by 
+which was fiiinified, that by Virtue alone true Honour 
+is attained. The Priefis facrificed to Honour with bare 
+Heads, and we ufually uncover our Heads when we 
+fee honourable and worthy Men ; and fince Honour it- 
+felf is valuable and eftimable, it is no Wonder if fuch 
+Rcfpe£l is (hewn in celebrating its Sacrifices. 
+
+
+
+a Ciceronis Qu^ft. Tufc. z. h Augufl. 4. de Civitutc 
+Dei, c. 10. c Liv. 1 . z. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+S E C T. III. Faith. 
+
+JflD E S had a Temple at Rome , near the Capitol , 
+which a Nutria Pompi lifts (as it is faid) firfl confe- 
+crated to her. b Her Sacrifices were performed with¬ 
+out Slaughter, or Blood fpilt. The Heads and Hands 
+of the Priefts were covered with a white Cloth when 
+they facrificed ; becaufe Faith ought to be clofc and fccret . 
+Virgil calls her c Cana Fidcs ; either from the Candour of 
+the Mihd, from v/henee Fidelity proceeds; or becaufe 
+Faith is chiefly obferved by aged Perfons. The Symbol 
+of this Goddejs was a white Dog y which is a faithful 
+Creature. d Another Symbol of her was two Hands 
+joined ; or two young Ladies floating Hands. For, c by 
+giving the Right-handy they engaged their Faith for their 
+future Friendship. 
+
+
+a Cicero de Ojficiis. b Dion. Halicarn. 1 . 2. c Servius 
+in 1. and 8. JEneid. a Statius i. Thebaid. c Dcxtra 
+data fldem futurre amicititc fancibant. Liv. 1. 21. 
+
+
+SECT. IV. Hope. 
+
+
+JtilOP E had a Temple at Rowe, in the Herb- Mar- 
+^ kety which was unfortunately burnt down with 
+Lightning, f Giraldus fays, that he hath feen her Ef¬ 
+figies in a Golden Coin of the Emperor Adrian. She 
+was deficribed in .the Form of a Woman {landing, her 
+Left-hand lightly held up the Skirts of her Garments, 
+Hie leaned on her Elbow, and in her Right-hand held 
+a Plate, on which was placed a Ciborium (a Sort of a 
+Cup) fafhioned to the Likencfs of a Flower, with this 
+Infciiption, S P E 5, P.R . fhe Plope oj' the People of 
+
+
+
+1 Syntngm. 1 . 1. 
+Z 4 
+
+
+Ranie y 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+Ro?ne - We have already related in what Manner Hope 
+was left and preferved in the Bottom of Pandora's 
+
+Box. 
+
+
+SECT. V. Justice. 
+
+. * 4 * / 
+
+7 UJlice was defcribed like a Virgin with a piercing 
+v jfredfaft Eye, a fevere Brow, her Afpe£fc awful, 
+noble, and venerable.' Amongft the Egyptians , Alex¬ 
+ander fays, that fee has no Head ; and that her Left- 
+hand was flretched forth and open. The Greeks called 
+. her jyirasa-y as we faid before. 
+
+S E C T. VI. Piety. 
+
+
+/jT’ilius^ the Duu?nvir? dedicated a Chapel to 
+Goddefs at Rome , in the Place where that Wc 
+
+
+this 
+Woman 
+
+lived, who fed her Mother in the Prifon with the Milk 
+of her Breafts. The Story is this ; a "The Mother was 
+pnni/hed with Imprisonment } her Daughter , who was an 
+ordinary Woman , then gave Suck Jhe ca??ie to the Prifon 
+frequently and the Gaoler always fearchech her , to fee that 
+Jhe carried no Food to her Mother : At lajl Jhe zuas found 
+giving Suck to her Mother with her Brea/is . This extraor¬ 
+dinary Piety of the Daughter gained the Mother's Freedom ; 
+and they both zvere afterwards maintained at the Publick 
+Charge , while they lived ; and the Place was confecrated to 
+the Goddefs Piety . There is a like Example in the b Gre¬ 
+cian Hiflory, of a certain Woman, who by her Breafts 
+nourifhed Cymon , her aged Father, who was imprifoned 5 
+and fupported him with her own Milk. 
+
+
+
+a PHn. Hill. Nat. 1 . 7. c, 36. b Valerius Maximus, 
+lib. 3. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 34 j 
+
+
+SECT. VII. Mercy. 
+
+T HE Athenians eredled an Altar to Mifericordia? 
+
+Mercy ; a where was firft eftablifhed an Afylum 
+■ (a Place of common Refuge to the Miferable and Un¬ 
+fortunate :) It was not lawful to force any from thence. 
+When Hercules died, b his Kindred feared fome Mif- 
+chief from thofe whom he had afRidled ; wherefore they 
+credted an Afylum 9 or Temple of Mercy , at Athens . 
+
+
+a faufan. in Attic. 
+
+
+b Serv. in JEn. 8. 
+
+
+SECT. VIII. Clemency. 
+
+N OTHING memorable occurs concerning this 
+
+Ooddefsy unlefs that there was a Temple eredted 
+to dementia Cafaris , The Clemency of Cafar ., as.we read 
+in c Plutarch . 
+
+
+- > 
+
+
+c In Vita Ccefaris. 
+
+
+SECT. IX. Chastity. 
+
+
+T WO 
+
+tltv ; 
+
+
+.SL tlty 5 the one to Pudicitia Patricia , which flood 
+in the Ox-Market ± and the other to Pudicitia Plebcia, 
+built by Virginia , the Daughter of Aldus: for when {he 
+who was born of a Patrician Family , (I had married a 
+Plebeian , the noble Ladies were mightily inccnfed, and 
+banifhed her from their Sacrifices, and would not fuffer 
+her to enter into the Temple of Pudicitia , into which 
+S' na tori an Families were only permitted Entrance. A 
+Quarrel arofe hereupon amongft the Women, and a 
+
+
+Liv, 1 , io. 
+
+
+great 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+great Breach was made between them : Hereupon Vir¬ 
+ginia flrove by fome extraordinay Adfcion to blot out 
+the Dilgrace which (lie had received ; and therefore fhe 
+built a - Chapel in the long Street where Hie lived, and 
+adorned it with an Altar to which fhe invited the 
+Plebeian Matrons, and complaining to them, that the 
+Ladies of Quality had ufed her fo barbaroufly : I dedi¬ 
+cate^ fays fhe, this Altar to Pudicitia Plebehi; and Idejirt 
+vf you that you will as much adore Chaftily, as the Men do 
+Honour ; that this Altar may be followed by i- u ■ er and more 
+chajle Votaries , than the Altar of Pudicitia Patricia, if it 
+he pojfible. • Both thefe Altars were reverenced a 1 molt 
+with the fame Rites, and no Matron but of approved 
+Chaftity, and who had been married but once, had 
+Leave to facrifice here. It is, belides faid in Hiltory, 
+that the Women, who were contented with one Mar¬ 
+riage, were ufually rewarded with a a Crown of Chajlity. 
+
+
+a Corona pudicitia?, Val. Max. 1 z. de Infritut. 
+
+
+SECT. X. - Truth. 
+
+CV^RUTH, the Mother of Virtue , b is painted in Gar¬ 
+ments as white as Snow5 her Looks are ferene, 
+plea&nt, courteous, chearful, and yet model!: $ flic is 
+the Pledge of all Honefty, Bulwark of Honour, the 
+Light and Joy of human Society, c She is commonly 
+accounted the Daughter of Time and Saturn \ bccaufc 
+Truth is difeovered in the Courfe of Time: But Demo¬ 
+critus feigns that fhe lies hid in the Bottom of a Well. 
+
+
+
+b Philoft. in Heroic, Ss Amp. c Plut. in Qua? ft. 
+
+
+
+S K C 'i 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+347 
+
+
+SECT. XI. Mens. 
+
+G OOD Senfe y or Underflanding (Mens:) was made 
+a Goddcfs by the Romans ^ a that they might ob¬ 
+tain a found Mind . b An Altar was built to her in the 
+Capitol , by M . /Emilias* c The Prat or AtUius vowed 
+to build a Chapel to her ; which he performed, when 
+he was upon that Account created Duumvir . 
+
+
+^Aug. 1.2 c. 21. b Cicero 2. dc Nat. Deorum. 
+
+c Liv. z 2. So 23. 
+
+SECT. XII. Concord. . 
+
+W E fhall find by (! the concurrent Teftimony of 
+
+many, that the Goddefs Coiicordia had many Al¬ 
+tars at feveral Times dedicated to her* eipecially, fhe 
+was worfhipped by the Ancient Romans . Her Image 
+held a Bowl in her Right-hand, and a Horn of Plenty , 
+or a Sceptre , from which Fruit feemed to fprout forth, 
+in her Left. c The Symbol of her was two Right-bands 
+joined together , and a Pomgranatc . 
+
+
+<] Liv. lib. 9 Pint, in C. Gracch. Suet, in Tib. c Lil. 
+Gyrald. Syntagm. i-, 
+
+* r 
+
+SECT. XIII. Peace. 
+
+T) A X was honoured heretofore at Athens with an 
+Altar, f as Plutarch tells us. At Rome flic had a 
+molt magnificent Temple in the Forum , begun by Clau¬ 
+dius , and finifhed by Vefpafian \ K which was afterwards 
+confumed in a Eire under the Emperor Comnodus . She 
+
+Was deferibed in the Form of a Matron, holding forth 
+
+% 
+
+m iMlImjgB t_ " -1 I 1 I I _U - 1-"- T-— ■ 1 1 1 111 
+
+■*» 
+
+f Pint, in Cinion. K Iicrodot, 1 . 2. 
+
+Ean. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the "Heathens. 
+
+
+Ears of Com in her Hands, and crowned with Olive* 
+and Laurel, or fometimes Roles. Her particular Sym¬ 
+bol was a Caduceus , a white Staff, borne by Ambafiadors 
+when they go to treat of Peace. 
+
+
+SECT. XIV. Health. 
+
+i 
+
+T H E Goddefs tSalus was fo much honoured by the 
+
+Romans , that anciently feveral Holy-days were 
+appointed in which they worfliipped her. a There was 
+a Gate at Rome called Porta falutaris , bccaufe it was 
+near to the Temple of Salus . Her Image was the Fi¬ 
+gure of a Woman fitting on a Throne, and holding a 
+Bowl in her Right-hand. Hard by flood her Altar, a 
+Snake twining round it, and lifted up his Head toward 
+it. The Augurtum Salutis was heretofore celebrated in 
+the fame Place $ which was intermitted for fouie Time, 
+and renewed again by Augujius . b It was a Kind of Di¬ 
+vination, by which they begged Leave of the Gods 
+that the People might pray for Peace; as though it 
+was unlawful to pray for it before they had Leave. A 
+Day in every Year was fet apart for that Purpofe, upon 
+which none of the Roman Armies might either iparch 
+or engage. 
+
+
+a Macrob. Saturn, i. c. 16. b Dion. 1 , 27. Aim. Po* 
+litian. Mifcel. c. 12 , 
+
+* 
+
+SECT.. XV, Fidelity. 
+
+T HIS Goddefs a!fo, a fays St. Juflin, hath her Tem¬ 
+ple and her Altar, and fuitable Sacrifices were 
+performed to her. They reprefented her like a vene¬ 
+rable Matron fitting upon a Throne, and holding a b 
+white Rod in her Right-hand, and a great Horn of 
+Plenty in her Left. J 
+
+
+a -Aug. dc Civ. Dei, 1 . 4. c. 18. lj Caduceus. 
+
+s k c r 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+/ 
+
+
+
+SECT. XVI. 
+
+
+
+E R T Y. 
+
+
+A S the Romans were, above all Things, careful 
+
+their Liberty, efpecially after the Expulfion of the 
+Kings, when they fet themfelves at Liberty, a fo they 
+built a Temple to Liberty , amongft the Number of their 
+other Goddejfes . And Cicero tells us, that Clodius con- 
+fecrated his Houfe to her. 
+
+
+Lil. Gyrald, Synt. 
+
+
+
+SECT. XVIL Money. 
+
+% 
+
+HEY invoked Pccunia as a Goddefs , that they 
+might be rich, and fo they worfhipped the God 
+Mfculanus , and his Son Argcntinus , that they might 
+have Plenty of Brafs and Silver . They efteemed AZf- 
+culauus the Father of Argentinus, Becaufe Brafs-Money 
+was ufed before Silver . And 1 wonder , b fays St. Au- , 
+guftine , that Aurinus was not made a God after Argen- 
+tinus, becaufe Silver Money was followed by Gold . To 
+this Goddefs , Money , O how many apply their Devo¬ 
+tions to this Day j what Vows do they make, and at 
+what Altars do they importune, that they may fill their 
+Coffers ! If you have thofe Gods , c fays Menander , if you. 
+have Silver and Gold at Home , afk whatever you pieafc^ 
+you Jhall have it , the very Gods themfelves will be at your 
+Service . 4 
+
+
+k MirorautemquodArgcntinusnon genuitAurinuxn,quia 
+&aureapecuniafubfecuta eft. Aug. de CiVit. Dei,l 4.C. 21* 
+c Hos Dcos Auruin & Argentum fi domi habeas, quicquid 
+
+voles, roga,tibiemniaaderu nt,ipfos habebisvclminiftrantcs 
+
+Decs. Menander ap, Stub, or de laude auri. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+C II A P. II. 
+
+SECT. I. I'be Y iceSj and Evil 
+
+Deities. 
+
+V 
+
+J Call thofc Evil Deities which oppofe our Happincfr, 
+and many Times do us Mifchief. And fir/h of 
+the Vices to which Temples have been confccratcd. 
+
+
+S K C T. 
+
+
+V 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 351 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+rpHAT Envy is a Goddefs , appears by the Con- 
+JL feflion of Pallas , who owned that (he was affift- 
+ed by her to infcdl a young Lady, called flglauros , with 
+her Poifon. Ovid defcribes the a Houfe where (he 
+dwells, in very elegant Verfe, and afterwards gives a 
+moll beautiful Defcription of b Envy herfelf, 
+
+
+a P rot in us Invidisc nigrofqualcntia tabo 
+
+fefta petit : donuts eji intis in vcillibus aniri 
+
+flbdita , foie carc?is> nec ulli pr.rvia vento ; 
+
+frijiis, C d ig navi plcni(Ji?na frigor is, Id qusz 
+
+Ignc vacctJenifer, caliginefemper abundet . Ovid. Met. 1. a. 
+
+Then limit to Envy's Cell (he bends her Way, 
+
+Which all with putrid Gore infedied lay ; 
+
+Deep in a gloomy Cave’s obfeure Recefs, 
+
+No Beams could e’er that horrid Manhoij blefs ; 
+
+No Breeze e’er fann’d it ; but about it roll’d 
+
+% 
+
+Eternal Woes, and ever lazy Cold : 
+
+No Spark fhone there, but everlalling Gloom 
+Impenetrably dark obfeur’d the Room. 
+b PciUor in ore J'edct, macics in corpore toto , 
+
+Nujquam reft a aczes , livent rubigwe dentes , 
+
+Pc ft ora folk virent, lingua c/i ffjufa veneno , 
+
+Rijits abcfl, 7iifi quem vifi tnoverc dolorcs. 
+
+Nec fruitin' Jomno <vigiiantibus cxcita cur is , 
+
+Scd videt ingratos , intabcfcitquc videndo 
+Succcf us hominum ; carpitque id carpitur unit, 
+
+Suppliciumquc Jinan cjl --- 
+
+A deadly Palcnefs in her Checks was feen, 
+
+Her meagre Skeleton icarce cas’d with Skin; 
+
+Her looks awry ; and everlalling Seoul 
+
+Sits on her Brows ; her Teeth deform’d and foul. 
+
+Her Break had Gall, more than her Brcalt could hold : 
+
+
+Beneath her Tongue black Clots of Poifon roll’d : 
+
+No Smiles e’er fmooth’d her furrow’d Brows, but thole 
+Which rife from common Mifchiefs, Plagues, and Woes 
+Her Eyes, mere Strangers to the Sweets of Sleep, 
+Devouring Spite for ever waking keep. 
+
+SECT 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+SECT. III. Contumely and 
+
+Impudence.. 
+
+T H E S E two Vices were both adored by the a A- 
+
+thc 7 iians •> and particularly, it is faid, they were 
+reprefented by a Partridge y which is efteemed a very 
+impudent Bird* 
+
+
+She fees blefs’d Men with vafl Succcffes crown’d. 
+Their Joys diftradt her, and their Glories wound : 
+
+She kills abroad, herfelf’s confum’d at Home, 
+
+And her own Crimes are her perpetual Martyrdom. 
+
+3 Paufanias in Attic. Cic. 2. do leg. Theophrahus de leg. 
+
+SECT. IV. Calumnv. 
+
+T HE fame People ere&ed an Altar to Calumny. 
+
+b Apelles painted her thus : c There fits a Man 
+with great and open Ears, inviting Cahwmy , with his 
+Hand held out, to come to him : And two Women, 
+Ignorancep ind Sufpicion , ftand near him. Calwriny breaks 
+out in a Fury ; her Countenance is comely and beauti- 
+tiful ; her Eyes fparkle like Fire, and her Face is in¬ 
+flamed with Anger ; file holds a lighted Torcli in her 
+Left-hand, and with her Right twills a young Man’s 
+Neck, who holds up his Hands in Prayer to the Gods. 
+Before her goes Envy pale and nafty : On her Side arc 
+Fraud and Confpiracy : Behind her follows Repentance , 
+clad in Mourning, with her Cloaths torn; who turns 
+her Head backward, 'as if file looked for Truth 7 who 
+comes flowly after. 
+
+
+b Idem apud Diogen. 0 Lucian, lib. dc non tcxncre 
+credendis calumniis. 
+
+SEC T. 
+
+
+
+1 - / • 
+
+£Jfthe Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+SECT. V. Fraud. 
+
+T HIS Deity * wasdefcribed with an human Face* 
+
+but a Serpents Body: In the End of her Tail 
+was a ScorpiotTs Sting: Shefwims through the River 
+Cocytus, and nothing appears above Water but hei: 
+Head. 
+
+
+
+a Bocat. in Geri. Deor. 
+
+
+S E C T. VL Di scorD. 
+
+% 
+
+T)Etronius Arbiter , where he treats of the Civil Wat 
+f betwixt Pompey and Ccefar 9 has given a b beautiful 
+Defcription of the Goddefs Difcordia . 
+
+
+b Intremuere tubes, ac fciffo Difcordia crbze 
+Extulit ad fuperos Stygium caput . Hujus in ore 
+Concretns fang ids contufaq; liunina fchant £ 
+
+Stab ant a: ratafcabra rubigine delites , 
+
+Tabo lingua fluens, cbfejfa dr aeonibus ora £ 
+
+Atq$ inter toto lacer'atam pediore vcfletn, 
+
+Sangidneam tremula quatiebat lamp ad a dextra. 
+
+The Trumpets found, and with a difmal Yell 
+WildDifcord rifes from the Vale of Hell: 
+
+From herfwell’d Eyes there ran a briny Flood, 
+
+And clotted Gore upon her Vifage flood: 
+
+Around her Head ferpenrine Elf-locks hung. 
+
+And Streams of Blood flow’d from her fable Tongue t 
+Her tatter’d Cloaths her yellow Skin betray, 
+
+(An Emblem of the Breaft on which they lay) 
+
+And brandifh’d Flames her trembling Hand obey. 
+
+
+A a 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+SECT. VII. Fury. 
+
+T7URT is defcribed fometimes chained, fometimtfs 
+•F raging and revelling, with her Chains broke; but 
+3 Virgil chufes to defcribe her bound iri Chains, al¬ 
+though b Petroni'us defcribes' he* at Liberty, unbound. 
+
+
+-- Furor itnpius hit us 
+
+Scsva fedens fuper arma> & centum vindhis abents 
+
+Pofl tergum nodis, /remit borridus ore cruento. JEn. i, 
+
+-. -- - Within fits impious War 
+
+On curfed Arms,' bound with a thoufand Chains, 
+
+And horrid, with a bloody Mouth, complains. 
+
+■—- Furor, abrupt is, ecu liber , habetiis 
+
+Sangahvenvr late tollit caput, oraque ?nille 
+Vulneribus confojfa cruenta cajjide vclaf, 
+
+H<£ret detritus Icevcc Flavor tins umbo 
+Innumerabilibus telis gravis, atq', flagranti • 
+
+St ip it e dextra minax terris incendia portal. 
+
+Diforder’d Rage, from brazen Fetters freed,- 
+Afcends to Earth with an impetuous Speed: 
+
+Her wounded Face a bloody Helmet hides. 
+
+And her Left Arm a batter’d Target guides : 
+
+Red Brands of Fire, fupportedin her Right, 
+
+The impious World with Flames and Ruin fright. 
+
+
+SECT. VIII. Fame. 
+
+
+c JF)Aufanias and d Plutarch fay, that there were Tem- 
+
+pies alfo dedicated to Fame. c She is finely and 
+
+delicately defcribed by Virgil , which Defcription I will 
+
+put 
+
+
+° Faufanias in Atticis. d Plut. in Camillo. 
+
+c Famn, malum quo non altud velochts ullum , 
+Mobil it ate viget, virrfq ; acquirit eundo. 
+
+Parva metn prim a ; moxfcfc at tollit in auras, 
+ingreditnrqne Jo/o, ts caput inter mdnla co)/dit , 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+piit at the End of this Section to five you the Trou¬ 
+ble of confulting the Book, though it is common ; and 
+it defences not only to be remembered* but tranfcribed 
+into all Books as there is Occafion. 
+
+
+
+IIlam Terra paiens, irritata Tear um 
+SLxtrcmam, ut per hi bent, C&o Enceladoqu* fororem 
+Progenuit, pedibiis cehrem & pernicibus alls : 
+
+Monjlrum borrehdum , ingens, cut qnot fane cor pore plum at: 
+Tot njigiles octili fubrer , mi r a bile diblu ! 
+
+Tot linguae, tot idem ora fan ant, tot Jubrigit aures • 
+
+Noble fvolat eczli medio, terreeque p?r umbram , 
+
+Strident, nec dulci declinat lumina fornno • 
+
+Luce fedet cufli s aut fummi culmine tefti, 
+
+Tur ribas aut ah is, Cf magnas teryitat urbes, 
+Tamfiblipra<viq m , tenax, quam nuncia veri. JEn. 4* 
+
+Fame, the great Ill, from fmall Beginnings grows. 
+
+Swift from the firft, and ev’ry Moment brings 
+New Vigour to her Flights, new Pinions to her Wings. 
+Soon grows the Pigmy to gigantick Size, 
+
+Her Feet on Earth, Her Forehead in the Skies, 
+
+Enrag’d againft the Gods, revengeful Earth, 
+
+Produc’d her laft of the Titanian Birth. 
+
+S.wift is her Walk; more fwift her winged Halle; 
+
+A monflrous Phantom, horrible and vail: 
+
+As many Plumes as raife her lofty Flight* 
+
+So many piercing Eyes enlarge her Sight: 
+
+Millions of op’ning Mouths to Fame belong. 
+
+And ev’ry Mouth is fiirnifh’d with a Tongue, 
+
+And round with lift'ning Ears th Qflying Plague is hung. 
+
+She fills the peaceful Univerle with Cries ; 
+
+No Slumbers ever clofe her wakeful Eyes : 
+
+By Day from lofty V ow’rs her Head fhe fhews. 
+
+An I fpreads thro’ trembling Crouds difaflrous News. 
+With Court-Informers haunts, and Royal Spies, 
+
+Things done relates, not done file feigns, and mingles Truth 
+
+with Lyes. 
+
+Talk is her Bufmcfs, and her chief Delight 
+To tell of Prodigies, and caufe Affright. 
+
+
+
+A a 2 
+
+
+SEC T. 
+
+
+
+SECT. IX. Fortune. 
+
+
+W HY was Fortune made a Goddefs, fays* St. Ait » 
+
+gujiine , fince flic comes to the Good and the Bad 
+without any 'Judgment f She is fo blind,, that without 
+Diftin£tion fhe runs to any- body ; and many times fhe 
+pafies by thofe that admire her, and flicks to thofe that 
+defpife her : So that b Juvenal had Reafon to fpeakin 
+the Manner he does to her. Yet the Temples that 
+have been confecrated to her, and the Names which 
+fhe has had, are innumerable the chief of them I 
+will point out to you. 
+
+She was fliled Aurea^ or Regia Fortuna and c an 
+Image of her fo fliled was ufually kept in the Em¬ 
+peror’s Chamber, and when one died, it was removed to 
+the Palace of his Succeflor. 
+
+She was worfhipped in the Capitol under the ,l Title 
+of Bona ; and in the Efqutlia under the Title of Mala . 
+
+Scrvius Tullus had in his Court a Chapel dedicated 
+to c Fortuna Barbata : She was called Brevis , or Parva , 
+in the fame Place. 
+
+She is alfo called Cccca, Blind. Neither is (he only, 
+fays f Cicero , blind hcrfelf, but fhe many times mak<j£ 
+thofe blind that enjoy her. 
+
+In fome Infcriptions flie is called s Confervatrix . 
+The Praetor Fulvius Flaccus , in Spain* when the 
+
+laft Battle was fought with the Celtiberi 9 vowed 1 a 
+
+
+* Aug. dc Civit. 1 . r. c. 18. 
+
+b Nullum vutnen abejt Ji fit prudentta ; Jed te 
+
+Idos facimus , Fortuna, Beam, cceloque locamus • Sat.' 29 . 
+
+Fortune is never worth ipp’d by the Wife, 
+
+But fhe, by Fools let up, ufurps the Skies. 
+
+Q Spart. in Sevcro. Gyr. Syntagm. 15. 4 Plin. & Cic. 
+
+Plut. in Quseft. 1 Dc Amicitia. c Ap, Gyr. Synt. 
+
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+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 357 
+
+Chapel to * Fortuna Equejlris , becaufe he in the Battle 
+commanded the Bridles to be taken off the Horfes, that 
+they might run upon the Enemy with the greater Force, 
+and Violence, whereby he got the Viftory. 
+
+Fars Fortuna , or b Fortis Fortuna , was another of her 
+Names ; and fhe was worfhipped by thofe who lived 
+without any Art or Care at all. 
+
+She had a. Chapel near the Temple of Venus , where 
+file was called c Mcifcula , .and ,l Virilis Mafoulina. 
+
+She was called c Muliebris , becaufe the Mother and 
+the Wife of Coriolanus faved the City of Rome. And 
+when her Image was confecrated in their Prefence, f it 
+fpoke thefe Words twice. Ladies , you have dedicated me 
+as you Jhould do. g Yet it was not lawful for all Matrons 
+to touch this Image, but for thofe only who had not 
+been married twice. 
+
+Mammofa , either from her Shape, or becaufe fha 
+fupplies us with Plenty. 
+
+Servius Fullus dedicated a Temple to Fortuna Ohfe - 
+quens , becaufe fhe obeys the Wifhes of Men. The 
+fame Prince worfhipped her, and built her Chapels, 
+where fhe was called by thefe following Titles : 
+
+Primigenia , h becaufe both the City and the Empire 
+received their Origin from her. 
+
+Privata^ or ' Propria: She had a Chapel in the 
+Court, which that Prince ufed fo familialJy, *that flic 
+was thought to go down through a little Window 
+into his Houfe. 
+
+Her Temple at Pranejle , k from whence flic was 
+called Pr&nejlina , was more famous and notable than 
+
+
+a Vide Livium, 1 . 41, 42. b Confulc cundem Livium, 
+I. 27. c Plutarch tie Port. Roman. d Ovid, bailor. 1 . 4. 
+c Dion. 1 . 8. f Rite me, Matronal, dedicailis. Auguilin. 
+1. 4. c. 19. Val. Max. 1. 2 . c. 8 . c Serv. in 4 . vEneid. 
+8. l * Plutarch * i ibid. k Liv. 1 . 52. Saeton. in Domic. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods, of the Heathens. 
+
+
+all the reft, becaufe very true Oracles were uttered 
+there. 
+
+Do mitt an con fee rated a Chapel to a For tuna Redux , 
+
+In ancient Infcriptions (he is named u Stata . 
+
+To c Virgo Fortuna the little C.oats of the young 
+Girls were prefented. 
+
+Laftly, file was called d Vifcata or Vifcofa , becaufe 
+are caught by her as Birds are with Bird-Lime ; in 
+which Senfe Seneca { ays, c Kindnejjes are Bird-Lime . 
+
+
+a Mart. 1 . 8. b Apud. Gyrald c Arnobius z. adver- 
+fus Gentes. ,l Plutarch, in Quae ft. c Beneficia funt vift 
+cola. Seneca de Beneficiis. . 
+
+
+SECT. X- The Fever. 
+
+'TpEbrts (the Fever) had her Altars and Temples in 
+the PaLce. f She was woi (hipped that fhe fhould 
+not hurt: And for the fame Reafon they worfhipped 
+all the other Gods and GnddefTes of this Kind. 
+
+Fear an i Palenefs were fuppofed to be Gods, s and 
+worflupped by Tullus Hoftihus , h when in the Battle 
+betwixt the Romans and the Vejentes it was told him, 
+that the Albans had revolted, and the Romans grew a- 
+fraid and pale ; for, in this doubtful Conjecture, he 
+Vowed a Temple to Pallor and Pavar . 
+
+The Pe >ple of Gadara 1 made Poverty and Art God- 
+defles, becaufe the firji whets the Wit for the Difcovery 
+of the other . 
+
+Necejfity and Violence had their Chapel upon the Acro- 
+Corinthusy bur it was a Crime to enter into ifr. 
+
+M, Marccllinus dedicated d Chapel to Tempcjia r, 
+
+
+
+h Liv. 1 . i. 
+
+
+de Nat. Sc z . de Leg. & Auguflin. 1 . 4, 
+1 Arrian apud Gyr. Syntagm. 4. 
+
+
+c. 1 S. 
+with* 
+
+
+Oft he Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+359 
+
+
+-without the Gate of Gapena 9 after he had efcaped a fevere 
+Tempeft in a Voyage into thelfland of Sicily % 
+
+
+SECT. XI. Silence. 
+
+T> OT H the Romans and /Egyptians wor(hipped the 
+Jl5 Gods and God defies of Silence . The Latins parti¬ 
+cularly worfhipped a yfngeronia and Tacita , whofe Image 
+(they-fay) fiood upon the Altar of the Goddefs Folupia , 
+with its Mouth tied up and fealed, b becaufe they, who 
+endure their Cares with Silence and Patience ., do by that 
+Means procure to themfelves the greateft Pleafure. 
+
+The Egyptians worfhipped Harpocratis , as the God of 
+Silence , c after the Death of Ofir is . He was the Son of 
+Jfis . They offered the Firft-Fruits of the Lentils and 
+Pulfe to him. They confecrated the Tree Petfea to 
+him, becaufe the Leaves of it were (haped like aTongue, 
+and the Fruit like an Heart. He was painted naked, 
+and the Figure of the Boy, crowned with an Egyptian 
+Mitre, which ended at the Points as it were in two 
+Buds : He held in his Left-hand a Horn of Plenty, 
+whilfl: a Finger in his Right-hand was upon his Lip, 
+thereby commanding Silence . 
+
+And therefore I fay no more; neither can I better be 
+filent, than when a God commands me to be fo : Not- 
+withftanding I am not fo careful of the Dire&ion or the 
+vain Com m and s o f th is mute God., this pi ecus p iter , p itchy 
+Toutb (as Martianus calls him, becaufe the Complexion 
+of the Egyptians is black) but as there is a Time to Jpeak , 
+fo there is a Time to hold one’s Peace ; as we arc afFured 
+by the Mouth of the Wife Man from that one and true 
+
+
+u MacrobiusSat. Plut.in Ntima. Plin. 1 . 3. b Quod qui 
+fuosangores (unde Angcroniadida oil) suquo animoferunt, 
+perveniunt ad maximum voluptatcm, c Eniph. 3 contra 
+
+
+j. 1 jcjv fc s, 
+
+
+God's 
+
+
+A a 4 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+God? who fpeaks once for an Eternity, and in one 
+Word exprefles all Things ; whereas how little have 
+I exprefled all this Time in a Multitude of Words? 
+flow vain have I been, and troublefome to you, Palceo- 
+philus ? My long, idle ? and unfkilful Difcourfes have 
+been yery tedious and troublefome to you ; I acknow» 
+ledge my Fault, and fhall fay no more for Shame. 
+
+P. But I rtnift not be filent; for, deareft Sir, your 
+extraordinary Civility tome, as well as your great Merit, 
+commands me at all Times and Places to fpeak and write 
+of you with Honour, to e^prefs my Gratitude as much 
+as 1 can that Way, if I am not fo able to do it in ano- 
+
+
+
+A N 
+
+
+■ 
+
+
+A. 
+
+* 
+
+/jBeona y or Adeoita , was a guardian Goddefs to grown 
+^ Perfons Page 290 
+
+Abfyrtus tom to Pieces by his Sifter Medea 305 
+
+Achelousy turns himfelf into a Serpent, then into a Bull; in 
+which Shape he is conquered by Hercules 302 
+
+Acheron, one of the infernal Rivers 248 
+
+Achilles, his Birth, 329. And Education, ihid. Invulnera¬ 
+ble, fave only in the Foot, ibid. Hid by his Mother to 
+prevent his going to Troy , and difeovered by CJlyJfes, 330 
+kills Heftor, and is himfelf killed by Paris ibid. 
+
+Acid alia , one of the Titles of Venus nz 
+
+Aconitum, Wolf-bane, grew iirft out of the Vomit of Cer¬ 
+berus 3 00 
+
+Attceon, turned into a Deer by Diana, and torn in Pieces 
+by his own Dogs 218 
+
+Adonis , Venus* s Gallant, killed by a Boar, and by Venus 
+turned into the Flower of Anemone 126 
+
+Adrajl/va , the fame with NcjneJis, one of the Goddeftes of 
+Juilice. ^ ^ 195 
+
+Adfcriptitii Dii, Gods of the lower Rank and Dignity 7 
+
+A '.ants, one of the infernal Judges 2 6z 
+
+JEuiftor, 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+'AEcaJlor, an Oath only ufed by Women, as H&r-de was uie^ 
+only by Men 31I 
+
+. .JEd&pol, an Oath ufed both by Men and Women Hid, 
+AEgcosz, one of the Giants 265 
+
+AEgeus, drowns himfelf in the Sea, which from him was 
+afterwards called the JEgean Sea 306 
+
+JEgis, 'Jupiter 's Shield, defcribed 13 
+
+AEgma, debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of Fire 35 
+Aello, one of the Harpyes 271 
+
+AEolus, the God of*the Winds * ‘ - 164 
+
+AE/culaptus, his Birth, Education, and wondeful Skill in 
+Fhyfic, reltores the Dead, to Life, 3.17. Jupiter, on Plu¬ 
+to's Complaint, ftrikes himdead with Thunder, 318.' He 
+is worfhipped as a God, ibidy His Children 339 
+
+AEfadanus, one of the Gods of Wealth 349 
+
+AEfon, the Father of Jafozi ; when very old and decrepid, 
+xeftored to Youth by Medeci 305 
+
+AEta, the Father of Medea , and King of Colchis ibid, 
+
+AEthra, the Wife of Atlas , 1 324 
+
+AEtnacus, one of the Titles of Vulcan j37 
+
+Agamemnon, chofen General again It Troy ; at his Return 
+murdered by his Wife Clytemnejlra 312 
+
+Aganippe, and Aganippides, the common Names of the Mu- 
+fes, 391. Nymphs of Pbczbus 224 
+
+Agenoria, a guardian Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Agclajlus , and Agcfdaus, Names of Pluto 252 
+
+Aglaia , one of the Graces 
+
+Agraas, one of the Names of Arijlaus 207 
+
+Ajax, kills himfelf, and his Blood is turned into Violets 332 
+Aias Locutius, a tutelar God to adult Perfons 292 
+
+Aloion, a Giant killed by Hercules 301 
+
+Abides, one of the Names of Hercules 296 
+
+Alcithoe, turned into a Bat 70 
+
+Alcmota , deceived by Jupiter-, who transformed himfelf into 
+die Shape of her Ilufband Amphytrion • 15 
+
+A lotto, one of the Furies 259 
+
+A bit ry on turned into a Cock 82 
+
+Ahntts , and Alumnus, Titles o£ Jupiter, 23. Alma Mater, and 
+Al/rix, Titles of Ceres 182 
+
+Alocus, one of the Giants that warred againfl. Heaven 26> 
+Alp he us, attempts Diana, but is difappointed 2 jo 
+
+Am a It bevd Vj Horn defcribed 13,302 
+
+Anuvcxm, 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+$ ubdued by 
+
+307 
+
+186 
+
+
+x8 
+of Ills 
+ibid. 
+
+
+
+315 
+
+86 
+
+
+Jf/ntizonj, Military Women, defcribed, 307. 
+
+Hercules , 299. And by Thefteus 
+Atnbetvalia, S acri fi c e s offere d to Ceres 
+Atnbrojta, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+Arnica, Aphrodite, Apbroditis, Anadyo?nene, nz. Apaturia, 
+hi. Armata, 110. Aft arte. Names and Titles of Venus 
+
+. .. . in 
+
+Ammon, or Hammon, one of Jupiter's Names 
+Amphion, builds the Walls of Thebes by the Mafic 
+Harp, 328. This Fable explained 
+Amp by trite, Neptune's Wife' 
+
+Andromeda , deliver’d by Perfeus from a Sea-Monfler 
+An cilia, holy Shields kept in the Temple of Mars 
+AngerC 7 ia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 291 
+
+Angeronia, one of the GoddeEes of Silence 359 
+
+Anteeus, a Giant overcome by Hercules 301 
+
+Anteros , one of the Names of Cupid 124 
+
+Ante-vcrt a, Poftverta, Pror/a, Pro/a, or Porrima, a tutelar 
+• Goddefs to Women in Labour 2S7 
+
+Anthia, and Argi^va, Titles of Juno 91 
+
+Antiope, debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of a Satyr 15 
+Anubis, an ^Egyptian God with a Dog’s Head 336 
+
+Aomdes , the Mules fo called 191 
+
+Apaturia, a Title of Venus, 111. Feftivals folemnly kept in 
+Honour of Bacchus, called alfo Ambrofta and A/colia 68 
+Apis , a God worfhipped by the ^Egyptians under the Shape 
+of an Ox, 336. A Defcription of him 339 
+
+Apollo, his Image deferibed, 29. His Parentage, 30. Place 
+of Birth, and admirable Endowments, 3 1. His memora¬ 
+ble Attions, ibid . What was meant by the Fable o f Apollo 
+
+4 l 
+
+Aracbne, turned into a Spider by Minerva 103 
+
+Ares, Mars fo called by the Greeks 80 
+
+Areopagus Mars's Hill, fo called, becaufe Mars was there 
+tried for Jnceit and Murder, 80. Capital Crimes always 
+tried there. ibid, 
+
+Areopagitee, ' Judges of the grcatefl Integrity ibid, 
+
+Are thuja, one o fDiqua's Nymphs courted by Alpheus, 225. 
+Difcovers to Ceres, that Pluto carried away Projcrpinc, 
+255. Is turned into a Fountain wliofc Water mixes 
+with (he Stream of the River Alpheus in Sicily ibid. 
+Argjva, one of the Names of Juno 91 
+
+Argonauts, 
+
+
+
+I N D E 
+
+Argonauts, JaJon's Companions, that went with him t <s 
+fetch the golden Fleece 304 
+
+Argentinus, one of the Gods of Wealth * 34.9 
+
+Argus , fent by Juno to keep /o, 89. Is killed by Mercury y 
+and afterwards by Juno turned into a Peacock 90 
+
+Ariadne, married to Thefeus, and afterwards to Bacchus by 
+whom ihe was made a Conftcllation 307 
+
+Arion, an admirable Mufician, robbed and thrown into the 
+Sea, 328. Carried fafe to Land on the Back of a Dol- 
+
+ibid . 
+207 
+1 10 
+
+3S§ 
+
+62 
+
+Eagle 
+
+
+phin 
+
+Arijlaeus , one of the rural Gods 
+
+Armata , a Title of Venus 
+
+Art , worlhipped as a Goddefs 
+
+Afcalaphusy turned into an Owl 
+
+Afcoliay Games in Honour of Bacchus 
+
+AJieria, carried away by Jupiter , in the Shape of an 
+
+
+120 
+99 
+
+238 
+Is re- 
+
+His 
+
+
+Ajlerope , one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+AJirtea, the Princefs of JuiHce 193, 344 
+
+Atalcmta , and Hippomenes, two unfortunate Lovers, their 
+Hiitory, 119. Are both turned into Lions 
+Athena , one of the Names of Minerva 
+Athamasy murders his own Son Learchus 
+Atlasy iuftains the Heavens on his Shoulders, 323. 
+lieved by Hercules , who holds them for him, ibid. 
+Parentage, ibid . His Children, 324. Is turned into a 
+Stone by Perfeusy ibid\ The Meaning of this Fable, ibid. 
+Atreus , kills and feeds upon his own Child 269 
+
+Atroposy one of the Fates 258 
+
+Atys, Attcsy or Attincs , a Favourite of Cybele , emafculate* 
+himfelf 17# 
+
+Atysy the Son of Crcefus , born dumb, and reltored to his 
+Speech by a Fright ibid. 
+
+Avernusy a Lake on the Borders of Hell 246 
+
+Averrunctts , a tutelar God to adult Perfons 291 
+
+Augcas, his Stable contain^ three-thoufand Oxen, and yet 
+
+' 299 
+
+200 
+
+v 6 
+
+Car- 
+
+ibid. 
+
+21$ 
+
+B . Baa 4 
+
+
+clean fed in one Day by Hercules 
+Avijlupcr , one of the Titles of Priapus 
+Aurca, a Title of Fortune 
+
+Aurora , Her Defcription, 133. Her Defcent^ 134 
+lies Qcphalus and Tit bonus into Heaven 
+Autolycus, a moil notorious Thief 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+B. 
+
+
+D A a. /, Be el, Beelpbegor , Beehzebuh , Belize men, Belus, Namacr 
+of 'Jupiter 19 
+
+Babylon > the Walls of it, one of the {even Wonders or 
+
+the World 46 
+
+Bacchus , his Image deforibed, 37. His Birth, 59. His fo- 
+veral Names, 61. His Exploits, 64. The feveral Sa¬ 
+crifices offered to him, 66. The hiftorical Meaning of the 
+Fable of Bacchus, 70. The moral Senfe of it 73 
+
+Bacchanalia, Fcltivals in Honour of Bacchus 69 
+
+Baccba:, Priefteffes of Bacchus , 67. Nymphs of Bacchus 
+
+225 
+
+Bdrbata, one of the Titles of Venus, hi. And one of the 
+Titles of For tuna 356 
+
+BaJJarides , Nymphs of Bacchus 223 
+
+Bat/us, turned by Mercury into a Stone called 
+Betides , fifty Daughters of Danaus, who all except one killed 
+their Hufbands on the Wedding-Night, 268. The Pa- 
+, nifhment they fuffer for it in Hell ibid* 
+
+Belteropbon, his Parentage and admirable Chaftity, 316. Ex- 
+pofed for it to many Dangers, which he efcapes from* 
+316. Catches Pegafus , and on his Back de(troys:the Chi- 
+mar a, for which King Jobates gives him his Daughter in. 
+Marriage, ibid. This Succefs makes him vain and info- 
+lent, for which Jupiter ftrikes him with Madnefs, in which 
+miferable Condition he dies ibid* 
+
+Betteropbon's Letters, thofe which any Man carries to his 
+own Prejudice 316 
+
+Bellerus , King of Corinth, killed b y Belterophon 315 
+
+Belli c a , a Pillar before the Temple of Bellona , over which 
+the Herald throws a Spear when he proclaims War 78 
+Bellona , the Goddefs of War, 77. Her Offices ibid* 
+
+Bt(/ts, King of AJJyria, the fir ft to whom an Idol was fet up 
+and worshipped, 3. One of the Names of Jupiter 19 
+Benejicium , worfliipped by the ^Ethiopians 29 z 
+
+Bcrccyntb'ta Mater , one or the Titles of Cybcle 171 
+
+Berg ion, a Giant flain by Hercules 301 
+
+Biblis, falls in love with her Brother Caunus , 56. Pines 
+away for Grief, dies and is turned into a. Fountain 5 1 
+Biceps, and Bfront, two Names of Janus 149 
+
+Biformiiy 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+B(formis, Brifeus, Bromius, Bimeter, Bhnator , and Bagents, 
+
+Names of Bacchus 61 
+
+of Erymantbia, tamed by Hercules 299 
+
+Bolin a, a Nymph, drowns herfelf, but is afterwards made 
+immortal • 34 
+
+one of the Titles of Cybele, 173, And of For- 
+tuna 356 
+
+Bonus Daemon, one of the Titles of Priapus 206' 
+
+Briareus, one of the Giants that warr’d again# Heaven 
+
+
+265 
+
+356 
+
+214 
+
+215 
+
+25 
+63 
+i bid. 
+
+
+Brevis, one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Brimo , and Bubaftis, Names of Hecate or Diana 
+Britomartis, made a Goddefs 
+Brontaios , one of Jupiter's Titles 
+Bruma , one of the Names of Bacchus 
+Brumalia , Feftivals in Honour of Bacchus 
+Bubona, a Deity presiding over Oxen 
+.£«//, of a prodigious Size and Fiercenefs, tamed by Hercules 
+
+299 
+
+Bulla, a golden Ornament worn about the Necks of the 
+Roman Youth 2 3 o 
+
+Bunesa, one of y«;/o’s Names pr 
+
+Bujiris, a cruel Tyrant, that .offered human Sacrifices to his 
+• Father Neptune, killed by Hercules , and facrificed to_ Nep¬ 
+tune 301 
+
+c. 
+
+jT*Abirt, Priefls of Cybele 
+
+Caballinus Fans, the Mufes Spring 
+
+
+1 77 
+
+* ~ 3*5 
+
+Cacits, the Son of Vulcan, 159. Proves a mofl notorious 
+
+Robber, and is killed by Hercules 302 
+
+Cadmus, banifhed, 17. Builds the City of Thebes, invents 
+the greatell Part of the Greek Alphabet; fovvs the Teeth 
+of a Dragon in the Ground, from whence armed Men 
+fpring up ; marries Herrnione ; both he and flic arc turned, 
+into Serpents, 1The Meaning of this Fable ibid. 
+Caduceus, Mercury's Wand, deferibed 54 
+
+Ca.'ca, one of the Titles of For tuna 356 
+
+Cm cuius, a Robber, Vulcan's Son 160 
+
+Ccents, a Woman that turned herfelf into a Man 236 
+
+Calendars, Caprotina , Citheronia, Curis, Curitis, and Cin.xia, 
+Names and 'Titles of Juno 91, 9 ~ 
+
+Ccdijh , debauched by Jupiter under the Shape of Diana, 15. 
+
+Turned 
+
+
+
+I 1ST D £ X. 
+
+
+‘ 259 
+
+3 th<V 
+
+239 
+
+203 
+
+*9 
+
+2 77 
+^no- 
+
+ibid » 
+
+
+.Turned intn a Bear, and makes a Conflellatlon x6 
+Calliope, one of the Mufes 189 
+
+Calunmy, worfhipped as a Goddefs 352 
+
+Catnbyfes, punifhed for wounding Apis with his Sword 340 
+Camillas, Ca/millus, or Cadmillus , one of the Names of 
+Mercury 5 2- 
+
+Camilli, and Camilla,.. all* Boys and .Girls under Age fo 
+called ibid, 
+
+Camawa, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 28$ 
+
+Canephoria , Sacrifices offered to Bacchus , 68 
+
+Canes, a Name of the Furies '■ 
+
+Canopus, one of th e ^Egyptian Gods, fights with Tj'w 
+God of the Chaldeans, and vanquifhes him 
+Cant hams, Silenus‘ > s Jug, dele rib ed 
+Capitolinus, a Title of Jupiter 
+Gardua, an Jrloufhold Goddefs 
+
+Carmenta (one of them) the fame with Themis, 193. 
+
+ther, a famous Prophetefs o‘f Rome 
+Carna, or Cartiea , a tutelar Goddefs;to new-born Infants 289 
+Cajjtope, or CaJJiopeia, made a Conftellation ' 3 x5 
+
+Gaftalides, the Mufes fo called 191 
+
+Cajlor and Pollux, Twins,, their Birth, 309. Their A&ions, 
+310. Share Immortality between them, ibid . Are made ■ 
+the Conftellation Gemini . ... ibid, 
+
+Catius, a tutelar God to adult Perfons 292 
+
+Celano, one of the Harpyes, 271. And one of the Daugh¬ 
+ters of Atlas • 324* 
+
+Celejlial Gods, thofe of the higheft Dignity, 6. CeleftinI 
+Nymphs 223 
+
+Centaurs , half Men and half Horfes, 270. Overcome by 
+Thcfeus 307 
+
+Centipeda, one of the Titles of Jupiter 23 
+
+Cephalus, carried by Aurora into Heaven, 134. Marries 
+Procris, ibid. Kills her unawares 135 
+
+Gcraanitts, one of the Titles of Jupiter 20 
+
+Cerberus, a Dcfcription of him, 249. Conquer'd and brought: 
+
+up from Hell by Hercules 300 
+
+Ceres, her Image deferibed, 178. The ufcful Arts fiie taught 
+Men . ^ {so 
+
+Qhakea, Fefiivals in Honour of Fulcan 
+
+Chantes, the three Graces, their Defceut, 125. ADefcrip- 
+tion of them 
+
+Charybdis p 
+
+
+
+f 
+
+
+
+Charybdis , a'ravenous Woman turned into a Gulph, 243* 
+The Meaning of this Fable . ibid* 
+
+Charon, the Ferry-Man of'Hell, a Defcription of him, 217. 
+His OiEce ; ' \ ‘ ibid. 
+
+Chajlity, worfhipped as a Goddefs # -345 
+
+Cbinuera , a ftrange Monflcr, defcribed, 272. Killed by Bel- 
+lerophon, 272, and '316., The Meaning of the Fable of 
+the Chimasra ibid* 
+
+Cbione , contemns Diana's Beauty, “and is therefore (hot thro' 
+
+the Tongue 21 5 
+
+Chloris, married to Zephyrus 2I 9 
+
+Chiron, the Centaur, ‘his Parentage, is excellently fkilled in 
+Phyfic, 3x7. Teaches this Art to JB/culapius , 319. 
+
+Appointed Tutor to Achilles, ibid . Wounded by one of 
+Hercules's Arrows, and dies of his Wound, ibid. Tranf- 
+
+latedinto the Heavens, and made the Conftellation Sagit- 
+tarius ibid; 
+
+
+Circe, a very famous Sorcerefs, banifhed for poifoning her 
+Hufbarid, 49., Falls in Love with Glaucus , and turns her 
+Rival Scylla into a Sea-Monfter* ibid. Turns the Com¬ 
+panions of Ulyjfes into Beafts. and reftores them again to 
+their former Shapes, ibid. The Meaning of this Fable, ibid* 
+
+
+Cithcsrides, or Cither.iades , the Mules fo called 191 
+
+Claucina , one of the Names of Venus 11 1 
+
+Clasvfoer* one of the Titles of Janus, ICO. Andofflir- 
+
+cules - 297 
+
+Claujius , or Clujius, one of the Names of Janus 151 
+
+Clemency , worfhipped as a Goddefs 34? 
+
+Clio , one of the Mufes 189 
+
+Clitie, turned into a Sun-flower 35 
+
+Clot bo, one of the Fates 25 S 
+
+Clowns of Lycia, turned into Frogs by Latona, for muddying 
+the Water while fhe was drinking *32 
+
+Clytcmncjlra , kills her Hufband Agamemnon, and is kilied by 
+her Son Qrejlts 313 
+
+Clytoris , deflowered by Jupiter in the Shape of an Ant 15 
+Cocytus, one of the Infernal Rivers 249 
+
+Collin a, the God of the Hills 228 
+
+
+Colofliis of Rhodes , one of the feven Wonders of the World, 
+
+
+deferibed 45 
+
+Gompitalitii , Compitalitia , or Coni pit alia. Games in Honour 
+of th e. Lares, or Houfliold-Gods 280 
+
+Compile Up 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Complices Dii, Hou/hold-Gods 278 
+
+Concord, worfhipped as a Goddefs 347 
+
+Cotifentes Dii, Superior Gods, 7. Alfa the Hou/hoJd-Gods 
+
+271 
+
+Confer<vator 9 one of Jupiter's Titles 24 
+
+Confer'vatriXy one of the Titles of Fortune 356 
+
+Co?ifus, one of the Names of Neptune, to whofe Honour 
+Games were folemnized, called Conjualia, 233. Alfo a 
+tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 291 
+
+Contumely, worfhipped as a Goddefs 352 
+
+Goronis, one of the Daughters of sit las 304 
+
+Cortina , the fame with the Tripos in the Temple of Apollo at 
+Delphis 3 9 
+
+Cronia, Feil'ivals in Honour of Saiurst 143 
+
+Cunia, and Garment a, tutelar Goddefles to new-born Infants 
+
+288 
+
+Cupid his Defcent, 123. Two different Cupids mentioned 
+by the Poets, 124. His mighty Power, tho* a Boy ibid\ 
+Curetes , Cory bant es , and Cabiri , Priefls of Cybele 177, 178 
+Cujlos, one of the Titles of Jupiter 19 
+
+Cybele, a Defcription of her Image, 170. Her Names, 
+171. Her Sacrifices, 176. Her Priefls 177 
+
+Cyclops , the Servants of Vulcan, 182. Detfroyed by Apollo 32 
+Cyllenius, one of the Names of Mercury 5 6 
+
+Cynthius , one of Apollo's Titles 36 
+
+Cyparijfus , a very beautiful Youth turned into a Cyprefs -Tree 
+
+33> 203 
+
+Cypris, Cypria , Cyprogenia, Cythcris , Cytberca , and Calva, 
+Names of Venus \ 1 r 
+
+Cpv/Ps Palace, one of the feven Wonders of the World 46 
+
+D. 
+
+
+/) Afdalus, a famous Artificer, an Account of his Inven¬ 
+tions, $0. Is fiiut up in the Labyrinth, but flies out 
+of it with artificial Wings 46 
+
+D<emon Bonus, Dithyrambus, Dionyfius, Dionyfus, Names of 
+
+Bacchus 6 2 
+
+Bcemon Bonus , one of the Titles of Priapus 20 5 
+
+Dauae, corrupted by Jupiter »in the form of a Golden Show¬ 
+er, 14., 314. Afterwards married to King Pihwmus ibid. 
+Hon a ides, fifty Daughters of Danaus , punifhed in Hell for 
+
+B b killing 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+killing their Hulbands on the Wedding-Night 264 
+Daphne, turned into a Laurel 34 
+
+Dea Syria, one of the Titles of Venus in 
+
+Death, worlhipped as a Goddefs 3 its Defcription. 261 
+Decima, one of the Fates 258 
+
+Dei antra, the Wife of Hercules, occafions his Death 303 
+Delius, Delphicus, Delphinaus, Didynicsas, Names o£ Apollo 37 
+Delos, at firfl a Woman, then a floating Ifland, afterwards a 
+fix£d one, called alfo Ortygia 130 
+
+Deucalion, King of Theffaly, reftores the Race of Mankind 
+•deftroyed by a Deluge, 367. The Meaning of this Fable 
+
+ibid, 
+
+De'verra, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women 286 
+Diana, her Image defcribed, 209. The fame with the 
+Moon, 210. Her Temple at Ephefus, one of the feven 
+Wonders of the World 5 45. One of the Nuptial God- 
+deffes • 284 
+
+Diana Lucina, a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+Diana 'Taurica, a Goddefs to whom Men and Women were 
+offered in Sacrifice 
+
+Didiymta, one of the Names of Diana 
+Dies, and Diefpiter , Names of Jupiter . 
+
+DU majorum Gentium, the fuperior Deities 
+DU muiorum Getitium, the fub or din ate Deities 
+
+
+/’ 
+
+
+3*3 
+
+215 
+
+22 
+
+7 
+
+277 
+
+
+DU Indigetes, and Adfcriptitii, Gods that once were Men 
+
+
+7 
+
+
+DU Funerum, the Gods prefidipg over the Dead 
+Dindytnene, and D indy me. Names of Cybele 
+Diomcdes, a Tyrant of Thrace, fubdued by Hercules, 
+given for Food to his Horfes 
+Diotiyjius, or Dionyfus , Names of Bacchus 
+Dionyfia, Feftivals in Honour of Bacchus 
+Dir#, the Names of the Furies 
+Dis, one of the Names of Pluto 
+Di/cord, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Dodona's Grove 
+Dodoneus , a Name of Jupiter 
+Dolius, a Name of Mercury 
+J)omtduca v one of the Titles of Juno 
+Domiducus, and Domitius, two of the Nuptial Gods 
+Domina , or Defpoina , one of the Titles of Profcrpinc 
+Doris, a Sea-Nymph 
+Dr Games, by what Paffage falfe ones, and by what Ways true 
+' ones 
+
+
+294 
+
+293 
+
+172 
+
+and 
+
+299 
+
+62 
+
+69 
+
+252 
+
+251 
+
+353 
+
+20 
+
+i bid. 
+
+57 
+
+284 
+
+ibid, 
+
+254 
+
+224 
+
+
+
+2 6 z 
+
+274 
+
+
+
+I N D EX 
+
+ones are conveyed to Men 
+Druids, Priefts among the Gauls' 
+
+Dryades, Nymphs of the Woods 
+
+
+E. 
+
+% 
+
+V 
+
+J? C-HO, debauched by Pan, 199. Pines away for Love 
+
+of Narciffus - 22 6 
+
+Edttca , or Edufa, a tutelar Goddels to new-born In¬ 
+fants 289 
+
+Egeria, one of Juno's Titles, 92. - Aifo a tutelar Goddefs 
+to Women in Labour 287 
+
+Eleftra, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+Elzcius, a Name of 'Jupiter- 
+Elens , Eleleus, Eleutberius , Names of Bacchus 
+Eloides , Nymphs of Bacchus 
+Elcufitiia, one of the Names of Ceres, 185. 
+
+Sacrifices to Geres ; Minora to Proferpina • . 
+
+Elyfiati Fields, defcribed 
+JL??ipufcs, the Gorgons, a Defcription of them 
+E?zdymion , a Gallant to the Moon 
+E?i<vy, worlhipped as a Goddefs 
+Enialius , one of the Titles of Mars 
+
+Ephialtes , one of the Giants that warred againft Heaven 265 
+Epilcenea, Sacrifices offered to Bacchus 67 
+
+Epijlr- phia, a Ndme of Vestas 114 
+
+Equejlris, one of the Titles of Fortune ■ 35 7 
+
+Erato, one of the Mufes 189 
+
+Ergatis, one of the Names of Minerva 102 
+
+Erichthoneus , Erichtheus , or Erichthonicus , the Son of Vulcan 
+
+157 
+
+Erifuhthon > punifhed with perpetual Hunger, fo that he 
+devours his own Flefti 184 
+
+Erynnis , a common Name to the Furies 259 
+
+Eros, one of the Names of Cupid 124 
+
+Erycvta, a Name of Venus III 
+
+fit codes, and PoJyniccs, Brothers that bore the greatell Hatred 
+to each other; they killed each other, 2^4*. They are put 
+on the fame funeral Pile to be burnt, and the Flame.div ides 
+
+274 
+
+Evibus, Eweb us, E'Vcm, and Euchius , -Names of Bacchus 
+
+6 2, 63 
+
+En me Hides, the Names of the Furies ^ • 259 
+
+B b 2 Euphrojyue 
+
+
+63, 64 
+225 
+Majora, 
+ibid. 
+
+2 75 
+
+272 
+
+213 
+
+35 1 
+
+81 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Euphrofyne, one of the Graces ^ . I2 > 
+
+Exropa , carried away by Jupiter in the Shape of a. white Bull 
+
+16 
+
+Euryale, one of the Gorgons 27 t 
+
+Euterpe , or Enter pi a, one of the Mufes 190 
+
+
+F. 
+
+P 4 barite Calender, the firft Day of June 
+. Fabulinus, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 
+Faith , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Fame, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Fajcelisy a Title of Diana Fauric a 
+Fafcinum, one of the Names of Priapns 
+Fates, a Defcription of the Three, 257. 
+
+258. Their Names and Offices 
+Fauns, the fame as Satyrs, Rural Gods 
+
+
+280 
+ibid . 
+
+343 
+
+334 
+
+3 1 3 
+
+206 
+
+Their Defcent, 
+
+ibid. 
+204 
+
+
+205 
+
+173 
+
+358 
+
+ibid. 
+252 
+
+
+20 
+
+
+Faunas , or Fatuellus, the Hu {band of Fauna or Fat u ell a, 
+., both were fkilled in Prophecy 
+Fauna, and Fatua, Names of Cybele 
+Fear, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Fever, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Februus, one of the N ames of fYa/a 
+Februa, Sacrifices offered to appeafe the Ghoft of departed 
+Friends, 252. Alfo one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 286 
+Februalis, Februata, Februa, Februla , and Fluonia, Names 
+and Titles of Juno 93 
+
+Ferculus, one of the Houfhold-Gods 277 
+
+Feretrius, a Name of Jupiter 
+Feronia, a Goddefs of the Woods 2zo 
+
+Ferula, the Walking-ftaff of Silenus Z03 
+
+FeJJonia , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 348 
+
+Fidelity, worfhipped as a Goddefs 290 
+
+Flamen Pomonatis, a Prieft that only ferves Pomona 221 
+Flora, the Goddefs of Flowers, deferibed, 219. One of the 
+GoddefTes of Corn 
+
+Florales, or Floralia, Feafts in Honour of her 
+Florida, one of Juno's Titles 
+Fluviaks, Nymphs of the Rivers 
+Fornax, one of the Goddefies of Corn 
+Fortune, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Fors, Fovttina, or Fort is For tuna. Names of Fortune 
+Fraud, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+
+
+229 
+219 
+
+224 
+
+230 
+
+35 6 
+
+357 
+353 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+Fid gens, and Fulminatory Names of Jupiter 20, 2$ 
+
+Funeral Deities 293 
+
+Furies , a Defcription of the Three, 259. Their Defcenr, 
+ibid. Why three in Number, ibid. The Office of them, 
+260. What is meant by the Fable of the Furies ibid . 
+
+Fury , worfliipped as a Goddefs 354 
+
+G. 
+
+QAlathis, turned into a Weafel 361 
+
+Galaxia, the Milky-way in the Heavens^ why fo called 
+
+290 
+
+Galliy the Priefts of Cybele, their mad Behaviour, 171. The 
+Reafbn of their Name, and the Offices they were employ¬ 
+ed in ^ *75>&f e 7* 
+
+Ganymede , carried from Mount Ida to Heaven by Jupiter, 
+
+in the Shape of an Eagle 16 
+
+Gates, in the Palace of Somtius , one of Ivory , thro’ which 
+falfe Dreams pafs ; the other of Horn , thro* which true 
+Villons come 262 
+
+Gemini , one of the Conftellations in Heaven the fame with 
+Cajior and Pollux 311 
+
+Genitor, G rag os, and. Grap/zus , Names of Jupiter 2 1 
+
+Genii , the Guardian Angels of Men, 281. Sometimes the 
+fame with the Lares , 282. Or with the Damons, 283. 
+Their Images, ibid. Sacrifices, and the Offerings to 
+them, ibid . Bonus Genus, worfhipped as a God 284 
+Genius, one of the Names of Priapus 207 
+
+Geniul Day, the Birth-Day ; Genial Bed, the Marriage-Bed: 
+
+Genial Life , a Life of Senfuality and Pleafure '281 
+
+Gcryon, a Monitor with three Bodies, 270. Overcome by 
+Hercules . 300 
+
+Giants, endeavour to depofe Jupiter , but are deltroycd by 
+him 264 
+
+Glaucopis, one of the Titles of Minerva 104 
+
+Glaucus, a Fiihcrman, made a Sea-God 238 
+
+GnoJJis, one of the Names of Ariadne 307 
+
+Golden Age, defcribed by Virgil and Ovid 141 
+
+Golden FUecc, a Defcription of it 304 
+
+Gorgons, the Names and Defcription of them 27 1 
+
+Graces, three Sifters, their Defcent, 1 25. A Defcription. 
+
+of them ibid. 
+
+Grace-cup, filled with Wine and Water, and drank off to 
+
+B b 3 the 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+. the Sonus Genius 
+
+Gradivus , one of the Titles of "Mars 
+Greek Letters, by whom invented . 
+
+
+H. 
+
+
+35o 
+
+80 
+
+l 7 
+
+
+JET Ades, one of the Names of Pluto _ 251 
+
+•* ^ Hares Mania , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+
+
+291 
+
+3*4 
+
+222 
+
+359 
+
+271 
+
+34 ** 
+
+88 
+
+
+Halcyotte , one of the Daughters ot Atlas 
+Hamadryades , Nymphs of the Woods 
+Harpocrates, the God of Silence 
+Harpyes, their Names and a Defcription of them 
+
+worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+
+Hebe, the Goddefs of Youth, her Birth and Office r 
+
+Difgraces herfelf by an unlucky Fall, and is turned out of 
+her Office ibid* 
+
+Hecate , why Diana was called by this Name 211,213 
+Helena , the moll beautiful Virgin in the World, runs away 
+with Paris, 122. After his Death marries his Brother 
+Deiphobus, ibid . She betrays him to Menelaus, and fo 
+becomes reconciled to him ibid. 
+
+Helicon, the Mufes Mount 315 
+
+lieliconides, or Helicon ades, tile Mufes fo called 195 
+
+Hell, deferibed 245 
+
+Helle, drowned in that Sea which from her is iince called the 
+Hellefpont . 304 
+
+Helle/pontiacus , one of the Titles of Priapus 206 
+
+Herat a. Sacrifices offered to Juno 91 
+
+Hercules, his Birth, 296. His Names, 295. His Labours, 
+287, His Death 303 
+
+Hercule , Hercle , Hercules , an Oath taken only by Men, 
+whereas Women ufed the Oath JEcaftor 311 
+
+Herns*e, Statues of Mercury , fet up for the Dire&ion of 
+Paffengevs and Travellers 56 
+
+Hermaphroditus , and Sabiacis, made into one Perfon, called 
+an Hermaphrodite 55 
+
+Hcrmathettce , Images ufed among the Romans 57 
+
+Hermes , one of Mercury *s Names 56 
+
+Hcnnione , the Daughter pf Mars and Venus, 81, Promiled 
+to Orejlcs , but married to Pyrrhus 3 1 z 
+
+Heftotte, the Daughter of King Laowedott, delivered from a 
+Sca-Monftcr by Her cults 302 
+
+Hcjper , 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+He/fer, Hefperus , or Hefperugo , the Brother of Atlas , turned 
+into an Evening-Star . 326 
+
+Hefperides, the three Daughters of Hefperus y ibid . In their 
+Garden golden Apples grew, over which a Dragon kept 
+Watch. Hercules deftroys the Dragon, and takes away 
+the Fruit 303, 326 
+
+Hindy with brazen Feet and golden Horns, hunted and 
+caught by Hercules ' 300 
+
+Hippius, and Htppodromus, Names of Neptune 233 
+
+Hippocampiy Sea-Horfes that drew Neptune's Chariot, de- 
+feribed ibid. 
+
+Hi'ppocrcne, the Mufes Fountain 315 
+
+Hippocrenidesy the Mufes fo called 191 
+
+Hippolytusy the Son of H’bfeus, of exemplary Chhflity, is 
+killed by a Fall from his Chariot, and reftored to Life 
+by JEfculapius ' 308 
+
+Hippolytey Queen of the Amazons - 299 
+
+Hippomeney and Ataln7ita 9 two Lovers, their Misfortuiies> 
+119.- Are both turned into Lions 120 
+
+Hipponay a Goddefs prefiding over Horfes and Stables 228 
+HippontiSy the Name of Sellerophon 3 1 5 
+
+Hippotadesy one of the Names of y£olus 164. 
+
+Hipfypbiley Queen of Lemnos 7 has Twins by Jafoiiy and is 
+forfaken by him 304 
+
+Hircusy the reputed Father of Orion .334 
+
+Homogynosy a Name of Jupiter 21 
+
+Ho?ioriusy a tutelar God to adult,Perfons 292 
+
+Honour , worfhipped as a God 342 
+
+Hope, found at the Bottom of Pandora's Box, 158, 320, 344* 
+Worfhipped as a Goddefs 343 
+
+Hoplofmia.y one of Juno's Titles 93 
+
+Horia, or Hora, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfbiis 290 
+Hortenfsy one of the Titles of Vetuis 
+Horns , one of the Names of the Sun 
+Hofiliua, one of the GoddefTes of Corn 
+Hoursy their Defcent, and how they are employed 
+Hyacinthusy killed by Apolloy with a Quoit 
+Hyades, feven of Alias's Daughters 
+Ilyas , the Son of Atlasy devoured by a Lion 
+Hydra , killed by Hercules 
+
+HygU'i 7, or Sani/as, Health, the Daughter of Alfadapt us 
+
+3 1 9 
+
+Hylas t a great Favourite of Hercules 3 oz 
+
+B b 4 Hyme- 
+
+
+11 2 
+
+44 
+
+220 ' 
+
+44 
+. 33 
+.324 
+
+. 32 ?, 
+298 
+
+
+
+I N I> E. X. 
+
+
+Hymcnasus, the God of Marriage 
+
+
+123 
+
+
+I. 
+
+
+« 
+
+I 
+
+
+Ac thus, one of the Names of Bacchus 63 
+
+Janus ,,his Image defcribed, 148,151. His Names and 
+Actions, 148. In all Sacrifices, Prayers are firfl offered 
+to him, 151. His Temple open in Time of War, but 
+fhut in Time of Peace, 153- The Meaning of the 
+Fable of Janus 154 
+
+yarns, a tutelar God to new-born Infants 288 
+
+Jani, a Place at Rome, where Ufurers and Stock-Jobbers 
+4 . ufe to meet 148 
+
+Janitor, one of the Titles of Janus 151 
+
+Jantbe, the Wife of Ip bis 338 
+
+JaJo, the Daughter of JEfcu/apius 3 19 
+
+JaJon, his Birth, 303. Makes an Expedition to fetch the 
+Golden Fleece, ibid . .Debauches the Queen of Le?nnos. 
+Gains the Fleece by the Afliflance of Medea, whom he 
+therefore marries, 304. But afterwards hates and for- 
+
+fakes her ... 3 °S 
+
+Icarus, flies with artificial Wings. The Sun melts the Wax 
+of them, fo that he falls into the Sea, and is drowned 50 
+Ida a Mater, one of Cybele* s Names 
+Idai Daftyli, Priefts of Cybe/e 
+Idalia , one of Ve?im s Names 
+Idolatry , whence it had its Rife, 2. 
+firfl exercifcd 
+
+Idolater, who was the firfl 
+Imperator, a Name of yupiter 
+Impudence , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+I?me bis, a Name of /o, or Ifis 
+
+Indigctcs Dii , Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 
+Ino, one of the Sea-Goddeffes 
+Intcrcidona, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women 
+Intcrduca, one of Juno's Titles 
+hmus, and Incubus , Names of Pan , 
+
+Io, Jupiter's Intrigue with her, 88. She turned into a Cow 
+89. After her Death, worfhipped by the Egyptians and 
+called IJis 336 
+
+lalatis, an old Man reflored to his Youth again 299 
+loh, Hercules falls in Love with her 303 
+
+Iphidus, the Son of Ampbitryo and Aktnena 29 j 
+
+Ipbigcnia, 
+
+
+1 74 
+
+178 
+
+112 
+
+In what Place it was 
+
+3 
+
+ibid . 
+
+21 
+
+35 z 
+238 
+
+7 
+
+238 
+
+286 
+
+9 Z 
+
+197 
+
+
+
+I N- D E X. 
+
+Ipbigenia 9 is carried to be facrificed to Diana Taurica, but 
+is fpared, and made her Prieilefs 313 
+
+I phis, a beautiful Virgin, turned into a Man, and marries 
+Ianthe . - *.* t '**- - '338 
+
+Iris, the .Servant of Juno , her Parentage and Offices, 87. 
+
+Never fent but to promote Strife and Dj/Tenfion 88 
+Iringes, the Daughter of Pan . 199 
+
+Ifu , a Goddefs, worfhipped by the Egyptians , called alfo Io 9 
+
+33 ^> 337 
+
+Judges of Hell, their Names and Characters ' 262 
+
+Juga, one of Juno’s Titles 93 
+
+Jugatinus , one of the Nuptial Gods ' 284 
+
+Juno, violated by Jupiter 9 in the. Shape of a Crow,' 14. 
+
+, Her image defcribed; her Birth - and Parentage*' 86. 
+
+Where born, ibid . Her Children, 88.- Her feveral 
+, Names, 91. Jealoufy her notorious Fault*'88. The 
+Signification of the Fable of Juno 95 
+
+Juno Inferna 9 a Name of Proferpina 254 
+
+Juno hucina 9 a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+Juno Cinxia , Perfefia 9 or Adult a, one of the Nuptial God- 
+defles . ... • 284 
+
+Junones , the Guardian Angels.of Women. 96 
+
+Junouius , one of the Titles of Janus 150 
+
+Jupiter , many of them, and of different Parentage iz 
+The famoufefl the Son of Saturn , ibid. A Defcription 
+of his Image, 10. Where born, and by whom educated, 
+12. His War with the Giants, 13. His fhameful De¬ 
+baucheries, 14. His feveral Names, 18. His Statue at 
+Olympia 9 one of the feven Wonders of the World, 46. 
+The Signification of the Fable of Jupiter 26 
+
+Jupiter Secundus, a Name of Neptune 25 z 
+
+Jupiter Tertiusy Infernus y Stygius 9 a Name of Pluto ibid* 
+Jupiter Per fell us, feu Adultus , one of the Nuptial- God' 
+
+Jujlice 9 worfhipped as a Goddefs 34 + 
+
+Jwventus, or Juventas, a tutelar Goddefs to Youth9 290 
+Ixion, attempts to ravifh Juno, and begets the Cf*t<* urr * 
+Mis Pimifhment in Hell 267 
+
+
+J ^Ahyrintb, made by Dad aim 
+■ Lachfuy one of the 
+
+
+258 
+.acini a , 
+
+
+
+I' N: D E X. 
+
+
+• « 
+
+
+L acini a? Latina, and Lucilia , Titles of Juno, 93. A tutelar 
+. Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+
+LaSlura, and Laffucina, one of the God defies ofCorn 229 
+Lamzce, Gorgans , a Defcription of them 271 
+
+Laomedon, King of breaks the Promife he had made to 
+; Hercules , wherefore Hercules defrays Troy 302 
+Lapis, or LapidettSy Titles of Jupiter 21 
+
+Lares', domeftic Gods, their D&cent,.' 279. Worfhipped in 
+-the Roads or Streets 280 
+
+liar aria. Places.where Sacrifices were offered to the Lares 
+
+' ibid* 
+
+Hater anus, one of the Koufhold-Gods 284 
+
+Lalialis, a Title of Jupiter < 21 
+
+Latium 9i ax\d Latini, Italy and Italians, fb called 140 
+
+Latona, Jupiter falls in Love with her, and has by her Apollo 
+
+.- and Diana• ■: .* »-•* ..v. . • - • - 130 
+
+Lanjerna, the Goddefs of Thieves 291 
+
+Lautia, the Name of fuch Prefents as are made to Strangers 
+
+■’ * • • ■*. ’ ■ • 2? 
+
+Learcbus ,, killed .by his Father Atbamas 238 
+
+Leda, abufed by 'Jupiter, in the Shape of a Swan, 15. The 
+. ^Manner of her Birth, her Intrigues With Jupiter, and the 
+- (Children fhe had by-him 310 
+
+Lemhziades, Nymphs of the Meadows and Fields- f 224 
+Lenaz, Priefleffes of Bacchus ’ '* " 6 7 
+
+Le flatus. Liber Pater, Liber Lyre us, Lyjtm, Names of Bacchus 
+
+; 63,61. 
+
+
+68 
+276 
+288 
+240 
+23 8 
+
+34 
+
+254 
+
+349 
+
+
+Le nestis, the Month of January fo called • 
+
+Lethe, a,River of Hell deferibed 
+Lanjana, tutelar*Goddefs to new-born Infants 
+Lewq/Ja, one of the Syrens - • • ' ‘ 
+
+Leucothea, the fame with I no, a Sea-Goddefs 
+Kp.ucot.hdfi, -turned into a Tree* bearing F-rankincenfe 
+^\r, one of the Names of Prcferpina 
+
+worfhipped as a Godclefs ’ uiy 
+
+b'tbztna, tile Goddefs of FUnerals> 293. Alfo the Grave 
+
+ibid . 
+293 
+
+240 
+224 
+
+337 
+
+2 59 
+22 
+
+Lucifer .» 
+
+
+ufef 
+
+> 1 
+
+\bitznatit t Officers that buried the Dead 
+£? ra * °*ie of tile Syrens 
+
+Nymphs of the Lakes and Ponds 
+
+Li/Ia/ 1 ' ; l Titlc of U* s 
+
+i//^*V/V/.r omfca , ccol,ntc ^ a founh Fury 
+' * " >nc oi the Titles of Jubiter 
+
+5 
+
+
+
+I- N 
+
+
+
+• 
+
+
+e x; 
+
+
+Lucifer, the Evening-Star • . 326 
+
+hucitta, one of the Names of Diana , 214. A tutelar God- 
+v defs to Women in Labour 287 
+
+Luna 9 the fame with Diana, 2 11 . Why Diana was called 
+by this Name 212 
+
+Lupercus, one of the Names of Pan 1 97 
+
+Luperci, Pan’s Priefts ibid* 
+
+Luperealia, Pan’s Sacrifices ibid* 
+
+Lycaon, King of Arcadia, turned into a Wolf by Jupiter * 
+for his monftrous Impiety * 14, 
+
+Lycian Clowns , turned into Frogs by Latona > for muddying 
+
+
+the Water whilft fhe was drinking 
+Lycurgus , cuts off his own Legs 
+Lygdnsp the Father of Iphis 
+
+
+M. 
+
+
+132 
+
+70 
+
+337 
+
+
+62 
+
+324 
+
+35 s 
+3S7 
+
+287 
+
+284 
+
+2S5 
+
+357 
+
+
+
+Ji/f AFnades, Bacchus's Companions 
+Macbaotty the Son of AS/culapius 
+Maia 9 one of the Daughters of Atlas 
+Malay one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Mammofa, one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Manageneta, a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 
+Manes 7 the Genii, or Guardians of Mankind 
+Mantuma, one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 
+Mafcula, one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Maturely one of the GoddefTes of Com 
+Matutay the fame with Leucothea, or I no, one of the Nuptial 
+GoddefTes 285 
+
+Mari na 9 MelatitSy Mel tents % Mtretrix, Migonitis, and Mur¬ 
+cia , Names of Venus 112,113 
+
+Marins Nymphs, 213. Marine Gods 231 
+
+Mars, his Image deferibed, 76, 77. His Defcent, 78. 
+His feveral Names, 79. The Story of his Son Terctts, 83. 
+His Adultery with Venus, 81. Sacrifices offered to him 85 
+Marfyas, challenges Apollo in Mufick, is overcome by him, 
+and turned into a River 35 
+
+Marti us y a Title of Jupiter 22 
+
+Manors, one of Mart's Names 79 
+
+Mm joins, his Tomb, one of the (even Wonders of the 
+World, deferibed 46 
+
+Medea, a wonderful Sorccrcfs, the Wife of Jafon, her Ex¬ 
+ploits 30 j 
+
+Midi- 
+
+
+
+I N D 
+
+
+
+
+Meditrina, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Meditrinalia, Sacrifices offered tp her ibid . 
+
+Medu/a, her Hair changed into Snakes, ici. Her Head 
+- fixed on Minerva s Shield, 96. One of the Gorgons 271 
+Megtera, one of the Furies 259 
+
+Mehercules, Mehercule, an Oath ufed only by Men 314 
+Me/eager, his Adventures .. .. - 216 
+
+Melies, Nymphs of the Fields 224 
+
+Melicerta, made a Sea-God 238 
+
+Meleius, one of the Names of Hercules 300 
+
+Mellona, the Goddefs of Honey 230 
+
+Melpometie, one of the Mufes 1&9 
+
+Memnon, killed by Achilles , in a Duel, 135. Turned in/o 
+a Fountain that once in a Year flows with Blood, ibid. 
+His Body turned into a Bird ibid. 
+
+Metnnonian Birds, deferibed ibid. 
+
+Memnon's Statue utters mufical Sounds ibid. 
+
+% • , 
+
+Me?ia , one of the Nuptial Goddefles 286 
+
+Mentha, Pluto's Miflrefs, turn’d into Mint . 256 
+
+Mercury , his Image deferibed, 51. His Parentage, his Of¬ 
+fices and Qualities 52 
+
+Mercy, worfhipped as a Goddefs 345 
+
+Merope, one of the Daughters of Atlas, married to Sijyphui 
+
+325 
+
+Metre, Mejlra, or Mef.re, the Daughter of Erijichton, one 
+that could transform herfelf into any Shape 236 
+
+Matron, Sacrifices offered up to Cyhele lyz 
+
+Midas, gives an unjufi Sentence again it Apollo, for which his 
+Ears are turned into the Ears of an Afs, 35. His Cove- 
+toufnefs proves his Ruin 65 
+
+Milky IF ay , in the Heavens, how made 290 
+
+MimaVoneSs Attendants on Bacchus 61 
+
+
+Minerva, a Defc notion of her Image, 96. Why fhe car¬ 
+ries Medufa the Gorgon s Head on her Shield, ibid. &C, 
+97, Why (tho* the Goddefs of War, yet) crowned with 
+Olive, 98, Her Contention with Neptune, about naming 
+► Athtns . ibid . Her Birth, ibid. Her fcvcral Names, 99. 
+
+The Meaning of the Fable of Minerva 104 
+
+Minos, one of the Infernal Judges 262 
+
+Minotaur, deferibed, 150. Overcome b y Thcfvus 306 
+
+Minufatlarii Dii , Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 7 
+Minutii Dii, Gods of the low ell Order and Rank 8 
+
+Mirth, worfhipped as a Goddefs 350 
+
+JMifccllanei 
+
+
+
+INDEX 
+
+
+Mifcellanel Dii, Gods of the loweft Rank and Degree 5 
+Mitbra, one of the Names of the Sun , 44 
+
+Momus, cenfures and fnarles at the Actions "of all the Gods 
+
+16S 
+
+Mon eta, one of Juno's Titles 94 
+
+Money, worfhipped as a Goddefs 3 49 
+
+Mofes , by fome thought to be' meant by Bacchus 70 
+
+Morpheus, the Servant of Somnus, he brings to People their 
+Dreams 262 
+
+Mors, a Defcription of her z6x 
+
+Morta, one of the Fates 25.$ 
+
+Mulciber , or Mulcijer, a Name of Vulcan 236 
+
+Murcia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Mufcarius, one of the Titles of Jupiter 22 
+
+Mufes, their Birth and Character, 217. Their Names 
+
+
+Mujtca, one of the Titles of Minerva 
+Munitus, one of the Nuptial Gods 
+
+
+Their Names 
+
+189 
+10 3 
+
+
+Myrrha, commits Abomination with her Father, and is 
+turned into a Tree 115, 126 
+
+
+N. 
+
+
+MA tides, PriefiefTes of Bacchus 67 
+
+Naicules and Naides, Nymphs of the Fountains 2Z4 
+A J cip<£<c, Nymphs of the Groves and Vallies zbid m 
+
+Barciffus, falls in Love with his own Pi&ure, 227. Pines 
+away, and is turn’d into a Daffodil 228 
+
+Nafcio , or Nat to , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 
+
+288 
+
+
+Behredcs, one of the Names of Bacchus 71 
+
+A 'cccjjity, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 
+
+Ban a'an Lion, killed by Hercules 298 
+
+Brnejis, one of the Goddefles of Juflice, 195. Violated 
+by Jupiter , in the Shape of a Goofe 298 
+
+Neptune , his Image deferibed, 231. His Defcent, 232. 
+Marries Amp by trite, ibid . His remarkable Actions, 233 
+TIis Children 235 
+
+Bereus, a Sea-God, 224. A famous Prophet 238 
+
+Nereides and Ncriu<r, Sea - Ny ni ph s 224 
+
+Berio, or Nerione, the Wife of Mars 79 
+
+Be Jus, the Centaur, killed by Hercules 303 
+
+
+Nhepborusi 
+
+
+
+I N D E X,' 
+
+
+♦ * 
+
+flicephorus, one o£ Jupiter's Titles ' , zz 
+
+flight, the ancienteft of all the Gods ' 261 
+
+'Nimrod, the fame with Bacchus ' y 0 
+
+Ninus 9 King of AJJyria , the firft Idolater 73 
+
+Niobe 7 ruined by her Pride and Self-Conceit, S30. Is flu- 
+pified with,Grief for the Lo& of all her Children, and 
+: „ turned into a Stone 131 
+
+Nifaus, one of Bacchus's Names 64 
+
+fli/us, turned into,a Sparrow-Hawk • - 242 
+
+Ntxii Dii, tutelar Gods to Women iri Labour ' 288 
+
+Nodojufy one of the Gods of Corn 229 
+
+flomtusy one of the Names of Apollo> 30, 38. As alfo of 
+Arzflaus 207 
+
+Nova, one of the Fates 258 
+
+Norvenfiles Dii , Gods brought to Rome , by the Sabines 8 
+Nox, theancienteftof all the Gods .261 
+
+Nubigencs , the Centaurs fo called 270 
+
+flumeria 9 a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 201 
+
+Nundinay a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 
+
+Nuptiality one of Jano's Titles 54 
+
+NyBilius, one of the Names of Bacchus 64 
+
+Niflymene, for committing Inceft with her Father turned in¬ 
+to an Owl 115 
+
+Nymphagetes, one of the Names of Neptune 224 
+
+Nymphs, celeftial, terreftrial, and marine 2.23 
+
+
+258 
+
+8 
+
+. 261 
+270 
+201 
+289 
+
+9 * 
+
+
+O. 
+
+QBfequens, one of the Titles of Fortune 357 
+
+Qccator , the God of Harrowing 229 
+
+Oceonusy one of the Sea Gods 239 
+
+Oceanitides, or Oceania, Sea-Nymphs 224 
+
+Qcypete y one of the Harpyes 271 
+
+Oedipus, kills his Father, and marries his own Mother, falls 
+diftra&ed, and tears out his own Eyes 173 
+
+Olympius , Qpitulss , Opitulator, Names and Titles of Jupi¬ 
+ter 23 
+
+Omphahy Queen of Lydia, makes Hercules /It among the 
+Maids, and fpin 303 
+
+Open us, one of* the Names of Pluto 173 
+
+Open uni y the Place where Cy helps Sacrifices called Opcrta- 
+nea, were o fib red up 173 
+
+Op f r t one of the Titles of Apollo 31 
+
+Opigcna, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Opigena, one of Juno’s Titles 94. 
+
+Opts, one of the Names of Diana, 214. A tutelar God-; 
+
+defs to new-born Infants 288 
+
+Ops, one of the Names of Cybele 173 
+
+Orbona , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons . 29X 
+
+Orcus 9 or Ouragus, Names of Pluto . ' . . 253 
+
+Orcades , and Orefliades, Nymphs of the Hills 224 
+
+Qrejles , kills his Mother Clytemnejlra, and her Gallant 
+JEgiflbus, 312. And afterwards Pyrrhus, for marrying 
+his Sweet- heart Hcrmione ibid\ 
+
+Qrgya, Feafts in Honour of Bacchus , 69. Alfo Sacrifices 
+to Cybele .175 
+
+Orion , 3 iis flrange Birth, 334. Killed for his Arrogance 
+by a Scorpion, and made a Conftellation. ibid? 
+
+Orpheus , his Parentage, his amazing Skill in Mufic, 327. 
+Whereby he overcomes the Syrens , 240. . And brings 
+Eurydice, his Wife, from Hell, but lofes her agaip,, ibid. 
+Refolves never .more to marry, for which he is torn in 
+Pieces by the Matiades, ibid. His Harp made aConllel- 
+lation, 328. The Meaning of this Fable ibid. 
+
+Ortygia, why the Ifland Delos was called by that Name 
+
+
+, * 3 ° 
+
+Of cilia, fmall Images of Bacchus , hung on Tree? while his 
+Feflivals were folemnizing 69 
+
+Ofcophoria, Sacrifices to Bacchus 67 
+
+Ofris , King of the Argi<ves,. His Parentage, 33 Quits 
+his Kingdom, and travels intp Egypt where lie marries 
+lo , ibid. Killed by his Brother i'ypbcn , and is tranllated 
+among the Gods, ibid . By many thought to be the fame 
+with Bacchus 65 
+
+Offilago, a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 
+
+Othus , one of the Giants that warred againlt Heaven 265 
+
+
+P. 
+
+
+T> AE A N, Phccbus , Py thins. Names of Apollo 39 
+
+* Pamelas, a River whofcSand is golden 66 
+
+falamon, one of the Sea Gods, 238. The fame with 
+Meli <vert a ibid. 
+
+PalcncJ's , Pallor , worfhipped a3 a God 358 
+
+Pales , the Goddefs of Shepherds 21 S 
+
+Palilia , or Par'd a. Sacrifices offered up to Pales ibid 1 
+
+Pallas, one of the Names of Miner va 100 
+
+Valla -- 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+Palladium, an Image of Minerva that fell from Heaven i oo 
+Pallant ids, one of the Names of Aurora 134. 
+
+Pan, the Chief of the Rural Gods, 1 06. His Defcenl, 197. 
+. The Defcription of his Image, ibid* The Meaning of 
+: the Fable of Pan, 19B, His Actions and Inventions 199 
+Panic Fears, what they are; and whence fo called 298 
+Pandora, the firft of Women-kind made by Vulcan 158. 
+
+Her Box, ibid* The Mifchiefs that came from thence oa 
+Mankind 320 
+
+Pantheon, its Defcription 1 
+
+Paphia, a Title of Venus 1x3 
+
+Faroe, why the Fates fo called 257 
+
+Paris, his Defcent and Birth, 120. Determines who is the 
+, xnoft beautiful of Ju?io, Minerva, and Vc?ius, 121. Runs 
+away with Helena, the faired Woman that ever was, who 
+. had been betrothed to Menelaus , 122. This occaftons the 
+. War between the Greeks and ‘Trojans , which concludes in 
+the Dedru&ion of Troy , after which Paris was killed by 
+
+
+• Philo&etes 122 
+
+ParnaJJides , the Mufes fo called 191 
+
+Par the?ws, Partbenia , Perfetla, Populonia, Populona, and 
+Pronuba, Names and Titles of Juno 94 
+
+Parthenopc , one of the Syrens 240 
+
+Partunda, or Pertwida , one of the Nuptial GoddelTes 285 
+Pajipbae, falls in Love with a Bull, and brings forth the 
+Minotaur , 50. The Meaning of this Fable ibid. 
+
+Paftthea , one of Cybele’s Names xyz 
+
+Pafttboe 9 one of the Daughters of Atlas, turned into a Star 
+
+PateYmea, one of the GoddelTes of Corn 229 
+
+Patellarii Dit\ Gods of the lowed Order and Rank 8 
+Pat tile ins, or Fatulacius, one of the Names of Jatius, 152; 
+
+1.53 
+
+Pavmtia, a tutelar Goddefs of Infants 289 
+
+Pavor , worflupped as a God 358 
+
+Peace, wor(hipped as a Goddefs 347 
+
+Pevafus, the Mufes Horfe, his Birth and Defcription, 315 
+Is caught and rode upon by Bcllerophon, 316. Is placed 
+in Heaven among the Stars ibid . 
+
+Pemftdcs, the Mufes fo called 291 
+
+Peltas, his Daughters pull him to Pieces 105 
+
+Pellonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Ferfons 91 
+
+
+Penates, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+Penates, Houfhold Gods, 277, Three Ranks and Degree 
+of them, 278. Penates , fometimes fimply taken for an 
+Houfe, 279,. Defcription of their Images ibid „ 
+
+Penelope , the Wife of XJlyffes , a moil remarkable Example of 
+
+Chaftity ^ ^ 3J3 
+
+Pentheus , torn to Pieces by his Mother and Sifted _ 70 
+
+Per/a , a Tree dedicated to ffarpo crates, the God of Silence 
+
+. - ^ 359 
+
+Per/eus , his Defcent, 313. Receives great Prefectsfrqjtt the 
+
+Gods, 314. Delivers Andromeda from the Sea-Monller* 
+
+and marries her; conquers the Gorgans, flrikesoff MeAuJa 7 s 
+
+Head, and therewith turns .Atlas into a Rock, At length 
+
+he, Andromeda , and his Mother CaJJtopcia are made Con- 
+
+. ftellations ^ 31^, &feq. 
+
+Periclimenus , one that could transform himfelf into any 
+
+Shape, 236. -Killed by Hercules in the Shape of a Fly ibid. 
+
+Peffinuntia , a Gqddefs whole Image was only a fhapelef? 
+
+Stone, 114. .. One of the Names of Cyhele *75 
+
+Phaedra folicits her Son Hippelytus to Wickednefs, hue 
+
+in vain 308 
+
+Phaeton , the Son'of Sol, obtains Leave to driye the Chariot 
+
+of the Sun for one Day, 47* Overthrows it, and thereby 
+
+fets on Fire the Heaven and the Earth, 48* Is by Jupiter 
+
+n - t i _ 1 _rni_1_• _ n *__ O. ^ j L • J 
+
+
+1 _ V 
+
+ftriick dead for it by Thunder into the River Po 
+His Sillers turned into Poplar-Trees 
+The Meaning of th.is Fable . . 
+
+Phalli , Images let up in Honour of Bacchus 
+
+
+ibid , 
+ibid. 
+
+49 
+
+73 
+
+2QQ 
+
+73 
+
+37 
+
+2 IC 
+
+
+Phallus > one of the Names of Priapus 
+Phallica, Fealts in Honour of Bacchus 
+
+? haita/us> one of Naracs 
+
+hilamon , a famous Lutanill t 
+
+Phhgethoiiy or Periphkgcthon ; one of the Infernal Rivers 
+
+Phkgyas 9 burns the Temple .of Apollo, and is remarkably 
+punilhed for it in Hell 267 
+
+Phorcus, or Phorcys , one of Neptune* s Sons, 235 
+
+PhoJphorus, the Evening-Star. ,3*6 
+
+P*Vm the Tide of. Harpocrates, the God of Silenc^ 
+
+359 
+
+P*V*wj««r, a Rural God 229 
+
+Pieridesy or Pierian, the Mufes fo called 191 
+
+Pietyy wovfhipped as a Goddcfs ' 344 
+
+C c Pilumnus, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+BilumnuSy one of the Gods of Corn, Z30; A tutelar God of 
+breeding Women 286 
+
+Pirithous, the intimate Friend to Thefeus a torn to Pieces by 
+Cerberus - 307 
+
+Fiji or 9 Plugins, Predator, Names of Jupiter - 23 
+
+Plebeii Dei, Gods of the lowed; Order S 
+
+Pleiades, feven Daughters of Atlas ■ 324 
+
+Why they had this Name ibid. 
+
+Pleione, the Wife of Atlas ibid . 
+
+Plenauris, one of the Daughters of Atlas ibid . 
+
+PLto , the King of Hell, defcribed, 250. Steals away Pro* 
+ferpine, 251, 254. His feveral Names, 252. His Office 
+and Power. 253 
+
+Plutusy the God of Riches, defcribed 254 
+
+Podalirius, the Son of JEfculapius 3 1 9 
+
+Pc£7ta, accounted a Deity by the ^Ethiopians 29 z 
+
+Pollux and Cajlor , Twins, their Birth, 309. Their A&ions, 
+31 o. They fhare Immortality between them, and are 
+made the Conflellation Gemini 31 \ 
+
+Polyhymnia, Polym?iia , or Polym7ieia , one of the Mufes 190 
+Poly71 ices and Eteocles , two Brothers who kill’d each other, 
+274. An Inflance of their irreconcileable Hatred ibid. 
+Polyphemus, • the Son of Neptune, a great Robber \ 60 
+
+Polyxena , marries Achilles, and, after his Death, is facrificed 
+to appeafe his Ghoft 330 
+
+P 07 no 7 ia the Goddefs of Fruits, 221. Courted and married 
+
+by Vertumnus 222 
+
+Pomia , one the Titles of Pmus « 112 
+
+Porta Libitina y a Gate at Rome, thro 7 which Funerals palled 
+
+293 
+
+PorthmeuSy and Portitor, Names of Charon 247 
+
+Portum/ius, one of the Sea-Gods,the fame with Palevmon 23S 
+Pofaidon , one of Nepln Vs Names ' 232 
+
+Pota?tiidesy Nymphs of the Rivers 224 
+
+Potina , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 2S9 
+
+Poverty 9 wordlipped as a Goddefs 338 
+
+PrcenrjUna, one of Fortune's Titles 337 . 
+
+PraJH/esy the fame with. Genii , die Guardian-Angels of 
+Mankind 283 
+
+Priapusy the God of the Gardens,aDefcription of his Image 
+205. His Birth and Deformity, 200. One of the Nup¬ 
+tial Gcds z 8$ 
+
+Pr imigtiva 
+
+
+
+4 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Primigenia and Privata, .Names and Titles of Fortune 357 
+Procris , married to Cephalus, Kill’d by him by an 
+
+Accident ibid. 
+
+Prometheus , makes a Man of Clay, and animates him with 
+Fire Rolen from Heaven, 158, 320. Jupiter punifhes 
+, him remarkably for his Theft, ibid. Freed from his Pu~ 
+nifhment by Hercules , 320, 321. The Meaning of this 
+
+
+Fable # # ibid. 
+
+Propcetides , the HrR ProRitutes turn’d into Stones 116 
+
+Propria , a Name of Fortune 357 
+
+Propylaa, one of the Names of Hecate or Diatia 213 
+
+Profay Prorfa , Patrimh, Pof-uerta, or Ant evert a ,. a tutelar 
+Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+
+
+Proferpina, one of the GoddefTes.of Corn, 229. Her De¬ 
+scent, 254. How carried away by Pluto, ib. Is fought 
+for all over the World with lighted Torches, by her 
+Mother Ceres, 255. Who obtains from Jupiter that 
+Proferpina fhall be lix Months with Pluto, and the other 
+fix with her in the Heavens, 256. The Meaning of this 
+Fable ' ibid. 
+
+Proteus, the Son of Neptune , one that could transform hinifelf 
+into any Shape 235 
+
+Plutatitii DU , Gods of an inferior Rank and Order. • 7 
+Pygmalion , falls in Love with an Ivory Statue, which, when 
+turned into a Woman, he marries 116 
+
+Pylades and Orejles, molt intimate Friends . 312 
+
+Pylotis, one of the Titles of Minerva 104 
+
+Pyratnids of Egypt, one of the feven Wonders the World 
+
+46 
+
+Py ramus and Thtjbe , the moR unfortunate Lovers, their 
+Deaths *16 
+
+Pyrrha, the Wife of Deucalion 1 322 
+
+Pyrrhus , killed by Orejles , for marrying Hermione 3 12 
+Pytho , one of the Daughters of Atlas 314 
+
+
+Qi 
+
+I 
+
+<§) Uadr {foils, a Name fo me times given to Janus \ 49 
+°Vj >Quies, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+Quietus, one of the Names of Pluto 
+^uirinus, a Title of Jupiter, 24. and of Mars , 80, 
+alfo of Romulus• 
+
+
+1 5 ° 
+
+209 
+
+252 
+
+And 
+
+81 
+
+
+R. Rati* 
+
+
+C c z 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+R 
+
+
+TJAtiones Li bit in a, an Account of the Dead, not unlike 
+* our Weekly Billy or Bill of Mortality 293 
+
+Rettus, one of Bacchus 9 s Titles 64 
+
+j Redux, one of the Titles of Fortune 358 
+
+Regia, a Title pf Fortune . , ibid* 
+
+Regina, a Title of Juno 94 
+
+Rex y Regnat or. Titles pf Jupiter 24. 
+
+Rhadamanthus , one of the Infernal Judges z6z 
+
+Rha?nnufia, the fame with Netnejis, one of the Goddeffes 
+of Juhice 195 
+
+Rhea, one of the Names of Cybele 172 
+
+Ridens, one of the Titles of Venus 1x2 
+
+Robigus, one of the Gods of Corn 229 
+
+Rumina, one of the tutelar Goddeffes to new-born Infants 
+
+2S9 
+
+Rumlnus, one of Jupiter's Titles 24 
+
+Runcina , a Goddefs of Gardening 229 
+
+Rural Gods and Goddejfes ' 196 
+
+Rujiri, one of the Rural Deities 2*8 
+
+
+S. 
+
+QAbazia, mykerlous Rites in the Solemnities of Proferpm 
+
+, z 54 
+
+Salacia, one of Neptune's Wives 232 
+
+Salii, Pricks of Mars * ibid, 
+
+SalifubJulus, one of Mars' s Titles 8i 
+
+Sahnoneus imitates Jupiter's Thundery for which he under¬ 
+goes a fevere Punilhmentin Hell 267 
+
+Satus, Health, workiipped as a Goddefs 348 
+
+S mi it as, or Hygitca, the Daughter of JEJculapius 319 
+
+Sator and Sarritor, Rural Gods _ 229 
+
+Satyrs, the fame with Silent, the Pricks of Bacchus 67 
+
+A Defcription of the Satyrs . ^ 204 
+
+Saturn, his Image deferibed, 138. His Family and Ac¬ 
+tions. ibid. Devours all his Male Children, 139. Taken 
+Prifoncr by Titan, but fet at Liberty by Jupiter ibid. 
+
+Afterwards, for his Ingratitude depofed by Jupiter , and 
+
+flies 
+
+
+
+I N D E x; 
+
+
+The 
+147 
+
+M4 
+
+113 
+
+and 
+Into a 
+
+49 
+
+
+. flies into Italy , 140. The firfi: that reduced the Satyrs t<£ 
+civil Society, ibid. Sacrifices offer’d to him, 143, 144 
+The hiftorical Meaning of the Fable of Saturn , 145. 
+philofophical Meaning of it 
+Saturnalia, Feftivals in honour of Saturn 
+Scot eta, a Title of Venus 
+
+Scylla, the Daughter of Pborcus, courted by Claucus, 
+turned by Circe, her Rival, into a Rock, 242. 
+
+Sea-Monfter 
+
+Scylla, the Daughter of Nifus , ruins her Country by cutting 
+offher Father’s purple Lock of Hair, 242. And is turn’d 
+into a Lake . 243 
+
+Scylla and Charyhdis, the Meaning of that Fable 244 
+Securis, why the Spear was fo named 80 
+
+Seta and Segetia , Goddefles of Corn 229 
+
+SekSH Dii , the fupreme Gods 6 
+
+Semele, deftroy’d by Jupiter's Embraces 59 
+
+Semanes Dii, Gods of the 1 owe ft Order and Rank 8 
+
+Senfes, or Mens, worfhipped as a Goddefs 3 47 
+
+Sentia, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants . 291 
+
+Serapis, or Sorapis, an JEgypiian God, the fame with Apis, 
+336. Where, and in what Manner worfhipp’d ibid . 
+
+Scrvator, Soter, Stator, Stabilitor, Names and Titles of Ju¬ 
+piter " * z 3 > z 4 
+
+Silence , the Gods and Goddefies of it worfhipp’d by the Ro¬ 
+wans * " 3 °7 
+
+Silenus, Bacchus's Companion, deferib’d ^ 204 
+
+Sifyphns, how punifh’d in Hell for his notorious Robberies, 
+
+26b* 
+
+Socigena, one of Juno *s Titles 
+Sol, one of Apollo's Names 
+Sohizoua, one of the Names of Diana 
+Svmiius, the God of Sleep, deferib’d . 
+
+So/pita, one of Juno's Titles 
+
+Sphinx, propounds a Riddle, which Ocdiptis refolves, 
+Dcftroys herfelf 
+Spolia Opiwa, thofe Spoils, which, in Battle, one General 
+takes from another so 
+
+Stata, or St at ua Mater, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Pcrfom; zor 
+Stata, one of the Titles of Fortune . 3 f»^ 
+
+Statanus, or Statilhmi , a tutelar Gotlcjeffi to Infants 289 
+Siallio, t u rned in loan E ve t o 1* N cwt 1 8 4 
+
+
+93 
+
+36 
+
+287 
+2 6 r 
+
+9S* 
+
+273 
+
+274 
+
+
+C c 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+St emit ui 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+p 
+
+StercutuH, Siercutius , Stereulius, or Sterquilinus, a rural God, 
+who firft taught how toimproveGroundby dungingit 229 
+Stercutius , one of the Names of \Sat urn 1 42 
+
+Stbeno, one of the Gorgons 271 
+
+Sihenobaa, endeavours tointice Bellerophotz to Adultery, but 
+is rejected, 316, And therefore kills herfelf ■ ibid, 
+Stimula and Strenua, tutelar Goddefles to adult Perfons 290 
+Stymphalides, Birds that feed on human Flefh, deftroyed by 
+Hercules 299 
+
+Styx, one of the Infernal Rivers 248 
+
+Suada, one of the Nuptial GoddeBes 284 
+
+Sucula, the Daughters of Atlas , call'd alfo Hyades 324 
+Sum?nanus, a Name of Pluto 252 
+
+Sun, why call’d Sol in Latin, 43. And by the Perjians Mi - 
+thra , 44. By the Egyptians nam’d Horns, ibid. . HisDe- 
+fcent, 43. His Amours 44 
+
+Sylvanus, one of the Gods of the Woods 203 
+
+Syntbejis, a Cloak worn only by Gentlemen 144 
+
+Sea-Monfters, aDefcriptionofthem, 219. Overcome 
+by Orpheus, and turn’d into Stones, 250. The Explica¬ 
+tion of this Fable of the Syrens 241 
+
+§yrinx, flics from Pan , and is turn’d into a Bundle of Reeds 
+
+*99 
+
+
+T. 
+
+*T*Adit a, one of the Goddefies of Silence 
+
+V antalus, kills and drcfles his own Son Pclops 
+
+
+407 
+
+268 
+
+
+His Pumlhmcnt for it in Hell, 269. The Meaning of 
+this Fable. 270 
+
+7 ‘auriceps, fTatiriforniis, Names of Bacchus 6z 
+
+fTaygete, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+fPclchincs, YxioffsofCybclc 177 
+
+fTeiegenus, the Son of JJlyJJes by Circe 332 
+
+fTelmacbus, the Son of Ulyjfts by Penelope 333 
+
+ff'clclbufa, the Mother of Jpbis 337 
+
+Tempcjlas, worfhipp’d as a Goddefs 358 
+
+7 hrus, marries Prague, and falls in Cove with her Sifter 
+Philomela, 83. Debauches her on the Road, and, topre- 
+• vent Difcovery, cuts out her Tongue, ibid. She informs 
+Brogue of this Villainy by Needle-work, 84. Prognc to 
+
+vcvenge 
+
+
+
+IN D E X. 
+
+
+revenge this Injury, drefTes Itys, and makes his Father 
+reus feed on him for Supper. Progne is hereupon turn’d 
+into a Sparrow, Philomela into a Nightingale, Tereus into 
+a Hoopoo, and Itys into a Pheafant 85 
+
+Tertninus, one of the rural Gods, 208. A Defcription of his 
+
+
+209 
+
+189 
+
+*38 
+
+223 
+
+
+
+Image, ibid. His Sacrifices call’d Ter?ninalia 
+Terpftchore, one of the Mufes 
+Ter reft rial Gods and Goddejfes, their Names 
+Ter reft rial Nymphs 
+Thalia, one of the Graces, 125. Alfo one of the Mufes 189 
+Theodamas kill’d by Hercules 302 
+
+Thefeus, his Parentage, 306. His intimate Friendfhip with 
+Pirithous, 307. Goes down to Hell, and returns fafe from 
+thence, ibid. His other Adventures 308, 309 
+
+Thefmophoria , Sacrifices offered to Ceres 185 
+
+Thijbe and Pyramus , two moil unfortunate Lovers, their Story 
+
+116 
+
+Thyades, Bacchus’s Companions, 61. His Nymphs 
+Thyas , King of Naur ic a Cherfonefus , kill’d by his Subjects 3 13 
+Thy outfits and Triumphus , Names of Bacchus 64 
+
+Tigillus , Tonans, Tonitrualis, Trio cuius, and Triophthal?nos y 
+Names and Titles given to Jupiter 25 
+
+Tireftas , how he came to lofe his Sight, 101. He’s amply 
+made Amends for that Lofs, by receiving the Gift of Pro¬ 
+phecy ibid. 
+
+Tifiphonc, one of the Furies 259 
+
+Titans, make War on Jupiter, and are fubdued 266 
+
+Titbonus, marries Aurora, obtains Immortality, but grows 
+extremely weak and decrepid ; is at lafl turned into a 
+Grafliopper 135 
+
+Tityus , one of the Giants that warred again!! Heaven 2O0 
+Trietcrica , Sacrifices to Bacchus ' 67 
+
+Triformis ox Tergemina. Titles of Diana 211 
+
+Triptolemus , educated by Ceres, who every Night covers him 
+with Fire, 182. Sent by her in the Chariot to teach Men 
+the Ufe and Improvement of Corn 183 
+
+Tripos , in Apollo's Temple 39 
+
+Triton, Ntptline’s Son, deferib’d 237 
+
+Tritonia , one .of the Names of Minerva 1 o i 
+
+Trivia, one of the N antes of Hecate or Diana 214 
+
+c froy , the Walls of it built by the Mufick of Apollo's Ilarp, 
+32. Deilroy’d by Hercules 302 
+
+C c 4 Truth, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Truth,' worfliipped as a Goddefs 346 
+
+T'itdin a or Tutulina, one of the Goddefies of Corn 230 
+Tyche, one of the Daughtersof Atlas 324 
+
+Tyndaris, one of Helena's Names 3 lo 
+
+Tyndaridce, the Children of Tyiidarus ; Helena, Clytemneftra, 
+Caft or and Pollux ibid. 
+
+Typhaus, or Typhon , one of theGi ants'that wair’d agairift 
+Heaven ' 264 
+
+
+V. 
+
+
+V % r 
+
+Jft“Actma, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Vagit anus, or Vaticamis i a tutelar God to new-born ln- 
+. ( fants 288 
+
+Vallenia, the Goddefs of the-Vallies 228 
+
+P’ejo^vis, Vejnpiter, Vedius, Names given to Jupiter 25 
+Vet till a, one of Neptune's Wives 233 
+
+Femes , her Image deferib’d, 107. HerDefcefit, I09. And 
+Marriage, no. Her feveral Names,/to. HerA&ions, 
+115. One of the Nuptial God defies, 284. An Explana¬ 
+tion of the Fable of 'Venus 127 
+
+Vergil its, feven of the Daughters of Atlas, call’d Pleiades 325 
+Verticordia , a Title of Venus . 114 
+
+Vertumtms courts arid obtains Flora/22 1, 222. Can tranf- 
+form himfelf into any Shape 236 
+
+Vejcii DU, Gods of the loweft Rank and Order 8 
+
+Ve/per , or Vefpcrugo, the Brother of Atlas, turn’d into the 
+Evening-Star 326 
+
+Vefta the Elder, the old eft of die GoddefTes, aDcfcription of 
+her Image, 167. She’s the fame with the- Earth 168 
+Vefta the Younger, the fame with the Element Fire, 167, 
+168. Explanation of the Fable of Vcfta 169 
+
+Vefta, why round Tables were fo call’d 168 
+
+VeftalFire, how preferv’d perpetually among the Romans i 69 
+libilia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Vines fuft planted by j Bacchus, 65. The Art of pruning 
+them fir it taught by an A is ibid. 
+
+Violence, worihipped as a Goddefs 358 
+
+Virginia, Daughter of Aldus, dedicates an Altar to Pudicitici 
+Ph bcia 3 46 
+
+Vi rip lac a, one of the Nuptial Goddefles 285 
+
+Virgo, one of the Titles of Fortune 388 
+
+\ Fir, 
+
+
+
+2^5 
+
+3 57 
+34 ^ 
+
+35 » 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+m 0 + 
+
+Virginmjis, one of the Nuptial Goddefles 
+Virilis, one of the Titles of Fortune . 
+
+Virtue , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Vifcata, or Vtjcojn, one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Widely a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons zpo 
+
+Vlyjfcsy his Defcent, his Marriage with Penelope , 3 31Pre- 
+levves himfelf from the S>r£;/r, 240* His various Ad¬ 
+ventures 3 31 , fif Jeq*. 
+
+Underjlanding, worlhipp’d as a Goddefs 347 
+
+Unxia, one of the Titles of Juno 95 
+
+Volumnus and Vohanna, tutelar Deities to adult Perfons 222 
+Volupia , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons '291 
+
+Volujia, one of the Goddefles of Corn' - 229 
+
+Uragus, one of ?/«/o’s Names 252 
+
+Urania, one of the Mufes ■ 189 
+
+Vulcan, a Defcription of him, 156. His Birth and De- 
+feent, 1 ^7* His Employment, ibid. Courts Minerva* 
+but is rejected 5 marries Venus, who is falfe to his Bed, 
+156. Makes the firft Woman, who is called Pandora* 
+iq8. His Children, ibid. His Servants, 159. The Sig¬ 
+nification of the Fable of Vulcan 16 z- 
+
+Videania, Feaits celebrated in Honour of Vulcan $57 
+
+0 « 
+
+w. 
+
+
+* S 
+
+
+JJWAlh of Babylon , one of the Wonders of the World 46 
+Wonders of the World , feven particularly fo called 45 
+
+
+Wife Men of Greece, their Names and Characters 
+
+X. 
+
+
+40, 4c 
+
+
+VAutbus, one of the Horfes of Achilles, his .Defcent 271 
+Xenia, all Prefents made to Strangers called lo 
+
+
+
+
+z. 
+
+
+JjAgreus, one of the Names of Bacchus 
+** Zephyr us, his Defccnt 
+Zeus, one of Jupiter's Names 
+
+
+7 1 
+
+n v 
+^ / 1 
+
+
+F 1 N I S. 
+
+
+
+I 
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+_ * ft _ 
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+
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+
+