text: [Histopathologic examination of rectal carcinoma].
  In patients with rectal carcinoma, the histopathological evaluation of the surgical specimen provides pivotal prognostic and therapeutic information. Important parameters are tumor site, depth of invasion, histological type and grade, pattern of invasion (diffusely infiltrating versus expanding margin), degree of peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration, and tumor involvement of surgical margins and lymph nodes. Evaluation of the circumferential (deep, lateral) margin is of utmost importance. It should be labeled with ink in the gross specimen and should be examined histologically using several tissue blocks. The number of lymph node metastases and the total number of lymph nodes examined should be reported. A histological evaluation of the distal mesorectum in its entirety is recommended to detect discontinuous distal mesorectal tumor spread. The histopathological findings should be summarized using the TNM-classification.
  
entities: ['rectal carcinoma']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T1
entities: ['rectal carcinoma']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T2
entities: ['surgical specimen']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T3
entities: ['tumor']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T4
entities: ['peritumoral lymphocytic']
entities: Cell
entities: PMID-10420526_T5
entities: ['tumor']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T6
entities: ['lymph nodes']
entities: Multi-tissue_structure
entities: PMID-10420526_T7
entities: ['specimen']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T8
entities: ['tissue']
entities: Tissue
entities: PMID-10420526_T9
entities: ['lymph node metastases']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T10
entities: ['lymph nodes']
entities: Multi-tissue_structure
entities: PMID-10420526_T11
entities: ['distal mesorectal tumor']
entities: Pathological_formation
entities: PMID-10420526_T12
entities: ['surgical margins']
entities: Tissue
entities: PMID-10420526_T13
entities: ['circumferential (deep, lateral) margin']
entities: Tissue
entities: PMID-10420526_T14
entities: ['distal mesorectum']
entities: Multi-tissue_structure
entities: PMID-10420526_T15