---
license: mit
language:
- en
base_model:
- facebook/bart-large-cnn
pipeline_tag: summarization
model-index:
  - name: summarize-reddit
    results:
      - task:
          type: summarization
        dataset:
          name: custom reddit posts
          type: custom
        metrics:
          - name: ROUGE-1
            type: ROUGE
            value:
              recall: 32.20
              precision: 22.03
              f1-score: 25.00
          - name: ROUGE-2
            type: ROUGE
            value:
              recall: 7.10
              precision: 4.90
              f1-score: 5.51
          - name: ROUGE-L
            type: ROUGE
            value:
              recall: 30.09
              precision: 20.50
              f1-score: 23.30
          - name: BERTScore
            type: BERTScore
            value:
              precision: 0.8704
              recall: 0.8517
              f1-score: 0.8609
    source:
      name: summarize-reddit
      url: https://huggingface.co/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit
---

# **Reddit Summarization Model**

This project uses a fine-tuned model for summarizing Reddit posts and their comments. The model has been trained using a dataset of 100 Reddit posts, and the goal is to generate concise and meaningful summaries of the original posts and the associated comments.

You can access the source code and more information about this project on GitHub: [GitHub Repository Link](https://github.com/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit)

## Model on Hugging Face

This project uses a fine-tuned version of the BART model from Facebook for summarizing Reddit posts and their comments. The original model, facebook/bart-large-cnn, is a pre-trained sequence-to-sequence model optimized for summarization tasks. It was fine-tuned on a custom Reddit dataset for this project.

- **Original Model:** [facebook/bart-large-cnn](https://huggingface.co/facebook/bart-large-cnn)
- **Fine-Tuned Model:** [julsCadenas/summarize-reddit](https://huggingface.co/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit)

## Installation

To get started, you need to install the required dependencies. You can do this by creating a virtual environment and installing the packages listed in `requirements.txt`.

### **Steps:**

1. Clone the repository:
   ```bash
    git clone https://github.com/your-username/reddit-summarizer.git
    cd reddit-summarizer  
2. Set up a virtual environment:
   ```bash
    python3 -m venv venv
    source venv/bin/activate  # On Windows, use 'venv\Scripts\activate'  
2. Install depdendencies:
   ```bash
    pip install -r requirements.txt  
3. Set up your environment variables (if needed) by creating a ```.env``` file. You can refer to the sample ```.env.example``` for the necessary variables.

### **Usage**

1. In ```src/summarize.py```, the model should be initialized like this:
    ```python
      # src/summarize.py
      self.summarizer = pipeline(
        "summarization",
        model = "julsCadenas/summarize-reddit",
        tokenizer = "julsCadenas/summarize-reddit",
      )   
2. Add the *URL* of your preferred Reddit post on main.py.
3. Run ```src/main.py```

### **Formatted JSON Output**

The model outputs its responses in JSON format, which may not be fully formatted properly. For instance, the output could look like [this](https://github.com/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit/blob/master/data/test_output.json).

You can see that the output contains escaped quotes within the values. This data should be properly formatted for easier consumption. To fix this, you can use the following function to clean and format the JSON:
```python
def fix_json(raw_data, fixed_path):
    if not isinstance(raw_data, dict):
        raise ValueError(f"Expected a dictionary, but got: {type(raw_data)}")

    try:
        formatted_data = {
            "post_summary": json.loads(raw_data["post_summary"]),
            "comments_summary": json.loads(raw_data["comments_summary"])
        }
    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
        print("Error decoding JSON:", e)
        return
    
    with open(fixed_path, "w") as file:
        json.dump(formatted_data, file, indent=4)

    print(f"Formatted JSON saved to {fixed_path}")
```
After using the fix_json() function to clean and format the data, the data will now look like [this](https://github.com/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit/blob/master/data/formatted_output.json).

You can view the full notebook on formatting the output [here](https://github.com/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit/blob/master/notebooks/testing.ipynb).


<br>

# **Model Evaluation**

### For a detailed evaluation of the model, including additional analysis and visualizations, refer to the [evaluation notebook](https://github.com/julsCadenas/summarize-reddit/blob/master/notebooks/eval.ipynb).

## **BERTScore**

The model’s performance was evaluated using **BERTScore** (Precision, Recall, and F1).

### **Average BERTScores**  
| Metric              | Value     |
|---------------------|-----------|
| **Precision (p)**| 0.8704    |
| **Recall (r)**   | 0.8517    |
| **F1 Score (f)** | 0.8609    |

### **Conclusion**
- **Precision** is strong but can be improved by reducing irrelevant tokens.
- **Recall** needs improvement to capture more relevant content.
- **F1 Score** indicates a solid overall performance.

### **Improvements**
- Focus on improving **Recall**.
- Perform **Error Analysis** to identify missed content.
- **Fine-tune** the model for better results.

## **ROUGE**

The following table summarizes the ROUGE scores (Recall, Precision, and F1) for three different metrics: ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-L. These values represent the mean scores across all summaries.

### **Average ROUGE Scores**  
| Metric       | ROUGE-1   | ROUGE-2   | ROUGE-L   |
|--------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| **Recall (r)** | 32.20     | 7.10      | 30.09     |
| **Precision (p)** | 22.03   | 4.90      | 20.50     |
| **F1 Score (f)**  | 25.00   | 5.51      | 23.30     |

### **Interpretation**
- **ROUGE-1**: Shows higher recall and precision, indicating that the model is good at capturing single-word overlaps but could reduce irrelevant words.
- **ROUGE-2**: Exhibits lower recall and precision, indicating the model struggles with bigram relationships and context.
- **ROUGE-L**: Performs better than ROUGE-2 but still faces challenges with precision. It captures longer subsequences more effectively than bigrams.

## **Conclusion**
- **ROUGE-1**: The model shows moderate performance but generates some irrelevant words (low precision).
- **ROUGE-2**: The model performs poorly, indicating difficulty in capturing bigram relationships.
- **ROUGE-L**: Slightly better than ROUGE-2, with some success in capturing longer sequences.

## **Improvements**
- Focus on enhancing **bigram overlap** (ROUGE-2) and overall **context understanding**.
- Reduce **irrelevant content** for improved **precision**.
- Improve **sequence coherence** for better **ROUGE-L** scores.

## **METEOR Score**

| Metric      | Meteor Score |
|-------------|--------------|
| **Mean**    | 0.2079       |
| **Min**     | 0.0915       |
| **Max**     | 0.3216       |
| **STD**     | 0.0769       |

### **Interpretation**
- **Mean**: The average METEOR score indicates good performance in terms of word alignment and synonyms, but there is still room for improvement.
- **Min**: The lowest METEOR score suggests some summaries may not align well with the reference.
- **Max**: The highest METEOR score shows the model's potential for generating very well-aligned summaries.
- **STD**: The standard deviation indicates some variability in the model's performance across different summaries.

### **Conclusion**
- The model's **METEOR Score** shows a generally solid performance in generating summaries that align well with reference content but still has variability in certain cases.

### **Improvements**
- Focus on improving the **alignment** and **synonym usage** to achieve higher and more consistent **METEOR scores** across summaries.

## **TLDR**

### **Comparison & Final Evaluation**
- **BERTScore** suggests the model is good at generating relevant tokens (precision) but struggles with capturing all relevant content (recall).
- **ROUGE-1** is decent, but **ROUGE-2** and **ROUGE-L** show weak performance, particularly in terms of bigram relationships and sequence coherence.
- **METEOR** results show solid alignment, but there’s significant variability, especially with lower scores.

### **Conclusion**
- The model performs decently but lacks consistency, especially in **bigram overlap** (ROUGE-2) and capturing **longer sequences** (ROUGE-L). There’s room for improvement in **recall** and **precision** to make the summaries more relevant and coherent.
- Focus on improving **recall**, **bigram relationships**, and **precision** to achieve more consistent, high-quality summaries.