title_body: Will Cardano's transaction fees be expensive (similar to ETH gas) in the future? I found this cost formula:
  
  As you can see, the larger the transaction, the more resources are needed to store and process it.
  So, my question is: Will Cardano's transaction fees be expensive(similar to ETH gas) in the future?
upvoted_answer: My answer is no. And there are two reasons.
  
  Cardano is a PoS protocol. Therefore, users don't pay for electricity cost. In a PoW system, miners need to solve computational questions to be able to produce blocks which consumes electricity. This price is covered by users when users make transactions.
  
  Cardano will have more TPS compares to Ethereum currently which also contributes to a lower transaction fee.
  
  
  However, on-chain solutions have limitations. Blockchains need to implement off-chain solutions to increase TPS and lower transaction to be able to make microtransactions. Cardano has given their solution which is called Ouroboros Hydra.