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+{"text":"\n\n\n\nProduced by Jonathan Ingram, Jonathan Ingram, Charles M.\nBidwell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTHE POETICAL WORKS OF\n\nGEORGE MACDONALD\n\nIN TWO VOLUMES\n\nVOL. 2\n\n\n    CONTENTS.\n\nPARABLES--\n  The Man of Songs\n  The Hills\n  The Journey\n  The Tree's Prayer\n  Were I a Skilful Painter\n  Far and Near\n  My Room\n  Death and Birth\n  Love's Ordeal\n  The Lost Soul\n  The Three Horses\n  The Golden Key\n  Somnium Mystici\n  The Sangreal\n  The Failing Track\n  Tell Me\n  Brother Artist\n  After an Old Legend\n  A Meditation of St Eligius\n  The Early Bird\n  Sir Lark and King Sun\n  The Owl and the Bell\n  A Mammon-Marriage\n  A Song in the Night\n  Love's History\n  The Lark and the Wind\n  A Dead House\n  Bell upon Organ\n  Master and Boy\n  The Clock of the Universe\n  The Thorn in the Flesh\n  Lycabas\n\nBALLADS--\n  The Unseen Model\n  The Homeless Ghost\n  Abu Midjan\n  The Thankless Lady\n  Legend of the Corrievrechan\n  The Dead Hand\n\n\nMINOR DITTIES--\n  In the Night\n  The Giver\n  False Prophets\n  Life-Weary\n  Approaches\n  Travellers' Song\n  Love is Strength\n  Coming\n  A Song of the Waiting Dead\n  Obedience\n  A Song in the Night\n  De Profundis\n  Blind Sorrow\n\nMOTES IN THE SUN--\n  Angels\n  The Father's Worshippers\n  A Birthday-Wish\n  To Any One\n  Waiting\n  Lost but Safe\n  Much and More\n  Hope and Patience\n  A Better Thing\n  A Prisoner\n  To My Lord and Master\n  To One Unsatisfied\n  To My God\n  Triolet\n  The Word of God\n  Eine Kleine Predigt\n  To the Life Eternal\n  Hope Deferred\n  Forgiveness\n  Dejection\n  Appeal\n\nPOEMS FOR CHILDREN--\n  Lessons for a Child\n  What makes Summer?\n  Mother Nature\n  The Mistletoe\n  Professor Noctutus\n  Bird-Songs\n  Riddles\n  Baby\n  Up and Down\n  Up in the Tree\n  A Baby-Sermon\n  Little Bo-Peep\n  Little Boy Blue\n  Willie's Question\n  King Cole\n  Said and Did\n  Dr. Doddridge's Dog\n  The Girl that Lost Things\n  A Make-Believe\n  The Christmas Child\n  A Christmas Prayer\n  No End of No-Story\n\nA THREEFOLD CORD--\n  Dedication\n  The Haunted House\n  In the Winter\n  Christmas Day, 1878\n  The New Year\n  Two Rondels\n  Rondel\n  Song\n  Smoke\n  To a Certain Critic\n  Song\n  A Cry\n  From Home\n  To My Mother Earth\n  Thy Heart\n  0 Lord, how Happy\n  No Sign\n  November, 1851\n  Of One who Died in Spring\n  An Autumn Song\n  Triolet\n  I See Thee Not\n  A Broken Prayer\n  Come Down\n  A Mood\n  The Carpenter\n  The Old Garden\n  A Noonday Melody\n  Who Lights the Fire?\n  Who would have Thought?\n  On a December Day\n  Christmas Day, 1850\n  To a February Primrose\n  In February\n  The True\n  The Dwellers Therein\n  Autumn's Gold\n  Punishment\n  Shew us the Father\n  The Pinafore\n  The Prism\n  Sleep\n  Sharing\n  In Bonds\n  Hunger\n  New Year's Eve: A Waking Dream\n  From North Wales: To the Mother\n  Come to Me\n  A Fear\n  The Lost House\n  The Talk of the Echoes\n  The Goal\n  The Healer\n  Oh that a Wind\n  A Vision of St. Eligius\n  Of the Son of Man\n  A Song-Sermon\n  Words in the Night\n  Consider the Ravens\n  The Wind of the World\n  Sabbath Bells\n  Fighting\n  After the Fashion of an Old Emblem\n  A Prayer in Sickness\n  Quiet Dead\n  Let your Light so Shine\n  Triolet\n  The Souls' Rising\n  Awake\n  To an Autograph-Hunter\n  With a Copy of \"In Memoriam\"\n  They are Blind\n  When the Storm was Proudest\n  The Diver\n  To the Clouds\n  Second Sight\n  Not Understood\n  Hom II. v. 403\n  The Dawn\n  Galileo\n  Subsidy\n  The Prophet\n  The Watcher\n  The Beloved Disciple\n  The Lily of the Valley\n  Evil Influence\n  Spoken of several Philosophers\n  Nature a Moral Power\n  To June\n  Summer\n  On a Midge\n  Steadfast\n  Provision\n  First Sight of the Sea\n  On the Source of the Arve\n  Confidence\n  Fate\n  Unrest\n  One with Nature\n  My Two Geniuses\n  Sudden Calm\n  Thou Also\n  The Aurora Borealis\n  The Human\n  Written on a Stormy Night\n  Reverence waking Hope\n  Born of Water\n  To a Thunder-Cloud\n  Sun and Moon\n  Doubt heralding Vision\n  Life or Death?\n  Lost and Found\n  The Moon\n  Truth, not Form\n  God in Growth\n  In a Churchyard\n  Power\n  Death\n  That Holy Thing\n  From Novalis\n  What Man is there of You?\n  O Wind of God\n  Shall the Dead praise Thee?\n  A Year-Song\n  Song\n  For where your Treasure is, there will your Heart be also\n  The Asthmatic Man to the Satan that binds him\n  Song-Sermon\n  Shadows\n  A Winter Prayer\n  Song of a Poor Pilgrim\n  An Evening Prayer\n  Song-Sermon\n  A Dream-Song\n  Christmas, 1880\n  Rondel\n  The Sparrow\n  December 23, 1879\n  Song-Prayer\n  December 27, 1879\n  Sunday, December 28, 1879\n  Song-Sermon\n  The Donkey in the Cart to the Horse in the Carriage\n  Room to Roam\n  Cottage Songs--\n    1. By the Cradle\n    2. Sweeping the Floor\n    3. Washing the Clothes\n    4. Drawing Water\n    5. Cleaning the Windows\n  The Wind and the Moon\n  The Foolish Harebell\n  Song\n  An Improvisation\n  Equity\n  Contrition\n  The Consoler\n  To ------.\n  To a Sister\n  The Shortest and Sweetest of Songs\n\nSCOTS SONGS AND BALLADS--\n  Annie she's Dowie\n  O Lassie ayont the Hill!\n  The bonny, bonny Dell\n  Nannie Braw\n  Ower the Hedge\n  Gaein and Comin\n  A Sang o' Zion\n  Time and Tide\n  The Waesome Carl\n  The Mermaid\n  The Yerl o' Waterydeck\n  The Twa Gordons\n  The Last Wooin\n  Halloween\n  The Laverock\n  Godly Ballants--\n    1. This Side an' That\n    2. The Twa Baubees\n    3. Wha's my Neibour?\n    4. Him wi' the Bag\n    5. The Coorse Cratur\n  The Deil's Forhooit his Ain\n  The Auld Fisher\n  The Herd and the Mavis\n  A Lown Nicht\n  The Home of Death\n  Triolet\n  Win' that Blaws\n  A Song of Hope\n  The Burnie\n  Hame\n  The Sang o' the Auld Fowk\n  The Auld Man's Prayer\n  Granny Canty\n  Time\n  What the Auld Fowk are Thinkin\n  Greitna, Father\n  I Ken Something\n  Mirls\n\n\n\n\n    PARABLES\n\n\n\n_THE MAN OF SONGS._\n\n\"Thou wanderest in the land of dreams,\n  O man of many songs!\nTo thee what is, but looks and seems;\n  No realm to thee belongs!\"\n\n\"Seest thou those mountains, faint and far,\n  O spirit caged and tame?\"\n\"Blue clouds like distant hills they are,\n  And like is not the same.\"\n\n\"Nay, nay; I know each mountain well,\n  Each cliff, and peak, and dome!\nIn that cloudland, in one high dell,\n  Nesteth my little home.\"\n\n\n\n_THE HILLS._\n\nBehind my father's cottage lies\n  A gentle grassy height\nUp which I often ran--to gaze\n  Back with a wondering sight,\nFor then the chimneys I thought high\n  Were down below me quite!\n\nAll round, where'er I turned mine eyes,\n  Huge hills closed up the view;\nThe town 'mid their converging roots\n  Was clasped by rivers two;\nFrom, one range to another sprang\n  The sky's great vault of blue.\n\nIt was a joy to climb their sides,\n  And in the heather lie!\nA joy to look at vantage down\n  On the castle grim and high!\nBlue streams below, white clouds above,\n  In silent earth and sky!\n\nAnd now, where'er my feet may roam,\n  At sight of stranger hill\nA new sense of the old delight\n  Springs in my bosom still,\nAnd longings for the high unknown\n  Their ancient channels fill.\n\nFor I am always climbing hills,\n  From the known to the unknown--\nSurely, at last, on some high peak,\n  To find my Father's throne,\nThough hitherto I have only found\n  His footsteps in the stone!\n\nAnd in my wanderings I did meet\n  Another searching too:\nThe dawning hope, the shared quest\n  Our thoughts together drew;\nFearless she laid her band in mine\n  Because her heart was true.\n\nShe was not born among the hills,\n  Yet on each mountain face\nA something known her inward eye\n  By inborn light can trace;\nFor up the hills must homeward be,\n  Though no one knows the place.\n\nClasp my hand close, my child, in thine--\n  A long way we have come!\nClasp my hand closer yet, my child,\n  Farther we yet must roam--\nClimbing and climbing till we reach\n  Our heavenly father's home.\n\n\n\n_THE JOURNEY._\n\nI.\n\nHark, the rain is on my roof!\nEvery murmur, through the dark,\nStings me with a dull reproof\nLike a half-extinguished spark.\nMe! ah me! how came I here,\nWide awake and wide alone!\nCaught within a net of fear,\nAll my dreams undreamed and gone!\n\nI will rise; I will go forth.\nBetter dare the hideous night,\nBetter face the freezing north\nThan be still, where is no light!\nBlack wind rushing round me now,\nSown with arrowy points of rain!\nGone are there and then and now--\nI am here, and so is pain!\n\nDead in dreams the gloomy street!\nI will out on open roads.\nEager grow my aimless feet--\nOnward, onward something goads!\nI will take the mountain path,\nBeard the storm within its den;\nKnow the worst of this dim wrath\nHarassing the souls of men.\n\nChasm 'neath chasm! rock piled on rock!\nRoots, and crumbling earth, and stones!\nHark, the torrent's thundering shock!\nHark, the swaying pine tree's groans!\nAh! I faint, I fall, I die,\nSink to nothingness away!--\nLo, a streak upon the sky!\nLo, the opening eye of day!\n\nII.\n\nMountain summits lift their snows\nO'er a valley green and low;\nAnd a winding pathway goes\nGuided by the river's flow;\nAnd a music rises ever,\nAs of peace and low content,\nFrom the pebble-paven river\nLike an odour upward sent.\n\nAnd the sound of ancient harms\nMoans behind, the hills among,\nLike the humming of the swarms\nThat unseen the forest throng.\nNow I meet the shining rain\nFrom a cloud with sunny weft;\nNow against the wind I strain,\nSudden burst from mountain cleft.\n\nNow a sky that hath a moon\nStaining all the cloudy white\nWith a faded rainbow--soon\nLost in deeps of heavenly night!\nNow a morning clear and soft,\nAmber on the purple hills;\nWarm blue day of summer, oft\nCooled by wandering windy rills!\n\nJoy to travel thus along\nWith the universe around!\nEvery creature of the throng,\nEvery sight and scent and sound\nHomeward speeding, beauty-laden,\nBeelike, to its hive, my soul!\nMine the eye the stars are made in!\nMine the heart of Nature's whole!\n\nIII.\n\nHills retreating on each hand\nSlowly sink into the plain;\nSolemn through the outspread land\nRolls the river to the main.\nIn the glooming of the night\nSomething through the dusky air\nDoubtful glimmers, faintly white,\nBut I know not what or where.\n\nIs it but a chalky ridge\nBared of sod, like tree of bark?\nOr a river-spanning bridge\nMiles away into the dark?\nOr the foremost leaping waves\nOf the everlasting sea,\nWhere the Undivided laves\nTime with its eternity?\n\nIs it but an eye-made sight,\nIn my brain a fancied gleam?\nOr a faint aurora-light\nFrom the sun's tired smoking team?\nIn the darkness it is gone,\nYet with every step draws nigh;\nKnown shall be the thing unknown\nWhen the morning climbs the sky!\n\nOnward, onward through the night\nMatters it I cannot see?\nI am moving in a might\nDwelling in the dark and me!\nEnd or way I cannot lose--\nGrudge to rest, or fear to roam;\nAll is well with wanderer whose\nHeart is travelling hourly home.\n\nIV.\n\nJoy! O joy! the dawning sea\nAnswers to the dawning sky,\nForetaste of the coming glee\nWhen the sun will lord it high!\nSee the swelling radiance growing\nTo a dazzling glory-might!\nSee the shadows gently going\n'Twixt the wave-tops wild with light!\n\nHear the smiting billows clang!\nSee the falling billows lean\nHalf a watery vault, and hang\nGleaming with translucent green,\nThen in thousand fleeces fall,\nThundering light upon the strand!--\nThis the whiteness which did call\nThrough the dusk, across the land!\n\nSee, a boat! Out, out we dance!\nFierce blasts swoop upon my sail!\nWhat a terrible expanse--\nTumbling hill and heaving dale!\nStayless, helpless, lost I float,\nCaptive to the lawless free!\nBut a prison is my boat!\nOh, for petrel-wings to flee!\n\nLook below: each watery whirl\nCast in beauty's living mould!\nLook above: each feathery curl\nDropping crimson, dropping gold!--\nOh, I tremble in the flush\nOf the everlasting youth!\nLove and awe together rush:\nI am free in God, the Truth!\n\n\n\n_THE TREE'S PRAYER_.\n\nAlas, 'tis cold and dark!\nThe wind all night hath sung a wintry tune!\nHail from black clouds that swallowed up the moon\nBeat, beat against my bark.\n\nOh! why delays the spring?\nNot yet the sap moves in my frozen veins;\nThrough all my stiffened roots creep numbing pains,\nThat I can hardly cling.\n\nThe sun shone yester-morn;\nI felt the glow down every fibre float,\nAnd thought I heard a thrush's piping note\nOf dim dream-gladness born.\n\nThen, on the salt gale driven,\nThe streaming cloud hissed through my outstretched arms,\nTossed me about in slanting snowy swarms,\nAnd blotted out the heaven.\n\nAll night I brood and choose\nAmong past joys. Oh, for the breath of June!\nThe feathery light-flakes quavering from the moon\nThe slow baptizing dews!\n\nOh, the joy-frantic birds!--\nThey are the tongues of us, mute, longing trees!\nAha, the billowy odours! and the bees\nThat browse like scattered herds!\n\nThe comfort-whispering showers\nThat thrill with gratefulness my youngest shoot!\nThe children playing round my deep-sunk root,\nGreen-caved from burning hours!\n\nSee, see the heartless dawn,\nWith naked, chilly arms latticed across!\nAnother weary day of moaning loss\nOn the thin-shadowed lawn!\n\nBut icy winter's past;\nYea, climbing suns persuade the relenting wind:\nI will endure with steadfast, patient mind;\nMy leaves _will_ come at last!\n\n\n\n_WERE I A SKILFUL PAINTER._\n\nWere I a skilful painter,\nMy pencil, not my pen,\nShould try to teach thee hope and fear,\nAnd who would blame me then?--\nFear of the tide of darkness\nThat floweth fast behind,\nAnd hope to make thee journey on\nIn the journey of the mind.\n\nWere I a skilful painter,\nWhat should I paint for thee?--\nA tiny spring-bud peeping out\nFrom a withered wintry tree;\nThe warm blue sky of summer\nO'er jagged ice and snow,\nAnd water hurrying gladsome out\nFrom a cavern down below;\n\nThe dim light of a beacon\nUpon a stormy sea,\nWhere a lonely ship to windward beats\nFor life and liberty;\nA watery sun-ray gleaming\nAthwart a sullen cloud\nAnd falling on some grassy flower\nThe rain had earthward bowed;\n\nMorn peeping o'er a mountain,\nIn ambush for the dark,\nAnd a traveller in the vale below\nRejoicing like a lark;\nA taper nearly vanished\nAmid the dawning gray,\nAnd a maiden lifting up her head,\nAnd lo, the coming day!\n\nI am no skilful painter;\nLet who will blame me then\nThat I would teach thee hope and fear\nWith my plain-talking pen!--\nFear of the tide of darkness\nThat floweth fast behind,\nAnd hope to make thee journey on\nIn the journey of the mind.\n\n\n\n_FAR AND NEAR_.\n[The fact which suggested this poem is related by Clarke in his Travels.]\n\nI.\n\nBlue sky above, blue sea below,\n  Far off, the old Nile's mouth,\n'Twas a blue world, wherein did blow\n  A soft wind from the south.\n\nIn great and solemn heaves the mass\n  Of pulsing ocean beat,\nUnwrinkled as the sea of glass\n  Beneath the holy feet.\n\nWith forward leaning of desire\n  The ship sped calmly on,\nA pilgrim strong that would not tire\n  Or hasten to be gone.\n\nII.\n\nList!--on the wave!--what can they be,\n  Those sounds that hither glide?\nNo lovers whisper tremulously\n  Under the ship's round side!\n\nNo sail across the dark blue sphere\n  Holds white obedient way;\nNo far-fled, sharp-winged boat is near,\n  No following fish at play!\n\n'Tis not the rippling of the wave,\n  Nor sighing of the cords;\nNo winds or waters ever gave\n  A murmur so like words;\n\nNor wings of birds that northward strain,\n  Nor talk of hidden crew:\nThe traveller questioned, but in vain--\n  He found no answer true.\n\nIII.\n\nA hundred level miles away,\n  On Egypt's troubled shore,\nTwo nations fought, that sunny day,\n  With bellowing cannons' roar.\n\nThe fluttering whisper, low and near,\n  Was that far battle's blare;\nA lipping, rippling motion here,\n  The blasting thunder there.\n\nIV.\n\nCan this dull sighing in my breast\n  So faint and undefined,\nBe the worn edge of far unrest\n  Borne on the spirit's wind?\n\nThe uproar of high battle fought\n  Betwixt the bond and free,\nThe thunderous roll of armed thought\n  Dwarfed to an ache in me?\n\n\n\n_MY ROOM_\n\nTo G. E. M.\n\n  'Tis a little room, my friend--\nBaby walks from end to end;\nAll the things look sadly real\nThis hot noontide unideal;\nVaporous heat from cope to basement\nAll you see outside the casement,\nSave one house all mud-becrusted,\nAnd a street all drought-bedusted!\nThere behold its happiest vision,\nTrickling water-cart's derision!\nShut we out the staring space,\nDraw the curtains in its face!\n\n  Close the eyelids of the room,\nFill it with a scarlet gloom:\nLo, the walls with warm flush dyed!\nLo, the ceiling glorified,\nAs when, lost in tenderest pinks,\nWhite rose on the red rose thinks!\nBut beneath, a hue right rosy,\nRed as a geranium-posy,\nStains the air with power estranging,\nKnown with unknown clouding, changing.\nSee in ruddy atmosphere\nCommonplaceness disappear!\nLook around on either hand--\nAre we not in fairyland?\n\n  On that couch, inwrapt in mist\nOf vaporized amethyst,\nLie, as in a rose's heart:\nSecret things I would impart;\nAny time you would believe them--\nEasier, though, you will receive them\nBathed in glowing mystery\nOf the red light shadowy;\nFor this ruby-hearted hue,\nSanguine core of all the true,\nWhich for love the heart would plunder\nIs the very hue of wonder;\nThis dissolving dreamy red\nIs the self-same radiance shed\nFrom the heart of poet young,\nGlowing poppy sunlight-stung:\nIf in light you make a schism\n'Tis the deepest in the prism.\n\n  This poor-seeming room, in fact\nIs of marvels all compact,\nSo disguised by common daylight\nBy its disenchanting gray light,\nOnly eyes that see by shining,\nInside pierce to its live lining.\nLoftiest observatory\nNe'er unveiled such hidden glory;\nNever sage's furnace-kitchen\nMagic wonders was so rich in;\nNever book of wizard old\nClasped such in its iron hold.\n\n  See that case against the wall,\nDarkly-dull-purpureal!--\nA piano to the prosy,\nBut to us in twilight rosy--\nWhat?--A cave where Nereids lie,\nNaiads, Dryads, Oreads sigh,\nDreaming of the time when they\nDanced in forest and in bay.\nIn that chest before your eyes\nNature self-enchanted lies;--\nLofty days of summer splendour;\nLow dim eves of opal tender;\nAiry hunts of cloud and wind;\nBrooding storm--below, behind;\nAwful hills and midnight woods;\nSunny rains in solitudes;\nBabbling streams in forests hoar;\nSeven-hued icebergs; oceans frore.--\nYes; did I not say _enchanted_,\nThat is, hid away till wanted?\nDo you hear a low-voiced singing?\n'Tis the sorceress's, flinging\nSpells around her baby's riot,\nBinding her in moveless quiet:--\nShe at will can disenchant them,\nAnd to prayer believing grant them.\n\n  You believe me: soon will night\nFree her hands for fair delight;\nThen invoke her--she will come.\nFold your arms, be blind and dumb.\nShe will bring a book of spells\nWrit like crabbed oracles;\nLike Sabrina's will her hands\nThaw the power of charmed bands.\nFirst will ransomed music rush\nRound thee in a glorious gush;\nNext, upon its waves will sally,\nLike a stream-god down a valley,\nNature's self, the formless former,\nNature's self, the peaceful stormer;\nShe will enter, captive take thee,\nAnd both one and many make thee,\nOne by softest power to still thee,\nMany by the thoughts that fill thee.--\nLet me guess three guesses where\nShe her prisoner will bear!\n\n  On a mountain-top you stand\nGazing o'er a sunny land;\nShining streams, like silver veins,\nRise in dells and meet in plains;\nUp yon brook a hollow lies\nDumb as love that fears surprise;\nMoorland tracts of broken ground\nO'er it rise and close it round:\nHe who climbs from bosky dale\nHears the foggy breezes wail.\nYes, thou know'st the nest of love,\nKnow'st the waste around, above!\nIn thy soul or in thy past,\nStraight it melts into the vast,\nQuickly vanishes away\nIn a gloom of darkening gray.\n\n  Sinks the sadness into rest,\nRipple like on water's breast:\nMother's bosom rests the daughter--\nGrief the ripple, love the water;\nAnd thy brain like wind-harp lies\nBreathed upon from distant skies,\nTill, soft-gathering, visions new\nGrow like vapours in the blue:\nWhite forms, flushing hyacinthine,\nMove in motions labyrinthine;\nWith an airy wishful gait\nOn the counter-motion wait;\nSweet restraint and action free\nShow the law of liberty;\nMaster of the revel still\nThe obedient, perfect will;\nHating smallest thing awry,\nBreathing, breeding harmony;\nWhile the god-like graceful feet,\nFor such mazy marvelling meet,\nPress from air a shining sound,\nRippling after, lingering round:\nHair afloat and arms aloft\nFill the chord of movement soft.\n\n  Gone the measure polyhedral!\nTowers aloft a fair cathedral!\nEvery arch--like praying arms\nUpward flung in love's alarms,\nKnit by clasped hands o'erhead--\nHeaves to heaven a weight of dread;\nIn thee, like an angel-crowd,\nGrows the music, praying loud,\nSwells thy spirit with devotion\nAs a strong wind swells the ocean,\nSweeps the visioned pile away,\nLeaves thy heart alone to pray.\n\n  As the prayer grows dim and dies\nLike a sunset from the skies,\nGlides another change of mood\nO'er thy inner solitude:\nGirt with Music's magic zone,\nLo, thyself magician grown!\nOpen-eyed thou walk'st through earth\nBrooding on the aeonian birth\nOf a thousand wonder-things\nIn divine dusk of their springs:\nHalf thou seest whence they flow,\nHalf thou seest whither go--\nNature's consciousness, whereby\nOn herself she turns her eye,\nHoping for all men and thee\nPerfected, pure harmony.\n\n  But when, sinking slow, the sun\nLeaves the glowing curtain dun,\nI, of prophet-insight reft,\nShall be dull and dreamless left;\nI must hasten proof on proof,\nWeaving in the warp my woof!\n\n  What are those upon the wall,\nRanged in rows symmetrical?\nThrough the wall of things external\nPosterns they to the supernal;\nThrough Earth's battlemented height\nLoopholes to the Infinite;\nThrough locked gates of place and time,\nWickets to the eternal prime\nLying round the noisy day\nFull of silences alway.\n\n  That, my friend? Now, it is curious\nYou should hit upon the spurious!\n'Tis a door to nowhere, that;\nNever soul went in thereat;\nLies behind, a limy wall\nHung with cobwebs, that is all.\n\n  Do not open that one yet,\nWait until the sun is set.\nIf you careless lift its latch\nGlimpse of nothing will you catch;\nMere negation, blank of hue,\nOut of it will stare at you;\nWait, I say, the coming night,\nFittest time for second sight,\nThen the wide eyes of the mind\nSee far down the Spirit's wind.\nYou may have to strain and pull,\nForce and lift with cunning tool,\nEre the rugged, ill-joined door\nYield the sight it stands before:\nWhen at last, with grating sweep,\nWide it swings--behold, the deep!\n\n  Thou art standing on the verge\nWhere material things emerge;\nHoary silence, lightning fleet,\nShooteth hellward at thy feet!\nFear not thou whose life is truth,\nGazing will renew thy youth;\nBut where sin of soul or flesh\nHeld a man in spider-mesh,\nIt would drag him through that door,\nGive him up to loreless lore,\nAges to be blown and hurled\nUp and down a deedless world.\n\n  Ah, your eyes ask how I brook\nDoors that are not, doors to look!\nThat is whither I was tending,\nAnd it brings me to good ending.\n\n  Baby is the cause of this;\nOdd it seems, but so it is;--\nBaby, with her pretty prate\nMolten, half articulate,\nFull of hints, suggestions, catches,\nBroken verse, and music snatches!\nShe, like seraph gone astray,\nMust be shown the homeward way;\nPlant of heaven, she, rooted lowly,\nMust put forth a blossom holy,\nMust, through culture high and steady,\nSlow unfold a gracious lady;\nShe must therefore live in wonder,\nSee nought common up or under;\nShe the moon and stars and sea,\nWorm and butterfly and bee,\nYea, the sparkle in a stone,\nMust with marvel look upon;\nShe must love, in heaven's own blueness,\nBoth the colour and the newness;\nMust each day from darkness break,\nOften often come awake,\nNever with her childhood part,\nChange the brain, but keep the heart.\n\n  So, from lips and hands and looks,\nShe must learn to honour books,\nTurn the leaves with careful fingers,\nNever lean where long she lingers;\nBut when she is old enough\nShe must learn the lesson rough\nThat to seem is not to be,\nAs to know is not to see;\nThat to man or book, _appearing_\nGives no title to revering;\nThat a pump is not a well,\nNor a priest an oracle:\nThis to leave safe in her mind,\nI will take her and go find\nCertain no-books, dreary apes,\nTell her they are mere mock-shapes\nNo more to be honoured by her\nBut be laid upon the fire;\nBook-appearance must not hinder\nTheir consuming to a cinder.\n\n  Would you see the small immortal\nOne short pace within Time's portal?\nI will fetch her.--Is she white?\nSolemn? true? a light in light?\nSee! is not her lily-skin\nWhite as whitest ermelin\nWashed in palest thinnest rose?\nVery thought of God she goes,\nNe'er to wander, in her dance,\nOut of his love-radiance!\n\n  But, my friend, I've rattled plenty\nTo suffice for mornings twenty!\nI should never stop of course,\nTherefore stop I will perforce.--\nIf I led them up, choragic,\nTo reveal their nature magic,\nTwenty things, past contradiction,\nYet would prove I spoke no fiction\nOf the room's belongings cryptic\nRead by light apocalyptic:\nThere is that strange thing, glass-masked,\nWith continual questions tasked,\nTicking with untiring rock:\nIt is called an eight-day clock,\nBut to me the thing appears\nBusy winding up the years,\nDrawing on with coiling chain\nThe epiphany again.\n\n\n\n_DEATH AND BIRTH_.\n\n'Tis the midnight hour; I heard\nThe Abbey-bell give out the word.\nSeldom is the lamp-ray shed\nOn some dwarfed foot-farer's head\nIn the deep and narrow street\nLying ditch-like at my feet\nWhere I stand at lattice high\nDownward gazing listlessly\nFrom my house upon the rock,\nPeak of earth's foundation-block.\n\n  There her windows, every story,\nShine with far-off nebulous glory!\nRound her in that luminous cloud\nStars obedient press and crowd,\nShe the centre of all gazing,\nShe the sun her planets dazing!\nIn her eyes' victorious lightning\nSome are paling, some are brightening:\nThose on which they gracious turn,\nStars combust, all tenfold burn;\nThose from which they look away\nListless roam in twilight gray!\nWhen on her my looks I bent\nWonder shook me like a tent,\nAnd my eyes grew dim with sheen,\nWasting light upon its queen!\nBut though she my eyes might chain,\nRule my ebbing flowing brain,\nTruth alone, without, within,\nCan the soul's high homage win!\n\n  He, I do not doubt, is there\nWho unveiled my idol fair!\nAnd I thank him, grateful much,\nThough his end was none of such.\nHe from shapely lips of wit\nLet the fire-flakes lightly flit,\nScorching as the snow that fell\nOn the damned in Dante's hell;\nWith keen, gentle opposition,\nPlayful, merciless precision,\nMocked the sweet romance of youth\nBalancing on spheric truth;\nHe on sense's firm set plane\nRolled the unstable ball amain:\nWith a smile she looked at me,\nStung my soul, and set me free.\n\n  Welcome, friend! Bring in your bricks.\nMortar there? No need to mix?\nThat is well. And picks and hammers?\nVerily these are no shammers!--\nThere, my friend, build up that niche,\nThat one with the painting rich!\n\n  Yes, you're right; it is a show\nPicture seldom can bestow;\nCity palaces and towers,\nTerraced gardens, twilight bowers,\nVistas deep through swaying masts,\nPennons flaunting in the blasts:\nBuild; my room it does not fit;\nBrick-glaze is the thing for it!\n\n  Yes, a window you may call it;\nNot the less up you must wall it:\nIn that niche the dead world lies;\nBury death, and free mine eyes.\n\n  There were youths who held by me,\nSaid I taught, yet left them free:\nWill they do as I said then?\nGod forbid! As ye are men,\nFind the secret--follow and find!\nAll forget that lies behind;\nMe, the schools, yourselves, forsake;\nIn your souls a silence make;\nHearken till a whisper come,\nListen, follow, and be dumb.\n\n  There! 'tis over; I am dead!\nOf my life the broken thread\nHere I cast out of my hand!--\nO my soul, the merry land!\nOn my heart the sinking vault\nOf my ruining past makes halt;\nAges I could sit and moan\nFor the shining world that's gone!\n\n  Haste and pierce the other wall;\nBreak an opening to the All!\nWhere? No matter; done is best.\nKind of window? Let that rest:\nWho at morning ever lies\nPondering how to ope his eyes!\n\n  I bethink me: we must fall\nOn the thinnest of the wall!\nThere it must be, in that niche!--\nNo, the deepest--that in which\nStands the Crucifix.\n\n                     You start?--\nAh, your half-believing heart\nShrinks from that as sacrilege,\nOr, at least, upon its edge!\nWorse than sacrilege, I say,\nIs it to withhold the day\nFrom the brother whom thou knowest\nFor the God thou never sawest!\n\n  Reverently, O marble cold,\nThee in living arms I fold!\nThou who art thyself the way\nFrom the darkness to the day,\nWindow, thou, to every land,\nWouldst not one dread moment stand\nShutting out the air and sky\nAnd the dayspring from on high!\nBrother with the rugged crown,\nGently thus I lift thee down!\n\n  Give me pick and hammer; you\nStand aside; the deed I'll do.\nYes, in truth, I have small skill,\nBut the best thing is the will.\n\n  Stroke on stroke! The frescoed plaster\nClashes downward, fast and faster.\nHark, I hear an outer stone\nDown the rough rock rumbling thrown!\nThere's a cranny! there's a crack!\nThe great sun is at its back!\nLo, a mass is outward flung!\nIn the universe hath sprung!\n\n  See the gold upon the blue!\nSee the sun come blinding through!\nSee the far-off mountain shine\nIn the dazzling light divine!\nPrisoned world, thy captive's gone!\nWelcome wind, and sky, and sun!\n\n\n\n_LOVE'S ORDEAL._\n\nA recollection and attempted completion of a prose fragment read in\nboyhood.\n\n  \"Hear'st thou that sound upon the window pane?\"\nSaid the youth softly, as outstretched he lay\nWhere for an hour outstretched he had lain--\nSoftly, yet with some token of dismay.\nAnswered the maiden: \"It is but the rain\nThat has been gathering in the west all day!\nWhy shouldst thou hearken so? Thine eyelids close,\nAnd let me gather peace from thy repose.\"\n\n  \"Hear'st thou that moan creeping along the ground?\"\nSaid the youth, and his veiling eyelids rose\nFrom deeps of lightning-haunted dark profound\nRuffled with herald blasts of coming woes.\n\"I hear it,\" said the maiden; \"'tis the sound\nOf a great wind that here not seldom blows;\nIt swings the huge arms of the dreary pine,\nBut thou art safe, my darling, clasped in mine.\"\n\n  \"Hear'st thou the baying of my hounds?\" said he;\n\"Draw back the lattice bar and let them in.\"\nFrom a rent cloud the moonlight, ghostily,\nSlid clearer to the floor, as, gauntly thin,\nShe opening, they leaped through with bound so free,\nThen shook the rain-drops from their shaggy skin.\nThe maiden closed the shower-bespattered glass,\nWhose spotted shadow through the room did pass.\n\n  The youth, half-raised, was leaning on his hand,\nBut, when again beside him sat the maid,\nHis eyes for one slow minute having scanned\nHer moonlit face, he laid him down, and said,\nMonotonous, like solemn-read command:\n\"For Love is of the earth, earthy, and is laid\nLifeless at length back in the mother-tomb.\"\nStrange moanings from the pine entered the room.\n\n  And then two shadows like the shadow of glass,\nOver the moonbeams on the cottage floor,\nAs wind almost as thin and shapeless, pass;\nA sound of rain-drops came about the door,\nAnd a soft sighing as of plumy grass;\nA look of sorrowing doubt the youth's face wore;\nThe two great hounds half rose; with aspect grim\nThey eyed his countenance by the taper dim.\n\n  Shadow nor moaning sound the maiden noted,\nBut on his face dwelt her reproachful look;\nShe doubted whether he the saying had quoted\nOut of some evil, earth-begotten book,\nOr up from his deep heart, like bubbles, had floated\nWords which no maiden ever yet could brook;\nBut his eyes held the question, \"Yea or No?\"\nTherefore the maiden answered, \"Nay, not so;\n\n  \"Love is of heaven, eternal.\" Half a smile\nJust twinned his lips: shy, like all human best,\nA hopeful thought bloomed out, and lived a while;\nHe looked one moment like a dead man blest--\nHis soul a bark that in a sunny isle\nAt length had found the haven of its rest;\nBut he could not remain, must forward fare:\nHe spoke, and said with words abrupt and bare,\n\n  \"Maiden, I have loved other maidens.\" Pale\nHer red lips grew. \"I loved them, yes, but they\nSuccessively in trial's hour did fail,\nFor after sunset clouds again are gray.\"\nA sudden light shone through the fringy veil\nThat drooping hid her eyes; and then there lay\nA stillness on her face, waiting; and then\nThe little clock rung out the hour of ten.\n\n  Moaning once more the great pine-branches bow\nTo a soft plaining wind they would not stem.\nBrooding upon her face, the youth said, \"Thou\nArt not more beautiful than some of them,\nBut a fair courage crowns thy peaceful brow,\nNor glow thine eyes, but shine serene like gem\nThat lamps from radiant store upon the dark\nThe light it gathered where its song the lark.\n\n  \"The horse that broke this day from grasp of three,\nThou sawest then the hand thou holdest, hold:\nEre two fleet hours are gone, that hand will be\nDry, big-veined, wrinkled, withered up and old!--\nNo woman yet hath shared my doom with me.\"\nWith calm fixed eyes she heard till he had told;\nThe stag-hounds rose, a moment gazed at him,\nThen laid them down with aspect yet more grim.\n\n  Spake on the youth, nor altered look or tone:\n\"'Tis thy turn, maiden, to say no or dare.\"--\nWas it the maiden's, that importunate moan?--\n\"At midnight, when the moon sets, wilt thou share\nThe terror with me? or must I go alone\nTo meet an agony that will not spare?\"\nShe answered not, but rose to take her cloak;\nHe staid her with his hand, and further spoke.\n\n  \"Not yet,\" he said; \"yet there is respite; see,\nTime's finger points not yet to the dead hour!\nEnough is left even now for telling thee\nThe far beginnings whence the fearful power\nOf the great dark came shadowing down on me:\nRed roses crowding clothe my love's dear bower--\nNightshade and hemlock, darnel, toadstools white\nCompass the place where I must lie to-night!\"\n\n  Around his neck the maiden put her arm\nAnd knelt beside him leaning on his breast,\nAs o'er his love, to keep it strong and warm,\nBrooding like bird outspread upon her nest.\nAnd well the faith of her dear eyes might charm\nAll doubt away from love's primeval rest!\nHe hid his face upon her heart, and there\nSpake on with voice like wind from lonely lair.\n\n  A drearier moaning through the pine did go\nAs if a human voice complained and cried\nFor one long minute; then the sound grew low,\nSank to a sigh, and sighing sank and died.\nTogether at the silence two voices mow--\nHis, and the clock's, which, loud grown, did divide\nThe hours into live moments--sparks of time\nScorching the soul that trembles for the chime.\n\n  He spoke of sins ancestral, born in him\nImpulses; of resistance fierce and wild;\nOf failure weak, and strength reviving dim;\nSelf-hatred, dreariness no love beguiled;\nOf storm, and blasting light, and darkness grim;\nOf torrent paths, and tombs with mountains piled;\nOf gulfs in the unsunned bosom of the earth;\nOf dying ever into dawning birth.\n\n  \"But when I find a heart whose blood is wine;\nWhose faith lights up the cold brain's passionless hour;\nWhose love, like unborn rose-bud, will not pine,\nBut waits the sun and the baptizing shower--\nTill then lies hid, and gathers odours fine\nTo greet the human summer, when its flower\nShall blossom in the heart and soul and brain,\nAnd love and passion be one holy twain--\n\n  \"Then shall I rest, rest like the seven of yore;\nSlumber divine will steep my outworn soul\nAnd every stain dissolve to the very core.\nShe too will slumber, having found her goal.\nTime's ocean o'er us will, in silence frore,\nAeonian tides of change-filled seasons roll,\nAnd our long, dark, appointed period fill.\nThen shall we wake together, loving still.\"\n\n  Her face on his, her mouth to his mouth pressed,\nWas all the answer of the trusting maid.\nClose in his arms he held her to his breast\nFor one brief moment--would have yet assayed\nSome deeper word her heart to strengthen, lest\nIt should though faithful be too much afraid;\nBut the clock gave the warning to the hour--\nAnd on the thatch fell sounds not of a shower.\n\n  One long kiss, and the maiden rose. A fear\nLay, thin as a glassy shadow, on her heart;\nShe trembled as some unknown thing were near,\nBut smiled next moment--for they should not part!\nThe youth arose. With solemn-joyous cheer,\nHe helped the maid, whose trembling hands did thwart\nHer haste to wrap her in her mantle's fold;\nThen out they passed into the midnight cold.\n\n  The moon was sinking in the dim green west,\nCurled upward, half-way to the horizon's brink,\nA leaf of glory falling to its rest,\nThe maiden's hand, still trembling, sought to link\nHer arm to his, with love's instinctive quest,\nBut his enfolded her; hers did not sink,\nBut, thus set free, it stole his body round,\nAnd so they walked, in freedom's fetters bound.\n\n  Pressed to his side, she felt, like full-toned bell,\nA mighty heart heave large in measured play;\nBut as the floating moon aye lower fell\nIts bounding force did, by slow loss, decay.\nIt throbbed now like a bird; now like far knell\nPulsed low and faint! And now, with sick dismay,\nShe felt the arm relax that round her clung,\nAnd from her circling arm he forward hung.\n\n  His footsteps feeble, short his paces grow;\nHer strength and courage mount and swell amain.\nHe lifted up his head: the moon lay low,\nNigh the world's edge. His lips with some keen pain\nQuivered, but with a smile his eyes turned slow\nSeeking in hers the balsam for his bane\nAnd finding it--love over death supreme:\nLike two sad souls they walked met in one dream.[A]\n\n[Note A:\n\nIn a lovely garden walking\n  Two lovers went hand in hand;\nTwo wan, worn figures, talking\n  They sat in the flowery land.\n\nOn the cheek they kissed one another,\n  On the mouth with sweet refrain;\nFast held they each the other,\n  And were young and well again.\n\nTwo little bells rang shrilly--\n  The dream went with the hour:\nShe lay in the cloister stilly,\n  He far in the dungeon-tower!\n\n      _From Uhland._]\n\n  Hanging his head, behind each came a hound,\nPadding with gentle paws upon the road.\nStraight silent pines rose here and there around;\nA dull stream on the left side hardly flowed;\nA black snake through the sluggish waters wound.\nHark, the night raven! see the crawling toad!\nShe thinks how dark will be the moonless night,\nHow feeblest ray is yet supernal light.\n\n  The moon's last gleam fell on dim glazed eyes,\nA body shrunken from its garments' fold:\nAn aged man whose bent knees could not rise,\nHe tottered in the maiden's tightening hold.\nShe shivered, but too slight was the disguise\nTo hide from love what never yet was old;\nShe held him fast, with open eyes did pray,\nWalked through the fear, and kept the onward way.\n\n  Toward a gloomy thicket of tall firs,\nDragging his inch-long steps, he turned aside.\nThere Silence sleeps; not one green needle stirs.\nThey enter it. A breeze begins to chide\nAmong the cones. It swells until it whirs,\nVibrating so each sharp leaf that it sighed:\nThe grove became a harp of mighty chords,\nWing-smote by unseen creatures wild for words.\n\n  But when he turned again, toward the cleft\nOf a great rock, as instantly it ceased,\nAnd the tall pines stood sudden, as if reft\nOf a strong passion, or from pain released;\nAgain they wove their straight, dark, motionless weft\nAcross the moonset-bars; and, west and east,\nCloud-giants rose and marched up cloudy stairs;\nAnd like sad thoughts the bats came unawares.\n\n  'Twas a drear chamber for thy bridal night,\nO poor, pale, saviour bride! An earthen lamp\nWith shaking hands he kindled, whose faint light\nMooned out a tiny halo on the damp\nThat filled the cavern to its unseen height,\nDim glimmering like death-candle in a swamp.\nWatching the entrance, each side lies a hound,\nWith liquid light his red eyes gleaming round.\n\n  A heap rose grave-like from the rocky floor\nOf moss and leaves, by many a sunny wind\nLong tossed and dried--with rich furs covered o'er\nExpectant. Up a jealous glory shined\nIn her possessing heart: he should find more\nIn her than in those faithless! With sweet mind\nShe, praying gently, did herself unclothe,\nAnd lay down by him, trusting, and not loath.\n\n  Once more a wind came, flapping overhead;\nThe hounds pricked up their ears, their eyes flashed fire.\nThe trembling maiden heard a sudden tread--\nDull, yet plain dinted on the windy gyre,\nAs if long, wet feet o'er smooth pavement sped--\nCome fiercely up, as driven by longing dire\nTo enter; followed sounds of hurried rout:\nWith bristling hair, the hounds stood looking out.\n\n  Then came, half querulous, a whisper old,\nFeeble and hollow as if shut in a chest:\n\"Take my face on your bosom; I am cold.\"\nShe bared her holy bosom's truth-white nest,\nAnd forth her two hands instant went, love-bold,\nAnd took the face, and close against her pressed:\nAh, the dead chill!--Was that the feet again?--\nBut her great heart kept beating for the twain.\n\n  She heard the wind fall, heard the following rain\nSwelling the silent waters till their sound\nWent wallowing through the night along the plain.\nThe lamp went out, by the slow darkness drowned.\nMust the fair dawn a thousand years refrain?\nLike centuries the feeble hours went round.\nEternal night entombed her with decay:\nTo her live soul she clasped the breathless clay.\n\n  The world stood still.  Her life sank down so low\nThat but for wretchedness no life she knew.\nA charnel wind moaned out a moaning--_No_;\nFrom the devouring heart of earth it blew.\nFair memories lost all their sunny glow:\nOut of the dark the forms of old friends grew\nBut so transparent blanched with dole and smart\nShe saw the pale worm lying in each heart.\n\n  And, worst of all--Oh death of keep-fled life!\nA voice within her woke and cried: In sooth\nVain is all sorrow, hope, and care, and strife!\nLove and its beauty, its tenderness and truth\nAre shadows bred in hearts too fancy-rife,\nWhich melt and pass with sure-decaying youth:\nRegard them, and they quiver, waver, blot;\nGaze at them fixedly, and they are not.\n\n  And all the answer the poor child could make\nWas in the tightened clasp of arms and hands.\nHopeless she lay, like one Death would not take\nBut still kept driving from his empty lands,\nYet hopeless held she out for his dear sake;\nThe darksome horror grew like drifting sands\nTill nought was precious--neither God nor light,\nAnd yet she braved the false, denying night.\n\n  So dead was hope, that, when a glimmer weak\nStole through a fissure somewhere in the cave,\nThinning the clotted darkness on his cheek,\nShe thought her own tired eyes the glimmer gave:\nHe moved his head; she saw his eyes, love-meek,\nAnd knew that Death was dead and filled the Grave.\nOld age, convicted lie, had fled away!\nYouth, Youth eternal, in her bosom lay!\n\n  With a low cry closer to him she crept\nAnd on his bosom hid a face that glowed:\nIt was his turn to comfort--he had slept!\nOh earth and sky, oh ever patient God,\nShe had not yielded, but the truth had kept!\nNew love, new bliss in weeping overflowed.\nI can no farther tell the tale begun;\nThey are asleep, and waiting for the sun.\n\n\n\n_THE LOST SOUL_.\n\n  Look! look there!\nSend your eyes across the gray\nBy my finger-point away\nThrough the vaporous, fumy air.\nBeyond the air, you see the dark?\nBeyond the dark, the dawning day?\nOn its horizon, pray you, mark\nSomething like a ruined heap\nOf worlds half-uncreated, that go back:\nDown all the grades through which they rose\nUp to harmonious life and law's repose,\nBack, slow, to the awful deep\nOf nothingness, mere being's lack:\nOn its surface, lone and bare,\nShapeless as a dumb despair,\nFormless, nameless, something lies:\nCan the vision in your eyes\nIts idea recognize?\n\n  'Tis a poor lost soul, alack!--\nHalf he lived some ages back;\nBut, with hardly opened eyes,\nThinking him already wise,\nDown he sat and wrote a book;\nDrew his life into a nook;\nOut of it would not arise\nTo peruse the letters dim,\nGraven dark on his own walls;\nThose, he judged, were chance-led scrawls,\nOr at best no use to him.\nA lamp was there for reading these;\nThis he trimmed, sitting at ease,\nFor its aid to write his book,\nNever at his walls to look--\nTrimmed and trimmed to one faint spark\nWhich went out, and left him dark.--\nI will try if he can hear\nSpirit words with spirit ear!\n\n  Motionless thing! who once,\nLike him who cries to thee,\nHadst thy place with thy shining peers,\nThy changeful place in the changeless dance\nIssuing ever in radiance\nFrom the doors of the far eternity,\nWith feet that glitter and glide and glance\nTo the music-law that binds the free,\nAnd sets the captive at liberty--\nTo the clang of the crystal spheres!\nO heart for love! O thirst to drink\nFrom the wells that feed the sea!\nO hands of truth, a human link\n'Twixt mine and the Father's knee!\nO eyes to see! O soul to think!\nO life, the brother of me!\nHas Infinitude sucked back all\nThe individual life it gave?\nBoots it nothing to cry and call?\nIs thy form an empty grave?\n\n  It heareth not, brothers, the terrible thing!\nSounds no sense to its ear will bring!\nLet us away, 'tis no use to tarry;\nLove no light to its heart will carry!\nSting it with words, it will never shrink;\nIt will not repent, it cannot think!\nHath God forgotten it, alas!\nLost in eternity's lumber-room?\nWill the wind of his breathing never pass\nOver it through the insensate gloom?\nLike a frost-killed bud on a tombstone curled,\nCrumbling it lies on its crumbling world,\nSightless and deaf, with never a cry,\nIn the hell of its own vacuity!\n\n  See, see yon angel crossing our flight\nWhere the thunder vapours loom,\nFrom his upcast pinions flashing the light\nOf some outbreaking doom!\nUp, brothers! away! a storm is nigh!\nSmite we the wing up a steeper sky!\nWhat matters the hail or the clashing winds,\nThe thunder that buffets, the lightning that blinds!\nWe know by the tempest we do not lie\nDead in the pits of eternity!\n\n\n\n_THE THREE HORSES_.\n\nWhat shall I be?--I will be a knight\n  Walled up in armour black,\nWith a sword of sharpness, a hammer of might.\n  And a spear that will not crack--\nSo black, so blank, no glimmer of light\n  Will betray my darkling track.\n\nSaddle my coal-black steed, my men,\n  Fittest for sunless work;\nOld Night is steaming from her den,\n  And her children gather and lurk;\nBad things are creeping from the fen,\n  And sliding down the murk.\n\nLet him go!--let him go! Let him plunge!--Keep away!\n  He's a foal of the third seal's brood!\nGaunt with armour, in grim array\n  Of poitrel and frontlet-hood,\nLet him go, a living castle, away--\n  Right for the evil wood.\n\nI and Ravenwing on the course,\n  Heavy in fighting gear--\nWoe to the thing that checks our force,\n  That meets us in career!\nGiant, enchanter, devil, or worse--\n  What cares the couched spear!\n\nSlow through the trees zigzag I ride.\n  See! the goblins!--to and fro!\nFrom the skull of the dark, on either side,\n  See the eyes of a dragon glow!\nFrom the thickets the silent serpents glide--\n  I pass them, I let them go;\n\nFor somewhere in the evil night\n  A little one cries alone;\nAn aged knight, outnumbered in fight,\n  But for me will be stricken prone;\nA lady with terror is staring white,\n  For her champion is overthrown.\n\nThe child in my arms, to my hauberk prest,\n  Like a trembling bird will cling;\nI will cover him over, in iron nest,\n  With my shield, my one steel wing,\nAnd bear him home to his mother's breast,\n  A radiant, rescued thing.\n\nSpur in flank, and lance in rest,\n  On the old knight's foes I flash;\nThe caitiffs I scatter to east and west\n  With clang and hurtle and crash;\nLeave them the law, as knaves learn it best,\n  In bruise, and breach, and gash.\n\nThe lady I lift on my panting steed;\n  On the pommel she holds my mace;\nHand on bridle I gently lead\n  The horse at a gentle pace;\nThe thickets with martel-axe I heed,\n  For the wood is an evil place.\n\nWhat treasure is there in manly might\n  That hid in the bosom lies!\nWho for the crying will not fight\n  Had better be he that cries!\nA man is a knight that loves the right\n  And mounts for it till he dies.\n\nAlas, 'tis a dream of ages hoar!\n  In the fens no dragons won;\nNo giants from moated castles roar;\n  Through the forest wide roadways run;\nOf all the deeds they did of yore\n  Not one is left to be done!\n\nIf I should saddle old Ravenwing\n  And hie me out at night,\nScared little birds away would spring\n  An ill-shot arrow's flight:\nThe idle fancy away I fling,\n  Now I will dream aright!\n\nLet a youth bridle Twilight, my dapple-gray,\n  With broad rein and snaffle bit;\nHe must bring him round at break of day\n  When the shadows begin to flit,\nWhen the darkness begins to dream away,\n  And the owls begin to sit.\n\nUngraithed in plate or mail I go,\n  With only my sword--gray-blue\nLike the scythe of the dawning come to mow\n  The night-sprung shadows anew\nFrom the gates of the east, that, fair and slow,\n  Maid Morning may walk through.\n\nI seek no forest with darkness grim,\n  To the open land I ride;\nLow light, from the broad horizon's brim,\n  Lies wet on the flowing tide,\nAnd mottles with shadows dun and dim\n  The mountain's rugged side.\n\nSteadily, hasteless, o'er valley and hill.\n  O'er the moor, along the beach,\nWe ride, nor slacken our pace until\n  Some city of men we reach;\nThere, in the market, my horse stands still,\n  And I lift my voice and preach.\n\nWealth and poverty, age and youth\n  Around me gather and throng;\nI tell them of justice, of wisdom, of truth,\n  Of mercy, and law, and wrong;\nMy words are moulded by right and ruth\n  To a solemn-chanted song.\n\nThey bring me questions which would be scanned,\n  That strife may be forgot;\nSwerves my balance to neither hand,\n  The poor I favour no jot;\nIf a man withstand, out sweeps my brand.\n  I slay him upon the spot.\n\nBut what if my eye have in it a beam\n  And therefore spy his mote?\nRighteousness only, wisdom supreme\n  Can tell the sheep from the goat!\nNot thus I dream a wise man's dream,\n  Not thus take Wrong by the throat!\n\nLead Twilight home. I dare not kill;\n  The sword myself would scare.--\nWhen the sun looks over the eastern hill,\n  Bring out my snow-white mare:\nOne labour is left which no one will\n  Deny me the right to share!\n\nTake heed, my men, from crest to heel\n  Snow-white have no speck;\nNo curb, no bit her mouth must feel,\n  No tightening rein her neck;\nNo saddle-girth drawn with buckle of steel\n  Shall her mighty breathing check!\n\nLay on her a cloth of silver sheen,\n  Bring me a robe of white;\nWherever we go we must be seen\n  By the shining of our light--\nA glistening splendour in forest green,\n  A star on the mountain-height.\n\nWith jar and shudder the gates unclose;\n  Out in the sun she leaps!\nA unit of light and power she goes\n  Levelling vales and steeps:\nThe wind around her eddies and blows,\n  Before and behind her sleeps.\n\nOh joy, oh joy to ride the world\n  And glad, good tidings bear!\nA flag of peace on the winds unfurled\n  Is the mane of my shining mare:\nTo the sound of her hoofs, lo, the dead stars hurled\n  Quivering adown the air!\n\nOh, the sun and the wind! Oh, the life and the love!\n  Where the serpent swung all day\nThe loud dove coos to the silent dove;\n  Where the web-winged dragon lay\nIn its hole beneath, on the rock above\n  Merry-tongued children play.\n\nWith eyes of light the maidens look up\n  As they sit in the summer heat\nTwining green blade with golden cup--\n  They see, and they rise to their feet;\nI call aloud, for I must not stop,\n  \"Good tidings, my sisters sweet!\"\n\nFor mine is a message of holy mirth\n  To city and land of corn;\nOf praise for heaviness, plenty for dearth,\n  For darkness a shining morn:\nClap hands, ye billows; be glad, O earth,\n  For a child, a child is born!\n\nLo, even the just shall live by faith!\n  None argue of mine and thine!\nOld Self shall die an ecstatic death\n  And be born a thing divine,\nFor God's own being and God's own breath\n  Shall be its bread and wine.\n\nAmbition shall vanish, and Love be king,\n  And Pride to his darkness hie;\nYea, for very love of a living thing\n  A man would forget and die,\nIf very love were not the spring\n  Whence life springs endlessly!\n\nThe myrtle shall grow where grew the thorn;\n  Earth shall be young as heaven;\nThe heart with remorse or anger torn\n  Shall weep like a summer even;\nFor to us a child, a child is born,\n  Unto us a son is given!\n\nLord, with thy message I dare not ride!\n  I am a fool, a beast!\nThe little ones only from thy side\n  Go forth to publish thy feast!\nAnd I, where but sons and daughters abide,\n  Would have walked about, a priest!\n\nTake Snow-white back to her glimmering stall;\n  There let her stand and feed!--\nI am overweening, ambitious, small,\n  A creature of pride and greed!\nLet me wash the hoofs, let me be the thrall,\n  Jesus, of thy white steed!\n\n\n\n_THE GOLDEN KEY._\n\nFrom off the earth the vapours curled,\n  Went up to meet their joy;\nThe boy awoke, and all the world\n  Was waiting for the boy!\n\nThe sky, the water, the wide earth\n  Was full of windy play--\nShining and fair, alive with mirth,\n  All for his holiday!\n\nThe hill said \"Climb me;\" and the wood\n  \"Come to my bosom, child;\nMine is a merry gamboling brood,\n  Come, and with them go wild.\"\n\nThe shadows with the sunlight played,\n  The birds were singing loud;\nThe hill stood up with pines arrayed--\n  He ran to join the crowd.\n\nBut long ere noon, dark grew the skies,\n  Pale grew the shrinking sun:\n\"How soon,\" he said, \"for clouds to rise\n  When day was but begun!\"\n\nThe wind grew rough; a wilful power\n  It swept o'er tree and town;\nThe boy exulted for an hour,\n  Then weary sat him down.\n\nAnd as he sat the rain began,\n  And rained till all was still:\nHe looked, and saw a rainbow span\n  The vale from hill to hill.\n\nHe dried his tears. \"Ah, now,\" he said,\n  \"The storm was good, I see!\nYon pine-dressed hill, upon its head\n  I'll find the golden key!\"\n\nHe thrid the copse, he climbed the fence,\n  At last the top did scale;\nBut, lo, the rainbow, vanished thence,\n  Was shining in the vale!\n\n\"Still, here it stood! yes, here,\" he said,\n  \"Its very foot was set!\nI saw this fir-tree through the red,\n  This through the violet!\"\n\nHe searched and searched, while down the skies\n  Went slow the slanting sun.\nAt length he lifted hopeless eyes,\n  And day was nearly done!\n\nBeyond the vale, above the heath,\n  High flamed the crimson west;\nHis mother's cottage lay beneath\n  The sky-bird's rosy breast.\n\n\"Oh, joy,\" he cried, \"not _all_ the way\n  Farther from home we go!\nThe rain will come another day\n  And bring another bow!\"\n\nLong ere he reached his mother's cot,\n  Still tiring more and more,\nThe red was all one cold gray blot,\n  And night lay round the door.\n\nBut when his mother stroked his head\n  The night was grim in vain;\nAnd when she kissed him in his bed\n  The rainbow rose again.\n\nSoon, things that are and things that seem\n  Did mingle merrily;\nHe dreamed, nor was it all a dream,\n  His mother had the key.\n\n\n\n_SOMNIUM MYSTICI_\n\nA Microcosm In Terza Rima.\n\nI.\n\nQuiet I lay at last, and knew no more\n  Whether I breathed or not, so worn I lay\n  With the death-struggle. What was yet before\nNeither I met, nor turned from it away;\n  My only conscious being was the rest\n  Of pain gone dead--dead with the bygone day,\nAnd long I could have lingered all but blest\n  In that half-slumber. But there came a sound\n  As of a door that opened--in the west\nSomewhere I thought it. As the hare the hound,\n  The noise did start my eyelids and they rose.\n  I turned my eyes and looked. Then straight I found\nIt was my chamber-door that did unclose,\n  For a tall form up to my bedside drew.\n  Grand was it, silent, its very walk repose;\nAnd when I saw the countenance, I knew\n  That I was lying in my chamber dead;\n  For this my brother--brothers such are few--\nThat now to greet me bowed his kingly head,\n  Had, many years agone, like holy dove\n  Returning, from his friends and kindred sped,\nAnd, leaving memories of mournful love,\n  Passed vanishing behind the unseen veil;\n  And though I loved him, all high words above.\nNot for his loss then did I weep or wail,\n  Knowing that here we live but in a tent,\n  And, seeking home, shall find it without fail.\nFeeble but eager, toward him my hands went--\n  I too was dead, so might the dead embrace!\n  Taking me by the shoulders down he bent,\nAnd lifted me. I was in sickly case,\n  But, growing stronger, stood up on the floor,\n  There turned, and once regarded my dead face\nWith curious eyes: its brow contentment wore,\n  But I had done with it, and turned away.\n  I saw my brother by the open door,\nAnd followed him out into the night blue-gray.\n  The houses stood up hard in limpid air,\n  The moon hung in the heavens in half decay,\nAnd all the world to my bare feet lay bare.\n\nII.\n\nNow I had suffered in my life, as they\n  Must suffer, and by slow years younger grow,\n  From whom the false fool-self must drop away,\nCompact of greed and fear, which, gathered slow,\n  Darkens the angel-self that, evermore,\n  Where no vain phantom in or out shall go,\nMoveless beholds the Father--stands before\n  The throne of revelation, waiting there,\n  With wings low-drooping on the sapphire-floor,\nUntil it find the Father's ideal fair,\n  And be itself at last: not one small thorn\n  Shall needless any pilgrim's garments tear;\nAnd but to say I had suffered I would scorn\n  Save for the marvellous thing that next befell:\n  Sudden I grew aware I was new-born;\nAll pain had vanished in the absorbent swell\n  Of some exalting peace that was my own;\n  As the moon dwelt in heaven did calmness dwell\nAt home in me, essential. The earth's moan\n  Lay all behind. Had I then lost my part\n  In human griefs, dear part with them that groan?\n\"'Tis weariness!\" I said; but with a start\n  That set it trembling and yet brake it not,\n  I found the peace was love. Oh, my rich heart!\nFor, every time I spied a glimmering spot\n  Of window pane, \"There, in that silent room,\"\n  Thought I, \"mayhap sleeps human heart whose lot\nIs therefore dear to mine!\" I cared for whom\n  I saw not, had not seen, and might not see!\n  After the love crept prone its shadow-gloom,\nBut instant a mightier love arose in me,\n  As in an ocean a single wave will swell,\n  And heaved the shadow to the centre: we\nHad called it prayer, before on sleep I fell.\n  It sank, and left my sea in holy calm:\n  I gave each man to God, and all was well.\nAnd in my heart stirred soft a sleeping psalm.\n\nIII.\n\nNo gentlest murmur through the city crept;\n  Not one lone word my brother to me had spoken;\n  But when beyond the city-gate we stept\nI knew the hovering silence would be broken.\n  A low night wind came whispering: through and through\n  It did baptize me with the pledge and token\nOf that soft spirit-wind which blows and blew\n  And fans the human world since evermore.\n  The very grass, cool to my feet, I knew\nTo be love also, and with the love I bore\n  To hold far sympathy, silent and sweet,\n  As having known the secret from of yore\nIn the eternal heart where all things meet,\n  Feelings and thinkings, and where still they are bred.\n  Sudden he stood, and with arrested feet\nI also. Like a half-sunned orb, his head\n  Slow turned the bright side: lo, the brother-smile\n  That ancient human glory on me shed\nClothed in which Jesus came forth to wile\n  Unto his bosom every labouring soul,\n  And all dividing passions to beguile\nTo winsome death, and then on them to roll\n  The blessed stone of the holy sepulchre!\n  \"Thank God,\" he said, \"thou also now art whole\nAnd sound and well! For the keen pain, and stir\n  Uneasy, and sore grief that came to us all,\n  In that we knew not how the wine and myrrh\nCould ever from the vinegar and gall\n  Be parted, are deep sunk, yea drowned in God;\n  And yet the past not folded in a pall,\nBut breathed upon, like Aaron's withered rod,\n  By a sweet light that brings the blossoms through,\n  Showing in dreariest paths that men have trod\nAnother's foot-prints, spotted of crimson hue,\n  Still on before wherever theirs did wend;\n  Yea, through the desert leading, of thyme and rue,\nThe desert souls in which young lions rend\n  And roar--the passionate who, to be blest,\n  Ravin as bears, and do not gain their end,\nBecause that, save in God, there is no rest.\"\n\nIV.\n\nSomething my brother said to me like this,\n  But how unlike it also, think, I pray:\n  His eyes were music, and his smile a kiss;\nHimself the word, his speech was but a ray\n  In the clear nimbus that with verity\n  Of absolute utterance made a home-born day\nOf truth about him, lamping solemnly;\n  And when he paused, there came a swift repose,\n  Too high, too still to be called ecstasy--\nA purple silence, lanced through in the close\n  By such keen thought that, with a sudden smiling,\n  It grew sheen silver, hearted with burning rose.\nHe was a glory full of reconciling,\n  Of faithfulness, of love with no self-stain,\n  Of tenderness, and care, and brother-wiling\nBack to the bosom of a speechless gain.\n\nV.\n\nI cannot tell how long we joyous talked,\n  For from my sense old time had vanished quite,\n  Space dim-remaining--for onward still we walked.\nNo sun arose to blot the pale, still night--\n  Still as the night of some great spongy stone\n  That turns but once an age betwixt the light\nAnd the huge shadow from its own bulk thrown,\n  And long as that to me before whose face\n  Visions so many slid, and veils were blown\nAside from the vague vast of Isis' grace.\n  Innumerous thoughts yet throng that infinite hour,\n  And hopes which greater hopes unceasing chase,\nFor I was all responsive to his power.\n  I saw my friends weep, wept, and let them weep;\n  I saw the growth of each grief-nurtured flower;\nI saw the gardener watching--in their sleep\n  Wiping their tears with the napkin he had laid\n  Wrapped by itself when he climbed Hades' steep;\nWhat wonder then I saw nor was dismayed!\n  I saw the dull, degraded monsters nursed\n  In money-marshes, greedy men that preyed\nUpon the helpless, ground the feeblest worst;\n  Yea all the human chaos, wild and waste,\n  Where he who will not leave what God hath cursed\nNow fruitless wallows, now is stung and chased\n  By visions lovely and by longings dire.\n  \"But who believeth, he shall not make haste,\nEven passing through the water and the fire,\n  Or sad with memories of a better lot!\n  He, saved by hope, for all men will desire,\nKnowing that God into a mustard-jot\n  May shut an aeon; give a world that lay\n  Wombed in its sun, a molten unorbed clot,\nOne moment from the red rim to spin away\n  Librating--ages to roll on weary wheel\n  Ere it turn homeward, almost spent its day!\nWho knows love all, time nothing, he shall feel\n  No anxious heart, shall lift no trembling hand;\n  Tender as air, but clothed in triple steel,\nHe for his kind, in every age and land,\n  Hoping will live; and, to his labour bent,\n  The Father's will shall, doing, understand.\"\nSo spake my brother as we onward went:\n  His words my heart received, as corn the lea,\n  And answered with a harvest of content.\nWe came at last upon a lonesome sea.\n\nVI.\n\nAnd onward still he went, I following\n  Out on the water. But the water, lo,\n  Like a thin sheet of glass, lay vanishing!\nThe starry host in glorious twofold show\n  Looked up, looked down. The moment I saw this,\n  A quivering fear thorough my heart did go:\nUnstayed I walked across a twin abyss,\n  A hollow sphere of blue; nor floor was found\n  Of questing eye, only the foot met the kiss\nOf the cool water lightly crisping round\n  The edges of the footsteps! Terror froze\n  My fallen eyelids. But again the sound\nOf my guide's voice on the still air arose:\n  \"Hast thou forgotten that we walk by faith?\n  For keenest sight but multiplies the shows.\nLift up thine eyelids; take a valiant breath;\n  Terrified, dare the terror in God's name;\n  Step wider; trust the invisible. Can Death\nAvail no more to hearten up thy flame?\"\n  I trembled, but I opened wide mine eyes,\n  And strode on the invisible sea. The same\nHigh moment vanished all my cowardice,\n  And God was with me. The well-pleased stars\n  Threw quivering smiles across the gulfy skies,\nThe white aurora flashed great scimitars\n  From north to zenith; and again my guide\n  Full turned on me his face. No prison-bars\nLatticed across a soul I there descried,\n  No weather-stains of grief; quiet age-long\n  Brooded upon his forehead clear and wide;\nYet from that face a pang shot, vivid and strong,\n  Into my heart. For, though I saw him stand\n  Close to me in the void as one in a throng,\nYet on the border of some nameless land\n  He stood afar; a still-eyed mystery\n  Caught him whole worlds away. Though in my hand\nHis hand I held, and, gazing earnestly,\n  Searched in his countenance, as in a mine,\n  For jewels of contentment, satisfy\nMy heart I could not. Seeming to divine\n  My hidden trouble, gently he stooped and kissed\n  My forehead, and his arms did round me twine,\nAnd held me to his bosom. Still I missed\n  That ancient earthly nearness, when we shared\n  One bed, like birds that of no morrow wist;\nRoamed our one father's farm; or, later, fared\n  Along the dusty highways of the old clime.\n  Backward he drew, and, as if he had bared\nMy soul, stood reading there a little time,\n  While in his eyes tears gathered slow, like dew\n  That dims the grass at evening or at prime,\nBut makes the stars clear-goldener in the blue:\n  And on his lips a faint ethereal smile\n  Hovered, as hangs the mist of its own hue\nTrembling about a purple flower, the while\n  Evening grows brown. \"Brother! brother!\" I cried;\n  But straight outbursting tears my words beguile,\nAnd in my bosom all the utterance died.\n\nVII.\n\nA moment more he stood, then softly sighed.\n  \"I know thy pain; but this sorrow is far\n  Beyond my help,\" his voice at length replied\nTo my beseeching tears. \"Look at yon star\n  Up from the low east half-way, all ablaze:\n  Think'st thou, because no cloud between doth mar\nThe liquid glory that from its visage rays,\n  Thou therefore knowest that same world on high,\n  Its people and its orders and its ways?\"\n\"What meanest thou?\" I said.  \"Thou know'st that\n  Would hold, not thy dear form, but the self-thee!\n  Thou art not near me! For thyself I cry!\"\n\"Not the less near that nearer I shall be.\n  I have a world within thou dost not know--\n  Would I could make thee know it! but all of me\nIs thine, though thou not yet canst enter so\n  Into possession that betwixt us twain\n  The frolic homeliness of love should flow\nAs o'er the brim of childhood's cup again:\n  Away the deeper childhood first must wipe\n  That clouded consciousness which was our pain.\nWhen in thy breast the godlike hath grown ripe,\n  And thou, Christ's little one, art ten times more\n  A child than when we played with drum and pipe\nAbout our earthly father's happy door,\n  Then--\" He ceased not; his holy utterance still\n  Flowing went on, like spring from hidden store\nOf wasteless waters; but I wept my fill,\n  Nor heeded much the comfort of his speech.\n  At length he said: \"When first I clomb the hill--\nWith earthly words I heavenly things would reach--\n  Where dwelleth now the man we used to call\n  Father, whose voice, oh memory dear! did teach\nUs in our beds, when straight, as once a stall\n  Became a temple, holy grew the room,\n  Prone on the ground before him I did fall,\nSo grand he towered above me like a doom;\n  But now I look into the well-known face\n  Fearless, yea, basking blessed in the bloom\nOf his eternal youthfulness and grace.\"\n  \"But something separates us,\" yet I cried;\n  \"Let light at least begin the dark to chase,\nThe dark begin to waver and divide,\n  And clear the path of vision. In the old time,\n  When clouds one heart did from the other hide,\nA wind would blow between! If I would climb,\n  This foot must rise ere that can go up higher:\n  Some big A teach me of the eternal prime.\"\nHe answered me: \"Hearts that to love aspire\n  Must learn its mighty harmony ere they can\n  Give out one perfect note in its great quire;\nAnd thereto am I sent--oh, sent of one\n  Who makes the dumb for joy break out and sing:\n  He opens every door 'twixt man and man;\nHe to all inner chambers all will bring.\"\n\nVIII.\n\nIt was enough; Hope waked from dreary swound,\n  And Hope had ever been enough for me,\n  To kennel driving grim Tomorrow's hound;\nFrom chains of school and mode she set me free,\n  And urged my life to living.--On we went\n  Across the stars that underlay the sea,\nAnd came to a blown shore of sand and bent.\n  Beyond the sand a marshy moor we crossed\n  Silent--I, for I pondered what he meant,\nAnd he, that sacred speech might not be lost--\n  And came at length upon an evil place:\n  Trees lay about like a half-buried host,\nEach in its desolate pool; some fearful race\n  Of creatures was not far, for howls and cries\n  And gurgling hisses rose. With even pace\nWalking, \"Fear not,\" he said, \"for this way lies\n  Our journey.\" On we went; and soon the ground\n  Slow from the waste began a gentle rise;\nAnd tender grass in patches, then all round,\n  Came clouding up, with its fresh homely tinge\n  Of softest green cold-flushing every mound;\nAt length, of lowly shrubs a scattered fringe;\n  And last, a gloomy forest, almost blind,\n  For on its roof no sun-ray did impinge,\nSo that its very leaves did share the mind\n  Of a brown shadowless day. Not, all the year,\n  Once part its branches to let through a wind,\nBut all day long the unmoving trees appear\n  To ponder on the past, as men may do\n  That for the future wait without a fear,\nAnd in the past the coming present view.\n\nIX.\n\nI know not if for days many or few\n  Pathless we thrid the wood; for never sun,\n  Its sylvan-traceried windows peeping through,\nMottled with brighter green the mosses dun,\n  Or meted with moving shadows Time the shade.\n  No life was there--not even a spider spun.\nAt length we came into a sky-roofed glade,\n  An open level, in a circle shut\n  By solemn trees that stood aside and made\nLarge room and lonely for a little hut\n  By grassy sweeps wide-margined from the wood.\n  'Twas built of saplings old, that had been cut\nWhen those great trees no larger by them stood;\n  Thick with an ancient moss, it seemed to have grown\n  Thus from the old brown earth, a covert rude,\nHalf-house, half-grave; half-lifted up, half-prone.\n  To its low door my brother led me. \"There\n  Is thy first school,\" he said; \"there be thou shown\nThy pictured alphabet. Wake a mind of prayer,\n  And praying enter.\" \"But wilt thou not come,\n  Brother?\" I said. \"No,\" said he. And I, \"Where\nThen shall I find thee?  Thou wilt not leave me dumb,\n  And a whole world of thoughts unuttered?\"\n  With half-sad smile and dewy eyes, and some\nConflicting motions of his kingly head,\n  He pointed to the open-standing door.\n  I entered: inward, lo, my shadow led!\nI turned: his countenance shone like lightning hoar!\n  Then slow he turned from me, and parted slow,\n  Like one unwilling, whom I should see no more;\nWith voice nor hand said, _Farewell, I must go!_\n  But drew the clinging door hard to the post.\n  No dry leaves rustled 'neath his going; no\nFootfalls came back from the departing ghost.\n  He was no more. I laid me down and wept;\n  I dared not follow him, restrained the most\nBy fear I should not see him if I leapt\n  Out after him with cries of pleading love.\n  Close to the wall, in hopeless loss, I crept;\nThere cool sleep came, God's shadow, from above.\n\nX.\n\nI woke, with calmness cleansed and sanctified--\n  The peace that filled my heart of old, when I\n  Woke in my mother's lap; for since I died\nThe past lay bare, even to the dreaming shy\n  That shadowed my yet gathering unborn brain.\n  And, marvelling, on the floor I saw, close by\nMy elbow-pillowed head, as if it had lain\n  Beside me all the time I dreamless lay,\n  A little pool of sunlight, which did stain\nThe earthen brown with gold; marvelling, I say,\n  Because, across the sea and through the wood,\n  No sun had shone upon me all the way.\nI rose, and through a chink the glade I viewed,\n  But all was dull as it had always been,\n  And sunless every tree-top round it stood,\nWith hardly light enough to show it green;\n  Yet through the broken roof, serenely glad,\n  By a rough hole entered that heavenly sheen.\nThen I remembered in old years I had\n  Seen such a light--where, with dropt eyelids gloomed,\n  Sitting on such a floor, dark women sad\nIn a low barn-like house where lay entombed\n  Their sires and children; only there the door\n  Was open to the sun, which entering plumed\nWith shadowy palms the stones that on the floor\n  Stood up like lidless chests--again to find\n  That the soul needs no brain, but keeps her store\nIn hidden chambers of the eternal mind.\n  Thence backward ran my roused Memory\n  Down the ever-opening vista--back to blind\nAnticipations while my soul did lie\n  Closed in my mother's; forward thence through bright\n  Spring morns of childhood, gay with hopes that fly\nBird-like across their doming blue and white,\n To passionate summer noons, to saddened eves\n  Of autumn rain, so on to wintred night;\nThence up once more to the dewy dawn that weaves\n  Saffron and gold--weaves hope with still content,\n  And wakes the worship that even wrong bereaves\nOf half its pain. And round her as she went\n  Hovered a sense as of an odour dear\n  Whose flower was far--as of a letter sent\nNot yet arrived--a footstep coming near,\n  But, oh, how long delayed the lifting latch!--\n  As of a waiting sun, ready to peer\nYet peering not--as of a breathless watch\n  Over a sleeping beauty--babbling rime\n  About her lips, but no winged word to catch!\nAnd here I lay, the child of changeful Time\n  Shut in the weary, changeless Evermore,\n  A dull, eternal, fadeless, fruitless clime!\nWas this the dungeon of my sinning sore--\n  A gentle hell of loneliness, foredoomed\n  For such as I, whose love was yet the core\nOf all my being? The brown shadow gloomed\n  Persistent, faded, warm. No ripple ran\n  Across the air, no roaming insect boomed.\n\"Alas,\" I cried, \"I am no living man!\n  Better were darkness and the leave to grope\n  Than light that builds its own drear prison! Can\nThis be the folding of the wings of Hope?\"\n\nXI.\n\nThat instant--through the branches overhead\n  No sound of going went--a shadow fell\n  Isled in the unrippled pool of sunlight fed\nFrom some far fountain hid in heavenly dell.\n  I looked, and in the low roofs broken place\n  A single snowdrop stood--a radiant bell\nOf silvery shine, softly subdued by grace\n  Of delicate green that made the white appear\n  Yet whiter. Blind it bowed its head a space,\nHalf-timid--then, as in despite of fear,\n  Unfolded its three rays. If it had swung\n  Its pendent bell, and music golden clear--\nDivision just entrancing sounds among--\n  Had flickered down as tender as flakes of snow,\n  It had not shed more influence as it rung\nThan from its look alone did rain and flow.\n  I knew the flower; perceived its human ways;\n  Dim saw the secret that had made it grow:\nMy heart supplied the music's golden phrase.\n  Light from the dark and snowdrops from the earth,\n  Life's resurrection out of gross decays,\nThe endless round of beauty's yearly birth,\n  And nations' rise and fall--were in the flower,\n  And read themselves in silence. Heavenly mirth\nAwoke in my sad heart. For one whole hour\n  I praised the God of snowdrops. But at height\n  The bliss gave way. Next, faith began to cower;\nAnd then the snowdrop vanished from my sight.\n\nXII.\n\nLast, I began in unbelief to say:\n  \"No angel this! a snowdrop--nothing more!\n  A trifle which God's hands drew forth in play\nFrom the tangled pond of chaos, dank and frore,\n  Threw on the bank, and left blindly to breed!\n  A wilful fancy would have gathered store\nOf evanescence from the pretty weed,\n  White, shapely--then divine! Conclusion lame\n  O'erdriven into the shelter of a creed!\nNot out of God, but nothingness it came:\n  Colourless, feeble, flying from life's heat,\n  It has no honour, hardly shunning shame!\"\nWhen, see, another shadow at my feet!\n  Hopeless I lifted now my weary head:\n  Why mock me with another heavenly cheat?--\nA primrose fair, from its rough-blanketed bed\n  Laughed, lo, my unbelief to heavenly scorn!\n  A sun-child, just awake, no prayer yet said,\nHalf rising from the couch where it was born,\n  And smiling to the world! I breathed again;\n  Out of the midnight once more dawned the morn,\nAnd fled the phantom Doubt with all his train.\n\nXIII.\n\nI was a child once more, nor pondered life,\n  Thought not of what or how much. All my soul\n  With sudden births of lovely things grew rife.\nIn peeps a daisy: on the instant roll\n  Rich lawny fields, with red tips crowding the green,\n  Across the hollows, over ridge and knoll,\nTo where the rosy sun goes down serene.\n  From out of heaven in looks a pimpernel:\n  I walk in morning scents of thyme and bean;\nDewdrops on every stalk and bud and bell\n  Flash, like a jewel-orchard, many roods;\n  Glow ruby suns, which emerald suns would quell;\nTopaz saint-glories, sapphire beatitudes\n  Blaze in the slanting sunshine all around;\n  Above, the high-priest-lark, o'er fields and woods--\nRich-hearted with his five eggs on the ground--\n  The sacrifice bore through the veil of light,\n  Odour and colour offering up in sound.--\nFilled heart-full thus with forms of lowly might\n  And shapeful silences of lovely lore,\n  I sat a child, happy with only sight,\nAnd for a time I needed nothing more.\n\nXIV.\n\nSupine to the revelation I did lie,\n  Passive as prophet to his dreaming deep,\n  Or harp Aeolian to the breathing sky,\nAnd blest as any child whom twilight sleep\n  Holds half, and half lets go. But the new day\n  Of higher need up-dawned with sudden leap:\n\"Ah, flowers,\" I said, \"ye are divinely gay,\n  But your fair music is too far and fine!\n  Ye are full cups, yet reach not to allay\nThe drought of those for human love who pine\n  As the hart for water-brooks!\" At once a face\n  Was looking in my face; its eyes through mine\nWere feeding me with tenderness and grace,\n  And by their love I knew my mother's eyes.\n  Gazing in them, there grew in me apace\nA longing grief, and love did swell and rise\n  Till weeping I brake out and did bemoan\n  My blameful share in bygone tears and cries:\n\"O mother, wilt thou plead for me?\" I groan;\n  \"I say not, plead with Christ, but plead with those\n  Who, gathered now in peace about his throne,\nWere near me when my heart was full of throes,\n  And longings vain alter a flying bliss,\n  Which oft the fountain by the threshold froze:\nThey must forgive me, mother! Tell them this:\n  No more shall swell the love-dividing sigh;\n  Down at their feet I lay my selfishness.\"\nThe face grew passionate at this my cry;\n  The gathering tears up to its eyebrims rose;\n  It grew a trembling mist, that did not fly\nBut slow dissolved. I wept as one of those\n  Who wake outside the garden of their dream,\n  And, lo, the droop-winged hours laborious close\nIts opal gates with stone and stake and beam.\n\nXV.\n\nBut glory went that glory more might come.\n  Behold a countless multitude--no less!\n  A host of faces, me besieging, dumb\nIn the lone castle of my mournfulness!\n  Had then my mother given the word I sent,\n  Gathering my dear ones from the shining press?\nAnd had these others their love-aidance lent\n  For full assurance of the pardon prayed?\n  Would they concentre love, with sweet intent,\nOn my self-love, to blast the evil shade?\n  Ah, perfect vision! pledge of endless hope!\n  Oh army of the holy spirit, arrayed\nIn comfort's panoply! For words I grope--\n  For clouds to catch your radiant dawn, my own,\n  And tell your coming! From the highest cope\nOf blue, down to my roof-breach came a cone\n  Of faces and their eyes on love's will borne,\n  Bright heads down-bending like the forward blown,\nHeavy with ripeness, golden ears of corn,\n  By gentle wind on crowded harvest-field,\n  All gazing toward my prison-hut forlorn\nAs if with power of eyes they would have healed\n  My troubled heart, making it like their own\n  In which the bitter fountain had been sealed,\nAnd the life-giving water flowed alone!\n\nXVI.\n\nWith what I thus beheld, glorified then,\n \"God, let me love my fill and pass!\" I sighed,\n  And dead, for love had almost died again.\n\"O fathers, brothers, I am yours!\" I cried;\n \"O mothers, sisters. I am nothing now\n  Save as I am yours, and in you sanctified!\nO men, O women, of the peaceful brow,\n  And infinite abysses in the eyes\n  Whence God's ineffable gazes on me, how\nCare ye for me, impassioned and unwise?\n  Oh ever draw my heart out after you!\n  Ever, O grandeur, thus before me rise\nAnd I need nothing, not even for love will sue!\n  I am no more, and love is all in all!\n  Henceforth there is, there can be nothing new--\nAll things are always new!\" Then, like the fall\n  Of a steep avalanche, my joy fell steep:\n  Up in my spirit rose as it were the call\nOf an old sorrow from an ancient deep;\n  For, with my eyes fixed on the eyes of him\n  Whom I had loved before I learned to creep--\nGod's vicar in his twilight nursery dim\n  To gather us to the higher father's knee--\n  I saw a something fill their azure rim\nThat caught him worlds and years away from me;\n  And like a javelin once more through me passed\n  The pang that pierced me walking on the sea:\n\"O saints,\" I cried, \"must loss be still the last?\"\n\nXVII.\n\nWhen I said this, the cloud of witnesses\n  Turned their heads sideways, and the cloud grew dim\n  I saw their faces half, but now their bliss\nGleamed low, like the old moon in the new moon's rim.\n  Then as I gazed, a better kind of light\n  On every outline 'gan to glimmer and swim,\nFaint as the young moon threadlike on the night,\n  Just born of sunbeams trembling on her edge:\n  'Twas a great cluster of profiles in sharp white.\nHad some far dawn begun to drive a wedge\n  Into the night, and cleave the clinging dark?\n  I saw no moon or star, token or pledge\nOf light, save that manifold silvery mark,\n  The shining title of each spirit-book.\n  Whence came that light? Sudden, as if a spark\nOf vital touch had found some hidden nook\n  Where germs of potent harmonies lay prest,\n  And their outbursting life old Aether shook,\nRose, as in prayer to lingering promised guest,\n  From that great cone of faces such a song,\n  Instinct with hope's harmonical unrest,\nThat with sore weeping, and the cry \"How long?\"\n  I bore my part because I could not sing.\n  And as they sang, the light more clear and strong\nBordered their faces, till the glory-sting\n  I could almost no more encounter and bear;\n  Light from their eyes, like water from a spring,\nFlowed; on their foreheads reigned their flashing hair;\n  I saw the light from eyes I could not see.\n  \"He comes! he comes!\" they sang, \"comes to our prayer!\"\n\"Oh my poor heart, if only it were _He!_\"\n  I cried. Thereat the faces moved! those eyes\n  Were turning on me! In rushed ecstasy,\nAnd woke me to the light of lower skies.\n\nXVIII.\n\n\"What matter,\" said I, \"whether clank of chain\n  Or over-bliss wakes up to bitterness!\"\n  Stung with its loss, I called the vision vain.\nYet feeling life grown larger, suffering less,\n  Sleep's ashes from my eyelids I did brush.\n  The room was veiled, that morning should not press\nUpon the slumber which had stayed the rush\n  Of ebbing life; I looked into the gloom:\n  Upon her brow the dawn's first grayest flush,\nAnd on her cheek pale hope's reviving bloom,\n  Sat, patient watcher, darkling and alone,\n  She who had lifted me from many a tomb!\nOne then was left me of Love's radiant cone!\n  Its light on her dear face, though faint and wan,\n  Was shining yet--a dawn upon it thrown\nFrom the far coming of the Son of Man!\n\nXIX.\n\nIn every forehead now I see a sky\n  Catching the dawn; I hear the wintriest breeze\n  About me blow the news the Lord is nigh.\nLong is the night, dark are the polar seas,\n  Yet slanting suns ascend the northern hill.\n  Round Spring's own steps the oozy waters freeze\nBut hold them not. Dreamers are sleeping still,\n  But labourers, light-stung, from their slumber start:\n  Faith sees the ripening ears with harvest fill\nWhen but green blades the clinging earth-clods part.\n\nXX.\n\nLord, I have spoken a poor parable,\n  In which I would have said thy name alone\n  Is the one secret lying in Truth's well,\nThy voice the hidden charm in every tone,\n  Thy face the heart of every flower on earth,\n  Its vision the one hope; for every moan\nThy love the cure! O sharer of the birth\n  Of little children seated on thy knee!\n  O human God! I laugh with sacred mirth\nTo think how all the laden shall go free;\n  For, though the vision tarry, in healing ruth\n  One morn the eyes that shone in Galilee\nWill dawn upon them, full of grace and truth,\n  And thy own love--the vivifying core\n  Of every love in heart of age or youth,\nOf every hope that sank 'neath burden sore!\n\n\n\n_THE SANGREAL_:\n\n    A Part Of The Story Omitted In The Old Romances.\n\nI.\n\n    _How sir Galahad despaired of finding the Grail._\n\nThrough the wood the sunny day\n  Glimmered sweetly glad;\nThrough the wood his weary way\n  Rode sir Galahad.\n\nAll about stood open porch,\n  Long-drawn cloister dim;\n'Twas a wavering wandering church\n  Every side of him.\n\nOn through columns arching high,\n  Foliage-vaulted, he\nRode in thirst that made him sigh,\n  Longing miserably.\n\nCame the moon, and through the trees\n  Glimmered faintly sad;\nWithered, worn, and ill at ease\n  Down lay Galahad;\n\nClosed his eyes and took no heed\n  What might come or pass;\nHeard his hunger-busy steed\n  Cropping dewy grass.\n\nCool and juicy was the blade,\n  Good to him as wine:\nFor his labour he was paid,\n  Galahad must pine!\n\nLate had he at Arthur's board,\n  Arthur strong and wise,\nPledged the cup with friendly lord,\n  Looked in ladies' eyes;\n\nNow, alas! he wandered wide,\n  Resting never more,\nOver lake and mountain-side,\n  Over sea and shore!\n\nSwift in vision rose and fled\n  All he might have had;\nWeary tossed his restless head,\n  And his heart grew sad.\n\nWith the lowliest in the land\n  He a maiden fair\nMight have led with virgin hand\n  From the altar-stair:\n\nYouth away with strength would glide,\n  Age bring frost and woe;\nThrough the world so dreary wide\n  Mateless he must go!\n\nLost was life and all its good,\n  Gone without avail!\nAll his labour never would\n  Find the Holy Grail!\n\nII.\n\n    _How sir Galahad found and lost the Grail._\n\nGalahad was in the night,\n  And the wood was drear;\nBut to men in darksome plight\n  Radiant things appear:\n\nWings he heard not floating by,\n  Heard no heavenly hail;\nBut he started with a cry,\n  For he saw the Grail.\n\nHid from bright beholding sun,\n  Hid from moonlight wan,\nLo, from age-long darkness won,\n  It was seen of man!\n\nThree feet off, on cushioned moss,\n  As if cast away,\nHomely wood with carven cross,\n  Rough and rude it lay!\n\nTo his knees the knight rose up,\n  Loosed his gauntlet-band;\nFearing, daring, toward the cup\n  Went his naked hand;\n\nWhen, as if it fled from harm,\n  Sank the holy thing,\nAnd his eager following arm\n  Plunged into a spring.\n\nOh the thirst, the water sweet!\n  Down he lay and quaffed,\nQuaffed and rose up on his feet,\n  Rose and gayly laughed;\n\nFell upon his knees to thank,\n  Loved and lauded there;\nStretched him on the mossy bank,\n  Fell asleep in prayer;\n\nDreamed, and dreaming murmured low\n  Ave, pater, creed;\nWhen the fir-tops gan to glow\n  Waked and called his steed;\n\nBitted him and drew his girth,\n  Watered from his helm:\nHappier knight or better worth\n  Was not in the realm!\n\nBelted on him then his sword,\n  Braced his slackened mail;\nDoubting said: \"I dreamed the Lord\n  Offered me the Grail.\"\n\nIII.\n\n    _How sir Galahad gave up the Quest for the Grail._\n\nEre the sun had cast his light\n  On the water's face,\nFirm in saddle rode the knight\n  From the holy place,\n\nMerry songs began to sing,\n  Let his matins bide;\nRode a good hour pondering,\n  And was turned aside,\n\nSaying, \"I will henceforth then\n  Yield this hopeless quest;\nTis a dream of holy men\n  This ideal Best!\"\n\n\"Every good for miracle\n  Heart devout may hold;\nGrail indeed was that fair well\n  Full of water cold!\n\n\"Not my thirst alone it stilled\n  But my soul it stayed;\nAnd my heart, with gladness filled,\n  Wept and laughed and prayed!\n\n\"Spectral church with cryptic niche\n  I will seek no more;\nThat the holiest Grail is, which\n  Helps the need most sore!\"\n\nAnd he spake with speech more true\n  Than his thought indeed,\nFor not yet the good knight knew\n  His own sorest need.\n\nIV.\n\n    _How sir Galahad sought yet again for the Grail._\n\nOn he rode, to succour bound,\n  But his faith grew dim;\nWells for thirst he many found,\n  Water none for him.\n\nNever more from drinking deep\n  Rose he up and laughed;\nNever more did prayerful sleep\n  Follow on the draught.\n\nGood the water which they bore,\n  Plenteously it flowed,\nQuenched his thirst, but, ah, no more\n  Eased his bosom's load!\n\nFor the _Best_ no more he sighed;\n  Rode as in a trance;\nLife grew poor, undignified,\n  And he spake of chance.\n\nThen he dreamed through Jesus' hand\n  That he drove a nail--\nWoke and cried, \"Through every land,\n  Lord, I seek thy Grail!\"\n\nV.\n\n    _That sir Galahad found the Grail._\n\nUp the quest again he took,\n  Rode through wood and wave;\nSought in many a mossy nook,\n  Many a hermit-cave;\n\nSought until the evening red\n  Sunk in shadow deep;\nSought until the moonlight fled;\n  Slept, and sought in sleep.\n\nWhere he wandered, seeking, sad,\n  Story doth not say,\nBut at length sir Galahad\n  Found it on a day;\n\nTook the Grail with holy hand,\n  Had the cup of joy;\nCarried it about the land,\n  Gleesome as a boy;\n\nLaid his sword where he had found\n  Boot for every bale,\nStuck his spear into the ground,\n  Kept alone the Grail.\n\nVI.\n\n    _How sir Galahad carried about the Grail._\n\nHorse and crested helmet gone,\n  Greaves and shield and mail,\nCaroling loud the knight walked on,\n  For he had the Grail;\n\nCaroling loud walked south and north,\n  East and west, for years;\nWhere he went, the smiles came forth,\n  Where he left, the tears.\n\nGlave nor dagger mourned he,\n  Axe nor iron flail:\nEvil might not brook to see\n  Once the Holy Grail.\n\nWilds he wandered with his staff,\n  Woods no longer sad;\nEarth and sky and sea did laugh\n  Round sir Galahad.\n\nBitter mere nor trodden pool\n  Did in service fail,\nWater all grew sweet and cool\n  In the Holy Grail.\n\nWithout where to lay his head,\n  Chanting loud he went;\nFound each cave a palace-bed,\n  Every rock a tent.\n\nAge that had begun to quail\n  In the gathering gloom,\nCounselled he to seek the Grail\n  And forget the tomb.\n\nYouth with hope or passion pale,\n  Youth with eager eyes,\nTaught he that the Holy Grail\n  Was the only prize.\n\nMaiden worn with hidden ail,\n  Restless and unsure,\nTaught he that the Holy Grail\n  Was the only cure.\n\nChildren rosy in the sun\n  Ran to hear his tale\nHow twelve little ones had won\n  Each of them the Grail.\n\nVII.\n\n    _How sir Galahad hid the Grail._\n\nVery still was earth and sky\n  When he passing lay;\nOft he said he should not die,\n  Would but go away.\n\nWhen he passed, they reverent sought,\n  Where his hand lay prest,\nFor the cup he bare, they thought,\n  Hidden in his breast.\n\nHope and haste and eager thrill\n  Turned to sorrowing wail:\nHid he held it deeper still,\n  Took with him the Grail.\n\n\n\n_THE FAILING TRACK_.\n\nWhere went the feet that hitherto have come?\n  Here yawns no gulf to quench the flowing past!\nWith lengthening pauses broke, the path grows dumb;\n  The grass floats in; the gazer stands aghast.\n\nTremble not, maiden, though the footprints die;\n  By no air-path ascend the lark's clear notes;\nThe mighty-throated when he mounts the sky\n  Over some lowly landmark sings and floats.\n\nBe of good cheer. Paths vanish from the wave;\n  There all the ships tear each its track of gray;\nUndaunted they the wandering desert brave:\n  In each a magic finger points the way.\n\nNo finger finely touched, no eye of lark\n  Hast thou to guide thy steps where footprints fail?\nAh, then, 'twere well to turn before the dark,\n  Nor dream to find thy dreams in yonder vale!\n\nThe backward way one hour is plain to thee,\n  Hard hap were hers who saw no trace behind!\nBack to confession at thy mother's knee,\n  Back to the question and the childlike mind!\n\nThen start afresh, but toward unending end,\n  The goal o'er which hangs thy own star all night;\nSo shalt thou need no footprints to befriend,\n  Child-heart and shining star will guide thee right.\n\n\n\n_TELL ME._\n\n\"Traveller, what lies over the hill?\n  Traveller, tell to me:\nTip-toe-high on the window-sill\n  Over I cannot see.\"\n\n\"My child, a valley green lies there,\n  Lovely with trees, and shy;\nAnd a tiny brook that says, 'Take care,\n  Or I'll drown you by and by!'\"\n\n\"And what comes next?\"--\"A little town,\n  And a towering hill again;\nMore hills and valleys up and down,\n  And a river now and then.\"\n\n\"And what comes next?\"--\"A lonely moor\n  Without one beaten way,\nAnd slow clouds drifting dull before\n  A wind that will not stay.\"\n\n\"And then?\"--\"Dark rocks and yellow sand,\n  Blue sea and a moaning tide.\"\n\"And then?\"--\"More sea, and then more land,\n  With rivers deep and wide.\"\n\n\"And then?\"--\"Oh, rock and mountain and vale,\n  Ocean and shores and men,\nOver and over, a weary tale,\n  And round to your home again!\"\n\n\"And is that all? From day to day,\n  Like one with a long chain bound,\nShould I walk and walk and not get away,\n  But go always round and round?\"\n\n\"No, no; I have not told you the best,\n  I have not told you the end:\nIf you want to escape, away in the west\n  You will see a stair ascend,\n\n\"Built of all colours of lovely stones,\n  A stair up into the sky\nWhere no one is weary, and no one moans,\n  Or wishes to be laid by.\"\n\n\"Is it far away?\"--\"I do not know:\n  You must fix your eyes thereon,\nAnd travel, travel through thunder and snow,\n  Till the weary way is gone.\n\n\"All day, though you never see it shine,\n  You must travel nor turn aside,\nAll night you must keep as straight a line\n  Through moonbeams or darkness wide.\"\n\n\"When I am older!\"--\"Nay, not so!\"\n  \"I have hardly opened my eyes!\"\n\"He who to the old sunset would go,\n  Starts best with the young sunrise.\"\n\n\"Is the stair right up? is it very steep?\"\n  \"Too steep for you to climb;\nYou must lie at the foot of the glorious heap\n  And patient wait your time.\"\n\n\"How long?\"--\"Nay, that I cannot tell.\"\n  \"In wind, and rain, and frost?\"\n\"It may be so; and it is well\n  That you should count the cost.\n\n\"Pilgrims from near and from distant lands\n  Will step on you lying there;\nBut a wayfaring man with wounded hands\n  Will carry you up the stair.\"\n\n\n\n_BROTHER ARTIST!_\n\nBrother artist, help me; come!\n  Artists are a maimed band:\n  I have words but not a hand;\nThou hast hands though thou art dumb.\n\nHad I thine, when words did fail--\n  Vassal-words their hasting chief,\n  On the white awaiting leaf\nShapes of power should tell the tale.\n\nHad I hers of music-might,\n  I would shake the air with storm\n  Till the red clouds trailed enorm\nBoreal dances through the night.\n\nHad I his whose foresight rare\n  Piles the stones with lordliest art,\n  From the quarry of my heart\nLove should climb a heavenly stair!\n\nHad I his whose wooing slow\n  Wins the marble's hidden child,\n  Out in passion undefiled\nStood my Psyche, white as snow!\n\nMaimed, a little help I pray;\n  Words suffice not for my end;\n  Let thy hand obey thy friend,\nSay for me what I would say.\n\nDraw me, on an arid plain\n  With hoar-headed mountains nigh,\n  Under a clear morning sky\nTelling of a night of rain,\n\nHuge and half-shaped, like a block\n  Chosen for sarcophagus\n  By a Pharaoh glorious,\nOne rude solitary rock.\n\nCleave it down along the ridge\n  With a fissure yawning deep\n  To the heart of the hard heap,\nLike the rent of riving wedge.\n\nThrough the cleft let hands appear,\n  Upward pointed with pressed palms\n  As if raised in silent psalms\nFor salvation come anear.\n\nTurn thee now--'tis almost done!--\n  To the near horizon's verge:\n  Make the smallest arc emerge\nOf the forehead of the sun.\n\nOne thing more--I ask too much!--\n  From a brow which hope makes brave\n  Sweep the shadow of the grave\nWith a single golden touch.\n\nThanks, dear painter; that is all.\n  If thy picture one day should\n  Need some words to make it good,\nI am ready to thy call.\n\n\n\n_AFTER AN OLD LEGEND._\n\nThe monk was praying in his cell,\n  With bowed head praying sore;\nHe had been praying on his knees\n  For two long hours and more.\n\nAs of themselves, all suddenly,\n  His eyelids opened wide;\nBefore him on the ground he saw\n  A man's feet close beside;\n\nAnd almost to the feet came down\n  A garment wove throughout;\nSuch garment he had never seen\n  In countries round about!\n\nHis eyes he lifted tremblingly\n  Until a hand they spied:\nA chisel-scar on it he saw,\n  And a deep, torn scar beside.\n\nHis eyes they leaped up to the face,\n  His heart gave one wild bound,\nThen stood as if its work were done--\n  The Master he had found!\n\nWith sudden clang the convent bell\n  Told him the poor did wait\nHis hand to give the daily bread\n  Doled at the convent-gate.\n\nThen Love rose in him passionate,\n  And with Duty wrestled strong;\nAnd the bell kept calling all the time\n  With merciless iron tongue.\n\nThe Master stood and looked at him\n  He rose up with a sigh:\n\"He will be gone when I come back\n  I go to him by and by!\"\n\nHe chid his heart, he fed the poor\n  All at the convent-gate;\nThen with slow-dragging feet went back\n  To his cell so desolate:\n\nHis heart bereaved by duty done,\n  He had sore need of prayer!\nOh, sad he lifted the latch!--and, lo,\n  The Master standing there!\n\nHe said, \"My poor had not to stand\n  Wearily at thy gate:\nFor him who feeds the shepherd's sheep\n  The shepherd will stand and wait.\"\n\n_Yet, Lord--for thou would'st have us judge,\n  And I will humbly dare--\nIf he had staid, I do not think\n  Thou wouldst have left him there.\n\nThy voice in far-off time I hear,\n  With sweet defending, say:\n\"The poor ye always have with you,\n  Me ye have not alway!\"\n\nThou wouldst have said: \"Go feed my poor,\n  The deed thou shalt not rue;\nWherever ye do my father's will\n  I always am with you.\"_\n\n\n\n_A MEDITATION OF ST. ELIGIUS_.\n\n_Queen Mary one day Jesus sent\n  To fetch some water, legends tell;\nThe little boy, obedient,\n  Drew a full pitcher from the well;\n\nBut as he raised it to his head,\n  The water lipping with the rim,\nThe handle broke, and all was shed\n  Upon the stones about the brim.\n\nHis cloak upon the ground he laid\n  And in it gathered up the pool; [Proverbs xxx. 4.]\nObedient there the water staid,\n  And home he bore it plentiful._\n\nEligius said, \"Tis fabled ill:\n  The hands that all the world control,\nHad here been room for miracle,\n  Had made his mother's pitcher whole!\n\n\"Still, some few drops for thirsty need\n  A poor invention even, when told\nIn love of thee the Truth indeed,\n  Like broken pitcher yet may hold:\n\n\"Thy truth, alas, Lord, once I spilt:\n  I thought to bear the pitcher high;\nUpon the shining stones of guilt\n  I slipped, and there the potsherds lie!\n\n_\"Master,_ I cried, _no man will drink,\n  No human thirst will e'er be stilled\nThrough me, who sit upon the brink,\n  My pitcher broke, thy water spilled!\n\n\"What will they do I waiting left?\n  They looked to me to bring thy law!\nThe well is deep, and, sin-bereft,\n  I nothing have wherewith to draw!\"_\n\n\"But as I sat in evil plight,\n  With dry parched heart and sickened brain,\nUprose in me the water bright,\n  Thou gavest me thyself again!\"\n\n\n\n_THE EARLY BIRD._\n\nA little bird sat on the edge of her nest;\n  Her yellow-beaks slept as sound as tops;\nDay-long she had worked almost without rest,\n  And had filled every one of their gibbous crops;\nHer own she had filled just over-full,\nAnd she felt like a dead bird stuffed with wool.\n\n\"Oh dear!\" she sighed, as she sat with her head\n  Sunk in her chest, and no neck at all,\nLooking like an apple on a feather-bed\n  Poked and rounded and fluffed to a ball,\n\"What's to be done if things don't reform?\nI cannot tell where there is one more worm!\n\n\"I've had fifteen to-day, and the children five each,\n  Besides a few flies, and some very fat spiders:\nWho will dare say I don't do as I preach?\n  I set an example to all providers!\nBut what's the use? We want a storm:\nI don't know where there's a single worm!\"\n\n\"There's five in my crop,\" chirped a wee, wee bird\n  Who woke at the voice of his mother's pain;\n\"I know where there's five!\" And with the word\n  He tucked in his head and went off again.\n\"The folly of childhood,\" sighed his mother,\n\"Has always been my especial bother!\"\n\nCareless the yellow-beaks slept on,\n  They never had heard of the bogy, Tomorrow;\nThe mother sat outside making her moan--\n  \"I shall soon have to beg, or steal, or borrow!\nI have always to say, the night before,\nWhere shall I find one red worm more!\"\n\nHer case was this, she had gobbled too many,\n  And sleepless, had an attack she called foresight:\nA barn of crumbs, if she knew but of any!\n  Could she but get of the great worm-store sight!\nThe eastern sky was growing red\nEre she laid her wise beak in its feather-bed.\n\nJust then, the fellow who knew of five,\n  Nor troubled his sleep with anxious tricks,\nWoke, and stirred, and felt alive:\n  \"To-day,\" he said, \"I am up to six!\nBut my mother feels in her lot the crook--\nWhat if I tried my own little hook!\"\n\nWhen his mother awoke, she winked her eyes\n  As if she had dreamed that she was a mole:\nCould she believe them? \"What a huge prize\n  That child is dragging out of its hole!\"\nThe fledgeling indeed had just caught his third!\n_And here is a fable to catch the bird!_\n\n\n\n_SIR LARK AND KING SUN._\n\n\"Good morrow, my lord!\" in the sky alone\nSang the lark as the sun ascended his throne.\n\"Shine on me, my lord: I only am come,\nOf all your servants, to welcome you home!\nI have shot straight up, a whole hour, I swear,\nTo catch the first gleam of your golden hair.\"\n\n\"Must I thank you then,\" said the king, \"sir Lark,\nFor flying so high and hating the dark?\nYou ask a full cup for half a thirst:\nHalf was love of me, half love to be first.\nSome of my subjects serve better my taste:\nTheir watching and waiting means more than your haste.\"\n\nKing Sun wrapt his head in a turban of cloud;\nSir Lark stopped singing, quite vexed and cowed;\nBut higher he flew, for he thought, \"Anon\nThe wrath of the king will be over and gone;\nAnd, scattering his head-gear manifold,\nHe will change my brown feathers to a glory of gold!\"\n\nHe flew, with the strength of a lark he flew,\nBut as he rose the cloud rose too;\nAnd not one gleam of the flashing hair\nBrought signal of favour across the air;\nAnd his wings felt withered and worn and old,\nFor their feathers had had no chrism of gold.\n\nOutwearied at length, and throbbing sore,\nThe strong sun-seeker could do no more;\nHe faltered and sank, then dropped like a stone\nBeside his nest, where, patient, alone,\nSat his little wife on her little eggs,\nKeeping them warm with wings and legs.\n\nDid I say alone? Ah, no such thing!\nThere was the cloudless, the ray-crowned king!\n\"Welcome, sir Lark!--You look tired!\" said he;\n\"_Up_ is not always the best way to me:\nWhile you have been racing my turban gray,\nI have been shining where you would not stay!\"\n\nHe had set a coronet round the nest;\nIts radiance foamed on the wife's little breast;\nAnd so glorious was she in russet gold\nThat sir Lark for wonder and awe grew cold;\nHe popped his head under her wing, and lay\nAs still as a stone till king Sun went away.\n\n\n\n_THE OWL AND THE BELL._\n\n_Bing, Bim, Bang, Bome!_\nSang the Bell to himself in his house at home,\nHigh in the church-tower, lone and unseen,\nIn a twilight of ivy, cool and green;\nWith his _Bing, Bing, Bim, Bing, Bang, Bome!_\nSinging bass to himself in his house at home.\n\nSaid the Owl, on a shadowy ledge below,\nLike a glimmering ball of forgotten snow,\n\"Pest on that fellow sitting up there,\nAlways calling the people to prayer!\nHe shatters my nerves with his _Bing, Bang, Bome!_---\nFar too big in his house at home!\n\n\"I think I will move.--But it suits me well,\nAnd one may get used to it, who can tell!\"\nSo he slept again with all his might,\nThen woke and snooved out in the hush of night\nWhen the Bell was asleep in his house at home,\nDreaming over his _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\n\nFor the Owl was born so poor and genteel\nWhat could he do but pick and steal?\nHe scorned to work for honest bread--\n\"Better have never been hatched!\" he said.\nSo his day was the night, for he dared not roam\nTill sleep had silenced the _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\n\nWhen five greedy Owlets chipped the egg\nHe wanted two beaks and another leg,\nAnd they ate the more that they did not sleep well:\n\"It's their gizzards,\" said Owless; said Owl, \"It's that Bell!\"\nFor they quivered like leaves of a wind-blown tome\nWhen the Bell bellowed out his _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\n\nBut the Bell began to throb with the fear\nOf bringing his house about his one ear;\nAnd his people came round it, quite a throng,\nTo buttress the walls and make them strong:\nA full month he sat, and felt like a mome\nNot daring to shout his _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\n\nSaid the Owl to himself, and hissed as he said,\n\"I trust in my heart the old fool is dead!\nNo more will he scare church-mice with his bounce,\nAnd make them so thin they're scarce worth a pounce!\nOnce I will see him ere he's laid in the loam,\nAnd shout in his ear _Bing, Bim, Bang, Bome!_\"\n\n\"Hoo! hoo!\" he cried, as he entered the steeple,\n\"They've hanged him at last, the righteous people!\nHis swollen tongue lolls out of his head!\nHoo! hoo! at last the old brute is dead!\nThere let him hang, the shapeless gnome,\nChoked with a throatful of _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\"\n\nHe fluttered about him, singing _Too-whoo!_\nHe flapped the poor Bell, and said, \"Is that you?\nYou that never would matters mince,\nBanging poor owls and making them wince?\nA fig for you now, in your great hall-dome!\n_Too-whit_ is better than _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\"\n\nStill braver he grew, the downy, the dapper;\nHe flew in and perched on the knob of the clapper,\nAnd shouted _Too-whoo!_ An echo awoke\nLike a far-off ghostly _Bing-Bang_ stroke:\n\"Just so!\" he cried; \"I am quite at home!\nI will take his place with my _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\"\n\nHe hissed with the scorn of his grand self-wonder,\nAnd thought the Bell's tremble his own great thunder:\nHe sat the Jove of creation's fowl.--\n_Bang!_ went the Bell--through the rope-hole the owl,\nA fluffy avalanche, light as foam,\nLoosed by the boom of the _Bing, Bang, Bome!_\n\nHe sat where he fell, as if he had meant it,\nReady for any remark anent it.\nSaid the eldest Owlet, \"Pa, you were wrong;\nHe's at it again with his vulgar song!\"\n\"Child,\" said the Owl, \"of the mark you are wide:\nI brought him to life by perching inside.\"\n\n\"Why did you, my dear?\" said his startled wife;\n\"He has always been the plague of your life!\"\n\"I have given him a lesson of good for evil:\nPerhaps the old ruffian will now be civil!\"\nThe Owl sat righteous, he raised his comb.\nThe Bell bawled on, _Bing, Bim, Bang, Bome!_\n\n\n\nA MAMMON-MARRIAGE.\n\nThe croak of a raven hoar!\n  A dog's howl, kennel-tied!\nLoud shuts the carriage-door:\n  The two are away on their ghastly ride\nTo Death's salt shore!\n\nWhere are the love and the grace?\n  The bridegroom is thirsty and cold!\nThe bride's skull sharpens her face!\n  But the coachman is driving, jubilant, bold,\nThe devil's pace.\n\nThe horses shivered and shook\n  Waiting gaunt and haggard\nWith sorry and evil look;\n  But swift as a drunken wind they staggered\n'Longst Lethe brook.\n\nLong since, they ran no more;\n  Heavily pulling they died\nOn the sand of the hopeless shore\n  Where never swelled or sank a tide,\nAnd the salt burns sore.\n\nFlat their skeletons lie,\n  White shadows on shining sand;\nThe crusted reins go high\n  To the crumbling coachman's bony hand\nOn his knees awry.\n\nSide by side, jarring no more,\n  Day and night side by side,\nEach by a doorless door,\n  Motionless sit the bridegroom and bride\nOn the Dead-Sea-shore.\n\n\n\n_A SONG IN THE NIGHT._\n\nA brown bird sang on a blossomy tree,\nSang in the moonshine, merrily,\nThree little songs, one, two, and three,\nA song for his wife, for himself, and me.\n\nHe sang for his wife, sang low, sang high,\nFilling the moonlight that filled the sky;\n\"Thee, thee, I love thee, heart alive!\nThee, thee, thee, and thy round eggs five!\"\n\nHe sang to himself, \"What shall I do\nWith this life that thrills me through and through!\nGlad is so glad that it turns to ache!\nOut with it, song, or my heart will break!\"\n\nHe sang to me, \"Man, do not fear\nThough the moon goes down and the dark is near;\nListen my song and rest thine eyes;\nLet the moon go down that the sun may rise!\"\n\nI folded me up in the heart of his tune,\nAnd fell asleep with the sinking moon;\nI woke with the day's first golden gleam,\nAnd, lo, I had dreamed a precious dream!\n\n\n\n_LOVE'S HISTORY_.\n\nLove, the baby,\n  Crept abroad to pluck a flower:\nOne said, Yes, sir; one said, Maybe;\n  One said, Wait the hour.\n\nLove, the boy,\n  Joined the youngsters at their play:\nBut they gave him little joy,\n  And he went away.\n\nLove, the youth,\n  Roamed the country, quiver-laden;\nFrom him fled away in sooth\n  Many a man and maiden!\n\nLove, the man,\n  Sought a service all about;\nBut they called him feeble, one\n  They could do without.\n\nLove, the aged,\n  Walking, bowed, the shadeless miles,\nRead a volume many-paged,\n  Full of tears and smiles.\n\nLove, the weary,\n  Tottered down the shelving road:\nAt its foot, lo, Night, the starry,\n  Meeting him from God!\n\n\"Love, the holy,\"\n  Sang a music in her dome,\nSang it softly, sang it slowly,\n  \"Love is coming home!\"\n\n\n\nTHE LARK AND THE WIND.\n\nIn the air why such a ringing?\n  On the earth why such a droning?\n\nIn the air the lark is singing;\n  On the earth the wind is moaning.\n\n\"I am blest, in sunlight swinging!\"\n  \"Sad am I: the world lies groaning!\"\n\nIn the sky the lark kept singing;\n  On the earth the wind kept moaning.\n\n\n\nA DEAD HOUSE.\n\nWhen the clock hath ceased to tick\n  Soul-like in the gloomy hall;\nWhen the latch no more doth click\n  Tongue-like in the red peach-wall;\nWhen no more come sounds of play,\n  Mice nor children romping roam,\nThen looks down the eye of day\n  On a dead house, not a home!\n\nBut when, like an old sun's ghost,\n  Haunts her vault the spectral moon;\nWhen earth's margins all are lost,\n  Melting shapes nigh merged in swoon,\nThen a sound--hark! there again!--\n  No, 'tis not a nibbling mouse!\n'Tis a ghost, unseen of men,\n  Walking through the bare-floored house!\n\nAnd with lightning on the stair\n  To that silent upper room,\nWith the thunder-shaken air\n  Sudden gleaming into gloom,\nWith a frost-wind whistling round,\n  From the raging northern coasts,\nThen, mid sieging light and sound,\n  All the house is live with ghosts!\n\nBrother, is thy soul a cell\n  Empty save of glittering motes,\nWhere no live loves live and dwell,\n  Only notions, things, and thoughts?\nThen thou wilt, when comes a Breath\n  Tempest-shaking ridge and post,\nFind thyself alone with Death\n  In a house where walks no ghost.\n\n\n\n'BELL UPON ORGAN.\n\n  It's all very well,\nSaid the Bell,\nTo be the big Organ below!\nBut the folk come and go,\nSaid the Bell,\nAnd you never can tell\nWhat sort of person the Organ will blow!\nAnd, besides, it is much at the mercy of the weather\nFor 'tis all made in pieces and glued together!\n\n  But up in my cell\nNext door to the sky,\nSaid the Bell,\nI dwell\nVery high;\nAnd with glorious go\nI swing to and fro;\nI swing swift or slow,\nI swing as I please,\nWith summons or knell;\nI swing at my ease,\nSaid the Bell:\nNot the tallest of men\nCan reach up to touch me,\nTo smirch me or smutch me,\nOr make me do what\nI would not be at!\nAnd, then,\nThe weather can't cause me to shrink or increase:\nI chose to be made in one perfect piece!\n\n\n\nMASTER AND BOY.\n\n\"WHO is this little one lying,\"\n  Said Time, \"at my garden-gate,\nMoaning and sobbing and crying,\n  Out in the cold so late?\"\n\n\"They lurked until we came near,\n  Master and I,\" the child said,\n\"Then caught me, with 'Welcome, New-year!\n  Happy Year! Golden-head!'\n\n\"See Christmas-day, my Master,\n  On the meadow a mile away!\nFather Time, make me run faster!\n  I'm the Shadow of Christmas-day!\"\n\n\"Run, my child; still he's in sight!\n  Only look well to his track;\nLittle Shadow, run like the light,\n  He misses you at his back!\"\n\nOld Time sat down in the sun\n  On a grave-stone--his legs were numb:\n\"When the boy to his master has run,\"\n  He said, \"Heaven's New Year is come!\"\n\n\n\n_THE CLOCK OF THE UNIVERSE_.\n\n  A clock aeonian, steady and tall,\nWith its back to creation's flaming wall,\nStands at the foot of a dim, wide stair.\nSwing, swang, its pendulum goes,\nSwing--swang--here--there!\nIts tick and its tack like the sledge-hammer blows\nOf Tubal Cain, the mighty man!\nBut they strike on the anvil of never an ear,\nOn the heart of man and woman they fall,\nWith an echo of blessing, an echo of ban;\nFor each tick is a hope, each tack is a fear,\nEach tick is a _Where_, each tack a _Not here_,\nEach tick is a kiss, each tack is a blow,\nEach tick says _Why_, each tack _I don't know_.\nSwing, swang, the pendulum!\nTick and tack, and _go_ and _come_,\nWith a haunting, far-off, dreamy hum,\nWith a tick, tack, loud and dumb,\nSwings the pendulum.\n\n  Two hands, together joined in prayer,\nWith a roll and a volley of spheric thunder;\nTwo hands, in hope spread half asunder,\nAn empty gulf of longing embrace;\nTwo hands, wide apart as they can fare\nIn a fear still coasting not touching Despair,\nBut turning again, ever round to prayer:\nTwo hands, human hands, pass with awful motion\nFrom isle to isle of the sapphire ocean.\n\n  The silent, surfaceless ocean-face\nIs filled with a brooding, hearkening grace;\nThe stars dream in, and sink fainting out,\nAnd the sun and the moon go walking about,\nWalking about in it, solemn and slow,\nSolemn and slow, at a thinking pace,\nWalking about in it to and fro,\nWalking, walking about.\n\n  With open beak and half-open wing\nEver with eagerness quivering,\nOn the peak of the clock\nStands a cock:\nTip-toe stands the cock to crow--\nGolden cock with silver call\nClear as trumpet tearing the sky!\nNo one yet has heard him cry,\nNor ever will till the hour supreme\nWhen Self on itself shall turn with a scream,\nWhat time the hands are joined on high\nIn a hoping, despairing, speechless sigh,\nThe perfect groan-prayer of the universe\nWhen the darkness clings and will not disperse\nThough the time is come, told ages ago,\nFor the great white rose of the world to blow:\n--Tick, tack, to the waiting cock,\nTick, tack, goes the aeon-clock!\n\n  A polar bear, golden and gray,\nCrawls and crawls around the top.\nBlack and black as an Ethiop\nThe great sea-serpent lies coiled beneath,\nLiving, living, but does not breathe.\nFor the crawling bear is so far away\nThat he cannot hear, by night or day,\nThe bourdon big of his deep bear-bass\nRoaring atop of the silent face,\nElse would he move, and none knows then\nWhat would befall the sons of men!\n\n  Eat up old Time, O raging Bear;\nTake Bald-head, and the children spare!\nLie still, O Serpent, nor let one breath\nStir thy pool and stay Time's death!\nSteady, Hands! for the noon is nigh:\nSee the silvery ghost of the Dawning shy\nLow on the floor of the level sky!\nWarn for the strike, O blessed Clock;\nGather thy clarion breath, gold Cock;\nPush on the month-figures, pale, weary-faced Moon;\nTick, awful Pendulum, tick amain;\nAnd soon, oh, soon,\nLord of life, and Father of boon,\nGive us our own in our arms again!\n\n  Then the great old clock to pieces will fall\nSans groaning of axle or whirring of wheel.\nAnd away like a mist of the morning steal,\nTo stand no more in creation's hall;\nIts mighty weights will fall down plumb\nInto the regions where all is dumb;\nNo more will its hands, in horror or prayer,\nBe lifted or spread at the foot of the stair\nThat springs aloft to the Father's room;\nIts tick and its tack, _When?--Not now_,\nWill cease, and its muffled groan below;\nIts sapphire face will dissolve away\nIn the dawn of the perfect, love-potent day;\nThe serpent and bear will be seen no more,\nGrowling atop, or prone on the floor;\nAnd up the stair will run as they please\nThe children to clasp the Father's knees.\n\nO God, our father, Allhearts' All,\nOpen the doors of thy clockless hall!\n\n\n\n_THE THORN IN THE FLESH._\n\nWithin my heart a worm had long been hid.\nI knew it not when I went down and chid\nBecause some servants of my inner house\nHad not, I found, of late been doing well,\nBut then I spied the horror hideous\nDwelling defiant in the inmost cell--\nNo, not the inmost, for there God did dwell!\nBut the small monster, softly burrowing,\nNear by God's chamber had made itself a den,\nAnd lay in it and grew, the noisome thing!\nAghast I prayed--'twas time I did pray then!\nBut as I prayed it seemed the loathsome shape\nGrew livelier, and did so gnaw and scrape\nThat I grew faint. Whereon to me he said--\nSome one, that is, who held my swimming head,\n\"Lo, I am with thee: let him do his worst;\nThe creature is, but not his work, accurst;\nThou hating him, he is as a thing dead.\"\nThen I lay still, nor thought, only endured.\nAt last I said, \"Lo, now I am inured\nA burgess of Pain's town!\" The pain grew worse.\nThen I cried out as if my heart would break.\nBut he, whom, in the fretting, sickening ache,\nI had forgotten, spoke: \"The law of the universe\nIs this,\" he said: \"Weakness shall be the nurse\nOf strength. The help I had will serve thee too.\"\nSo I took courage and did bear anew.\nAt last, through bones and flesh and shrinking skin,\nLo, the thing ate his way, and light came in,\nAnd the thing died. I knew then what it meant,\nAnd, turning, saw the Lord on whom I leant.\n\n\n\n_LYCABAS:_\n\nA name of the Year. Some say the word means _a march of wolves_,\nwhich wolves, running in single file, are the Months of the Year.\nOthers say the word means _the path of the light_.\n\n  O ye months of the year,\nAre ye a march of wolves?\nLycabas! Lycabas! twelve to growl and slay?\nMen hearken at night, and lie in fear,\nSome men hearken all day!\n\n  Lycabas, verily thou art a gallop of wolves,\nGaunt gray wolves, gray months of the year, hunting in twelves,\nRunning and howling, head to tail,\nIn a single file, over the snow,\nA long low gliding of silent horror and fear!\nOn and on, ghastly and drear,\nNot a head turning, not a foot swerving, ye go,\nTwelve making only a one-wolf track!\nOnward ye howl, and behind we wail;\nWail behind your narrow and slack\nWallowing line, and moan and weep,\nAs ye draw it on, straight and deep,\nThorough the night so swart!\nBehind you a desert, and eyes a-weary,\nA long, bare highway, stony and dreary,\nA hungry soul, and a wolf-cub wrapt,\nA live wolf-cub, sharp-toothed, steel-chapt,\nIn the garment next the heart!\n\n  Lycabas!\nOne of them hurt me sore!\nTwo of them hurt and tore!\nThree of them made me bleed!\nThe fourth did a terrible deed,\nRent me the worst of the four!\nRent me, and shook me, and tore,\nAnd ran away with a growl!\nLycabas, if I feared you a jot,\nYou, and your devils running in twelves,\nBlack-mouthed, hell-throated, straight-going wolves,\nI would run like a wolf, I too, and howl!\nI live, and I fear you not.\n\n  But shall I not hate you, low-galloping wolves\nHunting in ceaseless twelves?\nYe have hunted away my lambs!\nYe ran at them open-mouthed,\nAnd your mouths were gleamy-toothed,\nAnd their whiteness with red foam frothed,\nAnd your throats were a purple-black gulf:\nMy lambs they fled, and they came not back!\nLovely white lambs they were, alack!\nThey fled afar and they left a track\nWhich at night, when the lone sky clears,\nGlistens with Nature's tears!\nMany a shepherd scarce thinks of a lamb\nBut he hears behind it the growl of a wolf,\nAnd behind that the wail of its dam!\n\n  They ran, nor cried, but fled\nFrom day's sweet pasture, from night's soft bed:\nAh me, the look in their eyes!\nFor behind them rushed the swallowing gulf,\nThe maw of the growl-throated wolf,\nAnd they fled as the thing that speeds or dies:\nThey looked not behind,\nBut fled as over the grass the wind.\n\n  Oh my lambs, I would drop away\nInto a night that never saw day\nThat so in your dear hearts you might say,\n\"_All is well for ever and aye!_\"\nYet it was well to hurry away,\nTo hurry from me, your shepherd gray:\nI had no sword to bite and slay,\nAnd the wolfy Months were on your track!\nIt was well to start from work and play,\nIt was well to hurry from me away--\nBut why not once look back?\n\n  The wolves came panting down the lea--\nWhat was left you but somewhere flee!\nYe saw the Shepherd that never grows old,\nYe saw the great Shepherd, and him ye knew,\nAnd the wolves never once came near to you;\nFor he saw you coming, threw down his crook,\nRan, and his arms about you threw;\nHe gathered you into his garment's fold,\nHe kneeled, he gathered, he lifted you,\nAnd his bosom and arms were full of you.\nHe has taken you home to his stronghold:\nOut of the castle of Love ye look;\nThe castle of Love is now your home,\nFrom the garden of Love you will never roam,\nAnd the wolves no more shall flutter you.\n\n  Lycabas! Lycabas!\nFor all your hunting and howling and cries,\nYour yelling of _woe_! and _alas_!\nFor all your thin tongues and your fiery eyes,\nYour questing thorough the windy grass,\nYour gurgling gnar, and your horrent hair,\nAnd your white teeth that will not spare--\nWolves, I fear you never a jot,\nThough you come at me with your mouths red-hot,\nEyes of fury, and teeth that foam:\nYe can do nothing but drive me home!\nWolves, wolves, you will lie one day--\nYe are lying even now, this very day,\nWolves in twelves, gaunt and gray,\nAt the feet of the Shepherd that leads the dams,\nAt the feet of the Shepherd that carries the lambs!\n\n  And now that I see you with my mind's eye,\nWhat are you indeed? my mind revolves.\nAre you, are you verily wolves?\nI saw you only through twilight dark,\nThrough rain and wind, and ill could mark!\nNow I come near--are you verily wolves?\nYe have torn, but I never saw you slay!\nMe ye have torn, but I live to-day,\nLive, and hope to live ever and aye!\nCloser still let me look at you!--\nBlack are your mouths, but your eyes are true!--\nNow, now I know you!--the Shepherd's sheep-dogs!\nFriends of us sheep on the moors and bogs,\nLost so often in swamps and fogs!\nDear creatures, forgive me; I did you wrong;\nYou to the castle of Love belong:\nForgive the sore heart that made sharp the tongue!\nYour swift-flying feet the Shepherd sends\nTo gather the lambs, his little friends,\nAnd draw the sheep after for rich amends!\nSharp are your teeth, my wolves divine,\nBut loves and no hates in your deep eyes shine!\nNo more will I call you evil names,\nNo more assail you with untrue blames!\nWake me with howling, check me with biting,\nRouse up my strength for the holy fighting:\nHunt me still back, nor let me stray\nOut of the infinite narrow way,\nThe radiant march of the Lord of Light\nHome to the Father of Love and Might,\nWhere each puts Thou in the place of I,\nAnd Love is the Law of Liberty.\n\n\n\n\n    BALLADS\n\n\n_THE UNSEEN MODEL_.\n\nForth to his study the sculptor goes\n  In a mood of lofty mirth:\n\"Now shall the tongues of my carping foes\n  Confess what my art is worth!\nIn my brain last night the vision arose,\n  To-morrow shall see its birth!\"\n\nHe stood like a god; with creating hand\n  He struck the formless clay:\n\"Psyche, arise,\" he said, \"and stand;\n  In beauty confront the day.\nI have sought nor found thee in any land;\n  I call thee: arise; obey!\"\n\nThe sun was low in the eastern skies\n  When spoke the confident youth;\nSweet Psyche, all day, his hands and eyes\n  Wiled from the clay uncouth,\nNor ceased when the shadows came up like spies\n  That dog the steps of Truth.\n\nHe said, \"I will do my will in spite\n  Of the rising dark; for, see,\nShe grows to my hand! The mar-work night\n  Shall hurry and hide and flee\nFrom the glow of my lamp and the making might\n  That passeth out of me!\"\n\nIn the flickering lamplight the figure swayed,\n  In the shadows did melt and swim:\nWith tool and thumb he modelled and made,\n  Nor knew that feature and limb\nHalf-obeying, half-disobeyed,\n  And mocking eluded him.\n\nAt the dawning Psyche of his brain\n  Joyous he wrought all night:\nThe oil went low, and he trimmed in vain,\n  The lamp would not burn bright;\nBut he still wrought on: through the high roof-pane\n  He saw the first faint light!\n\nThe dark retreated; the morning spread;\n  His creatures their shapes resume;\nThe plaster stares dumb-white and dead;\n  A faint blue liquid bloom\nLies on each marble bosom and head;\n  To his Psyche clings the gloom.\n\nBackward he stept to see the clay:\n  His visage grew white and sear;\nNo beauty ideal confronted the day,\n  No Psyche from upper sphere,\nBut a once loved shape that in darkness lay,\n  Buried a lonesome year!\n\nFrom maidenhood's wilderness fair and wild\n  A girl to his charm had hied:\nHe had blown out the lamp of the trusting child,\n  And in the darkness she died;\nNow from the clay she sadly smiled,\n  And the sculptor stood staring-eyed.\n\nHe had summoned Psyche--and Psyche crept\n  From a half-forgotten tomb;\nShe brought her sad smile, that still she kept,\n  Her eyes she left in the gloom!\nHigh grace had found him, for now he wept,\n  And love was his endless doom!\n\nNight-long he pined, all day did rue;\n  He haunted her form with sighs:\nAs oft as his clay to a lady grew\n  The carvers, with dim surmise,\nWould whisper, \"The same shape come to woo,\n  With its blindly beseeching eyes!\"\n\n\n\n_THE HOMELESS GHOST_.\n\nThrough still, bare streets, and cold moonshine\n  His homeward way he bent;\nThe clocks gave out the midnight sign\n  As lost in thought he went\nAlong the rampart's ocean-line,\nWhere, high above the tossing brine,\n  Seaward his lattice leant.\n\nHe knew not why he left the throng,\n  Why there he could not rest,\nWhat something pained him in the song\n  And mocked him in the jest,\nOr why, the flitting crowd among,\nA moveless moonbeam lay so long\n  Athwart one lady's breast!\n\nHe watched, but saw her speak to none,\n  Saw no one speak to her;\nLike one decried, she stood alone,\n  From the window did not stir;\nHer hair by a haunting gust was blown,\nHer eyes in the shadow strangely shown,\n  She looked a wanderer.\n\nHe reached his room, he sought a book\n  His brooding to beguile;\nBut ever he saw her pallid look,\n  Her face too still to smile.\nAn hour he sat in his fireside nook,\nThe time flowed past like a silent brook,\n  Not a word he read the while.\n\nVague thoughts absorbed his passive brain\n  Of love that bleeding lies,\nOf hoping ever and hoping in vain,\n  Of a sorrow that never dies--\nWhen a sudden spatter of angry rain\nSmote against every window-pane,\n  And he heard far sea-birds' cries.\n\nHe looked from the lattice: the misty moon\n  Hardly a glimmer gave;\nThe wind was like one that hums a tune,\n  The first low gathering stave;\nThe ocean lay in a sullen swoon,\nWith a moveless, monotonous, murmured croon\n  Like the moaning of a slave.\n\nSudden, with masterful, angry blare\n  It howled from the watery west:\nThe storm was up, he had left his lair!\n  The night would be no jest!\nHe turned: a lady sat in his chair!\nThrough her loose dim robe her arm came bare,\n  And it lay across her breast.\n\nShe sat a white queen on a ruined throne,\n  A lily bowed with blight;\nIn her eyes the darkness about was blown\n  By flashes of liquid light;\nHer skin with very whiteness shone;\nBack from her forehead loosely thrown\n  Her hair was dusk as night.\n\nWet, wet it hung, and wept like weeds\n  Down her pearly shoulders bare;\nThe pale drops glistened like diamond beads\n  Caught in a silken snare;\nAs the silver-filmy husk to its seeds\nHer dank robe clings, and but half recedes\n  Her form so shadowy fair.\n\nDoubting she gazed in his wondering face,\n  Wonder his utterance ties;\nShe searches, like one in forgetful case,\n  For something within his eyes,\nFor something that love holds ever in chase,\nFor something that is, and has no place,\n  But away in the thinking lies.\n\nSpeechless he ran, brought a wrap of wool,\n  And a fur that with down might vie;\nListless, into the gathering pool\n  She dropped them, and let them lie.\nHe piled the hearth with fagots so full\nThat the flames, as if from the log of Yule,\n  Up the chimney went roaring high.\n\nThen she spoke, and lovely to heart and ear\n  Was her voice, though broke by pain;\nAfar it sounded, though sweet and clear,\n  As if from out of the rain;\nAs if from out of the night-wind drear\nIt came like the voice of one in fear\n  Lest she should no welcome gain.\n\n\"I am too far off to feel the cold,\n  Too cold to feel the fire;\nIt cannot get through the heap of mould\n  That soaks in the drip from the spire:\nCerement of wax 'neath cloth of gold,\n'Neath fur and wool in fold on fold,\n  Freezes in frost so dire.\"\n\nHer voice and her eyes and her cheek so white\n  Thrilled him through heart and brain;\nWonder and pity and love unite\n  In a passion of bodiless pain;\nHer beauty possessed him with strange delight:\nHe was out with her in the live wan night,\n  With her in the blowing rain!\n\nSudden she rose, she kneeled, she flung\n  Her loveliness at his feet:\n\"I am tired of being blown and swung\n  In the rain and the snow and the sleet!\nBut better no rest than stillness among\nThings whose names would defile my tongue!\n  How I hate the mouldy sheet!\n\n\"Ah, though a ghost, I'm a lady still!\"\n  The youth recoiled aghast.\nHer eyes grew wide and pale and chill\n  With a terror that surpassed.\nHe caught her hand: a freezing thrill\nStung to his wrist, but with steadfast will\n  He held it warm and fast.\n\n\"What can I do to save thee, dear?\"\n  At the word she sprang upright;\nOn tiptoe she stood, he bent his ear,\n  She whispered, whispered light.\nShe withdrew; she gazed with an asking fear:\nLike one that looks on his lady's bier\n  He stood, with a face ghost-white.\n\n\"Six times--in vain, oh hapless maid!--\n  I have humbled myself to sue!\nThis is the last: as the sunset decayed,\n  Out with the twilight I grew,\nAnd about the city flitted and strayed,\nA wandering, lonely, forsaken shade:\n  No one saw me but you.\"\n\nHe shivered, he shook, he had turned to clay,\n  Vile fear had gone into his blood;\nHis face was a dismal ashy gray,\n  Through his heart crept slime and mud;\nThe lady stood in a still dismay,\nShe drooped, she shrank, she withered away\n  Like a half-blown frozen bud.\n\n\"Speak once more. Am I frightful then?\n  I live, though they call it death;\nI am only cold! Say _dear_ again.\"\n  But scarce could he heave a breath;\nOver a dank and steaming fen\nHe floated astray from the world of men,\n  A lost, half-conscious wraith.\n\n\"Ah, 'tis the last time! Save me!\" Her cry\n  Entered his heart, and lay.\nBut he loved the sunshine, the golden sky,\n  And the ghosts' moonlight is gray!--\nAs feverous visions flit and fly\nAnd without a motion elude the eye,\n  She stood three steps away.\n\nBut oh, her eyes!--refusal base\n  Those live-soul-stars had slain!\nFrozen eyes in an icy face\n  They had grown. Like a ghost of the brain,\nBeside the lattice, thought-moved in space,\nShe stood with a doleful despairing grace:\n  The fire burned! clanged the rain!\n\nFaded or fled, she had vanished quite!\n  The loud wind sank to a sigh;\nPale faces without paled the face of night,\n  Sweeping the window by;\nSome to the glass pressed a cheek of fright,\nSome shot a gleam of decaying light\n  From a flickering, uncertain eye.\n\nWhence did it come, from the sky or the deep,\n  That faint, long-cadenced wail?\nFrom the closing door of the down-way steep,\n  His own bosom, or out of the gale?\nFrom the land where dead dreams, or dead maidens sleep?\nOut of every night to come will creep\n  That cry his heart to quail!\n\nThe clouds had broken, the wind was at rest,\n  The sea would be still ere morn,\nThe moon had gone down behind its breast\n  Save the tip of one blunt horn:\nWas that the ghost-angel without a nest--\nAcross the moonset far in the west\n That thin white vapour borne?\n\nHe turned from the lattice: the fire-lit room\n  With its ghost-forsaken chair\nWas cold and drear as a rifled tomb,\n  Shameful and dreamless and bare!\nFilled it was with his own soul's gloom,\nWith the sense of a traitor's merited doom,\n  With a lovely ghost's despair!\n\nHe had driven a lady, and lightly clad,\n  Out in the stormy cold!\nWas she a ghost?--Divinely sad\n  Are the people of Hades old!\nA wandering ghost? Oh, self-care bad,\nCaitiff and craven and cowering, which had\n  Refused her an earthly fold!\n\nIll had she fared, his lovely guest!--\n  A passion of wild self-blame\nTore the heart that failed in the test\n  With a thousand hooks of shame,\nBent his proud head on his heaving breast,\nShore the plume from his ancient crest,\n  Puffed at his ancient name.\n\nHe sickened with scorn of a fallen will,\n  With love and remorse he wept;\nHe sank and kissed her footprints chill\n  And the track by her garment swept;\nHe kneeled by her chair, all ice-cold still,\nDropped his head in it, moaned until\n  For weariness he slept.\n\nHe slept until the flaming sun\n  Laughed at the by-gone dark:\n\"A frightful dream!--but the night is done,\"\n  He said, \"and I hear the lark!\"\nAll day he held out; with the evening gun\nA booming terror his brain did stun,\n  And Doubt, the jackal, gan bark.\n\nFollowed the lion, Conviction, fast,\n  And the truth no dream he knew!\nNight after night raved the conscience-blast,\n  But stilled as the morning grew.\nWhen seven slow moons had come and passed\nHis self-reproach aside he cast,\n  And the truth appeared untrue.\n\nA lady fair--old story vile!--\n  Would make his heart her boast:\nIn the growing glamour of her smile\n  He forgot the lovely ghost:\nForgot her for bitterness wrapt in wile,\nFor the lady was false as a crocodile,\n  And her heart was a cave of frost.\n\nThen the cold white face, with its woe divine,\n  Came back in the hour of sighs:\nNot always with comfort to those that pine\n  The dear true faces arise!\nHe yearned for her, dreamed of her, prayed for a sign;\nHe wept for her pleading voice, and the shine\n  Of her solitary eyes.\n\n\"With thy face so still, which I made so sad--\n  Ah me! which I might have wooed--\nThou holdest my heart in a love not glad,\n  Sorrowful, shame-subdued!\nCome to me, lady, in pardon clad;\nCome to my dreams, white Aidead,\n  For on thee all day I brood!\"\n\nShe came not. He sought her in churchyards old,\n  In churchyards by the sea;\nAnd in many a church, when the midnight tolled\n  And the moon shone eerily,\nDown to the crypt he crept, grown bold,\nSat all night in the dead men's cold,\n  And called to her: never came she.\n\nPraying forgiveness more and more,\n  And her love at any cost,\nPining and sighing and longing sore\n  He grew like a creature lost;\nThin and spectral his body wore,\nHe faded out at the ghostly door,\n  And was himself a ghost.\n\nBut if he found the lady then,\n  So sorrowfully lost\nFor lack of the love '<DW41> earthly men\n  That was ready to brave love's cost,\nI know not till I drop my pen,\nWander away from earthly ken,\n  And am myself a ghost.\n\n\n\n_ABU MIDJAN_.\n\n\"If I sit in the dust\n  For lauding good wine,\nHa, ha! it is just:\n  So sits the vine!\"\n\nAbu Midjan sang as he sat in chains,\nFor the blood of the grape ran the juice of his veins.\nThe Prophet had said, \"O Faithful, drink not!\"\nAbu Midjan drank till his heart was hot;\nYea, he sang a song in praise of wine,\nHe called it good names--a joy divine,\nThe giver of might, the opener of eyes,\nLove's handmaid, the water of Paradise!\nTherefore Saad his chief spake words of blame,\nAnd set him in irons--a fettered flame;\nBut he sings of the wine as he sits in his chains,\nFor the blood of the grape runs the juice of his veins:\n\n\"I will not think\n  That the Prophet said\n_Ye shall not drink\n  Of the flowing red!_\"\n\n\"'Tis a drenched brain\n  Whose after-sting\nCries out, _Refrain:\n  'Tis an evil thing!_\n\n\"But I will dare,\n  With a goodly drought,\nTo drink, nor spare\n  Till my thirst be out.\n\n\"_I_ do not laugh\n  Like a Christian fool\nBut in silence quaff\n  The liquor cool\n\n\"At door of tent\n  'Neath evening star,\nWith daylight spent,\n  And Uriel afar!\n\n\"Then, through the sky,\n  Lo, the emerald hills!\nMy faith swells high,\n  My bosom thrills:\n\n\"I see them hearken,\n  The Houris that wait!\nTheir dark eyes darken\n  The diamond gate!\n\n\"I hear the float\n  Of their chant divine,\nAnd my heart like a boat\n  Sails thither on wine!\n\n\"Can an evil thing\n  Make beauty more?\nOr a sinner bring\n  To the heavenly door?\n\n\"The sun-rain fine\n  Would sink and escape,\nBut is drunk by the vine,\n  Is stored in the grape:\n\n\"And the prisoned light\n  I free again:\nIt flows in might\n  Through my shining brain\n\n\"I love and I know;\n  The truth is mine;\nI walk in the glow\n  Of the sun-bred wine.\n\n\"_I_ will not think\n  That the Prophet said\n_Ye shall not drink\n  Of the flowing red!_\n\n\"For his promises, lo,\n  Sevenfold they shine\nWhen the channels o'erflow\n  With the singing wine!\n\n\"But I care not, I!--'tis a small annoy\nTo sit in chains for a heavenly joy!\"\n\n  Away went the song on the light wind borne;\nHis head sank down, and a ripple of scorn\nShook the hair that flowed from his curling lip\nAs he eyed his brown limbs in the iron's grip.\n\n  Sudden his forehead he lifted high:\nA faint sound strayed like a moth-wing by!\nLike beacons his eyes burst blazing forth:\nA dust-cloud he spied in the distant north!\nA noise and a smoke on the plain afar?\n'Tis the cloud and the clang of the Moslem war!\nHe leapt aloft like a tiger snared;\nThe wine in his veins through his visage flared;\nHe tore at his fetters in bootless ire,\nHe called the Prophet, he named his sire;\nFrom his lips, with wild shout, the Techir burst;\nHe danced in his irons; the Giaours he cursed;\nAnd his eyes they flamed like a beacon dun,\nOr like wine in the crystal twixt eye and sun.\n\n  The lady of Saad heard him shout,\nHeard his fetters ring on the stones about\nThe heart of a warrior she understood,\nAnd the rage of the thwarted battle-mood:\nHer name, with the cry of an angry prayer,\nHe called but once, and the lady was there.\n\n  \"The Giaour!\" he panted, \"the Godless brute!\nAnd me like a camel tied foot to foot!\nLet me go, and I swear by Allah's fear\nAt sunset I don again this gear,\nOr lie in a heaven of starry eyes,\nKissed by moon-maidens of Paradise!\nO lady, grant me the death of the just!\nHark to the hurtle! see the dust!\"\n\n  With ready fingers the noble dame\nUnlocked her husband's iron blame;\nBrought his second horse, his Abdon, out,\nAnd his second hauberk, light and stout;\nHarnessed the warrior, and hight him go\nAn angel of vengeance upon the foe.\n\n  With clank of steel and thud of hoof\nAway he galloped; she climbed the roof.\n\n  She sees the cloud and the flashes that leap\nFrom the scythe-shaped swords inside it that sweep\nDown with back-stroke the disordered swath:\nThither he speeds, a bolt of wrath!\nStraight as an arrow she sees him go,\nAbu Midjan, the singer, upon the foe!\nLike an eagle he vanishes in the cloud,\nAnd the thunder of battle bursts more loud,\nMingled of crashes and blows and falls,\nOf the whish that severs the throat that calls,\nOf neighing and shouting and groaning grim:\nAbu Midjan, she sees no more of him!\nNorthward the battle drifts afar\nOn the flowing tide of the holy war.\n\n  Lonely across the desert sand,\nFrom his wrist by its thong hung his clotted brand,\nRed in the sunset's level flame\nBack to his bonds Abu Midjan came.\n\n  \"Lady, I swear your Saad's horse--\nThe Prophet himself might have rode a worse!\nLike the knots of a serpent the play of his flesh\nAs he tore to the quarry in Allah's mesh!\nI forgot him, and mowed at the traitor weeds,\nWhich fell before me like rushes and reeds,\nOr like the tall poppies that sudden drop low\nTheir heads to an urchin's unstrung bow!\nFled the Giaour; the faithful flew after to kill;\nI turned to surrender: beneath me still\nWas Abdon unjaded, fresh in force,\nFaithful and fearless--a heavenly horse!\nGive him water, lady, and barley to eat;\nThen haste thee and fetter the wine-bibber's feet.\"\n\n  To the terrace he went, and she to the stall;\nShe tended the horse like guest in hall,\nThen to the warrior unhasting returned.\nThe fire of the fight in his eyes yet burned,\nBut he sat in a silence that might betoken\nOne ashamed that his heart had spoken--\nThough where was the word to breed remorse?\nHe had lauded only his chief's brave horse!\nNot a word she spoke, but his fetters locked;\nHe watched with a smile that himself bemocked;\nShe left him seated in caitiff-plight,\nLike one that had feared and fled the fight.\n\n  But what singer ever sat lonely long\nEre the hidden fountain burst in song!\nThe battle wine foamed in the warrior's veins,\nAnd he sang sword-tempest who sat in chains.\n\n  \"Oh, the wine\nOf the vine\n  Is a feeble thing!\nIn the rattle\nOf battle\n  The true grapes spring!\n\n\"When on whir\nOf Tecbir\n  Allah's wrath flies,\nAnd the power\nOf the Giaour\n  A blasted leaf lies!\n\n\"When on force\nOf the horse\n  The arm flung abroad\nIs sweeping,\nAnd reaping\n  The harvest of God!\n\n\"Ha! they drop\nFrom the top\n  To the sear heap below!\nHa! deeper,\nDown steeper,\n The infidels go!\n\n\"Azrael\nSheer to hell\n Shoots the foul shoals!\nThere Monker\nAnd Nakir\n  Torture their souls!\n\n\"But when drop\nOn their crop\n  The scimitars red,\nAnd under\nWar's thunder\n  The faithful lie dead,\n\n\"Oh, bright\nIs the light\n  On hero slow breaking!\nRapturous faces\nBent for embraces\n  Watch for his waking!\n\n\"And he hears\nIn his ears\n  The voice of Life's river,\nLike a song\nOf the strong,\n  Jubilant ever!\n\n\"Oh, the wine\nOf the vine\n  May lead to the gates,\nBut the rattle\nOf battle\n  Wakes the angel who waits!\n\n\"To the lord\nOf the sword\n  Open it must!\nThe drinker,\nThe thinker\n  Sits in the dust!\n\n\"He dreams\nOf the gleams\n  Of their garments of white;\nHe misses\nTheir kisses,\n  The maidens of light!\n\n\"They long\nFor the strong\n  Who has burst through alarms--\nUp, by the labour\nOf stirrup and sabre,\n  Up to their arms!\n\n\"Oh, the wine of the grape is a feeble ghost!\nThe wine of the fight is the joy of a host!\"\n\n  When Saad came home from the far pursuit,\nAn hour he sat, and an hour was mute.\nThen he opened his mouth: \"Ah, wife, the fight\nHad been lost full sure, but an arm of might\nSudden rose up on the crest of the battle,\nFlashed blue lightnings, thundered steel rattle,\nTook up the fighting, and drove it on--\nEnoch sure, or the good Saint John!\nWherever he leaped, like a lion he,\nThe battle was thickest, or soon to be!\nWherever he sprang with his lion roar,\nIn a minute the battle was there no more!\nWith a headlong fear, the sinners fled,\nAnd we swept them down the steep of the dead:\nBefore us, not from us, did they flee,\nThey ceased in the depths of a new Red Sea!\nBut him who saved us we saw no more;\nHe went as he came, by a secret door!\nAnd strangest of all--nor think I err\nIf a miracle I for truth aver--\nI was close to him thrice--the holy Force\nWore my silver-ringed hauberk, rode Abdon my horse!\"\n\n  The lady rose up, withholding her word,\nAnd led to the terrace her wondering lord,\nWhere, song-soothed, and weary with battle strain,\nAbu Midjan sat counting the links of his chain:\n\"The battle was raging, he raging worse;\nI freed him, harnessed him, gave him thy horse.\"\n\n  \"Abu Midjan! the singer of love and of wine!\nThe arm of the battle, it also was thine?\nRise up, shake the irons from off thy feet:\nFor the lord of the fight are fetters meet?\nIf thou wilt, then drink till thou be hoar:\nAllah shall judge thee; I judge no more!\"\n\n  Abu Midjan arose; he flung aside\nThe clanking fetters, and thus he cried:\n\"If thou give me to God and his decrees,\nNor purge my sin with the shame of these,\nWrath against me I dare not store:\nIn the name of Allah, I drink no more!\"\n\n\n\n_THE THANKLESS LADY_.\n\nIt is May, and the moon leans down at night\n  Over a blossomy land;\nLeans from her window a lady white,\n  With her cheek upon her hand.\n\n\"Oh, why in the blue so misty, moon?\n  Why so dull in the sky?\nThou look'st like one that is ready to swoon\n  Because her tear-well is dry.\n\n\"Enough, enough of longing and wail!\n  Oh, bird, I pray thee, be glad!\nSing to me once, dear nightingale,\n  The old song, merry mad.\n\n\"Hold, hold with thy blossoming, colourless, cold,\n  Apple-tree white as woe!\nBlossom yet once with the blossom of old,\n  Let the roses shine through the snow!\"\n\nThe moon and the blossoms they gloomily gleam,\n  The bird will not be glad:\nThe dead never speak when the mournful dream,\n  They are too weak and sad.\n\nListened she listless till night grew late,\n  Bound by a weary spell;\nThen clanked the latch of the garden-gate,\n  And a wondrous thing befell:\n\nOut burst the gladness, up dawned the love.\n  In the song, in the waiting show;\nGrew silver the moon in the sky above.\n  Blushed rosy the blossom below.\n\nBut the merry bird, nor the silvery moon,\n  Nor the blossoms that flushed the night\nHad one poor thanks for the granted boon:\n  The lady forgot them quite!\n\n\n\n_LEGEND OF THE CORRIEVRECHAN_.\n\nPrince Breacan of Denmark was lord of the strand\n  And lord of the billowy sea;\nLord of the sea and lord of the land,\n  He might have let maidens be!\n\nA maiden he met with locks of gold,\n  Straying beside the sea:\nMaidens listened in days of old,\n  And repented grievously.\n\nWiser he left her in evil wiles,\n  Went sailing over the sea;\nCame to the lord of the Western Isles:\n  Give me thy daughter, said he.\n\nThe lord of the Isles he laughed, and said:\n  Only a king of the sea\nMay think the Maid of the Isles to wed,\n  And such, men call not thee!\n\nHold thine own three nights and days\n  In yon whirlpool of the sea,\nOr turn thy prow and go thy ways\n  And let the isle-maiden be.\n\nPrince Breacan he turned his dragon prow\n  To Denmark over the sea:\nWise women, he said, now tell me how\n  In yon whirlpool to anchor me.\n\nMake a cable of hemp and a cable of wool\n  And a cable of maidens' hair,\nAnd hie thee back to the roaring pool\n  And anchor in safety there.\n\nThe smiths of Greydule, on the eve of Yule,\n  Will forge three anchors rare;\nThe hemp thou shalt pull, thou shalt shear the wool,\n  And the maidens will bring their hair.\n\nOf the hair that is brown thou shalt twist one strand,\n  Of the hair that is raven another;\nOf the golden hair thou shalt twine a band\n  To bind the one to the other!\n\nThe smiths of Greydule, on the eve of Yule,\n  They forged three anchors rare;\nThe hemp he did pull, and he shore the wool,\n  And the maidens brought their hair.\n\nHe twisted the brown hair for one strand,\n  The raven hair for another;\nHe twined the golden hair in a band\n  To bind the one to the other.\n\nHe took the cables of hemp and wool.\n  He took the cable of hair,\nHe hied him back to the roaring pool,\n  He cast the three anchors there.\n\nThe whirlpool roared, and the day went by,\n  And night came down on the sea;\nBut or ever the morning broke the sky\n  The hemp was broken in three.\n\nThe night it came down, the whirlpool it ran,\n  The wind it fiercely blew;\nAnd or ever the second morning began\n  The wool it parted in two.\n\nThe storm it roared all day the third,\n  The whirlpool wallowed about,\nThe night came down like a wild black bird,\n  But the cable of hair held out.\n\nRound and round with a giddy swing\n  Went the sea-king through the dark;\nRound went the rope in the swivel-ring,\n  Round reeled the straining bark.\n\nPrince Breacan he stood on his dragon prow,\n  A lantern in his hand:\nBlest be the maidens of Denmark now,\n  By them shall Denmark stand!\n\nHe watched the rope through the tempest black\n  A lantern in his hold:\nOut, out, alack! one strand will crack!\n  It is the strand of gold!\n\nThe third morn clear and calm came out:\n  No anchored ship was there!\nThe golden strand in the cable stout\n  Was not all of maidens' hair.\n\n\n\n_THE DEAD HAND_.\n\nThe witch lady walked along the strand,\n  Heard a roaring of the sea,\nOn the edge of a pool saw a dead man's hand,\n  Good thing for a witch lady!\n\nLightly she stepped across the rocks,\n  Came where the dead man lay:\nNow pretty maid with your merry mocks,\n  Now I shall have my way!\n\nOn a finger shone a sapphire blue\n  In the heart of six rubies red:\nCome back to me, my promise true,\n  Come back, my ring, she said.\n\nShe took the dead hand in the live,\n  And at the ring drew she;\nThe dead hand closed its fingers five,\n  And it held the witch lady.\n\nShe swore the storm was not her deed,\n  Dark spells she backward spoke;\nIf the dead man heard he took no heed,\n  But held like a cloven oak.\n\nDeathly cold, crept up the tide,\n  Sure of her, made no haste;\nCrept up to her knees, crept up each side,\n  Crept up to her wicked waist.\n\nOver the blue sea sailed the bride\n  In her love's own sailing ship,\nAnd the witch she saw them across the tide\n  As it rose to her lying lip.\n\nOh, the heart of the dead and the hand of the dead\n  Are strong hasps they to hold!\nFled the true dove with the kite's new love,\n  And left the false kite with the old.\n\n\n\n\n    MINOR DITTIES.\n\n\n\n_IN THE NIGHT_.\n\nAs to her child a mother calls,\n\"Come to me, child; come near!\"\nCalling, in silent intervals,\nThe Master's voice I hear.\n\nBut does he call me verily?\nTo have me does he care?\nWhy should he seek my poverty,\nMy selfishness so bare?\n\nThe dear voice makes his gladness brim,\nBut not a child can know\nWhy that large woman cares for him,\nWhy she should love him so!\n\nLord, to thy call of me I bow,\nObey like Abraham:\nThou lov'st me because thou art thou,\nAnd I am what I am!\n\nDoubt whispers, _Thou art such a blot\nHe cannot love poor thee_:\nIf what I am he loveth not,\nHe loves what I shall be.\n\nNay, that which can be drawn and wooed,\nAnd turned away from ill,\nIs what his father made for good:\nHe loves me, I say still!\n\n\n\n_THE GIVER._\n\nTo give a thing and take again\nIs counted meanness among men;\nTo take away what once is given\nCannot then be the way of heaven!\n\nBut human hearts are crumbly stuff,\nAnd never, never love enough,\nTherefore God takes and, with a smile,\nPuts our best things away a while.\n\nThereon some weep, some rave, some scorn,\nSome wish they never had been born;\nSome humble grow at last and still,\nAnd then God gives them what they will.\n\n\n\n_FALSE PROPHETS._\n\nWould-be prophets tell us\nWe shall not re-know\nThem that walked our fellows\nIn the ways below!\n\nSmoking, smouldering Tophets\nSteaming hopeless plaints!\nDreary, mole-eyed prophets!\nMean, skin-pledging saints!\n\nKnowing not the Father\nWhat their prophecies!\nGrapes of such none gather,\nOnly thorns and lies.\n\nLoving thus the brother,\nHow the Father tell?\nGo without each other\nTo your heavenly hell!\n\n\n\n_LIFE-WEARY_.\n\nO Thou that walkest with nigh hopeless feet\nPast the one harbour, built for thee and thine.\nDoth no stray odour from its table greet,\nNo truant beam from fire or candle shine?\n\nAt his wide door the host doth stand and call;\nAt every lattice gracious forms invite;\nThou seest but a dull-gray, solid wall\nIn forest sullen with the things of night!\n\nThou cravest rest, and Rest for thee doth crave,\nThe white sheet folded down, white robe apart.--\nShame, Faithless! No, I do not mean the grave!\nI mean Love's very house and hearth and heart.\n\n\n\n_APPROACHES_.\n\nWhen thou turn'st away from ill,\nChrist is this side of thy hill.\n\nWhen thou turnest toward good,\nChrist is walking in thy wood.\n\nWhen thy heart says, \"Father, pardon!\"\nThen the Lord is in thy garden.\n\nWhen stern Duty wakes to watch,\nThen his hand is on the latch.\n\nBut when Hope thy song doth rouse,\nThen the Lord is in the house.\n\nWhen to love is all thy wit,\nChrist doth at thy table sit.\n\nWhen God's will is thy heart's pole,\nThen is Christ thy very soul.\n\n\n\n_TRAVELLERS' SONG_.\n\nBands of dark and bands of light\nLie athwart the homeward way;\nNow we cross a belt of Night,\nNow a strip of shining Day!\n\nNow it is a month of June,\nNow December's shivering hour;\nNow rides high loved memories' Moon,\nNow the Dark is dense with power!\n\nSummers, winters, days, and nights,\nMoons, and clouds, they come and go;\nJoys and sorrows, pains, delights,\nHope and fear, and _yes_ and _no_.\n\nAll is well: come, girls and boys,\nNot a weary mile is vain!\nHark--dim laughter's radiant noise!\nSee the windows through the rain!\n\n\n\n_LOVE IS STRENGTH_.\n\nLove alone is great in might,\nMakes the heavy burden light,\nSmooths rough ways to weary feet,\nMakes the bitter morsel sweet:\nLove alone is strength!\n\nMight that is not born of Love\nIs not Might born from above,\nHas its birthplace down below\nWhere they neither reap nor sow:\nLove alone is strength!\n\nLove is stronger than all force,\nIs its own eternal source;\nMight is always in decay,\nLove grows fresher every day:\nLove alone is strength!\n\nLittle ones, no ill can chance;\nFear ye not, but sing and dance;\nThough the high-heaved heaven should fall\nGod is plenty for us all:\nGod is Love and Strength!\n\n\n\n_COMING_.\n\nWhen the snow is on the earth\nBirds and waters cease their mirth;\nWhen the sunlight is prevailing\nEven the night-winds drop their wailing.\n\nOn the earth when deep snows lie\nStill the sun is in the sky,\nAnd when most we miss his fire\nHe is ever drawing nigher.\n\nIn the darkest winter day\nThou, God, art not far away;\nWhen the nights grow colder, drearer,\nFather, thou art coming nearer!\n\nFor thee coming I would watch\nWith my hand upon the latch--\nOf the door, I mean, that faces\nOut upon the eternal spaces!\n\n\n\n_SONG OF THE WAITING DEAD_.\n\nWith us there is no gray fearing,\nWith us no aching for lack!\nFor the morn it is always nearing,\nAnd the night is at our back.\nAt times a song will fall dumb,\nA thought-bell burst in a sigh,\nBut no one says, \"He will not come!\"\nShe says, \"He is almost nigh!\"\n\nThe thing you call a sorrow\nIs our delight on its way:\nWe know that the coming morrow\nComes on the wheels of to-day!\nOur Past is a child asleep;\nDelay is ripening the kiss;\nThe rising tear we will not weep\nUntil it flow for bliss.\n\n\n\n_OBEDIENCE_.\n\nTrust him in the common light;\nTrust him in the awesome night;\n\nTrust him when the earth doth quake:\nTrust him when thy heart doth ache;\n\nTrust him when thy brain doth reel\nAnd thy friend turns on his heel;\n\nTrust him when the way is rough,\nCry not yet, _It is enough_!\n\nBut obey with true endeavour,\nElse the salt hath lost his savour.\n\n\n\n_A SONG IN THE NIGHT_.\n\nI would I were an angel strong,\nAn angel of the sun, hasting along!\n\nI would I were just come awake,\nA child outbursting from night's dusky brake!\n\nOr lark whose inward, upward fate\nMocks every wall that masks the heavenly gate!\n\nOr hopeful cock whose clarion clear\nShrills ten times ere a film of dawn appear!\n\nOr but a glowworm: even then\nMy light would come straight from the Light of Men!\n\nI am a dead seed, dark and slow:\nFather of larks and children, make me grow.\n\n\n\n_DE PROFUNDIS_.\n\nWhen I am dead unto myself, and let,\nO Father, thee live on in me,\nContented to do nought but pay my debt,\nAnd leave the house to thee,\n\nThen shall I be thy ransomed--from the cark\nOf living, from the strain for breath,\nFrom tossing in my coffin strait and dark,\nAt hourly strife with death!\n\nHave mercy! in my coffin! and awake!\nA buried temple of the Lord!\nGrow, Temple, grow! Heart, from thy cerements break!\nStream out, O living Sword!\n\nWhen I am with thee as thou art with me,\nLife will be self-forgetting power;\nLove, ever conscious, buoyant, clear, and free,\nWill flame in darkest hour.\n\nWhere now I sit alone, unmoving, calm,\nWith windows open to thy wind,\nShall I not know thee in the radiant psalm\nSoaring from heart and mind?\n\nThe body of this death will melt away,\nAnd I shall know as I am known;\nKnow thee my father, every hour and day,\nAs thou know'st me thine own!\n\n\n\n_BLIND SORROW_.\n\n\"My life is drear; walking I labour sore;\n  The heart in me is heavy as a stone;\nAnd of my sorrows this the icy core:\n  Life is so wide, and I am all alone!\"\n\nThou did'st walk so, with heaven-born eyes down bent\n  Upon the earth's gold-rosy, radiant clay,\nThat thou had'st seen no star in all God's tent\n  Had not thy tears made pools first on the way.\n\nAh, little knowest thou the tender care\n  In a love-plenteous cloak around thee thrown!\nFull many a dim-seen, saving mountain-stair\n  Toiling thou climb'st--but not one step alone!\n\nLift but thy languid head and see thy guide;\n  Let thy steps go in his, nor choose thine own;\nThen soon wilt thou, thine eyes with wonder wide,\n  Cry, _Now I know I never was alone_!\n\n\n\n\n    MOTES IN THE SUN.\n\n\n\n_ANGELS_.\n\nCame of old to houses lonely\n  Men with wings, but did not show them:\nAngels come to our house, only,\n  For their wings, they do not know them!\n\n\n\n_THE FATHER'S WORSHIPPERS_.\n\n'Tis we, not in thine arms, who weep and pray;\nThe children in thy bosom laugh and play.\n\n\n\n_A BIRTHDAY-WISH_.\n\nWho know thee, love: thy life be such\n  That, ere the year be o'er,\nEach one who loves thee now so much,\n  Even God, may love thee more!\n\n\n\n_TO ANY ONE_.\n\nGo not forth to call Dame Sorrow\nFrom the dim fields of Tomorrow;\nLet her roam there all unheeded,\nShe will come when she is needed;\nThen, when she draws near thy door,\nShe will find God there before.\n\n\n\n_WAITING_.\n\nLie, little cow, and chew thy cud,\n  The farmer soon will shift thy tether;\nChirp, linnet, on the frozen mud,\n  Sun and song will come together;\nWait, soul, for God, and thou shalt bud,\n  He waits thy waiting with his weather.\n\n\n\n_LOST BUT SAFE_.\n\nLost the little one roams about,\nPathway or shelter none can find;\nBlinking stars are coming out;\nNo one is moving but the wind;\nIt is no use to cry or shout,\nAll the world is still as a mouse;\nOne thing only eases her mind:\n\"Father knows I'm not in the house!\"\n\n\n\n_MUCH AND MORE_.\n\nWhen thy heart, love-filled, grows graver,\n  And eternal bliss looks nearer,\nAsk thy heart, nor show it favour,\n  Is the gift or giver dearer?\n\nLove, love on; love higher, deeper;\n  Let love's ocean close above her;\nOnly, love thou more love's keeper,\n  More, the love-creating lover.\n\n\n\n_HOPE AND PATIENCE_.\n\nAn unborn bird lies crumpled and curled,\nA-dreaming of the world.\n\nRound it, for castle-wall, a shell\nIs guarding it well.\n\n_Hope_ is the bird with its dim sensations;\nThe shell that keeps it alive is _Patience_.\n\n\n\n_A BETTER THING_.\n\nI took it for a bird of prey that soared\nHigh over ocean, battled mount, and plain;\n'Twas but a bird-moth, which with limp horns gored\nThe invisibly obstructing window-pane!\n\nBetter than eagle, with far-towering nerve\nBut downward bent, greedy, marauding eye,\nGuest of the flowers, thou art: unhurt they serve\nThee, little angel of a lower sky!\n\n\n\n_A PRISONER_.\n\nThe hinges are so rusty\nThe door is fixed and fast;\nThe windows are so dusty\nThe sun looks in aghast:\nKnock out the glass, I pray,\nOr dash the door away,\nOr break the house down bodily,\nAnd let my soul go free!\n\n\n\n_TO MY LORD AND MASTER_.\n\nImagination cannot rise above thee;\nNear and afar I see thee, and I love thee;\nMy misery away from me I thrust it,\nFor thy perfection I behold, and trust it.\n\n\n\n_TO ONE UNSATISFIED_.\n\nWhen, with all the loved around thee,\n  Still thy heart says, \"I am lonely,\"\nIt is well; the truth hath found thee:\n  Rest is with the Father only.\n\n\n\n_TO MY GOD_.\n\nOh how oft I wake and find\n  I have been forgetting thee!\nI am never from thy mind:\n  Thou it is that wakest me.\n\n\n\n_TRIOLET_.\n\nOh that men would praise the Lord\n  For his goodness unto men!\nForth he sends his saving word,\n  --Oh that men would praise the Lord!--\nAnd from shades of death abhorred\n  Lifts them up to light again:\nOh that men would praise the Lord\n  For his goodness unto men!\n\n\n\n_THE WORD OF GOD_.\n\nWhere the bud has never blown\n  Who for scent is debtor?\nWhere the spirit rests unknown\n  Fatal is the letter.\n\nIn thee, Jesus, Godhead-stored,\n  All things we inherit,\nFor thou art the very Word\n  And the very Spirit!\n\n\n\n_EINE KLEINE PREDIGT_.\n\nGraut Euch nicht, Ihr lieben Leute,\n  Vor dem ungeheuren Morgen;\nWenn es kommt, es ist das Heute,\n  Und der liebe Gott zu sorgen.\n\n\n\n_TO THE LIFE ETERNAL_.\n\nThou art my thought, my heart, my being's fortune,\n  The search for thee my growth's first conscious date;\nFor nought, for everything, I thee importune;\n  Thou art my all, my origin and fate!\n\n\n\n_HOPE DEFERRED_.\n\n\"Where is thy crown, O tree of Love?\n  Flowers only bears thy root!\nWill never rain drop from above\n  Divine enough for fruit?\"\n\n\"I dwell in hope that gives good cheer,\n  Twilight my darkest hour;\nFor seest thou not that every year\n  I break in better flower?\"\n\n\n\n_FORGIVENESS_.\n\nGod gives his child upon his slate a sum--\n  To find eternity in hours and years;\nWith both sides covered, back the child doth come,\n  His dim eyes swollen with shed and unshed tears;\nGod smiles, wipes clean the upper side and nether,\nAnd says, \"Now, dear, we'll do the sum together!\"\n\n\n\n_DEJECTION_.\n\nO Father, I am in the dark,\n  My soul is heavy-bowed:\nI send my prayer up like a lark,\n  Up through my vapoury shroud,\n        To find thee,\n        And remind thee\nI am thy child, and thou my father,\nThough round me death itself should gather.\n\nLay thy loved hand upon my head,\n  Let thy heart beat in mine;\nOne thought from thee, when all seems dead,\n  Will make the darkness shine\n        About me\n        And throughout me!\nAnd should again the dull night gather,\nI'll cry again, _Thou art my father_.\n\n\n\n_APPEAL_.\n\nIf in my arms I bore my child,\n  Would he cry out for fear\nBecause the night was dark and wild\n  And no one else was near?\n\nShall I then treat thee, Father, as\n  My fatherhood would grieve?\nI will be hopeful, though, alas,\n  I cannot quite believe!\n\nI had no power, no wish to be:\n  Thou madest me half blind!\nThe darkness comes! I cling to thee!\n  Be thou my perfect mind.\n\n\n\n\n    POEMS FOR CHILDREN\n\n\n\n_LESSONS FOR A CHILD_.\n\nI.\n\nThere breathes not a breath of the summer air\nBut the spirit of love is moving there;\nNot a trembling leaf on the shadowy tree,\nFlutters with hundreds in harmony,\nBut that spirit can part its tone from the rest,\nAnd read the life in its beetle's breast.\nWhen the sunshiny butterflies come and go,\nLike flowers paying visits to and fro,\nNot a single wave of their fanning wings\nIs unfelt by the spirit that feeleth all things.\nThe long-mantled moths that sleep at noon\nAnd rove in the light of the gentler moon;\nAnd the myriad gnats that dance like a wall,\nOr a moving column that will not fall;\nAnd the dragon-flies that go burning by,\nShot like a glance from a seeking eye--\nThere is one being that loves them all:\nNot a fly in a spider's web can fall\nBut he cares for the spider, and cares for the fly;\nHe cares for you, whether you laugh or cry,\nCares whether your mother smile or sigh.\nHow he cares for so many, I do not know,\nBut it would be too strange if he did not so--\nDreadful and dreary for even a fly:\nSo I cannot wait for the _how_ and _why_,\nBut believe that all things are gathered and nursed\nIn the love of him whose love went first\nAnd made this world--like a huge great nest\nFor a hen to sit on with feathery breast.\n\nII.\n\n  The bird on the leafy tree,\n  The bird in the cloudy sky,\n  The hart in the forest free,\n  The stag on the mountain high,\n  The fish inside the sea,\n  The albatross asleep\n  On the outside of the deep,\n  The bee through the summer sunny\n  Hunting for wells of honey--\n  What is the thought in the breast\n  Of the little bird in its nest?\n  What is the thought in the songs\n  The lark in the sky prolongs?\n  What mean the dolphin's rays,\n  Winding his watery ways?\n  What is the thought of the stag,\n  Stately on yonder crag?\n  What does the albatross think,\n  Dreaming upon the brink\n  Of the mountain billow, and then\n  Dreaming down in its glen?\n  What is the thought of the bee\n  Fleeting so silently,\n  Or flitting--with busy hum,\n  But a careless go-and-come--\n  From flower-chalice to chalice,\n  Like a prince from palace to palace?\n  What makes them alive, so very--\n  Some of them, surely, merry.\n  And others so stately calm\n  They might be singing a psalm?\n\n    I cannot tell what they think---\n  Only know they eat and drink,\n  And on all that lies about\n  With a quiet heart look out,\n  Each after its kind, stately or coy,\n  Solemn like man, gamesome like boy,\n  Glad with its own mysterious joy.\n\n    And God, who knows their thoughts and ways\n  Though his the creatures do not know,\n  From his full heart fills each of theirs:\n  Into them all his breath doth go;\n  Good and better with them he shares;\n  Content with their bliss while they have no prayers,\n  He takes their joy for praise.\n\n    If thou wouldst be like him, little one, go\n  And be kind with a kindness undefiled;\n  Who gives for the pleasure of thanks, my child,\n  God's gladness cannot know.\n\nIII.\n\n  Root met root in the spongy ground,\n    Searching each for food:\n  Each turned aside, and away it wound.\n    And each got something good.\n\n  Sound met sound in the wavy air--\n    That made a little to-do!\n  They jostled not long, but were quick and fair;\n    Each found its path and flew.\n\n  Drop dashed on drop, as the rain-shower fell;\n    They joined and sank below:\n  In gathered thousands they rose a well,\n    With a singing overflow.\n\n  Wind met wind in a garden green,\n    They began to push and fret:\n  A tearing whirlwind arose between:\n    There love lies bleeding yet.\n\n\n\n_WHAT MAKES SUMMER?_\n\n  Winter froze both brook and well;\nFast and fast the snowflakes fell;\nChildren gathered round the hearth\nMade a summer of their mirth;\nWhen a boy, so lately come\nThat his life was yet one sum\nOf delights--of aimless rambles.\nRomps and dreams and games and gambols,\nThought aloud: \"I wish I knew\nWhat makes summer--that I do!\"\nFather heard, and it did show him\nHow to write a little poem.\n\n  What makes summer, little one,\nDo you ask? It is the sun.\nWant of heat is all the harm,\nSummer is but winter warm.\n'Tis the sun--yes, that one there,\nDim and gray, low in the air!\nNow he looks at us askance,\nBut will lift his countenance\nHigher up, and look down straighter.\nRise much earlier, set much later,\nTill we sing out, \"Hail, Well-comer,\nThou hast brought our own old Summer!\"\n\n  When the sun thus rises early\nAnd keeps shining all day rarely,\nUp he draws the larks to meet him,\nEarth's bird-angels, wild to greet him;\nUp he draws the clouds, and pours\nDown again their shining showers;\nOut he draws the grass and clover,\nDaisies, buttercups all over;\nOut he wiles all flowers to stare\nAt their father in the air--\nHe all light, they how much duller,\nYet son-suns of every colour!\nThen he draws their odours out,\nSends them on the winds about.\nNext he draws out flying things--\nOut of eggs, fast-flapping wings;\nOut of lumps like frozen snails,\nButterflies with splendid sails;\nDraws the blossoms from the trees,\nFrom their hives the buzzy bees,\nGolden things from muddy cracks--\nBeetles with their burnished backs;\nLaughter draws he from the river\nGleaming back to the gleam-giver;\nLight he sends to every nook\nThat no creature be forsook;\nDraws from gloom and pain and sadness,\nHope and blessing, peace and gladness,\nMaking man's heart sing and shine\nWith his brilliancy divine:\nSummer, thus it is he makes it,\nAnd the little child he takes it.\n\n  Day's work done, adown the west\nLingering he goes to rest;\nLike a child, who, blissful yet,\nIs unwilling to forget,\nAnd, though sleepy, heels and head,\nThinks he cannot go to bed.\nEven when down behind the hill\nBack his bright look shineth still,\nWhose keen glory with the night\nMakes the lovely gray twilight--\nDrawing out the downy owl,\nWith his musical bird-howl;\nDrawing out the leathery bats--\nMice they are, turned airy cats--\nNoiseless, sly, and slippery things\nSwimming through the air on wings;\nDrawing out the feathery moth,\nLazy, drowsy, very loath;\nDrawing children to the door\nFor one goodnight-frolic more;\nDrawing from the glow-worms' tails\nGlimmers green in grassy dales;\nMaking ocean's phosphor-flashes\nGlow as if they were sun-ashes.\n\n  Then the moon comes up the hill,\nWide awake, but dreaming still,\nSoft and slow, as if in fear\nLest her path should not be clear.\nLike a timid lady she\nLooks around her daintily,\nBegs the clouds to come about her,\nTells the stars to shine without her,\nThen unveils, and, bolder grown,\nClimbs the steps of her blue throne:\nStately in a calm delight,\nMistress of a whole fair night,\nLonely but for stars a few,\nThere she sits in silence blue,\nAnd the world before her lies\nFaint, a round shade in the skies!\n\n  But what fun is all about\nWhen the humans are shut out!\nShadowy to the moon, the earth\nIs a very world of mirth!\nNight is then a dream opaque\nFull of creatures wide awake!\nNoiseless then, on feet or wings,\nOut they come, all moon-eyed things!\nIn and out they pop and play,\nHave it all their own wild way,\nFly and frolic, scamper, glow;\nTreat the moon, for all her show,\nState, and opal diadem,\nLike a nursemaid watching them.\nAnd the nightingale doth snare\nAll the merry tumult rare,\nAll the music and the magic,\nAll the comic and the tragic,\nAll the wisdom and the riot\nOf the midnight moonlight diet,\nIn a diamond hoop of song,\nWhich he trundles all night long.\n\n  What doth make the sun, you ask,\nAble for such mighty task?\nHe is not a lamp hung high\nSliding up and down the sky,\nHe is carried in a hand:\nThat's what makes him strong and grand!\nFrom that hand comes all his power;\nIf it set him down one hour,\nYea, one moment set him by,\nIn that moment he would die,\nAnd the winter, ice, and snow\nCome on us, and never go.\n\n  Need I tell you whose the hand\nBears him high o'er sea and land?\n\n\n\n_MOTHER NATURE._\n\n  Beautiful mother is busy all day,\nSo busy she neither can sing nor say;\nBut lovely thoughts, in a ceaseless flow,\nThrough her eyes, and her ears, and her bosom go--\nMotion, sight, and sound, and scent,\nWeaving a royal, rich content.\n\n  When night is come, and her children sleep,\nBeautiful mother her watch doth keep;\nWith glowing stars in her dusky hair\nDown she sits to her music rare;\nAnd her instrument that never fails,\nIs the hearts and the throats of her nightingales.\n\n\n\n_THE MISTLETOE._\n\n  Kiss me: there now, little Neddy,\nDo you see her staring steady?\nThere again you had a chance of her!\nDidn't you catch the pretty glance of her?\nSee her nest! On any planet\nNever was a sweeter than it!\nNever nest was such as this is:\nTis the nest of all the kisses,\nWith the mother kiss-bird sitting\nAll through Christmas, never flitting,\nKisses, kisses, kisses hatching,\nSweetest birdies, for the catching!\nOh, the precious little brood\nAlways in a loving mood!--\nThere's one under Mamy's hood!\n\n  There, that's one I caught this minute,\nMusical as any linnet!\nWhere it is, your big eyes question,\nWith of doubt a wee suggestion?\nThere it is--upon mouth merry!\nThere it is--upon cheek cherry!\nThere's another on chin-chinnie!\nNow it's off, and lights on Minnie!\nThere's another on nose-nosey!\nThere's another on lip-rosy!\nAnd the kissy-bird is hatching\nHundreds more for only catching.\n\n  Why the mistletoe she chooses,\nAnd the Christmas-tree refuses?\nThere's a puzzle for your mother?\nI'll present you with another!\nTell me why, you question-asker,\nCruel, heartless mother-tasker--\nWhy, of all the trees before her,\nGathered round, or spreading o'er her,\nJenny Wren should choose the apple\nFor her nursery and chapel!\nOr Jack Daw build in the steeple\nHigh above the praying people!\nTell me why the limping plover\nO'er moist meadow likes to hover;\nWhy the partridge with such trouble\nBuilds her nest where soon the stubble\nWill betray her hop-thumb-cheepers\nTo the eyes of all the reapers!--\nTell me, Charley; tell me, Janey;\nAnswer all, or answer any,\nAnd I'll tell you, with much pleasure,\nWhy this little bird of treasure\nNestles only in the mistletoe,\nNever, never goes the thistle to.\n\n  Not an answer? Tell without it?\nYes--all that I know about it:--\nMistletoe, then, cannot flourish,\nCannot find the food to nourish\nBut on other plant when planted--\nAnd for kissing two are wanted.\nThat is why the kissy-birdie\nLooks about for oak-tree sturdy\nAnd the plant that grows upon it\nLike a wax-flower on a bonnet.\n\n  But, my blessed little mannie,\nAll the birdies are not cannie\nThat the kissy-birdie hatches!\nSome are worthless little patches,\nWhich indeed if they don't smutch you,\n'Tis they're dead before they touch you!\nWhile for kisses vain and greedy,\nKisses flattering, kisses needy,\nThey are birds that never waddled\nOut of eggs that only addled!\nSome there are leave spots behind them,\nOn your cheek for years you'd find them:\nLittle ones, I do beseech you,\nNever let such birdies reach you.\n\n  It depends what net you venture\nWhat the sort of bird will enter!\nI will tell you in a minute\nWhat net takes kiss--lark or linnet--\nAny bird indeed worth hatching\nAnd just therefore worth the catching:\nThe one net that never misses\nCatching at least some true kisses,\nIs the heart that, loving truly,\nAlways loves the old love newly;\nBut to spread out would undo it--\nLet the birdies fly into it.\n\n\n\n_PROFESSOR NOCTUTUS._\n\nNobody knows the world but me.\nThe rest go to bed; I sit up and see.\nI'm a better observer than any of you all,\nFor I never look out till the twilight fall,\nAnd never then without green glasses,\nAnd that is how my wisdom passes.\n\nI never think, for that is not fit:\n_I observe._ I have seen the white moon sit\nOn her nest, the sea, like a fluffy owl,\nHatching the boats and the long-legged fowl!\nWhen the oysters gape--you may make a note--\nShe drops a pearl into every throat.\n\nI can see the wind: can you do that?\nI see the dreams he has in his hat,\nI see him shaking them out as he goes,\nI see them rush in at man's snoring nose.\nTen thousand things you could not think,\nI can write down plain with pen and ink!\n\nYou know that I know; therefore pull off your hat,\nWhether round and tall, or square and flat:\nYou cannot do better than trust in me;\nYou may shut your eyes in fact--_I_ see!\nLifelong I will lead you, and then, like the owl,\nI will bury you nicely with my spade and showl.\n\n\n\n_BIRD-SONGS._\n\nI will sing a song,\n  Said the owl.\nYou sing a song, sing-song\n  Ugly fowl!\nWhat will you sing about,\nNight in and day out?\n\nAll about the night,\n  When the gray\nWith her cloak smothers bright,\n  Hard, sharp day.\nOh, the moon! the cool dew!\nAnd the shadows!--tu-whoo!\n\nI will sing a song,\n  Said the nightingale.\nSing a song, long, long,\n  Little Neverfail!\nWhat will you sing about,\nDay in or day out?\n\nAll about the light\n  Gone away,\nDown, away, and out of sight:\n  Wake up, day!\nFor the master is not dead,\nOnly gone to bed.\n\nI will sing a song,\n  Said the lark.\nSing, sing, Throat-strong,\n  Little Kill-the-dark!\nWhat will you sing about,\nDay in and night out?\n\nI can only call!\n  I can't think!\nLet me up, that's all!\n  I see a chink!\nI've been thirsting all night\nFor the glorious light!\n\n\n\n_RIDDLES._\n\nI.\n\nI have only one foot, but thousands of toes;\nMy one foot stands well, but never goes;\nI've a good many arms, if you count them all,\nBut hundreds of fingers, large and small;\nFrom the ends of my fingers my beauty grows;\nI breathe with my hair, and I drink with my toes;\nI grow bigger and bigger about the waist\nAlthough I am always very tight laced;\nNone e'er saw me eat--I've no mouth to bite!\nYet I eat all day, and digest all night.\nIn the summer, with song I shake and quiver,\nBut in winter I fast and groan and shiver.\n\nII.\n\nThere is a plough that hath no share,\nOnly a coulter that parteth fair;\n  But the ridges they rise\n  To a terrible size\nOr ever the coulter comes near to tear:\nThe horses and ridges fierce battle make;\nThe horses are safe, but the plough may break.\n\nSeed cast in its furrows, or green or sear,\nWill lift to the sun neither blade nor ear:\n  Down it drops plumb\n  Where no spring-times come,\nNor needeth it any harrowing gear;\nWheat nor poppy nor blade has been found\nAble to grow on the naked ground.\n\nFOR MY GRANDCHILD.\n\nIII.\n\nWho is it that sleeps like a top all night,\nAnd wakes in the morning so fresh and bright\nThat he breaks his bed as he gets up,\nAnd leaves it smashed like a china cup?\n\nIV.\n\nI've a very long nose, but what of that?\nIt is not too long to lie on a mat!\n\nI have very big jaws, but never get fat:\nI don't go to church, and I'm not a church rat!\n\nI've a mouth in my middle my food goes in at,\nJust like a skate's--that's a fish that's a flat.\n\nIn summer I'm seldom able to breathe,\nBut when winter his blades in ice doth sheathe\n\nI swell my one lung, I look big and I puff,\nAnd I sometimes hiss.--There, that's enough!\n\n\n\n_BABY._\n\nWhere did you come from, baby dear?\nOut of the everywhere into here.\n\nWhere did you get those eyes so blue?\nOut of the sky as I came through.\n\nWhat makes the light in them sparkle and spin?\nSome of the starry twinkles left in.\n\nWhere did you get that little tear?\nI found it waiting when I got here.\n\nWhat makes your forehead so smooth and high?\nA soft hand stroked it as I went by.\n\nWhat makes your cheek like a warm white rose?\nI saw something better than any one knows.\n\nWhence that three-cornered smile of bliss?\nThree angels gave me at once a kiss.\n\nWhere did you get this pearly ear?\nGod spoke, and it came out to hear.\n\nWhere did you get those arms and hands?\nLove made itself into bonds and bands.\n\nFeet, whence did you come, you darling things?\nFrom the same box as the cherubs' wings.\n\nHow did they all just come to be you?\nGod thought about me, and so I grew.\n\nBut how did you come to us, you dear?\nGod thought about you, and so I am here.\n\n\n\n_UP AND-DOWN._\n\nThe sun is gone down\n  And the moon's in the sky\nBut the sun will come up\n  And the moon be laid by.\n\nThe flower is asleep.\n  But it is not dead,\nWhen the morning shines\n  It will lift its head.\n\nWhen winter comes\n  It will die! No, no,\nIt will only hide\n  From the frost and snow.\n\nSure is the summer,\n  Sure is the sun;\nThe night and the winter\n  Away they run.\n\n\n\n_UP IN THE TREE_.\n\nWhat would you see, if I took you up\nMy little aerie-stair?\nYou would see the sky like a clear blue cup\nTurned upside down in the air.\n\nWhat would you do, up my aerie-stair\nIn my little nest on the tree?\nWith cry upon cry you would ripple the air\nTo get at what you would see.\n\nAnd what would you reach in the top of the tree\nTo still your grasping grief?\nNot a star would you clutch of all you would see,\nYou would gather just one green leaf.\n\nBut when you had lost your greedy grief,\nContent to see from afar,\nYour hand it would hold a withering leaf,\nBut your heart a shining star.\n\n\n\n_A BABY-SERMON_.\n\nThe lightning and thunder\nThey go and they come:\nBut the stars and the stillness\nAre always at home.\n\n\n\n_LITTLE BO-PEEP_.\n\nLittle Bo-Peep, she has lost her sheep,\n  And will not know where to find them;\nThey are over the height and out of sight,\n  Trailing their tails behind them!\n\nLittle Bo-Peep woke out of her sleep,\n  Jump'd up and set out to find them:\n\"The silly things! they've got no wings,\n  And they've left their trails behind them!\n\n\"They've taken their tails, but they've left their trails,\n  And so I shall follow and find them!\"\nFor wherever a tail had dragged a trail\n  The grass lay bent behind them.\n\nShe washed in the brook, and caught up her crook.\n  And after her sheep did run\nAlong the trail that went up the dale\n  Across the grass in the sun.\n\nShe ran with a will, and she came to a hill\n  That went up steep like a spire;\nOn its very top the sun seemed to stop,\n  And burned like a flame of fire.\n\nBut now she went slow, for the hill did go\n  Up steeper as she went higher;\nWhen she reached its crown, the sun was down,\n  Leaving a trail of fire.\n\nAnd her sheep were gone, and hope she had none.\n  For now was no trail behind them.\nYes, there they were! long-tailed and fair!\n  But to see was not to find them!\n\nGolden in hue, and rosy and blue,\n  And white as blossom of pears,\nHer sheep they did run in the trail of the sun,\n  As she had been running in theirs!\n\nAfter the sun like clouds they did run,\n  But she knew they were her sheep:\nShe sat down to cry and look up at the sky,\n  But she cried herself to sleep.\n\nAnd as she slept the dew down wept,\n  And the wind did blow from the sky;\nAnd doings strange brought a lovely change:\n  She woke with a different cry!\n\nNibble, nibble, crop, without a stop!\n  A hundred little lambs\nDid pluck and eat the grass so sweet\n  That grew in the trail of their dams!\n\nShe gave one look, she caught up her crook,\n  Wiped away the sleep that did blind her;\nAnd nibble-nibble-crop, without a stop\n  The lambs came nibbling behind her.\n\nHome, home she came, both tired and lame,\n  With three times as large a stock;\nIn a month or more, they'll be sheep as before,\n  A lovely, long-wooled flock!\n\nBut what will she say, if, one fine day,\n  When they've got their bushiest tails,\nTheir grown-up game should be just the same,\n  And again she must follow mere trails?\n\nNever weep, Bo-Peep, though you lose your sheep,\n  Tears will turn rainbow-laughter!\nIn the trail of the sun if the mothers did run,\n  The lambs are sure to run after;\n\nBut a day is coming when little feet drumming\n  Will wake you up to find them--\nAll the old sheep--how your heart will leap!--\n  With their big little lambs behind them!\n\n\n\n_LITTLE BOY BLUE._\n\nLittle Boy Blue lost his way in a wood--\n  _Sing apples and cherries, roses and honey:_\nHe said, \"I would not go back if I could,\n  _It's all so jolly and funny!\"_\n\nHe sang, \"This wood is all my own--\n  _Apples and cherries, roses and honey!_\nHere I will sit, a king on my throne,\n  _All so jolly and funny!\"_\n\nA little snake crept out of a tree--\n  _Apples and cherries, roses and honey:_\n\"Lie down at my feet, little snake,\" said he--\n  _All so jolly and funny!_\n\nA little bird sang in the tree overhead--\n  _\"Apples and cherries, roses and honey:\"_\n\"Come and sing your song on my finger,\" he said,\n  _All so jolly and funny._\n\nUp coiled the snake; the bird came down,\nAnd sang him the song of Birdie Brown.\n\nBut little Boy Blue found it tiresome to sit\nThough it was on a throne: he would walk a bit!\n\nHe took up his horn, and he blew a blast:\n\"Snake, you go first, and, birdie, come last.\"\n\nWaves of green snake o'er the yellow leaves went;\nThe snake led the way, and he knew what he meant:\n\nBut by Boy Blue's head, with flutter and dart,\nFlew Birdie Brown, her song in her heart.\n\nBoy Blue came where apples grew fair and sweet:\n\"Tree, drop me an apple down at my feet.\"\n\nHe came where cherries hung plump and red:\n\"Come to my mouth, sweet kisses,\" he said.\n\nAnd the boughs bow down, and the apples they dapple\nThe grass, too many for him to grapple;\n\nAnd the cheeriest cherries, with never a miss,\nFall to his mouth, each a full-grown kiss.\n\nHe met a little brook singing a song:\n\"Little brook,\" he said, \"you are going wrong,\n\n\"You must follow me, follow me, follow, I say,\nDo as I tell you, and come this way.\"\n\nAnd the song-singing, sing-songing forest brook\nLeapt from its bed and after him took;\n\nAnd the dead leaves rustled, yellow and wan,\nAs over their beds the water ran.\n\nHe called every bird that sat on a bough;\nHe called every creature with poop and prow--\n\nI mean, with two ends, that is, nose and tail:\nWith legs or without, they followed full sail;\n\nSquirrels that carried their tails like a sack,\nEach his own on his little brown humpy back;\n\nSnails that drew their own caravans,\nPoking out their own eyes on the point of a lance,\n\nAnd houseless slugs, white, black, and red--\nSnails too lazy to build a shed;\n\nAnd butterflies, flutterbys, weasels, and larks,\nAnd owls, and shrew-mice, and harkydarks,\n\nCockchafers, henchafers, cockioli-birds,\nCockroaches, henroaches, cuckoos in herds;\n\nThe dappled fawns fawning, the fallow-deer following;\nThe swallows and flies, flying and swallowing--\n\nAll went flitting, and sailing, and flowing\nAfter the merry boy running and blowing.\n\nThe spider forgot, and followed him spinning,\nAnd lost all his thread from end to beginning;\n\nThe gay wasp forgot his rings and his waist--\nHe never had made such undignified haste!\n\nThe dragon-flies melted to mist with their hurrying;\nThe mole forsook his harrowing and burrowing;\n\nThe bees went buzzing, not busy but beesy,\nAnd the midges in columns, upright and easy.\n\nBut Little Boy Blue was not content,\nCalling for followers still as he went,\n\nBlowing his horn, and beating his drum,\nAnd crying aloud, \"Come all of you, come!\"\n\nHe said to the shadows, \"Come after me;\"\nAnd the shadows began to flicker and flee,\n\nAnd away through the wood went flattering and fluttering,\nShaking and quivering, quavering and muttering.\n\nHe said to the wind, \"Come, follow; come, follow\nWith whistle and pipe, with rustle and hollo;\"\n\nAnd the wind wound round at his desire,\nAs if Boy had been the gold cock on the spire;\n\nAnd the cock itself flew down from the church\nAnd left the farmers all in the lurch.\n\nEverything, everything, all and sum,\nThey run and they fly, they creep and they come;\n\nThe very trees they tugged at their roots,\nOnly their feet were too fast in their boots--\n\nAfter him leaning and straining and bending,\nAs on through their boles the army kept wending,\n\nTill out of the wood Boy burst on a lea,\nShouting and calling, \"Come after me,\"\n\nAnd then they rose with a leafy hiss\nAnd stood as if nothing had been amiss.\n\nLittle Boy Blue sat down on a stone,\nAnd the creatures came round him every one.\n\nHe said to the clouds, \"I want you there!\"\nAnd down they sank through the thin blue air.\n\nHe said to the sunset far in the west,\n\"Come here; I want you; 'tis my behest!\"\n\nAnd the sunset came and stood up on the wold,\nAnd burned and glowed in purple and gold.\n\nThen Little Boy Blue began to ponder:\n\"What's to be done with them all, I wonder!\"\n\nHe thought a while, then he said, quite low,\n\"What to do with you all, I am sure I don't know!\"\n\nThe clouds clodded down till dismal it grew;\nThe snake sneaked close; round Birdie Brown flew;\n\nThe brook, like a cobra, rose on its tail,\nAnd the wind sank down with a _what-will-you_ wail,\n\nAnd all the creatures sat and stared;\nThe mole opened the eyes that he hadn't, and glared;\n\nAnd for rats and bats, and the world and his wife\nLittle Boy Blue was afraid of his life.\n\nThen Birdie Brown began to sing,\nAnd what he sang was the very thing:\n\n\"Little Boy Blue, you have brought us all hither:\nPray, are we to sit and grow old together?\"\n\n\"Go away; go away,\" said Little Boy Blue;\n\"I'm sure I don't want you! get away--do.\"\n\n\"No, no; no, no; no, yes, and no, no,\"\nSang Birdie Brown, \"it mustn't be so!\n\n\"If we've come for no good, we can't go away.\nGive us reason for going, or here we stay!\"\n\nThey covered the earth, they darkened the air,\nThey hovered, they sat, with a countless stare.\n\n\"If I do not give them something to do,\nThey will stare me up!\" said Little Boy Blue.\n\n\"Oh dear! oh dear!\" he began to cry,\n\"They're an awful crew, and I feel so shy!\"\n\nAll of a sudden he thought of a thing,\nAnd up he stood, and spoke like a king:\n\n\"You're the plague of my life! have done with your bother!\nOff with you all: take me back to my mother!\"\n\nThe sunset went back to the gates of the west.\n\"Follow _me_\" sang Birdie, \"I know the way best!\"\n\n\"I am going the same way as fast as I can!\"\nSaid the brook, as it sank and turned and ran.\n\nTo the wood fled the shadows, like scared black ghosts:\n\"If we stay, we shall all be missed from our posts!\"\n\nSaid the wind, with a voice that had changed its cheer,\n\"I was just going there when you brought me here!\"\n\n\"That's where I live,\" said the sack-backed squirrel,\nAnd he turned his sack with a swing and a swirl.\n\nSaid the gold weather-cock, \"I'm the churchwarden!\"\nSaid the mole, \"I live in the parson's garden!\"\n\nSaid they all, \"If that's where you want us to steer for,\nWhat on earth or in air did you bring us here for?\"\n\n\"You are none the worse!\" said Boy. \"If you won't\nDo as I tell you, why, then, don't;\n\n\"I'll leave you behind, and go home without you;\nAnd it's time I did: I begin to doubt you!\"\n\nHe jumped to his feet. The snake rose on his tail,\nAnd hissed three times, a hiss full of bale,\n\nAnd shot out his tongue at Boy Blue to scare him,\nAnd stared at him, out of his courage to stare him.\n\n\"You ugly snake,\" Little Boy Blue said,\n\"Get out of my way, or I'll break your head!\"\n\nThe snake would not move, but glared at him glum;\nBoy Blue hit him hard with the stick of his drum.\n\nThe snake fell down as if he was dead.\nLittle Boy Blue set his foot on his head.\n\n\"Hurrah!\" cried the creatures, \"hurray! hurrah!\nLittle Boy Blue, your will is a law!\"\n\nAnd away they went, marching before him,\nAnd marshalled him home with a high cockolorum.\n\nAnd Birdie Brown sang, _\"Twirrr twitter, twirrr twee!\nIn the rosiest rose-bush a rare nest!\nTwirrr twitter, twirrr twitter, twirrr twitter, twirrrrr tweeeee!\nIn the fun he has found the earnest!\"_\n\n\n\n_WILLIE'S QUESTION_.\n\nI.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nIs it wrong, the wish to be great,\n  For I do wish it so?\nI have asked already my sister Kate;\n  She says she does not know.\n\nYestereve at the gate I stood\n  Watching the sun in the west;\nWhen I saw him look so grand and good\n  It swelled up in my breast.\n\nNext from the rising moon\n  It stole like a silver dart;\nIn the night when the wind began his tune\n  It woke with a sudden start.\n\nThis morning a trumpet blast\n  Made all the cottage quake;\nIt came so sudden and shook so fast\n  It blew me wide awake.\n\nIt told me I must make haste,\n  And some great glory win,\nFor every day was running to waste,\n  And at once I must begin.\n\nI want to be great and strong,\n  I want to begin to-day;\nBut if you think it very wrong\n  I will send the wish away.\n\nII.\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nWrong to wish to be great?\n  No, Willie; it is not wrong:\nThe child who stands at the high closed gate\n  Must wish to be tall and strong!\n\nIf you did not wish to grow\n  I should be a sorry man;\nI should think my boy was dull and slow,\n  Nor worthy of his clan.\n\nYou are bound to be great, my boy:\n  Wish, and get up, and do.\nWere you content to be little, my joy\n  Would be little enough in you.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nPapa, papa! I'm so glad\n  That what I wish is right!\nI will not lose a chance to be had;\n  I'll begin this very night.\n\nI will work so hard at school!\n  I will waste no time in play;\nAt my fingers' ends I'll have every rule,\n  For knowledge is power, they say.\n\nI _would_ be a king and reign,\n  But I can't be that, and so\nField-marshal I'll be, I think, and gain\n  Sharp battles and sieges slow.\n\nI shall gallop and shout and call,\n  Waving my shining sword:\nArtillery, cavalry, infantry, all\n  Hear and obey my word.\n\nOr admiral I will be,\n  Wherever the salt wave runs,\nSailing, fighting over the sea,\n  With flashing and roaring guns.\n\nI will make myself hardy and strong;\n  I will never, never give in.\nI _am_ so glad it is not wrong!\n  At once I will begin.\n\n    _The Father speaks._\n\nFighting and shining along,\n  All for the show of the thing!\nAny puppet will mimic the grand and strong\n  If you pull the proper string!\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nBut indeed I want to _be_ great,\n  I should despise mere show;\nThe thing I want is the glory-state--\n  Above the rest, you know!\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nThe harder you run that race,\n  The farther you tread that track,\nThe greatness you fancy before your face\n  Is the farther behind your back.\n\nTo be up in the heavens afar,\n  Miles above all the rest,\nWould make a star not the greatest star,\n  Only the dreariest.\n\nThat book on the highest shelf\n  Is not the greatest book;\nIf you would be great, it must be in yourself,\n  Neither by place nor look.\n\nThe Highest is not high\n  By being higher than others;\nTo greatness you come not a step more nigh\n  By getting above your brothers.\n\nIII.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nI meant the boys at school,\n  I did not mean my brother.\nSomebody first, is there the rule--\n  It must be me or another.\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nOh, Willie, it's all the same!\n  They are your brothers all;\nFor when you say, \"Hallowed be thy name!\"\n  Whose Father is it you call?\n\nCould you pray for such rule to _him_?\n  Do you think that he would hear?\nMust he favour one in a greedy whim\n  Where all are his children dear?\n\nIt is right to get up and do,\n  But why outstrip the rest?\nWhy should one of the many be one of the few?\n  Why should _you_ think to be best?\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nThen how am I to be great?\n  I know no other way;\nIt would be folly to sit and wait,\n  I must up and do, you say!\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nI do not want you to wait,\n  For few before they die\nHave got so far as begin to be great,\n  The lesson is so high.\n\nI will tell you the only plan\n  To climb and not to fall:\nHe who would rise and be greater than\n  He is, must be servant of all.\n\nTurn it each way in your mind,\n  Try every other plan,\nYou may think yourself great, but at length you'll find\n  You are not even a man.\n\nClimb to the top of the trees,\n  Climb to the top of the hill,\nGet up on the crown of the sky if you please,\n  You'll be a small creature still.\n\nBe admiral, poet, or king,\n  Let praises fill both your ears,\nYour soul will be but a windmill thing\n  Blown round by its hopes and fears.\n\nIV.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nThen put me in the way,\n  For you, papa, are a man:\nWhat thing shall I do this very day?--\n  Only be sure I _can_.\n\nI want to know--I am willing,\n  Let me at least have a chance!\nShall I give the monkey-boy my shilling?--\n  I want to serve at once.\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nGive all your shillings you might\n  And hurt your brothers the more;\nHe only can serve his fellows aright\n  Who goes in at the little door.\n\nWe must do the thing we _must_\n  Before the thing we _may;_\nWe are unfit for any trust\n  Till we can and do obey.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nI will try more and more;\n  I have nothing now to ask;\n_Obedience_ I know is the little door:\n  Now set me some hard task.\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nNo, Willie; the father of all,\n  Teacher and master high,\nHas set your task beyond recall,\n  Nothing can set it by.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nWhat is it, father dear,\n  That he would have me do?\nI'd ask himself, but he's not near,\n  And so I must ask you!\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nMe 'tis no use to ask,\n  I too am one of his boys!\nBut he tells each boy his own plain task;\n  Listen, and hear his voice.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nFather, I'm listening _so_\n  To hear him if I may!\nHis voice must either be very low,\n  Or very far away!\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nIt is neither hard to hear,\n  Nor hard to understand;\nIt is very low, but very near,\n  A still, small, strong command.\n\n    _Willie answers._\n\nI do not hear it at all;\n  I am only hearing you!\n\n    _The Father speaks._\n\nThink: is there nothing, great or small,\n  You ought to go and do?\n\n    _Willie answers._\n\nLet me think:--I ought to feed\n  My rabbits. I went away\nIn such a hurry this morning! Indeed\n  They've not had enough to-day!\n\n    _The Father speaks._\n\nThat is his whisper low!\n  That is his very word!\nYou had only to stop and listen, and so\n  Very plainly you heard!\n\nThat duty's the little door:\n  You must open it and go in;\nThere is nothing else to do before,\n  There is nowhere else to begin.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nBut that's so easily done!\n  It's such a trifling affair!\nSo nearly over as soon as begun.\n  For that he can hardly care!\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nYou are turning from his call\n  If you let that duty wait;\nYou would not think any duty small\n  If you yourself were great.\n\nThe nearest is at life's core;\n  With the first, you all begin:\nWhat matter how little the little door\n  If it only let you in?\n\nV.\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nPapa, I am come again:\n  It is now three months and more\nThat I've tried to do the thing that was plain,\n  And I feel as small as before.\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nYour honour comes too slow?\n  How much then have you done?\nOne foot on a mole-heap, would you crow\n  As if you had reached the sun?\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nBut I cannot help a doubt\n  Whether this way be the true:\nThe more I do to work it out\n  The more there comes to do;\n\nAnd yet, were all done and past,\n  I should feel just as small,\nFor when I had tried to the very last--\n  'Twas my duty, after all!\n\nIt is only much the same\n  As not being liar or thief!\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nOne who tried it found even, with shame,\n  That of sinners he was the chief!\n\nMy boy, I am glad indeed\n  You have been finding the truth!\n\n    _Willie speaks._\n\nBut where's the good? I shall never speed--\n  Be one whit greater, in sooth!\n\nIf duty itself must fail,\n  And that be the only plan,\nHow shall my scarce begun duty prevail\n  To make me a mighty man?\n\n    _The Father answers._\n\nAh, Willie! what if it were\n  Quite another way to fall?\nWhat if the greatness itself lie there--\n  In knowing that you are small?\n\nIn seeing the good so good\n  That you feel poor, weak, and low;\nAnd hungrily long for it as for food,\n  With an endless need to grow?\n\nThe man who was lord of fate,\n  Born in an ox's stall,\nWas great because he was much too great\n  To care about greatness at all.\n\nEver and only he sought\n  The will of his Father good;\nNever of what was high he thought,\n  But of what his Father would.\n\nYou long to be great; you try;\n  You feel yourself smaller still:\nIn the name of God let ambition die;\n  Let him make you what he will.\n\nWho does the truth, is one\n  With the living Truth above:\nBe God's obedient little son,\n  Let ambition die in love.\n\n\n\n_KING COLE_.\n\nKing Cole he reigned in Aureoland,\nBut the sceptre was seldom in his hand\n\nFar oftener was there his golden cup--\nHe ate too much, but he drank all up!\n\nTo be called a king and to be a king,\nThat is one thing and another thing!\n\nSo his majesty's head began to shake,\nAnd his hands and his feet to swell and ache,\n\nThe doctors were called, but they dared not say\nYour majesty drinks too much Tokay;\n\nSo out of the king's heart died all mirth,\nAnd he thought there was nothing good on earth.\n\nThen up rose the fool, whose every word\nWas three parts wise and one part absurd.\n\nNuncle, he said, never mind the gout;\nI will make you laugh till you laugh it out.\n\nKing Cole pushed away his full gold plate:\nThe jester he opened the palace gate,\n\nBrought in a cold man, with hunger grim,\nAnd on the dais-edge seated him;\n\nThen caught up the king's own golden plate,\nAnd set it beside him: oh, how he ate!\n\nAnd the king took note, with a pleased surprise,\nThat he ate with his mouth and his cheeks and his eyes,\n\nWith his arms and his legs and his body whole,\nAnd laughed aloud from his heart and soul.\n\nThen from his lordly chair got up,\nAnd carried the man his own gold cup;\n\nThe goblet was deep and wide and full,\nThe poor man drank like a cow at a pool.\n\nSaid the king to the jester--I call it well done\nTo drink with two mouths instead of one!\n\nSaid the king to himself, as he took his seat,\nIt is quite as good to feed as to eat!\n\nIt is better, I do begin to think,\nTo give to the thirsty than to drink!\n\nAnd now I have thought of it, said the king,\nThere might be more of this kind of thing!\n\nThe fool heard. The king had not long to wait:\nThe fool cried aloud at the palace-gate;\n\nThe ragged and wretched, the hungry and thin,\nLoose in their clothes and tight in their skin,\n\nGathered in shoals till they filled the hall,\nAnd the king and the fool they fed them all;\n\nAnd as with good things their plates they piled\nThe king grew merry as a little child.\n\nOn the morrow, early, he went abroad\nAnd sought poor folk in their own abode--\n\nSought them till evening foggy and dim,\nDid not wait till they came to him;\n\nAnd every day after did what he could,\nGave them work and gave them food.\n\nThus he made war on the wintry weather,\nAnd his health and the spring came back together.\n\nBut, lo, a change had passed on the king,\nLike the change of the world in that same spring!\n\nHis face had grown noble and good to see,\nAnd the crown sat well on his majesty.\n\nNow he ate enough, and ate no more,\nHe drank about half what he drank before,\n\nHe reigned a real king in Aureoland,\nReigned with his head and his heart and his hand.\n\nAll this through the fool did come to pass.\nAnd every Christmas-eve that was,\n\nThe palace-gates stood open wide\nAnd the poor came in from every side,\n\nAnd the king rose up and served them duly,\nAnd his people loved him very truly.\n\n\n\n_SAID_ AND _DID_.\n\nSaid the boy as he read, \"I too will be bold,\n  I will fight for the truth and its glory!\"\nHe went to the playground, and soon had told\n  A very cowardly story!\n\nSaid the girl as she read, \"That was grand, I declare!\n  What a true, what a lovely, sweet soul!\"\nIn half-an-hour she went up the stair,\n  Looking as black as a coal!\n\n\"The mean little wretch, I wish I could fling\n  This book at his head!\" said another;\nThen he went and did the same ugly thing\n  To his own little trusting brother!\n\nAlas for him who sees a thing grand\n  And does not fit himself to it!\nBut the meanest act, on sea or on land,\n  Is to find a fault, and then do it!\n\n\n\n_DR. DODDRIDGE'S DOG_.\n\n\"What! you Dr. Doddridge's dog, and not know who made you?\"\n\nMy little dog, who blessed you\n  With such white toothy-pegs?\nAnd who was it that dressed you\n  In such a lot of legs?\n\nPerhaps he never told you!\n  Perhaps you know quite well,\nAnd beg me not to scold you\n  For you can't speak to tell!\n\nI'll tell you, little brother,\n  In case you do not know:--\nOne only, not another,\n  Could make us two just so.\n\nYou love me?--Quiet!--I'm proving!--\n  It must be God above\nThat filled those eyes with loving:\n  He was the first to love!\n\nOne day he'll stop all sadness--\n  Hark to the nightingale!\nOh blessed God of gladness!--\n  Come, doggie, wag your tail!\n\nThat's--Thank you, God!--He gave you\n  Of life this little taste;\nAnd with more life he'll save you,\n  Not let you go to waste!\n\nHe says now, Live together,\n  And share your bite and sup;\nAnd then he'll say, Come hither--\n  And lift us both high up.\n\n\n\n_THE GIRL THAT LOST THINGS_.\n\nThere was a girl that lost things--\n  Nor only from her hand;\nShe lost, indeed--why, most things,\n  As if they had been sand!\n\nShe said, \"But I must use them,\n  And can't look after all!\nIndeed I did not lose them,\n  I only let them fall!\"\n\nThat's how she lost her thimble,\n  It fell upon the floor:\nHer eyes were very nimble\n  But she never saw it more.\n\nAnd then she lost her dolly,\n  Her very doll of all!\nThat loss was far from jolly,\n  But worse things did befall.\n\nShe lost a ring of pearls\n  With a ruby in them set;\nBut the dearest girl of girls\n  Cried only, did not fret.\n\nAnd then she lost her robin;\n  Ah, that was sorrow dire!\nHe hopped along, and--bob in--\n  Hopped bob into the fire!\n\nAnd once she lost a kiss\n  As she came down the stair;\nBut that she did not miss,\n  For sure it was somewhere!\n\nJust then she lost her heart too,\n  But did so well without it\nShe took that in good part too,\n  And said--not much about it.\n\nBut when she lost her health\n  She did feel rather poor,\nTill in came loads of wealth\n  By quite another door!\n\nAnd soon she lost a dimple\n  That was upon her cheek,\nBut that was very simple--\n  She was so thin and weak!\n\nAnd then she lost her mother,\n  And thought that she was dead;\nSure there was not another\n  On whom to lay her head!\n\nAnd then she lost her self--\n  But that she threw away;\nAnd God upon his shelf\n  It carefully did lay.\n\nAnd then she lost her sight,\n  And lost all hope to find it;\nBut a fountain-well of light\n  Came flashing up behind it.\n\nAt last she lost the world:\n  In a black and stormy wind\nAway from her it whirled--\n  But the loss how could she mind?\n\nFor with it she lost her losses,\n  Her aching and her weeping,\nHer pains and griefs and crosses,\n  And all things not worth keeping;\n\nIt left her with the lost things\n  Her heart had still been craving;\n'<DW41> them she found--why, most things,\n  And all things worth the saving.\n\nShe found her precious mother,\n  Who not the least had died;\nAnd then she found that other\n  Whose heart had hers inside.\n\nAnd next she found the kiss\n  She lost upon the stair;\n'Twas sweeter far, I guess,\n  For ripening in that air.\n\nShe found her self, all mended,\n  New-drest, and strong, and white;\nShe found her health, new-blended\n  With a radiant delight.\n\nShe found her little robin:\n  He made his wings go flap,\nCame fluttering, and went bob in,\n  Went bob into her lap.\n\nSo, girls that cannot keep things,\n  Be patient till to-morrow;\nAnd mind you don't beweep things\n  That are not worth such sorrow;\n\nFor the Father great of fathers,\n  Of mothers, girls, and boys,\nIn his arms his children gathers,\n  And sees to all their toys.\n\n\n\n_A MAKE-BELIEVE_.\n\nI will think as thinks the rabbit:--\n\n   Oh, delight\n   In the night\n   When the moon\n   Sets the tune\n   To the woods!\n   And the broods\n   All run out,\n   Frisk about,\n   Go and come,\n   Beat the drum--\n   Here in groups,\n   There in troops!\n   Now there's one!\n   Now it's gone!\n   There are none!\nAnd now they are dancing like chaff!\nI look, and I laugh,\nBut sit by my door, and keep to my habit--\nA wise, respectable, clean-furred old rabbit!\n\n   Now I'm going,\n      Business calls me out--\n   Going, going,\n   Very knowing,\n      Slow, long-heeled, and stout,\n      Loping, lumbering,\n   Nipping, numbering,\n   Head on this side and on that,\n   Along the pathway footed flat,\n   Through the meadow, through the heather,\n   Through the rich dusky weather--\n      Big stars and little moon!\n\n  Dews are lighting down in crowds,\n  Odours rising in thin clouds,\n    Night has all her chords in tune--\n  The very night for us, God's rabbits,\n  Suiting all our little habits!\nWind not loud, but playful with our fur,\nJust a cool, a sweet, a gentle stir!\nAnd all the way not one rough bur,\nBut the dewiest, freshest grasses,\nThat whisper thanks to every foot that passes!\n\n  I, the king the rest call Mappy,\n  Canter on, composed and happy,\n  Till I come where there is plenty\n  For a varied meal and dainty.\n  Is it cabbage, I grab it;\n  Is it parsley, I nab it;\n  Is it carrot, I mar it;\n  The turnip I turn up\n  And hollow and swallow;\n  A lettuce? Let us eat it!\n  A beetroot? Let's beat it!\n  If you are juicy,\n  Sweet sir, I will use you!\n  For all kinds of corn-crop\n  I have a born crop!\n  Are you a green top?\n  You shall be gleaned up!\n  Sucking and feazing,\n  Crushing and squeezing\n  All that is feathery,\n  Crisp, not leathery,\n  Juicy and bruisy--\n  All comes proper\n  To my little hopper\n  Still on the dance,\n    Driven by hunger and drouth!\n\nAll is welcome to my crunching,\nFinding, grinding,\nMilling, munching,\nGobbling, lunching,\nFore-toothed, three-lipped mouth--\nEating side way, round way, flat way,\nEating this way, eating that way,\nEvery way at once!\n\nHark to the rain!--\nPattering, clattering,\nThe cabbage leaves battering,\nDown it comes amain!--\nHome we hurry\nHop and scurry,\nAnd in with a flurry!\nHustling, jostling\nOut of the airy land\nInto the dry warm sand;\nOur family white tails,\nThe last of our vitals,\nFollowing hard with a whisk to them,\nAnd with a great sense of risk to them!\n\nHear to it pouring!\nHear the thunder roaring\nFar off and up high,\nWhile we all lie\nSo warm and so dry\nIn the mellow dark,\nWhere never a spark,\nWhite or rosy or blue,\nOf the sheeting, fleeting,\nForking, frightening,\nLashing lightning\nEver can come through!\n\nLet the wind chafe\nIn the trees overhead,\nWe are quite safe\nIn our dark, yellow bed!\nLet the rain pour!\nIt never can bore\nA hole in our roof--\nIt is waterproof!\nSo is the cloak\nWe always carry,\nWe furry folk,\nIn sandhole or quarry!\nIt is perfect bliss\nTo lie in a nest\nSo soft as this,\nAll so warmly drest!\nNo one to flurry you!\nNo one to hurry you!\nNo one to scurry you!\nHoles plenty to creep in!\nAll day to sleep in!\nAll night to roam in!\nGray dawn to run home in!\nAnd all the days and nights to come after--\nAll the to-morrows for hind-legs and laughter!\n\nNow the rain is over,\nWe are out again,\nEvery merry, leaping rover,\nOn his right leg and his wrong leg,\nOn his doubled, shortened long leg,\nFloundering amain!\nOh, it is merry\nAnd jolly--yes, very!\n\nBut what--what is that?\nWhat can he be at?\nIs it a cat?\nAh, my poor little brother,\nHe's caught in the trap\nThat goes-to with a snap!\nAh me! there was never,\nNor will be for ever--\nThere was never such another,\nSuch a funny, funny bunny,\nSuch a frisking, such a whisking,\nSuch a frolicking brother!\nHe's screeching, beseeching!\nThey're going to--\n\nAh, my poor foot,\nIt is caught in a root!\nNo, no! 'tis a trap\nThat goes-to with a snap!\nAh me, I'm forsaken!\nAh me, I am taken!\nI am screeching, beseeching!\nThey are going to--\n\nNo more! no more! I must stop this play,\nBe a boy again, and kneel down and pray\nTo the God of sparrows and rabbits and men,\nWho never lets any one out of his ken--\nIt must be so, though it be bewild'ring--\nTo save his dear beasts from his cruel children!\n\n\n\n_THE CHRISTMAS CHILD_.\n\n\"Little one, who straight hast come\nDown the heavenly stair,\nTell us all about your home,\nAnd the father there.\"\n\n\"He is such a one as I,\nLike as like can be.\nDo his will, and, by and by,\nHome and him you'll see.\"\n\n\n\n_A CHRISTMAS PRAYER_.\n\nLoving looks the large-eyed cow,\nLoving stares the long-eared ass\nAt Heaven's glory in the grass!\nChild, with added human birth\nCome to bring the child of earth\nGlad repentance, tearful mirth,\nAnd a seat beside the hearth\nAt the Father's knee--\nMake us peaceful as thy cow;\nMake us patient as thine ass;\nMake us quiet as thou art now;\nMake us strong as thou wilt be.\nMake us always know and see\nWe are his as well as thou.\n\n\n\n_NO END OF NO-STORY_.\n\nThere is a river\nwhose waters run asleep\nrun run ever\nsinging in the shallows\ndumb in the hollows\nsleeping so deep\nand all the swallows\nthat dip their feathers\nin the hollows\nor in the shallows\nare the merriest swallows\nand the nests they make\nwith the clay they cake\nwith the water they shake\nfrom their wings that rake\nthe water out of the shallows\nor out of the hollows\nwill hold together\nin any weather\nand the swallows\nare the merriest fellows\nand have the merriest children\nand are built very narrow\nlike the head of an arrow\nto cut the air\nand go just where\nthe nicest water is flowing\nand the nicest dust is blowing\nand each so narrow\nlike the head of an arrow\nis a wonderful barrow\nto carry the mud he makes\nfor his children's sakes\nfrom the wet water flowing\nand the dry dust blowing\nto build his nest\nfor her he loves best\nand the wind cakes it\nthe sun bakes it\ninto a nest\nfor the rest\nof her he loves best\nand all their merry children\neach little fellow\nwith a beak as yellow\nas the buttercups growing\nbeside the flowing\nof the singing river\nalways and ever\ngrowing and blowing\nas fast as the sheep\nawake or asleep\ncrop them and crop\nand cannot stop\ntheir yellowness blowing\nnor yet the growing\nof the obstinate daisies\nthe little white praises\nthey grow and they blow\nthey spread out their crown\nand they praise the sun\nand when he goes down\ntheir praising is done\nthey fold up their crown\nand sleep every one\ntill over the plain\nhe is shining amain\nand they're at it again\npraising and praising\nsuch low songs raising\nthat no one can hear them\nbut the sun so near them\nand the sheep that bite them\nbut do not fright them\nare the quietest sheep\nawake or asleep\nwith the merriest bleat\nand the little lambs\nare the merriest lambs\nforgetting to eat\nfor the frolic in their feet\nand the lambs and their dams\nare the whitest sheep\nwith the woolliest wool\nfor the swallow to pull\nwhen he makes his nest\nfor her he loves best\nand they shine like snow\nin the grasses that grow\nby the singing river\nthat sings for ever\nand the sheep and the lambs\nare merry for ever\nbecause the river\nsings and they drink it\nand the lambs and their dams\nwould any one think it\nare bright and white\nbecause of their diet\nwhich gladdens them quiet\nfor what they bite\nis buttercups yellow\nand daisies white\nand grass as green\nas the river can make it\nwith wind as mellow\nto kiss it and shake it\nas never was known\nbut here in the hollows\nbeside the river\nwhere all the swallows\nare the merriest fellows\nand the nests they make\nwith the clay they cake\nin the sunshine bake\ntill they are like bone\nand as dry in the wind\nas a marble stone\ndried in the wind\nthe sweetest wind\nthat blows by the river\nflowing for ever\nand who shall find\nwhence comes the wind\nthat blows on the hollows\nand over the shallows\nwhere dip the swallows\nand comes and goes\nand the sweet life blows\ninto the river\nthat sings as it flows\nand the sweet life blows\ninto the sheep\nawake or asleep\nwith the woolliest wool\nand the trailingest tails\nand never fails\ngentle and cool\nto wave the wool\nand to toss the grass\nas the lambs and the sheep\nover it pass\nand tug and bite\nwith their teeth so white\nand then with the sweep\nof their trailing tails\nsmooth it again\nand it grows amain\nand amain it grows\nand the wind that blows\ntosses the swallows\nover the hollows\nand over the shallows\nand blows the sweet life\nand the joy so rife\ninto the swallows\nthat skim the shallows\nand have the yellowest children\nand the wind that blows\nis the life of the river\nthat flows for ever\nand washes the grasses\nstill as it passes\nand feeds the daisies\nthe little white praises\nand buttercups sunny\nwith butter and honey\nthat whiten the sheep\nawake or asleep\nthat nibble and bite\nand grow whiter than white\nand merry and quiet\non such good diet\nwatered by the river\nand tossed for ever\nby the wind that tosses\nthe wool and the grasses\nand the swallow that crosses\nwith all the swallows\nover the shallows\ndipping their wings\nto gather the water\nand bake the cake\nfor the wind to make\nas hard as a bone\nand as dry as a stone\nand who shall find\nwhence comes the wind\nthat blows from behind\nand ripples the river\nthat flows for ever\nand still as it passes\nwaves the grasses\nand cools the daisies\nthe white sun praises\nthat feed the sheep\nawake or asleep\nand give them their wool\nfor the swallows to pull\na little away\nto mix with the clay\nthat cakes to a nest\nfor those they love best\nand all the yellow children\nsoon to go trying\ntheir wings at the flying\nover the hollows\nand over the shallows\nwith all the swallows\nthat do not know\nwhence the wind doth blow\nthat comes from behind\na blowing wind.\n\n\n\n\n    A THREEFOLD CORD:\n\n    Poems by Three Friends.\n\n\nTO\n\nGREVILLE MATHESON MACDONALD.\n\nFirst, most, to thee, my son, I give this book\n  In which a friend's and brother's verses blend\n  With mine; for not son only--brother, friend,\nArt thou, through sonship which no veil can brook\nBetween the eyes that in each other look,\n  Or any shadow 'twixt the hearts that tend\n  Still nearer, with divine approach, to end\nIn love eternal that cannot be shook\n  When all the shakable shall cease to be.\n    With growing hope I greet the coming day\nWhen from thy journey done I welcome thee\nWho sharest in the names of all the three,\n  And take thee to the two, and humbly say,\n  _Let this man be the fourth with us, I pray._\n\nCASA CORAGGIO:\n_May, 1883._\n\n\n\n\n    A THREEFOLD CHORD.\n\n\n\n_THE HAUNTED HOUSE_:\n\n_Suggested by a drawing of Thomas Moran, the American painter._\n\nThis must be the very night!\nThe moon knows it!--and the trees!\nThey stand straight upright,\nEach a sentinel drawn up,\nAs if they dared not know\nWhich way the wind might blow!\nThe very pool, with dead gray eye,\nDully expectant, feels it nigh,\nAnd begins to curdle and freeze!\nAnd the dark night,\nWith its fringe of light,\nHolds the secret in its cup!\n\nII. What can it be, to make\nThe poplars cease to shiver and shake,\nAnd up in the dismal air\nStand straight and stiff as the human hair\nWhen the human soul is dizzy with dread--\nAll but those two that strain\nAside in a frenzy of speechless pain,\nThough never a wind sends out a breath\nTo tunnel the foggy rheum of death?\nWhat can it be has power to scare\nThe full-grown moon to the idiot stare\nOf a blasted eye in the midnight air?\nSomething has gone wrong;\nA scream will come tearing out ere long!\n\nIII. Still as death,\nAlthough I listen with bated breath!\nYet something is coming, I know--is coming!\nWith an inward soundless humming\nSomewhere in me, or if in the air\nI cannot tell, but it is there!\nMarching on to an unheard drumming\nSomething is coming--coming--\nGrowing and coming!\nAnd the moon is aware,\nAghast in the air\nAt the thing that is only coming\nWith an inward soundless humming\nAnd an unheard spectral drumming!\n\nIV. Nothing to see and nothing to hear!\nOnly across the inner sky\nThe wing of a shadowy thought flits by,\nVague and featureless, faceless, drear--\nOnly a thinness to catch the eye:\nIs it a dim foreboding unborn,\nOr a buried memory, wasted and worn\nAs the fading frost of a wintry sigh?\nAnon I shall have it!--anon!--it draws nigh!\nA night when--a something it was took place\nThat drove the blood from that scared moon-face!\nHark! was that the cry of a goat,\nOr the gurgle of water in a throat?\nHush! there is nothing to see or hear,\nOnly a silent something is near;\nNo knock, no footsteps three or four,\nOnly a presence outside the door!\nSee! the moon is remembering!--what?\nThe wail of a mother-left, lie-alone brat?\nOr a raven sharpening its beak to peck?\nOr a cold blue knife and a warm white neck?\nOr only a heart that burst and ceased\nFor a man that went away released?\nI know not--know not, but something is coming\nSomehow back with an inward humming!\n\nV. Ha! look there! look at that house,\nForsaken of all things, beetle and mouse!\nMark how it looks! It must have a soul!\nIt looks, it looks, though it cannot stir!\nSee the ribs of it, how they stare!\nIts blind eyes yet have a seeing air!\nIt _knows_ it has a soul!\nHaggard it hangs o'er the slimy pool,\nAnd gapes wide open as corpses gape:\nIt is the very murderer!\nThe ghost has modelled himself to the shape\nOf this drear house all sodden with woe\nWhere the deed was done, long, long ago,\nAnd filled with himself his new body full--\nTo haunt for ever his ghastly crime,\nAnd see it come and go--\nBrooding around it like motionless time,\nWith a mouth that gapes, and eyes that yawn\nBlear and blintering and full of the moon,\nLike one aghast at a hellish dawn!--\nThe deed! the deed! it is coming soon!\n\nVI. For, ever and always, when round the tune\nGrinds on the barrel of organ-Time,\nThe deed is done. And it comes anon:\nTrue to the roll of the clock-faced moon,\nTrue to the ring of the spheric chime,\nTrue to the cosmic rhythm and rime,\nEvery point, as it first fell out,\nWill come and go in the fearsome bout.\nSee! palsied with horror from garret to core,\nThe house cannot shut its gaping door;\nIts burst eye stares as if trying to see,\nAnd it leans as if settling heavily,\nSettling heavy with sickness dull:\n_It_ also is hearing the soundless humming\nOf the wheel that is turning--the thing that is coming!\nOn the naked rafters of its brain,\nGaunt and wintred, see the train\nOf gossiping, scandal-mongering crows\nThat watch, all silent, with necks a-strain,\nWickedly knowing, with heads awry\nAnd the sharpened gleam of a cunning eye--\nWatch, through the cracks of the ruined skull,\nHow the evil business goes!--\nBeyond the eyes of the cherubim,\nBeyond the ears of the seraphim,\nOutside, forsaken, in the dim\nPhantom-haunted chaos grim\nHe stands, with the deed going on in him!\n\nVII. O winds, winds, that lurk and peep\nUnder the edge of the moony fringe!\nO winds, winds, up and sweep,\nUp and blow and billow the air,\nBillow the air with blow and swinge,\nRend me this ghastly house of groans!\nRend and scatter the skeleton's bones\nOver the deserts and mountains bare!\nBlast and hurl and shiver aside\nNailed sticks and mortared stones!\nClear the phantom, with torrent and tide,\nOut of the moon and out of my brain,\nThat the light may fall shadowless in again!\n\nVIII. But, alas, then the ghost\nO'er mountain and coast\nWould go roaming, roaming! and never was swine\nThat, grubbing and talking with snork and whine\nOn Gadarene mountains, had taken him in\nBut would rush to the lake to unhouse the sin!\nFor any charnel\nThis ghost is too carnal;\nThere is no volcano, burnt out and cold,\nWhose very ashes are gray and old,\nBut would cast him forth in reviving flame\nTo blister the sky with a smudge of shame!\n\nIX. Is there no help? none anywhere\nUnder the earth or above the air?--\nCome, sad woman, whose tender throat\nHas a red-lipped mouth that can sing no note!\nChild, whose midwife, the third grim Fate,\nShears in hand, thy coming did wait!\nFather, with blood-bedabbled hair!\nMother, all withered with love's despair!\nCome, broken heart, whatever thou be,\nHasten to help this misery!\nThou wast only murdered, or left forlorn:\nHe is a horror, a hate, a scorn!\nCome, if out of the holiest blue\nThat the sapphire throne shines through;\nFor pity come, though thy fair feet stand\nNext to the elder-band;\nFling thy harp on the hyaline,\nHurry thee down the spheres divine;\nCome, and drive those ravens away;\nCover his eyes from the pitiless moon,\nShadow his brain from her stinging spray;\nDroop around him, a tent of love,\nAn odour of grace, a fanning dove;\nWalk through the house with the healing tune\nOf gentle footsteps; banish the shape\nRemorse calls up thyself to ape;\nComfort him, dear, with pardon sweet;\nCool his heart from its burning heat\nWith the water of life that laves the feet\nOf the throne of God, and the holy street!\n\nX. O God, he is but a living blot,\nYet he lives by thee--for if thou wast not,\nThey would vanish together, self-forgot,\nHe and his crime:--one breathing blown\nFrom thy spirit on his would all atone,\nScatter the horror, and bring relief\nIn an amber dawn of holy grief!\nGod, give him sorrow; arise from within,\nHis primal being, deeper than sin!\n\nXI. Why do I tremble, a creature at bay?\n'Tis but a dream--I drive it away.\nBack comes my breath, and my heart again\nPumps the red blood to my fainting brain\nReleased from the nightmare's nine-fold train:\nGod is in heaven--yes, everywhere,\nAnd Love, the all-shining, will kill Despair!--\nTo the wall's blank eyeless space\nI turn the picture's face.\n\nXII. But why is the moon so bare, up there?\nAnd why is she so white?\nAnd why does the moon so stare, up there--\nStrangely stare, out of the night?\nWhy stand up the poplars\nThat still way?\nAnd why do those two of them\nStart astray?\nAnd out of the black why hangs the gray?\nWhy does it hang down so, I say,\nOver that house, like a fringed pall\nWhere the dead goes by in a funeral?--\nSoul of mine,\nThou the reason canst divine:\nInto _thee_ the moon doth stare\nWith pallid, terror-smitten air!\nThou, and the Horror lonely-stark,\nOutcast of eternal dark,\nAre in nature same and one,\nAnd _thy_ story is not done!\nSo let the picture face thee from the wall,\nAnd let its white moon stare!\n\n\n\n_IN THE WINTER_.\n\nIn the winter, flowers are springing;\nIn the winter, woods are green,\nWhere our banished birds are singing,\nWhere our summer sun is seen!\nOur cold midnights are coeval\nWith an evening and a morn\nWhere the forest-gods hold revel,\nAnd the spring is newly born!\n\nWhile the earth is full of fighting,\nWhile men rise and curse their day,\nWhile the foolish strong are smiting,\nAnd the foolish weak betray--\nThe true hearts beyond are growing,\nThe brave spirits work alone,\nWhere Love's summer-wind is blowing\nIn a truth-irradiate zone!\n\nWhile we cannot shape our living\nTo the beauty of our skies,\nWhile man wants and earth is giving--\nNature calls and man denies--\nHow the old worlds round Him gather\nWhere their Maker is their sun!\nHow the children know the Father\nWhere the will of God is done!\n\nDaily woven with our story,\nSounding far above our strife,\nIs a time-enclosing glory,\nIs a space-absorbing life.\nWe can dream no dream Elysian,\nThere is no good thing might be,\nBut some angel has the vision,\nBut some human soul shall see!\n\nIs thy strait horizon dreary?\nIs thy foolish fancy chill?\nChange the feet that have grown weary\nFor the wings that never will.\nBurst the flesh, and live the spirit;\nHaunt the beautiful and far;\nThou hast all things to inherit,\nAnd a soul for every star.\n\n\n\n_CHRISTMAS-DAY, 1878_.\n\nI think I might be weary of this day\nThat comes inevitably every year,\nThe same when I was young and strong and gay,\nThe same when I am old and growing sere--\nI should grow weary of it every year\nBut that thou comest to me every day.\n\nI shall grow weary if thou every day\nBut come to me, Lord of eternal life;\nI shall grow weary thus to watch and pray,\nFor ever out of labour into strife;\nTake everlasting house with me, my life,\nAnd I shall be new-born this Christmas-day.\n\nThou art the Eternal Son, and born no day,\nBut ever he the Father, thou the Son;\nI am his child, but being born alway--\nHow long, O Lord, how long till it be done?\nBe thou from endless years to years the Son--\nAnd I thy brother, new-born every day.\n\n\n\n_THE NEW YEAR_.\n\nBe welcome, year! with corn and sickle come;\n  Make poor the body, but make rich the heart:\nWhat man that bears his sheaves, gold-nodding, home,\n  Will heed the paint rubbed from his groaning cart!\n\nNor leave behind thy fears and holy shames,\n  Thy sorrows on the horizon hanging low--\nGray gathered fuel for the sunset-flames\n  When joyous in death's harvest-home we go.\n\n\n\n_TWO RONDELS_.\n\nI.\n\nWhen, in the mid-sea of the night,\n  I waken at thy call, O Lord,\n  The first that troop my bark aboard\nAre darksome imps that hate the light,\nWhose tongues are arrows, eyes a blight--\n  Of wraths and cares a pirate horde--\nThough on the mid-sea of the night\n  It was thy call that waked me, Lord.\n\nThen I must to my arms and fight--\n  Catch up my shield and two-edged sword,\n  The words of him who is thy word--\nNor cease till they are put to flight;\nThen in the mid-sea of the night\n  I turn and listen for thee, Lord.\n\nII.\n\nThere comes no voice from thee, O Lord,\n  Across the mid-sea of the night!\n  I lift my voice and cry with might:\nIf thou keep silent, soon a horde\nOf imps again will swarm aboard,\n  And I shall be in sorry plight\nIf no voice come from thee, my Lord,\nAcross the mid-sea of the night.\n\nThere comes no voice; I hear no word!\n  But in my soul dawns something bright:--\n  There is no sea, no foe to fight!\nThy heart and mine beat one accord:\nI need no voice from thee, O Lord,\n  Across the mid-sea of the night.\n\n\n\n_RONDEL_.\n\nHeart, thou must learn to do without--\n  That is the riches of the poor,\n  Their liberty is to endure;\nWrap thou thine old cloak thee about,\nAnd carol loud and carol stout;\n  Let thy rags fly, nor wish them fewer;\nThou too must learn to do without,\n  Must earn the riches of the poor!\n\nWhy should'st thou only wear no clout?\n  Thou only walk in love-robes pure?\n  Why should thy step alone be sure?\nThou only free of fortune's flout?\nNay, nay! but learn to go without,\n  And so be humbly, richly poor.\n\n\n\n_SONG_.\n\nLighter and sweeter\n  Let your song be;\nAnd for sorrow--oh cheat her\n  With melody!\n\n\n\n_SMOKE_.\n\nLord, I have laid my heart upon thy altar\n  But cannot get the wood to burn;\nIt hardly flares ere it begins to falter\n  And to the dark return.\n\nOld sap, or night-fallen dew, makes damp the fuel;\n  In vain my breath would flame provoke;\nYet see--at every poor attempt's renewal\n  To thee ascends the smoke!\n\n'Tis all I have--smoke, failure, foiled endeavour,\n  Coldness and doubt and palsied lack:\nSuch as I have I send thee!--perfect Giver,\n  Send thou thy lightning back.\n\n\n\n_TO A CERTAIN CRITIC_.\n\nSuch guests as you, sir, were not in my mind\nWhen I my homely dish with care designed;\n'Twas certain humble souls I would have fed\nWho do not turn from wholesome milk and bread:\nYou came, slow-trotting on the narrow way,\nO'erturned the food, and trod it in the clay;\nThen low with discoid nostrils sniffing curt,\nCried, \"Sorry cook! why, what a mess of dirt!\"\n\n\n\n_SONG_.\n\nShe loves thee, loves thee not!\nThat, that is all, my heart.\nWhy should she take a part\nIn every selfish blot,\nIn every greedy spot\nThat now doth ache and smart\nBecause she loves thee not--\nNot, not at all, poor heart!\n\nThou art no such dove-cot\nOf virtues--no such chart\nOf highways, though the dart\nOf love be through thee shot!\nWhy should she not love not\nThee, poor, pinched, selfish heart?\n\n\n\n_A CRY_.\n\nLord, hear my discontent: all blank I stand,\nA mirror polished by thy hand;\nThy sun's beams flash and flame from me--\nI cannot help it: here I stand, there he!\nTo one of them I cannot say,\nGo, and on yonder water play;\nNor one poor ragged daisy can I fashion--\nI do not make the words of this my limping passion!\nIf I should say, Now I will think a thought,\nLo, I must wait, unknowing\nWhat thought in me is growing,\nUntil the thing to birth be brought!\nNor know I then what next will come\nFrom out the gulf of silence dumb:\nI am the door the thing will find\nTo pass into the general mind!\nI cannot say _I think_--\nI only stand upon the thought-well's brink:\nFrom darkness to the sun the water bubbles up--\nlift it in my cup.\nThou only thinkest--I am thought;\nMe and my thought thou thinkest. Nought\nAm I but as a fountain spout\nFrom which thy water welleth out.\nThou art the only one, the all in all.--\nYet when my soul on thee doth call\nAnd thou dost answer out of everywhere,\nI in thy allness have my perfect share.\n\n\n\n_FROM HOME_.\n\nSome men there are who cannot spare\n  A single tear until they feel\n  The last cold pressure, and the heel\nIs stamped upon the outmost layer.\n\nAnd, waking, some will sigh to think\n  The clouds have borrowed winter's wing,\n  Sad winter, when the grasses spring\nNo more about the fountain's brink.\n\nAnd some would call me coward fool:\n  I lay a claim to better blood,\n  But yet a heap of idle mud\nHath power to make me sorrowful.\n\n\n\n_TO MY MOTHER EARTH_.\n\n0 Earth, Earth, Earth,\n  I am dying for love of thee,\nFor thou hast given me birth,\n  And thy hands have tended me.\n\nI would fall asleep on thy breast\n  When its swelling folds are bare,\nWhen the thrush dreams of its nest\n  And the life of its joy in the air;\n\nWhen thy life is a vanished ghost,\n  And the glory hath left thy waves,\nWhen thine eye is blind with frost,\n  And the fog sits on the graves;\n\nWhen the blasts are shivering about,\n  And the rain thy branches beats,\nWhen the damps of death are out,\n  And the mourners are in the streets.\n\nOh my sleep should be deep\n  In the arms of thy swiftening motion,\nAnd my dirge the mystic sweep\n  Of the winds that nurse the ocean.\n\nAnd my eye would slowly ope\n  With the voice that awakens thee,\nAnd runs like a glance of hope\n  Up through the quickening tree;\n\nWhen the roots of the lonely fir\n  Are dipt in thy veining heat,\nAnd thy countless atoms stir\n  With the gather of mossy feet;\n\nWhen the sun's great censer swings\n  In the hands that always be,\nAnd the mists from thy watery rings\n  Go up like dust from the sea;\n\nWhen the midnight airs are assembling\n  With a gush in thy whispering halls,\nAnd the leafy air is trembling\n  Like a stream before it falls.\n\nThy shadowy hand hath found me\n  On the drifts of the Godhead's will,\nAnd thy dust hath risen around me\n  With a life that guards me still.\n\nO Earth! I have caught from thine\n  The pulse of a mystic chase;\nO Earth! I have drunk like wine\n  The life of thy swiftening race.\n\nWilt miss me, mother sweet,\n  A life in thy milky veins?\nWilt miss the sound of my feet\n  In the tramp that shakes thy plains\n\nWhen the jaws of darkness rend,\n  And the vapours fold away,\nAnd the sounds of life ascend\n  Like dust in the blinding day?\n\nI would know thy silver strain\n  In the shouts of the starry crowd\nWhen the souls of thy changing men\n  Rise up like an incense cloud.\n\nI would know thy brightening lobes\n  And the lap of thy watery bars\nThough space were choked with globes\n  And the night were blind with stars!\n\nFrom the folds of my unknown place,\n  When my soul is glad and free,\nI will slide by my God's sweet grace\n  And hang like a cloud on thee.\n\nWhen the pale moon sits at night\n  By the brink of her shining well,\nLaving the rings of her widening light\n  On the <DW72>s of the weltering swell,\n\nI will fall like a wind from the west\n  On the locks of thy prancing streams,\nAnd sow the fields of thy rest\n With handfuls of sweet young dreams.\n\nWhen the sound of thy children's cry\n  Hath stricken thy gladness dumb,\nI will kindle thine upward eye\n  With a laugh from the years that come.\n\nFar above where the loud wind raves,\n  On a wing as still as snow\nI will watch the grind of the curly waves\n  As they bite the coasts below;\n\nWhen the shining ranks of the frost\n  Draw down on the glistening wold\nIn the mail of a fairy host,\n  And the earth is mossed with cold,\n\nTill the plates that shine about\n  Close up with a filmy din,\nTill the air is frozen out,\n  And the stars are frozen in.\n\nI will often stoop to range\n  On the fields where my youth was spent,\nAnd my feet shall smite the cliffs of change\n  With the rush of a steep descent;\n\nAnd my glowing soul shall burn\n  With a love that knows no pall,\nAnd my eye of worship turn\n  Upon him that fashioned all--\n\nWhen the sounding waves of strife\n  Have died on the Godhead's sea,\nAnd thy life is a purer life\n  That nurses a life in me.\n\n\n\n_THY HEART_.\n\nMake not of thy heart a casket,\nOpening seldom, quick to close;\nBut of bread a wide-mouthed basket,\nOr a cup that overflows.\n\n\n\n_0 LORD, HOW HAPPY!_\n\n_From the German of Dessler._\n\nO Lord, how happy is the time\n  When in thy love I rest!\nWhen from my weariness I climb\n  Even to thy tender breast!\nThe night of sorrow endeth there--\n  Thou art brighter than the sun;\nAnd in thy pardon and thy care\n  The heaven of heaven is won.\n\nLet the world call herself my foe,\n  Or let the world allure--\nI care not for the world; I go\n  To this dear friend and sure.\nAnd when life's fiercest storms are sent\n  Upon life's wildest sea,\nMy little bark is confident\n  Because it holds by thee.\n\nWhen the law threatens endless death\n  Upon the dreadful hill,\nStraightway from her consuming breath\n  My soul goeth higher still--\nGoeth to Jesus, wounded, slain,\n  And maketh him her home,\nWhence she will not go out again,\n  And where death cannot come.\n\nI do not fear the wilderness\n  Where thou hast been before;\nNay rather will I daily press\n  After thee, near thee, more!\nThou art my food; on thee I lean,\n  Thou makest my heart sing;\nAnd to thy heavenly pastures green\n  All thy dear flock dost bring.\n\nAnd if the gate that opens there\n  Be dark to other men,\nIt is not dark to those who share\n  The heart of Jesus then:\nThat is not losing much of life\n  Which is not losing thee,\nWho art as present in the strife\n  As in the victory.\n\nTherefore how happy is the time\n  When in thy love I rest!\nWhen from my weariness I climb\n  Even to thy tender breast!\nThe night of sorrow endeth there--\n  Thou art brighter than the sun!\nAnd in thy pardon and thy care\n  The heaven of heaven is won!\n\n\n\n_NO SIGN_.\n\nO Lord, if on the wind, at cool of day,\n  I heard one whispered word of mighty grace;\nIf through the darkness, as in bed I lay,\n  But once had come a hand upon my face;\n\nIf but one sign that might not be mistook\n  Had ever been, since first thy face I sought,\nI should not now be doubting o'er a book,\n  But serving thee with burning heart and thought.\n\nSo dreams that heart. But to my heart I say,\n  Turning my face to front the dark and wind:\nSuch signs had only barred anew his way\n  Into thee, longing heart, thee, wildered mind.\n\nThey asked the very Way, where lies the way?\n  The very Son, where is the Father's face?\nHow he could show himself, if not in clay,\n  Who was the lord of spirit, form, and space!\n\nMy being, Lord, will nevermore be whole\n  Until thou come behind mine ears and eyes,\nEnter and fill the temple of my soul\n  With perfect contact--such a sweet surprise,\n\nSuch presence as, before it met the view,\n  The prophet-fancy could not once foresee,\nThough every corner of the temple knew\n  By very emptiness its need of thee.\n\nWhen I keep _all_ thy words, no favoured some,\n  Heedless of worldly winds or judgment's tide,\nThen, Jesus, thou wilt with thy father come--\n  Oh, ended prayers!--and in my soul abide.\n\nAh, long delay! ah, cunning, creeping sin!\n  I shall but fail, and cease at length to try:\nO Jesus, though thou wilt not yet come in,\n  Knock at my window as thou passest by!\n\n\n\n_NOVEMBER, 1851_.\n\n  What dost thou here, O soul,\nBeyond thy own control,\nUnder the strange wild sky?\n0 stars, reach down your hands,\nAnd clasp me in your silver bands,\nI tremble with this mystery!--\nFlung hither by a chance\nOf restless circumstance,\nThou art but here, and wast not sent;\nYet once more mayest thou draw\nBy thy own mystic law\nTo the centre of thy wonderment.\n\n  Why wilt thou stop and start?\nDraw nearer, oh my heart,\nAnd I will question thee most wistfully;\nGather thy last clear resolution\nTo look upon thy dissolution.\n\n  The great God's life throbs far and free,\nAnd thou art but a spark\nKnown only in thy dark,\nOr a foam-fleck upon the awful ocean,\nThyself thy slender dignity,\nThy own thy vexing mystery,\nIn the vast change that is not change but motion.\n\n  'Tis not so hard as it would seem;\nThy life is but a dream--\nAnd yet thou hast some thoughts about the past;\nLet go, let go thy memories,\nThey are not things but wandering cries--\nWave them each one a long farewell at last:\nI hear thee say--\"Take them, O tide,\nAnd I will turn aside,\nGazing with heedlessness, nay, even with laughter!\nBind me, ye winds and storms,\nAmong the things that once had forms,\nAnd carry me clean out of sight thereafter!\"\n\n  Thou hast lived long enough\nTo know thy own weak stuff,\nLaughing thy fondest joys to utter scorn;\nGive up the idle strife--\nIt is but mockery of life;\nThe fates had need of thee and thou wast born!\nThey are, in sooth, but thou shalt die.\nO wandering spark! O homeless cry!\nO empty will, still lacking self-intent!\nLook up among the autumn trees:\nThe ripened fruits fall through the breeze,\nAnd they will shake thee even like these\nInto the lap of an Accomplishment!\n\n  Thou hadst a faith, and voices said:--\n\"Doubt not _that_ truth, but bend thy head\nUnto the God who drew thee from the night:\"\nThou liftedst up thy eyes--and, lo!\nA host of voices answered--\"No;\nA thousand things as good have seen the light!\"\nLook how the swarms arise\nFrom every clod before thy eyes!\nAre thine the only hopes that fade and fall\nWhen to the centre of its action\nOne purpose draws each separate fraction,\nAnd nothing but effects are left at all?\nAha, thy faith! what is thy faith?\nThe sleep that waits on coming death--\nA blind delirious swoon that follows pain.\n\"True to thy nature!\"--well! right well!\nBut what that nature is thou canst not tell--\nIt has a thousand voices in thy brain.\nDanced all the leaflets to and fro?\n--Thy feet have trod them long ago!\nSprung the glad music up the blue?\n--The hawk hath cut the song in two.\nAll the mountains crumble,\nAll the forests fall,\nAll thy brethren stumble,\nAnd rise no more at all!\nIn the dim woods there is a sound\nWhen the winds begin to moan;\nIt is not of joy or yet of mirth,\nBut the mournful cry of our mother Earth,\nAs she calleth back her own.\nThrough the rosy air to-night\nThe living creatures play\nUp and down through the rich faint light--\nNone so happy as they!\nBut the blast is here, and noises fall\nLike the sound of steps in a ruined hall,\nAn icy touch is upon them all,\nAnd they sicken and fade away.\n\n  The child awoke with an eye of gladness,\nWith a light on his head and a matchless grace,\nAnd laughed at the passing shades of sadness\nThat chased the smiles on his mother's face;\nAnd life with its lightsome load of youth\nSwam like a boat on a shining lake--\nFreighted with hopes enough, in sooth,\nBut he lived to trample on joy and truth,\nAnd change his crown for a murder-stake!\n\n  Oh, a ruddy light went through the room,\nTill the dark ran out to his mother Night!\nAnd that little chamber showed through the gloom\nLike a Noah's ark with its nest of light!\nRight glad was the maiden there, I wis,\nWith the youth that held her hand in his!\nOh, sweet were the words that went and came\nThrough the light and shade of the leaping flame\nThat glowed on the cheerful faces!\nSo human the speech, so sunny and kind,\nThat the darkness danced on the wall behind,\nAnd even the wail of the winter wind\nSang sweet through the window-cases!\n\n  But a mournful wail crept round and round,\nAnd a voice cried:--\"Come!\" with a dreary sound,\nAnd the circle wider grew;\nThe light flame sank, and sorrow fell\nOn the faces of those that loved so well;\nDarker and wilder grew the tone;\nFainter and fainter the faces shone;\nThe wild night clasped them, and they were gone--\nAnd thou art passing too!\n\n  Lo, the morning slowly springs\nLike a meek white babe from the womb of night!\nOne golden planet sits and stings\nThe shifting gloom with his point of light!\nLo, the sun on its throne of flame!\n--Wouldst thou climb and win a crown?\nOh, many a heart that pants for the same\nFalls to the earth ere he goes down!\nThy heart is a flower with an open cup--\nSit and watch, if it pleaseth thee,\nTill the melting twilight fill it up\nWith a crystal of tender sympathy;\nSo, gently will it tremble\nThe silent midnight through,\nAnd flocks of stars assemble\nBy turns in its depths of dew;--\nBut look! oh, look again!\nAfter the driving wind and rain!\nWhen the day is up and the sun is strong,\nAnd the voices of men are loud and long,\nWhen the flower hath slunk to its rest again,\nAnd love is lost in the strife of men!\n\n  Let the morning break with thoughts of love,\nAnd the evening fall with dreams of bliss--\nSo vainly panteth the prisoned dove\nFor the depths of her sweet wilderness;\nSo stoops the eagle in his pride\nFrom his rocky nest ere the bow is bent;\nSo sleeps the deer on the mountain-side\nEre the howling pack hath caught the scent!\n\n  The fire climbs high till its work is done;\nThe stalk falls down when the flower is gone;\nAnd the stars of heaven when their course is run\nMelt silently away!\nThere was a footfall on the snow,\nA line of light on the ocean-flow,\nAnd a billow's dash on the rocks below\nThat stand by the wintry bay:--\nThe snow was gone on the coming night;\nAnother wave arose in his might,\nUplifted his foaming breast of white,\nAnd died like the rest for aye!\n\n  Oh, the stars were bright! and thyself in thee\nYearned for an immortality!\nAnd the thoughts that drew from thy busy brain\nClasped the worlds like an endless chain--\nWhen a moon arose, and her moving chime\nSmote on thy soul, like a word in time,\nOr a breathless wish, or a thought in rime,\nAnd the truth that looked so gloomy and high\nLeapt to thy arms with a joyful cry!\nBut what wert thou when a soulless Cause\nOpened the book of its barren laws,\nAnd thy spirit that was so glad and free\nWas caught in the gin of necessity,\nAnd a howl arose from the strife of things\nVexing each other with scorpion stings?\nWhat wert thou but an orphan child\nThrust from the door when the night was wild?\nOr a sailor on the toiling main\nLooking blindly up through the wind and rain\nAs the hull of the vessel fell in twain!\n\n  Seals are on the book of fate,\nHands may not unbind it;\nEyes may search for truth till late,\nBut will never find it--!\nRising on the brow of night\nLike a portent of dismay,\nAs the worlds in wild affright\nTrack it on its direful way;\nResting like a rainbow bar\nWhere the curve and level meet,\nAs the children chase it far\nO'er the sands with blistered feet;\nSadly through the mist of ages\nGazing on this life of fear,\nDoubtful shining on its pages,\nOnly seen to disappear!\nSit thee by the sounding shore\n--Winds and waves of human breath!--\nLearn a lesson from their roar,\nSwelling, bursting evermore:\nLive thy life and die thy death!\nDie not like the writhing worm,\nRise and win thy highest stake;\nBetter perish in the storm\nThan sit rotting on the lake!\nTriumph in thy present youth,\nPulse of fire and heart of glee;\nLeap at once into the truth,\nIf there is a truth for thee.\n\n  Shapeless thoughts and dull opinions,\nSlow distinctions and degrees,--\nVex not thou thy weary pinions\nWith such leaden weights as these--\nThrough this mystic jurisdiction\nReaching out a hand by chance,\nResting on a dull conviction\nWhetted but by ignorance;\nLiving ever to behold\nMournful eyes that watch and weep;\nSpirit suns that flashed in gold\nFailing from the vasty deep;\nStarry lights that glowed like Truth\nGazing with unnumbered eyes,\nMelting from the skies of youth,\nSwallowed up of mysteries;\nCords of love that sweetly bound thee;\nFaded writing on thy brow;\nPresences that came around thee;\nHands of faith that fail thee now!\n\n  Groping hands will ever find thee\nIn the night with loads of chains!\nLift thy fetters and unbind thee,\nCast thee on the midnight plains:\nShapes of vision all-providing--\nFamished cheeks and hungry cries!\nSound of crystal waters sliding--\nThirsty lips and bloodshot eyes!\nEmpty forms that send no gleaming\nThrough the mystery of this strife!--\nOh, in such a life of seeming,\nDeath were worth an endless life!\n\n  Hark the trumpet of the ocean\nWhere glad lands were wont to be!\nMany voices of commotion\nBreak in tumult over thee!\nLo, they climb the frowning ages,\nMarching o'er their level lands!\nFar behind the strife that rages\nSilence sits with clasped hands;\nUndivided Purpose, freeing\nHis own steps from hindrances,\nSending out great floods of being,\nBathes thy steps in silentness.\nSit thee down in mirth and laughter--\nOne there is that waits for thee;\nIf there is a true hereafter\nHe will lend thee eyes to see.\n\n  Like a snowflake gently falling\nOn a quiet fountain,\nOr a weary echo calling\nFrom a distant mountain,\nDrop thy hands in peace,--\nFail--falter--cease.\n\n\n\n_OF ONE WHO DIED IN SPRING_.\n\nLoosener of springs, he died by thee!\nSoftness, not hardness, sent him home;\nHe loved thee--and thou mad'st him free\nOf all the place thou comest from!\n\n\n\n_AN AUTUMN SONG_.\n\nAre the leaves falling round about\n  The churchyard on the hill?\nIs the glow of autumn going out?\n  Is that the winter chill?\nAnd yet through winter's noise, no doubt\n  The graves are very still!\n\nAre the woods empty, voiceless, bare?\n  On sodden leaves do you tread?\nIs nothing left of all those fair?\n  Is the whole summer fled?\nWell, so from this unwholesome air\n  Have gone away these dead!\n\nThe seasons pierce me; like a leaf\n  I feel the autumn blow,\nAnd tremble between nature's grief\n  And the silent death below.\nO Summer, thou art very brief!\n  Where do these exiles go?\n\n_Gilesgate, Durham._\n\n\n\n_TRIOLET_.\n\nFew in joy's sweet riot\nAble are to listen:\nThou, to make me quiet,\nQuenchest the sweet riot,\nTak'st away my diet,\nPuttest me in prison--\nQuenchest joy's sweet riot\nThat the heart may listen.\n\n\n\n_I SEE THEE NOT_.\n\nYes, Master, when thou comest thou shalt find\n  A little faith on earth, if I am here!\nThou know'st how oft I turn to thee my mind.\n  How sad I wait until thy face appear!\n\nHast thou not ploughed my thorny ground full sore,\n  And from it gathered many stones and sherds?\nPlough, plough and harrow till it needs no more--\n  Then sow thy mustard-seed, and send thy birds.\n\nI love thee, Lord; and if I yield to fears,\n  Nor trust with triumph that pale doubt defies,\nRemember, Lord, 'tis nigh two thousand years,\n  And I have never seen thee with mine eyes!\n\nAnd when I lift them from the wondrous tale,\n  See, all about me hath so strange a show!\nIs that thy river running down the vale?\n  Is that thy wind that through the pines doth blow?\n\nCould'st thou right verily appear again,\n  The same who walked the paths of Palestine,\nAnd here in England teach thy trusting men\n  In church and field and house, with word and sign?\n\nHere are but lilies, sparrows, and the rest!\n  My hands on some dear proof would light and stay!\nBut my heart sees John leaning on thy breast,\n  And sends them forth to do what thou dost say.\n\n\n\n_A BROKEN PRAYER_.\n\n0 Lord, my God, how long\nShall my poor heart pant for a boundless joy?\nHow long, O mighty Spirit, shall I hear\nThe murmur of Truth's crystal waters slide\nFrom the deep caverns of their endless being,\nBut my lips taste not, and the grosser air\nChoke each pure inspiration of thy will?\n\nI am a denseness 'twixt me and the light;\n1 cannot round myself; my purest thought,\nEre it is thought, hath caught the taint of earth,\nAnd mocked me with hard thoughts beyond my will.\n\nI would be a wind\nWhose smallest atom is a viewless wing,\nAll busy with the pulsing life that throbs\nTo do thy bidding; yea, or the meanest thing\nThat has relation to a changeless truth,\nCould I but be instinct with thee--each thought\nThe lightning of a pure intelligence,\nAnd every act as the loud thunder-clap\nOf currents warring for a vacuum.\n\nLord, clothe me with thy truth as with a robe;\nPurge me with sorrow; I will bend my head\nAnd let the nations of thy waves pass over,\nBathing me in thy consecrated strength;\nAnd let thy many-voiced and silver winds\nPass through my frame with their clear influence,\nO save me; I am blind; lo, thwarting shapes\nWall up the void before, and thrusting out\nLean arms of unshaped expectation, beckon\nDown to the night of all unholy thoughts.\n\nOh, when at midnight one of thy strong angels\nStems back the waves of earthly influence\nThat shape unsteady continents around me,\nAnd they draw off with the devouring gush\nOf exile billows that have found a home,\nLeaving me islanded on unseen points,\nHanging 'twixt thee and chaos--I have seen\nUnholy shapes lop off my shining thoughts,\nAnd they have lent me leathern wings of fear,\nOf baffled pride and harrowing distrust;\nAnd Godhead, with its crown of many stars,\nIts pinnacles of flaming holiness,\nAnd voice of leaves in the green summer-time,\nHas seemed the shadowed image of a self!\nThen my soul blackened; and I rose to find\nAnd grasp my doom, and cleave the arching deeps\nOf desolation.\n\nO Lord, my soul is a forgotten well\nClad round with its own rank luxuriance;\nA fountain a kind sunbeam searches for,\nSinking the lustre of its arrowy finger\nThrough the long grass its own strange virtue\nHath blinded up its crystal eye withal:\nMake me a broad strong river coming down\nWith shouts from its high hills, whose rocky hearts\nThrob forth the joy of their stability\nIn watery pulses from their inmost deeps;\nAnd I shall be a vein upon thy world,\nCircling perpetual from the parent deep.\n\nMost mighty One,\nConfirm and multiply my thoughts of good;\nHelp me to wall each sacred treasure round\nWith the firm battlements of special action.\nAlas, my holy happy thoughts of thee\nMake not perpetual nest within my soul,\nBut like strange birds of dazzling colours stoop\nThe trailing glories of their sunward speed\nFor one glad moment, filling my blasted boughs\nWith the sunshine of their wings. Make me a forest\nOf gladdest life wherein perpetual spring\nLifts up her leafy tresses in the wind.\nLo, now I see\nThy trembling starlight sit among my pines,\nAnd thy young moon slide down my arching boughs\nWith a soft sound of restless eloquence!\nAnd I can feel a joy as when thy hosts\nOf trampling winds, gathering in maddened bands,\nRoar upward through the blue and flashing day\nRound my still depths of uncleft solitude.\n\nHear me, O Lord,\nWhen the black night draws down upon my soul,\nAnd voices of temptation darken down\nThe misty wind, slamming thy starry doors\nWith bitter jests:--\"Thou fool!\" they seem to say,\n\"Thou hast no seed of goodness in thee; all\nThy nature hath been stung right through and through;\nThy sin hath blasted thee and made thee old;\nThou hadst a will, but thou hast killed it dead,\nAnd with the fulsome garniture of life\nBuilt out the loathsome corpse; thou art a child\nOf night and death, even lower than a worm;\nGather the skirts up of thy shadowy self,\nAnd with what resolution thou hast left\nFall on the damned spikes of doom!\"\n\nOh, take me like a child,\nIf thou hast made me for thyself, my God,\nAnd lead me up thy hills. I shall not fear,\nSo thou wilt make me pure, and beat back sin\nWith the terrors of thine eye: it fears me not\nAs once it might have feared thine own good image,\nBut lays bold siege at my heart's doors.\n\nOh, I have seen a thing of beauty stand\nIn the young moonlight of its upward thoughts,\nAnd the old earth came round it with its gifts\nOf gladness, whispering leaves, and odorous plants,\nUntil its large and spiritual eye\nBurned with intensest love: my God, I could\nHave watched it evermore with Argus-eyes,\nLest when the noontide of the summer's sun\nLet down the tented sunlight on the plain,\nHis flaming beams should scorch my darling flower;\nAnd through the fruitless nights of leaden gloom,\nOf plashing rains, and knotted winds of cold,\nYea, when thy lightnings ran across the sky,\nAnd the loud stumbling blasts fell from the hills\nUpon the mounds of death, I could have watched\nGuarding such beauty like another life!\nBut, O my God, it changed!--\nYet methinks I know not if it was not I!\nIts beauty turned to ghastly loathsomeness!\nThen a hand spurned me backwards from the clouds,\nAnd with the gather of a mighty whirlwind,\nDrew in the glittering gifts of life.\n\nHow long, O Lord, how long?\nI am a man lost in a rocky place!\nLo, all thy echoes smite me with confusion\nOf varied speech,--the cry of vanished Life\nRolled upon nations' sighs--of hearts uplifted\nAgainst despair--the stifled sounds of Woe\nSitting perpetual by its grey cold well--\nOr wasted Toil climbing its endless hills\nWith quickening gasps--or the thin winds of Joy\nThat beat about the voices of the crowd!\n\nLord, hast thou sent\nThy moons to mock us with perpetual hope?\nLighted within our breasts the love of love\nTo make us ripen for despair, my God?\n\nOh, dost thou hold each individual soul\nStrung clear upon thy flaming rods of purpose?\nOr does thine inextinguishable will\nStand on the steeps of night with lifted hand\nFilling the yawning wells of monstrous space\nWith mixing thought--drinking up single life\nAs in a cup? and from the rending folds\nOf glimmering purpose, do all thy navied stars\nSlide through the gloom with mystic melody,\nLike wishes on a brow? Oh, is my soul,\nHung like a dewdrop in thy grassy ways,\nDrawn up again into the rack of change\nEven through the lustre which created it?\n--O mighty one, thou wilt not smite me through\nWith scorching wrath, because my spirit stands\nBewildered in thy circling mysteries!\n\nOh lift the burdened gloom that chokes my soul\nWith dews of darkness; smite the lean winds of death\nThat run with howls around the ruined temples,\nBlowing the souls of men about like leaves.\n\nLo, the broad life-lands widen overhead,\nStar-galaxies arise like drifting snow,\nAnd happy life goes whitening down the stream\nOf boundless action, whilst my fettered soul\nSits, as a captive in a noisome dungeon\nWatches the pulses of his withered heart\nLave out the sparkling minutes of his life\nOn the idle flags!\n\nCome in the glory of thine excellence,\nRive the dense gloom with wedges of clear light,\nAnd let the shimmer of thy chariot wheels\nBurn through the cracks of night! So slowly, Lord,\nTo lift myself to thee with hands of toil,\nClimbing the slippery cliffs of unheard prayer!\nLift up a hand among my idle days--\nOne beckoning finger: I will cast aside\nThe clogs of earthly circumstance and run\nUp the broad highways where the countless worlds\nSit ripening in the summer of thy love.\nSend a clear meaning sparkling through the years;\nBurst all the prison-doors, and make men's hearts\nGush up like fountains with thy melody;\nBrighten the hollow eyes; fill with life's fruits\nThe hands that grope and scramble down the wastes;\nAnd let the ghastly troops of withered ones\nCome shining o'er the mountains of thy love.\n\nLord, thy strange mysteries come thickening down\nUpon my head like snowflakes, shutting out\nThe happy upper fields with chilly vapour.\nShall I content my soul with a weak sense\nOf safety? or feed my ravenous hunger with\nSore purged hopes, that are not hopes but fears\nClad in white raiment?\n\nThe creeds lie in the hollow of men's hearts\nLike festering pools glassing their own corruption;\nThe slimy eyes stare up with dull approval,\nAnd answer not when thy bright starry feet\nMove on the watery floors: oh, shake men's souls\nTogether like the gathering of all oceans\nRent from their hidden chambers, till the waves\nLift up their million voices of high joy\nAlong the echoing cliffs! come thus, O Lord,\nWith nightly gifts of stars, and lay a hand\nOf mighty peace upon the quivering flood.\n\nO wilt thou hear me when I cry to thee?\nI am a child lost in a mighty forest;\nThe air is thick with voices, and strange hands\nReach through the dusk, and pluck me by the skirts.\nThere is a voice which sounds like words from home,\nBut, as I stumble on to reach it, seems\nTo leap from rock to rock: oh, if it is\nWilling obliquity of sense, descend,\nHeal all my wanderings, take me by the hand,\nAnd lead me homeward through the shadows.\nLet me not by my wilful acts of pride\nBlock up the windows of thy truth, and grow\nA wasted, withered thing, that stumbles on\nDown to the grave with folded hands of sloth\nAnd leaden confidence.\n\n\n\n_COME DOWN_.\n\nStill am I haunting\n  Thy door with my prayers;\nStill they are panting\n  Up thy steep stairs!\nWouldst thou not rather\n  Come down to my heart,\nAnd there, O my Father,\n  Be what thou art?\n\n\n\n_A MOOD_.\n\nMy thoughts are like fire-flies, pulsing in moonlight;\n  My heart like a silver cup, filled with red wine;\nMy soul a pale gleaming horizon, whence soon light\n  Will flood the gold earth with a torrent divine.\n\n\n\n_THE CARPENTER_.\n\n0 Lord, at Joseph's humble bench\nThy hands did handle saw and plane;\nThy hammer nails did drive and clench,\nAvoiding knot and humouring grain.\n\nThat thou didst seem, thou wast indeed,\nIn sport thy tools thou didst not use;\nNor, helping hind's or fisher's need,\nThe labourer's hire, too nice, refuse.\n\nLord, might I be but as a saw,\nA plane, a chisel, in thy hand!--\nNo, Lord! I take it back in awe,\nSuch prayer for me is far too grand.\n\nI pray, O Master, let me lie,\nAs on thy bench the favoured wood;\nThy saw, thy plane, thy chisel ply,\nAnd work me into something good.\n\nNo, no; ambition, holy-high,\nUrges for more than both to pray:\nCome in, O gracious Force, I cry--\nO workman, share my shed of clay.\n\nThen I, at bench, or desk, or oar,\nWith knife or needle, voice or pen,\nAs thou in Nazareth of yore,\nShall do the Father's will again.\n\nThus fashioning a workman rare,\nO Master, this shall be thy fee:\nHome to thy father thou shall bear\nAnother child made like to thee.\n\n\n\n_THE OLD GARDEN_.\n\nI.\n\nI stood in an ancient garden\nWith high red walls around;\nOver them grey and green lichens\nIn shadowy arabesque wound.\n\nThe topmost climbing blossoms\nOn fields kine-haunted looked out;\nBut within were shelter and shadow,\nWith daintiest odours about.\n\nThere were alleys and lurking arbours,\nDeep glooms into which to dive.\nThe lawns were as soft as fleeces,\nOf daisies I counted but five.\n\nThe sun-dial was so aged\nIt had gathered a thoughtful grace;\n'Twas the round-about of the shadow\nThat so had furrowed its face.\n\nThe flowers were all of the oldest\nThat ever in garden sprung;\nRed, and blood-red, and dark purple\nThe rose-lamps flaming hung.\n\nAlong the borders fringed\nWith broad thick edges of box\nStood foxgloves and gorgeous poppies\nAnd great-eyed hollyhocks.\n\nThere were junipers trimmed into castles,\nAnd ash-trees bowed into tents;\nFor the garden, though ancient and pensive,\nStill wore quaint ornaments.\n\nIt was all so stately fantastic\nIts old wind hardly would stir;\nYoung Spring, when she merrily entered,\nScarce felt it a place for her.\n\nII.\n\nI stood in the summer morning\nUnder a cavernous yew;\nThe sun was gently climbing,\nAnd the scents rose after the dew.\n\nI saw the wise old mansion,\nLike a cow in the noon-day heat,\nStand in a lake of shadows\nThat rippled about its feet.\n\nIts windows were oriel and latticed,\nLowly and wide and fair;\nAnd its chimneys like clustered pillars\nStood up in the thin blue air.\n\nWhite doves, like the thoughts of a lady,\nHaunted it all about;\nWith a train of green and blue comets\nThe peacock went marching stout.\n\nThe birds in the trees were singing\nA song as old as the world,\nOf love and green leaves and sunshine,\nAnd winter folded and furled.\n\nThey sang that never was sadness\nBut it melted and passed away;\nThey sang that never was darkness\nBut in came the conquering day.\n\nAnd I knew that a maiden somewhere,\nIn a low oak-panelled room,\nIn a nimbus of shining garments,\nAn aureole of white-browed bloom,\n\nLooked out on the garden dreamy,\nAnd knew not it was old;\nLooked past the gray and the sombre,\nSaw but the green and the gold,\n\nIII.\n\nI stood in the gathering twilight,\nIn a gently blowing wind;\nThen the house looked half uneasy,\nLike one that was left behind.\n\nThe roses had lost their redness,\nAnd cold the grass had grown;\nAt roost were the pigeons and peacock,\nThe sun-dial seemed a head-stone.\n\nThe world by the gathering twilight\nIn a gauzy dusk was clad;\nSomething went into my spirit\nAnd made me a little sad.\n\nGrew and gathered the twilight,\nIt filled my heart and brain;\nThe sadness grew more than sadness,\nIt turned to a gentle pain.\n\nBrowned and brooded the twilight,\nPervaded, absorbed the calm,\nTill it seemed for some human sorrows\nThere could not be any balm.\n\nIV.\n\nThen I knew that, up a staircase\nWhich untrod will yet creak and shake,\nDeep in a distant chamber\nA ghost was coming awake--\n\nIn the growing darkness growing,\nGrowing till her eyes appear\nLike spots of a deeper twilight,\nBut more transparent clear:\n\nThin as hot air up-trembling,\nThin as sun-molten crape,\nAn ethereal shadow of something\nIs taking a certain shape;\n\nA shape whose hands hang listless,\nLet hang its disordered hair;\nA shape whose bosom is heaving\nBut draws not in the air.\n\nAnd I know, what time the moonlight\nOn her nest of shadows will sit,\nOut on the dim lawn gliding\nThat shadowy shadow will flit.\n\nV.\n\nThe moon is dreaming upward\nFrom a sea of cloud and gleam;\nShe looks as if she had seen me\nNever but in a dream.\n\nDown the stair I know she is coming,\nBare-footed, lifting her train;\nIt creaks not--she hears it creaking\nWhere once there was a brain.\n\nOut at yon side-door she's coming,\nWith a timid glance right and left;\nHer look is hopeless yet eager,\nThe look of a heart bereft.\n\nAcross the lawn she is flitting,\nHer thin gown feels the wind;\nAre her white feet bending the grasses?\nHer hair is lifted behind!\n\nVI.\n\nShall I stay to look on her nearer?\nWould she start and vanish away?\nOh, no, she will never see me,\nStand I near as I may!\n\nIt is not this wind she is feeling,\nNot this cool grass below;\n'Tis the wind and the grass of an evening\nA hundred years ago.\n\nShe sees no roses darkling,\nNo stately hollyhocks dim;\nShe is only thinking and dreaming\nThe garden, the night, and him,\n\nThe unlit windows behind her,\nThe timeless dial-stone,\nThe trees, and the moon, and the shadows\nA hundred years agone!\n\n'Tis a night for a ghostly lover\nTo haunt the best-loved spot:\nIs he come in his dreams to this garden?\nI gaze, but I see him not.\n\nVII.\n\nI will not look on her nearer,\nMy heart would be torn in twain;\nFrom my eyes the garden would vanish\nIn the falling of their rain.\n\nI will not look on a sorrow\nThat darkens into despair,\nOn the surge of a heart that cannot\nYet cannot cease to bear.\n\nMy soul to hers would be calling:\nShe would hear no word it said!\nIf I cried aloud in the stillness\nShe would never turn her head!\n\nShe is dreaming the sky above her,\nShe is dreaming the earth below:--\nThis night she lost her lover\nA hundred years ago.\n\n\n\n_A NOONDAY MELODY_.\n\nEverything goes to its rest;\n  The hills are asleep in the noon;\nAnd life is as still in its nest\n  As the moon when she looks on a moon\nIn the depth of a calm river's breast\n  As it steals through a midnight in June.\n\nThe streams have forgotten the sea\n  In the dream of their musical sound;\nThe sunlight is thick on the tree,\n  And the shadows lie warm on the ground,--\nSo still, you may watch them and see\n  Every breath that awakens around.\n\nThe churchyard lies still in the heat,\n  With its handful of mouldering bone,\nAs still as the long stalk of wheat\n  In the shadow that sits by the stone,\nAs still as the grass at my feet\n  When I walk in the meadows alone.\n\nThe waves are asleep on the main,\n  And the ships are asleep on the wave;\nAnd the thoughts are as still in my brain\n  As the echo that sleeps in the cave;\nAll rest from their labour and pain--\n  Then why should not I in my grave?\n\n\n\n_WHO LIGHTS THE FIRE_?\n\nWho lights the fire--that forth so gracefully\n  And freely frolicketh the fairy smoke?\n  Some pretty one who never felt the yoke--\nGlad girl, or maiden more sedate than she.\n\nPedant it cannot, villain cannot be!\n  Some genius, may-be, his own symbol woke;\n  But puritan, nor rogue in virtue's cloke,\nNor kitchen-maid has done it certainly!\n\nHa, ha! you cannot find the lighter out\n  For all the blue smoke's pantomimic gesture--\n  His name or nature, sex or age or vesture!\nThe fire was lit by human care, no doubt--\n  But now the smoke is Nature's tributary,\n  Dancing 'twixt man and nothing like a fairy.\n\n\n\n_WHO WOULD HAVE THOUGHT_?\n\nWho would have thought that even an idle song\n  Were such a holy and celestial thing\n  That wickedness and envy cannot sing--\nThat music for no moment lives with wrong?\nI know this, for a very grievous throng,\n  Dark thoughts, low wishes, round my bosom cling,\n  And, underneath, the hidden holy spring\nStagnates because of their enchantment strong.\n\nBlow, breath of heaven, on all this poison blow!\n  And, heart, glow upward to this gracious breath!\n  Between them, vanish, mist of sin and death,\nAnd let the life of life within me flow!\n  Love is the green earth, the celestial air,\n  And music runs like dews and rivers there!\n\n\n\n_ON A DECEMBER DAY_.\n\nI.\n\nThis is the sweetness of an April day;\n  The softness of the spring is on the face\n  Of the old year. She has no natural grace,\nBut something comes to her from far away\n\nOut of the Past, and on her old decay\n  The beauty of her childhood you can trace.--\n  And yet she moveth with a stormy pace,\nAnd goeth quickly.--Stay, old year, oh, stay!\n\nWe do not like new friends, we love the old;\n  With young, fierce, hopeful hearts we ill agree;\nBut thou art patient, stagnant, calm, and cold,\n  And not like that new year that is to be;--\n    Life, promise, love, her eyes may fill, fair child!\n    We know the past, and will not be beguiled.\n\nII.\n\nYet the free heart will not be captive long;\n  And if she changes often, she is free.\n  But if she changes: One has mastery\nWho makes the joy the last in every song.\nAnd so to-day I blessed the breezes strong\n  That swept the blue; I blessed the breezes free\n  That rolled wet leaves like rivers shiningly;\nI blessed the purple woods I stood among.\n\n\"And yet the spring is better!\" Bitterness\n  Came with the words, but did not stay with them.\n  \"Accomplishment and promise! field and stem\nNew green fresh growing in a fragrant dress!\n  And we behind with death and memory!\"\n  --Nay, prophet-spring! but I will follow thee.\n\n\n\n_CHRISTMAS DAY, 1850_.\n\nBeautiful stories wed with lovely days\n  Like words and music:--what shall be the tale\n  Of love and nobleness that might avail\nTo express in action what this sweetness says--\n\nThe sweetness of a day of airs and rays\n  That are strange glories on the winter pale?\n  Alas, O beauty, all my fancies fail!\nI cannot tell a story in thy praise!\n\nThou hast, thou hast one--set, and sure to chime\n  With thee, as with the days of \"winter wild;\"\n    For Joy like Sorrow loves his blessed feet\nWho shone from Heaven on Earth this Christmas-time\n  A Brother and a Saviour, Mary's child!--\n    And so, fair day, thou _hast_ thy story sweet.\n\n\n\n_TO A FEBRUARY PRIMROSE_.\n\nI know not what among the grass thou art,\n  Thy nature, nor thy substance, fairest flower,\n  Nor what to other eyes thou hast of power\nTo send thine image through them to the heart;\nBut when I push the frosty leaves apart\n  And see thee hiding in thy wintry bower\n  Thou growest up within me from that hour,\nAnd through the snow I with the spring depart.\n\nI have no words. But fragrant is the breath,\n  Pale beauty, of thy second life within.\nThere is a wind that cometh for thy death,\n  But thou a life immortal dost begin,\nWhere in one soul, which is thy heaven, shall dwell\nThy spirit, beautiful Unspeakable!\n\n\n\n_IN FEBRUARY_.\n\nNow in the dark of February rains,\n  Poor lovers of the sunshine, spring is born,\n  The earthy fields are full of hidden corn,\nAnd March's violets bud along the lanes;\n\nTherefore with joy believe in what remains.\n  And thou who dost not feel them, do not scorn\n  Our early songs for winter overworn,\nAnd faith in God's handwriting on the plains.\n\n\"Hope\" writes he, \"Love\" in the first violet,\n  \"Joy,\" even from Heaven, in songs and winds and trees;\n  And having caught the happy words in these\nWhile Nature labours with the letters yet,\n  Spring cannot cheat us, though her _hopes_ be broken,\n  Nor leave us, for we know what God hath spoken.\n\n\n\n_THE TRUE_.\n\nI envy the tree-tops that shake so high\n  In winds that fill them full of heavenly airs;\n  I envy every little cloud that shares\nWith unseen angels evening in the sky;\nI envy most the youngest stars that lie\n  Sky-nested, and the loving heaven that bears,\n  And night that makes strong worlds of them unawares;\nAnd all God's other beautiful and nigh!\n\nNay, nay, I envy not! And these are dreams,\n  Fancies and images of real heaven!\n  My longings, all my longing prayers are given\nFor that which is, and not for that which seems.\n  Draw me, O Lord, to thy true heaven above,\n  The Heaven of thy Thought, thy Rest, thy Love.\n\n\n\n_THE DWELLERS THEREIN_.\n\nDown a warm alley, early in the year,\n  Among the woods, with all the sunshine in\n  And all the winds outside it, I begin\nTo think that something gracious will appear,\nIf anything of grace inhabit here,\n  Or there be friendship in the woods to win.\n  Might one but find companions more akin\nTo trees and grass and happy daylight clear,\nAnd in this wood spend one long hour at home!\n  The fairies do not love so bright a place,\nAnd angels to the forest never come,\n  But I have dreamed of some harmonious race,\nThe kindred of the shapes that haunt the shore\nOf Music's flow and flow for evermore.\n\n\n\n_AUTUMN'S GOLD_.\n\nAlong the tops of all the yellow trees,\n  The golden-yellow trees, the sunshine lies;\n  And where the leaves are gone, long rays surprise\nLone depths of thicket with their brightnesses;\nAnd through the woods, all waste of many a breeze,\n  Cometh more joy of light for Poet's eyes--\n  Green fields lying yellow underneath the skies,\nAnd shining houses and blue distances.\n\nBy the roadside, like rocks of golden ore\n  That make the western river-beds so bright,\n  The briar and the furze are all alight!\nPerhaps the year will be so fair no more,\n  But now the fallen, falling leaves are gay,\n  And autumn old has shone into a Day!\n\n\n\n_PUNISHMENT_.\n\nMourner, that dost deserve thy mournfulness,\n  Call thyself punished, call the earth thy hell;\n  Say, \"God is angry, and I earned it well--\nI would not have him smile on wickedness:\"\n\nSay this, and straightway all thy grief grows less:--\n  \"God rules at least, I find as prophets tell,\n  And proves it in this prison!\"--then thy cell\nSmiles with an unsuspected loveliness.\n\n--\"A prison--and yet from door and window-bar\n  I catch a thousand breaths of his sweet air!\n  Even to me his days and nights are fair!\nHe shows me many a flower and many a star!\nAnd though I mourn and he is very far,\n  He does not kill the hope that reaches there!\"\n\n\n\n_SHEW US THE FATHER_.\n\n\"Shew us the Father.\" Chiming stars of space,\n  And lives that fit the worlds, and means and powers,\n  A Thought that holds them up reveal to ours--\nA Wisdom we have been made wise to trace.\nAnd, looking out from sweetest Nature's face,\n  From sunsets, moonlights, rivers, hills, and flowers,\n  Infinite love and beauty, all the hours,\nWoo men that love them with divinest grace;\nAnd to the depths of all the answering soul\n  High Justice speaks, and calls the world her own;\n  And yet we long, and yet we have not known\nThe very Father's face who means the whole!\n  Shew us the Father! Nature, conscience, love\n  Revealed in beauty, is there One above?\n\n\n\n_THE PINAFORE_.\n\nWhen peevish flaws his soul have stirred\n  To fretful tears for crossed desires,\nObedient to his mother's word\n  My child to banishment retires.\n\nAs disappears the moon, when wind\n  Heaps miles of mist her visage o'er,\nSo vanisheth his face behind\n  The cloud of his white pinafore.\n\nI cannot then come near my child--\n  A gulf between of gainful loss;\nHe to the infinite exiled--\n  I waiting, for I cannot cross.\n\nAh then, what wonder, passing show,\n  The Isis-veil behind it brings--\nLike that self-coffined creatures know,\n  Remembering legs, foreseeing wings!\n\nMysterious moment! When or how\n  Is the bewildering change begun?\nHid in far deeps the awful now\n  When turns his being to the sun!\n\nA light goes up behind his eyes,\n  A still small voice behind his ears;\nA listing wind about him sighs,\n  And lo the inner landscape clears!\n\nHid by that screen, a wondrous shine\n  Is gathering for a sweet surprise;\nAs Moses grew, in dark divine,\n  Too radiant for his people's eyes.\n\nFor when the garment sinks again,\n  Outbeams a brow of heavenly wile,\nClear as a morning after rain,\n  And sunny with a perfect smile.\n\nOh, would that I the secret knew\n  Of hiding from my evil part,\nAnd turning to the lovely true\n  The open windows of my heart!\n\nLord, in thy skirt, love's tender gaol,\n  Hide thou my selfish heart's disgrace;\nFill me with light, and then unveil\n  To friend and foe a friendly face.\n\n\n\n_THE PRISM_.\n\nI.\n\nA pool of broken sunbeams lay\n  Upon the passage-floor,\nRadiant and rich, profound and gay\n  As ever diamond bore.\n\nSmall, flitting hands a handkerchief\n  Spread like a cunning trap:\nProne lay the gorgeous jewel-sheaf\n  In the glory-gleaner's lap!\n\nDeftly she folded up the prize,\n  With lovely avarice;\nLike one whom having had made wise,\n  She bore it off in bliss.\n\nBut ah, when for her prisoned gems\n  She peeped, to prove them there,\nNo glories broken from their stems\n  Lay in the kerchief bare!\n\nFor still, outside the nursery door,\n  The bright persistency,\nA molten diadem on the floor,\n  Lay burning wondrously.\n\nII.\n\nHow oft have I laid fold from fold\n  And peered into my mind--\nTo see of all the purple and gold\n  Not one gleam left behind!\n\nThe best of gifts will not be stored:\n  The manna of yesterday\nHas filled no sacred miser-hoard\n  To keep new need away.\n\nThy grace, O Lord, it is thyself;\n  Thy presence is thy light;\nI cannot lay it on my shelf,\n  Or take it from thy sight.\n\nFor daily bread we daily pray--\n  The want still breeds the cry;\nAnd so we meet, day after day,\n  Thou, Father in heaven, and I.\n\nIs my house dreary, wall and floor,\n  Will not the darkness flit,\nI go outside my shadowy door\n  And in thy rainbow sit.\n\n\n\n_SLEEP_.\n\nOh! is it Death that comes\nTo have a foretaste of the whole?\n  To-night the planets and the stars\n  Will glimmer through my window-bars\nBut will not shine upon my soul!\n\nFor I shall lie as dead\nThough yet I am above the ground;\n  All passionless, with scarce a breath,\n  With hands of rest and eyes of death,\nI shall be carried swiftly round.\n\nOr if my life should break\nThe idle night with doubtful gleams,\n  Through mossy arches will I go,\n  Through arches ruinous and low,\nAnd chase the true and false in dreams.\n\nWhy should I fall asleep?\nWhen I am still upon my bed\n  The moon will shine, the winds will rise\n  And all around and through the skies\nThe light clouds travel o'er my head!\n\nO busy, busy things,\nYe mock me with your ceaseless life!\n  For all the hidden springs will flow\n  And all the blades of grass will grow\nWhen I have neither peace nor strife.\n\nAnd all the long night through\nThe restless streams will hurry by;\n  And round the lands, with endless roar,\n  The white waves fall upon the shore,\nAnd bit by bit devour the dry.\n\nEven thus, but silently,\nEternity, thy tide shall flow,\n  And side by side with every star\n  Thy long-drawn swell shall bear me far,\nAn idle boat with none to row.\n\nMy senses fail with sleep;\nMy heart beats thick; the night is noon;\n  And faintly through its misty folds\n  I hear a drowsy clock that holds\nIts converse with the waning moon.\n\nOh, solemn mystery\nThat I should be so closely bound\n  With neither terror nor constraint,\n  Without a murmur of complaint,\nAnd lose myself upon such ground!\n\n\n\n_SHARING_.\n\nOn the far horizon there\nHeaps of cloudy darkness rest;\nThough the wind is in the air\nThere is stupor east and west.\n\nFor the sky no change is making,\nScarce we know it from the plain;\nDroop its eyelids never waking,\nBlinded by the misty rain;\n\nSave on high one little spot,\nRound the baffled moon a space\nWhere the tumult ceaseth not:\nWildly goes the midnight race!\n\nAnd a joy doth rise in me\nUpward gazing on the sight,\nWhen I think that others see\nIn yon clouds a like delight;\n\nHow perchance an aged man\nStruggling with the wind and rain,\nIn the moonlight cold and wan\nFeels his heart grow young again;\n\nAs the cloudy rack goes by,\nHow the life-blood mantles up\nTill the fountain deep and dry\nYields once more a sparkling cup.\n\nOr upon the gazing child\nCometh down a thought of glory\nWhich will keep him undefiled\nTill his head is old and hoary.\n\nFor it may be he hath woke\nAnd hath raised his fair young form;\nStrangely on his eyes have broke\nAll the splendours of the storm;\n\nAnd his young soul forth doth leap\nWith the storm-clouds in the moon;\nAnd his heart the light will keep\nThough the vision passeth soon.\n\nThus a joy hath often laughed\nOn my soul from other skies,\nBearing on its wings a draught\nFrom the wells of Paradise,\n\nFor that not to me alone\nComes a splendour out of fear;\nWhere the light of heaven hath shone\nThere is glory far and near.\n\n\n\n_IN BONDS_.\n\nOf the poor bird that cannot fly\nKindly you think and mournfully;\nFor prisoners and for exiles all\nYou let the tears of pity fall;\nAnd very true the grief should be\nThat mourns the bondage of the free.\n\nThe soul--_she_ has a fatherland;\nBinds _her_ not many a tyrant's hand?\nAnd the winged spirit has a home,\nBut can she always homeward come?\nPoor souls, with all their wounds and foes,\nWill you not also pity those?\n\n\n\n_HUNGER_.\n\nFather, I cry to thee for bread\n  With hungred longing, eager prayer;\nThou hear'st, and givest me instead\n  More hunger and a half-despair.\n\n0 Lord, how long? My days decline,\n  My youth is lapped in memories old;\nI need not bread alone, but wine--\n  See, cup and hand to thee I hold!\n\nAnd yet thou givest: thanks, O Lord,\n  That still my heart with hunger faints!\nThe day will come when at thy board\n  I sit, forgetting all my plaints.\n\nIf rain must come and winds must blow,\n  And I pore long o'er dim-seen chart,\nYet, Lord, let not the hunger go,\n  And keep the faintness at my heart.\n\n\n\n_NEW YEAR'S EVE: A WAKING DREAM_.\n\nI have not any fearful tale to tell\nOf fabled giant or of dragon-claw,\nOr bloody deed to pilfer and to sell\nTo those who feed, with such, a gaping maw;\nBut what in yonder hamlet there befell,\nOr rather what in it my fancy saw,\nI will declare, albeit it may seem\nToo simple and too common for a dream.\n\nTwo brothers were they, and they sat alone\nWithout a word, beside the winter's glow;\nFor it was many years since they had known\nThe love that bindeth brothers, till the snow\nOf age had frozen it, and it had grown\nAn icy-withered stream that would not flow;\nAnd so they sat with warmth about their feet\nAnd ice about their hearts that would not beat.\n\nAnd yet it was a night for quiet hope:--\nA night the very last of all the year\nTo many a youthful heart did seem to ope\nAn eye within the future, round and clear;\nAnd age itself, that travels down the <DW72>,\nSat glad and waiting as the hour drew near,\nThe dreamy hour that hath the heaviest chime,\nJerking our souls into the coming time.\n\nBut they!--alas for age when it is old!\nThe silly calendar they did not heed;\nAlas for age when in its bosom cold\nThere is not warmth to nurse a bladed weed!\nThey thought not of the morrow, but did hold\nA quiet sitting as their hearts did feed\nInwardly on themselves, as still and mute\nAs if they were a-cold from head to foot.\n\nO solemn kindly night, she looketh still\nWith all her moon upon us now and then!\nAnd though she dwelleth most in craggy hill,\nShe hath an eye unto the hearts of men!\nSo past a corner of the window-sill\nShe thrust a long bright finger just as ten\nHad struck, and on the dial-plate it came,\nHealing each hour's raw edge with tender flame.\n\nThere is a something in the winds of heaven\nThat stirreth purposely and maketh men;\nAnd unto every little wind is given\nA thing to do ere it is still again;\nSo when the little clock had struck eleven,\nThe edging moon had drawn her silver pen\nAcross a mirror, making them aware\nOf something ghostlier than their own grey hair.\n\nTherefore they drew aside the window-blind\nAnd looked upon the sleeping town below,\nAnd on the little church which sat behind\nAs keeping watch upon the scanty row\nOf steady tombstones--some of which inclined\nAnd others upright, in the moon did show\nLike to a village down below the waves--\nIt was so still and cool among the graves.\n\nBut not a word from either mouth did fall,\nExcept it were some very plain remark.\nAh! why should such as they be glad at all?\nFor years they had not listened to the lark!\nThe child was dead in them!--yet did there crawl\nA wish about their hearts; and as the bark\nOf distant sheep-dog came, they were aware\nOf a strange longing for the open air.\n\nAh! many an earthy-weaving year had spun\nA web of heavy cloud about their brain!\nAnd many a sun and moon had come and gone\nSince they walked arm in arm, these brothers twain!\nBut now with timed pace their feet did stun\nThe village echoes into quiet pain:\nThe street appeared very short and white,\nAnd they like ghosts unquiet for the light.\n\n\"Right through the churchyard,\" one of them did say\n--I knew not which was elder of the two--\n\"Right through the churchyard is our better way.\"\n\"Ay,\" said the other, \"past the scrubby yew.\nI have not seen her grave for many a day;\nAnd it is in me that with moonlight too\nIt might be pleasant thinking of old faces,\nAnd yet I seldom go into such places.\"\n\nStrange, strange indeed to me the moonlight wan\nSitting about a solitary stone!\nStranger than many tales it is to scan\nThe earthy fragment of a human bone;\nBut stranger still to see a grey old man\nApart from all his fellows, and alone\nWith the pale night and all its giant quiet;\nTherefore that stone was strange and those two by it.\n\nIt was their mother's grave, and here were hid\nThe priceless pulses of a mother's soul.\nFull sixty years it was since she had slid\nInto the other world through that deep hole.\nBut as they stood it seemed the coffin-lid\nGrew deaf with sudden hammers!--'twas the mole\nNiddering about its roots.--Be still, old men,\nBe very still and ye will hear again.\n\nAy, ye will hear it! Ye may go away,\nBut it will stay with you till ye are dead!\nIt is but earthy mould and quiet clay,\nBut it hath power to turn the oldest head.\nTheir eyes met in the moon, and they did say\nMore than a hundred tongues had ever said.\nSo they passed onwards through the rapping wicket\nInto the centre of a firry thicket.\n\nIt was a solemn meeting of Earth's life,\nAn inquest held upon the death of things;\nAnd in the naked north full thick and rife\nThe snow-clouds too were meeting as on wings\nShorn round the edges by the frost's keen knife;\nAnd the trees seemed to gather into rings,\nWaiting to be made blind, as they did quail\nAmong their own wan shadows thin and pale.\n\nMany strange noises are there among trees,\nAnd most within the quiet moony light,\nTherefore those aged men are on their knees\nAs if they listened somewhat:--Ye are right--\nUpwards it bubbles like the hum of bees!\nAlthough ye never heard it till to-night,\nThe mighty mother calleth ever so\nTo all her pale-eyed children from below.\n\nAy, ye have walked upon her paven ways,\nAnd heard her voices in the market-place,\nBut ye have never listened what she says\nWhen the snow-moon is pressing on her face!\nOne night like this is more than many days\nTo him who hears the music and the bass\nOf deep immortal lullabies which calm\nHis troubled soul as with a hushing psalm.\n\nI know not whether there is power in sleep\nTo dim the eyelids of the shining moon,\nBut so it seemed then, for still more deep\nShe grew into a heavy cloud, which, soon\nHiding her outmost edges, seemed to keep\nA pressure on her; so there came a swoon\nAmong the shadows, which still lay together\nBut in their slumber knew not one another.\n\nBut while the midnight groped for the chime\nAs she were heavy with excess of dreams,\nShe from the cloud's thick web a second time\nMade many shadows, though with minished beams;\nAnd as she looked eastward through the rime\nOf a thin vapour got of frosty steams,\nThere fell a little snow upon the crown\nOf a near hillock very bald and brown.\n\nAnd on its top they found a little spring,\nA very helpful little spring indeed,\nWhich evermore unwound a tiny string\nOf earnest water with continual speed--\nAnd so the brothers stood and heard it sing;\nFor all was snowy-still, and not a seed\nHad struck, and nothing came but noises light\nOf the continual whitening of the night.\n\nThere is a kindness in the falling snow--\nIt is a grey head to the spring time mild;\nSo as the creamy vapour bowed low\nCrowning the earth with honour undefiled,\nWithin each withered man arose a glow\nAs if he fain would turn into a child:\nThere was a gladness somewhere in the ground\nWhich in his bosom nowhere could be found!\n\nNot through the purple summer or the blush\nOf red voluptuous roses did it come\nThat silent speaking voice, but through the slush\nAnd snowy quiet of the winter numb!\nIt was a barren mound that heard the gush\nOf living water from two fountains dumb--\nTwo rocky human hearts which long had striven\nTo make a pleasant noise beneath high heaven!\n\nNow from the village came the onward shout\nOf lightsome voices and of merry cheer;\nIt was a youthful group that wandered out\nTo do obeisance to the glad new year;\nAnd as they passed they sang with voices stout\nA song which I was very fain to hear,\nBut as they darkened on, away it died,\nAnd the two men walked homewards side by side.\n\n\n\n_FROM NORTH WALES: TO THE MOTHER_.\n\nWhen the summer gave us a longer day,\nAnd the leaves were thickest, I went away:\nLike an isle, through dark clouds, of the infinite blue,\nWas that summer-ramble from London and you.\n\nIt was but one burst into life and air,\nOne backward glance on the skirts of care,\nA height on the hills with the smoke below--\nAnd the joy that came quickly was quick to go.\n\nBut I know and I cannot forget so soon\nHow the Earth is shone on by Sun and Moon;\nHow the clouds hide the mountains, and how they move\nWhen the morning sunshine lies warm above.\n\nI know how the waters fall and run\nIn the rocks and the heather, away from the sun;\nHow they hang like garlands on all hill-sides,\nAnd are the land's music, those crystal tides.\n\nI know how they gather in valleys fair,\nMeet valleys those beautiful waves to bear;\nHow they dance through the rocks, how they rest in the pool,\nHow they darken, how sparkle, and how they are cool.\n\nI know how the rocks from their kisses climb\nTo keep the storms off with a front sublime;\nAnd how on their platforms and sloping walls\nThe shadow of oak-tree and fir-tree falls.\n\nI know how the valleys are bright from far,\nRocks, meadows, and waters, the wood and the scaur;\nAnd how the roadside and the nearest hill\nThe foxglove and heather and harebell fill.\n\nI know--but the joy that was quick to go\nGave more knowledge to me than words can shew;\nAnd _you_ know the story, and how they fare\nWho love the green earth and the heavenly air.\n\n\n\n_COME TO ME_.\n\nCome to me, come to me, O my God;\n  Come to me everywhere!\nLet the trees mean thee, and the grassy sod,\n  And the water and the air!\n\nFor thou art so far that I often doubt,\n  As on every side I stare,\nSearching within, and looking without,\n  If thou canst be anywhere.\n\nHow did men find thee in days of old?\n  How did they grow so sure?\nThey fought in thy name, they were glad and bold,\n  They suffered, and kept themselves pure!\n\nBut now they say--neither above the sphere\n  Nor down in the heart of man,\nBut solely in fancy, ambition, and fear\n  The thought of thee began.\n\nIf only that perfect tale were true\n  Which ages have not made old,\nWhich of endless many makes one anew,\n  And simplicity manifold!\n\nBut _he_ taught that they who did his word\n  The truth of it sure would know:\nI will try to do it: if he be lord\n  Again the old faith will glow;\n\nAgain the old spirit-wind will blow\n  That he promised to their prayer;\nAnd obeying the Son, I too shall know\n  His father everywhere!\n\n\n\n_A FEAR_.\n\nO Mother Earth, I have a fear\nWhich I would tell to thee--\nSoftly and gently in thine ear\nWhen the moon and we are three.\n\nThy grass and flowers are beautiful;\nAmong thy trees I hide;\nAnd underneath the moonlight cool\nThy sea looks broad and wide;\n\nBut this I fear--lest thou shouldst grow\nTo me so small and strange,\nSo distant I should never know\nOn thee a shade of change,\n\nAlthough great earthquakes should uplift\nDeep mountains from their base,\nAnd thy continual motion shift\nThe lands upon thy face;--\n\nThe grass, the flowers, the dews that lie\nUpon them as before--\nDriven upwards evermore, lest I\nShould love these things no more.\n\nEven now thou dimly hast a place\nIn deep star galaxies!\nAnd I, driven ever on through space,\nHave lost thee in the skies!\n\n\n\n_THE LOST HOUSE_.\n\nOut of thy door I run to do the thing\n  That calls upon me. Straight the wind of words\nWhoops from mine ears the sounds of them that sing\nAbout their work, \"My God, my father-king!\"\n\nI turn in haste to see thy blessed door,\n  But, lo, a cloud of flies and bats and birds,\n  And stalking vapours, and vague monster-herds\n    Have risen and lighted, rushed and swollen between!\n\nAh me! the house of peace is there no more.\nWas it a dream then?--Walls, fireside, and floor,\n  And sweet obedience, loving, calm, and free,\n    Are vanished--gone as they had never been!\n\n  I labour groaning. Comes a sudden sheen!--\nAnd I am kneeling at my father's knee,\nSighing with joy, and hoping utterly.\n\n\n\n_THE TALK OF THE ECHOES_.\n\nA FRAGMENT.\n\nWhen the cock crows loud from the glen,\nAnd the moor-cock chirrs from the heather,\nWhat hear ye and see ye then,\nYe children of air and ether?\n\n1_st Echo_.\n          A thunder as of waves at the rising of the moon,\n          And a darkness on the graves though the day is at its noon.\n\n_2nd Echo_. A springing as of grass though the air is damp and chill,\n  And a glimmer from the river that winds about the hill.\n\n_1st Echo_. A lapse of crags that leant from the mountain's earthen\nsheath,\n  And a shock of ruin sent on the river underneath.\n\n_2nd Echo_. A sound as of a building that groweth fair and good,\n  And a piping of the thrushes from the hollow of the wood.\n\n_1st Echo_. A wailing as of lambs that have wandered from the flock,\n  And a bleating of their dams that was answered from the rock.\n\n_2nd Echo_. A breathing as of cattle in the shadow where they dream,\n  And a sound of children playing with the pebbles in the stream.\n\n_1st Echo_. A driving as of clouds in the kingdom of the air,\n  And a tumult as of crowds that mingle everywhere.\n\n_2nd Echo_. A waving of the grass, and a passing o'er the lakes,\n  And a shred of tempest-cloud in the glory when it breaks.\n\n\n\n_THE GOAL_\n\nIn God alone, the perfect end,\nWilt thou find thyself or friend.\n\n\n\n_THE HEALER_.\n\nThey come to thee, the halt, the maimed, the blind,\n  The devil-torn, the sick, the sore;\nThy heart their well of life they find,\n  Thine ear their open door.\n\nAh, who can tell the joy in Palestine--\n  What smiles and tears of rescued throngs!\nTheir lees of life were turned to wine,\n  Their prayers to shouts and songs!\n\nThe story dear our wise men fable call,\n  Give paltry facts the mighty range;\nTo me it seems just what should fall,\n  And nothing very strange.\n\nBut were I deaf and lame and blind and sore,\n  I scarce would care for cure to ask;\nAnother prayer should haunt thy door--\n  Set thee a harder task.\n\nIf thou art Christ, see here this heart of mine,\n  Torn, empty, moaning, and unblest!\nHad ever heart more need of thine,\n  If thine indeed hath rest?\n\nThy word, thy hand right soon did scare the bane\n  That in their bodies death did breed;\nIf thou canst cure my deeper pain\n  Then art thou lord indeed.\n\n\n\n_OH THAT A WIND_.\n\nOh that a wind would call\n  From the depths of the leafless wood!\nOh that a voice would fall\n  On the ear of my solitude!\n\nFar away is the sea,\n  With its sound and its spirit tone;\nOver it white clouds flee;\n  But I am alone, alone.\n\nStraight and steady and tall\n  The trees stand on their feet;\nFast by the old stone wall\n  The moss grows green and sweet;\nBut my heart is full of fears,\n  For the sun shines far away;\nAnd they look in my face through tears,\n  And the light of a dying day.\n\nMy heart was glad last night\n  As I pressed it with my palm;\nIts throb was airy and light\n  As it sang some spirit psalm;\nBut it died away in my breast\n  As I wandered forth to-day,--\nAs a bird sat dead on its nest,\n  While others sang on the spray.\n\nO weary heart of mine,\n  Is there ever a Truth for thee?\nWill ever a sun outshine\n  But the sun that shines on me?\nAway, away through the air\n  The clouds and the leaves are blown;\nAnd my heart hath need of prayer,\n  For it sitteth alone, alone.\n\n\n\n_A VISION OF ST. ELIGIUS_.\n\nI.\n\nI see thy house, but I am blown about,\n  A wind-mocked kite, between the earth and sky,\nAll out of doors--alas! of thy doors out,\n  And drenched in dews no summer suns can dry.\n\nFor every blast is passion of my own;\n  The dews cold sweats of selfish agony;\nDank vapour steams from memories lying prone;\n  And all my soul is but a stifled cry.\n\nII.\n\nLord, thou dost hold my string, else were I driven\n  Down to some gulf where I were tossed no more,\nNo turmoil telling I was not in heaven,\n  No billows raving on a blessed shore.\n\nThou standest on thy door-sill, calm as day,\n  And all my throbs and pangs are pulls from thee;\nHold fast the string, lest I should break away\n  And outer dark and silence swallow me.\n\nIII.\n\nNo longer fly thy kite, Lord; draw me home.\n  Thou pull'st the string through all the distance bleak;\nLord, I am nearing thee; O Lord, I come;\n  Thy pulls grow stronger and the wind grows weak.\n\nIn thy remodelling hands thou tak'st thy kite;\n  A moment to thy bosom hold'st me fast.\nThou flingest me abroad:--lo, in thy might\n  A strong-winged bird I soar on every blast!\n\n\n\n_OF THE SON OF MAN_.\n\nI. I honour Nature, holding it unjust\nTo look with jealousy on her designs;\nWith every passing year more fast she twines\nAbout my heart; with her mysterious dust\nClaim I a fellowship not less august\nAlthough she works before me and combines\nHer changing forms, wherever the sun shines\nSpreading a leafy volume on the crust\nOf the old world; and man himself likewise\nIs of her making: wherefore then divorce\nWhat God hath joined thus, and rend by force\nSpirit away from substance, bursting ties\nBy which in one great bond of unity\nGod hath together bound all things that be?\n\nII. And in these lines my purpose is to show\nThat He who left the Father, though he came\nNot with art-splendour or the earthly flame\nOf genius, yet in that he did bestow\nHis own true loving heart, did cause to grow,\nUnseen and buried deep, whate'er we name\nThe best in human art, without the shame\nOf idle sitting in most real woe;\nAnd that whate'er of Beautiful and Grand\nThe Earth contains, by him was not despised,\nBut rather was so deeply realized\nIn word and deed, though not with artist hand,\nThat it was either hid or all disguised\nFrom those who were not wise to understand.\n\nIII. Art is the bond of weakness, and we find\nTherein acknowledgment of failing power:\nA man would worship, gazing on a flower--\nOnward he passeth, lo his eyes are blind!\nThe unenlivened form he left behind\nGrew up within him only for an hour!\nAnd he will grapple with Nature till the dower\nOf strength shall be retreasured in his mind.\nAnd each form-record is a high protest\nOf treason done unto the soul of man,\nWhich, striving upwards, ever is oppress'd\nBy the old bondage, underneath whose ban\nHe, failing in his struggle for the best,\nMust live in pain upon what food he can.\n\nIV. Moreover, were there perfect harmony\n'Twixt soul and Nature, we should never waste\nThe precious hours in gazing, but should haste\nTo assimilate her offerings, and we\nFrom high life-elements, as doth the tree,\nShould grow to higher; so what we call Taste\nIs a slow living as of roots encased\nIn the grim chinks of some sterility\nBoth cramping and withholding. Art is Truth,\nBut Truth dammed up and frozen, gagged and bound\nAs is a streamlet icy and uncouth\nWhich pebbles hath and channel but no sound:\nGive it again its summer heart of youth\nAnd it will be a life upon the ground.\n\nV. And Love had not been prisoned in cold stone,\nNor Beauty smeared on the dead canvas so,\nHad not their worshipper been forced to go\nQuestful and restless through the world alone,\nSearching but finding not, till on him shone\nBack from his own deep heart a chilly glow\nAs of a frost-nipped sunbeam, or of snow\nUnder a storm-dodged crescent which hath grown\nWasted to mockery; and beneath such gleam\nHis wan conceits have found an utterance,\nWhich, had they found a true and sunny beam,\nHad ripened into real touch and glance--\nNay more, to real deed, the Truth of all,\nTo some perfection high and personal.\n\nVI. \"But yet the great of soul have ever been\nThe first to glory in all works of art;\nFor from the genius-form would ever dart\nA light of inspiration, and a sheen\nAs of new comings; and ourselves have seen\nMen of stern purpose to whose eyes would start\nSorrow at sight of sorrow though no heart\nDid riot underneath that chilly, screen;\nAnd hence we judge such utterance native to\nThe human soul--expression highest--best.\"\n--Nay, it is by such sign they will pursue,\nAlbeit unknowing, Beauty, without rest;\nAnd failing in the search, themselves will fling\nSpeechless before its shadow, worshipping.\n\nVII. And how shall he whose mission is to bring\nThe soul to worship at its rightful shrine,\nSeeing in Beauty what is most divine,\nGive out the mightiest impulse, and thus fling\nHis soul into the future, scattering\nThe living seed of wisdom? Shall there shine\nFrom underneath his hand a matchless line\nOf high earth-beauties, till the wide world ring\nWith the far clang that tells a missioned soul,\nKneeling to homage all about his feet?\nAlas for such a gift were this the whole,\nThe only bread of life men had to eat!\nLo, I behold them dead about him now,\nAnd him the heart of death, for all that brow!\n\nVIII. If _Thou_ didst pass by Art, thou didst not scorn\nThe souls that by such symbol yearned in vain\nFrom Truth and Love true nourishment to gain:\nOn thy warm breast, so chilly and forlorn\nFell these thy nurslings little more than born\nThat thou wast anguished, and there fell a rain\nFrom thy blest eyelids, and in grief and pain\nThou partedst from them yet one night and morn\nTo find them wholesome food and nourishment\nInstead of what their blindness took for such,\nLaying thyself a seed in earthen rent\nFrom which, outspringing to the willing touch,\nRiseth for all thy children harvest great,\nFor which they will all learn to bless thee yet.\n\nIV. Thou sawest Beauty in the streaking cloud\nWhen grief lift up those eyelids; nor in scorn\nBroke ever on thine eyes the purple morn\nAlong the cedar tops; to thee aloud\nSpake the night-solitude, when hushed and bowed\nThe earth lay at thy feet stony and worn;\nLoving thou markedst when the lamb unshorn\nWas glad before thee, and amongst the crowd\nFamished and pent in cities did thine eye\nRead strangest glory--though in human art\nNo record lives to tell us that thy heart\nBowed to its own deep beauty: deeper did lie\nThe burden of thy mission, even whereby\nWe know that Beauty liveth where Thou art.\n\nX. Doubtless thine eyes have watched the sun aspire\nFrom that same Olivet, when back on thee\nFlushed upwards after some night-agony\nThy proper Godhead, with a purer fire\nPurpling thy Infinite, and in strong desire\nThou sattest in the dawn that was to be\nUplifted on our dark perplexity.\nYea in thee lay thy soul, a living lyre,\nAnd each wild beauty smote it, though the sound\nRung to the night-winds oft and desert air;\nBeneath thine eyes the lily paled more fair,\nAnd each still shadow slanting on the ground\nLay sweetly on thee as commissioned there,\nSo full wast thou of eyes all round and round.\n\nXI. And so thou neededst not our human skill\nTo fix what thus were transient--there it grew\nWedded to thy perfection; and anew\nWith every coming vision rose there still\nSome living principle which did fulfil\nThy most legitimate manhood; and unto\nThy soul all Nature rendered up its due\nWith not a contradiction; and each hill\nAnd mountain torrent and each wandering light\nGrew out divinely on thy countenance,\nWhereon, as we are told, by word and glance\nThy hearers read an ever strange delight--So\nstrange to them thy Truth, they could not tell\nWhat made thy message so unspeakable.\n\nXII. And by such living witness didst thou preach:\nNot with blind hands of groping forward thrust\nInto the darkness, gathering only dust,\nBut by this real sign--that thou didst reach,\nIn natural order, rising each from each,\nThy own ideals of the True and Just;\nAnd that as thou didst live, even so he must\nWho would aspire his fellow-men to teach,\nLooking perpetual from new heights of Thought\nOn his old self. Of art no scorner thou!\nInstead of leafy chaplet, on thy brow\nWearing the light of manhood, thou hast brought\nDeath unto Life! Above all statues now,\nImmortal Artist, hail! thy work is wrought!\n\nXIII. Solemn and icy stand ye in my eyes,\nFar up into the niches of the Past,\nYe marble statues, dim and holden fast\nWithin your stony homes! nor human cries\nHad shook you from your frozen phantasies\nOr sent the life-blood through you, till there passed\nThrough all your chilly bulks a new life-blast\nFrom the Eternal Living, and ye rise\nFrom out your stiffened postures rosy-warm,\nWalking abroad a goodly company\nOf living virtues at that wondrous charm,\nAs he with human heart and hand and eye\nWalked sorrowing upon our highways then,\nThe Eternal Father's living gift to men!\n\nXIV. As the pent torrent in uneasy rest\nUnder the griping rocks, doth ever keep\nA monstrous working as it lies asleep\nIn the round hollow of some mountain's breast,\nTill where it hideth in its sweltering nest\nSome earthquake finds it, and its waters leap\nForth to the sunshine down the mighty steep,\nSo in thee once was anguished forth the quest\nWhereby man sought for life-power as he lay\nUnder his own proud heart and black despair\nWedged fast and stifled up with loads of care,\nYet at dumb struggle with the tyrant clay;\nThou wentest down below the roots of prayer,\nAnd he hath cried aloud since that same day!\n\nXV. As he that parts in hatred from a friend\nMixing with other men forgets the woe\nWhich anguished him when he beheld and lo\nTwo souls had fled asunder which did bend\nUnder the same blue heaven! yet ere the end,\nWhen the loud world hath tossed him to and fro,\nWill often strangely reappear that glow\nAt simplest memory which some chance may send,\nAlthough much stronger bonds have lost their power:\nSo thou God-sent didst come in lowly guise,\nStriking on simple chords,--not with surprise\nOr mightiest recollectings in that hour,\nBut like remembered fragrance of a flower\nA man with human heart and loving eyes.\n\n_March_, 1852.\n\n\n\n_A SONG-SERMON:_\n\nJob xiv. 13-15.\n\nRONDEL.\n\nWould that thou hid me in the grave\nAnd kept me with death's gaoler-care;\nUntil thy wrath away should wear\nA sentence fixed thy prisoner gave!\nI would endure with patience brave\nSo thou remembered I was there!\nWould that thou hid me in the grave,\nAnd kept me with death's gaoler-care!\n\nTo see thy creature thou wouldst crave--\nDesire thy handiwork so fair;\nThen wouldst thou call through death's dank air\nAnd I would answer from the cave!\nWould that thou hid me in the grave,\nAnd kept me with death's gaoler-care!\n\n\n\n_WORDS IN THE NIGHT_.\n\nI woke at midnight, and my heart,\nMy beating heart, said this to me:\nThou seest the moon, how calm and bright!\nThe world is fair by day and night,\nBut what is that to thee?\nOne touch to me, down dips the light\nOver the land and sea.\nAll is mine, all is my own!\nToss the purple fountain high!\nThe breast of man is a vat of stone;\nI am alive, I, only I!\n\nOne little touch and all is dark--\nThe winter with its sparkling moons,\nThe spring with all her violets,\nThe crimson dawns and rich sunsets,\nThe autumn's yellowing noons!\nI only toss my purple jets,\nAnd thou art one that swoons\nUpon a night of gust and roar,\nShipwrecked among the waves, and seems\nAcross the purple hills to roam:\nSweet odours touch him from the foam,\nAnd downward sinking still he dreams\nHe walks the clover fields at home\nAnd hears the rattling teams.\nAll is mine, all is my own!\nToss the purple fountain high!\nThe breast of man is a vat of stone;\nI am alive, I, only I!\n\nThou hast beheld a throated fountain spout\nFull in the air, and in the downward spray\nA hovering Iris span the marble tank,\nWhich, as the wind came, ever rose and sank,\nViolet and red; so my continual play\nMakes beauty for the Gods with many a prank\nOf human excellence, while they,\nWeary of all the noon, in shadows sweet,\nSupine and heavy-eyed rest in the boundless heat.\nLet the world's fountain play!\nBeauty is pleasant in the eyes of Jove;\nBetwixt the wavering shadows where he lies\nHe marks the dancing column with his eyes\nCelestial, and amid his inmost grove\nUpgathers all his limbs, serenely blest,\nLulled by the mellow noise of the great world's unrest.\n\nOne heart beats in all nature, differing\nBut in the work it works; its doubts and clamours\nAre but the waste and brunt of instruments\nWherewith a work is done, or as the hammers\nOn forge Cyclopean plied beneath the rents\nOf lowest Etna, conquering into shape\nThe hard and scattered ore;\nChoose thou narcotics, and the dizzy grape\nOutworking passion, lest with horrid crash\nThy life go from thee in a night of pain;\nSo tutoring thy vision, shall the flash\nOf dove white-breasted be to thee no more\nThan a white stone heavy upon the plain.\n\nHark, the cock crows loud!\nAnd without, all ghastly and ill,\nLike a man uplift in his shroud,\nThe white, white morn is propped on the hill;\nAnd adown from the eaves, pointed and chill\nThe icicles 'gin to glitter\nAnd the birds with a warble short and shrill\nPass by the chamber-window still--\nWith a quick, uneasy twitter!\nLet me pump warm blood, for the cold is bitter;\nAnd wearily, wearily, one by one,\nMen awake with the weary sun!\nLife is a phantom shut in thee:\nI am the master and keep the key;\nSo let me toss thee the days of old\nCrimson and orange and green and gold;\nSo let me fill thee yet again\nWith a rush of dreams from my spout amain;\nFor all is mine, all is my own:\nToss the purple fountain high!\nThe breast of man is a vat of stone,\nAnd I am alive, I only, I!\n\n\n\n_CONSIDER THE RAVENS_\n\nLord, according to thy words,\nI have considered thy birds;\nAnd I find their life good,\nAnd better the better understood:\nSowing neither corn nor wheat\nThey have all that they can eat;\nReaping no more than they sow\nThey have more than they could stow;\nHaving neither barn nor store,\nHungry again, they eat more.\n\nConsidering, I see too that they\nHave a busy life, and plenty of play;\nIn the earth they dig their bills deep\nAnd work well though they do not heap;\nThen to play in the air they are not loath,\nAnd their nests between are better than both.\nBut this is when there blow no storms,\nWhen berries are plenty in winter, and worms,\nWhen feathers are rife, with oil enough--\nTo keep the cold out and send the rain off;\nIf there come, indeed, a long hard frost\nThen it looks as thy birds were lost.\n\nBut I consider further, and find\nA hungry bird has a free mind;\nHe is hungry to-day, not to-morrow,\nSteals no comfort, no grief doth borrow;\nThis moment is his, thy will hath said it,\nThe next is nothing till thou hast made it.\n\nThy bird has pain, but has no fear\nWhich is the worst of any gear;\nWhen cold and hunger and harm betide him,\nHe does not take them and stuff inside him;\nContent with the day's ill he has got,\nHe waits just, nor haggles with his lot:\nNeither jumbles God's will\nWith driblets from his own still.\n\nBut next I see, in my endeavour,\nThy birds here do not live for ever;\nThat cold or hunger, sickness or age\nFinishes their earthly stage;\nThe rooks drop in cold nights,\nLeaving all their wrongs and rights;\nBirds lie here and birds lie there\nWith their feathers all astare;\nAnd in thy own sermon, thou\nThat the sparrow falls dost allow.\n\nIt shall not cause me any alarm,\nFor neither so comes the bird to harm\nSeeing our father, thou hast said,\nIs by the sparrow's dying bed;\nTherefore it is a blessed place,\nAnd the sparrow in high grace.\n\nIt cometh therefore to this, Lord:\nI have considered thy word,\nAnd henceforth will be thy bird.\n\n\n\n_THE WIND OF THE WORLD_.\n\nChained is the Spring. The Night-wind bold\n  Blows over the hard earth;\nTime is not more confused and cold,\n  Nor keeps more wintry mirth.\n\nYet blow, and roll the world about--\n  Blow, Time, blow, winter's Wind!\nThrough chinks of time heaven peepeth out,\n  And Spring the frost behind.\n\n\n\n_SABBATH BELLS_.\n\nOh holy Sabbath bells,\nYe have a pleasant voice!\nThrough all the land your music swells,\nAnd man with one commandment tells\nTo rest and to rejoice.\n\nAs birds rejoice to flee\nFrom dark and stormy skies\nTo brighter lands beyond the sea\nWhere skies are calm, and wings are free\nTo wander and to rise;\n\nAs thirsty travellers sing,\nThrough desert paths that pass,\nTo hear the welcome waters spring,\nAnd see, beyond the spray they fling\nTall trees and waving grass;\n\nSo we rejoice to know\nYour melody begun;\nFor when our paths are parched below\nYe tell us where green pastures glow\nAnd living waters run.\n\nLONDON, _December_ 15, 1840.\n\n\n\n_FIGHTING_.\n\nHere is a temple strangely wrought:\n  Within it I can see\nTwo spirits of a diverse thought\n  Contend for mastery.\n\nOne is an angel fair and bright,\n  Adown the aisle comes he,\nAdown the aisle in raiment white,\n  A creature fair to see.\n\nThe other wears an evil mien,\n  And he hath doubtless slipt,\nA fearful being dark and lean,\n  Up from the mouldy crypt.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nIs that the roof that grows so black?\n  Did some one call my name?\nWas it the bursting thunder crack\n  That filled this place with flame?\n\nI move--I wake from out my sleep:\n  Some one hath victor been!\nI see two radiant pinions sweep,\n  And I am borne between.\n\nBeneath the clouds that under roll\n  An upturned face I see--\nA dead man's face, but, ah, the soul\n  Was right well known to me!\n\nA man's dead face! Away I haste\n  Through regions calm and fair:\nGo vanquish sin, and thou shall taste\n  The same celestial air.\n\n\n\n_AFTER THE FASHION OF AN OLD EMBLEM._\n\nI have long enough been working down in my cellar,\n  Working spade and pick, boring-chisel and drill;\nI long for wider spaces, airy, clear-dark, and stellar:\n  Successless labour never the love of it did fill.\n\nMore profit surely lies in a holy, pure quiescence,\n  In a setting forth of cups to catch the heavenly rain,\nIn a yielding of the being to the ever waiting presence,\n  In a lifting of the eyes upward, homeward again!\n\nUp to my garret, its storm-windows and skylights!\n  There I'll lay me on the floor, and patient let the sun,\nThe moon and the stars, the blueness and the twilights\n  Do what their pleasure is, and wait till they have done.\n\nBut, lo, I hear a waving on the roof of great pinions!\n  'Tis the labour of a windmill, broad-spreading to the wind!\nLo, down there goes a. shaft through all the house-dominions!\n  I trace it to a cellar, whose door I cannot find.\n\nBut there I hear ever a keen diamond-drill in motion,\n  Now fast and now slow as the wind sits in the sails,\nDrilling and boring to the far eternal ocean,\n  The living well of all wells whose water never fails.\n\nSo now I go no more to the cellar to my labour,\n  But up to my garret where those arms are ever going;\nThere the sky is ever o'er me, and the wind my blessed neighbour,\n  And the prayer-handle ready turns the sails to its blowing.\n\nBlow, blow, my blessed wind; oh, keep ever blowing!\n  Keep the great windmill going full and free;\nSo shall the diamond-drill down below keep going\n  Till in burst the waters of God's eternal sea.\n\n\n\n_A PRAYER IN SICKNESS._\n\nThou foldest me in sickness;\n  Thou callest through the cloud;\nI batter with the thickness\n  Of the swathing, blinding shroud:\nOh, let me see thy face,\nThe only perfect grace\n  That thou canst show thy child.\n\n0 father, being-giver,\n  Take off the sickness-cloud;\nSaviour, my life deliver\n  From this dull body-shroud:\nTill I can see thy face\nI am not full of grace,\n  I am not reconciled.\n\n\n\n_QUIET DEAD!_\n\nQuiet, quiet dead,\nHave ye aught to say\nFrom your hidden bed\nIn the earthy clay?\n\nFathers, children, mothers,\nYe are very quiet;\nCan ye shout, my brothers?\nI would know you by it!\n\nHave ye any words\nThat are like to ours?\nHave ye any birds?\nHave ye any flowers?\n\nCould ye rise a minute\nWhen the sun is warm?\nI would know you in it,\nI would take no harm.\n\nI am half afraid\nIn the ghostly night;\nIf ye all obeyed\nI should fear you quite.\n\nBut when day is breaking\nIn the purple east\nI would meet you waking--\nOne of you at least--\n\nWhen the sun is tipping\nEvery stony block,\nAnd the sun is slipping\nDown the weathercock.\n\nQuiet, quiet dead,\nI will not perplex you;\nWhat my tongue hath said\nHaply it may vex you!\n\nYet I hear you speaking\nWith a quiet speech,\nAs if ye were seeking\nBetter things to teach:\n\n\"Wait a little longer,\nSuffer and endure\nTill your heart is stronger\nAnd your eyes are pure--\n\nA little longer, brother,\nWith your fellow-men:\nWe will meet each other\nOtherwhere again.\"\n\n\n\n_LET YOUR LIGHT SO SHINE._\n\nSometimes, O Lord, thou lightest in my head\n  A lamp that well might pharos all the lands;\nAnon the light will neither rise nor spread:\n  Shrouded in danger gray the beacon stands!\n\nA pharos? Oh dull brain! poor dying lamp\n  Under a bushel with an earthy smell!\nMouldering it stands, in rust and eating damp,\n  While the slow oil keeps oozing from its cell!\n\nFor me it were enough to be a flower\n  Knowing its root in thee, the Living, hid,\nOrdained to blossom at the appointed hour,\n  And wake or sleep as thou, my Nature, bid;\n\nBut hear my brethren in their darkling fright!\n  Hearten my lamp that it may shine abroad\nThen will they cry--Lo, there is something bright!\n  Who kindled it if not the shining God?\n\n\n\n_TRIOLET._\n\nWhen the heart is a cup\n  In the body low lying,\nAnd wine, drop by drop\n  Falls into that cup\n\nFrom somewhere high up,\n  It is good to be dying\nWith the heart for a cup\n  In the body low lying.\n\n\n\n_THE SOULS' RISING._\n\n  See how the storm of life ascends\nUp through the shadow of the world!\nBeyond our gaze the line extends,\nLike wreaths of vapour tempest-hurled!\nGrasp tighter, brother, lest the storm\nShould sweep us down from where we stand,\nAnd we may catch some human form\nWe know, amongst the straining band.\n\n  See! see in yonder misty cloud\nOne whirlwind sweep, and we shall hear\nThe voice that waxes yet more loud\nAnd louder still approaching near!\n\n  Tremble not, brother, fear not thou,\nFor yonder wild and mystic strain\nWill bring before us strangely now\nThe visions of our youth again!\n\n  Listen! oh listen!\nSee how its eyeballs roll and glisten\nWith a wild and fearful stare\nUpwards through the shining air,\nOr backwards with averted look,\nAs a child were gazing at a book\nFull of tales of fear and dread,\nWhen the thick night-wind came hollow and dead.\n\n  Round about it, wavering and light.\nAs the moths flock round a candle at night,\nA crowd of phantoms sheeted and dumb\nStrain to its words as they shrilly come:\nBrother, my brother, dost thou hear?\nThey pierce through the tumult sharp and clear!\n\n  \"The rush of speed is on my soul,\nMy eyes are blind with things I see;\nI cannot grasp the awful whole,\nI cannot gird the mystery!\nThe mountains sweep like mist away;\nThe great sea shakes like flakes of fire;\nThe rush of things I cannot see\nIs mounting upward higher and higher!\nOh! life was still and full of calm\nIn yonder spot of earthly ground,\nBut now it rolls a thunder-psalm,\nIts voices drown my ear in sound!\nWould God I were a child again\nTo nurse the seeds of faith and power;\nI might have clasped in wisdom then\nA wing to beat this awful hour!\nThe dullest things would take my marks--\n_They_ took my marks like drifted snow--\nGod! how the footsteps rise in sparks,\nRise like myself and onward go!\nHave pity, O ye driving things\nThat once like me had human form!\nFor I am driven for lack of wings\nA shreddy cloud before the storm!\"\n\n  How its words went through me then,\nLike a long forgotten pang,\nTill the storm's embrace again\nSwept it far with sudden clang!--\nAh, methinks I see it still!\nLet us follow it, my brother,\nKeeping close to one another,\nBlessing God for might of will!\nCloser, closer, side by side!\nOurs are wings that deftly glide\nUpwards, downwards, and crosswise\nFlashing past our ears and eyes,\nSplitting up the comet-tracks\nWith a whirlwind at our backs!\n\n  How the sky is blackening!\nYet the race is never slackening;\nSwift, continual, and strong,\nStreams the torrent <DW72> along,\nLike a tidal surge of faces\nMolten into one despair;\nEach the other now displaces,\nA continual whirl of spaces;\nAh, my fainting eyesight reels\nAs I strive in vain to stare\nOn a thousand turning wheels\nDimly in the gloom descending,\nFaces with each other blending!--\nLet us beat the vapours back,\nWe are yet upon his track.\n\n  Didst thou see a spirit halt\nUpright on a cloudy peak,\nAs the lightning's horrid fault\nSmote a gash into the cheek\nOf the grinning thunder-cloud\nWhich doth still besiege and crowd\nUpward from the nether pits\nWhere the monster Chaos sits,\nBuilding o'er the fleeing rack\nRoofs of thunder long and black?\nYes, I see it! I will shout\nTill I stop the horrid rout.\nHo, ho! spirit-phantom, tell\nIs thy path to heaven or hell?\nWe would hear thee yet again,\nWhat thy standing amongst men,\nWhat thy former history,\nAnd thy hope of things to be!\nWisdom still we gain from hearing:\nWe would know, we would know\nWhither thou art steering--\nUnto weal or woe!\n\n\n  Ah, I cannot hear it speaking!\nYet it seems as it were seeking\nThrough our eyes our souls to reach\nWith a quaint mysterious speech,\nAs with stretched and crossing palms\nOne were tracing diagrams\nOn the ebbing of the beach,\nTill with wild unmeasured dance\nAll the tiptoe waves advance,\nSeize him by the shoulder, cover,\nTurn him up and toss him over:\nHe is vanished from our sight,\nNothing mars the quiet night\nSave a speck of gloom afar\nLike the ruin of a star!\n\n  Brother, streams it ever so,\nSuch a torrent tide of woe?\nAh, I know not; let us haste\nUpwards from this dreary waste,\nUp to where like music flowing\nGentler feet are ever going,\nStreams of life encircling run\nRound about the spirit-sun!\nUp beyond the storm and rush\nWith our lesson let us rise!\nLo, the morning's golden flush\nMeets us midway in the skies!\nPerished all the dream and strife!\nDeath is swallowed up of Life!\n\n\n\n_AWAKE!_\n\n  The stars are all watching;\n  God's angel is catching\nAt thy skirts in the darkness deep!\n  Gold hinges grating,\n  The mighty dead waiting,\nWhy dost thou sleep?\n\n  Years without number,\n  Ages of slumber,\nStiff in the track of the infinite One!\n  Dead, can I think it?\n  Dropt like a trinket,\nA thing whose uses are done!\n\n  White wings are crossing,\n  Glad waves are tossing,\nThe earth flames out in crimson and green\n  Spring is appearing,\n  Summer is nearing--\nWhere hast thou been?\n\n  Down in some cavern,\n  Death's sleepy tavern,\nHousing, carousing with spectres of night?\n  There is my right hand!\n  Grasp it full tight and\nSpring to the light.\n\n  Wonder, oh, wonder!\n  How the life-thunder\nBursts on his ear in horror and dread!\n  Happy shapes meet him;\n  Heaven and earth greet him:\nLife from the dead!\n\n\n\n_TO AN AUTOGRAPH-HUNTER_.\n\nSeek not my name--it doth no virtue bear;\n  Seek, seek thine own primeval name to find--\nThe name God called when thy ideal fair\n  Arose in deeps of the eternal mind.\n\nWhen that thou findest, thou art straight a lord\n  Of time and space--art heir of all things grown;\nAnd not my name, poor, earthly label-word,\n  But I myself thenceforward am thine own.\n\nThou hearest not? Or hearest as a man\n  Who hears the muttering of a foolish spell?\nMy very shadow would feel strange and wan\n  In thy abode:--I say _No_, and _Farewell_.\n\nThou understandest? Then it is enough;\n  No shadow-deputy shall mock my friend;\nWe walk the same path, over smooth and rough,\n  To meet ere long at the unending end.\n\n\n\n_WITH A COPY OF \"IN MEMORIAM.\"_\n\n       TO E.M. II.\n\nDear friend, you love the poet's song,\n  And here is one for your regard.\n  You know the \"melancholy bard,\"\nWhose grief is wise as well as strong;\n\nAlready something understand\n  For whom he mourns and what he sings,\n  And how he wakes with golden strings\nThe echoes of \"the silent land;\"\n\nHow, restless, faint, and worn with grief,\n  Yet loving all and hoping all,\n  He gazes where the shadows fall,\nAnd finds in darkness some relief;\n\nAnd how he sends his cries across,\n  His cries for him that comes no more,\n  Till one might think that silent shore\nFull of the burden of his loss;\n\nAnd how there comes sublimer cheer--\n  Not darkness solacing sad eyes,\n  Not the wild joy of mournful cries,\nBut light that makes his spirit clear;\n\nHow, while he gazes, something high,\n  Something of Heaven has fallen on him,\n  His distance and his future dim\nBroken into a dawning sky!\n\nSomething of this, dear friend, you know;\n  And will you take the book from me\n  That holds this mournful melody,\nAnd softens grief to sadness so?\n\nPerhaps it scarcely suits the day\n  Of joyful hopes and memories clear,\n  When love should have no thought of fear,\nAnd only smiles be round your way;\n\nYet from the mystery and the gloom,\n  From tempted faith and conquering trust,\n  From spirit stronger than the dust,\nAnd love that looks beyond the tomb,\n\nWhat can there be but good to win,\n  But hope for life, but love for all,\n  But strength whatever may befall?--\nSo for the year that you begin,\n\nFor all the years that follow this\n  While a long happy life endures,\n  This hope, this love, this strength be yours,\nAnd afterwards a larger bliss!\n\nMay nothing in this mournful song\n  Too much take off your thoughts from time,\n  For joy should fill your vernal prime,\nAnd peace your summer mild and long.\n\nAnd may his love who can restore\n  All losses, give all new good things,\n  Like loving eyes and sheltering wings\nBe round us all for evermore!\n\n\n\n_THEY ARE BLIND_.\n\nThey are blind, and they are dead:\n  We will wake them as we go;\nThere are words have not been said,\n  There are sounds they do not know:\n    We will pipe and we will sing--\n    With the Music and the Spring\n    Set their hearts a wondering!\n\nThey are tired of what is old,\n  We will give it voices new;\nFor the half hath not been told\n  Of the Beautiful and True.\n    Drowsy eyelids shut and sleeping!\n    Heavy eyes oppressed with weeping!\n    Flashes through the lashes leaping!\n\nYe that have a pleasant voice,\n  Hither come without delay;\nYe will never have a choice\n  Like to that ye have to-day:\n    Round the wide world we will go,\n    Singing through the frost and snow\n    Till the daisies are in blow.\n\nYe that cannot pipe or sing,\n  Ye must also come with speed;\nYe must come, and with you bring\n  Weighty word and weightier deed--\n    Helping hands and loving eyes!\n    These will make them truly wise--\n    Then will be our Paradise.\n\n_March 27, 1852._\n\n\n\n_WHEN THE STORM WAS PROUDEST_.\n\n  When the storm was proudest,\n  And the wind was loudest,\nI heard the hollow caverns drinking down below;\n  When the stars were bright,\n  And the ground was white,\nI heard the grasses springing underneath the snow.\n\n  Many voices spake--\n  The river to the lake,\nAnd the iron-ribbed sky was talking to the sea;\n  And every starry spark\n  Made music with the dark,\nAnd said how bright and beautiful everything must be.\n\n  When the sun was setting,\n  All the clouds were getting\nBeautiful and silvery in the rising moon;\n  Beneath the leafless trees\n  Wrangling in the breeze,\nI could hardly see them for the leaves of June.\n\n  When the day had ended,\n  And the night descended,\nI heard the sound of streams that I heard not through the day,\n  And every peak afar\n  Was ready for a star,\nAnd they climbed and rolled around until the morning gray.\n\n  Then slumber soft and holy\n  Came down upon me slowly,\nAnd I went I know not whither, and I lived I know not how;\n  My glory had been banished,\n  For when I woke it vanished;\nBut I waited on its coming, and I am waiting now.\n\n\n\n_THE DIVER._\n\n    FROM SCHILLER.\n\n\"Which of you, knight or squire, will dare\n  Plunge into yonder gulf?\nA golden beaker I fling in it--there!\n  The black mouth swallows it like a wolf!\nWho brings me the cup again, whoever,\nIt is his own--he may keep it for ever!\"\n\n'Tis the king who speaks. He flings from the brow\n  Of the cliff, that, rugged and steep,\nHangs out o'er the endless sea below,\n  The cup in the whirlpool's howling heap:--\n\"Again I ask, what hero will follow,\nWhat hero plunge into yon dark hollow?\"\n\nThe knights and the squires the king about\n  Hear, and dumbly stare\nInto the wild sea's tumbling rout;\n  To win the beaker they hardly care!\nThe king, for the third time, round him glaring--\n\"Not one soul of you has the daring?\"\n\nSpeechless all, as before, they stand.\n  Then a squire, young, gentle, gay,\nSteps from his comrades' shrinking band,\n  Flinging his girdle and cloak away;\nAnd all the women and men that surrounded\nGazed on the noble youth, astounded.\n\nAnd when he stepped to the rock's rough brow\n  And looked down on the gulf so black,\nThe waters which it had swallowed, now\nCharybdis bellowing rendered back;\nAnd, with a roar as of distant thunder,\nFoaming they burst from the dark lap under.\n\nIt wallows, seethes, hisses in raging rout,\n  As when water wrestles with fire,\nTill to heaven the yeasty tongues they spout;\n  And flood upon flood keeps mounting higher:\nIt will never its endless coil unravel,\nAs the sea with another sea were in travail!\n\nBut, at last, slow sinks the writhing spasm,\n  And, black through the foaming white,\nDownward gapes a yawning chasm--\n  Bottomless, cloven to hell's wide night;\nAnd, sucked up, see the billows roaring\nDown through the whirling funnel pouring!\n\nThen in haste, ere the out-rage return again,\n  The youth to his God doth pray,\nAnd--ascends a cry of horror and pain!--\n  Already the vortex hath swept him away,\nAnd o'er the bold swimmer, in darkness eternal,\nClose the great jaws of the gulf infernal!\n\nThen the water above grows smooth as glass,\n  While, below, dull roarings ply;\nAnd trembling they hear the murmur pass--\n  \"High-hearted youth, farewell, good-bye!\"\nAnd hollower still comes the howl affraying,\nTill their hearts are sick with the frightful delaying.\n\nIf the crown itself thou in should fling,\n  And say, \"Who back with it hies\nHimself shall wear it, and shall be king,\"\n  I would not covet the precious prize!\nWhat Ocean hides in that howling hell of it\nLive soul will never come back to tell of it!\n\nShips many, caught in that whirling surge,\n  Shot sheer to their dismal doom:\nKeel and mast only did ever emerge,\n  Shattered, from out the all-gulping tomb!--\nLike the bluster of tempest, clearer and clearer,\nComes its roaring nearer and ever nearer!\n\nIt wallows, seethes, hisses, in raging rout,\n  As when water wrestles with fire,\nTill to heaven the yeasty tongues they spout,\n  Wave upon wave's back mounting higher;\nAnd as with the grumble of distant thunder,\nBellowing it bursts from the dark lap under.\n\nAnd, see, from its bosom, flowing dark,\n  Something heave up, swan-white!\nAn arm and a shining neck they mark,\n  And it rows with never relaxing might!\nIt is he! and high his golden capture\nHis left hand waves in success's rapture!\n\nWith long deep breaths his path he ploughed,\n  And he hailed the heavenly day;\nJubilant shouted the gazing crowd,\n  \"He lives! he is there! he broke away!\nOut of the grave, the whirlpool uproarious,\nThe hero hath rescued his life victorious!\"\n\nHe comes; they surround him with shouts of glee;\n  At the king's feet he sinks on the sod,\nAnd hands him the beaker upon his knee;\n  To his lovely daughter the king gives a nod:\nShe fills it brim-full of wine sparkling and playing,\nAnd then to the king the youth turned him saying:\n\n\"Long live the king!--Well doth he fare\n  Who breathes in this rosy light,\nBut, ah, it is horrible down there!\n  And man must not tempt the heavenly Might,\nOr ever seek, with prying unwholesome,\nWhat he graciously covers with darkness dolesome!\n\n\"It tore me down with a headlong swing;\n  Then a shaft in a rock outpours,\nWild-rushing against me, a torrent spring;\n  It seized me, the double stream's raging force,\nAnd like a top, with giddy twisting,\nIt spun me round--there was no resisting!\n\n\"Then God did show me, sore beseeching\n  In deepest, frightfullest need,\nUp from the bottom a rock-ledge reaching--\n  At it I caught, and from death was freed!\nAnd, behold, on spiked corals the beaker suspended,\nWhich had else to the very abyss descended!\n\n\"For below me it lay yet mountain-deep\n  The purply darksome maw;\nAnd though to the ear it was dead asleep,\n  The ghasted eye, down staring, saw\nHow with dragons, lizards, salamanders crawling,\nThe hell-jaws horrible were sprawling.\n\n\"Black swarming in medley miscreate,\n  In masses lumped hideously,\nWallowed the conger, the thorny skate,\n  The lobster's grisly deformity;\nAnd bared its teeth with cruel sheen a\nTerrible shark, the sea's hyena.\n\n\"And there I hung, and shuddering knew\n  That human help was none;\nOne thinking soul mid the horrid crew,\n  In the ghastly solitude I was alone--\nDeeper than man's speech ever sounded,\nBy the waste sea's dismal monsters surrounded.\n\n\"I thought and shivered. Then something crept near,\n  Moved at once a hundred joints!\nNow it will have me!--Frantic with fear\n  I lost my grasp of the coral points!\nAway the whirl in its raging tore me,\nBut it was my salvation, and upward bore me!\"\n\nThe king at the tale is filled with amaze:--\n  \"The beaker, well won, is thine;\nAnd this ring I will give thee too,\" he says,\n  \"Precious with gems that are more than fine,\nIf thou dive yet once, and bring me the story--\nWhat thou sawst in the sea's lowest repertory.\"\n\nHis daughter she hears with a tender dismay,\n  And her words sweet-suasive plead:\n\"Father, enough of this cruel play!\n  For you he has done an unheard-of deed!\nAnd can you not master your soul's desire,\n'Tis the knights' turn now to disgrace the squire!\"\n\nThe king he snatches and hurls the cup\n  Into the swirling pool:--\n\"If thou bring me once more that beaker up,\n  My best knight I hold thee, most worshipful;\nAnd this very day to thy home thou shall lead her\nWho there for thee stands such a pitying pleader.\"\n\nA heavenly passion his being invades,\n  His eyes dart a lightning ray;\nHe sees on her beauty the flushing shades,\n  He sees her grow pallid and sink away!\nDetermination thorough him flashes,\nAnd downward for life or for death he dashes!\n\nThey hear the dull roar!--it is turning again,\n  Its herald the thunderous brawl!\nDownward they bend with loving strain:\n  They come! they are coming, the waters all!--\nThey rush up!--they rush down!--up, down, for ever!\nThe youth again bring they never.\n\n\n\n_TO THE CLOUDS._\n\nThrough the unchanging heaven, as ye have sped,\nSpeed onward still, a strange wild company,\nFleet children of the waters! Glorious ye,\nWhether the sun lift up his shining head,\nHigh throned at noontide and established\nAmong the shifting pillars, or we see\nThe sable ghosts of air sleep mournfully\nAgainst the sunlight, passionless and dead!\nTake thus a glory, oh thou higher Sun,\nFrom all the cloudy labour of man's hand--\nWhether the quickening nations rise and run,\nOr in the market-place we idly stand\nCasting huge shadows over these thy plains--\nEven thence, O God, draw thy rich gifts of rains.\n\n\n\n_SECOND SIGHT._\n\nRich is the fancy which can double back\nAll seeming forms, and from cold icicles\nBuild up high glittering palaces where dwells\nSummer perfection, moulding all this wrack\nTo spirit symmetry, and doth not lack\nThe power to hear amidst the funeral bells\nThe eternal heart's wind-melody which swells\nIn whirlwind flashes all along its track!\nSo hath the sun made all the winter mine\nWith gardens springing round me fresh and fair;\nOn hidden leaves uncounted jewels shine;\nI live with forms of beauty everywhere,\nPeopling the crumbling waste and icy pool\nWith sights and sounds of life most beautiful.\n\n\n\n_NOT UNDERSTOOD._\n\nTumultuous rushing o'er the outstretched plains;\nA wildered maze of comets and of suns;\nThe blood of changeless God that ever runs\nWith quick diastole up the immortal veins;\nA phantom host that moves and works in chains;\nA monstrous fiction, which, collapsing, stuns\nThe mind to stupor and amaze at once;\nA tragedy which that man best explains\nWho rushes blindly on his wild career\nWith trampling hoofs and sound of mailed war,\nWho will not nurse a life to win a tear,\nBut is extinguished like a falling star;--\nSuch will at times this life appear to me\nUntil I learn to read more perfectly.\n\n\n\n_HOM. IL. v. 403._\n\nIf thou art tempted by a thought of ill,\nCrave not too soon for victory, nor deem\nThou art a coward if thy safety seem\nTo spring too little from a righteous will;\nFor there is nightmare on thee, nor until\nThy soul hath caught the morning's early gleam\nSeek thou to analyze the monstrous dream\nBy painful introversion; rather fill\nThine eye with forms thou knowest to be truth;\nBut see thou cherish higher hope than this,--\nhope hereafter that thou shall be fit\nCalm-eyed to face distortion, and to sit\nTransparent among other forms of youth\nWho own no impulse save to God and bliss.\n\n\n\n_THE DAWN_.\n\nAnd must I ever wake, gray dawn, to know\nThee standing sadly by me like a ghost?\nI am perplexed with thee that thou shouldst cost\nThis earth another turning! All aglow\nThou shouldst have reached me, with a purple show\nAlong far mountain-tops! and I would post\nOver the breadth of seas, though I were lost\nIn the hot phantom-chase for life, if so\nThou earnest ever with this numbing sense\nOf chilly distance and unlovely light,\nWaking this gnawing soul anew to fight\nWith its perpetual load: I drive thee hence!\nI have another mountain-range from whence\nBursteth a sun unutterably bright!\n\n\n\n_GALILEO_.\n\n\"And yet it moves!\" Ah, Truth, where wert thou then\nWhen all for thee they racked each piteous limb?\nWert thou in heaven, and busy with thy hymn\nWhen those poor hands convulsed that held thy pen?\nArt thou a phantom that deceives! men\nTo their undoing? or dost thou watch him\nPale, cold, and silent in his dungeon dim?\nAnd wilt thou ever speak to him again?\n\"It moves, it moves! Alas, my flesh was weak!\nThat was a hideous dream! I'll cry aloud\nHow the green bulk wheels sunward day by day!\nAh me! ah me! perchance my heart was proud\nThat I alone should know that word to speak!\nAnd now, sweet Truth, shine upon these, I pray.\"\n\n\n\n_SUBSIDY_.\n\nIf thou wouldst live the Truth in very deed,\nThou hast thy joy, but thou hast more of pain.\nOthers will live in peace, and thou be fain\nTo bargain with despair, and in thy need\nTo make thy meal upon the scantiest weed.\nThese palaces, for thee they stand in vain;\nThine is a ruinous hut, and oft the rain\nShall drench thee in the midnight; yea, the speed\nOf earth outstrip thee, pilgrim, while thy feet\nMove slowly up the heights. Yet will there come\nThrough the time-rents about thy moving cell,\n_Shot from the Truth's own bow, and flaming sweet,_\nAn arrow for despair, and oft the hum\nOf far-off populous realms where spirits dwell.\n\n\n\n_THE PROPHET_.\n\nSpeak, Prophet of the Lord! We may not start\nTo find thee with us in thine ancient dress,\nHaggard and pale from some bleak wilderness,\nEmpty of all save God and thy loud heart,\nNor with like rugged message quick to dart\nInto the hideous fiction mean and base;\nBut yet, O prophet man, we need not less\nBut more of earnest, though it is thy part\nTo deal in other words, if thou wouldst smite\nThe living Mammon, seated, not as then\nIn bestial quiescence grimly dight,\nBut _robed as priest, and honoured of good men\nYet_ thrice as much an idol-god as when\nHe stared at his own feet from morn to night.\n\n\n\n_THE WATCHER_.\n\nFrom out a windy cleft there comes a gaze\nOf eyes unearthly, which go to and fro\nUpon the people's tumult, for below\nThe nations smite each other: no amaze\nTroubles their liquid rolling, or affrays\nTheir deep-set contemplation; steadily glow\nThose ever holier eyeballs, for they grow\nLiker unto the eyes of one that prays.\nAnd if those clasped hands tremble, comes a power\nAs of the might of worlds, and they are holden\nBlessing above us in the sunrise golden;\nAnd they will be uplifted till that hour\nOf terrible rolling which shall rise and shake\nThis conscious nightmare from us, and we wake.\n\n\n\n_THE BELOVED DISCIPLE_.\n\nI.\n\nOne do I see and twelve; but second there\nMethinks I know thee, thou beloved one;\nNot from thy nobler port, for there are none\nMore quiet-featured: some there are who bear\nTheir message on their brows, while others wear\nA look of large commission, nor will shun\nThe fiery trial, so their work is done;\nBut thou hast parted with thine eyes in prayer--\nUnearthly are they both; and so thy lips\nSeem like the porches of the spirit land;\nFor thou hast laid a mighty treasure by\nUnlocked by Him in Nature, and thine eye\nBurns with a vision and apocalypse\nThy own sweet soul can hardly understand.\n\nII.\n\nA Boanerges too! Upon my heart\nIt lay a heavy hour: features like thine\nShould glow with other message than the shine\nOf the earth-burrowing levin, and the start\nThat cleaveth horrid gulfs! Awful and swart\nA moment stoodest thou, but less divine--\nBrawny and clad in ruin--till with mine\nThy heart made answering signals, and apart\nBeamed forth thy two rapt eyeballs doubly clear\nAnd twice as strong because thou didst thy duty,\nAnd, though affianced to immortal Beauty,\nHiddest not weakly underneath her veil\nThe pest of Sin and Death which maketh pale:\nHenceforward be thy spirit doubly dear!\n\n\n\n_THE LILY OF THE VALLEY_.\n\nThere is not any weed but hath its shower,\nThere is not any pool but hath its star;\nAnd black and muddy though the waters are\nWe may not miss the glory of a flower,\nAnd winter moons will give them magic power\nTo spin in cylinders of diamond spar;\nAnd everything hath beauty near and far,\nAnd keepeth close and waiteth on its hour!\nAnd I, when I encounter on my road\nA human soul that looketh black and grim,\nShall I more ceremonious be than God?\nShall I refuse to watch one hour with him\nWho once beside our deepest woe did bud\nA patient watching flower about the brim?\n\n\n\n_EVIL INFLUENCE_.\n\n'Tis not the violent hands alone that bring\nThe curse, the ravage, and the downward doom,\nAlthough to these full oft the yawning tomb\nOwes deadly surfeit; but a keener sting,\nA more immortal agony will cling\nTo the half fashioned sin which would assume\nFair Virtue's garb; the eye that sows the gloom\nWith quiet seeds of Death henceforth to spring\nWhat time the sun of passion burning fierce\nBreaks through the kindly cloud of circumstance;\nThe bitter word, and the unkindly glance,\nThe crust and canker coming with the years,\nAre liker Death than arrows and the lance\nWhich through the living heart at once doth pierce.\n\n\n\n_SPOKEN OF SEVERAL PHILOSOPHERS_.\n\nI pray you, all ye men who put your trust\nIn moulds and systems and well-tackled gear,\nHolding that Nature lives from year to year\nIn one continual round because she must--\nSet me not down, I pray you, in the dust\nOf all these centuries, like a pot of beer--\nA pewter-pot disconsolately clear,\nWhich holds a potful, as is right and just!\nI will grow clamorous--by the rood, I will,\nIf thus ye use me like a pewter pot!\nGood friend, thou art a toper and a sot--\nwill not be the lead to hold thy swill,\nNor any lead: I will arise and spill\nThy silly beverage--spill it piping hot!\n\n\n\n_NATURE A MORAL POWER_.\n\nNature, to him no message dost thou bear\nWho in thy beauty findeth not the power\nTo gird himself more strongly for the hour\nOf night and darkness. Oh, what colours rare\nThe woods, the valleys, and the mountains wear\nTo him who knows thy secret, and, in shower,\nAnd fog, and ice-cloud, hath a secret bower\nWhere he may rest until the heavens are fair!\nNot with the rest of slumber, but the trance\nOf onward movement steady and serene,\nWhere oft, in struggle and in contest keen,\nHis eyes will opened be, and all the dance\nOf life break on him, and a wide expanse\nRoll upward through the void, sunny and green.\n\n\n\n_TO JUNE_.\n\nAh, truant, thou art here again, I see!\nFor in a season of such wretched weather\nI thought that thou hadst left us altogether,\nAlthough I could not choose but fancy thee\nSkulking about the hill-tops, whence the glee\nOf thy blue laughter peeped at times, or rather\nThy bashful awkwardness, as doubtful whether\nThou shouldst be seen in such a company\nOf ugly runaways, unshapely heaps\nOf ruffian vapour, broken from restraint\nOf their slim prison in the ocean deeps.\nBut yet I may not chide: fall to thy books--\nFall to immediately without complaint--\nThere they are lying, hills and vales and brooks.\n\n\n\n_SUMMER_.\n\nSummer, sweet Summer, many-fingered Summer!\nWe hold thee very dear, as well we may:\nIt is the kernel of the year to-day--\nAll hail to thee! thou art a welcome comer!\nIf every insect were a fairy drummer,\nAnd I a fifer that could deftly play,\nWe'd give the old Earth such a roundelay\nThat she would cast all thought of labour from her.--\nAh! what is this upon my window-pane?\nSome sulky, drooping cloud comes pouting up,\nStamping its glittering feet along the plain!--\nWell, I will let that idle fancy drop!\nOh, how the spouts are bubbling with the rain!\nAnd all the earth shines like a silver cup!\n\n\n\n_ON A MIDGE_.\n\nWhence do ye come, ye creatures? Each of you\nIs perfect as an angel! wings and eyes\nStupendous in their beauty--gorgeous dyes\nIn feathery fields of purple and of blue!\nWould God I saw a moment as ye do!\nI would become a molecule in size,\nRest with you, hum with you, or slanting rise\nAlong your one dear sunbeam, could I view\nThe pearly secret which each tiny fly--\nEach tiny fly that hums and bobs and stirs\nHides in its little breast eternally\nFrom you, ye prickly, grim philosophers\nWith all your theories that sound so high:\nHark to the buz a moment, my good sirs!\n\n\n\n_STEADFAST_.\n\nHere stands a giant stone from whose far top\nComes down the sounding water: let me gaze\nTill every sense of man and human ways\nIs wrecked and quenched for ever, and I drop\nInto the whirl of time, and without stop\nPass downward thus! Again my eyes I raise\nTo thee, dark rock; and through the mist and haze\nMy strength returns when I behold thy prop\nGleam stern and steady through the wavering wrack.\nSurely thy strength is human, and like me\nThou bearest loads of thunder on thy back!\nAnd, lo, a smile upon thy visage black--\nA breezy tuft of grass which I can see\nWaving serenely from a sunlit crack!\n\n\n\n_PROVISION_.\n\nAbove my head the great pine-branches tower;\nBackwards and forwards each to the other bends,\nBeckoning the tempest-cloud which hither wends\nLike a slow-laboured thought, heavy with power:\nHark to the patter of the coming shower!\nLet me be silent while the Almighty sends\nHis thunder-word along--but when it ends\nI will arise and fashion from the hour\nWords of stupendous import, fit to guard\nHigh thoughts and purposes, which I may wave,\nWhen the temptation cometh close and hard,\nLike fiery brands betwixt me and the grave\nOf meaner things--to which I am a slave,\nIf evermore I keep not watch and ward.\n\n\n\n_FIRST SIGHT OF THE SEA_.\n\nI do remember how, when very young,\nI saw the great sea first, and heard its swell\nAs I drew nearer, caught within the spell\nOf its vast size and its mysterious tongue.\nHow the floor trembled, and the dark boat swung\nWith a man in it, and a great wave fell\nWithin a stone's cast! Words may never tell\nThe passion of the moment, when I flung\nAll childish records by, and felt arise\nA thing that died no more! An awful power\nI claimed with trembling hands and eager eyes,\nMine, mine for ever, an immortal dower.--\nThe noise of waters soundeth to this hour\nWhen I look seaward through the quiet skies.\n\n\n\n_ON THE SOURCE OF THE ARVE_.\n\nHears't thou the dash of water, loud and hoarse,\nWith its perpetual tidings upward climb,\nStruggling against the wind? Oh, how sublime!\nFor not in vain from its portentous source\nThy heart, wild stream, hath yearned for its full force,\nBut from thine ice-toothed caverns, dark as time,\nAt last thou issuest, dancing to the rime\nOf thy outvolleying freedom! Lo, thy course\nLies straight before thee as the arrow flies!\nRight to the ocean-plains away, away!\nThy parent waits thee, and her sunset dyes\nAre ruffled for thy coming, and the gray\nOf all her glittering borders flashes high\nAgainst the glittering rocks!--oh, haste, and fly!\n\n\n\n_CONFIDENCE_.\n\nLie down upon the ground, thou hopeless one!\nPress thy face in the grass, and do not speak.\nDost feel the green globe whirl? Seven times a week\nClimbeth she out of darkness to the sun,\nWhich is her God; seven times she doth not shun\nAwful eclipse, laying her patient cheek\nUpon a pillow ghost-beset with shriek\nOf voices utterless, which rave and run\nThrough all the star-penumbra, craving light\nAnd tidings of the dawn from East and West.\nCalmly she sleepeth, and her sleep is blest\nWith heavenly visions, and the joy of Night\nTreading aloft with moons; nor hath she fright\nThough cloudy tempests beat upon her breast.\n\n\n\n_FATE_.\n\nOft, as I rest in quiet peace, am I\nThrust out at sudden doors, and madly driven\nThrough desert solitudes, and thunder-riven\nBlack passages which have not any sky:\nThe scourge is on me now, with all the cry\nOf ancient life that hath with murder striven.\nHow many an anguish hath gone up to heaven,\nHow many a hand in prayer been lifted high\nWhen the black fate came onward with the rush\nOf whirlwind, avalanche, or fiery spume!\nEven at my feet is cleft a shivering tomb\nBeneath the waves; or else, with solemn hush\nThe graveyard opens, and I feel a crush\nAs if we were all huddled in one doom!\n\n\n\n_UNREST_.\n\nComes there, O Earth, no breathing time for thee,\nNo pause upon thy many-chequered lands?\nNow resting on my bed with listless hands\nI mourn thee resting not. Continually\nHear I the plashing borders of the sea\nAnswer each other from the rocks and sands!\nTroop all the rivers seawards; nothing stands,\nBut with strange noises hasteth terribly!\nLoam-eared hyenas go a moaning by;\nHowls to each other all the bloody crew\nOf Afric's tigers! but, O men, from you\nComes this perpetual sound more loud and high\nThan aught that vexes air! I hear the cry\nOf infant generations rising too!\n\n\n\n_ONE WITH NATURE_.\n\nI have a fellowship with every shade\nOf changing nature: with the tempest hour\nMy soul goes forth to claim her early dower\nOf living princedom; and her wings have staid\nAmidst the wildest uproar undismayed!\nYet she hath often owned a better power,\nAnd blessed the gentle coming of the shower,\nThe speechless majesty of love arrayed\nIn lowly virtue, under which disguise\nFull many a princely thing hath passed her by;\nAnd she from homely intercourse of eyes\nHath gathered visions wider than the sky,\nAnd seen the withered heart of man arise\nPeaceful as God, and full of majesty.\n\n\n\n_MY TWO GENIUSES_.\n\nI.\n\nOne is a slow and melancholy maid;\nI know riot if she cometh from the skies\nOr from the sleepy gulfs, but she will rise\nOften before me in the twilight shade,\nHolding a bunch of poppies and a blade\nOf springing wheat: prostrate my body lies\nBefore her on the turf, the while she ties\nA fillet of the weed about my head;\nAnd in the gaps of sleep I seem to hear\nA gentle rustle like the stir of corn,\nAnd words like odours thronging to my ear:\n\"Lie still, beloved--still until the morn;\nLie still with me upon this rolling sphere--\nStill till the judgment; thou art faint and worn.\"\n\nII.\n\nThe other meets me in the public throng;\nHer hair streams backward from her loose attire;\nShe hath a trumpet and an eye of fire;\nShe points me downward, steadily and long:--\n\"There is thy grave--arise, my son, be strong!\nHands are upon thy crown--awake, aspire\nTo immortality; heed not the lyre\nOf the Enchantress, nor her poppy-song,\nBut in the stillness of the summer calm\nTremble for what is Godlike in thy being.\nListen a while, and thou shall hear the psalm\nOf victory sung by creatures past thy seeing;\nAnd from far battle-fields there comes the neighing\nOf dreadful onset, though the air is balm.\"\n\nIII.\n\nMaid with the poppies, must I let thee go?\nAlas, I may not; thou art likewise dear!\nI am but human, and thou hast a tear\nWhen she hath nought but splendour, and the glow\nOf a wild energy that mocks the flow\nOf the poor sympathies which keep us here:\nLay past thy poppies, and come twice as near,\nAnd I will teach thee, and thou too shalt grow;\nAnd thou shalt walk with me in open day\nThrough the rough thoroughfares with quiet grace;\nAnd the wild-visaged maid shall lead the way,\nTiming her footsteps to a gentler pace\nAs her great orbs turn ever on thy face,\nDrinking in draughts of loving help alway.\n\n\n\n_SUDDEN CALM_.\n\nThere is a bellowing in me, as of might\nUnfleshed and visionless, mangling the air\nWith horrible convulse, as if it bare\nThe cruel weight of worlds, but could not fight\nWith the thick-dropping clods, and could but bite\nA vapour-cloud! Oh, I will climb the stair\nOf the great universe, and lay me there\nEven at the threshold of his gate, despite\nThe tempest, and the weakness, and the rush\nOf this quick crowding on me!--Oh, I dream!\nNow I am sailing swiftly, as we seem\nTo do in sleep! and I can hear the gush\nOf a melodious wave that carries me\nOn, on for ever to eternity!\n\n\n\n_THOU ALSO_.\n\nCry out upon the crime, and then let slip\nThe dogs of hate, whose hanging muzzles track\nThe bloody secret; let the welkin crack\nReverberating, while ye dance and skip\nAbout the horrid blaze! or else ye strip,\nMore secretly, for the avenging rack,\nHim who hath done the deed, till, oozing black\nYe watch the anguish from his nostrils drip,\nAnd all the knotted limbs lie quivering!\nOr, if your hearts disdain such banqueting,\nWith wide and tearless eyes go staring through\nThe murder cells! but think--that, if your knees\nBow not to holiness, then even in you\nLie deeper gulfs and blacker crimes than these.\n\n\n\n_THE AURORA BOREALIS_.\n\nNow have I grown a sharpness and an edge\nUnto my future nights, and I will cut\nSheer through the ebon gates that yet will shut\nOn every set of day; or as a sledge\nDrawn over snowy plains; where not a hedge\nBreaks this Aurora's dancing, nothing but\nThe one cold Esquimaux' unlikely hut\nThat swims in the broad moonlight! Lo, a wedge\nOf the clean meteor hath been brightly driven\nRight home into the fastness of the north!\nAnon it quickeneth up into the heaven!\nAnd I with it have clomb and spreaded forth\nUpon the crisp and cooling atmosphere!\nMy soul is all abroad: I cannot find it here!\n\n\n\n_THE HUMAN._\n\nWithin each living man there doth reside,\nIn some unrifled chamber of the heart,\nA hidden treasure: wayward as thou art\nI love thee, man, and bind thee to my side!\nBy that sweet act I purify my pride\nAnd hasten onward--willing even to part\nWith pleasant graces: though thy hue is swart,\nI bear thee company, thou art my guide!\nEven in thy sinning wise beyond thy ken\nTo thee a subtle debt my soul is owing!\nI take an impulse from the worst of men\nThat lends a wing unto my onward going;\nThen let me pay them gladly back again\nWith prayer and love from Faith and Duty flowing!\n\n\n\n_WRITTEN ON A STORMY NIGHT._\n\nO wild and dark! a night hath found me now\nWherein I mingle with that element\nSent madly loose through the wide staring rent\nIn yon tormented branches! I will bow\nA while unto the storm, and thenceforth grow\nInto a mighty patience strongly bent\nBefore the unconquering Power which hither sent\nThese winds to fight their battles on my brow!--\nAgain the loud boughs thunder! and the din\nLicks up my footfall from the hissing earth!\nBut I have found a mighty peace within,\nAnd I have risen into a home of mirth!\nWildly I climb above the shaking spires,\nAbove the sobbing clouds, up through the steady fires!\n\n\n\n_REVERENCE WAKING HOPE_.\n\nA power is on me, and my soul must speak\nTo thee, thou grey, grey man, whom I behold\nWith those white-headed children. I am bold\nTo commune with thy setting, and to wreak\nMy doubts on thy grey hair; for I would seek\nThee in that other world, but I am told\nThou goest elsewhere and wilt never hold\nThy head so high as now. Oh I were weak,\nWeak even to despair, could I forego\nThe tender vision which will give somehow\nThee standing brightly one day even as now!\nThou art a very grey old man, and so\nI may not pass thee darkly, but bestow\nA look of reverence on thy wrinkled brow.\n\n\n\n_BORN OF WATER_.\n\nMethought I stood among the stars alone,\nWatching a grey parched orb which onward flew\nHalf blinded by the dusty winds that blew,\nEmpty as Death and barren as a stone,\nThe pleasant sound of water all unknown!\nWhen, as I looked in wonderment, there grew,\nHigh in the air above, a drop of dew,\nWhich, gathering slowly through long cycles, shone\nLike a great tear; and then at last it fell\nClasping the orb, which drank it greedily,\nWith a delicious noise and upward swell\nOf sweet cool joy that tossed me like a sea;\nAnd then the thick life sprang as from a grave,\nWith trees, flowers, boats upon the bounding wave!\n\n\n\n_TO A THUNDER-CLOUD._\n\nOh, melancholy fragment of the night\nDrawing thy lazy web against the sun,\nThou shouldst have waited till the day was done\nWith kindred glooms to build thy fane aright,\nSublime amid the ruins of the light!\nBut thus to shape our glories one by one\nWith fearful hands, ere we had well begun\nTo look for shadows--even in the bright!\nYet may we charm a lesson from thy breast,\nA secret wisdom from thy folds of thunder:\nThere is a wind that cometh from the west\nWill rend thy tottering piles of gloom asunder,\nAnd fling thee ruinous along the grass,\nTo sparkle on us as our footsteps pass!\n\n\n\n_SUN AND MOON._\n\nFirst came the red-eyed sun as I did wake;\nHe smote me on the temples and I rose,\nCasting the night aside and all its woes;\nAnd I would spurn my idleness, and take\nMy own wild journey even like him, and shake\nThe pillars of all doubt with lusty blows,\nEven like himself when his rich glory goes\nRight through the stalwart fogs that part and break.\nBut ere my soul was ready for the fight,\nHis solemn setting mocked me in the west;\nAnd as I trembled in the lifting night,\nThe white moon met me, and my heart confess'd\nA mellow wisdom in her silent youth,\nWhich fed my hope with fear, and made my strength a truth.\n\n\n\n_DOUBT HERALDING VISION._\n\nAn angel saw me sitting by a brook,\nPleased with the silence, and the melodies\nOf wind and water which did fall and rise:\nHe gently stirred his plumes and from them shook\nAn outworn doubt, which fell on me and took\nThe shape of darkness, hiding all the skies,\nBlinding the sun, but giving to my eyes\nAn inextinguishable wish to look;\nWhen, lo! thick as the buds of spring there came,\nCrowd upon crowd, informing all the sky,\nA host of splendours watching silently,\nWith lustrous eyes that wept as if in blame,\nAnd waving hands that crossed in lines of flame,\nAnd signalled things I hope to hold although I die!\n\n\n\n_LIFE OR DEATH?_\n\nIs there a secret Joy, that may not weep,\nFor every flower that ends its little span,\nFor every child that groweth up to man,\nFor every captive bird a cage doth keep,\nFor every aching eye that went to sleep\nLong ages back, when other eyes began\nTo see and know and love as now they can,\nUnravelling God's wonders heap by heap?\nOr doth the Past lie 'mid Eternity\nIn charnel dens that rot and reek alway,\nA dismal light for those that go astray,\nA pit of foul deformity--to be,\nBeauty, a dreadful source of growth for thee\nWhen thou wouldst lift thine eyes to greet the day?\n\n\n\n_LOST AND FOUND._\n\nI missed him when the sun began to bend;\nI found him not when I had lost his rim;\nWith many tears I went in search of him,\nClimbing high mountains which did still ascend,\nAnd gave me echoes when I called my friend;\nThrough cities vast and charnel-houses grim,\nAnd high cathedrals where the light was dim,\nThrough books and arts and works without an end,\nBut found him not--the friend whom I had lost.\nAnd yet I found him--as I found the lark,\nA sound in fields I heard but could not mark;\nI found him nearest when I missed him most;\nI found him in my heart, a life in frost,\nA light I knew not till my soul was dark.\n\n\n\n_THE MOON._\n\nShe comes! again she comes, the bright-eyed moon!\nUnder a ragged cloud I found her out,\nClasping her own dark orb like hope in doubt!\nThat ragged cloud hath waited her since noon,\nAnd he hath found and he will hide her soon!\nCome, all ye little winds that sit without,\nAnd blow the shining leaves her edge about,\nAnd hold her fast--ye have a pleasant tune!\nShe will forget us in her walks at night\nAmong the other worlds that are so fair!\nShe will forget to look on our despair!\nShe will forget to be so young and bright!\nNay, gentle moon, thou hast the keys of light--\nI saw them hanging by thy girdle there!\n\n\n\n_TRUTH, NOT FORM!_\n\nI came upon a fountain on my way\nWhen it was hot, and sat me down to drink\nIts sparkling stream, when all around the brink\nI spied full many vessels made of clay,\nWhereon were written, not without display,\nIn deep engraving or with merely ink,\nThe blessings which each owner seemed to think\nWould light on him who drank with each alway.\nI looked so hard my eyes were looking double\nInto them all, but when I came to see\nThat they were filthy, each in his degree,\nI bent my head, though not without some trouble,\nTo where the little waves did leap and bubble,\nAnd so I journeyed on most pleasantly.\n\n\n\n_GOD IN GROWTH._\n\nI said, I will arise and work some thing,\nNor be content with growth, but cause to grow\nA life around me, clear as yes from no,\nThat to my restless hand some rest may bring,\nAnd give a vital power to Action's spring:\nThus, I must cease to be! I cried; when, lo!\nAn angel stood beside me on the snow,\nWith folded wings that came of pondering.\n\"God's glory flashes on the silence here\nBeneath the moon,\" he cried, and upward threw\nHis glorious eyes that swept the utmost blue,\n\"Ere yet his bounding brooks run forth with cheer\nTo bear his message to the hidden year\nWho cometh up in haste to make his glory new.\"\n\n\n\n_IN A CHURCHYARD._\n\nThere may be seeming calm above, but no!--\nThere is a pulse below which ceases not,\nA subterranean working, fiery hot,\nDeep in the million-hearted bosom, though\nEarthquakes unlock not the prodigious show\nOf elemental conflict; and this spot\nNurses most quiet bones which lie and rot,\nAnd here the humblest weeds take root and grow.\nThere is a calm upon the mighty sea,\nYet are its depths alive and full of being,\nEnormous bulks that move unwieldily;\nYet, pore we on it, they are past our seeing!--\nFrom the deep sea-weed fields, though wide and ample,\nComes there no rushing sound: _these_ do not trample!\n\n\n\n_POWER._\n\nPower that is not of God, however great,\nIs but the downward rushing and the glare\nOf a swift meteor that hath lost its share\nIn the one impulse which doth animate\nThe parent mass: emblem to me of fate!\nWhich through vast nightly wastes doth onward fare,\nWild-eyed and headlong, rent away from prayer--\nA moment brilliant, then most desolate!\nAnd, O my brothers, shall we ever learn\nFrom all the things we see continually\nThat pride is but the empty mockery\nOf what is strong in man! Not so the stern\nAnd sweet repose of soul which we can earn\nOnly through reverence and humility!\n\n\n\n_DEATH._\n\nYes, there is one who makes us all lay down\nOur mushroom vanities, our speculations,\nOur well-set theories and calculations,\nOur workman's jacket or our monarch's crown!\nTo him alike the country and the town,\nBarbaric hordes or civilized nations,\nMen of all names and ranks and occupations,\nSquire, parson, lawyer, Jones, or Smith, or Brown!\nHe stops the carter: the uplifted whip\nFalls dreamily among the horses' straw;\nHe stops the helmsman, and the gallant ship\nHoldeth to westward by another law;\nNo one will see him, no one ever saw,\nBut he sees all and lets not any slip.\n\n\n\n_THAT HOLY THING._\n\nThey all were looking for a king\n  To slay their foes, and lift them high:\nThou cam'st a little baby thing\n  That made a woman cry.\n\nO son of man, to right my lot\n  Nought but thy presence can avail;\nYet on the road thy wheels are not,\n  Nor on the sea thy sail!\n\nMy fancied ways why shouldst thou heed?\n  Thou com'st down thine own secret stair:\nCom'st down to answer all my need,\n  Yea, every bygone prayer!\n\n\n\n_FROM NOVALIS_.\n\nUplifted is the stone\n  And all mankind arisen!\nWe are thy very own,\n  We are no more in prison!\nWhat bitterest grief can stay\n  Beside thy golden cup,\nWhen earth and life give way\n  And with our Lord we sup!\n\nTo the marriage Death doth call,\n  The lamps are burning clear,\nThe virgins, ready all,\n  Have for their oil no fear.\nWould that even now were ringing\n  The distance with thy throng!\nAnd that the stars were singing\n  To us a human song!\n\nCourage! for life is hasting\n  To endless life away;\nThe inward fire, unwasting,\n  Transfigures our dull clay!\nSee the stars melting, sinking\n  In life-wine golden-bright!\nWe, of the splendour drinking,\n  Shall grow to stars of light.\n\nLost, lost are all our losses!\n  Love is for ever free!\nThe full life heaves and tosses\n  Like an unbounded sea!\nOne live, eternal story!\n  One poem high and broad!\nAnd sun of all our glory\n  The countenance of God!\n\n\n\n_WHAT MAN IS THERE OF YOU?_\n\nThe homely words how often read!\n  How seldom fully known!\n\"Which father of you, asked for bread,\n  Would give his son a stone?\"\n\nHow oft has bitter tear been shed,\n  And heaved how many a groan,\nBecause thou wouldst not give for bread\n  The thing that was a stone!\n\nHow oft the child thou wouldst have fed,\n  Thy gift away has thrown!\nHe prayed, thou heard'st, and gav'st the bread:\n  He cried, \"It is a stone!\"\n\nLord, if I ask in doubt and dread\n  Lest I be left to moan,\nAm I not he who, asked for bread,\n  Would give his son a stone?\n\n\n\n_O WIND OF GOD._\n\nO wind of God, that blowest in the mind,\n  Blow, blow and wake the gentle spring in me;\nBlow, swifter blow, a strong warm summer wind,\n  Till all the flowers with eyes come out to see;\n  Blow till the fruit hangs red on every tree,\nAnd our high-soaring song-larks meet thy dove--\nHigh the imperfect soars, descends the perfect love!\n\nBlow not the less though winter cometh then;\n  Blow, wind of God, blow hither changes keen;\nLet the spring creep into the ground again,\n  The flowers close all their eyes and not be seen:\n  All lives in thee that ever once hath been!\nBlow, fill my upper air with icy storms;\nBreathe cold, O wind of God, and kill my cankerworms.\n\n\n\n_SHALL THE DEAD PRAISE THEE?_\n\nI cannot praise thee. By his instrument\n  The master sits, and moves nor foot nor hand;\nFor see the organ-pipes this, that way bent,\n  Leaning, o'erthrown, like wheat-stalks tempest-fanned!\n\nI well could praise thee for a flower, a dove,\n  But not for life that is not life in me;\nNot for a being that is less than love--\n  A barren shoal half lifted from a sea!\n\nUnto a land where no wind bloweth ships\n  Thy wind one day will blow me to my own:\nRather I'd kiss no more their loving lips\n  Than carry them a heart so poor and prone!\n\nI bless thee, Father, thou art what thou art,\n  That thou dost know thyself what thou dost know--\nA perfect, simple, tender, rhythmic heart,\n  Beating its blood to all in bounteous flow.\n\nAnd I can bless thee too for every smart,\n  For every disappointment, ache, and fear;\nFor every hook thou fixest in my heart,\n  For every burning cord that draws me near.\n\nBut prayer these wake, not song. Thyself I crave.\n  Come thou, or all thy gifts away I fling.\nThou silent, I am but an empty grave:\n  Think to me, Father, and I am a king!\n\nMy organ-pipes will then stand up awake,\n  Their life soar, as from smouldering wood the blaze;\nAnd swift contending harmonies shall shake\n  Thy windows with a storm of jubilant praise.\n\n\n\n_A YEAR SONG._\n\nSighing above,\n  Rustling below,\nThorough the woods\n  The winds go.\nBeneath, dead crowds;\n  Above, life bare;\nAnd the besom tempest\n  Sweeps the air:\n_Heart, leave thy woe:\nLet the dead things go._\n\nThrough the brown\n  Gold doth push;\nMisty green\n  Veils the bush.\nHere a twitter,\n  There a croak!\nThey are coming--\n  The spring-folk!\n_Heart, be not numb;\nLet the live things come._\n\nThrough the beech\n  The winds go,\nWith gentle speech,\n  Long and slow.\nThe grass is fine,\n  And soft to lie in:\nThe sun doth shine\n  The blue sky in:\n_Heart, be alive;\nLet the new things thrive._\n\nRound again!\n  Here art thou,\nA rimy fruit\n  On a bare bough!\nWinter comes,\n  Winter and snow;\nAnd a weary sighing\n  To fall and go!\n_Heart, thy hour shall be;\nThy dead will comfort thee._\n\n\n\n_SONG_.\n\nWhy do the houses stand\n   When they that built them are gone;\n   When remaineth even of one\nThat lived there and loved and planned\nNot a face, not an eye, not a hand,\n   Only here and there a bone?\nWhy do the houses stand\n   When they who built them are gone?\n\nOft in the moonlighted land\n   When the day is overblown,\n   With happy memorial moan\nSweet ghosts in a loving band\nRoam through the houses that stand--\n   For the builders are not gone.\n\n\n\n_FOR WHERE YOUR TREASURE IS, THERE WILL YOUR HEART BE ALSO._\n\n   The miser lay on his lonely bed;\n      Life's candle was burning dim.\nHis heart in an iron chest was hid\nUnder heaps of gold and an iron lid;\n   And whether it were alive or dead\n      It never troubled him.\n\n   Slowly out of his body he crept.\n      He said, \"I am just the same!\nOnly I want my heart in my breast;\nI will go and fetch it out of my chest!\"\n  Through the dark a darker shadow he leapt,\n    Saying \"Hell is a fabled flame!\"\n\n  He opened the lid. Oh, Hell's own night!\n    His ghost-eyes saw no gold!--\nEmpty and swept! Not a gleam was there!\nIn goes his hand, but the chest is bare!\n  Ghost-fingers, aha! have only might\n  To close, not to clasp and hold!\n\n  But his heart he saw, and he made a clutch\n    At the fungous puff-ball of sin:\nEaten with moths, and fretted with rust,\nHe grasped a handful of rotten dust,\n  And shrieked, as ghosts may, at the crumbling touch,\n    But hid it his breast within.\n\n  And some there are who see him sit\n    Under the church, apart,\nCounting out coins and coins of gold\nHeap by heap on the dank death-mould:\n  Alas poor ghost and his sore lack of wit--\n    They breed in the dust of his heart!\n\n  Another miser has now his chest,\n    And it hoards wealth more and more;\nLike ferrets his hands go in and out,\nBurrowing, tossing the gold about--\n  Nor heed the heart that, gone from his breast,\n    Is the cold heap's bloodless core.\n\n  Now wherein differ old ghosts that sit\n    Counting ghost-coins all day\nFrom the man who clings with spirit prone\nTo whatever can never be his own?\n  Who will leave the world with not one whit\n    But a heart all eaten away?\n\n\n\n_THE ASTHMATIC MAN TO THE SATAN THAT BINDS HIM_.\n\nSatan, avaunt!\n  Nay, take thine hour,\nThou canst not daunt,\n  Thou hast no power;\nBe welcome to thy nest,\nThough it be in my breast.\n\nBurrow amain;\n  Dig like a mole;\nFill every vein\n  With half-burnt coal;\nPuff the keen dust about,\nAnd all to choke me out.\n\nFill music's ways\n  With creaking cries,\nThat no loud praise\n  May climb the skies;\nAnd on my labouring chest\nLay mountains of unrest.\n\nMy slumber steep\n  In dreams of haste,\nThat only sleep,\n  No rest, I taste--\nWith stiflings, rimes of rote,\nAnd fingers on my throat.\n\nSatan, thy might\n  I do defy;\nLive core of night\n  I patient lie:\nA wind comes up the gray\nWill blow thee clean away.\n\nChrist's angel, Death,\n  All radiant white,\nWith one cold breath\n  Will scare thee quite,\nAnd give my lungs an air\nAs fresh as answered prayer.\n\nSo, Satan, do\n  Thy worst with me\nUntil the True\n  Shall set me free,\nAnd end what he began,\nBy making me a man.\n\n\n\n_SONG-SERMON._\n\nLord, what is man\nThat thou art mindful of him!\nThough in creation's van,\nLord, what is man!\nHe wills less than he can,\nLets his ideal scoff him!\nLord, what is man\nThat thou art mindful of him!\n\n\n\n_SHADOWS._\n\nAll things are shadows of thee, Lord;\n  The sun himself is but thy shade;\nMy spirit is the shadow of thy word,\n  A thing that thou hast said.\n\nDiamonds are shadows of the sun,\n  They gleam as after him they hark:\nMy soul some arrows of thy light hath won.\n  And feebly fights the dark!\n\nAll knowledges are broken shades,\n  In gulfs of dark a scattered horde:\nTogether rush the parted glory-grades--\n  Then, lo, thy garment, Lord!\n\nMy soul, the shadow, still is light\n  Because the shadow falls from thee;\nI turn, dull candle, to the centre bright,\n  And home flit shadowy.\n\nShine, Lord; shine me thy shadow still;\n  The brighter I, the more thy shade!\nMy motion be thy lovely moveless will!\n  My darkness, light delayed!\n\n\n\n_A WINTER PRAYER._\n\nCome through the gloom of clouded skies,\n  The slow dim rain and fog athwart;\nThrough east winds keen with wrong and lies\n  Come and lift up my hopeless heart.\n\nCome through the sickness and the pain,\n  The sore unrest that tosses still;\nThrough aching dark that hides the gain\n  Come and arouse my fainting will.\n\nCome through the prate of foolish words,\n  The science with no God behind;\nThrough all the pangs of untuned chords\n  Speak wisdom to my shaken mind.\n\nThrough all the fears that spirits bow\n  Of what hath been, or may befall,\nCome down and talk with me, for thou\n  Canst tell me all about them all.\n\nHear, hear my sad lone heart entreat,\n  Heart of all joy, below, above!\nCome near and let me kiss thy feet,\n  And name the names of those I love!\n\n\n\n_SONG OF A POOR PILGRIM_.\n\nRoses all the rosy way!\n  Roses to the rosier west\nWhere the roses of the day\n  Cling to night's unrosy breast!\n\nThou who mak'st the roses, why\n  Give to every leaf a thorn?\nOn thy rosy highway I\n  Still am by thy roses torn!\n\nPardon! I will not mistake\n  These good thorns that make me fret!\nGoads to urge me, stings to wake,\n  For my freedom they are set.\n\nYea, on one steep mountain-side,\n  Climbing to a fancied fold,\nRoses grasped had let me slide\n  But the thorns did keep their hold.\n\nOut of darkness light is born,\n  Out of weakness make me strong:\nOne glad day will every thorn\n  Break into a rose of song.\n\nThough like sparrow sit thy bird\n  Lonely on the house-top dark,\nBy the rosy dawning stirred\n  Up will soar thy praising lark;\n\nRoses, roses all his song!\n  Roses in a gorgeous feast!\nRoses in a royal throng,\n  Surging, rosing from the east!\n\n\n\n_AN EVENING PRAYER_.\n\nI am a bubble\n   Upon thy ever-moving, resting sea:\nOh, rest me now from tossing, trespass, trouble!\n   Take me down into thee.\n\nGive me thy peace.\n   My heart is aching with unquietness:\nOh, make its inharmonious beating cease!\n   Thy hand upon it press.\n\nMy Night! my Day!\n   Swift night and day betwixt, my world doth reel:\nPotter, take not thy hand from off the clay\n   That whirls upon thy wheel.\n\nO Heart, I cry\n   For love and life, pardon and hope and strength!\nO Father, I am thine; I shall not die,\n   But I shall sleep at length!\n\n\n\n_SONG-SERMON_.\n\nMercy to thee, O Lord, belongs,\nFor as his work thou giv'st the man.\nFrom us, not thee, come all our wrongs;\nMercy to thee, O Lord, belongs:\nWith small-cord whips and scorpion thongs\nThou lay'st on every ill thy ban.\nMercy to thee, O Lord, belongs,\nFor as his work thou giv'st the man.\n\n\n\n_A DREAM-SONG_.\n\nThe stars are spinning their threads,\n   And the clouds are the dust that flies,\nAnd the suns are weaving them up\n   For the day when the sleepers arise.\n\nThe ocean in music rolls,\n  The gems are turning to eyes,\nAnd the trees are gathering souls\n  For the day when the sleepers arise.\n\nThe weepers are learning to smile,\n  And laughter to glean the sighs,\nAnd hearts to bury their care and guile\n  For the day when the sleepers arise.\n\nOh, the dews and the moths and the daisy-red,\n  The larks and the glimmers and flows!\nThe lilies and sparrows and daily bread,\n  And the something that nobody knows!\n\n\n\n_CHRISTMAS, 1880._\n\nGreat-hearted child, thy very being _The Son_,\n  Who know'st the hearts of all us prodigals;--\nFor who is prodigal but he who has gone\n  Far from the true to heart it with the false?--\n  Who, who but thou, that, from the animals',\n    Know'st all the hearts, up to the Father's own,\n    Can tell what it would be to be alone!\n\nAlone! No father!--At the very thought\n  Thou, the eternal light, wast once aghast;\nA death in death for thee it almost wrought!\n  But thou didst haste, about to breathe thy last,\n  And call'dst out _Father_ ere thy spirit passed,\n    Exhausted in fulfilling not any vow,\n    But doing his will who greater is than thou.\n\nThat we might know him, thou didst come and live;\n  That we might find him, thou didst come and die;\nThe son-heart, brother, thy son-being give--\n  We too would love the father perfectly,\n  And to his bosom go back with the cry,\n    Father, into thy hands I give the heart\n    Which left thee but to learn how good thou art!\n\nThere are but two in all the universe--\n  The father and his children--not a third;\nNor, all the weary time, fell any curse!\n  Not once dropped from its nest an unfledged bird\n  But thou wast with it! Never sorrow stirred\n    But a love-pull it was upon the chain\n    That draws the children to the father again!\n\nO Jesus Christ, babe, man, eternal son,\n  Take pity! we are poor where thou art rich:\nOur hearts are small; and yet there is not one\n  In all thy father's noisy nursery which,\n  Merry, or mourning in its narrow niche,\n    Needs not thy father's heart, this very now,\n    With all his being's being, even as thou!\n\n\n\n_RONDEL_.\n\nI do not know thy final will,\n  It is too good for me to know:\n  Thou willest that I mercy show,\nThat I take heed and do no ill,\nThat I the needy warm and fill,\n  Nor stones at any sinner throw;\nBut I know not thy final will--\n  It is too good for me to know.\n\nI know thy love unspeakable--\n  For love's sake able to send woe!\n  To find thine own thou lost didst go,\nAnd wouldst for men thy blood yet spill!--\nHow should I know thy final will,\n  Godwise too good for me to know!\n\n\n\n_THE SPARROW_.\n\nO Lord, I cannot but believe\nThe birds do sing thy praises then, when they sing to one another,\nAnd they are lying seed-sown land when the winter makes them grieve,\nTheir little bosoms breeding songs for the summer to unsmother!\n\nIf thou hadst finished me, O Lord,\nNor left out of me part of that great gift that goes to singing,\nI sure had known the meaning high of the songster's praising word,\nHad known upon what thoughts of thee his pearly talk he was stringing!\n\nI should have read the wisdom hid\nIn the storm-inspired melody of thy thrush's bosom solemn:\nI should not then have understood what thy free spirit did\nTo make the lark-soprano mount like to a geyser-column!\n\nI think I almost understand\nThy owl, his muffled swiftness, moon-round eyes, and intoned hooting;\nI think I could take up the part of a night-owl in the land,\nWith yellow moon and starry things day-dreamers all confuting.\n\nBut '<DW41> thy creatures that do sing\nPerhaps of all I likest am to the housetop-haunting sparrow,\nThat flies brief, sudden flights upon a dumpy, fluttering wing,\nAnd chirps thy praises from a throat that's very short and narrow.\n\nBut if thy sparrow praise thee well\nBy singing well thy song, nor letting noisy traffic quell it,\nIt may be that, in some remote and leafy heavenly dell,\nHe may with a trumpet-throat awake, and a trumpet-song to swell it!\n\n\n\n_DECEMBER 23, 1879._\n\nI.\n\nA thousand houses of poesy stand around me everywhere;\nThey fill the earth and they fill my thought, they are in and above the\nair;\nBut to-night they have shut their doors, they have shut their shining\nwindows fair,\nAnd I am left in a desert world, with an aching as if of care.\n\nII.\n\nCannot I break some little nut and get at the poetry in it?\nCannot I break the shining egg of some all but hatched heavenly linnet?\nCannot I find some beauty-worm, and its moony cocoon-silk spin it?\nCannot I find my all but lost day in the rich content of a minute?\n\nIII.\n\nI will sit me down, all aching and tired, in the midst of this\nnever-unclosing\nOf door or window that makes it look as if truth herself were dozing;\nI will sit me down and make me a tent, call it poetizing or prosing,\nOf what may be lying within my reach, things at my poor disposing!\n\nIV.\n\nNow what is nearest?--My conscious self. Here I sit quiet and say:\n\"Lo, I myself am already a house of poetry solemn and gay!\nBut, alas, the windows are shut, all shut: 'tis a cold and foggy day,\nAnd I have not now the light to see what is in me the same alway!\"\n\nV.\n\nNay, rather I'll say: \"I am a nut in the hard and frozen ground;\nAbove is the damp and frozen air, the cold blue sky all round;\nAnd the power of a leafy and branchy tree is in me crushed and bound\nTill the summer come and set it free from the grave-clothes\n    in which it is wound!\"\n\nVI.\n\nBut I bethink me of something better!--something better, yea best!\n\"I am lying a voiceless, featherless thing in God's own perfect nest;\nAnd the voice and the song are growing within me, slowly lifting my\nbreast;\nAnd his wide night-wings are closed about me, for his sun is down in the\nwest!\"\n\nVII.\n\nDoors and windows, tents and grave-clothes, winters and eggs and seeds,\nYe shall all be opened and broken and torn; ye are but to serve my needs!\nOn the will of the Father all lovely things are strung like a string of\nbeads\nFor his heart to give the obedient child that the will of the father\nheeds.\n\n\n\n_SONG-PRAYER_: AFTER KING DAVID.\n\nI shall be satisfied\nWith the seeing of thy face.\nWhen I awake, wide-eyed,\nI shall be satisfied\nWith what this life did hide,\nThe one supernal grace!\nI shall be satisfied\nWith the seeing of thy face.\n\n\n\n_DECEMBER 27, 1879_\n\nEvery time would have its song\n  If the heart were right,\nSeeing Love all tender-strong\n  Fills the day and night.\n\nWeary drop the hands of Prayer\n  Calling out for peace;\nLove always and everywhere\n  Sings and does not cease.\n\nFear, the caitiff, through the night\n  Silent peers about;\nLove comes singing with a light\n  And doth cast him out.\n\nHate and Guile and Wrath and Doubt\n  Never try to sing;\nIf they did, oh, what a rout\n  Anguished ears would sting!\n\nPride indeed will sometimes aim\n  At the finer speech,\nBut the best that he can frame\n  Is a peacock-screech.\n\nGreed will also sometimes try:\n  Happiness he hunts!\nBut his dwelling is a sty,\n  And his tones are grunts.\n\nFaith will sometimes raise a song\n  Soaring up to heaven,\nThen she will be silent long,\n  And will weep at even.\n\nHope has many a gladsome note\n  Now and then to pipe;\nBut, alas, he has the throat\n  Of a bird unripe.\n\nOften Joy a stave will start\n  Which the welkin rends,\nBut it always breaks athwart,\n  And untimely ends.\n\nGrief, who still for death doth long,\n  Always self-abhorred,\nHas but one low, troubled song,\n_I am sorry, Lord_.\n\nBut Love singeth in the vault.\n  Singeth on the stair;\nEven for Sorrow will not halt,\n  Singeth everywhere.\n\nFor the great Love everywhere\n  Over all doth glow;\nDraws his birds up trough the air,\n  Tends his birds below.\n\nAnd with songs ascending sheer\n  Love-born Love replies,\nSinging _Father_ in his ear\n  Where she bleeding lies.\n\nTherefore, if my heart were right\n  I should sing out clear,\nSing aloud both day and night\n  Every month in the year!\n\n\n\n_SUNDAY_,\n\nDECEMBER 28, 1879.\n\nA dim, vague shrinking haunts my soul,\n  My spirit bodeth ill--\nAs some far-off restraining bank\nHad burst, and waters, many a rank,\n  Were marching on my hill;\n\nAs if I had no fire within\n  For thoughts to sit about;\nAs if I had no flax to spin,\nNo lamp to lure the good things in\n  And keep the bad things out.\n\nThe wind, south-west, raves in the pines\n  That guard my cottage round;\nThe sea-waves fall in stormy lines\nBelow the sandy cliffs and chines,\n  And swell the roaring sound.\n\nThe misty air, the bellowing wind\n  Not often trouble me;\nThe storm that's outside of the mind\nDoth oftener wake my heart to find\n  More peace and liberty.\n\nWhy is not such my fate to-night?\n  Chance is not lord of things!\nMan were indeed a hapless wight\nThings, thoughts occurring as they might--\n  Chaotic wallowings!\n\nThe man of moods might merely say\n  As by the fire he sat,\n\"I am low spirited to-day;\nI must do something, work or play,\n  Lest care should kill the cat!\"\n\nNot such my saw: I was not meant\n  To be the sport of things!\nThe mood has meaning and intent,\nAnd my dull heart is humbly bent\n  To have the truth it brings.\n\nThis sense of needed shelter round,\n  This frequent mental start\nShow what a poor life mine were found,\nTo what a dead self I were bound,\n  How feeble were my heart,\n\nIf I who think did stand alone\n  Centre to what I thought,\nA brain within a box of bone,\nA king on a deserted throne,\n  A something that was nought!\n\nA being without power to be,\n  Or any power to cease;\nWhom objects but compelled to see,\nWhose trouble was a windblown sea,\n  A windless sea his peace!\n\nThis very sadness makes me think\n  How readily I might\nBe driven to reason's farthest brink,\nThen over it, and sudden sink\n  In ghastly waves of night.\n\nIt makes me know when I am glad\n  'Tis thy strength makes me strong;\nBut for thy bliss I should be sad,\nBut for thy reason should be mad,\n  But for thy right be wrong.\n\nAround me spreads no empty waste,\n  No lordless host of things;\nMy restlessness but seeks thy rest;\nMy little good doth seek thy best,\n  My needs thy ministerings.\n\n'Tis this, this only makes me safe--\n  I am, immediate,\nOf one that lives; I am no waif\nThat haggard waters toss and chafe,\n  But of a royal fate,\n\nThe born-child of a Power that lives\n  Because it will and can,\nA Love whose slightest motion gives,\nA Freedom that forever strives\n  To liberate his Man.\n\nI live not on the circling air,\n  Live not by daily food;\nI live not even by thinkings fair,\nI hold my very being there\n  Where God is pondering good.\n\nBecause God lives I live; because\n  He thinks, I also think;\nI am dependent on no laws\nBut on himself, and without pause;\n  Between us hangs no link.\n\nThe man that lives he knows not how\n  May well fear any mouse!\nI should be trembling this same now\nIf I did think, my Father, thou\n  Wast nowhere in the house!\n\nO Father, lift me on thine arm,\n  And hold me close to thee;\nLift me into thy breathing warm,\nThen cast me, and I fear no harm,\n  Into creation's sea!\n\n\n\n_SONG-SERMON_.\n\nIn his arms thy silly lamb,\nLo, he gathers to his breast!\nSee, thou sadly bleating dam,\nSee him lift thy silly lamb!\nHear it cry, \"How blest I am!\nHere is love, and love is rest!\"\nIn his arms thy silly lamb\nSee him gather to his breast!\n\n\n\n_THE DONKEY IN THE CART TO THE HORSE IN THE CARRIAGE_.\n\nI.\n\nI say! hey! cousin there! I mustn't call you brother!\nYet you have a tail behind, and I have another!\nYou pull, and I pull, though we don't pull together:\nYou have less hardship, and I have more weather!\n\nII.\n\nYour legs are long, mine are short; I am lean, you are fatter;\nYour step is bold and free, mine goes pitter-patter;\nYour head is in the air, and mine hangs down like lead--\nBut then my two great ears are so heavy on my head!\n\nIII.\n\nYou need not whisk your stump, nor turn away your nose;\nPoor donkeys ain't so stupid as rich horses may suppose!\nI could feed in any manger just as well as you,\nThough I don't despise a thistle--with sauce of dust and dew!\n\nIV.\n\nT'other day a bishop's cob stopped before me in a lane,\nWith a tail as broad as oil-cake, and a close-clipped hoggy mane;\nI stood sideways to the hedge, but he did not want to pass,\nAnd he was so full of corn he didn't care about the grass.\n\nV.\n\nQuoth the cob, \"You are a donkey of a most peculiar breed!\nYou've just eaten up a thistle that was going fast to seed!\nIf you had but let it be, you might have raised a crop!\nTo many a coming dinner you have put a sad stop!\"\n\nVI.\n\nI told him I was hungry, and to leave one of ten\nWould have spoiled my best dinner, the one I wanted then.\nSaid the cob, \"_I_ ought to know the truth about dinners,\n_I_ don't eat on roadsides like poor tramping sinners!\"\n\nVII.\n\n\"Why don't you take it easy? You are working much too hard!\nIn the shafts you'll die one day, if you're not upon your guard!\nHave pity on your friends: work seems to you delectable,\nBut believe me such a cart--excuse me--'s not respectable!\"\n\nVIII.\n\nI told him I must trot in the shafts where I was put,\nNor look round at the cart, but set foremost my best foot;\nIt _was_ rather rickety, and the axle wanted oil,\nBut I always slept at night with the deep sleep of toil!\n\nIX.\n\n\"All very fine,\" he said, \"to wag your ears and parley,\nAnd pretend you quite despise my bellyfuls of barley!\nBut with blows and with starving, and with labour over-hard,\nBy spurs! a week will see you in the knacker's yard.\"\n\nX.\n\nI thanked him for his counsel, and said I thought I'd take it, really,\nIf he'd spare me half a feed out of four feeds daily.\nHe tossed his head at that: \"Now don't be cheeky!\" said he;\n\"When I find I'm getting fat, I'll think of you: keep steady.\"\n\nXI.\n\n\"Good-bye!\" I said--and say, for you are such another!\nWhy, now I look at you, I see you are his brother!\nYes, thank you for your kick: 'twas all that you could spare,\nFor, sure, they clip and singe you very, very bare!\n\nXII.\n\nMy cart it is upsets you! but in that cart behind\nThere's no dirt or rubbish, no bags of gold or wind!\nThere's potatoes there, and wine, and corn, and mustard-seed,\nAnd a good can of milk, and some honey too, indeed!\n\nXIII.\n\nFew blows I get, some hay, and of water many a draught:\nI tell you he's no coster that sits upon my shaft!\nAnd for the knacker's yard--that's not my destined bed:\nNo donkey ever yet saw himself there lying dead.\n\n\n\n_ROOM TO ROAM_.\n\nStrait is the path? He means we must not roam?\nYes; but the strait path leads into a boundless home.\n\n\n\n_COTTAGE SONGS_.\n\nI.--BY THE CRADLE.\n\nClose her eyes: she must not peep!\nLet her little puds go slack;\nSlide away far into sleep:\nSis will watch till she comes back!\n\nMother's knitting at the door,\nWaiting till the kettle sings;\nWhen the kettle's song is o'er\nShe will set the bright tea-things.\n\nFather's busy making hay\nIn the meadow by the brook,\nNot so very far away--\nClose its peeps, it needn't look!\n\nGod is round us everywhere--\nSees the scythe glitter and rip;\nWatches baby gone somewhere;\nSees how mother's fingers skip!\n\nSleep, dear baby; sleep outright:\n  Mother's sitting just behind:\nFather's only out of sight;\n  God is round us like the wind.\n\nII.--SWEEPING THE FLOOR.\n\nSweep and sweep and sweep the floor,\n  Sweep the dust, pick up the pin;\nMake it clean from fire to door,\n  Clean for father to come in!\n\nMother said that God goes sweeping,\n  Looking, sweeping with a broom,\nAll the time that we are sleeping,\n  For a shilling in the room:\n\nDid he drop it out of glory,\n  Walking far above the birds?\nOr did parson make the story\n  For the thinking afterwards?\n\nIf I were the swept-for shilling\n  I would hearken through the gloom;\nRoll out fast, and fall down willing\n  Right before the sweeping broom!\n\nIII.--WASHING THE CLOTHES.\n\nThis is the way we wash the clo'es\n  Free from dirt and smoke and clay!\nThrough and through the water flows,\n  Carries Ugly right away!\n\nThis is the way we bleach the clo'es:\n  Lay them out upon the green;\nThrough and through the sunshine goes,\n  Makes them white as well as clean!\n\nThis is the way we dry the clo'es:\n  Hang them on the bushes about;\nThrough and through the soft wind blows,\n  Draws and drives the wetness out!\n\nWater, sun, and windy air\n  Make the clothes clean, white, and sweet\nLay them now in lavender\n  For the Sunday, folded neat!\n\nIV.--DRAWING WATER.\n\nDark, as if it would not tell,\n  Lies the water, still and cool:\nDip the bucket in the well,\n  Lift it from the precious pool!\n\nUp it comes all brown and dim,\n  Telling of the twilight sweet:\nAs it rises to the brim\n  See the sun and water meet!\n\nSee the friends each other hail!\n  \"Here you are!\" cries Master Sun;\nMistress Water from the pail\n  Flashes back, alive with fun!\n\nHave you not a tale to tell,\n  Water, as I take you home?\nTell me of the hidden well\n  Whence you, first of all, did come.\n\nOf it you have kept some flavour\n  Through long paths of darkling strife:\nWater all has still a savour\n  Of the primal well of life!\n\nCould you show the lovely way\n  Back and up through sea and sky\nTo that well? Oh, happy day,\n  I would drink, and never die!\n\nJesus sits there on its brink\n  All the world's great thirst to slake,\nOffering every one to drink\n  Who will only come and take!\n\nLord of wells and waters all,\n  Lord of rains and dewy beads,\nUnto thee my thirst doth call\n  For the thing thou know'st it needs!\n\nCome home, water sweet and cool,\n  Gift of God thou always art!\nSpring up, Well more beautiful,\n  Rise in mine straight from his heart.\n\nV.--CLEANING THE WINDOWS.\n\nWash the window; rub it dry;\n  Make the ray-door clean and bright:\nHe who lords it in the sky\n  Loves on cottage floors to light!\n\nLooking over sea and beck,\n  Mountain-forest, orchard-bloom,\nHe can spy the smallest speck\n  Anywhere about the room!\n\nSee how bright his torch is blazing\n  In the heart of mother's store!\nStrange! I never saw him gazing\n  So into that press before!\n\nAh, I see!--the wooden pane\n  In the window, dull and dead,\nFather called its loss a gain,\n  And a glass one put instead!\n\nWhat a difference it makes!\n  How it melts the filmy gloom!\nWhat a little more it takes\n  Much to brighten up a room!\n\nThere I spy a dusty streak!\n  There a corner not quite clean!\nThere a cobweb! There the sneak\n  Of a spider, watching keen!\n\nLord of suns, and eyes that see,\n  Shine into me, see and show;\nLeave no darksome spot in me\n  Where thou dost not shining go.\n\nFill my spirit full of eyes,\n  Doors of light in every part;\nOpen windows to the skies\n  That no moth corrupt my heart.\n\n\n\n_THE WIND AND THE MOON_.\n\nSaid the Wind to the Moon, \"I will blow you out!\n    You stare\n    In the air\n    As if crying _Beware_,\nAlways looking what I am about:\nI hate to be watched; I will blow you out!\"\n\nThe Wind blew hard, and out went the Moon.\n    So, deep\n    On a heap\n    Of clouds, to sleep\nDown lay the Wind, and slumbered soon,\nMuttering low, \"I've done for that Moon!\"\n\nHe turned in his bed: she was there again!\n    On high\n    In the sky\n    With her one ghost-eye\nThe Moon shone white and alive and plain:\nSaid the Wind, \"I will blow you out again!\"\n\nThe Wind blew hard, and the Moon grew slim.\n    \"With my sledge\n    And my wedge\n    I have knocked off her edge!\nI will blow,\" said the Wind, \"right fierce and grim,\nAnd the creature will soon be slimmer than slim!\"\n\nHe blew and he blew, and she thinned to a thread.\n    \"One puff\n    More's enough\n    To blow her to snuff!\nOne good puff more where the last was bred,\nAnd glimmer, glimmer, glum will go that thread!\"\n\nHe blew a great blast, and the thread was gone.\n    In the air\n    Nowhere\n    Was a moonbeam bare;\nLarger and nearer the shy stars shone:\nSure and certain the Moon was gone!\n\nThe Wind he took to his revels once more;\n    On down\n    And in town,\n   A merry-mad clown,\nHe leaped and holloed with whistle and roar--\nWhen there was that glimmering thread once more!\n\nHe flew in a rage--he danced and blew;\n    But in vain\n    Was the pain\n    Of his bursting brain,\nFor still the Moon-scrap the broader grew\nThe more that he swelled his big cheeks and blew.\n\nSlowly she grew--till she filled the night,\n    And shone\n    On her throne\n    In the sky alone\nA matchless, wonderful, silvery light,\nRadiant and lovely, the queen of the night.\n\nSaid the Wind, \"What a marvel of power am I!\n    With my breath,\n    In good faith,\n    I blew her to death!--\nFirst blew her away right out of the sky,\nThen blew her in: what a strength am I!\"\n\nBut the Moon she knew nought of the silly affair;\n    For, high\n    In the sky\n    With her one white eye,\nMotionless miles above the air,\nShe never had heard the great Wind blare.\n\n\n\n_THE FOOLISH HAREBELL_.\n\nA harebell hung her wilful head:\n\"I am tired, so tired! I wish I was dead.\"\n\nShe hung her head in the mossy dell:\n\"If all were over, then all were well!\"\n\nThe Wind he heard, and was pitiful,\nAnd waved her about to make her cool.\n\n\"Wind, you are rough!\" said the dainty Bell;\n\"Leave me alone--I am not well.\"\n\nThe Wind, at the word of the drooping dame,\nSighed to himself and ceased in shame.\n\n\"I am hot, so hot!\" she moaned and said;\n\"I am withering up; I wish I was dead!\"\n\nThen the Sun he pitied her woeful case,\nAnd drew a thick veil over his face.\n\n\"Cloud go away, and don't be rude,\"\nShe said; \"I do not see why you should!\"\n\nThe Cloud withdrew. Then the Harebell cried,\n\"I am faint, so faint!--and no water beside!\"\n\nThe Dew came down its millionfold path:\nShe murmured, \"I did not want a bath!\"\n\nThe Dew went up; the Wind softly crept;\nThe Night came down, and the Harebell slept.\n\nA boy ran past in the morning gray,\nPlucked the Harebell, and threw her away.\n\nThe Harebell shivered, and sighed, \"Oh! oh!\nI am faint indeed! Come, dear Wind, blow.\"\n\nThe Wind blew gently, and did not speak.\nShe thanked him kindly, but grew more weak.\n\n\"Sun, dear Sun, I am cold!\" she said.\nHe shone; but lower she drooped her head.\n\n\"O Rain, I am withering! all the blue\nIs fading out of me!--come, please do!\"\n\nThe Rain came down as fast as he could,\nBut for all his good will he could do her no good.\n\nShe shuddered and shrivelled, and moaning said,\n\"Thank you all kindly!\" and then she was dead.\n\nLet us hope, let us hope when she comes next year\nShe'll be simple and sweet! But I fear, I fear!\n\n\n\n_SONG_.\n\nI was very cold\n  In the summer weather;\nThe sun shone all his gold,\nBut I was very cold--\nAlas, we were grown old,\n  Love and I together!\nOh, but I was cold\n  In the summer weather!\n\nSudden I grew warmer\n  Though the brooks were frozen:\n\"Truly, scorn did harm her!\"\nI said, and I grew warmer;\n\"Better men the charmer\n  Knows at least a dozen!\"\nI said, and I grew warmer\n  Though the brooks were frozen.\n\nSpring sits on her nest,\n  Daisies and white clover;\nAnd my heart at rest\nLies in the spring's young nest:\nMy love she loves me best,\n  And the frost is over!\nSpring sits on her nest,\n  Daisies and white clover!\n\n\n\n_AN IMPROVISATION_.\n\nThe stars cleave the sky.\n  Yet for us they rest,\nAnd their race-course high\n  Is a shining nest!\n\nThe hours hurry on.\n  But where is thy flight,\nSoft pavilion\n  Of motionless night?\n\nEarth gives up her trees\n  To the holy air;\nThey live in the breeze;\n  They are saints at prayer!\n\nSummer night, come from God,\n  On your beauty, I see,\nA still wave has flowed\n  Of eternity!\n\n\n\n_EQUITY_.\n\nNo bird can sing in tune but that the Lord\nSits throned in equity above the heaven,\nAnd holds the righteous balance always even;\nNo heart can true response to love afford\nWherein from one to eight not every chord\nIs yet attuned by the spirits seven:\nFor tuneful no bird sings but that the Lord\nIs throned in equity above high heaven.\n\nOh heart, by wrong unfilial scathed and scored,\nAnd from thy humble throne with mazedness driven,\nTake courage: when thy wrongs thou hast forgiven,\nThy rights in love thy God will see restored:\nNo bird could sing in tune but that the Lord\nSits throned in equity above the heaven.\n\n\n\n_CONTRITION_.\n\nOut of the gulf into the glory,\n  Father, my soul cries out to be lifted.\nDark is the woof of my dismal story,\n  Thorough thy sun-warp stormily drifted!--\nOut of the gulf into the glory,\nLift me, and save my story.\n\nI have done many things merely shameful;\n  I am a man ashamed, my father!\nMy life is ashamed and broken and blameful--\n  The broken and blameful, oh, cleanse and gather!\nHeartily shame me, Lord, of the shameful!\nTo my judge I flee with my blameful.\n\nSaviour, at peace in thy perfect purity,\n  Think what it is, not to be pure!\nStrong in thy love's essential security,\n  Think upon those who are never secure.\nFull fill my soul with the light of thy purity:\nFold me in love's security.\n\nO Father, O Brother, my heart is sore aching!\n  Help it to ache as much as is needful;\nIs it you cleansing me, mending, remaking,\n  Dear potter-hands, so tender and heedful?\nSick of my past, of my own self aching--\nHurt on, dear hands, with your making.\n\nProud of the form thou hadst given thy vessel,\n  Proud of myself, I forgot my donor;\nDown in the dust I began to nestle,\n  Poured thee no wine, and drank deep of dishonour!\nLord, thou hast broken, thou mendest thy vessel!\nIn the dust of thy glory I nestle.\n\n\n\n\n_THE CONSOLER_:\nON AN ENGRAVING OF SCHEFFER'S _Christus Consolator_.\n\nI.\n\nWhat human form is this? what form divine?\nAnd who are these that gaze upon his face\nMild, beautiful, and full of heavenly grace,\nWith whose reflected light the gazers shine?\nSaviour, who does not know it to be thine?\nWho does not long to fill a gazer's place?\nAnd yet there is no time, there is no space\nTo keep away thy servants from thy shrine!\nHere if we kneel, and watch with faithful eyes,\nThou art not too far for faithful eyes to see,\nThou art not too far to turn and look on me,\nTo speak to me, and to receive my sighs.\nTherefore for ever I forget the skies,\nAnd find an everlasting Sun in thee.\n\nII.\n\nOh let us never leave that happy throng!\nFrom that low attitude of love not cease!\nIn all the world there is no other peace,\nIn all the world no other shield from wrong.\nBut chiefly, Saviour, for thy feet we long--\nFor no vain quiet, for no pride's increase--\nBut that, being weak, and Thou divinely strong,\nUs from our hateful selves thou mayst release.\nWe wander from thy fold's free holy air,\nForget thy looks, and take our fill of sin!\nBut if thou keep us evermore within,\nWe never surely can forget thee there--\nBreathing thy breath, thy white robe given to wear,\nAnd loving thee for all thou diedst to win!\n\nIII.\n\nTo speak of him in language of our own,\nIs not for us too daringly to try;\nBut, Saviour, we can read thy history\nUpon the faces round thy humble throne;\nAnd as the flower among the grass makes known\nWhat summer suns have warmed it from the sky,\nAs every human smile and human sigh\nIs witness that we do not live alone,\nSo in that company--in those sweet tears,\nThe first-born of a rugged melted heart,\nIn those gaunt chains for ever torn apart,\nAnd in the words that weeping mother hears,\nWe read the story of two thousand years,\nAnd know thee somewhat, Saviour, as thou art.\n\n\n\n_TO_ ----\n\nI cannot write old verses here,\n  Dead things a thousand years away,\nWhen all the life of the young year\n  Is in the summer day.\n\nThe roses make the world so sweet,\n  The bees, the birds have such a tune,\nThere's such a light and such a heat\n  And such a joy this June,\n\nOne must expand one's heart with praise,\n  And make the memory secure\nOf sunshine and the woodland days\n  And summer twilights pure.\n\nOh listen rather! Nature's song\n  Comes from the waters, beating tides,\nGreen-margined rivers, and the throng\n  Of streams on mountain-sides.\n\nSo fair those water-spirits are,\n  Such happy strength their music fills,\nOur joy shall be to wander far\n  And find them on the hills.\n\n\n\n_TO A SISTER_.\n\nA fresh young voice that sings to me\nSo often many a simple thing,\nShould surely not unanswered be\nBy all that I can sing.\n\nDear voice, be happy every way\nA thousand changing tones among,\nFrom little child's unfinished lay\nTo angel's perfect song.\n\nIn dewy woods--fair, soft, and green\nLike morning woods are childhood's bower--\nBe like the voice of brook unseen\nAmong the stones and flowers;\n\nA joyful voice though born so low,\nAnd making all its neighbours glad;\nSweet, hidden, constant in its flow\nEven when the winds are sad.\n\nSo, strengthen in a peaceful home,\nAnd daily deeper meanings bear;\nAnd when life's wildernesses come\nBe brave and faithful there.\n\nTry all the glorious magic range,\nWorship, forgive, console, rejoice,\nUntil the last and sweetest change--\nSo live and grow, dear voice.\n\n\n\n_THE SHORTEST AND SWEETEST OF SONGS_.\n\nCome\nHome.\n\n\n\n\n      SCOTS SONGS AND BALLADS.\n\n\n\n_ANNIE SHE'S DOWIE_.\n\nAnnie she's dowie, and Willie he's wae:\nWhat can be the matter wi' siccan a twae,\nFor Annie she's fair as the first o' the day,\nAnd Willie he's honest and stalwart and gay?\n\nOh, the tane has a daddy is poor and is proud,\nAnd the tither a minnie that cleiks at the goud '.\nThey lo'ed are anither, and said their say,\nBut the daddy and minnie hae partit the twae!\n\n\n\n_O LASSIE AYONT THE HILL_!\n\nO lassie ayont the hill,\nCome ower the tap o' the hill,\nCome ower the tap wi' the breeze o' the hill,\nBidena ayont the hill!\n  I'm needin ye sair the nicht,\nFor I'm tired and sick o' mysel.\n  A body's sel 's the sairest weicht:\nO lassie, come ower the hill!\n\nGien a body could be a thoucht o' grace,\n  And no a sel ava!\nI'm sick o' my heid and my ban's and my face,\n  O' my thouchts and mysel and a';\n\n  I'm sick o' the warl' and a';\nThe win' gangs by wi' a hiss;\n  Throu my starin een the sunbeams fa'\nBut my weary hert they miss!\n    O lassie ayont the hill,\n      Come ower the tap o' the hill,\n    Come ower the tap wi' the breeze o' the hill,\n      Bidena ayont the hill! &c.\n\nFor gien I but saw yer bonnie heid,\n  And the sunlicht o' yer hair,\nThe ghaist o' mysel wud fa' doun deid,\n  I wud be mysel nae mair.\n  I wud be mysel nae mair,\nFilled o' the sole remeid,\n  Slain by the arrows o' licht frae yer hair,\nKilled by yer body and heid!\n    O lassie ayont the hill, &c.\n\nMy sel micht wauk up at the saft fitfa'\n  O' my bonnie departin dame;\nBut gien she lo'ed me ever sae sma'\n  I micht bide it--the weary same!\n  Noo, sick o' my body and name\nWhan it lifts its upsettin heid,\n  I turn frae the cla'es that cover my frame\nAs gien they war roun the deid.\n    O lassie ayont the hill, &c.\n\nBut gien ye lo'ed me as I lo'e you\n  I wud ring my ain deid knell;\nThe spectre wud melt, shot through and through\n  Wi' the shine o' your sunny sel!\n  By the shine o' yer sunny sel,\nBy the licht aneth yer broo\n  I wud dee to mysel, ring my ain deid-bell,\nAnd live again in you!\n\nO lassie ayont the hill,\nCome ower the tap o' the hill,\nCome ower the tap wi' the breeze o' the hill,\n  For I want ye sair the nicht!\n  I'm needin ye sair the nicht,\nFor I'm tired and sick o' mysel.\n  A body's sel 's the sairest weicht:\nO lassie, come ower the hill!\n\n\n\n_THE BONNY, BONNY DELL_.\n\nOh! the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the yorlin sings,\nWi' a clip o' the sunshine atween his wings;\nWhaur the birks are a' straikit wi' fair munelicht,\nAnd the brume hings its lamps by day and by nicht;\nWhaur the burnie comes trottin ower shingle and stane\nLiltin bonny havers til 'tsel its lane;\nAnd the sliddery troot wi' ae soop o' its tail\nIs ahint the green weed's dark swingin veil!\nOh, the bonny, bonny dell, whaur I sang as I saw\nThe yorlin, the brume, and the burnie, and a'!\n\nOh! the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the primroses won,\nLuikin oot o' their leaves like wee sons o' the sun;\nWhaur the wild roses hing like flickers o' flame,\nAnd fa' at the touch wi' a dainty shame;\nWhaur the bee swings ower the white-clovery sod,\nAnd the butterfly flits like a stray thoucht o' God;\nWhaur, like arrow shot frae life's unseen bow,\nThe dragon-fly burns the sunlicht throu!\nOh, the bonny, bonny dell, whaur I sang to see\nThe rose and the primrose, the draigon and bee!\n\nOh! the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the mune luiks doon\nAs gien she war hearin a soughless tune,\nWhan the flooers and the birdies are a' asleep,\nAnd the verra burnie gangs creepy-creep;\nWhaur the corn-craik craiks i' the lang-heidit rye,\nAnd the nicht is the safter for his rouch cry;\nWhaur the win' wud fain lie doon on the <DW72>,\nAnd the gloamin waukens the high-reachin hope!\nOh, the bonny, bonny dell, whaur, silent, I felt\nThe mune and the darkness baith into me melt!\n\nOh! the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the sun luiks in\nSayin, \"Here awa, there awa, hand awa, Sin!\"\nSayin darkness and sorrow a' work for the licht,\nAnd the will o' God was the hert o' the nicht;\nWhaur the laverock hings hie, on his ain sang borne,\nWi' bird-shout and tirralee hailin the morn;\nWhaur my hert ran ower wi' the lusome bliss\nThat, come winter, come weather, nocht gaed amiss!\nOh, the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the sun luikit in\nSayin, \"Here awa, there awa, hand awa, Sin!\"\n\nOh! the bonny, bonny dell, whaur aft I wud lie,\nWi' Jeanie aside me sae sweet and sae shy;\nWhaur the starry gowans wi' rose-dippit tips\nWar as white as her cheek and as reid as her lips;\nWhaur she spread her gowd hert till she saw that I saw,\nSyne fauldit it up and gied me it a';\nWhaur o' sunlicht and munelicht she was the queen,\nFor baith war but middlin withoot my Jean!\nOh, the bonny, bonny dell, whaur aft I wud lie,\nWi' Jeanie aside me sae sweet and sae shy!\n\nOh! the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the kirkyard lies\nA' day and a' nicht luikin up to the skies;\nWhaur the sheep wauken up i' the simmer nicht,\nTak a bite and lie doon, and await the licht;\nWhaur the psalms roll ower the grassy heaps;\nWhaur the win' comes and moans, and the rain comes and weeps;\nWhaur my Jeanie's no lyin in a' the lair,\nFor she's up and awa up the angels' stair!\nOh, the bonny, bonny dell, whaur the kirkyard lies,\nWhaur the stars luik doon, and the nicht-wind sighs!\n\n\n\n_NANNIE BRAW_.\n\nI like ye weel upo Sundays, Nannie,\n  I' yer goon and yer ribbons and a';\nBut I like ye better on Mondays, Nannie,\n  Whan ye're no sae buskit and braw.\n\nFor whan we're sittin sae douce, Nannie,\n  Wi' the lave o' the worshippin fowk,\nThat aneth the haly hoose, Nannie,\n  Ye micht hear a moudiwarp howk,\n\nIt _will_ come into my heid, Nannie,\n  O' yer braws ye are thinkin a wee;\nNo alane o' the Bible-seed, Nannie,\n  Nor the minister nor me!\n\nSyne hame athort the green, Nannie,\n  Ye gang wi' a toss o' yer chin;\nAnd there walks a shadow atween 's, Nannie,\n  A dark ane though it be thin!\n\nBut noo, whan I see ye gang, Nannie,\n  Eident at what's to be dune,\nLiltin a haiveless sang, Nannie,\n  I wud kiss yer verra shune!\n\nWi' yer silken net on yer hair, Nannie,\n  I' yer bonnie blue petticoat,\nWi' yer kin'ly arms a' bare, Nannie,\n  On yer ilka motion I doat.\n\nFor, oh, but ye're canty and free, Nannie,\n  Airy o' hert and o' fit!\nA star-beam glents frae yer ee, Nannie--\n  O' yersel ye're no thinkin a bit!\n\nFillin the cogue frae the coo, Nannie,\n  Skimmin the yallow ream,\nPourin awa the het broo, Nannie,\n  Lichtin the lampie's leme,\n\nTurnin or steppin alang, Nannie,\n  Liftin and layin doon,\nSettin richt what's aye gaein wrang, Nannie,\n  Yer motion's baith dance and tune!\n\nI' the hoose ye're a licht and a law, Nannie,\n  A servan like him 'at's abune:\nOh, a woman's bonniest o' a', Nannie,\n  Doin what _maun_ be dune!\n\nCled i' yer Sunday claes, Nannie,\n  Fair kythe ye to mony an ee;\nBut cled i' yer ilka-day's, Nannie,\n  Ye draw the hert frae me!\n\n\n\n_OWER THE HEDGE_.\n\nI.\n\n\"Bonny lassie, rosy lassie,\n  Ken ye what is care?\nHad ye ever a thought, lassie,\n  Made yer hertie sair?\"\n\nJohnnie said it, Johnnie seekin\n  Sicht o' Mally's face,\nKeekin i' the hedge o' holly\n  For a thinner place.\n\n\"Na,\" said Mally, pawky smilin,\n  \"Nought o' care ken I;\nGien I meet the gruesome carline,\n  I s' hand weel ootby!\"\n\n\"Lang be licht o' hert, Mally,\n  As o' fut and ban'!\nLang be ready wi' sic answer\n  To ony speirin man!\"\n\n\"Ay, the men 'll aye be speirin!\n  Troth, it's naething new!\nThere's yersel wi' queston, queston--\n  And there's mair like you!\"\n\n\"Deed ye wadna mock me, Mally,\n  Wi' yer lauchin ee,\nGien ye saw the thing aye muvin\n  I' the hert o' me!\"\n\n\"Troth, I'm no sae pryin, laddie,\n  Yon's no my concern!\nJist as sune I wud gang speirin\n  What's intil yon cairn!\"\n\n\"Still and on, there's ae thing, Mally,\n  Yont yer help, my doo--\nThat's to haud my hert frae lo'in\n  At the hert o' you!\"\n\nII.\n\nJohnnie turned and left her,\n  Listit for the war;\nIn a year cam limpin\n  Hame wi' mony a scar.\n\nWha was that was sittin\n  On the brae, sae still?\nWorn and wan and altert,\n  Could it be hersel?\n\nCled in black, her eelids\n  Reid wi' greitin sair--\nWas she wife and widow\n  In a towmond bare?\n\nMally's hert played wallop,\n  Kenned him or he spak:\n\"Are ye no deid, Johnnie?\n  Is't yersel come back?\"\n\n\"Are ye wife or widow?\n  Tell me in a breath;\nLanely life is fearsome,\n  Waur nor ony death!\"\n\n\"Wha cud be a widow\n  Wife was never nane?\nNoo, gien ye will hae me,\n  Noo I will be ane!\"\n\nCrutch awa he flang it,\n  Clean forgot his hairms,\nCudna stan' withoot it,\n  Fell in Mally's airms.\n\n\n\n_GAEIN AND COMIN_.\n\nWhan Andrew frae Strathbogie gaed\n  The lift was lowerin dreary,\nThe sun he wadna raise his heid,\n  The win' blew laich and eerie.\nIn's pooch he had a plack or twa--\n  I vow he hadna mony,\nYet Andrew like a linty sang,\n  For Lizzie was sae bonny!\n    O Lizzie, Lizzie, bonny lassie!\n    Bonny, saucy hizzy!\n    What richt had ye to luik at me\n    And drive me daft and dizzy?\n\nWhan Andrew to Strathbogie cam\n  The sun was shinin rarely;\nHe rade a horse that pranced and sprang--\n  I vow he sat him fairly!\nAnd he had gowd to spen' and spare,\n  And a hert as true as ony;\nBut his luik was doon, his sigh was sair,\n  For Lizzie was sae bonny!\n    O Lizzie, Lizzie, bonny hizzy!\n    Aih, the sunlicht weary!\n    Ye're straucht and rare--ye're fause though fair!--\n    Hech, auld John Armstrong's deary!\n\n\n\n_A SANG O' ZION_.\n\nAne by ane they gang awa;\nThe getherer gethers grit and sma':\nAne by ane maks ane and a'!\n\nAye whan ane sets doon the cup\nAne ahint maun tak it up:\nA' thegither they will sup!\n\nGolden-heidit, ripe, and strang,\nShorn will be the hairst or lang:\nSyne begins a better sang!\n\n\n\n_TIME AND TIDE_.\n\n  As I was walkin on the strand,\n    I spied ane auld man sit\n  On ane auld black rock; and aye the waves\n    Cam washin up its fit.\n  His lips they gaed as gien they wad lilt,\n    But o' liltin, wae's me, was nane!\n  He spak but an owercome, dreary and dreigh,\n    A burden wha's sang was gane:\n\"Robbie and Jeanie war twa bonnie bairns;\n  They playt thegither i' the gloamin's hush:\nUp cam the tide and the mune and the sterns,\n  And pairtit the twa wi' a glint and a gush.\"\n\n  \"What can the auld man mean,\" quod I,\n    \"Sittin o' the auld black rock?\n  The tide creeps up wi' a moan and a cry,\n    And a hiss 'maist like a mock!\n  The words he mutters maun be the en'\n    O' some weary auld-warl' sang--\n  A deid thing floatin aboot in his brain,\n    'At the tide 'ill no lat gang!\"\n\"Robbie and Jeanie war twa bonnie bairns;\n  They playt thegither i' the gloamin's hush:\nUp cam the tide and the mune and the sterns,\n  And pairtit the twa wi' a glint and a gush.\"\n\n  \"Hoo pairtit it them, auld man?\" I said;\n    \"Was't the sea cam up ower strang?\n  Oh, gien thegither the twa o' them gaed\n    Their pairtin wasna lang!\n  Or was are ta'en, and the ither left--\n    Ane to sing, are to greit?\n  It's sair, I ken, to be sae bereft--\n    But there's the tide at yer feet!\"\n\"Robbie and Jeanie war twa bonnie bairns,\n  And they playt thegither i' the gloamin's hush:\nUp cam the tide and the mune and the sterns,\n  And pairtit the twa wi' a glint and a gush.\"\n\n  \"Was't the sea o' space wi' its storm o' time\n    That wadna lat things bide?\n  But Death's a diver frae heavenly clime\n    Seekin ye neth its tide,\n  And ye'll gaze again in ither's ee,\n    Far abune space and time!\"\n  Never ae word he answered me,\n    But changed a wee his rime:\n\"Robbie and Jeanie war twa bonnie bairns,\n  And they playt thegither upo' the shore;\nUp cam the tide and the mune and the sterns,\n  And pairtit the twa for evermore.\"\n\n  \"May be, auld man, 'twas the tide o' change\n    That crap atween the twa?\n  Hech! that's a droonin fearsome strange,\n    Waur, waur nor are and a'!\"\n  He said nae mair. I luikit, and saw\n    His lips they couldna gang:\n  Death, the diver, had ta'en him awa,\n    To gie him a new auld sang.\nRobbie and Jeanie war twa bonnie bairns,\n  And they playt thegither upo' the shore:\nUp cam the tide and the mune and the sterns,\n  And souft them awa throu a mirksome door!\n\n\n\n_THE WAESOME CARL_.\n\nThere cam a man to oor toon-en',\n  And a waesome carl was he,\nSnipie-nebbit, and crookit-mou'd,\n  And gleyt o' a blinterin ee.\nMuckle he spied, and muckle he spak,\n  But the owercome o' his sang,\nWhatever it said, was aye the same:--\n  There's nane o' ye a' but's wrang!\n      Ye're a' wrang, and a' wrang,\n      And a'thegither a' wrang:\n      There's no a man aboot the toon\n      But's a'thegither a' wrang.\n\nThat's no the gait to fire the breid,\n  Nor yet to brew the yill;\nThat's no the gait to haud the pleuch,\n  Nor yet to ca the mill;\nThat's no the gait to milk the coo,\n  Nor yet to spean the calf,\nNor yet to tramp the girnel-meal--\n  Ye kenna yer wark by half!\n      Ye're a' wrang, &c.\n\nThe minister wasna fit to pray\n  And lat alane to preach;\nHe nowther had the gift o' grace\n  Nor yet the gift o' speech!\nHe mind't him o' Balaaem's ass,\n  Wi' a differ we micht ken:\nThe Lord he opened the ass's mou,\n  The minister opened's ain!\n      He was a' wrang, and a' wrang,\n      And a'thegither a' wrang;\n      There wasna a man aboot the toon\n      But was a'thegither a' wrang!\n\nThe puir precentor couldna sing,\n  He gruntit like a swine;\nThe verra elders couldna pass\n  The ladles til his min'.\nAnd for the rulin' elder's grace\n  It wasna worth a horn;\nHe didna half uncurse the meat,\n  Nor pray for mair the morn!\n      He was a' wrang, &c.\n\nAnd aye he gied his nose a thraw,\n  And aye he crook't his mou;\nAnd aye he cockit up his ee\n  And said, Tak tent the noo!\nWe snichert hint oor loof, my man,\n  But never said him nay;\nAs gien he had been a prophet, man,\n  We loot him say his say:\n    Ye're a' wrang, &c.\n\nQuo oor gudeman: The crater's daft!\n  Heard ye ever sic a claik?\nLat's see gien he can turn a ban',\n  Or only luik and craik!\nIt's true we maunna lippin til him--\n  He's fairly crack wi' pride,\nBut he maun live--we canna kill him!\n  Gien he can work, he s' bide.\n    He was a' wrang, and a' wrang,\n    And a'thegither a' wrang;\n    There, troth, the gudeman o' the toon\n    Was a'thegither a' wrang!\n\nQuo he, It's but a laddie's turn,\n  But best the first be a sma' thing:\nThere's a' thae weyds to gether and burn,\n  And he's the man for a' thing!--\nWe yokit for the far hill-moss,\n  There was peats to cast and ca;\nO' 's company we thoucht na loss,\n  'Twas peace till gloamin-fa'!\n    We war a' wrang, and a' wrang,\n    And a'thegither a' wrang;\n    There wasna man aboot the toon\n    But was a'thegither a' wrang!\n\nFor, losh, or it was denner-time\n  The toon was in a low!\nThe reek rase up as it had been\n  Frae Sodom-flames, I vow.\nWe lowst and rade like mad, for byre\n  And ruck bleezt a' thegither,\nAs gien the deil had broucht the fire\n  Frae's hell to mak anither!\n    'Twas a' wrang, and a' wrang,\n    And a'thegither a' wrang,\n    Stick and strae aboot the place\n    Was a'thegither a' wrang!\n\nAnd luikin on, ban's neth his tails,\n  The waesome carl stude;\nTo see him wagglin at thae tails\n  'Maist drave 's a' fairly wud.\nAin wite! he cried; I tauld ye sae!\n  Ye're a' wrang to the last:\nWhat gart ye burn thae deevilich weyds\n  Whan the win' blew frae the wast!\n    Ye're a' wrang, and a' wrang,\n    And a'thegither a' wrang;\n    There's no a man i' this fule warl\n    But's a'thegither a' wrang!\n\n\n\n_THE MERMAID_.\n\nUp cam the tide wi' a burst and a whush,\n  And back gaed the stanes wi' a whurr;\nThe king's son walkit i' the evenin hush,\n  To hear the sea murmur and murr.\n\nStraucht ower the water slade frae the mune\n  A glimmer o' cauld weet licht;\nAne o' her horns rase the water abune,\n  And lampit across the nicht.\n\nQuhat's that, and that, far oot i' the gray,\n  The laich mune bobbin afore?\nIt's the bonny sea-maidens at their play--\n  Haud awa, king's son, frae the shore.\n\nAe rock stude up like an auld aik-root,\n  The king's son he steppit ahin';\nThe bonny sea-maidens cam gambolin oot,\n  Kaimin their hair to the win'.\n\nO merry their lauch whan they fan the warm san',\n  For the lichtsome reel sae meet!\nIlk are flang her kaim frae her pearly ban',\n  And tuik til her pearly feet.\n\nBut are, wha's beauty was dream and spell,\n  Her kaim on the rock she cuist;\nHer back was scarce turnt whan the munelicht shell\n  Was lyin i' the prince's breist!\n\nThe cluds grew grim as he watched their game,\n  Th' win' blew up an angry tune;\nAne efter are tuik up her kaim,\n  And seaward gaed dancin doon.\n\nBut are, wi' hair like the mune in a clud,\n  Was left by the rock her lane;\nWi' flittin ban's, like a priest's, she stude,\n  'Maist veiled in a rush o' rain.\n\nShe spied the prince, she sank at his feet,\n  And lay like a wreath o' snaw\nMeltin awa i' the win' and weet\n  O' a wastin wastlin thaw.\n\nHe liftit her, trimlin wi' houp and dreid,\n  And hame wi' his prize he gaed,\nAnd laid her doon, like a witherin weed,\n  Saft on a gowden bed.\n\nA' that nicht, and a' day the neist,\n  She never liftit heid;\nQuaiet lay the sea, and quaiet lay her breist,\n  And quaiet lay the kirkyard-deid.\n\nBut quhan at the gloamin a sea-breeze keen\n  Blew intil the glimsome room,\nLike twa settin stars she opened her een,\n  And the sea-flooer began to bloom.\n\nAnd she saw the prince kneelin at her bed,\n  And afore the mune was new,\nCareless and cauld she was wooed and wed--\n  But a winsome wife she grew.\n\nAnd a' gaed weel till their bairn was born,\n  And syne she cudna sleep;\nShe wud rise at midnicht, and wan'er till morn,\n  Hark-harkin the sough o' the deep.\n\nAe nicht whan the win' gaed ravin aboot,\n  And the winnocks war speckled wi' faem,\nFrae room to room she strayt in and oot,\n  And she spied her pearly kaim.\n\nShe twined up her hair wi' eager ban's,\n  And in wi' the rainbow kaim!\nShe's oot, and she's aff ower the shinin san's\n  And awa til her moanin hame!\n\nThe prince he startit whaur he lay,\n  He waukit, and was himlane!\nHe soucht far intil the mornin gray,\n  But his bonny sea-wife was gane!\n\nAnd ever and aye, i' the mirk or the mune,\n  Whan the win' blew saft frae the sea,\nThe sad shore up and the sad shore doon\n  By the lanely rock paced he.\n\nBut never again on the sands to play\n  Cam the maids o' the merry, cauld sea;\nHe heard them lauch far oot i' the bay,\n  But hert-alane gaed he.\n\n\n\n_THE YERL O' WATERYDECK_.\n\nThe wind it blew, and the ship it flew,\n  And it was \"Hey for hame!\"\nBut up an' cried the skipper til his crew,\n  \"Haud her oot ower the saut sea faem.\"\n\nSyne up an' spak the angry king:\n  \"Haud on for Dumferline!\"\nQuo' the skipper, \"My lord, this maunna be--\n  _I_'m king on this boat o' mine!\"\n\nHe tuik the helm intil his han',\n  He left the shore un'er the lee;\nSyne croodit sail, an', east an' south,\n  Stude awa richt oot to sea.\n\nQuo' the king, \"Leise-majesty, I trow!\n  Here lies some ill-set plan!\n'Bout ship!\" Quo' the skipper, \"Yer grace forgets\n  Ye are king but o' the lan'!\"\n\nOot he heild to the open sea\n  Quhill the north wind flaughtered an' fell;\nSyne the east had a bitter word to say\n  That waukent a watery hell.\n\nHe turnt her heid intil the north:\n  Quo' the nobles, \"He s' droon, by the mass!\"\nQuo' the skipper, \"Haud afif yer lady-ban's\n  Or ye'll never see the Bass.\"\n\nThe king creepit down the cabin-stair\n  To drink the gude French wine;\nAn' up cam his dochter, the princess fair,\n  An' luikit ower the brine.\n\nShe turnt her face to the drivin snaw,\n  To the snaw but and the weet;\nIt claucht her snood, an' awa like a dud\n  Her hair drave oot i' the sleet.\n\nShe turnt her face frae the drivin win'--\n  \"Quhat's that aheid?\" quo' she.\nThe skipper he threw himsel frae the win'\n  An' he brayt the helm alee.\n\n\"Put to yer han', my lady fair!\n  Haud up her heid!\" quo' he;\n\"Gien she dinna face the win' a wee mair\n  It's faurweel to you an' me!\"\n\nTo the tiller the lady she laid her han',\n  An' the ship brayt her cheek to the blast;\nThey joukit the berg, but her quarter scraped,\n  An' they luikit at ither aghast.\n\nQuo' the skipper, \"Ye are a lady fair,\n  An' a princess gran' to see,\nBut war ye a beggar, a man wud sail\n  To the hell i' yer company!\"\n\nShe liftit a pale an' a queenly face,\n  Her een flashed, an' syne they swam:\n\"An' what for no to the hevin?\" she says,\n  An' she turnt awa frae him.\n\nBot she tuik na her han' frae the gude ship's helm\n  Till the day begouth to daw;\nAn' the skipper he spak, but what was said\n  It was said atween them twa.\n\nAn' syne the gude ship she lay to,\n  Wi' Scotlan' hyne un'er the lee;\nAn' the king cam up the cabin-stair\n  Wi' wan face an' bluidshot ee.\n\nLaigh loutit the skipper upo' the deck;\n  \"Stan' up, stan' up,\" quo' the king;\n\"Ye're an honest loun--an' beg me a boon\n  Quhan ye gie me back this ring.\"\n\nLowne blew the win'; the stars cam oot;\n  The ship turnt frae the north;\nAn' or ever the sun was up an' aboot\n  They war intil the firth o' Forth.\n\nQuhan the gude ship lay at the pier-heid,\n  And the king stude steady o' the lan',--\n\"Doon wi' ye, skipper--doon!\" he said,\n  \"Hoo daur ye afore me stan'!\"\n\nThe skipper he loutit on his knee;\n  The king his blade he drew:\nQuo' the king, \"Noo mynt ye to centre me!\n  I'm aboord _my_ vessel noo!\n\n\"Gien I hadna been yer verra gude lord\n  I wud hae thrawn yer neck!\nBot--ye wha loutit Skipper o' Doon,\n  Rise up Yerl o' Waterydeck.\"\n\nThe skipper he rasena: \"Yer Grace is great,\n  Yer wull it can heize or ding:\nWi' ae wee word ye hae made me a yerl--\n  Wi' anither mak me a king.\"\n\n\"I canna mak ye a king,\" quo' he,\n  \"The Lord alane can do that!\nI snowk leise-majesty, my man!\n  Quhat the Sathan wad ye be at?\"\n\nGlowert at the skipper the doutsum king\n  Jalousin aneth his croon;\nQuo' the skipper, \"Here is yer Grace's ring--\n  An' yer dochter is my boon!\"\n\nThe black blude shot intil the king's face\n  He wasna bonny to see:\n\"The rascal skipper! he lichtlies oor grace!--\n  Gar hang him heigh on yon tree.\"\n\nUp sprang the skipper an' aboord his ship,\n  Cleikit up a bytin blade\nAn' hackit at the cable that held her to the pier,\n  An' thoucht it 'maist ower weel made.\n\nThe king he blew shill in a siller whustle;\n  An' tramp, tramp, doon the pier\nCam twenty men on twenty horses,\n  Clankin wi' spur an' spear.\n\nAt the king's fute fell his dochter fair:\n  \"His life ye wadna spill!\"\n\"Ye daur stan' twixt my hert an' my hate?\"\n  \"I daur, wi' a richt gude will!\"\n\n\"Ye was aye to yer faither a thrawart bairn,\n  But, my lady, here stan's the king!\nLuikna _him_ i' the angry face--\n  A monarch's anither thing!\"\n\n\"I lout to my father for his grace\n  Low on my bendit knee;\nBut I stan' an' luik the king i' the face,\n  For the skipper is king o' me!\"\n\nShe turnt, she sprang upo' the deck,\n  The cable splashed i' the Forth,\nHer wings sae braid the gude ship spread\n  And flew east, an' syne flew north.\n\nNow was not this a king's dochter--\n  A lady that feared no skaith?\nA woman wi' quhilk a man micht sail\n  Prood intil the Port o' Death?\n\n\n\n_THE TWA GORDONS_.\n\nI.\n\nThere was John Gordon an' Archibold,\nAn' a yerl's twin sons war they;\nQuhan they war are an' twenty year auld\nThey fell oot on their ae birthday.\n\n\"Turn ye, John Gordon, nae brither to me!\nTurn ye, fause an' fell!\nOr doon ye s' gang, as black as a lee,\nTo the muckle deevil o' hell.\"\n\n\"An' quhat for that, Archie Gordon, I pray?\nQuhat ill hae I dune to thee?\"\n\"Twa-faced loon, ye sail rue this day\nThe answer I'm gauin to gie!\n\n\"For it'll be roucher nor lady Janet's,\nAn' loud i' the braid daylicht;\nAn' the wa' to speil is my iron mail,\nNo her castle-wa' by nicht!\"\n\n\"I speilt the wa' o' her castle braw\nI' the roarin win' yestreen;\nAn' I sat in her bower till the gloamin sta'\nLicht-fittit ahint the mune.\"\n\n\"Turn ye, John Gordon--the twasum we s' twin!\nTurn ye, an' haud yer ain;\nFor ane sall lie on a cauld weet bed--\nAn' I downa curse again!\"\n\n\"O Archie, Janet is my true love--\nnotna speir leave o' thee!\"\n\"Gien that be true, the deevil's a sanct,\nAn' ye are no tellin a lee!\"\n\nTheir suerds they drew, an' the fire-flauchts flew,\n  An' they shiftit wi' fendin feet;\nAn' the blude ran doon, till the grun a' roun\n  Like a verra bog was weet.\n\n\"O Archie, I hae gotten a cauld supper--\n  O' steel, but shortest grace!\nAe grip o' yer han' afore ye gang!\n  An' turn me upo' my face.\"\n\nBut he's turnit himsel upon his heel,\n  An' wordless awa he's gane;\nAn' the corbie-craw i' the aik abune\n  Is roupin for his ain.\n\nII.\n\nLady Margaret, her hert richt gret,\n  Luiks ower the castle wa';\nLord Archibold rides oot at the yett,\n  Ahint him his merry men a'.\n\nWi' a' his band, to the Holy Land\n  He's boune wi' merry din,\nHis shouther's doss a Christ's cross,\n  In his breist an ugsome sin.\n\nBut the cross it brunt him like the fire.\n  Its burnin never ceast;\nIt brunt in an' in, to win at the sin\n  Lay cowerin in his breist.\n\nA mile frae the shore o' the Deid Sea\n  The army haltit ae nicht;\nLord Archie was waukrife, an' oot gaed he\n  A walkin i' the munelicht.\n\nDour-like he gaed, wi' doon-hingin heid,\n  Quhill he cam, by the licht o' the mune,\nQuhaur michty stanes lay scattert like sheep,\n  An' ance they worshipt Mahoun.\n\nThe scruff an' scum o' the deid shore gleamt\n  An' glintit a sauty gray;\nThe banes o' the deid stack oot o' its bed,\n  The sea lickit them as they lay.\n\nHe sat him doon on a sunken stane,\n  An' he sighit sae dreary an' deep:\n\"I can thole ohn grutten, lyin awauk,\n  But he comes whan I'm asleep!\n\n\"I wud gie my soul for ever an' aye\n  Intil en'less dule an' smert,\nTo sleep a' nicht like a bairn again,\n  An' cule my burnin hert!\"\n\nOot frae ahint a muckle stane\n  Cam a voice like a huddy craw's:\n\"Behaud there, Archibold Gordon!\" it said,\n  \"Behaud--ye hae ower gude cause!\"\n\n\"I'll say quhat I like,\" quod Archibold,\n  \"Be ye ghaist or deevil or quhat!\"\n\"Tak tent, lord Archie, gien ye be wise--\n  The tit winna even the tat!\"\n\nLord Archibold leuch wi' a loud ha, ha,\n  Eerisome, grousum to hear:\n\"A bonny bargain auld Cloots wad hae,\n  It has ilka faut but fear!\"\n\n\"Dune, lord Archibold?\" craikit the voice;\n  \"Dune, Belzie!\" cried he again.--\nThe gray banes glimmert, the white saut shimmert--\n  Lord Archie was him lane.\n\nBack he gaed straught, by the glowerin mune,\n  An' doun in his plaid he lay,\nAn' soun' he sleepit.--A ghaist-like man\n  Sat by his heid quhill the day.\n\nAn' quhanever he moanit or turnit him roun,\n  Or his broo gae token o' plycht,\nThe waukin man i' the sleepin man's lug\n  Wud rown a murgeon o' micht.\n\nAn' the glint o' a smile wud quaver athort\n  The sleepin cheek sae broun,\nAn' a tear atween the ee-lids wud stert,\n  An' whiles rin fairly doun.\n\nAn' aye by his lair sat the ghaist-like man,\n  He watchit his sleep a' nicht;\nAn' in mail rust-broun, wi' his visorne doun,\n  Rade at his knee i' the fecht.\n\nNor anis nor twyis the horn-helmit chiel\n  Saved him frae deidly dad;\nAn' Archie said, \"Gien this be the deil\n  He's no sac black as he's ca'd.\"\n\nBut wat ye fu' weel it wasna the deil\n  That tuik lord Archie's pairt,\nBut his twin-brother John he thoucht deid an' gone,\n  Wi' luve like a lowe in his hert.\n\nIII.\n\nHame cam lord Archibold, weary wicht,\n  Hame til his ain countree;\nAn' he cried, quhan his castle rase in sicht,\n  \"Noo Christ me sain an' see!\"\n\nHe turnit him roun: the man in rust-broun\n  Was gane, he saw nocht quhair!\nAt the ha' door he lichtit him doun,\n  Lady Margaret met him there.\n\nReid, reid war her een, but hie was her mien,\n  An' her words war sharp an' sair:\n\"Welcome, Archie, to dule an' tene,\n  An' welcome ye s' get nae mair!\n\nQuhaur is yer twin, lord Archibold,\n  That lay i' my body wi' thee?\nI miss my mark gien he liesna stark\n  Quhaur the daylicht comesna to see!\"\n\nLord Archibold dochtna speik a word\n  For his hert was like a stane;\nHe turnt him awa--an' the huddy craw\n  Was roupin for his ain.\n\n\"Quhaur are ye gaein, lord Archie,\" she said,\n  \"Wi' yer lips sae white an' thin?\"\n\"Mother, gude-bye! I'm gaein to lie\n  Ance mair wi' my body-twin.\"\n\nUp she brade, but awa he gaed\n  Straucht for the corbie-tree;\nFor quhaur he had slain he thoucht to slay,\n  An' cast him doon an' dee.\n\n\"God guide us!\" he cried wi' gastit rair,\n  \"Has he lien there ever sin' syne?\"\nAn' he thoucht he saw the banes, pykit an' bare,\n  Throu the cracks o' his harness shine.\n\n\"Oh Johnnie! my brither!\" quo' Archibold\n  Wi' a hert-upheavin mane,\n\"I wad pit my soul i' yer wastit corp\n  To see ye alive again!\"\n\n\"Haud ye there!\" quod a voice frae oot the helm,\n  \"A man suld heed quhat he says!\"\nAn' the closin joints grippit an' tore the gerse\nAs up the armour rase:--\n\n\"Soul ye hae nane to ca' yer ain\n  An' its time to hand yer jaw!\nThe sleep it was thine, an' the soul it is mine:\n  Deil Archie, come awa!\"\n\n\"Auld Hornie,\" quo' Archie, \"twa words to that:\n  My burnin hert burns on;\nAn' the sleep, weel I wat, was nae reek frae thy pat,\n  For aye I was dreamin o' John!\n\n\"But I carena a plack for a soul sae black--\n  Wae's me 'at my mither bore me!\nPut fire i' my breist an' fire at my back,\n  But ae minute set Johnnie afore me!\"\n\nThe gantlets grippit the helm sae stoot\n  An' liftit frae chin an' broo:\nAn' Johnnie himsel keekit smilin oot:--\n  \"O Archie, I hae ye noo!\n\n\"O' yer wee bit brod I was little the waur,\n  I crap awa my lane;\nAn' never a deevil cam ye nar,\n  'Cep ye coont yer Johnnie ane!\"\n\nQuhare quhylum his brither Johnnie lay,\n  Fell Archie upon his knees;\nThe words he said I dinna say,\n  But I'm sure they warna lees.\n\n\n\n_THE LAST WOOIN_.\n\n\"O lat me in, my bonny lass!\n  It's a lang road ower the hill,\nAnd the flauchterin snaw begud to fa'\n  On the brig ayont the mill!\"\n\n\"Here's nae change-hoose, John Munro!\"\n  \"I'll ken that to my cost\nGien ye gar me tak the hill the nicht,\n  Wi' snaw o' the back o' frost!\n\nBut tell me, lass, what's my offence.\"\n  \"Weel ken ye! At the fair\nYe lichtlied me! Ay, twasna ance!--\n  Ye needna come nae mair!\"\n\n\"I lichtlied ye?\"--\"Ay, ower the glass!\"\n  \"Foul-fa' the ill-faured mou\n'At made the leein word to pass\n  By rowin 't i' the true!\n\nThe trouth is this: I dochtna bide\n  To hear yer bonnie name\nWhaur lawless mous war openit wide\n  Wi' ill-tongued scoff and blame;\n\nAnd what I said was: 'Hoot, lat sit!\n  She's but a bairn, the lass!'\nIt turnt the spait o' words a bit,\n  And loot yer fair name pass.\"\n\n\"Thank ye for naething, John Munro!\n  My name it needna hide;\nIt's no a drucken sough wud gar\n  Me turn my heid aside!\"\n\n\"O Elsie, lassie, be yersel!\n  The snaw-stour's driftin thrang!\nO tak me in, the win' 's sae snell,\n  And in an hour I'll gang.\"\n\n\"I downa pay ye guid for ill,\n  Ye heedna fause and true!\nGang back to Katie at the mill--\n  She loos sic like as you!\"\n\nHe turnt his fit; she heardna mair.\n  The lift was like to fa';\nAnd Elsie's hert grew grit and sair\n  At sicht o' the drivin snaw.\n\nShe laid her doon, but no to sleep,\n  Her verra hert was cauld;\nAnd the sheets war like a frozen heap\n  O' drift aboot her faul'd.\n\nShe rase fu' air; the warl lay fair\n  And still in its windin-sheet;\nAt door-cheek, or at winnock-lug,\n  Was never a mark o' feet!\n\nShe crap for days aboot the hoose,\n  Dull-futtit and hert-sair,\nAye keekin oot like a hungert moose--\n  But Johnnie was na there!\n\nLang or the spring begoud to thow\n  The waesome, sick-faced snaw,\nHer hert was saft a' throu and throu,\n  Her pride had ta'en a fa'.\n\nAnd whan the wreaths war halflins gane,\n  And the sun was blinkin bonnie,\nOot ower the hill she wud gang her lane\n  To speir aboot her Johnnie.\n\nHalf ower, she cam intil a lair\n  O' snaw and slush and weet:\nThe Lord hae mercy! what's that there?\n  It was Johnnie at her feet.\n\nAneth the snaw his heid was smorit,\n  But his breist was maistly bare,\nAnd twixt his richt ban' and his hert\n  Lay a lock o' gouden hair.\n\nThe warm win' blew, the blackcock flew,\n  The lerrick muntit the skies;\nThe burnie ran, and a baein began,\n  But Johnnie wudna rise.\n\nThe sun was clear, the lift was blue,\n  The winter was awa;\nUp cam the green gerse plentifu,\n  The better for the snaw;\n\nAnd warm it happit Johnnie's grave\n  Whaur the ae lock gouden lay;\nBut on Elsie's hingin heid the lave\n  Was afore the barley gray.\n\n\n\n_HALLOWEEN_.\n\nSweep up the flure, Janet;\n  Put on anither peat.\nIt's a lown and a starry nicht, Janet,\n  And nowther cauld nor weet.\n\nIt's the nicht atween the Sancts and Souls\n  Whan the bodiless gang aboot;\nAnd it's open hoose we keep the nicht\n  For ony that may be oot.\n\nSet the cheirs back to the wa', Janet;\n  Mak ready for quaiet fowk.\nHae a'thing as clean as a windin-sheet:\n  They comena ilka ook.\n\nThere's a spale upo' the flure, Janet,\n  And there's a rowan-berry!\nSweep them intil the fire, Janet,\n  Or they'll neither come nor tarry.\n\nSyne set open the outer dure--\n  Wide open for wha kens wha?\nAs ye come ben to your bed, Janet,\n  Set baith dures to the wa'.\n\nShe set the cheirs back to the wa',\n  But ane that was o' the birk;\nShe sweepit the flure, but left the spale--\n  A lang spale o' the aik.\n\nThe nicht was lown; the stars sae still\n  War glintin doon the sky;\nThe souls crap oot o' their mooly graves,\n  A' dank wi' lyin by.\n\nThey faund the dure wide to the wa',\n  And the peats blawn rosy reid:\nThey war shuneless feet gaed in and oot,\n  Nor clampit as they gaed.\n\nThe mither she keekit but the hoose,\n  Saw what she ill could say;\nQuakin she slidit doon by Janet,\n  And gaspin a whilie she lay.\n\nThere's are o' them sittin afore the fire!\n  Ye wudna hearken to me!\nJanet, ye left a cheir by the fire,\n  Whaur I tauld ye nae cheir suld be!\n\nJanet she smilit in her minnie's face:\n  She had brunt the roden reid,\nBut she left aneth the birken cheir\n  The spale frae a coffin-lid!\n\nSaft she rase and gaed but the hoose,\n  And ilka dure did steik.\nThree hours gaed by, and her minnie heard\n  Sound o' the deid nor quick.\n\nWhan the gray cock crew, she heard on the flure\n  The fa' o' shuneless feet;\nWhan the rud cock crew, she heard the dure,\n  And a sough o' win' and weet.\n\nWhan the goud cock crew, Janet cam back;\n  Her face it was gray o' ble;\nWi' starin een, at her mither's side\n  She lay doon like a bairn to dee.\n\nHer white lips hadna a word to lat fa'\n  Mair nor the soulless deid;\nSeven lang days and nights she lay,\n  And never a word she said.\n\nSyne suddent, as oot o' a sleep, she brade,\n  Smilin richt winsumly;\nAnd she spak, but her word it was far and strayit,\n  Like a whisper come ower the sea.\n\nAnd never again did they hear her lauch,\n  Nor ever a tear doun ran;\nBut a smile aye flittit aboot her face\n  Like the mune on a water wan.\n\nAnd ilka nicht atween Sancts and Souls\n  She laid the dures to the wa',\nBlew up the fire, and set the cheir,\n  And loot the spale doon fa'.\n\nAnd at midnicht she gaed but the hoose\n  Aye steekin dure and dure.\nWhan the goud cock crew, quaiet as a moose\n  She cam creepin ower the flure.\n\nMair wan grew her face, and her smile mair sweet\n  Quhill the seventh Halloweve:\nHer mother she heard the shuneless feet,\n  Said--She'll be ben belyve!\n\nShe camna ben. Her minnie rase--\n  For fear she 'maist cudna stan;\nShe grippit the wa', and but she gaed,\n  For the goud cock lang had crawn.\n\nThere sat Janet upo' the birk cheir,\n  White as the day did daw;\nBut her smile was a sunglint left on the sea\n  Whan the sun himsel is awa.\n\n\n\n_THE LAVEROCK_.\n\n_The Man says:_\n\nLaverock i' the lift,\nHae ye nae sang-thrift,\n'At ye scatter 't sae heigh, and lat it a' drift?\n    Wasterfu laverock!\n\nDinna ye ken\n'At ye hing ower men\nWha haena a sang or a penny to spen?\n    Hertless laverock!\n\nBut up there you,\nI' the bow o' the blue,\nHaud skirlin on as gien a' war new!\n    Toom-heidit laverock!\n\nHaith, ye're ower blythe!\nI see a great scythe\nSwing whaur yer nestie lies, doon i' the lythe,\n    Liltin laverock!\n\nEh, sic a soun!\nBirdie, come doun,\nYe're fey to sing sic a merry tune!\n    Gowkit laverock!\n\nCome to yer nest;\nYer wife's sair prest,\nShe's clean worn oot wi' duin her best!\n    Rovin laverock!\n\nWinna ye haud?\nYe're surely mad!\nIs there naebody there to gie ye a dad,\n    Menseless laverock?\n\nCome doon and conform,\nPyke an honest worm,\nAnd hap yer bairns frae the comin storm,\n    Spendrife laverock!\n\n_The Bird sings:_\n\n    My nestie it lieth\n    I' the how o' a ban';\n    The swing o' the scythe\n    'Ill miss 't by a span.\n\n    The lift it's sae cheery!\n    The win' it's sae free!\n    I hing ower my dearie,\n    And sing 'cause I see.\n\n    My wifie's wee breistie\n    Grows warm wi' my sang,\n    And ilk crumpled-up beastie\n    Kens no to think lang.\n\n    Up here the sun sings, but\n    He only shines there!\n    Ye haena nae wings, but\n    Come up on a prayer.\n\n_The man sings:_\n\n    Ye wee daurin cratur,\n    Ye rant and ye sing\n    Like an oye o' auld Natur\n    Ta'en hame by the king!\n\n    Ye wee feathert priestie,\n    Yer bells i' yer thro't,\n    Yer altar yer breistie,\n    Yer mitre forgot--\n\n    Offerin and Aaron,\n    Ye burn hert and brain;\n    And dertin and daurin,\n    Flee back to yer ain!\n\n    Ye wee minor prophet,\n    It's 'maist my belief\n    'At I'm doon in Tophet,\n    And you abune grief!\n\n    Ye've deavt me and daudit\n    And ca'd me a fule:\n    I'm nearhan' persuaudit\n    To gang to your schule!\n\n    For, birdie, I'm thinkin\n    Ye ken mair nor me--\n    Gien ye haena been drinkin,\n    And sing as ye see.\n\n    Ye maun hae a sicht 'at\n    Sees gay and far ben,\n    And a hert, for the micht o' 't,\n    Wad sair for nine men!\n\nThere's somebody's been til\nRoun saft to ye wha\nSaid birdies are seen til,\nAnd e'en whan they fa'!\n\n\n\n_GODLY BALLANTS_.\n\nI.--THIS SIDE AN' THAT.\n\nThe rich man sat in his father's seat--\n  Purple an' linen, an' a'thing fine!\nThe puir man lay at his yett i' the street--\n  Sairs an' tatters, an' weary pine!\n\nTo the rich man's table ilk dainty comes,\n  Mony a morsel gaed frae't, or fell;\nThe puir man fain wud hae dined on the crumbs,\n  But whether he got them I canna tell.\n\nServants prood, saft-fittit, an' stoot,\n  Stan by the rich man's curtained doors;\nMaisterless dogs 'at rin aboot\n  Cam to the puir man an' lickit his sores.\n\nThe rich man deeit, an' they buried him gran',\n  In linen fine his body they wrap;\nBut the angels tuik up the beggar man,\n  An' layit him doun in Abraham's lap.\n\nThe guid upo' this side, the ill upo' that--\n  Sic was the rich man's waesome fa'!\nBut his brithers they eat, an' they drink, an' they chat,\n  An' carena a strae for their Father's ha'!\n\nThe trowth's the trowth, think what ye will;\n  An' some they kenna what they wad be at;\nBut the beggar man thoucht he did no that ill,\n  Wi' the dogs o' this side, the angels o' that!\n\nII.--THE TWA BAUBEES.\n\nStately, lang-robit, an' steppin at ease,\n  The rich men gaed up the temple ha';\nHasty, an' grippin her twa baubees,\nThe widow cam efter, booit an' sma'.\n\nTheir goud rang lood as it fell, an' lay\n  Yallow an' glintin, bonnie an' braw;\nBut the fowk roun the Maister h'ard him say\n  The puir body's baubees was mair nor it a'.\n\nIII.--WHA'S MY NEIBOUR?\n\nDoon frae Jerus'lem a traveller took\n  The laigh road to Jericho;\nIt had an ill name an' mony a crook,\n  It was lang an' unco how.\n\nOot cam the robbers, an' fell o' the man,\n  An' knockit him o' the heid,\nTook a' whauron they couth lay their han',\n  An' left him nakit for deid.\n\nBy cam a minister o' the kirk:\n  \"A sair mishanter!\" he cried;\n\"Wha kens whaur the villains may lirk!\n  I s' haud to the ither side!\"\n\nBy cam an elder o' the kirk;\n  Like a young horse he shied:\n\"Fie! here's a bonnie mornin's wark!\"\n  An' he spangt to the ither side.\n\nBy cam ane gaed to the wrang kirk;\n  Douce he trottit alang.\n\"Puir body!\" he cried, an' wi' a yerk\n  Aff o' his cuddy he sprang.\n\nHe ran to the body, an' turnt it ower:\n  \"There's life i' the man!\" he cried.\n_He_ wasna ane to stan an' glower,\n  Nor hand to the ither side!\n\nHe doctort his oons, an' heised him then\n  To the back o' the beastie douce;\nAn' he heild him on till, twa weary men,\n  They wan to the half-way hoose.\n\nHe ten'd him a' nicht, an' o' the morn did say,\n  \"Lan'lord, latna him lack;\nHere's auchteen pence!--an' ony mair ootlay\n  I'll sattle 't as I come back.\"\n\nSae tak til ye, neibours; read aricht the word;\n  It's a portion o' God's ain spell!\n\"Wha is my neibour?\" speirna the Lord,\n  But, \"Am I a neibour?\" yersel.\n\nIV.--HIM WI' THE BAG.\n\nAnce was a woman wha's hert was gret;\n  Her love was sae dumb it was 'maist a grief;\nShe brak the box--it's tellt o' her yet--\n  The bonny box for her hert's relief.\n\nAne was there wha's tale's but brief,\n  Yet was ower lang, the gait he cawed;\nHe luikit a man, and was but a thief,\n  Michty the gear to grip and hand.\n\n\"What guid,\" he cried, \"sic a boxfu to blaud?\n  Wilfu waste I couth never beir!\nIt micht hae been sellt for ten poun, I wad--\n  Sellt for ten poun, and gien to the puir!\"\n\nSavin he was, but for love o' the gear;\n  Carefu he was, but a' for himsel;\nHe carried the bag to his hert sae near\n  What fell i' the ane i' the ither fell.\n\nAnd the strings o' his hert hingit doun to hell,\n  They war pu'd sae ticht aboot the mou;\nAnd hence it comes that I hae to tell\n  The warst ill tale that ever was true.\n\nThe hert that's greedy maun mischief brew,\n  And the deils pu'd the strings doon yon'er in hell;\nAnd he sauld, or the agein mune was new,\n  For thirty shillins the Maister himsel!\n\nGear i' the hert it's a canker fell:\n  Brithers, latna the siller ben!\nTroth, gien ye du, I warn ye ye'll sell\n  The verra Maister or ever ye ken!\n\nV.--THE COORSE CRATUR.\n\n  The Lord gaed wi' a crood o' men\n    Throu Jericho the bonny;\n  'Twas ill the Son o' Man to ken\n    Mang sons o' men sae mony:\n\n  The wee bit son o' man Zacchay\n    To see the Maister seekit;\n  He speilt a fig-tree, bauld an' shy,\n    An' sae his shortness ekit.\n\n  But as he thoucht to see his back,\n    Roun turnt the haill face til 'im,\n  Up luikit straucht, an' til 'im spak--\n    His hert gaed like to kill 'im.\n\n  \"Come doun, Zacchay; bestir yersel;\n    This nicht I want a lodgin.\"\n  Like a ripe aipple 'maist he fell,\n    Nor needit ony nudgin.\n\n  But up amang the unco guid\n    There rase a murmurin won'er:\n  \"This is a deemis want o' heed,\n    The man's a special sinner!\"\n\n  Up spak Zacchay, his hert ableeze:\n    \"Half mine, the puir, Lord, hae it;\n  Gien oucht I've taen by ony lees,\n    Fourfauld again I pay it!\"\n\n  Then Jesus said, \"This is a man!\n    His hoose I'm here to save it;\n  He's are o' Abraham's ain clan,\n    An' siclike has behavit!\n\n  I cam the lost to seek an' win.\"--\n    Zacchay was are he wantit:\n  To ony man that left his sin\n    His grace he never scantit.\n\n\n\n_THE DEIL'S FORHOOIT HIS AIN_.\n\n        _The Deil's forhooit his ain, his ain!\n          The Deil's forhooit his ain!\n        His bairns are greitin in ilka neuk,\n          For the Deil's forhooit his ain._\n\nThe Deil he tuik his stick and his hat,\n  And his yallow gluves on he drew:\n\"The coal's sae dear, and the preachin sae flat.\n  And I canna be aye wi' you!\"\n\n        _The Deil's, &c._\n\n\"But I'll gie ye my blessin afore I gang,\n  Wi' jist ae word o' advice;\nAnd gien onything efter that gaes wrang\n  It'll be yer ain wull and ch'ice!\n\n\"Noo hark: There's diseases gaein aboot,\n  Whiles are, and whiles a' thegither!\nAne's ca'd Repentance--haith, hand it oot!\n   It comes wi' a change o' weather.\n\n\"For that, see aye 'at ye're gude at the spune\n  And tak yer fair share o' the drink;\nGien ye dinna, I wadna won'er but sune\n  Ye micht 'maist begin to think!\n\n\"Neist, luik efter yer liver; that's the place\n  Whaur Conscience gars ye fin'!\nSome fowk has mair o' 't, and some has less--\n  It comes o' breedin in.\n\n\"But there's waur nor diseases gaein aboot,\n  There's a heap o' fair-spoken lees;\nAnd there's naething i' natur, in or oot,\n  'At waur with the health agrees.\n\n\"There's what they ca' Faith, 'at wad aye be fain;\n  And Houp that glowers, and tynes a';\nAnd Love, that never yet faund its ain,\n  But aye turnt its face to the wa'.\n\n\"And Trouth--the sough o' a sickly win';\n  And Richt--what needna be;\nAnd Beauty--nae deeper nor the skin;\n  And Blude--that's naething but bree.\n\n\"But there's ae gran' doctor for a' and mair--\n  For diseases and lees in a breath:--\nMy bairns, I lea' ye wi'oot a care\n  To yer best freen, Doctor Death.\n\n\"He'll no distress ye: as quaiet's a cat\n  He grips ye, and a'thing's ower;\nThere's naething mair 'at ye wad be at,\n  There's never a sweet nor sour!\n\n\"They ca' 't a sleep, but it's better bliss,\n  For ye wauken up no more;\nThey ca' 't a mansion--and sae it is,\n  And the coffin-lid's the door!\n\n\"Jist ae word mair---and it's _verbum sat_--\n  I hae preacht it mony's the year:\nWhaur there's naething ava to be frictit at\n  There's naething ava to fear.\n\n\"I dinna say 'at there isna a hell--\n  To lee wad be a disgrace!\nI bide there whan I'm at hame mysel,\n  And it's no sic a byous ill place!\n\n\"Ye see yon blue thing they ca' the lift?\n  It's but hell turnt upside doun,\nA whummilt bossie, whiles fou o' drift,\n  And whiles o' a rumlin soun!\n\n\"Lat auld wives tell their tales i' the reek,\n  Men hae to du wi' fac's:\nThere's naebody there to watch, and keek\n  Intil yer wee mistaks.\n\n\"But nor ben there's naebody there\n  Frae the yird to the farthest spark;\nYe'll rub the knees o' yer breeks to the bare\n  Afore ye'll pray ye a sark!\n\n\"Sae fare ye weel, my bonny men,\n  And weel may ye thrive and the!\nGien I dinna see ye some time again\n  It'll be 'at ye're no to see.\"\n\nHe cockit his hat ower ane o' his cheeks,\n  And awa wi' a halt and a spang--\nFor his tail was doun ae leg o' his breeks,\n  And his butes war a half ower lang.\n\n          _The Deil's forhooit his ain, his ain!\n            The Deil's forhooit his ain!\n          His bairns are greitin in ilka neuk,\n            For the Deil's forhooit his ain._\n\n\n\n_THE AULD FISHER_.\n\nThere was an auld fisher, he sat by the wa',\n  An' luikit oot ower the sea;\nThe bairnies war playin, he smil't on them a',\n  But the tear stude in his e'e.\n\n      _An' it's--oh to win awa, awa!\n        An' it's, oh to win awa\nWhaur the bairns come hame, an' the wives they bide,\n        An' God is the father o' a'!_\n\nJocky an' Jeamy an' Tammy oot there\n  A' i' the boatie gaed doon;\nAn' I'm ower auld to fish ony mair,\n  Sae I hinna the chance to droon!\n\n    _An' it's--oh to win awa, awa! &c._\n\nAn' Jeannie she grat to ease her hert,\n  An' she easit hersel awa;\nBut I'm ower auld for the tears to stert,\n  An' sae the sighs maun blaw.\n\n    _An' it's--oh to win awa, awa! &c._\n\nLord, steer me hame whaur my Lord has steerit,\n  For I'm tired o' life's rockin sea;\nAn' dinna be lang, for I'm growin that fearit\n  'At I'm ablins ower auld to dee!\n\n      _An' it's--oh to win awa, awa!\n        An' it's, oh to win awa\nWhaur the bairns come hame, an' the wives they bide,\n        An' God is the father o' a'!_\n\n\n\n_THE HERD AND THE MAVIS_.\n\n\"What gars ye sing,\" said the herd-laddie,\n  \"What gars ye sing sae lood?\"\n\"To tice them oot o' the yerd, laddie,\n  The worms for my daily food.\"\n\n      _An' aye he sang, an' better he sang,\n        An' the worms creepit in an' oot;\n      An' ane he tuik, an' twa he loot gang,\n        An' still he carolled stoot._\n\n\"It's no for the worms, sir,\" said the herd;\n  \"They comena for your sang!\"\n\"Think ye sae, sir?\" answered the bird,\n  \"Maybe ye're no i' the wrang!\"\n\n      _But aye &c._\n\n\"Sing ye young Sorrow to beguile,\n  Or to gie auld Fear the flegs?\"\n\"Na,\" quo' the mavis, \"I sing to wile\n  My wee things oot o' her eggs.\"\n\n      _An' aye &c._\n\n\"The mistress is plenty for that same gear\n  Though ye sangna air nor late!\"\n\"I wud draw the deid frae the moul sae drear.\n  An' open the kirkyard-gate.\"\n\n      _An' aye &c._\n\n\"Better ye sing nor a burn i' the mune,\n  Nor a wave ower san' that flows,\nNor a win' wi' the glintin stars abune,\n  An' aneth the roses in rows;\n\n      _An' aye &c._\n\nBut a better sang it wud tak nor yer ain,\n  Though ye hae o' notes a feck,\nTo mak the auld Barebanes there sae fain\n  As to lift the muckle sneck!\n\n      _An' aye &c._\n\nAn' ye wudna draw ae bairnie back\n  Frae the arms o' the bonny man\nThough its minnie was greitin alas an' alack,\n  An' her cries to the bairnie wan!\n\n      _An' aye &c._\n\nAn' I'll speir ye nae mair, sir,\" said the herd,\n  \"I fear what ye micht say neist!\"\n\"I doobt ye wud won'er, sir,\" said the bird,\n  \"To see the thouchts i' my breist!\"\n\n      _An' aye he sang, an' better he sang,\n        An' the worms creepit in an' oot;\n      An' ane he tuik, an' twa he loot gang,\n        An' still he carolled stoot._\n\n\n\n_A LOWN NICHT_.\n\nRose o' my hert,\n  Open yer leaves to the lampin mune;\nInto the curls lat her keek an' dert,\n  She'll tak the colour but gie ye tune.\n\nBuik o' my brain,\n  Open yer faulds to the starry signs;\nLat the e'en o' the holy luik an' strain,\n  Lat them glimmer an' score atween the lines.\n\nCup o' my soul,\n  Goud an' diamond an' ruby cup,\nYe're noucht ava but a toom dry bowl\n  Till the wine o' the kingdom fill ye up.\n\nConscience-glass,\n  Mirror the en'less All in thee;\nMelt the boundered and make it pass\n  Into the tideless, shoreless sea.\n\nWarl o' my life,\n  Swing thee roun thy sunny track;\nFire an' win' an' water an' strife,\n  Carry them a' to the glory back.\n\n\n\n_THE HOME OF DEATH_.\n\n\"Death, whaur do ye bide, auld Death?\"\n\"I bide in ilka breath,\"\nQuo' Death;\n\"No i' the pyramids,\nNo whaur the wormie rids\n'Neth coffin-lids;\nI bidena whaur life has been,\nAn' whaur's nae mair to be dune.\"\n\n\"Death, whaur do ye bide, auld Death?\"\n\"Wi' the leevin, to dee 'at are laith,\"\nQuo' Death;\n\"Wi' the man an' the wife\n'At loo like life,\nBot strife;\nWi' the bairns 'at hing to their mither,\nWi' a' 'at loo ane anither.\"\n\n\"Death, whaur do ye bide, auld Death?\"\n\"Abune an' aboot an' aneth,\"\nQuo' Death;\n\"But o' a' the airts\nAn' o' a' the pairts,\nIn herts--\nWhan the tane to the tither says, Na,\nAn' the north win' begins to blaw.\"\n\n\n\n_TRIOLET_.\n\nI'm a puir man I grant,\nBut I am weel neiboured;\nAnd nane shall me daunt\nThough a puir man, I grant;\nFor I shall not want--\nThe Lord is my Shepherd!\nI'm a puir man I grant,\nBut I am weel neiboured!\n\n\n\n_WIN' THAT 'BLAWS_.\n\nWin' that blaws the simmer plaid\nOwer the hie hill's shoothers laid,\nGreen wi' gerse, an' reid wi' heather--\nWelcome wi' yer sowl-like weather!\nMony a win' there has been sent\nOot aneth the firmament--\nIlka ane its story has;\nIlka ane began an' was;\nIlka ane fell quaiet an' mute\nWhan its angel wark was oot:\nFirst gaed are oot throu the mirk\nWhan the maker gan to work;\nOwer it gaed an' ower the sea,\nAn' the warl begud to be.\nMony are has come an' gane\nSin' the time there was but ane:\nAne was grit an' strong, an' rent\nRocks an' muntains as it went\nAfore the Lord, his trumpeter,\nWaukin up the prophet's ear;\nAne was like a stepping soun\nI' the mulberry taps abune--\nThem the Lord's ain steps did swing,\nWalkin on afore his king;\nAne lay dune like scoldit pup\nAt his feet, an' gatna up--\nWhan the word the Maister spak\nDrave the wull-cat billows back;\nAne gaed frae his lips, an' dang\nTo the yird the sodger thrang;\nAne comes frae his hert to mine\nIlka day to mak it fine.\nBreath o' God, eh! come an' blaw\nFrae my hert ilk fog awa;\nWauk me up an' mak me strang,\nFill my hert wi' mony a sang,\nFrae my lips again to stert\nFillin sails o' mony a hert,\nBlawin them ower seas dividin\nTo the only place to bide in.\n\n\n\n_A SONG OF HOPE_.\n\nI dinna ken what's come ower me!\n  There's a how whaur ance was a hert!\nI never luik oot afore me,\n  An' a cry winna gar me stert;\nThere's naething nae mair to come ower me,\n  Blaw the win' frae ony airt!\n\nFor i' yon kirkyard there's a hillock,\n  A hert whaur ance was a how;\nAn' o' joy there's no left a mealock--\n  Deid aiss whaur ance was a low!\nFor i' yon kirkyard, i' the hillock,\n  Lies a seed 'at winna grow.\n\nIt's my hert 'at hauds up the wee hillie--\n  That's hoo there's a how i' my breist;\nIt's awa doon there wi' my Willie--\n  Gaed wi' him whan he was releast;\nIt's doon i' the green-grown hillie,\n  But I s' be efter it neist!\n\nCome awa, nicht an' mornin,\n  Come ooks, years, a' Time's clan:\nYe're welcome: I'm no a bit scornin!\n  Tak me til him as fest as ye can.\nCome awa, nicht an' mornin,\n  Ye are wings o' a michty span!\n\nFor I ken he's luikin an' waitin,\n  Luikin aye doon as I clim;\nAn' I'll no hae him see me sit greitin\n  I'stead o' gaein to him!\nI'll step oot like ane sure o' a meetin,\n  I'll travel an' rin to him.\n\n\n\n_THE BURNIE_.\n\nThe water ran doon frae the heich hope-heid,\n  _Wi' a Rin, burnie, rin_;\nIt wimpled, an' waggled, an' sang a screed\n  O' nonsense, an' wadna blin\n  _Wi' its Rin, burnie, rin_.\n\nFrae the hert o' the warl, wi' a swirl an' a sway,\n  _An' a Rin, burnie, rin_,\nThat water lap clear frae the dark til the day,\n  An' singin awa did spin,\n  _Wi' its Rin, burnie, rin_.\n\nAe wee bit mile frae the heich hope-heid\n  _Wi' its Rin, burnie, rin_,\nMang her yows an' her lammies the herd-lassie stude,\n  An' she loot a tear fa' in,\n  _Wi' a Rin, burnie, rin_.\n\nFrae the hert o' the maiden that tear-drap rase\n  _Wi' a Rin, burnie, rin_;\nWear'ly clim'in up weary ways\n  There was but a drap to fa' in,\n  Sae laith did that burnie rin.\n\nTwa wee bit miles frae the heich hope-heid\n  _Wi' its Rin, burnie, rin_,\nDoon creepit a cowerin streakie o' reid,\n  An' it meltit awa within\n  The burnie 'at aye did rin.\n\nFrae the hert o' a youth cam the tricklin reid,\n  _Wi' its Rin, burnie, rin_;\nIt ran an' ran till it left him deid,\n  An' syne it dried up i' the win':\n  That burnie nae mair did rin.\n\nWhan the wimplin burn that frae three herts gaed\n  _Wi' a Rin, burnie, rin_,\nCam to the lip o' the sea sae braid,\n  It curled an' groued wi' pain o' sin--\n  But it tuik that burnie in.\n\n\n\n_HAME_.\n\nThe warl it's dottit wi' hames\n  As thick as gowans o' the green,\nAye bonnier ilk ane nor the lave\n  To him wha there opent his een.\n\nAn' mony an' bonny's the hame\n  That lies neth auld Scotlan's crests,\nHer hills an' her mountains they are the sides\n  O' a muckle nest o' nests.\n\nHis lies i' the dip o' a muir\n  Wi' a twa three elder trees,\nA lanely cot wi' a sough o' win',\n  An' a simmer bum o' bees;\n\nAn' mine in a bloomin strath,\n  Wi' a river rowin by,\nWi' the green corn glintin i' the sun,\n  An' a lowin o' the kye;\n\nAn' yours whaur the chimleys auld\n  Stan up i' the gloamin pale\nWi' the line o' a gran' sierra drawn\n  On the lift as sharp's wi' a nail.\n\nBut whether by ingle-neuk\n  On a creepie ye sookit yer thumb,\nDreamin, an' watchin the blue peat-reek\n  Wamle oot up the muckle lum,\n\nOr yer wee feet sank i' the fur\n  Afore a bleezin hearth,\nWi' the curtains drawn, shuttin oot the toon--\n  Aberdeen, Auld Reekie, or Perth,\n\nIt's a naething, nor here nor there;\n  Leal Scots are a'ane thegither!\nIlk ane has a hame, an' it's a' the same\n  Whether in clover or heather!\n\nAn' the hert aye turns to the hame--\n  That's whaur oor ain folk wons;\nAn' gien hame binna hame, the hert bauds ayont\n  Abune the stars an' the suns.\n\nFor o' a' the hames there's a hame\n  Herty an' warm an' wide,\nWhaur a' that maks hame ower the big roun earth\n  Gangs til its hame to bide.\n\n\n\n_THE SANG O' THE AULD FOWK._\n\nDoon cam the sunbeams, and up gaed the stour,\nAs we spangt ower the road at ten mile the hoor,\nThe horse wasna timmer, the cart wasna strae,\nAnd little cared we for the burn or the brae.\n\nWe war young, and the hert in's was strang i' the loup,\nAnd deeper in yet was the courage and houp;\nThe sun was gey aft in a clood, but the heat\nCam throu, and dried saftly the doon fa'en weet.\n\nNoo, the horsie's some tired, but the road's nae sae lang;\nThe sun comes na oot, but he's no in a fang:\nThe nicht's comin on, but hame's no far awa;\nWe hae come a far road, but hae payit for a'.\n\nFor ane has been wi' us--and sometimes 'maist seen,\nWha's cared for us better nor a' oor four e'en;\nHe's cared for the horsie, the man, and the wife,\nAnd we're gaein hame to him for the rest o' oor life.\n\nDoon comes the water, and up gangs nae stour;\nWe creep ower the road at twa mile the hoor;\nBut oor herts they are canty, for ane's to the fore\nWha was and wha is and will be evermore.\n\n\n\n_THE AULD MAN'S PRAYER_\n\nLord, I'm an auld man,\n  An' I'm deein!\nAn' do what I can\n  I canna help bein\nSome feart at the thoucht!\nI'm no what I oucht!\nAn' thou art sae gran',\nMe but an auld man!\n\nI haena gotten muckle\n  Guid o' the warld;\nThough siller a puckle\n  Thegither I hae harlt,\nNoo I maun be rid o' 't,\nThe ill an' the guid o' 't!\nAn' I wud--I s' no back frae 't--\nRather put til 't nor tak frae 't!\n\nIt's a pity a body\n  Coudna haud on here,\nPuttin cloddy to cloddy\n  Till he had a bit lan' here!--\nBut eh I'm forgettin\nWhaur the tide's settin!\nIt'll pusion my prayer\nTill it's no worth a hair!\n\nIt's awfu, it's awfu\n  To think 'at I'm gaein\nWhaur a' 's ower wi' the lawfu,\n  Whaur's an en' til a' haein!\nIt's gruesome to en'\nThe thing 'at ye ken,\nAn' gang to begin til\nWhat ye canna see intil!\n\nThou may weel turn awa,\n  Lord, an' say it's a shame\n'At noo I suld ca'\n  On thy licht-giein name\nWha my lang life-time\nWud no see a stime!\nAn' the fac' there's no fleein--\nBut hae pity--I'm deein!\n\nI'm thine ain efter a'--\n  The waur shame I'm nae better!\nDinna sen' me awa,\n  Dinna curse a puir cratur!\nI never jist cheatit--\nI own I defeatit,\nGart his poverty tell\nOn him 'at maun sell!\n\nOh that my probation\n  Had lain i' some region\nWhaur was less consideration\n  For gear mixt wi' religion!\nIt's the mixin the twa\n'At jist ruins a'!\nThat kirk's the deil's place\nWhaur gear glorifees grace!\n\nI hae learnt nought but ae thing\n  'At life's but a span!\nI hae warslet for naething!\n  I hae noucht i' my han'!\nAt the fut o' the stairs\nI'm sayin my prayers:--\nLord, lat the auld loon\nConfess an' lie doon.\n\nI hae been an ill man--\n  Micht hae made a guid dog!\nI could rin though no stan--\n  Micht hae won throu a bog!\nBut 't was ower easy gaein,\nAn' I set me to playin!\nDinna sen' me awa\nWhaur's no licht ava!\n\nForgie me an' hap me!\n  I hae been a sharp thorn.\nBut, oh, dinna drap me!\n  I'll be coothie the morn!\nTo my brither John\nOh, lat me atone--\nAn' to mair I cud name\nGien I'd time to tak blame!\n\nI hae wullt a' my gear\n  To my cousin Lippit:\nShe needs 't no a hair,\n  An' wud haud it grippit!\nBut I'm thinkin 't 'll be better\nTo gie 't a bit scatter\nWhaur it winna canker\nBut mak a bit anchor!\n\nNoo I s'try to sit loose\n  To the warld an' its thrang!\nLord, come intil my hoose,\n  For Sathan sall gang!\nAwa here I sen' him--\nOh, haud the hoose agane him,\nOr thou kens what he'll daur--\nHe'll be back wi' seven waur!\n\nLord, I knock at thy yett!\n  I hear the dog yowlin!\nLang latna me wait--\n  My conscience is growlin!\nWhaur but to thee\nWha was broken for me,\nBut to thee, Lord, sae gran',\nCan flee an auld man!\n\n\n\n_GRANNY CANTY._\n\n\"What maks ye sae canty, granny dear?\nHas some kin' body been for ye to speir?\nYe luik as smilin an' fain an' willin\nAs gien ye had fun a bonny shillin!\"\n\n\"Ye think I luik canty, my bonny man,\nSittin watchin the last o' the sun sae gran'?\nWeel, an' I'm thinkin ye're no that wrang,\nFor 'deed i' my hert there's a wordless sang!\n\n\"Ken ye the meanin o' _canty_, my dow?\nIt's bein i' the humour o' singin, I trow!\nAn' though nae sang ever crosses my lips\nI'm aye like to sing whan anither sun dips.\n\n\"For the time, wee laddie, the time grows lang\nSin' I saw the man wha's sicht was my sang--\nYer gran'father, that's--an' the sun's last glim\nSays aye to me, 'Lass, ye're a mile nearer him!\n\n\"For he's hame afore me, an' lang's the road!\nHe fain at my side wud hae timed his plod,\nBut, eh, he was sent for, an' hurried awa!\nNoo, I'm thinkin he's harkin to hear my fit-fa'.\"\n\n\"But, grannie, yer face is sae lirkit an' thin,\nWi' a doun-luikin nose an' an up-luikin chin,\nAn' a mou clumpit up oot o' sicht atween,\nLike the witherin half o' an auld weary mune!\"\n\n\"Hoot, laddie, ye needna glower yersel blin'!\nThe body 'at loos, sees far throu the skin;\nAn', believe me or no, the hoor's comin amain\nWhan ugly auld fowk 'ill be bonny again.\n\n\"For there is _ane_--an' it's no my dear man,\nThough I loo him as nane but a wife's hert can--\nThe joy o' beholdin wha's gran' lovely face\nTil mak me like him in a' 'at's ca'd grace.\n\n\"But what I am like I carena a strae\nSae lang as I'm _his_, an' what _he_ wud hae!\nBe ye a guid man, John, an' ae day ye'll ken\nWhat maks granny canty yont four score an' ten.\"\n\n\n\n_TIME_.\n\nA lang-backit, spilgie, fuistit auld carl\nGangs a' nicht rakin athort the warl\nWi' a pock on his back, luikin hungry an' lean,\nHis crook-fingert han' aye followin his e'en:\nHe gathers up a'thing that canna but fa'--\nIntil his bag wi' 't, an' on, an' awa!\nSoot an' snaw! soot an' snaw!--\nIntil his bag wi' 't, an' on, an' awa!\n\nBut whan he comes to the wa' o' the warl,\nSpangs up it, like lang-leggit spidder, the carl;\nUp gangs his pock wi' him, humpit ahin,\nFor naething fa's oot 'at ance he pat in;\nSyne he warstles doon ootside the flamin wa',\nHis bag 'maist the deith o' him, pangt like a ba';\nSoot an' snaw! soot an' snaw!\nHis bag 'maist throttlin him, pangt like a ba'!\n\nDoon he draps weary upon a laigh rock,\nFlingin aside him his muckle-mou'd pock:\nAn' there he sits, his heid in his han',\nLike a broken-hertit, despairin man;\nHim air his pock no bonny, na, na!\nHim an' his pock an ugsome twa!\nSoot an' snaw! soot an' snaw!\nHim an' his pock an ugsome twa!\n\nBut sune 's the first ray o' the sunshine bare\nLichts on the carl, what see ye there?\nAn angel set on eternity's brink,\nWi' e'en to gar the sun himsel blink;\nBy his side a glintin, glimmerin urn,\nFurth frae wha's mou rins a liltin burn:--\nSoot an' snaw! soot an' snaw!\nThe dirt o' the warl rins in glory awa!\n\n\n\n_WHAT THE AULD FOWK ARE THINKIN_.\n\nThe bairns i' their beds, worn oot wi' nae wark,\n  Are sleepin, nor ever an eelid winkin;\nThe auld fowk lie still wi' their een starin stark,\n  An' the mirk pang-fou o' the things they are thinkin.\n\nWhan oot o' ilk corner the bairnies they keek,\n  Lauchin an' daffin, airms loosin an' linkin,\nThe auld fowk they watch frae the warm ingle-cheek,\n  But the bairns little think what the auld fowk are thinkin.\n\nWhan the auld fowk sit quaiet at the reet o' a stook,\n  I' the sunlicht their washt een blinterin an' blinkin,\nFowk scythin, or bin'in, or shearin wi' heuk\n  Carena a strae what the auld fowk are thinkin.\n\nAt the kirk, whan the minister's dreich an' dry,\n  His fardens as gien they war gowd guineas chinkin,\nAn' the young fowk are noddin, or fidgetin sly,\n  Naebody kens what the auld fowk are thinkin.\n\nWhan the young fowk are greitin aboot the bed\n  Whaur like water throu san' the auld life is sinkin,\nAn' some wud say the last word was said,\n  The auld fowk smile, an' ken what they're thinkin.\n\n\n\n_GREITNA, FATHER_.\n\nGreitna, father, that I'm gauin,\n  For fu' well ye ken the gaet;\nI' the winter, corn ye're sawin,\n  I' the hairst again ye hae't.\n\nI'm gauin hame to see my mither;\n  She'll be weel acquant or this!\nSair we'll muse at ane anither\n  'Tween the auld word an' new kiss!\n\nLove I'm doobtin may be scanty\n  Roun ye efter I'm awa:\nYon kirkyard has happin plenty\n  Close aside me, green an' braw!\n\nAn' abune there's room for mony;\n  'Twasna made for ane or twa,\nBut was aye for a' an' ony\n  Countin love the best ava.\n\nThere nane less ye'll be my father;\n  Auld names we'll nor tyne nor spare!\nA' my sonship I maun gather\n  For the Son is king up there.\n\nGreitna, father, that I'm gauin,\n  For ye ken fu' well the gaet!\nHere, in winter, cast yer sawin,\n  There, in hairst, again ye hae't!\n\n\n\n_I KEN SOMETHING._\n\nWhat gars ye sing sae, birdie,\n  As gien ye war lord o' the lift?\nOn breid ye're an unco sma' lairdie,\n  But in hicht ye've a kingly gift!\n\nA' ye hae to coont yersel rich in\n  'S a wee mawn o' glory-motes!\nThe whilk to the throne ye're aye hitchin\n  Wi a lang tow o' sapphire notes!\n\nAy, yer sang's the sang o' an angel\n  For a sinfu' thrapple no meet,\nLike the pipes til a heavenly braingel\n  Whaur they dance their herts intil their feet!\n\nBut though ye canna behaud, birdie,\n  Ye needna gar a'thing wheesht!\nI'm noucht but a hirplin herdie,\n  But I hae a sang i' my breist!\n\nLen' me yer throat to sing throu,\n  Len' me yer wings to gang hie,\nAnd I'll sing ye a sang a laverock to cow,\n  And for bliss to gar him dee!\n\n\n\n_MIRLS_.\n\nThe stars are steady abune;\n  I' the water they flichter and flee;\nBut, steady aye, luikin doon\n  They ken theirsels i' the sea.\n\nA' licht, and clear, and free,\n  God, thou shinest abune;\nYet luik, and see thysel in me,\n  Aye on me luikin doon.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nThrou the heather an' how gaed the creepin thing,\nBut abune was the waff o' an angel's wing.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nHither an' thither, here an' awa,\nInto the dub ye maunna fa';\nOot o' the dub wad ye come wi' speed,\nYe maun lift yer han's abune yer heid.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nWhaur's nor sun nor mune,\nLaigh things come abune.\n\n       *       *       *       *       *\n\nMy thouchts are like worms in a starless gloamin\n  My hert's like a sponge that's fillit wi' gall;\nMy soul's like a bodiless ghaist sent a roamin\n  I' the haar an' the mirk till the trumpet call.\n\nLord, turn ilk worm til a butterflee,\n  Wring oot my hert, an' fill 't frae thy ain;\nMy soul syne in patience its weird will dree,\n  An' luik for the mornin throu the rain.\n\n\nTHE END.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEnd of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Poetical Works of George MacDonald,\nVol. 2, by George MacDonald\n\n*** ","meta":{"redpajama_set_name":"RedPajamaBook"}}
+{"text":"\n\nA QUITE INTERESTING BOOK\n\n# 1,342 QI FACTS\n\nTO LEAVE YOU FLABBERGASTED\n\nCompiled by  \nJohn Lloyd, John Mitchinson,  \nJames Harkin & Anne Miller\n\nwith the QI Elves  \nAlex Bell, Mandy Fenton, Andrew Hunter Murray,  \nAnna Ptaszynski & Dan Schreiber\n\n# Contents\n\n  1. Title Page\n  2. Epigraph\n  3. Read This First \n  4. 1,342 Facts \n  5. About the Authors \n  6. Also by the Authors \n  7. Copyright\n\n_The truth is more important than the facts._\n\nFRANK LLOYD WRIGHT (1867\u20131959)\n\n# Read This First\n\nThis may _look_ like a book, but it's actually a _portal_.\n\nWhile you can read the whole thing in a couple of hours, each little nugget is just the visible tip of an information iceberg.\n\nSo, if you doubt any of the facts, or would like to know more, go online to:\n\nqi.com\/1342\n\nIn the search box, enter the _page number_ of the fact that interests you. Here you'll find our main source for each fact laid out in a mirror image, as shown overleaf.\n\nClick on the link (or check out the print source) to get the full explanation and all the background details.\n\nTo our surprise, we've found this feature is of particular value to teachers, who can start each lesson with a QI fact related to what they have to say.\n\nWhen asked 'Why?', the teacher (having read the source material) can confidently say: 'I'll tell you exactly why...'\n\nBut you don't need to be a teacher to do this \u2013 you can educate yourself.\n\nIt's what the four of us have been doing every working day these last few years.\n\nWe hope you'll be as flabbergasted as we were.\n\nJOHN LLOYD, JOHN MITCHINSON,  \nJAMES HARKIN & ANNE MILLER\n\n# 1,342 Facts\n\nThe most distant\n\nobject in the universe is\n\n13.42 billion light years away.\n\nTo get to the nearest star\n\nat a tenth of the speed of light\n\nwould take 42 years and need\n\nfuel weighing as much\n\nas the Sun.\n\nThe Sun gets\n\n4 million tons lighter\n\nevery second.\n\nTen-trillionths of\n\nyour suntan comes\n\nfrom stars in galaxies\n\nbeyond the Milky Way.\n\n* * *\n\nFor a billion years,\n\nthe only life on Earth was a kind of slime.\n\nScientists call this period\n\n'the boring billion'.\n\nScientists alive today\n\noutnumber all the scientists\n\nwho ever lived\n\nup to 1980.\n\nScientists\n\nwatching paint dry\n\nin Surrey and Lyon in 2016\n\nsaid the results were\n\n'exciting'.\n\nTo avoid exciting men,\n\nearly bicycles for women\n\nhad a 'cherry screen' to\n\nhide their ankles.\n\n* * *\n\nNo one knows\n\nwhy bicycles\n\nstay upright.\n\nNo one knows\n\nhow much money\n\nis in circulation.\n\nEconomists\n\ncan't explain\n\nboom or bust.\n\nNo one knows\n\nwhy scientists don't\n\nhave tails.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first scientifically named\n\ndinosaur bone was called _Scrotum humanum_\n\nbecause it looked like a giant pair\n\nof human testicles.\n\nThe remains of\n\na dinosaur named\n\n_Aachenosaurus multidens_\n\nturned out to be lumps\n\nof petrified wood.\n\nVelociraptors\n\nwere no bigger\n\nthan turkeys.\n\nDinosaurs didn't roar;\n\nthey mumbled\n\nor cooed.\n\n* * *\n\nSabre-toothed tigers\n\nnever existed.\n\nNeanderthals are\n\nshown as slouching because\n\nthe first one to be reconstructed\n\nhappened to have arthritis.\n\nThe first Neanderthal skull\n\ndiscovered was thought to belong\n\nto a Cossack with rickets,\n\nthe pain of which had\n\nfurrowed his brow.\n\nIn 2015, Spanish workers\n\ndestroyed a 6,000-year-old Neolithic tomb,\n\nmistaking it for a broken picnic table.\n\nThey replaced it with a 'better'\n\npicnic table.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen spun on a table,\n\na US 'Lincoln Memorial' one-cent coin\n\nwill land on tails\n\n80% of the time.\n\nThe surface area of a cat,\n\nincluding each hair of its fur,\n\nis 100 times that of its skin\n\nand is enough to cover a\n\nping-pong table.\n\nPing-pong balls\n\nhave been made larger to\n\nmake the sport better\n\nfor television.\n\nAfter _EastEnders_ ,\n\nso many kettles are turned on\n\nthat Britain has to borrow\n\npower from France.\n\n* * *\n\nIn France,\n\nGermany, Austria, Spain and\n\nthe Netherlands they serve\n\nbeer in McDonald's.\n\nMcNuggets come\n\nin four official shapes:\n\nbell, bone, boot\n\nand ball.\n\nSlit-faced bats are the\n\nonly mammals in the world\n\nwith a T-shaped tail.\n\nBatman flies\n\nthrough the air so fast\n\nthat landing would\n\nprobably kill him.\n\n* * *\n\nA 'batman' was a unit of weight\n\nin the Ottoman Empire.\n\nBen Affleck weighs\n\nabout nine\n\nbatmans.\n\nIn the _X-Men_ movies,\n\nthe sound of Wolverine's claws\n\nshooting out was made by\n\ntearing a turkey apart.\n\nIn the _Halloween_ movies,\n\nJason the killer wears a\n\nCaptain Kirk mask,\n\nsprayed white.\n\nIn _The Empire Strikes Back,_\n\nthe emperor had a man's voice,\n\na woman's face and a\n\nchimpanzee's eyes.\n\n* * *\n\nIn _Raiders of the Lost Ark,_\n\nthe sound of the boulder that\n\nchased Indiana Jones was made\n\nby rolling a car down\n\na gravel road.\n\nIf every car in Monaco\n\ntook to the roads at the same time,\n\nthey wouldn't all fit on.\n\nIn 2009, the mayors\n\nof adjoining Parisian suburbs\n\ndeclared the same street as one-way,\n\nbut in different directions.\n\nThe bridge known as\n\nthe 'Gateway to Bolton' is\n\na one-way street leading\n\naway from Bolton.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1845, a bridge\n\ncollapsed in Great Yarmouth,\n\nkilling 79 people watching\n\na clown in a tub being\n\npulled by geese.\n\nMice\n\nsing like birds,\n\nbut humans can't\n\nhear them.\n\nThe Elizabethans treated warts\n\nby cutting a mouse in half\n\nand applying it to the\n\naffected part.\n\nGeorgian women\n\nworried about mice\n\ngetting into their\n\nwigs at night.\n\n* * *\n\nThe hair of\n\nTwiggy's waxwork\n\nat Madame Tussauds was\n\ndressed by Twiggy's\n\nhairdresser.\n\nA hairdresser in Madrid\n\ncuts hair using a samurai sword\n\nand a blowtorch.\n\nIn 1942,\n\nan Italian hairdresser called\n\n'the Phantom Barber of Pascagoula'\n\nbroke into people's houses\n\nand cut their hair.\n\nThe people most likely\n\nto suffer injuries at work\n\nare hairdressers.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Smithsonian Museum\n\nhas a framed collection of\n\nlocks of hair from the\n\nfirst 14 presidents.\n\nBenjamin Franklin\n\nhad a pulley system so he\n\ncould lock his bedroom door\n\nfrom his bed.\n\nThomas Jefferson\n\nkept a flock of geese\n\nto supply quills\n\nfor his pens.\n\nRonald Reagan\n\nwas a stand-up comedian\n\nfor two weeks.\n\n* * *\n\nThe US Senate has\n\nnever formally endorsed\n\nthe title 'President'.\n\nFranklin D. Roosevelt\n\nand Theodore Roosevelt\n\npronounced their surnames\n\ndifferently.\n\nBenjamin Franklin and John Adams\n\nonce shared a room and couldn't agree\n\nwhether to open or shut the window.\n\nFranklin won by arguing\n\nuntil Adams fell asleep.\n\nPaper towels\n\nin the White House\n\nare embossed with the\n\nPresidential Seal.\n\n* * *\n\nWasps\n\nwere making paper\n\nlong before humans existed.\n\n80% of the\n\n\u20ac500 notes in Spain are\n\nused for criminal\n\npurposes.\n\nTo carry\n\n$10 million in notes\n\nyou'd need a minimum of\n\nseven and a half\n\nbriefcases.\n\nFor a few months\n\nin 1993, Moldova's\n\nofficial currency was\n\nthe _cupon_.\n\n* * *\n\nThe word 'Czech'\n\nis Polish.\n\nThe Czech phrase\n\n_str\u010d prst skrz krk_ , meaning\n\n'thrust finger through neck',\n\ncontains no vowels.\n\nThere are more than\n\n100 words in Hawaiian\n\nconsisting entirely\n\nof vowels.\n\nIn ancient Hawaii,\n\nthe nuts of the _kukui_ tree\n\nwere threaded on a string and lit.\n\nEach nut burned in sequence\n\nto form an early version\n\nof chaser lighting.\n\n* * *\n\nAncient Romans\n\nthrew walnuts at\n\nthe bride.\n\nIt takes\n\nfive litres of water\n\nto grow a single\n\nalmond.\n\nBritain's share\n\nof the cost of funding the\n\nLarge Hadron Collider each year\n\nis the same amount of money\n\nas Britons spend\n\non peanuts.\n\nThe cost of the extra fuel needed\n\nto carry a bag of peanuts\n\non a plane for a year\n\nis \u00a31.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2015,\n\na Singapore Airlines freight plane\n\nmade an emergency landing after\n\nfarting sheep triggered\n\nthe smoke alarm.\n\nHarper Lee,\n\nauthor of _To Kill a Mockingbird,_\n\nwas an airline booking agent.\n\nWoody Allen\n\nwrites his film scripts\n\non a typewriter he bought\n\nin the 1950s.\n\nOn a QWERTY keyboard\n\na typist's fingers cover 20 miles a day;\n\non a Dvorak keyboard\n\nit's only one mile.\n\n* * *\n\nMaking all the chain mail\n\nfor _The Lord of the Rings_ wore\n\nthe costume designers'\n\nfingerprints away.\n\nThe chants\n\nof the orc army in\n\n_The Lord of the Rings_ were\n\nmade by a stadium full\n\nof New Zealand\n\ncricket fans.\n\nThe house where\n\nBilbo Baggins lived\n\nin _The Lord of the Rings_ is\n\nnow occupied by sheep.\n\nAlexander Graham Bell\n\ntried to breed sheep\n\nwith extra nipples.\n\n* * *\n\nThe longest\n\nhuman nipple hair was\n\n17 centimetres long.\n\nGene Roddenberry,\n\nthe creator of _Star Trek_ ,\n\nthought chest hair would\n\ncease to exist in the future.\n\nHippocrates\n\nused a mixture of\n\npigeon droppings, horseradish, cumin\n\nand beetroot to treat his hair loss,\n\nbut it only made the rest\n\nof his hair fall out.\n\nThe Maori\n\nfor 'scissors' is\n\n_kutikuti_.\n\n* * *\n\nIn Tanzania,\n\na roundabout is a\n\n_kipilefti_.\n\nThe 'van man'\n\nwas around before\n\nthe invention of the van:\n\nhe used to drive\n\nwagons.\n\nInvented in 1862,\n\nthe anti-garrotting cravat\n\nshot spikes into the hands\n\nof anyone attempting to\n\nstrangle the wearer.\n\nThe inventors\n\nof Silly String were\n\ntrying to make a spray-on cast\n\nfor broken bones.\n\n* * *\n\nEvery day,\n\nskateboarding accidents\n\nland 176 American children\n\nin A&E.\n\nAt one A&E\n\nin Papua New Guinea,\n\n1 in 40 patients have been hurt\n\nby a falling coconut.\n\nThe last person to be\n\nkilled by a single hailstone\n\nwas a pizza delivery man\n\nin Fort Worth, Texas.\n\nTo avoid being hit\n\nby space junk in 2014\n\nthe International Space Station (ISS)\n\nhad to change orbit three times.\n\n* * *\n\nThe wake-up call\n\non the Mir space station\n\nmade the same sound as the\n\nemergency alarm.\n\nNASA's tallest astronaut\n\nexceeded their maximum height limit\n\nbecause he grew taller in space.\n\nIn space,\n\nyou can relieve a headache\n\nby urinating.\n\nWhen the waste disposal failed on\n\nthe space shuttle _Discovery_ ,\n\nit developed a giant\n\nurine icicle.\n\n* * *\n\nBecause their faeces glow in the dark,\n\nlemmings always defecate\n\nunderground.\n\n10% of British train toilets\n\nflush directly onto\n\nthe tracks.\n\nBefore trains had corridors,\n\nticket inspectors had to clamber along\n\nthe outside of the carriage.\n\nMore than 20% of people\n\ncommuting by train to London\n\nhave to stand all the way.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the 40 minutes\n\nit takes the average commuter\n\nin the world to get to work,\n\nthe ISS travels the distance\n\nfrom London to Australia.\n\nIn the time it takes to\n\nlisten to The Proclaimers'\n\n'I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)',\n\nthe ISS travels 500 miles,\n\nthen 500 more.\n\nNews of the Battle of Trafalgar\n\ntravelled the 1,100 miles\n\nto London in 17 days.\n\nIn the 17th century,\n\nChristmas turkeys walked from\n\nEast Anglia to London\n\nin three months.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Gombe War (1974\u20138)\n\nwas fought in Tanzania between\n\ntwo communities of\n\nchimpanzees.\n\nIn 1928,\n\nthe US, the UK and Germany\n\nsigned a treaty to\n\nend all war.\n\nIn the Second World War,\n\nthe Allies used a 'ghost army'\n\nof inflatable tanks to\n\ntrick the Germans.\n\nStormtroopers from\n\n_Star Wars_ Lego sets\n\noutnumber the planet's\n\nreal soldiers by 50 to 1.\n\n* * *\n\nThe online encyclopaedia\n\ndedicated to Lego is called\n\n'Brickipedia'.\n\n_Echolalia_\n\nis the urge to imitate\n\nwhat someone has just said,\n\nin exactly the same voice.\n\nA beauty contest\n\nheld in Singapore in 1998\n\nawarded 60% of the marks for\n\nknowledge of the Internet.\n\nHundreds of victims of the\n\nGreat Singapore Penis Panic of 1967\n\nfeared their penises were shrinking away;\n\na dozen of the sufferers\n\nwere women.\n\n* * *\n\nMen looking at pictures\n\nof two men and a woman produce\n\nmore sperm than those looking\n\nat pictures of three women.\n\nFruit-fly sperm are\n\n20,000 times larger than\n\nporcupine sperm.\n\nThe _Pieza_ genus of fly\n\nhas species called _Pieza kake_ ,\n\n_Pieza pie, Pieza rhea_\n\nand _Pieza deresistans._\n\nReducing the price\n\nof a pizza in France\n\nfrom \u20ac8 to \u20ac7.99\n\nincreases sales\n\nby 15%.\n\nPizza sales\n\nshot up in Colorado\n\nafter the state legalised\n\nmarijuana.\n\nIn 1935,\n\nthe mayor of New York\n\nbanned the sale of artichokes\n\nto ruin a Mafia boss.\n\nIn 2010,\n\nthe Great Sprout Drought\n\nincreased the price per pound of\n\nBrussels sprouts in Britain\n\nalmost to that of turkey.\n\nThe oldest living turkey\n\nin Britain is called\n\nDinner.\n\n* * *\n\nAfter noticing that\n\nshe washed up bare-handed,\n\nMargaret Thatcher sent the Queen\n\nrubber gloves for Christmas.\n\nThe Queen's advisers\n\npersuaded her not to allow\n\nthe Loch Ness Monster to be named\n\n_Elizabethia nessiae_.\n\nThe Queen was keen to\n\naccept an offer to be president of\n\nthe George Formby Appreciation Society,\n\nbut her advisers deemed it\n\n'inappropriate'.\n\nThe Queen owns\n\na drive-thru McDonald's\n\nin Slough.\n\n* * *\n\nBecause\n\nChicken McNuggets\n\nare sold in sets of 6, 9 or 20,\n\nthe largest number\n\nyou _can't_ buy\n\nis 43.\n\nPeople who are\n\ngood at maths are\n\ntwice as likely to be\n\nsexually active\n\nin old age.\n\nYou eat more\n\nwhen your kitchen\n\nis messy.\n\nNearly half the seafood\n\nbought in the US is\n\nthrown away.\n\n* * *\n\nMore fish is eaten in China\n\nthan in the following\n\n10 countries\n\ncombined.\n\n56 species of fish\n\ncan be sold as 'snapper'\n\nin US restaurants.\n\n50 species of microbe\n\nlive inside your\n\nbelly button.\n\nThere are at least\n\nhalf a million species\n\nof nematode worm\n\nyet to be discovered.\n\n* * *\n\nA new fish\n\ndiscovered in Australia\n\nin 2015 was named\n\n'Blue Bastard'.\n\nThe largest land animal\n\nthat ever lived was\n\na dinosaur named\n\n_Dreadnoughtus_.\n\nAfter Barack Obama\n\nvisited Kenya in 2015,\n\ntwo women named their sons\n\nAir Force One.\n\nThe main street\n\nin the capital of Kosovo is called\n\nBill Clinton Boulevard.\n\n* * *\n\nBulgaria has\n\na special agency that\n\nfires anti-hail rockets\n\ninto the sky.\n\nFinland has\n\nthe highest density\n\nof metal bands in the world.\n\nThe unhappiest country\n\nin the world is\n\nBurundi.\n\nIndonesians are\n\nthe world's shortest\n\npeople.\n\n* * *\n\nPakistanis have\n\nthe world's gentlest\n\nhandshakes.\n\nThe US government spent $7 million\n\npromoting literacy in Pakistan\n\nwith an Urdu version of\n\n_Sesame Street._\n\nBig Bird,\n\nBert and Ernie are\n\nthe three highest-energy\n\nneutrinos.\n\nThe world's\n\nfirmest handshakes\n\nbelong to the\n\nSwedes.\n\n* * *\n\nThanks to\n\nthe Swedish Tourist Association,\n\nyou can speak to a random Swede\n\nat any time by calling\n\n+46 771\u2013793\u2013336.\n\nThe UN's official definition\n\nof a tourist is someone who stays\n\nin a country more than 24 hours\n\nbut less than six months.\n\nThe Longquan Buddhist temple in\n\nChina has a robotic monk called\n\nWorthy Stupid Robot Monk\n\ndesigned to talk to tourists.\n\nItems in English on menus in China\n\ninclude _Fried Swarm, The Smell of Urine_\n\n_Dry Noodles, Sauce on My Grandma_ and\n\n_The Hand that Grasps the Cowboy Bone._\n\n* * *\n\nLifts in Singapore are\n\nfitted with urine detectors;\n\nif triggered, the lift stops and\n\nthe police are called.\n\nYou are not allowed to\n\ntravel in a lift with\n\nliquid nitrogen.\n\nFear of lifts\n\ncan be overcome\n\nby eating all your\n\nmeals inside one.\n\n_Abibliophobia_ is\n\nthe fear of running out of\n\nsomething to read.\n\n* * *\n\n_Sciophobia_\n\nis the irrational fear\n\nof shadows.\n\nSteve Jobs\n\nwas scared of\n\nbuttons.\n\nMC Hammer\n\ndoesn't like\n\nhammers.\n\nThe Dalai Lama is\n\nfrightened of\n\ncaterpillars.\n\n* * *\n\nMasked birch caterpillars\n\nuse 'anal drumming'\n\nto find friends.\n\nPeople with more friends\n\nhave a higher tolerance\n\nfor pain.\n\nIn Japan,\n\nyou can rent\n\nfriends.\n\nHans Christian Andersen\n\nwrecked his friendship with\n\nCharles Dickens by staying\n\nwith him three weeks\n\nlonger than planned.\n\n* * *\n\nCharles Dickens's\n\nfather went into business\n\nwith Butch Cassidy's\n\ngreat-grandfather.\n\nThe detective agency\n\nthat caught Butch Cassidy\n\nalso worked for\n\nCoca-Cola.\n\nA can of Coke\n\nuses ingredients from\n\nall seven continents\n\nexcept Antarctica.\n\nBetween 2005 and 2011,\n\nthe number of visits to A&E in\n\nthe US caused by energy drinks\n\nincreased from under 2,000\n\nto over 20,000.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world's largest cruise ship\n\nhas a bar where all the\n\ndrinks are made\n\nby robots.\n\nThe teabag\n\nwas invented 2,000 years\n\nafter humans started\n\ndrinking tea.\n\n'Night starvation'\n\nwas a condition invented\n\nby Horlicks to sell\n\nmore Horlicks.\n\nPopcorn\n\nwas originally marketed as\n\n_Nonpareil_.\n\n* * *\n\nNoggin\n\nis a protein\n\nthat forms the skull.\n\nBacteria have\n\nthe smallest eyeballs\n\nin nature but the largest\n\nrelative to their size.\n\nBees know\n\nwhen it's going to rain,\n\nso they put in extra work\n\nthe day before.\n\n96% of people can\n\ntell the difference between\n\nthe sound of hot and cold water\n\nbeing poured.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Sandhill Rustic moth\n\ncan stay underwater\n\nfor an hour.\n\nSand wasps fly\n\nbackwards out of the nest\n\nto make sure they'll remember\n\nwhat the way home\n\nlooks like.\n\nSome spiders\n\ndisguise themselves as ants\n\nby pretending their\n\ntwo front legs are\n\nantennae.\n\nMale spider mites\n\nprefer their sexual partners\n\nto be dead.\n\n* * *\n\nResearch containing\n\nmathematical formulae is\n\ntaken more seriously even\n\nif the formulae are\n\nmeaningless.\n\n12 + 3 \u2013 4 + 5 + 67 + 8 + 9 = 100\n\n20% of British adults\n\nhave forgotten how to\n\ncalculate percentages.\n\n0111010001100101011001000110\n\n1001011011110111010101110011\n\nis the digitisation\n\nof the word\n\n'tedious'.\n\n* * *\n\nThe mathematician Kurt G\u00f6del\n\nlived on a diet of baby food,\n\nlaxatives and butter.\n\n'Nutter'\n\nis a type of butter\n\nmade from nuts.\n\nThe first commercial\n\nsuppositories were coated\n\nin cocoa butter.\n\nLamas in ancient Tibet\n\nwere boiled in butter before\n\nbeing embalmed.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Ewok language\n\nis a combination of\n\nTibetan and Nepali.\n\nThe British government\n\nadvises against travel to Tatooine,\n\nthe Tunisian town that inspired\n\nthe _Star Wars_ planet.\n\nThe actors\n\nwho played R2-D2 and C-3PO\n\nhated each other.\n\nTo build\n\na real Death Star would\n\ncost $850 million billion.\n\n* * *\n\nVenomous frogs\n\nkiss their predators\n\nto death.\n\nA single gram of poison\n\nfrom Bruno's casque-headed frog\n\nis enough to kill 80 people\n\nor 300,000 mice.\n\nA dead gecko\n\ncan stay stuck to the wall\n\nfor half an hour.\n\nIf an Etruscan shrew\n\ndoesn't eat for five hours,\n\nit starves to death.\n\n* * *\n\nElephant shrews, despite\n\nweighing only a few ounces,\n\nare more closely related\n\nto elephants than\n\nto shrews.\n\nElephants\n\nuse their trunks\n\nlike leaf blowers to\n\nmove food within reach.\n\nBaby elephants\n\nhave to be taught\n\nhow to use their trunks.\n\nThe last time elephants were\n\nused in battle was during\n\nthe Iran\u2013Iraq war,\n\nin 1987.\n\n* * *\n\nEach archer\n\nat the Battle of Agincourt\n\nhad three arrows in the air\n\nat any given moment.\n\nThe Battle of Bunker Hill\n\nin fact took place on\n\nBreed's Hill.\n\nThe Battle of Waterloo didn't\n\ntake place in the village of Waterloo\n\nbut in the nearby villages of\n\nBraine l'Alleud and\n\nPlancenoit.\n\nNapoleon\n\nhad such painful piles\n\nat the Battle of Waterloo that\n\nhe couldn't sit on his horse.\n\n* * *\n\nUlysses S. Grant's\n\nfavourite horses were called\n\nEgypt, Cincinnati and\n\nJeff Davis.\n\nRoyal Navy ships' names have\n\nincluded HMS _Banterer_ , HMS _Eclair_ ,\n\nHMS _Flirt_ , HMS _Spanker_ and\n\nHMS _Happy Entrance_.\n\nHoratio Nelson's pension\n\ncontinued to be paid\n\nuntil 1947.\n\nThe US Navy's\n\n'navy blue' uniform\n\nis not blue but black.\n\n* * *\n\nThe blue-banded bee\n\nhead-bangs flowers\n\n350 times a second\n\nto obtain pollen.\n\nPollen\n\nsticks to bees\n\nby static electricity.\n\nFlea,\n\nthe bassist in\n\nthe Red Hot Chili Peppers,\n\nkeeps over 200,000\n\nbees.\n\nThe lifespan\n\nof a rock star\n\nis 25 years shorter\n\nthan average.\n\n* * *\n\nMick Jones,\n\nformerly of The Clash,\n\nis a first cousin of Tory MP\n\nGrant Shapps.\n\nThe average Briton\n\nhas five first cousins,\n\n28 second cousins, 175 third cousins,\n\n1,570 fourth cousins and\n\n17,300 fifth cousins.\n\nThe average Briton\n\nhas 174,000 sixth cousins,\n\nenough to fill Wembley\n\nstadium twice over.\n\nThe average Briton\n\nhas two cousins\n\nper square mile.\n\n* * *\n\nThere is a one in 300 chance\n\nyou will be related to a\n\ncomplete stranger.\n\nIn 16th-century Rome,\n\nthere was a ban on more than two\n\nsisters from the same family\n\njoining the same convent.\n\nCloistered nuns\n\ncan only leave their\n\nnunnery without permission\n\nin case of fire, leprosy or\n\ncontagious illness.\n\nIn 1844, French nuns\n\nbegan meowing like cats,\n\nand only stopped when\n\nthe army threatened\n\nto whip them.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1841,\n\nRobert Browning\n\nused the word 'twat'\n\nin his poem 'Pippa Passes',\n\nthinking it was an article\n\nof clothing for nuns.\n\nLatin had\n\nabout 800 obscene words;\n\nEnglish has only\n\nabout 20.\n\nThe ancient Romans\n\ntold 'Irish' jokes about\n\npeople from Thrace.\n\nAncient Roman\n\nwomen had no\n\nfirst names.\n\n* * *\n\nFrom 1850 to 1880,\n\nover 3,000 English women died\n\nafter their skirts caught fire.\n\nThe most dangerous\n\nhousehold item in a fire\n\nis a fridge-freezer.\n\nFirefighters in Dubai\n\nuse jet packs to tackle blazes\n\nin high-rise buildings.\n\nThe town of\n\nCentralia, Pennsylvania,\n\nhas been on fire\n\nsince 1962.\n\n* * *\n\nThe 1962 escape\n\nfrom Alcatraz is still\n\nunder investigation by\n\nthe US Marshals Service.\n\nBefore Jos\u00e9 'Pepe' Mujica\n\nbecame president of Uruguay,\n\nhe spent 14 years in prison,\n\ntwo of them locked\n\nin a horse trough.\n\nIf the US freed all its prisoners\n\nexcept murderers and rapists,\n\nit would still have more\n\npeople in prison\n\nper head than\n\nGermany.\n\n1 in 6 of the world's population\n\nbribe a police officer every year.\n\n* * *\n\nBecause of a deal struck with\n\nthe Mafia, the word 'mafia' was\n\nnever used in _The Godfather_.\n\nHalf the world's population\n\nhas seen a Bond movie.\n\nMice prefer watching\n\nviolent mouse movies\n\nto erotic ones.\n\n4-year-old mice\n\nare much rarer than\n\n100-year-old people.\n\n* * *\n\nOne of the longest\n\ndomain names in the world is:\n\niamtheproudownerofthelongestlongest\n\nlongestdomainnameinthisworld.com\n\nThe longest\n\nhuman pregnancy lasted\n\na year and 10 days.\n\nA million seconds\n\nis 11.6 days.\n\nA billion seconds\n\nis 32 years.\n\n* * *\n\n3.8 billion years ago,\n\na day was less than\n\n10 hours long.\n\nThe Sex Pistols' debut album\n\nis closer in time to the premiere of\n\nRachmaninoff's Third Symphony\n\nthan it is to today.\n\nThe last note of\n\nThe Beatles' 'A Day in the Life'\n\nis so high that only\n\ndogs can hear it.\n\nWrens\n\ncan sing 36 notes\n\na second.\n\n* * *\n\nOver its lifetime,\n\nan Arctic tern flies the equivalent\n\nof three trips to the Moon\n\nand back.\n\nAncient murrelets\n\nare birds that migrate\n\n16,000 miles from Canada to Japan\n\nand back for no good reason:\n\nconditions are identical\n\nin both places.\n\nAnthropologists\n\ncan track human migration\n\nby examining earwax.\n\nThere are only\n\n140 cases in medical history of\n\na man having more than\n\ntwo testicles.\n\n* * *\n\nThe last\n\ntwo journalists\n\nto work in Fleet Street\n\nleft in 2016.\n\nBetteridge's Law of Headlines\n\nstates that a headline ending in a\n\nquestion mark can always be\n\nanswered 'No'.\n\nThere is no evidence that the headline\n\n'Heavy Fog in Channel \u2013 Continent Cut Off'\n\never ran in a British newspaper.\n\nA 2013 study of\n\nFox News's climate-science reports\n\nfound that 72% were\n\nmisleading.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen weather forecasting started,\n\nthe ship-salvage industry\n\ntried to get it banned.\n\nThe world's longest ship\n\nis 50% longer than\n\nthe Shard is tall.\n\nLondon gets\n\nless rain than Rome,\n\nVenice or Nice.\n\nBritons spend\n\nfive months of their lives\n\ncomplaining about\n\nthe weather.\n\n* * *\n\n_Plothering_\n\nis a Midlands word\n\nfor a heavy downpour.\n\n_S\u00f3larfr\u00ed_\n\nis Icelandic for\n\ntime off given to staff to\n\nenjoy good weather.\n\n_Physiggoomai_\n\nis ancient Greek for a\n\nperson who is aroused\n\nby garlic.\n\nFrench\n\nhas no word for\n\n'shrug'.\n\n* * *\n\nA _sciolist_\n\nis someone who\n\nknows less than\n\nthey pretend.\n\nTo _snudge_\n\nis to stride around\n\npretending to look busy.\n\n_Sinapistic_ means\n\n'consisting of mustard'.\n\n_Subrident_\n\nmeans\n\n'smiling'.\n\n* * *\n\nOne person produces\n\nenough urine in a lifetime\n\nto fill a swimming pool.\n\nBefore becoming\n\na Founding Father,\n\nBenjamin Franklin considered\n\nbecoming a swimming teacher.\n\nIn 1958,\n\nChairman Mao\n\ninvited Khrushchev\n\nto a swimming meeting,\n\nknowing that he couldn't swim.\n\nKhrushchev had to wear armbands.\n\nThere are Egyptian cave paintings\n\nof people doing breaststroke.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first man\n\nto swim the English Channel\n\nlater toured a show where\n\nhe floated in a tank\n\nfor 128 hours.\n\nThe number of hours\n\nthat Britons spent watching\n\n_The One Show_ in 2015 is greater\n\nthan the number of hours that\n\nhave passed since humans\n\nfirst left Africa.\n\nDuring the launch of BBC2 in 1964,\n\na kangaroo got stuck in a lift\n\nat Television Centre.\n\nFor the Queen's coronation in 1953,\n\npeople dressed up\n\nas TV sets.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1940s Britain,\n\nchildren's TV was\n\nshown from 5 to 6 p.m.,\n\nthen transmission stopped\n\nfor an hour to encourage\n\nthem to go to bed.\n\nAfter the introduction of colour TV,\n\nthe number of people dreaming\n\nin black and white fell\n\nfrom 25% to 7%.\n\nNightmares\n\nare more common\n\nif you sleep on your\n\nleft-hand side.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen you sleep\n\nin a bed for the first time,\n\nhalf of your brain\n\nstays awake.\n\nWomen sleep\n\nhalf an hour longer\n\nthan men.\n\nNetflix has\n\ncreated a pair of socks that\n\npause the show you're watching\n\nif you fall asleep.\n\n1 in 5 people\n\nwake up wearing\n\nfewer items of clothing\n\nthan they went\n\nto bed in.\n\n* * *\n\nFollicle mites\n\nmake the journey across\n\na sleeping person's face\n\nfrom nose to ear\n\nin six hours.\n\nThe DNA in your facial mites can\n\ntell scientists where you came from.\n\nThe first passport-holders\n\nhad to provide written descriptions\n\nof themselves instead of photos.\n\nNearly everyone described\n\ntheir noses as\n\n'average'.\n\nTo qualify for\n\na Dutch passport,\n\nyou have to watch a video\n\nshowing beach nudity.\n\n* * *\n\nGodzilla\n\nwas awarded\n\nJapanese citizenship\n\nin 2015.\n\nProspective\n\ncitizens of South Korea\n\nmust sing the first four verses\n\nof the national anthem.\n\nIn 2014,\n\nSouth Korea changed the key\n\nof its national anthem to\n\nmake it easier\n\nto sing.\n\nUntil 1857,\n\nall British passports were\n\nsigned by the Foreign Secretary.\n\n* * *\n\nUntil 1858,\n\nall British passports\n\nwere written in French.\n\nIn the 1880s,\n\nthe French used half\n\nas much soap as\n\nthe English.\n\nIn 19th-century France,\n\nit was a symbol of free thinking\n\nto hold a sausage-eating party\n\non Good Friday.\n\nIn 1955,\n\nAmerica had\n\na 'Sausage Queen'\n\nbeauty contest.\n\n* * *\n\nThe man who\n\nfirst described Botox\n\nwas a German known as\n\n'Sausage' Kerner.\n\nGermans who\n\nurinate in the street\n\nare known as\n\n_Wildpinkler_.\n\nThe best day to find money\n\nin the streets of New York City\n\nis 18 March: the day after\n\nSt Patrick's Day.\n\nNew York's ants\n\nclean up the streets by\n\neating the equivalent of\n\n60,000 hot dogs\n\nevery year.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 'Find the Lady',\n\nthe man who mixes up\n\nthe cards is known as\n\n'the Tosser'.\n\nIf a flatworm can't find\n\nanother flatworm to mate with,\n\nit stabs itself in the head\n\nwith its own penis.\n\nMale nematode worms\n\nhave an extra pair of brain cells,\n\nwhich are thought to help\n\nthem to remember\n\nto have sex.\n\nNematode worms\n\nuse slugs as taxis to\n\ncarry them around.\n\n* * *\n\nThe average\n\nBentley driver owns\n\neight cars.\n\nThe average\n\nBugatti driver owns\n\n84 cars, three jets and\n\na yacht.\n\nFor the last 70 years,\n\nthe average price of a small car\n\nhas remained the same as the cost\n\nof 20,000 Mars Bars.\n\nDriving a car to Mars\n\nwould emit as much carbon as\n\nthere is in all the trees\n\nin Edinburgh.\n\n* * *\n\nQuidditch,\n\ndigestive biscuits\n\nand overdrafts were\n\nall invented in Edinburgh.\n\nThe Bank of England was\n\nfounded by a Scotsman\n\nin 1694.\n\nThe Bank of Scotland was\n\nfounded by an Englishman\n\nin 1695.\n\nThe first Nando's\n\nopened in London\n\nin 1696.\n\n* * *\n\nMore people\n\nlive in London than in\n\nScotland and Wales\n\ncombined.\n\nLondon has\n\nmore trees than\n\nany capital city\n\nin Europe.\n\nEvery English elm is\n\ndescended from a single tree\n\nimported by the Romans.\n\nIt would take 300 years to\n\ncatalogue all the tree species\n\nin the Amazon rainforest.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world has lost\n\n3% of its forests\n\nsince 1990.\n\nA 106-acre\n\naspen forest in Utah\n\nis made up of a single\n\n80,000-year-old tree.\n\nNo matter how large a tree is,\n\nit will break if the wind speed\n\nreaches 94 mph.\n\nTrees sleep at night\n\nto rest their\n\nbranches.\n\n* * *\n\nMags Thomson\n\nof Livingston, Scotland,\n\nhas spent 21 years trying\n\nto visit all the branches\n\nof Wetherspoons.\n\nTony Blair\n\nwas the first serving\n\nBritish prime minister to\n\nvisit California.\n\nThe California gull\n\nis the state bird\n\nof Utah.\n\nWhen Memphis, Tennessee, held\n\na 'Dinosaurs Live' exhibition in 1992,\n\nvisitors demanded refunds\n\nbecause the dinosaurs\n\nweren't alive.\n\n* * *\n\nAmericans are 22 times\n\nmore likely to be killed\n\nby a cow than by\n\na shark.\n\nThere are more\n\ngun shops in the US than\n\nStarbucks, McDonald's\n\nand supermarkets\n\nput together.\n\nBosnia\n\nhas one betting shop\n\nfor every 1,000 people.\n\nRats\n\nwill gamble more if\n\na win is accompanied by\n\nflashing lights and\n\na fanfare.\n\n* * *\n\nA sloth's top speed is\n\nsix centimetres\n\na second.\n\nShakespeare's plays have\n\nseven times more roles\n\nfor men than women.\n\nBritons apologise at least\n\neight times a day.\n\nChinese drivers\n\nare stuck in traffic jams\n\nfor the equivalent of\n\nnine days a year.\n\n* * *\n\nPeople are 39% more likely\n\nto buy the brand of car\n\ntheir parents owned.\n\nIn 8th-century England,\n\nit was a sin for a man\n\nto see his wife\n\nnaked.\n\nIn 1870,\n\nWindsor Baths\n\nwere moved because\n\nnaked men could be seen\n\nfrom Queen Victoria's bedroom.\n\nA painting of a half-naked couple in a\n\nSydney bathroom has been shared\n\nby more than a million people\n\nas the perfect depiction\n\nof modern marriage.\n\n* * *\n\nTo take a bath with\n\nelectricity running through it\n\nwas a 19th-century cure\n\nfor rheumatism.\n\nAccording to a 2013 survey,\n\n3% of Londoners regularly\n\neat in the bath.\n\nIf the Earl of Sandwich had\n\ngot the earldom he really wanted,\n\nwe'd all be eating\n\nportsmouths.\n\nRestaurants\n\nin New Zealand\n\nthat sell cooked locusts\n\nadvertise them as\n\n'sky prawns'.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first-ever\n\nskywriting message was\n\nan advert which said\n\n'DAILY MAIL'.\n\nThe Wright brothers had\n\na joint bank account.\n\nThe UK's\n\nnational sperm bank\n\nhas just nine donors.\n\nIn 2014,\n\nnine children in the US\n\nwere named\n\nChaos.\n\n* * *\n\nHimalayan Ascent,\n\na Nepalese mountain-guide company,\n\nwas founded by a climber\n\ncalled Sumit.\n\nThe Erasmus Medical Centre\n\nin Rotterdam has a\n\nurologist called\n\nDik Kok.\n\nThe British judge\n\nwhose report led to all\n\ncigarette packaging being green\n\nis Mr Justice Green.\n\nA man arrested\n\nin 2015 for trespassing at\n\nthe Budweiser brewery in St Louis\n\nwas called Bud Weisser.\n\n* * *\n\nOnce Brewed\n\nis a village in\n\nNorthumberland\n\nalso known as\n\nTwice Brewed.\n\nBouth,\n\na village in Cumbria,\n\nis not pronounced\n\n'Bowth' or 'Booth'\n\nbut 'Both'.\n\nIn 1876, a man was shot\n\nbecause of an argument over\n\nthe correct way to pronounce\n\n'Newfoundland'.\n\nLabradors\n\ncome from Newfoundland,\n\nnot Labrador.\n\n* * *\n\nThe 'California roll'\n\nwas invented in Canada,\n\nnot California.\n\nOceanographers in California\n\ncollect spray from whales' blowholes\n\nusing drones known\n\nas 'snot bots'.\n\nWhales can suffocate\n\nif fish get stuck in their\n\nblowholes.\n\nDolphins\n\nhave blowhole\n\nsex.\n\n* * *\n\nPeacocks\n\nfake orgasm noises\n\nto trick peahens into\n\nthinking they're more\n\nsexually active.\n\nStick insects\n\ncan be stuck together\n\nhaving sex for\n\n79 days.\n\nMoths\n\ncan remember the\n\nspecies of plant they\n\nfirst had sex on.\n\nPlants\n\nare able to forget\n\nstressful experiences.\n\n* * *\n\nThe number\n\nof messages sent\n\nevery two days via\n\nWhatsApp and Facebook\n\nexceeds the number of\n\nhuman beings who\n\nhave ever lived.\n\nThe numbers\n\non a roulette wheel\n\nadd up to 666.\n\nIt would take\n\nmore than 65,000\n\ntweets to write out Proust's\n\n_\u00c0 la recherche du temps perdu._\n\nBrazil has\n\nmore mobile phones\n\nthan people.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2013,\n\na Florida law\n\naccidentally banned\n\ncomputers.\n\nYou can't write\n\nperfect French on French\n\ncomputer keyboards.\n\nIn 1861,\n\nonly 2.5% of Italians\n\ncould speak Italian.\n\n70% of Italians imagine\n\nthat life is good in France, but\n\nonly 43% of the French\n\nagree with them.\n\n* * *\n\nThe term _nom de plume_\n\nis not French.\n\nThe French\n\n_rire dans sa barbe_\n\n('to laugh in one's beard')\n\nmeans 'to chuckle quietly\n\nabout a past event'.\n\nThe Croatian for\n\n'what goes around comes around'\n\nis _do\u0107e maca na vratanca_ \u2013\n\n'the pussy cat will come\n\nto the tiny door'.\n\nThe German for\n\nnot seeing the blindingly obvious\n\nis _Tomaten auf den Augen haben_ \u2013\n\n'to have tomatoes\n\non the eyes'.\n\n* * *\n\nIn Germany, it is\n\nillegal to wear a mask\n\nor take a pillow to\n\na demonstration.\n\n17th-century Germans\n\nwere banned from wearing\n\nvery wide trousers.\n\n_Monty Python's Life of Brian_\n\nwas banned by several UK councils\n\nthat didn't have cinemas.\n\nDivorce\n\nwas illegal in Ireland\n\nuntil 1997.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1457,\n\nmen with moustaches\n\nwere banned from\n\nDublin.\n\n_De befborstel_\n\nis a moustache\n\ngrown by Dutchmen\n\nto stimulate the clitoris.\n\nThe Ainu people of Japan\n\nwear wooden moustache lifters\n\nto keep their facial hair\n\nout of their food.\n\nThe world's longest beard\n\nis 16 feet long and kept at\n\nthe Smithsonian Museum.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Kansas\n\nBarbed Wire Museum\n\nhas 2,000 varieties\n\nof barbed wire.\n\nThe Pencil Sharpener Museum\n\nin Logan, Ohio, has 3,400\n\npencil sharpeners.\n\nThe Museo della Merda\n\nin Piacenza, Italy, is the world's\n\nfirst museum dedicated\n\nto excrement.\n\nProctologists\n\nin ancient Egypt were known as\n\n'shepherds of the anus'.\n\n* * *\n\nAncient Egyptians\n\nbelieved the purpose of the brain\n\nwas to produce snot\n\nfor the nose.\n\nCured pork\n\ninserted into the nostrils\n\ncan stop nosebleeds.\n\n85% of people\n\nuse only one nostril\n\nat a time.\n\nOne nostril\n\nsmells the world\n\nslightly differently\n\nto the other.\n\n* * *\n\nSea hares\n\nare molluscs that\n\nsecrete a purple slime to\n\nblock their predators'\n\nsense of smell.\n\nPuff adders\n\ncan 'switch off'\n\ntheir own smell so\n\npredators can't locate them.\n\nOrang-utans\n\nwarn off predators\n\nby making kissing noises.\n\nFewer than half\n\nof modern cultures\n\npractise romantic kissing.\n\n* * *\n\nThe highwayman\n\nJerry Abershawe\n\nwent to the gallows\n\nwith a flower in his mouth.\n\n'Hanging days',\n\nwhen criminals were executed\n\nin Georgian London,\n\nwere public holidays.\n\nThe head of the police\n\nin ancient Egypt was known as\n\nthe 'chief of the hitters'.\n\nBritish police officers\n\nare arrested for criminal behaviour\n\nat a rate of one a day.\n\n* * *\n\nCambodian traffic police\n\npocket 70% of all the\n\nfines they collect.\n\nThe first recorded traffic casualty\n\nwas a Roman pig run over\n\nby a chariot carrying an\n\nornamental phallus.\n\nThe first police-car chase\n\nin the UK had a\n\ntop speed of\n\n15 mph.\n\nRussia has\n\nenough miles of road to\n\ngo from the Earth to the Moon,\n\ncircle it 15 times,\n\nand come back.\n\n* * *\n\nVodka was\n\nbanned in Russia\n\nbetween 1914 and 1925.\n\nGin\n\nwas voted\n\n'best drink of 1873'.\n\nIn 2013,\n\nHeineken adverts\n\ninadvertently featured a\n\n19th-century anti-alcohol crusader.\n\nJohn Wesley,\n\nthe founder of Methodism,\n\ncured his overeating by poking a piece\n\nof wine-soaked bread\n\nup his nose.\n\n* * *\n\nWinston Churchill's doctor\n\nprescribed eight double shots\n\nof alcohol per day.\n\nChurchill\n\nwas a US citizen.\n\n12% of Americans think\n\nUSB is a country\n\nin Europe.\n\n31% of Americans\n\nbelieve they have made\n\ncontact with\n\nthe dead.\n\n* * *\n\n1 in 3 adults\n\nin the US own\n\nat least one gun.\n\nUtah, Arizona, Indiana,\n\nWest Virginia, Pennsylvania\n\nand Alaska all have official\n\nstate firearms.\n\nThe largest university in Texas\n\nallows handguns on campus,\n\nbut not water pistols.\n\nAfter arms and drugs,\n\nthe third most smuggled\n\ncommodity is\n\nanimals.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world's slavery trade\n\nis worth $150 billion a year,\n\nmore than the GDP of\n\nHungary.\n\nMore people\n\nwork for Walmart\n\nthan live in\n\nSlovenia.\n\nBolivia\n\nhas had 190 coups\n\nor revolutions in its\n\n191-year history.\n\nThere is only\n\none psychiatrist\n\nin Liberia.\n\n* * *\n\nLiberia declared\n\na state of emergency in 2009\n\nwhen 80 towns and villages\n\nwere invaded by\n\ncaterpillars.\n\n_The Very_\n\n_Hungry Caterpillar_\n\nwas originally _called_\n\n_A Week with Willie Worm._\n\nThe gum-leaf\n\nskeletoniser caterpillar\n\nof Australia wears a stack of\n\nits old moulted heads\n\non its head.\n\nWhen Donald Trump\n\nis in a bad mood, he\n\nwears a red hat.\n\n* * *\n\nThe English philosopher\n\nHerbert Spencer had an\n\n'angry suit' which he wore\n\nwhen feeling irritable.\n\nThe phrase\n\n'survival of the fittest'\n\nwas coined by Herbert Spencer,\n\nnot Charles Darwin.\n\nThe repetition of\n\na falsehood so often it\n\nbecomes an urban legend\n\nis known as the\n\nWoozle Effect.\n\nWIMPs and WIMPZILLAs\n\nare theoretical particles\n\nmade of theoretical\n\n'dark matter'.\n\n* * *\n\n46% of Americans\n\nfeel a deep sense of wonder\n\nabout the universe at least\n\nonce a week.\n\nValentina Tereshkova,\n\nthe first woman in space,\n\nforgot her toothbrush and\n\nhad to brush her teeth\n\nwith her finger.\n\nNapoleon\n\nwas born with\n\nteeth.\n\nLimpet teeth\n\nare made from the\n\nstrongest biological\n\nmaterial in nature.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen Monty Python\n\ntoured the US and were asked to\n\ntrash a hotel suite for publicity,\n\nMichael Palin obligingly went\n\ninto the bathroom and\n\nbroke a toothbrush.\n\nPythons kill\n\nnot by suffocation, but by\n\ncutting off the blood supply\n\nand causing a heart attack.\n\nA human heart\n\nbeats five times as often\n\nin a lifetime as a\n\ngiraffe's.\n\nFatal heart attacks\n\ncan be caused\n\nby joy.\n\n* * *\n\nHaving friendly neighbours\n\nreduces your chances\n\nof a heart attack\n\nby up to 70%.\n\nIn 1996,\n\ntwo neighbours in Devon\n\nspent a year hooting at owls,\n\nunaware they were actually\n\nhooting at each other.\n\n'The Copper-Penis Owl' is\n\nthe monster used in Hungary\n\nto scare children into\n\nbehaving.\n\nChildren in Hungary are\n\ntold that eating carrots\n\nwill help them\n\nwhistle.\n\n* * *\n\nA mussel\n\nfrom Transylvania\n\nthat lives in toilet U-bends\n\nis the UK's most invasive species.\n\nA supplement\n\nmade from mussels\n\ncan reduce the pain\n\nin your muscles.\n\nThe muscles in the\n\nleft ventricle of a giraffe's heart\n\nare five times stronger than\n\nthose in the right.\n\nThere are\n\nhalf as many giraffes\n\nas there were\n\n15 years\n\nago.\n\n* * *\n\nThe producer\n\nof _Die Hard_ and _The Matrix_\n\nalso invented the sport of\n\nUltimate Frisbee.\n\nThe sound of the stabbing\n\nin the shower scene in _Psycho_\n\nwas made using melons.\n\nNobody knows\n\nwhy the Oscars are\n\ncalled the Oscars.\n\nCary Grant and Clark Gable\n\nmet once a year to exchange\n\nunwanted monogrammed\n\nChristmas gifts.\n\n* * *\n\nChristmas-tree lights\n\ncan interfere with\n\nyour Wi-Fi.\n\nSiberian Christmas trees\n\nget so cold they can\n\nturn to glass.\n\nPine-tree needles\n\nare a good source of\n\nvitamins A and C.\n\nPine-tree sap\n\nwas used in the\n\nSecond World War\n\nto fuel Japanese aircraft.\n\n* * *\n\n85% of aircraft that crashed on\n\nBritish soil during the Second World War\n\nbelonged to the Allies.\n\nSoldiers in\n\nthe First World War\n\nwere five times more likely\n\nto get venereal disease\n\nthan trench foot.\n\nM&Ms were invented\n\nso American soldiers could\n\neat chocolate without it\n\nmelting in their hands.\n\nIn 2013,\n\n70,000 tons more chocolate\n\nwere consumed than\n\nthe cocoa harvest\n\nproduced.\n\n* * *\n\nCocoa trees belong\n\nto the _Sterculiaceae_ family,\n\nwhich is named after the\n\nRoman god of manure.\n\n_Sgriob_ is Gaelic for\n\n'the itchiness that overcomes the\n\nupper lip just before taking\n\na sip of whisky'.\n\nCravings for\n\nchocolate and alcohol\n\ncan be controlled with\n\ninjections of lizard saliva.\n\nOsteria Francescana,\n\nvoted the world's best restaurant in 2016,\n\nhas a dish on the menu called\n\n'the crunchy part of\n\nthe lasagna'.\n\n* * *\n\nNot supplying trays in cafeterias\n\nreduces food waste by 32%.\n\nIn 2016,\n\nThailand's Buddhist monks\n\nwere put on a diet after a survey\n\nrevealed almost half of them\n\nwere obese.\n\nIn 1087,\n\nWilliam the Conqueror\n\ngot too fat to ride his horse,\n\nso he went on an alcohol-only diet\n\nand died later that year.\n\nYou get\n\n18% more drunk if\n\nyou drink spirits with\n\na diet mixer rather than\n\na regular one.\n\n* * *\n\nHens\n\ngiven alcohol\n\nlay half as many eggs.\n\nHuman beings produce\n\n1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000\n\ntimes more sperm\n\nthan eggs.\n\nThe sperm of\n\na male seed shrimp\n\nare three times bigger\n\nthan he is.\n\nThe oldest known sperm\n\nis worm sperm.\n\n* * *\n\nA newly discovered\n\n'100-suckered parasitic worm'\n\nturned out to be the genitals of\n\nthe blanket octopus.\n\nGloomy octopuses\n\nare said to have\n\n'no personality'.\n\nOctopuses\n\nprefer HDTV to\n\nordinary television.\n\nSquidward Tentacles\n\nin _SpongeBob SquarePants_ has\n\nonly six tentacles \u2013 which means\n\nhe is neither a squid\n\nnor an octopus.\n\n* * *\n\nThe most\n\nremote point\n\non Earth is called\n\nPoint Nemo.\n\nThe hottest place on Earth\n\nlost the title it had held for 90 years\n\nin 2012, when it was found that the man\n\nmaking the original measurements\n\ndidn't know how to use a\n\nthermometer.\n\nThe Sun is white\n\n(with a hint of turquoise),\n\nnot yellow.\n\nMan has probed\n\n20 billion kilometres\n\noutwards from the Earth\n\nbut only 12 into it.\n\n* * *\n\nAboard the\n\nNASA probe\n\nsent to study Pluto\n\nwere the ashes of the man\n\nwho discovered it.\n\nAstronauts\n\naboard the ISS\n\nchange their underpants\n\nevery four days.\n\nAstronauts wear belts\n\nto stop their trousers\n\nfalling up.\n\nAstronauts have to\n\nsleep near fans so they don't\n\nsuffocate in their own\n\nexhaled breath.\n\n* * *\n\nAstronauts\n\ndrink their own\n\nrecycled urine.\n\nIn 2015, a whisky sent\n\ninto space to mature was said\n\nto taste of antiseptic smoke,\n\nrubber and smoked fish.\n\nOn Earth,\n\nmoss grows in\n\nan unruly fashion, but\n\nin space it forms\n\nspirals.\n\nIf you grow\n\nromaine lettuce in space,\n\nit tastes like rocket.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are 400,000\n\nspecies of plants on Earth.\n\n300,000 are safe to eat, but\n\nactually we only eat\n\nfewer than 200.\n\nIn winter, garden birds\n\nneed to eat a third of their\n\nown weight in food\n\neach day.\n\n_Paradisea apoda_ ,\n\nthe 'legless bird of paradise', is\n\nso named because the original specimen's\n\nlegs were cut off when it was\n\nbeing stuffed.\n\nAn Australian dentist\n\nhas invented braces for\n\nbirds with bent beaks.\n\n* * *\n\nA flock\n\nof red-billed queleas\n\nmay consist of over\n\n30 million birds.\n\nUntil the 1840s,\n\nrugby matches could have\n\nup to 300 players on\n\nthe pitch at once.\n\nEst\u00e1dio Milton Corr\u00eaa,\n\na football stadium in Brazil, has\n\none goal in the northern hemisphere\n\nand one in the southern hemisphere.\n\nThe British Ladies Football Club\n\nwas founded in 1895 by\n\nNettie Honeyball.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first black\n\nfemale footballer was\n\nCarrie Boustead, a Scot who\n\nplayed in goal in\n\nthe 1890s.\n\nIn 2015, Welling United\n\nsigned a promising young\n\nChelsea player called\n\nNortei Nortey.\n\nA scientific paper published in 2016\n\nhad over 2,000 authors, including\n\n38 Wangs, 3 Dings, 3 Dongs,\n\na Botti and a Brest.\n\nAt least 200\n\nmedical papers\n\nquote Bob Dylan\n\nin their titles.\n\n* * *\n\nFraudulent\n\nscientific papers\n\ntend to contain\n\nmore jargon.\n\nWhen walking,\n\nanxious people tend to\n\nveer to the left.\n\nPenguins\n\nhave a 'slender walk'\n\nwhere they pin their flippers back\n\nto wriggle through crowds.\n\nPenguins\n\nprepare a warm spot on\n\nthe ground to lay their eggs\n\nby excreting all over it.\n\n* * *\n\nFat penguins\n\nfall over more often than\n\nthin ones.\n\nNew Zealand has\n\nmore species of penguin\n\nthan anywhere else.\n\nJackass penguins are\n\nnamed after their mating cry\n\nand are sometimes known\n\nas 'beach donkeys'.\n\nAn 18th-century name\n\nfor penguins was\n\n'arse-feet'.\n\n* * *\n\nThe feet of\n\ntree frogs are\n\nself-cleaning.\n\nFor Spider-Man\n\nto climb buildings like a gecko\n\nwould require size 89 feet.\n\nHumans\n\nstarted wearing shoes\n\n40,000 years ago.\n\nSocrates had\n\na disciple called\n\nSimon the Shoemaker.\n\n* * *\n\nWellington boots were\n\ndesigned by Germans,\n\nnamed by an Irishman,\n\nmanufactured by an American\n\nand first worn by French peasants.\n\nWearing your socks\n\noutside your shoes gives you\n\na better grip in icy weather.\n\nThe first water balloons\n\nwere made out of socks.\n\nThe word 'sock'\n\ncomes from the Latin _soccus_ ,\n\nmeaning 'shoe'.\n\n* * *\n\nThe word 'pants' comes\n\nfrom a Greek word meaning\n\n'all-compassionate'.\n\nThe word 'sarcasm' comes\n\nfrom an ancient Greek verb\n\nmeaning 'to tear flesh'.\n\nThe name Bryony comes\n\nfrom the Greek verb _bruein_ ,\n\nmeaning 'to be full to bursting'.\n\nSpartan elections\n\nwere won by the candidate\n\nwho got the loudest cheer.\n\n* * *\n\nThe loudest word\n\never shouted was 'Quiet!'\n\nby a primary-school teacher\n\nfrom Northern Ireland.\n\nIn 2009,\n\nJonathan Lee Riches\n\nserved an injunction on\n\nGuinness World Records\n\nto stop them calling him the\n\n'world's most litigious person'.\n\nThe record for the world's\n\nfastest steam train was set in 1938\n\nand has never been broken.\n\nWhen France's TGV\n\nbroke the world train-speed record,\n\nit had to apply the brakes for\n\n10 miles before stopping.\n\n* * *\n\nJapanese railways\n\nhave underpasses\n\nfor turtles.\n\n_Tartle_\n\nis an old Scottish word for\n\nthe moment of panic when you're\n\nabout to introduce someone and\n\nrealise you've forgotten\n\ntheir name.\n\nIn 1963,\n\n5,529 Nigels were\n\nborn in England and Wales;\n\nin 2014, there were\n\nonly 10.\n\nMen called Nigel\n\nare twice as likely to\n\nvote for UKIP.\n\n* * *\n\nIn a 2015 poll,\n\n30% of Republicans\n\nand 19% of Democrats\n\nsupported the bombing of Agrabah,\n\nthe fictional city\n\nin _Aladdin_.\n\nThe 25th Amendment,\n\nallowing vice presidents to take over\n\nwhen the president is incapacitated,\n\nhas been used only three times.\n\nIn each case, the president\n\nwas having a colonoscopy.\n\nGeorge H. W. Bush\n\nalmost chose Clint Eastwood\n\nas his running mate.\n\nThe name Donald means\n\n'ruler of the world'.\n\n* * *\n\nDonald Trump's\n\nfather and grandmother both had\n\nthe middle name Christ.\n\nThe Virgin Mary\n\nappears more often\n\nin the Qur'an than\n\nin the Bible.\n\nTo print a single\n\nGutenberg Bible on vellum\n\nrequired the hides\n\nof 170 calves.\n\nParchment\n\nis made from the skin\n\nof sheep.\n\n* * *\n\nThe parchment scroll of the\n\nLand Tax Act of 1782\n\nis a quarter of a\n\nmile long.\n\nThe first use of\n\nthe word 'twat' in Parliament\n\nwas in 1986, when Bill Cash MP\n\ndescribed Field Marshal Lord Carver\n\nas a 'boring old twat'.\n\nThe second use\n\nof 'twat' in Parliament\n\nhappened immediately afterwards,\n\nwhen another MP shouted:\n\n'He said twat!'\n\nAccording to Hansard, no MP\n\nhas ever called another MP a 'turd'.\n\n* * *\n\nMPs have been told\n\nnot to stroke the statues\n\nin Parliament for luck because\n\nChurchill and Thatcher are\n\nbeing worn away.\n\nA statue\n\nof Nikola Tesla in\n\nSilicon Valley provides\n\nfree Wi-Fi.\n\nThe Statue of Liberty was\n\ndesigned as a Muslim woman\n\nguarding the Suez Canal.\n\nFor almost 40 years,\n\nStockton-on-Tees honoured John Walker,\n\nthe inventor of the friction match,\n\nwith a statue of the wrong man.\n\n* * *\n\nThe man who patented\n\nthe first elevator and the man\n\nwho patented the first elevator brake\n\nwere both called Otis.\n\nCrohn's disease\n\nwas discovered and named by\n\nMarilyn Monroe's doctor.\n\nBecause of\n\nmad cow disease\n\nDesperate Dan stopped\n\neating cow pie.\n\nUntil 1899,\n\nthe list of official diseases of\n\nthe Royal College of Physicians\n\nincluded nostalgia.\n\n* * *\n\nThe US government's\n\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\n\nprovide specific guidance for\n\nZombie Preparedness.\n\nA group\n\nof unicorns\n\nis called a blessing.\n\n'Unicorn Zombie Apocalypse'\n\ncomes with an official\n\nmusic video.\n\n50% of Americans\n\nbelieve in at least one\n\nconspiracy theory.\n\n* * *\n\n95% of\n\npeople on Earth\n\nhave at least one thing\n\nwrong with them.\n\nIn 1942,\n\nhalf of the US's\n\npenicillin stocks were\n\nused on just one patient.\n\nAccording to at least two\n\nindependent sets of research,\n\nman flu is real.\n\nIn 1873, three-quarters\n\nof American horses\n\ncaught flu.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2015,\n\nthe Queen received\n\na gift of \u00a35,000 worth of\n\nhorse semen.\n\nA champion racehorse\n\nfrom today would beat one\n\nfrom the early 1990s\n\nby seven lengths.\n\nVictorian gentry\n\nordered their horses to be\n\nshot after their deaths.\n\n'Twitter'\n\nwas a 19th-century\n\nword for an abscess on\n\non a horse's foot.\n\n* * *\n\nAll the photos\n\nshared on Snapchat\n\nin one hour would take\n\n10 years to view.\n\nPeople\n\nwho use more emoji\n\nhave more sex.\n\nEmoji is the\n\nfastest-growing\n\nlanguage in history.\n\n72% of\n\n18- to 25-year-olds\n\nfind it easier to express their feelings\n\nwith emoji rather than words.\n\n* * *\n\nThe average Briton is\n\nbored for six hours\n\na week.\n\nOne British child a day\n\neats a washing-machine tablet\n\nin mistake for a sweet.\n\nThe average Briton's\n\nwardrobe contains 152 items,\n\nfewer than half of which\n\nare worn regularly.\n\nOne-third of Britons have\n\nwritten almost nothing by hand\n\nin the last six months.\n\n* * *\n\nLord Baden-Powell\n\nonce wrote a letter to an\n\nautograph-hunter telling him not\n\nto become an autograph-hunter.\n\nIt has since been sold to\n\nan autograph-hunter.\n\nAs a small boy,\n\nRoald Dahl made a\n\npilgrimage to see Beatrix Potter.\n\nWhen he got there, all she said was:\n\n'Well, you've seen her. Now, buzz off!'\n\nThe Oompa-Loompas\n\nwere originally called\n\nWhipple-Scrumpets.\n\n_The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo_ is\n\nhow the author Stieg Larsson imagined\n\nPippi Longstocking as an adult.\n\n* * *\n\nThe video game _Fallout 4_\n\nis set in a post-apocalyptic world\n\nwhere you get rewarded for\n\nreturning library books.\n\nIn his lifetime,\n\nEdgar Allan Poe's\n\nbest-selling book was\n\na textbook about seashells.\n\nErnest Hemingway\n\nheld the world record for\n\nthe most marlin caught\n\nin a single day.\n\nMarcel Proust\n\nhad opium for\n\nbreakfast.\n\n* * *\n\nPeople who\n\ndrink black coffee\n\nare more likely to be\n\npsychopaths.\n\nDrinking coffee\n\nin the Ottoman Empire\n\nof the 17th century\n\nwas punishable\n\nby death.\n\nThe Venetians\n\nused biological warfare\n\nagainst the Ottomans by\n\nsmearing plague pus\n\non fezzes.\n\nThe beehive hairdo\n\nwas invented to\n\nfit under a fez.\n\n* * *\n\nIt is illegal in\n\nTajikistan to go out for\n\na birthday meal.\n\nIn China,\n\nit's illegal to\n\nreincarnate without\n\nfilling in a government\n\nReincarnation Application form.\n\nIn 2011,\n\nFlorida accidentally\n\nmade sex illegal.\n\nUntil 1936,\n\nit was illegal for\n\nmen in New York\n\nto be topless in public.\n\n* * *\n\nAfter the English Civil War,\n\nQuakers appeared naked in public\n\nto symbolise the shame of the\n\nChurch of England.\n\nKeen nudists have included\n\nBenjamin Franklin, Walt Whitman,\n\nDr Seuss, Dame Helen Mirren\n\nand Billy Connolly.\n\nAmerica's first streaker\n\nrose to become chief clerk\n\nof the Pension Bureau.\n\nIn July 1896,\n\na man called George Bush was\n\nsent to prison for appearing naked in\n\na first-class railway carriage.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen George H. W. Bush\n\narrived in the White House, he found\n\na note from Ronald Reagan saying:\n\n'Don't let the turkeys\n\nget you down.'\n\nRonald Reagan left a note\n\non the White House lawn warning\n\nthe squirrels to beware of\n\nGeorge H. W. Bush's dogs.\n\n'The Catman' plagued\n\nRonald Reagan with threatening letters\n\nand dozens of pictures of cats.\n\nAbraham Lincoln\n\nreceived at least one\n\nthreatening letter\n\nevery day of his\n\npresidency.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Royal Mail\n\nhas calculated that\n\nit would cost \u00a311,602.25\n\nto send a letter to Mars.\n\n75% of the\n\nEarth's population has\n\nno postal address.\n\nThe first woman\n\nto appear on a US postage stamp\n\nwas Queen Isabella of Spain.\n\nThe second item\n\nsent by New York's\n\npneumatic-tube postal system\n\nwas a live black cat.\n\n* * *\n\nDucklings\n\nare capable of\n\nabstract thought.\n\nEvery year,\n\nBritish ducks are fed\n\n3.5 million loaves\n\nof bread.\n\nIn the California Gold Rush,\n\na slice of bread cost the\n\nequivalent of $25,\n\nor $50 if it was\n\nbuttered.\n\nThe ancient Romans\n\nhad a special kind of bread\n\nto be eaten with oysters.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen the ancient Romans\n\ndeployed lions against Germanic tribes,\n\nthe tribesmen simply assumed\n\nthey were large dogs.\n\nThe first successful CPR\n\nwas performed\n\non a dog.\n\nLancashire\n\nis haunted by a\n\nghostly dog called\n\nthe 'Radcliffe shag'.\n\n10% of\n\nvegetarian hot dogs in\n\nAmerica contain\n\nmeat.\n\n* * *\n\nA 'sandwich' in\n\nthe US must legally be\n\nat least 35% cooked meat.\n\nCommercially grown\n\ntomatoes have tripled in size\n\nsince the 1970s.\n\nIn the mid-1980s, the\n\nNational Giant Vegetable Championships\n\nhad to move to a new venue because\n\nthe pumpkins were getting too big\n\nto fit through the door.\n\nThe world's heaviest pumpkin\n\nweighed the same as\n\na Ford Fiesta.\n\n* * *\n\nAmericans eat\n\n20% of their meals\n\nin cars.\n\nCucumbers are\n\nsometimes sacrificed by the\n\nNuer people of South Sudan\n\nas a substitute for\n\ncattle.\n\nEvery year,\n\n250,000 Danes gather\n\nto watch cows being\n\nlet out to pasture.\n\nUntil the 1950s,\n\nthe rural poor in Norway\n\nwarmed their feet\n\nin cowpats.\n\n* * *\n\nCows produce\n\nfive times as much\n\nsaliva as milk.\n\nTo stop their\n\nudders freezing\n\nSiberian cows\n\nwear bras.\n\nCartoon cows\n\nin 1930s Hollywood\n\nwere not allowed udders.\n\n'Cowabunga!'\n\nwas used by Snoopy long before the\n\nTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2000,\n\nBlockbuster Video\n\nturned down the chance to acquire\n\na new video-streaming service\n\ncalled Netflix.\n\nThe original Chill Pill\n\nwas a pill that you took\n\nwhen you had a chill.\n\nIn the 16th century,\n\n'to text' meant\n\n'to quote texts'.\n\nIn 1994,\n\npeople said 'marvellous'\n\n77 times as often as\n\nthey do today.\n\n* * *\n\nPilots never say 'Over and out' because\n\n'over' means 'waiting to hear more'\n\nand 'out' means 'that's the end\n\nof the conversation'.\n\nAnyone talking on an army radio\n\nshould be careful not to use\n\nthe word 'repeat' because\n\nit means 'fire again'.\n\nIn the Second World War,\n\nthe group trying to 'turn' German spies\n\nwas called the Twenty Committee, hence\n\nthe 'XX' or 'Double Cross' Committee.\n\nMajor Edwin Richardson,\n\nwho ran the British War Dog School,\n\nwas prepared to accept any dog\n\nas long as it didn't have\n\na 'gaily carried tail'.\n\n* * *\n\n'Dalmatian'\n\nis from an ancient\n\nIllyrian word meaning\n\n'sheep'.\n\nAmerica's\n\n'National Hero Dog' award\n\nwas won in 2015\n\nby a cat.\n\n_Galeanthropy_ is\n\nthe belief that you have\n\nbecome a cat.\n\nIn 1954,\n\nthe Soviet Union\n\napplied to join NATO.\n\n* * *\n\nPresident Kennedy wanted\n\nthe first three men on the Moon\n\nto be white, black and Asian.\n\nThe first song\n\nplayed on the Moon\n\nwas 'Fly Me to the Moon'.\n\nIn 1966,\n\nthree years before\n\nthe US put a man on the Moon,\n\na spacecraft from the USSR\n\nreached Venus.\n\nOn the anniversary\n\nof its landing on Mars,\n\nthe _Curiosity_ rover hummed\n\n'Happy Birthday' to itself.\n\n* * *\n\nNASA scientists\n\nworking on Mars rovers\n\nwork to a Mars day,\n\nnot an Earth day.\n\nIn 20 million years,\n\nMars's moon Phobos\n\nwill have disintegrated into\n\na ring around the planet.\n\nThe Earth seen from\n\nthe Moon never seems\n\nto rise or set but just\n\nhangs in the sky.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen a potential meteorite\n\nturns out to be just a rock,\n\ngeologists call it a\n\n'meteorwrong'.\n\nIn the past 50 years,\n\nhumanity has mined\n\nenough rock to fill\n\nthe Grand Canyon\n\nto the brim.\n\n'Rock 'n' roll'\n\noriginally meant\n\nthe waves of fervour in\n\nUS gospel churches.\n\nThe Church of England has\n\nfour and a half times as\n\nmany buildings in\n\nthe UK as Tesco.\n\n* * *\n\n'Noon'\n\nused to be\n\nthe ninth hour\n\nof the religious day\n\nand took place at 3 p.m.\n\n_Wythnos_ ,\n\nthe Welsh for 'week',\n\nmeans 'eight nights'.\n\nIn Anglo-Saxon times,\n\nthe day began\n\nat sunset.\n\nIn Saudi Arabia,\n\nthe first day of the week\n\nis Saturday.\n\n* * *\n\nIn Ethiopia,\n\nthe millennium fell on\n\n12 September 2007.\n\nThere is\n\nno standard day\n\non which to celebrate\n\nWorld Standards Day.\n\nWorld Health Day and\n\nAmerica's National Beer Day\n\nare both on 7 April.\n\nThe US celebrates\n\nNational Cheeseburger Day\n\non 18 September.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the 16th century,\n\nunwanted fat was\n\ncalled 'fog'.\n\nThe only difference\n\nbetween fog and mist is\n\nvisibility: if you can't see more\n\nthan 100 metres ahead, it's fog, not mist.\n\n'Thunder-plump'\n\nis an old Scottish word\n\nfor a sudden heavy rain shower.\n\n_Wabsteid_ ,\n\n_cauldpress_ and _stoor-sooker_\n\nare recent Scots words for\n\n'website', 'fridge' and\n\n'vacuum cleaner'.\n\n* * *\n\n_Scatophagus argus_ is a fish\n\nwhose Latin name means\n\n'many-eyed shit-eater',\n\nso it's politely called\n\nthe 'spotted scat'.\n\nThere is a\n\nbutterfly species called\n\n_Charis matic._\n\n_Han solo_ is\n\nthe scientific name of a\n\n450-million-year-old\n\ntrilobite.\n\nMost 'Latin'\n\nscientific names\n\naren't really Latin.\n\n* * *\n\nHalf of\n\nall museum specimens\n\nare thought to be\n\nwrongly labelled.\n\nA collection of felt hats\n\nin the V&A Museum in London were\n\nmade using mercury and are stored\n\nin special bags marked with\n\na skull and crossbones.\n\nThe whale skeleton at the\n\nNatural History Museum in London\n\nis held together by papier m\u00e2ch\u00e9\n\nmade from 80-year-old copies\n\nof the _Kent Messenger._\n\nThe world's only\n\nCornish-pasty museum\n\nis in Mexico.\n\n* * *\n\nMushrooms\n\nshoot spores into the air\n\nto make it rain.\n\nWhen the Moon\n\nis directly overhead,\n\nits gravity pulls on clouds\n\nand makes it rain less.\n\n'Flisk' is an old\n\nGloucestershire word\n\nfor a light shower.\n\nScientists can tell\n\nhow much it rained\n\ntwo billion years ago.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Sun is rained on\n\nby droplets of plasma\n\nthe size of Ireland.\n\nIn one hour,\n\nthe Sun produces as much energy\n\nas the world's population\n\nuses in a year.\n\nThe energy used in a year by\n\nBritons charging their phones\n\nwould be enough to power\n\nBirmingham and Bradford.\n\nIn 2011,\n\na skydiver dropped\n\nan iPhone from 13,500 feet\n\nand it still worked.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are only\n\nfive full-time skywriters\n\non Earth.\n\nThere are\n\n13,513 airports in the US,\n\nmore than the next 12 countries\n\nput together.\n\nIn 2013\/14,\n\nonly eight passengers\n\nused the railway station\n\nat Teesside Airport.\n\nThe French for 'airport novel'\n\nis _roman de gare_ , or\n\n'railway station\n\nnovel'.\n\n* * *\n\nH. G. Wells\n\nwas A. A. Milne's\n\nmaths teacher.\n\nMarlon Brando's mother\n\ngave Henry Fonda\n\nacting lessons.\n\nRoald Dahl, No\u00ebl Coward, Greta Garbo,\n\nCary Grant, Frank Sinatra, Harry Houdini\n\nand Christopher Lee all\n\nworked as spies.\n\nErrol Flynn was\n\na Nazi sympathiser and\n\nwrote letters to Hitler.\n\n* * *\n\nThe average human being\n\nis significantly more dangerous\n\nthan the average sociopath.\n\nEven before farming was invented,\n\nhumans had killed over half\n\nthe planet's large\n\nmammals.\n\nThere is no known case\n\nof an invasive species causing\n\nthe extinction of a plant.\n\nSpecies\n\nthat have disappeared\n\nfrom Britain in the last 200 years\n\ninclude the black-backed meadow ant,\n\nthe short-haired bumblebee,\n\nthe tawny earwig and\n\nthe rooting puffball.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Morro Bay kangaroo rat\n\nof California is probably extinct.\n\nIt hasn't been seen in the wild\n\nfor 30 years, and the last one\n\nin captivity died in 1993.\n\nThe name of the kangaroo mouse,\n\n_Microdipodops megacephalus,_\n\nmeans 'two small feet\n\nwith a big head'.\n\nBaby sabre-toothed cats\n\nhad sabre baby teeth.\n\nSlugs have\n\napproximately\n\n27,000 teeth.\n\n* * *\n\nBritain has\n\n230 slugs for\n\nevery human.\n\nBelgium is the\n\nworld's leading exporter\n\nof billiard balls.\n\nAll the Cadbury's Crunchies\n\nin Europe are made\n\nin Poland.\n\nMore than 4,000\n\ndifferent varieties of potato\n\nare grown in Peru.\n\n* * *\n\nThe US has an\n\nawards ceremony called\n\n'Potato Man of the Year'.\n\nLas Vegas\n\nhosts an awards ceremony for\n\npeople who make awards.\n\nAt the first\n\nmodern Olympics in 1896,\n\nthe medals for winners\n\nwere silver.\n\nPhilip Noel-Baker MP\n\nis the only person ever to have been\n\nawarded both an Olympic medal (1920)\n\nand a Nobel Prize (1959).\n\n* * *\n\nPrincess Diana\n\nwon a prize at school for\n\nBest Kept Guinea Pig.\n\nMan Group,\n\nsponsors of the Booker Prize,\n\nwere once responsible for supplying\n\nthe Royal Navy's rum ration.\n\nDuring the Second World War,\n\nUS Navy sailors were given\n\ndetailed instructions on\n\nwhat to do if caught\n\nby a giant clam.\n\nThe Royal Navy's\n\nmost advanced destroyer\n\nbreaks if it sails into\n\nwarm water.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Royal Navy uses\n\na version of Windows XP called\n\n'Windows for Submarines'.\n\nThe wardrooms in\n\nRussian nuclear submarines are\n\nclad in stainless steel and have\n\na sauna and a plunge pool.\n\nThe wardrooms in\n\nFrench nuclear submarines are\n\ndone out in panelled wood\n\nand have a fish tank.\n\nBritish nuclear submarines\n\nhave their wardrooms fitted out\n\nwith Formica, because it's\n\nless of a fire risk.\n\n* * *\n\nNorth Korea has\n\n10 times as many\n\nsubmarines as\n\nBritain.\n\nNorth Korea has\n\neight Internet hosts;\n\nthe US has\n\n505 million.\n\nMarijuana\n\nis legal in\n\nNorth Korea.\n\nMarijuana has\n\nnever been illegal\n\nin Uruguay.\n\n* * *\n\nSmoking marijuana\n\nincreases a person's\n\nappetite by 40%.\n\nMeerkats have\n\ncompetitive eating contests\n\nto establish dominance.\n\nFeral cats in Australia eat\n\n75 million native animals\n\nevery day.\n\nFrom 1840 to 1930,\n\na pod of killer whales helped\n\nSouth Australian whalers kill\n\nbaleen whales in return for\n\nbeing given their lips and\n\ntongues to eat.\n\n* * *\n\nThe excrement of\n\nsperm whales is worth\n\nup to $10,000\n\na pound.\n\nIn the Middle Ages,\n\npeople slept with cow dung\n\nat the foot of their bed\n\nto keep bugs away.\n\nIn the Middle Ages,\n\nbras were called\n\n'breastbags'.\n\nA bra\n\nhas been invented\n\nthat doubles as\n\na gas mask.\n\n* * *\n\nA gas station\n\nowned by Harland Sanders\n\nwas the site of the first KFC in 1930.\n\nMotorists were served fried chicken\n\nat his own dining-room table.\n\nNapoleon\n\nloved roast chicken\n\nand made sure his chefs\n\nhad one on the spit\n\nat all hours.\n\nMeat from scared animals\n\nis tougher and less tasty.\n\nThe carnivorous harp sponge\n\ntraps prey in the grille of its body,\n\nthen dissolves it\n\ncell by cell.\n\n* * *\n\nOne bite from\n\nthe lone star tick can\n\nmake you allergic\n\nto red meat.\n\nBeaver tail\n\ntastes like\n\nroast beef.\n\nJellyfish contain\n\nthe same number of calories\n\nas green tea.\n\nAntarctic silverfish are pink.\n\nThey only turn silver\n\nwhen they die.\n\n* * *\n\nSilverfish\n\ndrink by sucking moist air\n\nin through their anus.\n\nTap water in\n\nWindhoek, Namibia,\n\ntastes salty because 25% of it\n\nis recycled sewage.\n\nAfter water,\n\nthe most widely\n\nconsumed food or drink\n\non Earth is tea.\n\nIn the Second World War,\n\ntea was moved out of London\n\nto keep it safe.\n\n* * *\n\nThe 'WD' in WD40\n\nstands for 'Water Displacement';\n\nthe '40' is there because the\n\ninventor took 40 goes\n\nto get it right.\n\nThe inventor of\n\nsociology also invented\n\nthe Body Mass Index.\n\nYou're more likely to order\n\ndessert in a restaurant\n\nif your waiter is\n\noverweight.\n\nAt an all-you-can-eat restaurant,\n\nmen who eat with women\n\neat twice as much as\n\nmen who dine\n\nwith men.\n\n* * *\n\nVoles eat 80%\n\nof their own weight\n\nevery day.\n\nGrey squirrels\n\ncan digest acorns;\n\nred squirrels\n\ncan't.\n\nThe RSPB recommends\n\nsprinkling chilli on bird food\n\nto deter squirrels because\n\nbirds can't taste it but\n\nsquirrels can.\n\nSquirrels pretend\n\nto hide their nuts\n\nto fool potential thieves.\n\n* * *\n\nJays 'weigh' nuts in the shell\n\nby shaking them and listening to\n\nthe noise they make.\n\nNuts in their shells\n\ndon't attract VAT but\n\nshelled nuts do.\n\nVAT\n\nis payable on\n\nornamental vegetables\n\nbut not on culinary\n\nvegetables.\n\nIn the 18th century,\n\nBritain had a tax\n\non wallpaper.\n\n* * *\n\nFrom 1796\u20131847,\n\nthe British responded to\n\na tax on dog's tails by\n\ncutting them off.\n\nThe richest\n\n1,000 people in Britain\n\nare twice as rich as they\n\nwere 10 years ago.\n\n$1,000 invested\n\nin the cocaine trade in 2014\n\nwould have been worth\n\n$182,000 in 2015.\n\nIt would cost\n\n\u00a39 billion to buy one\n\nof everything for sale\n\non Amazon.com.\n\n* * *\n\nAfter Christmas,\n\nBritons return\n\n\u00a3207 million worth\n\nof unwanted gifts.\n\nOn New Year's Eve,\n\nbirds in the Netherlands\n\nfly much higher than normal\n\nto avoid the fireworks.\n\nPolice officers patrolling\n\nIstanbul on New Year's Eve\n\ndress up as Santa\n\nto blend in.\n\nTranslated into English,\n\nthe five most common\n\nTurkish surnames are\n\nBrave, Rock, Iron,\n\nFalcon and Steel.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2012,\n\nno babies born in the UK were\n\nnamed Cecil, Willie, Bertha, Fanny,\n\nGertrude, Gladys, Marjorie\n\nor Muriel.\n\nBabies can\n\nrecognise and make\n\nall 150 sounds of the\n\nworld's 6,500 languages until\n\nthey are nine months old.\n\nLithuania has an annual\n\ncrawling race for babies.\n\nBabies\n\nborn in winter start\n\ncrawling five weeks earlier\n\nthan those born\n\nin summer.\n\n* * *\n\nBoys born in winter\n\nare more likely to be\n\nleft-handed.\n\nRight-handed\n\nmarmosets\n\nare braver than\n\nleft-handed marmosets.\n\nAsthmatic otters\n\ncan be taught to use\n\ninhalers.\n\nBaby rats\n\nare known as\n\n'kittens'.\n\n* * *\n\nThere is an equivalent\n\nof Match.com for\n\nzoo animals.\n\nIn 2014,\n\na panda called Ai Hin\n\npretended to be pregnant\n\nto get her own room\n\nand more buns.\n\nIf the northern giant mouse lemur\n\nwere scaled up to human size,\n\nits testicles would be as\n\nbig as grapefruit.\n\nThe world's smallest lemur\n\nand the world's smallest chameleon\n\nlive on the same island.\n\n* * *\n\nThe word\n\n'Nile' means 'river',\n\nso River Nile means\n\n'River River'.\n\nEas Fors\n\nwaterfall on the\n\nIsle of Mull means\n\n'Waterfall Waterfall'\n\nwaterfall.\n\nTorpenhow\n\nin Cumbria means\n\n'Hillhillhill'.\n\nThe Atlas Mountains,\n\nthe Appalachians and the\n\nScottish Highlands were\n\nonce all part of the same\n\nmountain range.\n\n* * *\n\nCompasses don't work\n\non the highest mountain\n\nin Mauritania.\n\nThe highest point\n\nof Canada was only\n\ndetermined\n\nin 1992.\n\nIn 1787,\n\nthe top of Mont Blanc\n\nwas removed and is now\n\nin a museum in the\n\nNetherlands.\n\nWhen Edmund Hillary\n\ngot to the top of Everest\n\nhe celebrated by peeing.\n\n* * *\n\nThe largest and most distant\n\nbody of water so far discovered\n\nis 30 billion trillion miles away,\n\nwith 140 trillion times more\n\nwater than Earth.\n\nThe distance travelled by\n\nyour blood every day is equivalent\n\nto half the Earth's circumference.\n\nThe volume of urine created\n\nby the world's population in a year\n\nis almost identical to the UK's\n\nannual water usage.\n\nIn 2006,\n\nthe words 'cyclists dismount'\n\non a road sign near Cardiff were\n\nmistranslated into Welsh as\n\n'bladder inflammation upset'.\n\n* * *\n\nThe time spent\n\nwaiting for a bus\n\nfeels shorter if you wait\n\nin an area full\n\nof trees.\n\nThe first\n\nLondon bus routes\n\nweren't numbered but\n\ncolour-coded.\n\nIn the 1840s,\n\nLondon bus drivers had\n\nstraps attached to their arms\n\nthat you tugged when you\n\nwanted to get off.\n\nThe Maori word\n\nfor London is\n\n_Ranana._\n\n* * *\n\n_Texas_ is\n\nNorwegian slang for\n\n'crazy'.\n\nThe Norwegian version\n\nof the Mr Men book _Mr Bump_\n\nis called _Herr Dumpidump._\n\nEvery year,\n\nthousands of Norwegian children\n\nare sent to fake refugee camps\n\nso they can experience\n\nwhat it's like.\n\nDr Seuss\n\nwrote a film that was banned\n\nbecause it predicted the\n\nManhattan Project.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1964, the US\n\nset off nuclear bombs\n\nunder Mississippi.\n\nProject Orion\n\nwas a plan to use\n\nnuclear weapons to\n\npower spacecraft.\n\nIt's theoretically safe\n\nto swim in a pool used to\n\nstore spent nuclear fuel,\n\nas long as you stay\n\nnear the surface.\n\nAmerica's\n\nnuclear weapons\n\nare still controlled\n\nby floppy discs.\n\n* * *\n\nSpace-time\n\nis a billion billion billion\n\ntimes stiffer than steel.\n\nIt would take\n\n136 billion sheets of A4\n\nto print out the Internet.\n\nSmartphone users\n\ntouch their phone\n\n2,617 times a day.\n\nComputers\n\ncannot generate\n\nrandom numbers.\n\n* * *\n\nManta rays\n\nare the only fish that\n\ncan recognise themselves\n\nin a mirror.\n\nThe bristlemouth fish\n\nis the most common\n\nvertebrate on\n\nthe planet.\n\nThe genitals of\n\nthe male priapiumfish\n\nare under its\n\nchin.\n\nStarfish\n\ncan regrow a\n\nwhole new body from\n\na single arm.\n\n* * *\n\nAn injured\n\nmoon jellyfish grows\n\nnew tissue to remain\n\nsymmetrical.\n\nIf a bald eagle\n\nloses a feather on one wing,\n\nit sheds the same feather on the other\n\nto maintain balance.\n\nShuttlecocks used in\n\nprofessional badminton are made\n\nof feathers from the left wing of a goose.\n\nFeathers from the right wing\n\nmake them spin the\n\nwrong way.\n\nIt is illegal in the US\n\nto pick up and keep\n\nbird feathers.\n\n* * *\n\nOrthodox Jewish couples\n\nabstain from sex on Christmas Eve.\n\nRabbis used to advise them to\n\npass the time tearing\n\ntoilet paper instead.\n\n1 in 3 children\n\npretend to believe in Santa Claus\n\nto keep their parents happy.\n\nChristmas presents in Greece\n\naren't delivered by Father Christmas\n\nbut by Saint Basil.\n\nSaint Philip Neri,\n\n'The Humorous Saint',\n\nonce shaved off half his beard\n\nand always wore a cushion\n\non his head.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1567,\n\nthe man with the\n\nworld's longest-ever beard\n\nbroke his neck and died\n\nafter tripping over it.\n\nJerome Bonaparte,\n\nthe last of Napoleon's descendants\n\nin America, died after tripping\n\nover his dog's lead.\n\nDog-owners who pretend\n\nnot to see their dog defecating are\n\nemploying what sociologists call\n\n'strategic non-knowledge'.\n\nPrince Rupert of the Rhine\n\ntrained his dog to urinate when\n\nit heard the enemy's name.\n\n* * *\n\nDogs and cats\n\nare 25% more likely\n\nto get injured or sick\n\nduring a full moon.\n\nCharles Cruft\n\nalso founded a cat show,\n\nbut it didn't\n\ncatch on.\n\nDuring the\n\nSecond World War,\n\nit was illegal to feed\n\nmilk to cats.\n\nNinjas used the\n\ndilation of a cat's pupils\n\nto tell the time.\n\n* * *\n\nThere is no word for 'time'\n\nin any Aboriginal language.\n\nThe ability to emit light\n\nhas evolved independently\n\nat least 50 times in the\n\nanimal kingdom.\n\nFalling into a\n\nblack hole would\n\nturn you into\n\na hologram.\n\nA person\n\nwho was invisible\n\nwouldn't be able to\n\nsee anything.\n\n* * *\n\nTo cure blindness,\n\nancient Egyptians poured\n\nmashed-up pig's eye into\n\nthe patient's ear.\n\nThe earliest known\n\ntreatment for deafness was\n\nto fill the ears with a concoction\n\nof olive oil, red lead, ant's eggs,\n\nbat's wings and goat's urine.\n\nThe first prosthesis,\n\nfound on a 3,000-year-old\n\nEgyptian mummy,\n\nwas a toe.\n\nWith their eyes shut,\n\nmost people can't tell\n\nwhich of their toes\n\nis being prodded.\n\n* * *\n\n_Anomia_\n\nis the inability\n\nto remember\n\nnames.\n\nNelson Mandela's\n\nreal first name was Rolihlahla,\n\nwhich means 'trouble-maker'\n\nin Xhosa.\n\nMax Factor's\n\nreal name was\n\nMaksymilian Faktorowicz.\n\nNames of\n\n16th-century lipsticks include\n\nApe's Laugh, Smoked Ox\n\nand Dying Monkey.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world's\n\nlongest treadmill\n\nwas built for\n\nwolves.\n\nAustralian sheep\n\nhave been bred so large\n\nthat farmers can't\n\nshear them.\n\nThe Big Sheep is\n\nthe top tourist attraction\n\nin Devon.\n\nDescartes believed that a\n\ndrum made of sheep skin would\n\nstay quiet if struck at the same time\n\nas a drum made of wolf skin because,\n\neven in death, the sheep would\n\nbe afraid of the wolf.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first dog\n\nto play Lassie was\n\ncalled Pal.\n\nThe first\n\nEnglish teacher in Japan\n\nwas called Ranald MacDonald.\n\nThe first\n\nice cream on a stick\n\nwas called the Jolly Boy Sucker.\n\nThe third\n\nmost popular\n\nice cream van jingle is\n\nthe _Match of the Day_ theme.\n\n* * *\n\nIce cream is\n\nsolid, liquid and gas\n\nall at the same time.\n\nThe earliest known\n\nice cream recipe recommends\n\nflavouring it with\n\nwhale faeces.\n\nThe earliest known\n\nbook of manners advises:\n\n'Do not attack your enemy\n\nwhile he is squatting\n\nto defecate.'\n\nThe ink from\n\na lasered-off tattoo\n\nis later excreted\n\nby the wearer.\n\n* * *\n\nGunmen in\n\nthe Wild West didn't wear\n\nholsters on their thighs,\n\nor call themselves\n\n'gunslingers'.\n\nJeans were first worn by\n\nGenoan fishermen because\n\nthey were easy to take off\n\nif they fell overboard.\n\nThe ancient Romans\n\nconsidered wearing trousers\n\nthe mark of a barbarian.\n\nWhen the Romans\n\nfirst arrived in Britain,\n\nthey found the British uncouth\n\nbecause they had so many\n\ntattoos.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Maoris\n\narrived in New Zealand\n\nin 1300.\n\nNew Zealand's\n\nNinety Mile Beach\n\nis 55 miles long.\n\n1 in 100 Kiwis\n\nare allergic to\n\nkiwis.\n\nOnly 15% of the\n\npopulation of Qatar are\n\nQatari.\n\n* * *\n\nFungi\n\nare responsible for\n\nmore deaths than malaria\n\nand tuberculosis\n\ncombined.\n\nTuberculosis\n\nwas brought to\n\nNorth America\n\nby seals.\n\nThere is an ethnic group\n\nin central India in which\n\nnobody ever suffers\n\nfrom back pain.\n\nA group of\n\ngiraffes is called\n\na tower.\n\n* * *\n\nThe maximum height\n\nfor cabin crew in the first\n\ntiny Ryanair planes was 5' 2\" \u2013\n\nthe same as the current minimum.\n\nThe first time aeroplanes\n\nwere used by British police was\n\nin the search for Agatha Christie\n\nwhen she went missing in 1926.\n\nSherlock Holmes cases not\n\nwritten up by Watson include\n\n'A Full Account of Ricoletti of the\n\nClub Foot and his Abominable Wife'\n\nand 'The Politician, the Lighthouse\n\nand the Trained Cormorant'.\n\nJack London, Hugh Walpole\n\nand P. G. Wodehouse were all\n\npublished by Mills & Boon.\n\n* * *\n\nJohn le Carr\u00e9's father\n\nonce seduced a woman\n\non a night train by\n\nclaiming to be\n\nJohn le Carr\u00e9.\n\nEvelyn Waugh's\n\nfirst wife's name was Evelyn.\n\nThey were known as He-Evelyn\n\nand She-Evelyn.\n\nHitler wrote a sequel to _Mein Kampf_\n\nbut never published it in case\n\nit affected the sales of\n\nthe original.\n\nHitler's\n\nsister-in-law Bridget\n\nwrote a memoir called\n\n_My Brother-in-Law Adolf._\n\n* * *\n\nDuring the Second World War,\n\nthe Allies considered dropping glue\n\nonto Nazi troops to make them\n\nstick to the ground.\n\nThe Nazis\n\ndidn't call themselves Nazis\n\nbecause _Nazi_ is German slang\n\nfor 'country bumpkin'.\n\nBritish sailors in\n\nthe Second World War\n\nwore tattoos of pigs and roosters\n\nto protect against drowning.\n\nIn the first two years\n\nof the First World War,\n\na soldier who broke a leg\n\nhad an 80% chance\n\nof dying.\n\n* * *\n\n901 British babies\n\nborn in the First World War\n\nwere christened Verdun,\n\n71 were called Ypres\n\nand there were\n\n15 Sommes.\n\nThe town of Ypres in Belgium\n\nhas a cat festival to commemorate\n\ntheir former sport of tossing\n\ncats from the bell tower.\n\nUntil 1993,\n\nthe location of the\n\nPost Office Tower was\n\na national secret.\n\nGustav Eiffel\n\ndidn't design the\n\nEiffel Tower.\n\n* * *\n\nNewton's Cradle\n\nwas invented by\n\nFrench physicist\n\nEdme Mariotte.\n\nAmerican inventor\n\nBuckminster Fuller\n\nslept for just two\n\nhours a night.\n\nThomas Edison\n\nand Henry Ford\n\nwent on road trips\n\ntogether.\n\nLeonardo da Vinci\n\ndesigned chairs made of cake,\n\na giant whisk as tall as a giraffe,\n\nand a horse-powered\n\nnutcracker.\n\n* * *\n\n'Generator' was\n\na name Crimean politicians\n\nasked people to call their sons\n\nin 2015 to bring attention to\n\nthe country's power crisis.\n\n'Ruperts'\n\nwere dummy parachutists\n\ndropped as decoys\n\non D-Day.\n\nIn 2013,\n\n37 British babies were named Loki,\n\nafter the Norse god\n\nof mischief.\n\nIn 2013,\n\nGary was a less popular\n\nbaby name in the UK than\n\neither Loki or Thor.\n\n* * *\n\nBluetooth is\n\nnamed after Harald Bluetooth,\n\nthe Viking king who united\n\nNorway and Denmark.\n\nThe anti-spam industry\n\nis worth more than\n\nthe spam industry.\n\nSelfies\n\nkill more people\n\nthan sharks.\n\nYoung British adults\n\nrate an Internet connection\n\nas more important\n\nthan daylight.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first email\n\nhad to be printed out\n\nto be read.\n\nEmails in\n\nthe Vatican are called\n\n_inscriptio cursus electronici._\n\n_Hydrangea serratifolia_\n\nmeans 'with serrated leaves'.\n\nIt actually has smooth leaves but\n\nthe original sample had\n\nbeen nibbled.\n\n_Lichen aromaticus_\n\nhas no aroma but the\n\noriginal specimen arrived in\n\na perfumed envelope.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the 16th century,\n\nyou could buy perfumed\n\n'sweet gloves' to offset the fact\n\nthat glove leather was softened\n\nby being steeped\n\nin dog poo.\n\nCatherine de' Medici\n\nused poisoned gloves\n\nto kill her enemies.\n\nThe golden dart frog,\n\nthe world's most toxic amphibian,\n\ncan't produce poison if\n\nborn in captivity\n\nThe toxic ribs of\n\nSpanish ribbed newts\n\nburst out of their sides\n\nto stab predators.\n\n* * *\n\nA gram of\n\nscorpion poison\n\ncosts \u00a3415.\n\nScorpions\n\ncan have 12 eyes.\n\nAntimatter\n\ncosts \u00a317 billion\n\nper gram.\n\nThere are 568\n\nbillionaires\n\nin China.\n\n* * *\n\nChina used more cement\n\nbetween 2011 and 2013 than\n\nthe US did in the entire\n\n20th century.\n\nIn the 19th century,\n\npeople with 'cement delusion'\n\nbelieved they were made of\n\ncement.\n\nCharles VII of France\n\nthought he was made of glass\n\nand wrapped himself in blankets\n\nto prevent his buttocks\n\nshattering.\n\nThe carbon dioxide in\n\na bottle of champagne would\n\nfill six bottles if stored\n\nat normal pressure.\n\n* * *\n\nMore Guinness\n\nis drunk in Nigeria\n\nthan in Ireland.\n\n10 million\n\nglasses of Guinness\n\nare sold every day.\n\nThe apostrophe after\n\nthe letter 'O' in Irish names was\n\nadded by the British, who thought it\n\nneeded a link to the rest of the name.\n\nMany Irish speakers\n\nrefuse to use it.\n\nThe area round Dublin under\n\nBritish rule was called the Pale,\n\nhence the expression\n\n'beyond the pale'.\n\n* * *\n\nA 'swearing consultant'\n\nwas hired for the BBC sitcom\n\n_The Thick of It._\n\nIn 2014, US naturalist Paul Rosalie\n\nwent on the TV show _Eaten Alive_\n\nto be swallowed by an anaconda,\n\nbut bailed out the moment the\n\nsnake attached its jaws\n\nto his helmet.\n\nThe BBC's\n\nmost popular export is\n\n_Keeping Up Appearances._\n\nNine of the top 10\n\nhighest-rated TV programmes\n\nin Portuguese history were\n\nfootball matches.\n\n* * *\n\nF. Scott Fitzgerald\n\ninvented the idea of\n\noffensive and defensive teams\n\nin American football.\n\nOne in every 900 men\n\nfrom American Samoa play in\n\nthe National Football League.\n\nThe crowd at\n\nSeattle Seahawks games is\n\nso loud that the US Geological Survey\n\nuses the vibrations to calibrate\n\nits seismographs.\n\nUS cities with teams\n\nthat reach the Super Bowl\n\nsuffer an 18% increase\n\nin deaths from flu.\n\n* * *\n\nNo Creek, Kentucky,\n\nacquired its name after a\n\nsurveyor was overheard saying,\n\n'Why, that's no creek at all.'\n\nTruth or Consequences, New Mexico,\n\nchanged its name from Hot Springs\n\nto get the radio quiz show\n\n_Truth or Consequences_\n\nto record there.\n\nWhorehouse Meadow in Oregon was\n\nrenamed Naughty Girl Meadow in the 1960s\n\nbut was changed back again by\n\npublic demand.\n\nYakutat, Alaska,\n\nis six times the size of the\n\nstate of Rhode Island but only\n\nhas a population of 662.\n\n* * *\n\nYuma, Arizona, is\n\nthe sunniest place in the world:\n\non any given day there is a\n\n90% chance of sunshine.\n\n92% of pop songs\n\nthat mention the Sun\n\nare in a major key.\n\nThe 1956 edition of\n\n_Encyclopaedia Britannica_\n\ndescribed rock 'n' roll as\n\n'insistent savagery'.\n\nNames of\n\nJapanese rock bands include\n\nSeagull Screaming Kiss Her Kiss Her,\n\nMass of the Fermenting Dregs\n\nand Abingdon Boys School.\n\n* * *\n\nA Japanese person\n\nwho moves to America\n\ndoubles their chances of\n\nfatal heart disease.\n\nUntil the 20th century,\n\na hangover meant\n\n'unfinished\n\nbusiness'.\n\nDrinking\n\nwater hardly helps\n\nhangovers at all.\n\nEvery time\n\nAlfred Hitchcock\n\ndrank a cup of tea,\n\nhe smashed the teacup.\n\n* * *\n\nHitchcock bought up\n\nall the copies of the novel\n\n_Psycho_ so people wouldn't\n\nfind out the ending.\n\nHarper Lee's friends\n\ngave her a year's wages\n\nfor Christmas 1956 so she\n\ncould take time off to finish\n\n_To Kill a Mockingbird._\n\nTerry Pratchett\n\nhad 10 honorary doctorates\n\nand was an honorary Brownie.\n\nAfter he was knighted,\n\nSir Terry Pratchett made\n\nhis own sword out of\n\nmeteorites.\n\n* * *\n\nFinnish students carry\n\na doctoral sword to their\n\ngraduation ceremony.\n\nEvery evening at 10 p.m.,\n\nit's a tradition for Swedish\n\nstudents to open their windows\n\nand start screaming.\n\nThe 1912 Stockholm Olympics\n\nwas the last time the gold medals\n\nwere made from pure gold.\n\nIf Sweden plays Denmark,\n\nit's abbreviated to SWE\u2013DEN;\n\nthe remaining letters spell\n\nDEN\u2013MARK.\n\n* * *\n\nThough Denmark is\n\nthe world's least corrupt country,\n\n12% of Danes know someone\n\nwho's taken a bribe.\n\nIn Copenhagen,\n\nthere are more bicycles\n\nthan people.\n\nThe Tricycle Union\n\nwas founded in 1882 to\n\ndistance tricyclists from bicyclists,\n\nwho were considered\n\ndisgraceful.\n\nThe first motorcycles\n\nwere built in the 1860s\n\nand were powered\n\nby steam.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen Evel Knievel\n\nstarred in the 1977 film\n\n_Viva Knievel!_ he used\n\na stunt double.\n\nEvel Knievel\n\nholds the world record\n\nfor most bones broken\n\nin a lifetime\n\n(433).\n\nA Japanese motorcycle\n\nthat runs on animal dung\n\nhas a toilet-shaped seat.\n\nIn Japan,\n\nnightingale droppings\n\nare used as a\n\nface cream.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2008,\n\nJapan and Britain\n\n(without mentioning the war)\n\nofficially celebrated 150 years\n\nof friendly relations.\n\nDuring the Second World War,\n\nexperts claimed to be able to\n\nidentify pigeons with a\n\nGerman accent.\n\nIn 2013,\n\na kestrel was arrested in Turkey\n\non suspicion of spying\n\nfor Israel.\n\nIt takes between 60 and 80\n\nintelligence agents to monitor\n\na single terrorist suspect\n\nround the clock.\n\n* * *\n\nThe UK and Iran are the\n\nonly countries in the world to\n\nhave unelected clerics sitting\n\nin the legislature.\n\nWhen James Keir Hardie,\n\nBritain's first socialist MP,\n\narrived at Parliament in 1892,\n\na police officer thought he was\n\nthere to mend the roof.\n\nBetween 2010 and 2015,\n\nBritish MPs drank 625,464\n\ncans and bottles of Coke, and\n\nate 659,470 chocolate bars.\n\nSir Kenelm Digby,\n\ninventor of the modern wine bottle,\n\nwas a pirate whose father had tried to\n\nblow up the Houses of Parliament.\n\n* * *\n\nDrinking one glass of wine\n\nmakes you more attractive;\n\ndrinking a second undoes\n\nall the good work.\n\nPeople pour\n\n9% more white wine\n\ninto a glass\n\nthan red.\n\nYou'd need to do 60 squats\n\nto offset the weight gain\n\ncaused by a large glass\n\nof red wine.\n\nIn 16th-century Italy,\n\n'corked' wine was thought to\n\nhave been spoiled by\n\na witch's urine.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Soviet\n\n588th Night Bomber regiment\n\nwas an all-female squadron\n\nknown by the Germans\n\nas the 'Night Witches'.\n\nIn 1946,\n\nSergei Pavlovich Korolev\n\nbecame the chief designer of\n\nthe Soviet missile programme.\n\nSix years earlier, he had been\n\nin a Gulag expecting to die.\n\nThe original 'flying saucers',\n\nreported in 1947, were shaped\n\nlike boomerangs.\n\nUFOs in the\n\nLarge Hadron Collider are\n\n'Unidentified Falling Objects'.\n\n* * *\n\nIn April 2016,\n\nthe Large Hadron Collider\n\nwas shut down after a\n\nweasel fell into it.\n\nWalruses\n\nsuffer from\n\ndandruff.\n\nPorcupines\n\neat canoe paddles.\n\nBalsa wood\n\nis mothproof.\n\n* * *\n\n85 million years\n\nbefore butterflies existed,\n\nthere was another insect that\n\nlooked and acted exactly\n\nlike a butterfly.\n\nIn the early 1700s,\n\nLady Eleanor Glanville was\n\ndeclared insane because she liked\n\ncollecting butterflies.\n\nBoth Saturn\n\nand Jupiter began\n\nas collections\n\nof pebbles.\n\nSome archaeologists think\n\nthe erection of Stonehenge was\n\nprimarily a team-building exercise.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2015, a 10-year scientific study\n\nconcluded that punching glass\n\nis dangerous.\n\nIn 2014, two scientific journals\n\naccepted a nonsense paper from a\n\nmade-up university co-authored\n\nby 'Maggie Simpson'.\n\nA scientific paper looking into\n\nthe spells of Harry Potter concluded\n\nthey would need magic to work.\n\nThe more people\n\nbelieve in witchcraft,\n\nthe less they tend to give\n\nto charity.\n\n* * *\n\nThe Bank of England\n\nonly owns two\n\ngold bars.\n\nMalaysian athletes who\n\nwin an Olympic gold medal\n\nare also awarded a\n\nsolid gold bar.\n\nUS coins\n\nlast 20 times as long\n\nas dollar bills.\n\nA one-tiyin coin\n\nin Uzbekistan is worth\n\none three-thousandth\n\nof 1p.\n\n* * *\n\nEcstasy, cocaine and heroin\n\nare all more expensive\n\nthan gold.\n\nAs a penniless\n\nyoung actor in a tiny bedsit,\n\nNigel Hawthorne survived\n\nmainly on sultanas.\n\nJimmy Stewart was\n\na brigadier general in\n\nthe US Air Force.\n\nJ. B. Priestley claimed\n\nGeorge Bernard Shaw disliked\n\nthe Grand Canyon because it was\n\nmore important than he was.\n\n* * *\n\nA peacock's tail\n\nis 60% of its entire\n\nweight.\n\nDunnocks copulate\n\n100 times a day, for a\n\ntenth of a second\n\nat a time.\n\nHarris hawks\n\nstand on each other's shoulders\n\nto get a better view.\n\nRavens get stoned\n\nby rubbing chewed-up\n\nants on their\n\nfeathers.\n\n* * *\n\nDrugs are\n\nsmuggled into prison by\n\nstuffing them into dead birds\n\nand hitting them over the fence\n\nwith a tennis racket.\n\nIn China,\n\nit is illegal to\n\npost erotic banana\n\nvideos online.\n\nHumans can be\n\naroused by touching\n\na robot's genitals.\n\n30% of objects\n\nleft in hotel rooms\n\nare sex toys.\n\n* * *\n\nThe happiest couples\n\nare those who have sex\n\nonce a week.\n\nA 'nookie-bookie'\n\nis a pimp or madam.\n\n_Star Trek_ almost failed\n\nto get a commission because\n\nthe pilot was too erotic.\n\nFormer England rugby captain\n\nPhil Vickery is a qualified\n\ncattle inseminator.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are tunnels under\n\nNew York that were once used\n\nto transport cattle to\n\nslaughterhouses.\n\nSouth African cows\n\nwear reflective earrings\n\nat night to make them\n\nvisible to drivers.\n\nIn 2010,\n\na Bulgarian councillor was\n\nsacked for milking virtual cows\n\non the gaming app FarmVille\n\nduring budget meetings.\n\nIn the 18th century,\n\npeople washed their faces\n\nand polished their shoes\n\nwith asses' milk.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world's heaviest\n\nnewborn baby weighed\n\n22 lb 8 oz.\n\nNewborn babies\n\nhave accents.\n\nFirst-born children tend to be\n\ntaller, fatter, more allergy-prone,\n\nmore cautious and have a higher IQ\n\nthan their younger siblings.\n\nUkrainians\n\nare 13 times more likely\n\nto die of heart disease\n\nthan the Japanese.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the 1966 World Cup,\n\nthe Brazilians drank so much coffee\n\nthey were worried they would\n\nbe banned for doping.\n\nIn the 2014 World Cup,\n\nEcuadorean Enner Valencia\n\nwas on the ground feigning injury\n\nfour seconds after kick-off.\n\nBefore penalty shoot-outs,\n\nArgentinian goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea\n\nwould urinate on the pitch\n\nfor good luck.\n\nTo distinguish\n\nthe two sides at the first\n\nUS college football game in 1869,\n\nthe home team wore\n\nturbans.\n\n* * *\n\nSan Marino's\n\nnational football team\n\nhas only ever won\n\none match.\n\nIn 1947,\n\nEnglish footballers' salaries\n\nwere capped at \u00a312 a week.\n\nAn 18th-century\n\ntradesman or clerk\n\ntook a year to earn what\n\na prostitute could make\n\nin a month.\n\nMore than a billion people\n\nin the modern world live\n\non no more than\n\n$1 a day.\n\n* * *\n\nOne in a million people\n\nhave four kidneys, but\n\nmost of them don't\n\nknow they do.\n\nThe word\n\n'anticipation'\n\nonce meant money paid\n\nas an advance\n\non salary.\n\n1 in 16 of the\n\nwords you encounter\n\nevery day is\n\n'the'.\n\nThe word 'ushers'\n\ncontains five pronouns:\n\nus, she, he, her and hers.\n\n* * *\n\n'Hurkle-durkle' is a Scottish word\n\nmeaning to lounge around when\n\nyou should be up and about.\n\nThe word 'wow'\n\nwas popular in Scotland\n\nfor 400 years before it caught on\n\nin the rest of the English-\n\nspeaking world.\n\nTransposing 'a' for 'z',\n\n'b' for 'y' and so on\n\nin the word 'wizard'\n\nproduces 'draziw'.\n\nAt the 2011\n\nWorld Scrabble Championship,\n\none player demanded another be\n\nstrip-searched after a letter\n\n'G' went missing.\n\n* * *\n\nScrabble's inventor\n\nassigned values to letters\n\nby counting their frequencies\n\nin the _New York Times._\n\nThe word 'era' is a solution in\n\nthe _New York Times_ crossword\n\nabout 20 times a year.\n\nThe New York City\n\nPolice Department\n\nhas 1.2 million open\n\narrest warrants.\n\nPinball is illegal\n\nin Beacon, New York.\n\n* * *\n\nNew York\n\nwas originally called\n\nNew Angoul\u00eame.\n\n'Manhattan'\n\nis from the Algonquian\n\n_manahachtanienk_ , meaning\n\n'the place we all got drunk'.\n\n20% of\n\nlicensed attorneys\n\nin the US have a\n\ndrinking problem.\n\nAncient Egyptians\n\nhad slaves who cooled\n\ntheir wine with fans.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first domestic fridge\n\nwas invented by a monk to\n\nchill the monastery wine.\n\nEinstein\n\npatented a fridge.\n\nYoda\n\nwas based on\n\nEinstein.\n\nWhen Einstein solved\n\nthe problem of Mercury's orbit,\n\nhe had heart palpitations\n\nand couldn't work\n\nfor three days.\n\n* * *\n\nNeptune was discovered\n\nwithin an hour of astronomers\n\nstarting to look for it.\n\nSaturn's moons\n\nhave volcanoes that\n\nerupt ice.\n\nIn the last 20 years,\n\namateur stargazers have\n\ndiscovered more comets than\n\nall the astronomers in\n\nhistory combined.\n\nAnyone\n\ncan submit a name\n\nfor a new planet.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the 19th century,\n\nthere were multiple sightings of\n\na non-existent planet\n\ncalled Vulcan.\n\nNASA's\n\nVehicle Assembly Building\n\nis so big it has its\n\nown weather.\n\nApollo 13 nearly\n\ncrashed on take-off but\n\na second malfunction fixed\n\nthe first malfunction.\n\nBecause its terrain is\n\nso similar to the Moon,\n\nApollo astronauts trained\n\nin Iceland.\n\n* * *\n\nBeer was illegal in Iceland\n\nuntil 1989.\n\nIn 1783,\n\nthe eruption of\n\nan Icelandic volcano\n\ncaused a deadly fog in\n\nBritain that killed\n\n20,000 people.\n\nIn 1874,\n\nplans were drawn up\n\nto take corpses from all over\n\nEurope and cremate them\n\nin Vesuvius.\n\nA taxidermist\n\nin Inverness-shire\n\nmakes sporrans from\n\nroadkill.\n\n* * *\n\n121 bell-ringers\n\nwere killed by lightning in\n\nGermany between 1750 and 1783,\n\ndue to a belief that church bells\n\ndrove away storms.\n\nThe 7th time\n\npark ranger Roy Sullivan\n\nwas struck by lightning\n\nhappened shortly after\n\nthe 22nd time he'd\n\nhad to fight off\n\na bear with\n\nhis stick.\n\nFlorida has\n\nmore bear-hunters than bears.\n\nMore people are killed by\n\nteddy bears than by grizzly bears.\n\n* * *\n\nA 'bugbear'\n\nwas a hobgoblin\n\nin the shape of a bear.\n\nYou can\n\nbe allergic\n\nto your own sweat.\n\nThe man who\n\ndiscovered why we sweat\n\ndid so by getting into a sauna\n\nwith a dog, a steak\n\nand an egg.\n\nThe man who\n\ndiscovered the source of the Nile\n\naccidentally shot himself with a rifle\n\nwhile climbing over a stile.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first westerner\n\nto attempt to find Timbuktu died\n\nafter trying to cure an attack\n\nof vomiting by drinking\n\nsulphuric acid.\n\nFamilies in Timbuktu\n\ndescended from the Moors\n\nexpelled from Granada in 1492\n\nstill have the keys to\n\ntheir former homes.\n\nThe name Timbuktu\n\ncomes from a word meaning\n\n'woman with a sticking-out\n\nbelly button'.\n\nMexico Tenochtitlan,\n\nthe name of the Aztecs' capital,\n\nmeans 'Navel of the Universe'.\n\n* * *\n\nThere is a\n\nspecies of leech\n\nthat lives in the rectums\n\nof hippopotamuses.\n\n_Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia_\n\nis an invented word meaning\n\n'the fear of long words'.\n\nThe longest word in Bulgarian\n\nmeans 'do not perform actions\n\nagainst the constitution'.\n\n'Semantic satiation'\n\nis repeating a word so often\n\nit sounds like nonsense.\n\n* * *\n\nThe word 'bride' is\n\nfrom an ancient root meaning\n\n'to brew or make broth'.\n\nA wedding of\n\n100 guests at 10 tables\n\nhas 65 trillion trillion trillion\n\ntrillion trillion trillion trillion\n\nseating possibilities.\n\nFrom 1489 to 1493,\n\nLeonardo da Vinci was a\n\nwedding planner.\n\nWhen women ovulate,\n\ntheir faces get slightly redder,\n\nbut most men don't notice.\n\n* * *\n\nThe thinnest skin\n\non the human body is\n\non the eyelids.\n\nFish-scaled geckos\n\nescape predators by\n\nliterally jumping\n\nout of their skins.\n\nThe Palmato gecko\n\ndrinks water off\n\nits own eyeballs.\n\nSharks don't drink at all;\n\nthey absorb seawater\n\nthrough their gills.\n\n* * *\n\nFemale sharks\n\ncan store sperm in their bodies\n\nfor four years before using it.\n\nThe smallest shark\n\nis less than 10 inches long\n\nand glows in the dark.\n\nCockroaches\n\ncan see in the dark.\n\nFrogs can\n\nmake their skin darker to\n\nmatch their surroundings, but\n\nit takes about two hours.\n\n* * *\n\nMurderous frogs featured\n\non Victorian Christmas cards,\n\nalong with children being\n\nboiled in teapots and\n\nmice riding\n\nlobsters.\n\nMexico has a festival\n\nwhere Nativity scenes\n\nare carved out of radishes;\n\nin 2014, they used 12 tons of them.\n\nIn 1494, Piero de' Medici\n\ncommissioned Michelangelo\n\nto sculpt him a snowman.\n\nThe fake snow in\n\n_The Wizard of Oz_ and\n\n_White Christmas_ was\n\nmade of asbestos.\n\n* * *\n\nLondon City Airport confiscates\n\n150 souvenir snow globes from\n\npassengers every year.\n\n_Wonderpedia_ magazine was\n\npulled from airport shops after it ran\n\nan article on how to build weapons\n\nfrom things available in airports.\n\nFlights from\n\nJFK Airport in New York are\n\nsometimes delayed so that\n\nturtles can be moved\n\noff the runways.\n\nVancouver Airport\n\nhas a bathroom\n\nfor dogs.\n\n* * *\n\nVanuatu's\n\nnational anthem is\n\n'Yumi! Yumi! Yumi!'\n\nAlgeria's national anthem\n\nincludes the line 'Oh France,\n\nthe day of reckoning\n\nis at hand.'\n\nWestern Sahara's national anthem\n\nurges its people to 'cut off\n\nthe head of the invader'.\n\nFrom 1919 to 1948,\n\nKorea's national anthem\n\nwas sung to the tune of\n\n'Auld Lang Syne'.\n\n* * *\n\nJapanese department stores\n\nplay 'Auld Lang Syne'\n\nto tell shoppers it's\n\nclosing time.\n\nIt is illegal in Japan\n\nto make a human pyramid\n\nmore than five tiers high.\n\nBy the end of\n\nthe 19th century,\n\nmost Samurai had\n\ndesk jobs.\n\n46% of Japan's population hide\n\nwhen someone rings\n\nthe doorbell.\n\n* * *\n\nA gram of silver\n\ncan be extruded into a wire\n\nover a mile long.\n\nThe weight of\n\nGreenland's ice sheet\n\nhas made the country\n\nbowl-shaped.\n\nNitrogen tri-iodide\n\nis so volatile that it will\n\nexplode if a mosquito\n\nlands on it.\n\nAn 'Insect of the Month' calendar\n\nwouldn't have to repeat a species\n\nfor more than 80,000 years.\n\n* * *\n\nBritish wasps\n\neat 14 million kilos of\n\nBritish insects\n\nevery year.\n\nWhen it gets hot,\n\nbees squirt water\n\nat each other.\n\nThe bombardier beetle\n\ndefends itself by shooting a\n\nnoxious mixture of boiling chemicals\n\nout of its bottom.\n\nOnly 10%\n\nof dung beetles\n\nroll dung.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world's first\n\nflying subterranean insect was\n\ndiscovered in Croatia\n\nin 2016.\n\nThe world's first\n\nrobot pizza-delivery service\n\nopened in Brisbane\n\nin 2016.\n\nThe first use of the\n\nword 'snowmageddon' was in a\n\npress release that went on to\n\napologise for\n\nusing it.\n\nThe world's first\n\ntornado forecast took\n\nplace in 1948.\n\n* * *\n\nUS weather forecasters\n\nwere forbidden to mention\n\ntornadoes between\n\n1887 and 1950.\n\nThe World Health Organization's\n\nguidelines for avoiding Middle East\n\nRespiratory Syndrome (MERS)\n\ninclude not drinking\n\ncamel urine.\n\nThe froth\n\nfrom a camel's mouth\n\nwas once used as a\n\ncontraceptive.\n\nAncient Egyptians\n\nused onion juice as a\n\ncontraceptive.\n\n* * *\n\nIn ancient Japan,\n\ncondoms were made\n\nfrom tortoise shells\n\nor animal horns.\n\nIn Venezuela,\n\ncondoms cost more\n\nthan $20 each.\n\nGoogle searches for\n\n'How to put on a condom'\n\npeak at 10.28 p.m.\n\nRetired Google engineer\n\nChade-Meng Tan had the\n\nofficial job title 'Jolly Good Fellow\n\n(Which nobody can deny)'.\n\n* * *\n\nLord Byron's nickname\n\nfor William Wordsworth\n\nwas William Turdsworth.\n\nIn the First World War,\n\nnicknames for tanks included\n\nland creepers, whippets,\n\nwibble-wobbles\n\nand willies.\n\nThe first tank\n\never built was called\n\nLittle Willie.\n\nTanks are\n\nexempt from London's\n\ncongestion charge.\n\n* * *\n\nNASCAR driver Dick Trickle\n\ndrilled a hole in his helmet\n\nso he could smoke\n\nwhile driving.\n\n750,000 tons\n\nof cigarette butts\n\nare dropped on the ground\n\naround the world\n\neach year.\n\nMount Etna\n\nsometimes blows\n\nsmoke rings.\n\nThe 'Door to Hell'\n\nis a crater in Turkmenistan\n\nwhich has been burning\n\nfor more than 40 years.\n\n* * *\n\nColonel Sanders's\n\nfirst restaurant was in\n\nHell's Half Acre, Kentucky.\n\nThe 'Badlands' of\n\nthe Queensland outback\n\nis the second-hottest place\n\non the planet.\n\nAustralians take\n\nfour days off work\n\neach year due to\n\nheat stress.\n\nThere's an\n\nAustralian wasp\n\nwith the scientific name\n\n_Aha ha._\n\n* * *\n\nTowns\n\nin Australia are\n\nplagued by a tumbleweed\n\ncalled Hairy Panic.\n\nThe town\n\nof Spa in Belgium\n\nis where the word\n\n'spa' comes from.\n\nIn the 12th century,\n\nKaifeng, the capital of China, was\n\nhome to a million people.\n\nThe Great Wall of China\n\nwas held together with\n\nsticky rice.\n\n* * *\n\nChinese children\n\nare three inches taller\n\nthan they were\n\n40 years ago.\n\nBabies in Laos\n\nare fed rice that has been\n\npre-chewed by their mothers.\n\nIt's called 'kiss-feeding'.\n\nBaby bats\n\nbabble before they learn\n\nto communicate\n\nproperly.\n\nFemale vampire bats\n\nregurgitate blood to feed\n\nhungry neighbours.\n\n* * *\n\nWatching horror films\n\nmakes your blood\n\nthicken.\n\nIn the movie _Predator_ ,\n\nthe monster's blood was made from\n\nthe inside of a glow-stick\n\nmixed with KY Jelly.\n\nThe film _Poltergeist_\n\nused real human skeletons as props,\n\nbecause they were cheaper\n\nthan plastic ones.\n\n'Morgue hotels' in Japan\n\nstore bodies in their own\n\nair-conditioned rooms until\n\na space at a crematorium\n\nbecomes available.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2016,\n\nprotestors in South Korea\n\ncreated a march made entirely\n\nof holograms.\n\nIn 1831,\n\nprotestors in Merthyr Tydfil\n\nfirst raised the red flag as\n\na symbol of resistance.\n\nIn 1511,\n\nprotestors in Brussels\n\ndemonstrated against the government\n\nby filling the city with dozens of\n\npornographic snowmen.\n\nMen who\n\nwatch a lot of porn\n\nhave smaller-than-average\n\nbrains.\n\n* * *\n\nAncient Egyptian mummies\n\nwere given fake penises\n\nso they could have\n\nsex after death.\n\nIn 2015, a rare Greek papyrus\n\ncontaining the Gospel of John\n\nwas discovered on eBay.\n\nAt the Lost Property Office\n\nin ancient Jerusalem, people shouted\n\nabout the thing they'd lost,\n\nin the hope somebody\n\nelse might have\n\nfound it.\n\nKent Police\n\nno longer accept lost property;\n\ninstead they direct enquiries\n\nto Twitter or Facebook.\n\n* * *\n\nOver 50% of people on Facebook\n\nuse 'haha' if something's funny;\n\nonly 1.9% use 'lol'.\n\nThe most common time for people\n\nto misspell 'Facebook' as 'Facbook'\n\nis 3:08 a.m.\n\nIn 2008,\n\nChile issued 1.5 million\n\n50-peso coins from 'Chiie'.\n\nIt was a year before\n\nanyone noticed.\n\nIn 1992,\n\nthe president of Sri Lanka\n\nchanged the country's name to\n\nShri Lanka for good luck.\n\nHe was assassinated\n\nthe following year.\n\n* * *\n\nThe remote Russian island \u042f\u044f (Ya Ya) was\n\ndiscovered in 2013 by a cargo helicopter.\n\nThe crew shouted '\u042f, \u044f!' \u2013 'Me, me!'\n\n('I saw it first, I saw it first!') \u2013\n\nand the name stuck.\n\nThe westernmost point\n\nof the island of Misima in\n\nPapua New Guinea is called\n\n'Cape Ebola'.\n\nThe only inhabitants of\n\nBig Major Cay island,\n\nthe Bahamas, are\n\nferal pigs.\n\nDuring the mating season,\n\ncrabs on Christmas Island\n\noutnumber humans\n\nby 20,000 to 1.\n\n* * *\n\nBoxing Day\n\nin Scotland\n\nused to be called\n\n'Sweetie Scone Day'.\n\nRed velvet cake was\n\ninvented by a food-colouring\n\nmanufacturer to sell\n\nred food dye.\n\nShoppers are more likely\n\nto buy a banana if it matches\n\nthe Pantone colour 12-0752\n\nknown as 'Buttercup'.\n\nInsect droppings\n\nare turning the\n\nTaj Mahal\n\ngreen.\n\n* * *\n\nHomer describes\n\nhoney as being green,\n\nsheep as being violet\n\nand Hector's hair\n\nas dark blue.\n\nPugs were\n\nthe official dogs of\n\nthe House of Orange.\n\nShort-legged dogs were\n\nbred so that owners on foot\n\ncould keep up with them\n\non hunts.\n\nDogfish are\n\ncalled dogfish because\n\nthey like to hunt in packs.\n\n* * *\n\nErnest Shackleton had dogs called\n\nSlobbers, Saint, Satan, Painful, Swanker,\n\nFluffy, Bummer and Bob.\n\nWhen Shackleton's Antarctic expedition\n\ngot stuck in the ice in 1915, they had to\n\nuse the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_ as\n\ntoilet paper, but the ship's doctor\n\nsaved the entry on scurvy.\n\nWoody Harrelson's\n\nfather was a door-to-door\n\n_Encyclopaedia Britannica_ salesman\n\nbefore becoming a contract killer.\n\n_Scurryfunge_\n\nis the hurried tidying of a house\n\nafter seeing someone about\n\nto arrive at your door.\n\n* * *\n\n_Neidbau_\n\nis German for a\n\nbuilding constructed for the\n\nsole purpose of annoying a neighbour.\n\nAlexander Fleming's neighbours\n\nfoiled a burglary at his house\n\nand were rewarded\n\nwith some of his\n\nspecial mould.\n\nA _smellfungus_\n\nis someone who always\n\nmanages to find fault.\n\nDeodorant makes\n\nmen smell more manly,\n\nbut it doesn't work for men\n\nwho are already manly.\n\n* * *\n\nAnts can smell\n\nthe difference between\n\nfriends and foes.\n\nDolphins\n\ncan't smell\n\nanything at all.\n\nThe four-eyed fish\n\nhas split pupils so it can\n\nsee above and below the water\n\nat the same time.\n\nAfrican tigerfish\n\nare the only fish known\n\nto leap out of the water\n\nand pluck birds\n\nout of the air.\n\n* * *\n\nParrotfish\n\ncoat themselves in\n\nprotective mucous pyjamas\n\nat night and eat them for\n\nbreakfast each morning.\n\nIn the 18th and 19th century,\n\nnightgowns were worn\n\nin the daytime.\n\nIn mid-20th-century America,\n\na negligee was a shroud\n\nfor a corpse.\n\nNobody knows\n\nwhy we sleep.\n\n* * *\n\n_Eosophobia_\n\nis a dread of the dawn.\n\n_Uhtceare_\n\nis an Old English word\n\nfor lying awake before dawn\n\nand worrying.\n\n_Rammist_\n\nis being irritable after\n\nwaking up too early.\n\nYour brain is\n\nat its biggest in the morning\n\nand gradually shrinks as\n\nthe day goes on.\n\n* * *\n\nAn embryo\n\nhas 200 billion\n\nneurons in its brain,\n\nbut loses half of them\n\nbefore it is born.\n\nFrench queens\n\ngave birth in public to prove\n\nthe baby was theirs.\n\nWomen at the court of Louis XVI\n\ndrew blue veins on their necks\n\nand shoulders to emphasise\n\ntheir noble birth.\n\nIn 1764,\n\nthe Palace of Versailles was\n\ndescribed as a cesspool of dead cats,\n\nurine, excrement, slaughtered pigs,\n\nstanding water and mosquitoes.\n\n* * *\n\nThe world's most\n\nexpensive toilet paper is\n\n\u00a3825,000 a roll; it's hand-delivered\n\nwith a bottle of champagne.\n\nWhen the New York Jets\n\nplayed at Wembley in 2015,\n\nthey brought their own toilet paper\n\nas they thought the British stuff\n\nwas too thin.\n\nDogs relieving themselves\n\non streetlights can corrode them\n\nto the point of collapse.\n\nPeople who\n\ndesperately need a pee\n\ntell more convincing lies.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1630,\n\n1 in 7 people in Bologna\n\nwere nuns.\n\nThere is a\n\nholy theme park\n\nin Buenos Aires where\n\nnuns get in free.\n\nIn the 1960s and '70s,\n\nnuns' urine was used by\n\npharmaceutical companies\n\nto make fertility drugs.\n\nSticklebacks\n\nlose the ability to urinate\n\nwhen building their nests.\n\n* * *\n\nFishing snakes\n\ndon't fish and\n\nno one knows\n\nhow they got\n\nthe name.\n\nOne of the founding members\n\nof the New York Stock Exchange\n\nwas a man called\n\nPreserved Fish.\n\nIn March 2003,\n\nthe Ocean Journey aquarium\n\nin Denver, Colorado, was bought\n\nby a seafood restaurant.\n\nWhales mourn\n\ntheir dead.\n\n* * *\n\nShakespeare's skull\n\nis missing from\n\nhis grave.\n\nOver the last 10 years,\n\nthe market for burial plots\n\nhas outperformed the overall\n\nUK property market\n\nby three to one.\n\nThe death adder\n\nwas originally the deaf adder\n\nbecause it never ran away\n\nfrom humans.\n\nIn China,\n\nit is bad luck to give clocks\n\nas presents because in Chinese\n\n'giving a clock' sounds like\n\n'going to a funeral'.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first US alarm clock,\n\npatented in 1787,\n\nonly rang at\n\n4 a.m.\n\nBroccoli\n\nused to be known as the\n\n'five green fingers of Jupiter'.\n\nIn 1862,\n\nPrince William of Denmark\n\nbecame king of Greece\n\nafter a referendum\n\nin which he got\n\nsix votes.\n\nA lobster\n\ncan squirt urine\n\nseven times the length\n\nof its body.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1325, Bologna\n\nwent to war with Modena\n\nover a stolen bucket.\n\nIn 1943, the crew of a Halifax bomber\n\ndowned in the Atlantic survived\n\n11 days in a dinghy by catching\n\nfish with their underpants.\n\nIn 2011, a man was stopped\n\nat Los Angeles Airport after his\n\nfour checked-in bags were found\n\nto be full of water containing\n\n240 live fish.\n\nIn 2005, there were plans\n\nto make a 50-foot-tall robot of\n\nMichael Jackson that would\n\nroam the Nevada desert.\n\n* * *\n\nMichael Jackson\n\nregularly made prank calls\n\nto Russell Crowe.\n\nRavens will\n\ndig up and rebury food\n\nif they were seen hiding it by\n\na bird they consider\n\nuntrustworthy.\n\nWoodpeckers have a third eyelid\n\nwhich stops their eyes popping out\n\nwhen drilling into wood.\n\nIn the 1890s,\n\nEugene Schieffelin set out to\n\nintroduce every bird mentioned by\n\nShakespeare into North America.\n\nThe US is now overrun by\n\n200 million starlings.\n\n* * *\n\nBearded tits\n\ndon't have beards\n\nand aren't tits.\n\nOn 1 July 1937,\n\na Mrs Beard became\n\nthe first person to dial 999.\n\nEarly 999 calls\n\nset off a klaxon and a flashing red light\n\nto make sure operators knew\n\nan emergency call\n\nwas coming in.\n\nThe oldest\n\nsurviving telephone directory is\n\nfrom New Haven, Connecticut, in 1878.\n\nIt listed the names of all the\n\npeople with phones but\n\nnot their numbers.\n\n* * *\n\nA quarter of worker ants\n\nnever actually do\n\nany work.\n\nWhen food is scarce,\n\nbaby pea aphids climb\n\nonto their mother's back\n\nand suck her blood.\n\nThe beaded lacewing\n\nstuns its prey by\n\nfarting on it.\n\nThe sea squirt\n\nis the only animal that\n\neats its own brain.\n\n* * *\n\nMessages travel\n\nthrough the brain\n\nfaster than an F1\n\nracing car.\n\nThe space shuttle did\n\n0\u2013100 mph in 8 seconds,\n\nthe same as a 1968\n\nFord GT.\n\nOn 9 October 2013,\n\nNASA's _Juno_ spacecraft travelled\n\nround the Earth at 50 times\n\nthe speed of a bullet.\n\nThe bullet\n\nwas invented thousands of years\n\nbefore the gun.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 17th-century Vermont,\n\nit was illegal to go to church\n\nwithout a gun.\n\nKillington,\n\nSmuggler's Notch,\n\nSuicide Six and Mad River Glen\n\nare ski resorts in Vermont.\n\nScots has\n\n421 words\n\nfor snow.\n\nThe ground\n\nbeneath the Antarctic ice\n\nis hotter than under 99% of\n\nthe rest of the planet.\n\n* * *\n\nAnders Celsius's scale\n\noriginally had the freezing\n\npoint of water at 100 degrees\n\nand the boiling point at zero.\n\nThe boiling point of lithium\n\nin degrees Celsius is\n\n1,342.\n\nIn 2015,\n\nProfessor Colin Raston\n\nwon an Ig Nobel prize for\n\nunboiling an egg.\n\nIn the 18th century,\n\nchickens were known as 'cacklers'\n\nand eggs were 'cackling farts'.\n\n* * *\n\nUntil the 20th century,\n\n'yolk' was often written\n\n(and pronounced) 'yelk'.\n\nThe original\n\nHumpty Dumpty\n\nwas a drink made by\n\nboiling ale with\n\nbrandy.\n\nThe earliest woodcut of\n\nJack and Jill showed\n\ntwo boys called\n\nJack and Gill.\n\nOnly female hops\n\nare used to\n\nmake beer.\n\n* * *\n\nMale crucifix toads\n\nglue themselves to females\n\nduring sex.\n\nYellow mealworms\n\neat Styrofoam.\n\nChewing\n\ncan help stop\n\nearworms.\n\nBubblegum was\n\nonce prescribed as a\n\nremedy for polio.\n\n* * *\n\nThe placebo effect\n\naccounts for up to 60%\n\nof a painkiller's\n\neffectiveness.\n\n100 Americans\n\ndie each year by choking\n\non pen lids.\n\nThe lives of\n\nCher, Elizabeth Taylor and\n\nRonald Reagan were all saved by\n\nthe Heimlich manoeuvre.\n\nWhen Reagan\n\nbecame president in 1981,\n\nhe had all the solar panels removed\n\nfrom the White House.\n\n* * *\n\n'D'oh!'\n\nis defined by the\n\n_Oxford English Dictionary_ as\n\n'expressing frustration at the\n\nrealisation that things have\n\nturned out badly or\n\nnot as planned'.\n\nIn France,\n\nHomer Simpson says ' _T'oh_ ';\n\nin Spain, he says ' _Ouch!_ '\n\nA 'natural'\n\nused to mean\n\nan 'idiot'.\n\n'A rumbling stomach'\n\nis actually a rumbling of\n\nthe small intestine.\n\n* * *\n\nThe phrase\n\n'No Man's Land'\n\nwas first used in the\n\nDomesday Book.\n\nThe land\n\nthat once connected\n\nGreat Britain to continental Europe\n\nwas called Doggerland.\n\nNever Never Land\n\nwas an old name for\n\nthe sparsely populated\n\nparts of Australia.\n\nNarnia\n\n(now called Narni)\n\nis a real place in Italy.\n\nC. S. Lewis saw the name\n\non an old Roman map.\n\n* * *\n\nAfter their first meeting,\n\nC. S. Lewis wrote of J. R. R. Tolkien:\n\n'No harm in him, only needs\n\na smack or so.'\n\nIn 1931,\n\nboth Hitler and Churchill\n\nwere hit by cars.\n\nUS boxer Daniel Caruso\n\nwas psyching himself up for a match\n\nby punching himself in the face when\n\nhe broke his own nose and was\n\nruled unfit to compete.\n\n_Backpfeifengesicht_\n\nis German for a 'face\n\nthat needs hitting'.\n\n* * *\n\nSneezes\n\ncan travel up to\n\n200 feet.\n\nSnakes\n\nhear with their\n\njawbones.\n\nA balloon's pop\n\nis caused by the rubber\n\nshrinking faster than\n\nthe speed of sound.\n\nThe equipment for the 2016\n\nRolling Stones concert in Havana\n\nfilled 61 sea containers\n\nand a Boeing 747.\n\n* * *\n\nHummingbirds\n\n'sing' with their\n\ntail feathers.\n\nCauliflowers\n\ngrow so fast\n\nyou can hear them\n\ndoing it.\n\nCicadas\n\ncan 'switch off' their ears\n\nto avoid being deafened\n\nby their own singing.\n\nNew Forest cicadas are inaudible\n\nto humans, so nobody knows\n\nif there are any left\n\nin the UK.\n\n* * *\n\nThe only wild beavers\n\nin the UK live on\n\nthe River Otter.\n\nNapoleon had\n\n50 identical\n\nbeaver-skin hats.\n\nGenghis Khan's\n\nearliest known ancestor\n\nwas a woman called\n\nAlan the Fair.\n\nNell Gwyn's\n\nname for Charles II was\n\nCharles III because she'd\n\nalready had two lovers\n\ncalled Charles.\n\n* * *\n\nCharles Dickens\n\nhelped stop P. T. Barnum\n\nfrom moving Shakespeare's house,\n\nbrick by brick, to New York.\n\nCharlotte Bront\u00eb's\n\nschool report said she\n\n'writes indifferently' and\n\n'knows nothing of grammar,\n\ngeography, history or\n\naccomplishments'.\n\nIn the seven years\n\nWordsworth was Poet Laureate,\n\nhe didn't write a single\n\nline of poetry.\n\nPope John Paul II\n\ndrew his own\n\ncomic books.\n\n* * *\n\nRetired characters\n\nfrom the _Beano_ include\n\nLittle Dead-Eye Dick, Cocky Dick,\n\nSticky Willie, Wandering Willie,\n\nand Polly Wolly Doodle and\n\nher Great Big Poodle.\n\nThe illustrator of the\n\nfirst-ever nursery-rhyme book was\n\nlater sued for selling porn.\n\nIn 2016, 'porn' was\n\nbriefly overtaken by 'Brexit'\n\nas the most searched-for\n\nterm on the Internet.\n\nIn the 1960s,\n\nInternet was the\n\nbrand name for a\n\ntransistor radio.\n\n* * *\n\nPope Francis\n\nhas never used the Internet\n\nand hasn't watched TV\n\nsince 1990.\n\nPope Innocent VIII\n\nwas nicknamed 'The Honest' because\n\nhe was the first pope to admit\n\nhe had illegitimate children.\n\nPope John II was\n\nthe first pope to change his name.\n\nHe was originally called Mercurius\n\nafter the pagan god Mercury.\n\nMercury is\n\nshrinking.\n\n* * *\n\nRussian rocket boosters are\n\nblessed by an Orthodox priest\n\nbefore they are ignited.\n\nThe Russians\n\nhave landed 10 times\n\nas many probes on Venus\n\nas NASA.\n\nEarth\n\nhas eight times\n\nas many trees as scientists\n\npreviously thought.\n\nFour times as many\n\nLebanese live outside Lebanon\n\nas inside it.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are more\n\nnative Spanish speakers\n\nin the US than\n\nin Spain.\n\nThe oldest known\n\ndialect of Spanish is\n\nspoken in the US state\n\nof New Mexico.\n\n_Caliche_ is\n\nLatin American Spanish for\n\na crust of whitewash that\n\nflakes off a wall.\n\n41% of Americans\n\nsupport the idea of\n\nbuilding a wall along the\n\nCanadian border.\n\n* * *\n\n38% of the US\n\nis north of the southernmost\n\npoint of Canada.\n\nCanada\n\nonly gained independence\n\nfrom Britain\n\nin 1982.\n\nThe 1976 Montreal Olympics\n\nis the only one in history\n\nwhere the host country\n\nfailed to win a single\n\ngold medal.\n\nThe coldest temperature\n\never recorded in Canada is \u201363\u00baC,\n\nthe same as the average\n\ntemperature\n\non Mars.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 2015,\n\ncold homes caused the\n\ndeaths of 9,000\n\nBritons.\n\nThe blood of the\n\nAntarctic notothenioid fish\n\ncontains antifreeze.\n\nThe film _Frozen_\n\ntook 3 million hours\n\nto complete.\n\nFrozen food was\n\ninvented by Clarence Birdseye,\n\nafter watching the Inuit in Canada\n\ncatch and freeze fish.\n\n* * *\n\nThe actor who plays\n\nCaptain Birdseye\n\nsuffers from\n\nseasickness.\n\nIggy Pop\n\nhas a cockatoo called\n\nBiggy Pop.\n\nBaron Rothschild\n\ntried to impress Napoleon III by\n\nby disguising his parrots as pheasants.\n\nWhen shot, they would cry,\n\n_'Vive l'empereur!'_\n\nThe Greeks painted eyes\n\non the bottom of glasses to\n\nmake it look like the drinker\n\nwas wearing a mask.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are more mask shops\n\nin Venice than butchers\n\nor greengrocers.\n\nButchers in ancient Egypt\n\nwore high heels to keep\n\nblood off their feet.\n\n1 in 5 women\n\ncut the labels off their clothes\n\nto hide the size.\n\nThe owner of Zara\n\nis one of the two richest\n\npeople in the world.\n\n* * *\n\nA set of four car tyres,\n\nencrusted with gold and diamonds,\n\nbroke the world record when\n\nthey were sold in 2016\n\nfor $600,000.\n\nThe man who\n\nset the record time for\n\nswimming the Panama Canal in 1959\n\nwas declared an honorary ship.\n\nThe ancient Egyptians built\n\nthe first Suez Canal in\n\nthe 6th century BC.\n\nCanals have\n\nplugs.\n\n* * *\n\nBaby sharks\n\nare called\n\npups.\n\nCaptain Scott's\n\nAntarctic expedition team hated\n\nthe taste of seal, so they overcooked it,\n\ninadvertently destroying\n\nall its vitamin C.\n\nShackleton's\n\nAntarctic expedition found a\n\nstowaway onboard who was allowed to stay\n\non condition he'd be the first to be\n\neaten in an emergency.\n\nSome germs thrive\n\non soap dispensers because\n\nthey like to eat soap.\n\n* * *\n\nThe first ATM\n\nwas based on a chocolate-bar\n\ndispenser.\n\nPeople who\n\nregularly eat chocolate\n\nare slightly thinner than\n\nthose who don't.\n\nObese people\n\nsee objects as 10%\n\nfurther away than those\n\nof average weight.\n\nLesbians\n\nearn more than\n\nstraight women.\n\n* * *\n\nOnly seven women in the world\n\nmay wear white to\n\nmeet the Pope.\n\nThe Colosseum\n\nhas banned people dressed\n\nas Roman centurions.\n\nThe names\n\nLinda, Alice, Lauren\n\nand Elaine are banned\n\nin Saudi Arabia.\n\nIt is illegal for\n\na wife to take her\n\nhusband's name in Quebec,\n\nbut obligatory\n\nin Japan.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 12th-century Ireland,\n\nsame-sex marriages were\n\nperformed in church.\n\n_Do You Trust Your Wife?_\n\nwas a 1950s US TV game show\n\nsponsored by a tobacco company.\n\nIt made one contestant change her\n\nstar sign from Cancer to Aries.\n\nCamel cigarettes sponsored a 1940s TV\n\nnews show called _The Camel News Caravan._\n\nNo one was allowed to be shown\n\nsmoking a cigar except\n\nWinston Churchill.\n\nChurchill looks grumpy\n\non the \u00a35 note because the\n\nphotographer who took the picture\n\nhad just removed his cigar.\n\n* * *\n\nMore British teenagers\n\nsmoke e-cigarettes than\n\nordinary cigarettes.\n\n31% of\n\nAmerican teenagers\n\nthink they'll be famous\n\none day.\n\nThree of the\n\ntop 10 Amazon best-sellers\n\nin the US in 2015 were\n\ncolouring books\n\nfor adults.\n\nHarvard\n\nhas a library of\n\nrare colours.\n\n* * *\n\nThere's a\n\nbookshop in Tokyo\n\nthat only stocks one book\n\nat a time.\n\nBooks containing\n\nthe word 'wine' and the\n\nnames of foreign pets\n\nare banned in Iran.\n\n'Stereotype' and 'clich\u00e9'\n\nwere both originally\n\nprinting terms.\n\nThe tune to\n\n'Hark the Herald Angels Sing'\n\nwas written by Mendelssohn to\n\ncommemorate the invention\n\nof the printing press.\n\n* * *\n\nThe tune of\n\n'God Save the Queen' was once\n\nthe best-known tune in the world\n\nand the national anthem\n\nfor 20 countries.\n\nThe BBC's\n\nfirst outside broadcast\n\nwas a duet between a cellist\n\nand a nightingale.\n\nNightingales\n\nfrequently break\n\nEU health and safety regulations\n\non noise pollution.\n\nIn 2016,\n\nthe Swiss city of Lausanne\n\nbanned silent discos for\n\nbeing too noisy.\n\n* * *\n\nIn 1936,\n\nLeicester was the\n\nsecond-richest city\n\nin Europe.\n\nAccording to\n\nanthropologist Kate Fox,\n\nEngland's national catchphrase\n\nis 'Typical!'\n\nObsolete English words dropped by\n\nthe _Oxford English Dictionary_ include\n\n'growlery' (a room to growl in),\n\n'brabble' (to quarrel) and\n\n'cassette-player'.\n\n_Clatterfart,_\n\n_blabberer, bablatrice_ and\n\n_nimble-chops_ all mean\n\n'chatterbox'.\n\n* * *\n\nA 'gossip' was\n\noriginally a 'god-sibling'\n\nor godparent.\n\nThe king of the Belgians\n\nis automatically godfather to\n\nall the seventh sons\n\nin his country.\n\nThe Belgian city of Bruges\n\nhas an underground\n\nbeer pipeline.\n\nThe Rar\u00e1muri of Mexico\n\nchristen their babies\n\nwith beer.\n\n* * *\n\nVenezuela is\n\nrunning out of beer.\n\nCarlsberg\n\ngave Niels Bohr\n\na house with free beer on tap\n\nas a thank-you for winning\n\nthe Nobel Prize in physics.\n\nIn 1855, James Harrison,\n\na Scot living in Australia,\n\npatented a beer cooler\n\nthat was the size\n\nof a house.\n\nWilhelm R\u00f6ntgen\n\nrefused to patent the\n\nX-ray machine he'd invented\n\nso that everyone could\n\nbenefit from it.\n\n* * *\n\nA new musical instrument was\n\ninvented and a new concert hall\n\nbuilt for the premiere of\n\nWagner's _Ring_ cycle.\n\nWhen rock 'n' roll music\n\nwas banned by the USSR in the 1950s,\n\nRussians pressed bootleg copies\n\nonto discarded X-rays and\n\ncalled it 'bone music'.\n\nThe first full-length\n\nporn movie filmed by drones\n\nwas called _Drone Boning_.\n\nMark Twain\n\ninvented and patented\n\nthe bra-strap clasp.\n\n* * *\n\nMicrosoft was founded\n\ncloser in time to the invention\n\nof the ballpoint pen\n\nthan to today.\n\nMike Rowe's\n\ndomain name\n\nMikeRoweSoft.com\n\ncaused a legal dispute with\n\nMicrosoft.\n\nThe legal concept of negligence\n\nwas established in 1932, when\n\na woman found a snail\n\nin her ginger beer.\n\nThe 18th-century dentist\n\nPierre Fauchard recommended\n\nusing urine as a\n\nmouthwash.\n\n* * *\n\nThe 18th-century painter\n\nJohan Zoffany was shipwrecked\n\nin the Andaman Islands\n\nand ate a sailor.\n\nPainting\n\na male barn owl's chest\n\na darker colour makes him\n\nmore desirable to females.\n\nGreat reed warblers\n\nspend winter practising\n\ntheir summer songs.\n\nRacing pigeons\n\nspeed up when flying\n\nthrough polluted air.\n\n* * *\n\nBy eating and\n\nexcreting doves,\n\na single cougar can plant\n\n94,000 seeds a year.\n\nIt's against the law\n\nto bring potato seeds\n\ninto the UK.\n\nThere are over\n\n700 British cheeses,\n\nbut most Britons can\n\nonly name four.\n\nShropshire Blue cheese\n\nwas invented in\n\nInverness.\n\n* * *\n\nYou can buy\n\nbonds backed by\n\nParmesan\n\ncheese.\n\nIn the Second World War,\n\nthe Bank of England's canteen\n\nwas moved to the vault.\n\nMasterCard's\n\nNew York headquarters are on\n\nPurchase Street.\n\nA 2015 study found\n\nthat banks give better deals\n\non loans immediately\n\nafter a robbery.\n\n* * *\n\nThe most expensive transfer fee\n\nin British women's football was for\n\na fifth of what Wayne Rooney\n\nearns in a single week.\n\nManchester United has\n\nspent more money on players in\n\nthe last three years than Leicester City\n\nhas in the 132 years since\n\nit was founded.\n\nThe first\n\nperformance-enhancing drug\n\nused in baseball was pulverised\n\nguinea-pig testicles.\n\nThe owners\n\nof Leicester City FC also\n\nown the world champion\n\nelephant polo team.\n\n* * *\n\nThe king of Thailand\n\noffered elephants as a gift\n\nto President Lincoln,\n\nbut he declined.\n\nJFK once wrote a letter\n\nto his mother asking her not to\n\ncontact Nikita Khrushchev\n\nwithout his permission.\n\nUntil the assassination of JFK,\n\nit was not a federal crime to\n\nto murder a US president.\n\nIn 1954,\n\nPresident Eisenhower's motorcade\n\ngave a lift to two hitch-hikers.\n\n* * *\n\nPresident Obama\n\nis the only person outside HBO\n\nallowed to watch advance screenings\n\nof _Game of Thrones._\n\nAt Queen Victoria's coronation\n\nthey accidentally missed out\n\na page of the ceremony and\n\nhad to call her back.\n\nQueen Victoria's\n\nfirst name was\n\nAlexandrina.\n\nNames of other\n\nEuropean monarchs\n\ninclude Alfonso the Slobberer,\n\nAlbert with the Pigtail, and\n\nIvaylo the Cabbage.\n\n* * *\n\nKrill\n\nsmells like\n\nboiled cabbage.\n\nAccording to\n\nthe _British Medical Journal_ ,\n\nfarting on a Petri dish from 5 cm away\n\nonly results in bacterial growth\n\nif the farter is naked.\n\nEach person\n\nis surrounded by\n\ntheir own unique cloud\n\nof bacteria.\n\nBacteria\n\ninvented the\n\nwheel.\n\n* * *\n\nCave paintings of\n\nhorses often have five legs;\n\nwhen lit by fire, this creates\n\nthe illusion of movement.\n\nKubla Khan's niece agreed to\n\nmarry any man who beat her at\n\nwrestling, but demanded payment\n\nin horses if she were to win.\n\nShe died unmarried with\n\n100,000 horses.\n\nThe deaths of two-thirds of\n\npeople in the world\n\ngo unrecorded.\n\nAccording to\n\nIsaac Newton,\n\nthe world will end\n\nin 2060.\n\n* * *\n\nThe last census\n\nin Lebanon took place\n\nin 1932.\n\nThe last words of\n\nFranklin D. Roosevelt were:\n\n'I have a terrific headache.'\n\nWhen Henrik Ibsen's nurse\n\ntold him he was looking better,\n\nhe said, 'On the contrary,'\n\nand died the next day.\n\nAccording to psychics,\n\nthe best place in Britain to\n\ncontact the dead is\n\nEastbourne.\n\n* * *\n\nArt\n\nis older than\n\nhumanity.\n\nSince the first crew left for\n\nthe ISS on 31 October 2000,\n\nthere has not been a single day\n\nwhen the entire human race\n\nhas been on Earth.\n\nIn the last 50 years,\n\ninsects' footsteps\n\nhave become\n\nquieter.\n\n_The Lord of the Rings_\n\nends in the year\n\n1342.\n\n* * *\n\n# About the Authors\n\nJohn Lloyd CBE is the creator of QI and founding producer of _The News Quiz, Not the Nine O'Clock News, Spitting Image, Blackadder_ and _No Such Thing As The News_. His favourite page is 336.\n\nJohn Mitchinson, QI's first researcher, used to run the marketing for Waterstones and is the co-founder of award-winning book crowdfunding platform Unbound. His favourite page is 105.\n\nJames Harkin, QI's Head Elf, presents the QI Elves' podcast _No Such Thing As A Fish_ and BBC2's _No Such Thing As The News_. He also produces BBC Radio 4's _The Museum of Curiosity_. His favourite page is 100.\n\nAnne Miller is a scriptwriter and researcher for QI. She is Head Researcher for _The Museum of Curiosity_ and writes a literary column for _Standard Issue_ magazine. Her favourite page is 74.\n\n# Also by the Authors\n\n_by John Lloyd, John Mitchinson & James Harkin_\n\n1,227 QI FACTS TO BLOW YOUR SOCKS OFF\n\n1,339 QI FACTS TO MAKE YOUR JAW DROP\n\n1,411 QI FACTS TO KNOCK YOU SIDEWAYS\n\n1,234 QI FACTS TO LEAVE YOU SPEECHLESS\n\n_by John Lloyd, John Mitchinson, James Harkin & Andrew Hunter Murray_\n\nTHE THIRD BOOK OF GENERAL IGNORANCE\n\n_by John Lloyd & John Mitchinson_\n\nTHE BOOK OF GENERAL IGNORANCE\n\nTHE SECOND BOOK OF GENERAL IGNORANCE\n\nTHE BOOK OF ANIMAL IGNORANCE\n\nADVANCED BANTER: THE QI BOOK OF QUOTATIONS\n\nTHE QI BOOK OF THE DEAD\n\n_edited by John Lloyd & John Mitchinson_\n\nTHE QI 'E' ANNUAL\n\nTHE QI 'F' ANNUAL\n\nTHE QI 'G' ANNUAL\n\nTHE QI 'H' ANNUAL\n\n_by John Lloyd & Douglas Adams_\n\nTHE MEANING OF LIFF\n\nTHE DEEPER MEANING OF LIFF\n\n_by John Lloyd & Jon Canter_\n\nAFTERLIFF\n\n# Copyright\n\nFirst published in 2016  \nby Faber & Faber Ltd  \nBloomsbury House  \n74\u201377 Great Russell Street  \nLondon WC1B 3DA\n\nThis ebook edition first published in 2016\n\nAll rights reserved  \n\u00a9 QI Ltd, 2016\n\nCover design by Faber  \nIllustration by Lee Gibbons based on QI set design by Jonathan Paul  \nGreen with QI rings illustrated by Andy Spence Design\n\nThe right of QI Ltd to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988\n\nThis ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author's and publisher's rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly\n\nISBN 978\u20130\u2013571\u201333248\u20139\n","meta":{"redpajama_set_name":"RedPajamaBook"}}
+{"text":"\n\nText copyright \u00a9 2016 Donna Jo Napoli  \nIllustrations copyright \u00a9 2016 Christina Balit  \nCompilation copyright \u00a9 2016 National Geographic Partners, LLC\n\nAll rights reserved. Reproduction of the whole or any part of the contents without written permission from the publisher is prohibited.\n\nSince 1888, the National Geographic Society has funded more than 12,000 research, exploration, and preservation projects around the world. The Society receives funds from National Geographic Partners LLC, funded in part by your purchase. A portion of the proceeds from this book supports this vital work. To learn more, visit www.\u200bnatgeo.\u200bcom\/\u200binfo.\n\nFor more information, visit nationalgeo\u200bgraphic.\u200bcom  \ncall 1-800-647-5463, or write to the following address:  \nNational Geographic Partners  \n1145 17th Street N.W.  \nWashington, D.C. 20036-4688 U.S.A.\n\nVisit us online at nationalgeographic.\u200bcom\/\u200bbooks\n\nFor librarians and teachers: ngchildrensbooks.\u200borg\n\nMore for kids from National Geographic: kids.\u200bnation\u200balgeog\u200braphic.\u200bcom\n\nFor rights or permissions inquiries, please contact   \nNational Geographic Books Subsidiary Rights: ngbookrights@\u200bngs.\u200borg\n\nNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC and Yellow Border Design are trademarks of   \nthe National Geographic Society, used under license.\n\nArt Directed by Callie Broaddus and David Seager\n\nTrade hardcover ISBN 9781426325403  \nReinforced library edition ISBN 9781426325410  \nEbook ISBN 9781426326387\n\nv4.1\n_For guidance and encouragement throughout the entire process of putting together this book, enormous gratitude goes to Associate Professor Selma Zecevic of the Department of Humanities at York University in Toronto. The author and illustrator also thank the National Geographic team who worked on this project for their resourcefulness, energy, and wisdom: Karen Ang, Christina Ascani, Lewis Bassford, Callie Broaddus, Rebekah Cain, Shira Evans, Rachel Faulise, Erica Green, Grace Hill, Alix Inchausti, Priyanka Lamichhane, Angela Modany, and David Seager._\n\n_Cover_\n\n_Title Page_\n\n_Copyright_\n\n_Acknowledgments_\n\nINTRODUCTION\n\nTHE BEGINNING\n\n**SHAH RAYAR & SHAH ZAMAN**\n\nA FATHER'S PLEAS\n\n**THE DONKEY, THE OX & THE MERCHANTS**\n\nNIGHT 1\n\n**THE MERCHANT & THE JINNI**\n\nNIGHT 2\n\n**THE FIRST SHEIKH**\n\nNIGHT 3\n\n**THE SECOND SHEIKH**\n\nNIGHT 4\u2013NIGHT 5\n\n**THE THIRD SHEIKH'S STORY & THE TALE OF THE FISHERMAN & THE JINNI**\n\nNIGHT 6\u2013NIGHT 8\n\n**KING YUNAN & SAGE DUBAN**\n\nNIGHT 7\n\n**THE HUSBAND & THE PARROT & THE OGRESS**\n\nNIGHT 20\n\n**THE THREE APPLES**\n\nNIGHT 21\u2013NIGHT 24\n\n**THE VIZIER'S TWO SONS**\n\nNIGHT 51\u2013NIGHT 56\n\n**QAMAR AL-ZAMAN**\n\nNIGHT 365\n\n**ALI BABA & THE FORTY THIEVES**\n\nNIGHT 366\u2013NIGHT 370\n\n**THE EBONY HORSE**\n\nNIGHT 537\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR**\n\nNIGHT 538\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 1**\n\nNIGHT 539\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 2**\n\nNIGHT 540\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 3**\n\nNIGHT 541\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 4**\n\nNIGHT 542\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 5**\n\nNIGHT 543\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 6**\n\nNIGHT 544\n\n**SINDBAD THE SAILOR, THE FINAL VOYAGE**\n\nNIGHT 667\u2013NIGHT 668\n\n**PRINCE HUSSAIN & THE MAGIC CARPET**\n\nNIGHT 730\n\n**ALADDIN**\n\nNIGHT 992\u2013NIGHT 1,001\n\n**MAARUF THE COBBLER**\n\nNIGHT 1,001\n\n**MAARUF THE COBBLER CONCLUDES**\n\nPOSTSCRIPT\n\nLITERARY LICENSE\n\nMAP OF THE MIDDLE EAST\n\nSOURCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY\n\nINDEX\n\n_Illustrations Credits_\n\n_About the Authors_\n\n# INTRODUCTION\n\n  ome of the stories presented in this book go back to ancient times; others may have arisen in medieval times. Most appeared in collections during the Middle Ages; others were first written down only at the beginning of the 18th century by a European translator of the earlier collections. Probably all, however, were part of folklore of the area extending from North Africa to South Asia\u2014including Mesopotamian, Persian, and Indian cultures, as well as later medieval Muslim cultures of Egypt and Syria. As such, these stories offer an entrance to the sensibilities of that wide area in those varying times.\n\nThe society we find in these stories consists of many poor, undereducated people, scrambling to stay within the good graces of a wealthy upper class that holds the power. Wealth, however, does not seem to be strictly random. Instead, those who work hard and are clever enough to seize opportunities can rise from poverty to luxury as merchants or even become viziers, princes, and kings. Self-reliance and resourcefulness are prized qualities.\n\nThe supernatural beings that inhabit these stories are also a mixed bag of beneficent and maleficent. Woe to the human who just happens to offend a jinni by accident; mercy is a rare find. (Please note that the Arabic word _jinni_ is used in this book, with the plural form _jinn_ , and the feminine form _jinniya_. Often in English it is spelled _genie_ , which is the more common transliteration of the Arabic spelling.) But a rapid assessment of a situation\u2014particularly of the psychological needs of the one in power\u2014and careful, appropriate action can lead to the mere human prevailing over the magical creature so that disaster is avoided. And generally, those who are loyal and faithful fare better than those who are not.\n\nFinally, there is an abiding interest in exploration and invention. Adventurers go from country to country, risking their lives in order to see the world. New machines are treasured. There is nothing complacent or provincial in these stories. Rather, there is a hunger for the unknown and a desire to be part of something larger.\n\nIn these ways, the values and beliefs reflected in the stories feel optimistic\u2014to my way of thinking, more so than those found in ancient or medieval Greek, Norse, Celtic, or ancient Egyptian mythology. There is a strong sense that good behavior will lead to good results and that the world is basically a lot more delightful than it is frightful.\n\nA remarkable aspect of these particular tales is the structure of how they are told. There is an overall framework in which a wife, Scheherazade, is telling stories to her husband each night. But in the stories she tells, there is often a character who tells a story. And sometimes we find another story within that embedded story\u2014stories within stories within stories within the overarching story. Now, certainly, the current form of the framework of Scheherazade was not there in the original oral folktales. But even having three layers of storytelling within the individual oral tales is a lot to keep track of\u2014it is as complex to the ear as Persian miniature paintings, for example, are to the eye. This storytelling tradition puts an emphasis on careful listening and mental jockeying. The listener is rewarded frequently by gifts to the ear\u2014songs and poems\u2014as well as gifts to the spirit: characters who make us laugh, love stories that hold us entranced, fantastical creatures and devices that amaze us. For the people of the times when the stories were first told, historical details shed light on events they might have heard about.\n\nEach night's tale stands on its own merit. But I have worked to present them within the framework of a growing relationship between wife and husband. The tales themselves are often cliffhangers that leave us wondering what will happen next. But the most important cliffhanger is whether or not Scheherazade succeeds in getting her husband to grant her another day of life\u2014for in the beginning, he has vowed to have her put to death after their first night together. This innocent girl is subject to the whims of a man so deeply wounded his ego wobbles with every step. Scheherazade uses all her storytelling skills, ingenuity, and artistic creativity to craft stories that make her husband's heart beat faster. But she also selects stories with an eye toward developing a sense of trust and, eventually, mercy built on that trust. This helps her husband to move beyond his injury to the strength and hope that allow him to experience profound love. Scheherazade wins not through trickery, but through understanding human nature, and through faith in her own abilities and in the transformative power of storytelling. She dares to fathom the meaning of life with every bit of intelligence she has. As a result, she embodies the spirit of the times and places of the tales she spins.\n\nWelcome to that spirit.\n\n**A note to ebook readers** : We hope you find the art in this book as enchanting as we do. To experience it in more detail, you may be able to enlarge it. In most reading systems, you can double tap on the image to bring up a full-screen viewer with zoom and pan functionality.\n\n_Shah Zaman secretly watched his brother's wife and her servants in the garden. Alas, his brother had been betrayed, just as Shah Zaman had been betrayed. Wives were wicked._\n\nTHE BEGINNING\n\nTHE TALE OF SHAH RAYAR & SHAH ZAMAN\n\n  wo brothers were kings. Shah Rayar, the older, ruled the land beyond the Indus River. Shah Zaman, the younger, ruled the land of Samarqand.\n\nOne day Shah Rayar missed his brother. He sent his adviser, his vizier, to fetch him.\n\nShah Zaman happily prepared horses and camels with supplies for the journey. But the night before leaving, he found his wife romancing a kitchen boy. Shah Zaman cried, then got furious. How could she! He was a shah\u2014a ruler! He put them to death.\n\nWhen Shah Zaman arrived at his brother's home, he kept thinking of his secret disgrace. He couldn't eat. He couldn't sleep.\n\nShah Rayar decided a hunt might cheer him up. But Shah Zaman refused to go. So Shah Rayar left without him.\n\nShah Zaman sat and moaned when\u2014what was that?\u2014his brother's wife strutted across the garden with servant girls. They stopped below Shah Zaman's window, so close he could see that some were girls, yes, but others were boys! They kissed and tangled together.\n\nHow awful! His brother's wife was worse than his own! But, oh, this was the way of the world. Shah Zaman no longer felt singled out for misery. He ate that evening; he slept that night.\n\nWhen Shah Rayar returned, he found his brother recovered. \"What blight caused you to fade before?\"\n\nShah Zaman didn't want to answer. But Shah Rayar insisted. So Shah Zaman told what his own wife had done.\n\n\"I condemned them both.\"\n\nShah Rayar gasped. \"Good! Tell me now how you recovered.\"\n\nAgain Shah Zaman didn't want to answer. Again Shah Rayar insisted. So Shah Zaman told what his brother's wife had done.\n\nShah Rayar was stunned. He had to see for himself. They announced another hunt, and left immediately. But then they snuck back, and spied on the queen and her servants frolicking again.\n\nShah Rayar ripped at his hair. Nothing could be counted on. He no longer wanted this life. The brothers agreed to wander as vagabonds. Only if they met someone with misfortunes greater than theirs would they return.\n\nThey stopped near the shore. A roar came from the water. The brothers hid in a tree. A demon jinni, tall as a pillar, broad as a camel, sloshed out of the sea. On his head balanced a glass chest with four locks. The jinni opened it, and lifted out a woman.\n\n\"Gorgeous wife, I need sleep.\" He laid his head on her lap and his snores rumbled the earth.\n\nThe woman saw the brothers in the tree. She insisted they roll on the ground with her. \"Give me your rings,\" she said. The men each gave her a ring. She opened a purse and shook out more rings: Turkish gold, Egyptian silver, Ethiopian ivory, blue lapis lazuli, and bloodred carnelian. \"Now I have exactly one from each man I have romanced as this jinni slept. That's what he gets for locking me up.\"\n\nThe brothers ran off. The jinni's wife was wicked\u2014like all women. They vowed never to marry again and they returned home. Shah Rayar condemned his wife and her servants to death.\n\nHe thought about the beautiful woman in the chest, and his insides twisted in confusion. He didn't want to risk the pain a wife brought. Yet he needed a wife, for love between husband and wife helps mortals reach for the Almighty. So that night he made his terrible vow: From thence forward, Shah Rayar would marry daily, and the next morning he would have his bride slain.\n\nThe poor vizier spent each day finding a new bride for Shah Rayar. And all perished. Parents mourned, for their daughters were not wicked. No. Their daughters were gentle people. Every breath of joy in the kingdom died.\n\n**A Righteous Number**\n\nCredit 1.1\n\n_Four antique books are stacked together on a desk._\n\n**Four is the righteous number in many ancient Islamic cultures. The ear needs four instruments for the best music: lute, harp, zither, and double flute. The nose needs four flowers for the best scents: rose, myrtle, anemone, and gillyflower. The soul needs four books for support: Torah, Psalms, the Gospel, and the Koran. A table needs four legs for support. A man can take four wives (or fewer). The list goes on. Other cultures that revere four include Byzantine, Celtic, Chinese, Etruscan, Hindu, Hopi, Maya, Navajo, and Lakota.**\nA FATHER'S PLEAS\n\nTHE TALES OF THE DONKEY, THE OX & THE MERCHANTS\n\n_The vizier's daughters wereScheherazade and Dinarzad. Scheherazade studied philosophy, literature, medicine. She recited poetry. She understood the lessons of history. And she had a giant heart. She looked around at the daily slaughter of girls, at the grief of parents, and that heart broke. \"Father, I will marry Shah Rayar and I will save the people or die trying.\" The vizier argued with her. Scheherazade insisted. The vizier grew angry. Scheherazade grew intransigent. The vizier shouted, \"What happened to the donkey and the ox with the merchant will happen to you!\" \"What happened to them?\" So the vizier told this tale._\n\n   merchant could understand animal language. He kept what he heard secret, however, for he feared if he told, he'd die.\n\nOne day he heard the ox say to the donkey, \"You're lucky to live in a swept stall, with cool drinking water and sifted barley to eat. Your only work is carrying the merchant on errands. But me, I pull a plow all day. The yoke cuts my neck. I slurp muddy water, gobble dirty beans, and sleep in filth.\"\n\n\"Rebel,\" said the donkey. \"Lie down and moan.\"\n\nAfter that the ox wouldn't budge. He wouldn't eat. He lay on his back. The merchant, who expected this, told the plowman to yoke the donkey instead.\n\nSo the donkey pulled the load. Meanwhile, the ox chewed cud. That night when the donkey returned exhausted and bleeding, the ox thanked him for such good advice.\n\n_The vizier looked at his generous but headstrong daughter. He couldn't bear the thought of that head on Shah Rayar's pillow...and what would happen to it later. \"See? For the sake of everything holy, Daughter, don't expose yourself to peril.\" Scheherazade had thought about the dilemma nonstop. She was smart, so she had to try. \"I must.\" \"Then I will do to you what the merchant did to his wife.\" Scheherazade willed her bottom lip not to tremble. \"What is that?\" So the vizier told this tale._\n\n_The merchant eavesdropped on his animals. He heard the rooster tell the dog that the merchant was a fool. The merchant should boss his wife around, like the rooster bossed the hens._\n\n  he merchant overheard the donkey and ox talking. \"You must change again,\" said the donkey. \"If you stay bad, the merchant said he'll butcher you to feed the poor and make your hide a rug.\"\n\nThe stupid ox bellowed and farted. \"I will!\"\n\nThe merchant laughed at the donkey's cleverness.\n\nHis wife drew back. \"Are you laughing at me?\"\n\n\"I'm laughing at what the donkey said.\"\n\n\"What did he say?\"\n\n\"I'll die if I tell you.\"\n\nBut the woman insisted. So the merchant had no choice. Before telling, though, he prepared for death. He wrote a will and bade farewell to all. Just then he overheard his dog and rooster talking. The rooster had been chasing hens. The dog scolded him for playing when the merchant was about to die. The rooster scoffed. \"The merchant's a fool. I tame these hens\u2014with brute force\u2014just one of me and so many of them. He has but one wife, yet she wins. He should tame her.\"\n\nThe merchant immediately battled with his wife until she said she no longer wanted to know what the donkey had said.\n\nSo the merchant didn't tell, and he didn't die.\n\n_Scheherazade's eyelids went heavy with pity for her father. \"You won't battle with me, Father,\" she said gently, \"for I can't change my mind.\" Before Scheherazade left home, she toldDinarzad that she would send for her that night. \"And, Little Sister, you must find the right moment to ask me to tell a tale.\" Dinarzad nodded agreement through a veil of tears. That night, when Shah Rayar took Scheherazade to his royal chambers, she told the king she needed to bid farewell to her sister. So the king sent for Dinarzad, who crawled under their bed and slept._\n\n_The enormous jinni found many waiting for him: the hapless merchant, as well as sheikhs and animals. Would he really slay the merchant for an accidental death?_\n\nNIGHT 1\n\nTHE TALE OF THE MERCHANT & THE JINNI\n\n_At midnight, Dinarzad woke and said, \"Sister, if you are not sleepy, would you tell me a tale\u2014one of your wonderful tales\u2014to while away the time till daybreak, when I must bid you farewell?\" Scheherazade turned to the king. \"May I?\" The king was now fully awake, so why not indulge his bride in the last hours of her life? So Scheherazade began to spin a tale, slowly slowly, lingering on each detail, savoring every word as though it were her last._\n\n  wealthy merchant journeyed on horseback to a far land. On his way home, he sat by a spring and ate dates, throwing the pits away. All at once a jinni appeared, so tall his head was bathed in clouds. He carried a gigantic sword. \"You killed my son! Stand and I will kill you now.\"\n\nThe merchant denied that he had ever done such a thing.\n\nBut the jinni insisted. His son was walking by when one of the merchant's date pits struck and killed him. \"You must die,\" said the jinni. \"Blood for blood.\"\n\nThe merchant begged for mercy. The jinni offered none. The merchant recited poetry to soften the jinni's resolve. The jinni only raised his sword.\n\nThe merchant begged permission to go home and set his affairs in order. He would need until New Year's Day to attend to it all, after which he swore to return. The jinni agreed.\n\nThe merchant's family wailed and wept at his impending doom. The merchant gritted his teeth. He divided his properties among his older children, appointed guardians for his younger children, and gave alms to the poor. Then he got on his horse with his burial shroud in his arms, and traveled to the jinni's orchard, arriving on the first day of the new year.\n\nHe sat on the ground and waited. A venerable old man\u2014a sheikh\u2014came along, leading a gazelle on a leash. The sheikh asked the merchant what he was waiting for, so the merchant told his tale. The sheikh's jaw fell open at the fact that the merchant had returned as promised. Not many were that faithful. He waited with the merchant to see what would happen next.\n\nAs the merchant and the sheikh with the gazelle were talking, another sheikh approached with two black dogs in tow. He asked why they were sitting there. So the sheikh with the gazelle told the merchant's story, and how he had returned as promised so that the jinni could kill him.\n\nThe sheikh with the two black dogs stared at the merchant. Such fidelity was incredible. He swore not to leave until he saw how the adventure ended. So he sat beside the merchant and the sheikh with the gazelle, and all three of them talked.\n\nA third sheikh wandered up now. A mule walked at his side. When he heard why they were sitting there, he too sat down and swore not to leave until he saw what the jinni did to the merchant.\n\nThe air grew dusty. In an instant, they were sitting in a cloud of dust and the earth shook under them.\n\nThe giant jinni appeared. \"Get ready to die.\"\n\nThe three old men made a chorus of weeping. The gazelle blinked. The two black dogs whined. The mule stamped in place.\n\nAnd the merchant trembled.\n\n_Dawn entered through the window and Scheherazade lapsed into silence. She trembled like the merchant of herstory._\n\n_\"What a marvelous tale,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"It's nothing compared with what I shall tell tomorrow, if the king spares me one more night.\" Scheherazade stayed her breath to hear the king's response. Shah Rayar wanted to know what would happen to the merchant, for surely a man who had killed by accident should be spared. Even a jinni could recognize that. But injustices happened in this world\u2014as he knew too well. \"Yes, you can continue another night.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade breathed again. She would live another day. She gulped the air.  _\n\nNIGHT 2\n\nTHE TALE OF THE FIRST SHEIKH\n\n_At midnight the next night, Dinarzad called, \"Sister, wake and continue that tale.\" Scheherazade was awake, of course. She turned to the king, who stirred beside her. \"May I?\" The king assented. Scheherazade began fast, before this all-powerful man could change his mind._\n\n   he jinni stood his ground, while the merchant sobbed. The first sheikh, the one with the gazelle, kissed the jinni's feet. \"King of jinn-kings,\" he said, \"I have a tale. If you find it more fabulous than what happened between you and the merchant, will you grant me one-third of your right to the merchant's life?\"\n\nThe jinni agreed.\n\nThe first sheikh told this tale.\n\nTHIS GAZELLE IS MY WIFE. I LOVED HER BUT SHE BORE NO CHILDREN. So I took a second wife, who bore a son. My first wife grew jealous.\n\nOne day I left on a yearlong journey. During that time, my first wife learned magic. She turned my second wife into a cow and my son into a bull. When I returned, my first wife said my second wife had died and my son had run off. Bereft, I beat my chest.\n\nWhen the Great Feast of the Immolation came, I asked my animal tender to bring me a cow for sacrifice. The chosen cow mooed piteously, as though she understood she was to die. She was my second wife\u2014but I knew nothing. Still, her eyes pleaded. So I asked for a different cow. But my first wife insisted on butchering that cow.\n\nThe cow's insides were nothing but bones and nerves. No flesh, no fat. What a waste to have butchered her! I told my animal tender to fetch a fat young bull now. The bull rubbed his head against my chest and lowed sweetly. Little did I know he was my son. Still, my insides panged. \"Pick a different bull,\" I told the animal tender. But my first wife said, \"Butcher this one!\" So I gripped the knife. After all, my first wife was all I had.\n\nBut the bull cried like a child. I dropped the knife, and held up a finger to my first wife, lest she protest. \"Next year, I'll sacrifice this one.\"\n\nLater the animal tender whispered to me. His daughter knew magic. She had recognized the bull as my son! In an instant, she guessed the evil my first wife had done.\n\nI offered the girl riches to free my son from the spell. She wanted nothing but to marry him. She sprinkled magic water on him. His body shook hard until there stood my son, strong again!\n\nThen she turned my first wife into this gazelle because a gazelle is beautiful, and we needed to watch her. It is better to look on the beautiful than the ugly.\n\nThe first sheikh pet the gazelle gently, for love doesn't disappear even when we wish it would. \"Is my tale not fabulous?\"\n\nThe jinni rubbed the tip of his nose and nodded. \"I grant you one-third of my right to this merchant's life.\" The second sheikh, the one with two black dogs, stood. \"I too have a tale. If it is even more fabulous, will you grant me one-third of your right to the merchant's life?\"\n\nThe jinni agreed.\n\n_A shaft of light entered the room. Scheherazade marveled at how day exposed the secrets of the dark. All her life she'd seen dawn come, but only now did she realize this moment\u2014ruled by this first shaft of light\u2014was a revelation. A gem of truth. Shefeared and loved it, but fear had the lead. \"This tale amazes me,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"It will amaze more in the coming night, if the king will allow.\" \"I will,\" said Shah Rayar, for his curiosity was piqued. There was not enough air in this room to fill Scheherazade's lungs. She rushed to the window and pushed the shutters wide._\n\n**Animal Sacrifices**\n\nCredit 4.1\n\n_Two cows graze together at dawn on the Lower Galilee._\n\n**Ceremonies in which animals are sacrificed are common to many religions throughout history and around the globe. Sometimes the sacrifices are meant to appease an angry god; other times they are meant to show gratitude. The feast talked about here is a celebration of the end of the pilgrimage season when pilgrims and other Muslims sacrifice animals to affirm their obedience to and love of God. The meat of the sacrificed animals is eaten by family and friends and given to the poor.**\n\n_In a fit of jealousy, the first sheikh's first wife turned his son and second wife into cattle. A magician rescued the son from his enchantment and turned the first wife into a gazelle._\n\n_The second sheikh's brothers were envious of his marriage. They threw him and his wife into the sea. But the wife was a jinniya, who saved her husband, and her sister turned the brothers into dogs._\n\nNIGHT 3\n\nTHE TALE OF THE SECOND SHEIKH\n\n_\"Sister,\" said Dinarzad in the middle of the night. \"Continue.\" \"If the king should permit,\" said Scheherazade. \"Continue,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_Scheherazade spoke softly so the king would have to pay attention in order to hear. After all, a silk thread is stronger than an iron bar._\n\n  he jinni, the merchant, the first sheikh with the gazelle-wife, and the third sheikh with the mule waited. So the second sheikh, with the two black dogs, began his tale.\n\nTHESE DOGS ARE MY BROTHERS. WHEN OUR FATHER DIED, HE gave us 1,000 dinars each to set up shops. My older brother sold his shop and went off to trade. A year later he returned a beggar. I had made a profit; I had 2,000 dinars. I gave him half to set up a new shop.\n\nSoon, my other brother sold his shop and left to trade. In a year, he returned a beggar. I checked my profit; I had 2,000 dinars again. I gave him half to set up a new shop.\n\nThen both brothers proposed we all be traders. After six years I finally agreed. I had 6,000 dinars. I buried half, so that if we returned penniless, we'd each have 1,000 to set up new shops. With the rest we bought provisions and a boat.\n\nWe stopped at a port and traded. A girl in rags kissed my hands. \"Marry me. I will be a good wife.\" Dressed in rags with no one to recommend her? But a man must look beyond appearance to the truth underneath: Her heart was pure. So I married her. We lived on the boat and loved one another. Life was perfect. That very perfection set aflame envy in my brothers. One night, as we slept, they tossed us into the sea.\n\nI woke on a gulp of salt water, thrashing hopelessly, for I couldn't swim. My wife turned into a jinniya and carried me away. She told me she had loved me at first sight, and so came to me in the guise of a beggar. She loved me even more for marrying her, despite her apparent poverty. Now she would kill my brothers.\n\n\"No!\" I said. \"Kindness is the rule, even to those who wrong you.\" We argued. At last she agreed to let my brothers live.\n\nShe flew me on her back to my old home. I dug up the 3,000 dinars and opened a shop. When I returned home that night, two black dogs waited by my door. My wife's voice came from nowhere, \"These are your brothers. My sister cast a spell on them. After 10 years you may go to her to get it lifted.\" Her voice ceased. She was gone, dear wife.\n\nThe second sheikh scratched the dogs behind the ears. \"Is my tale not fabulous?\"\n\nThe jinni rubbed the tip of his nose and nodded. \"I grant you one-third of my right to this merchant's life.\"\n\nThe third sheikh, the one with the mule, stood. \"I have the most fabulous tale. If you agree, will you grant me one-third of your right to the merchant's life?\"\n\nThe jinni nodded.\n\n\"Listen hard,\" said the third sheikh.\n\n_Morning came and Scheherazade hushed, though her pulse drummed in her head._\n\n_\"A marvelous tale,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Tomorrow's will be better,\" said Scheherazade, scanning the king's face. \"If the king allows.\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar agreed. But he could see where the story was going. It would end soon and he would put Scheherazade to death. She had turned a one-night marriage into afour-night marriage. Four was a good number.   _\n\nNIGHT 4\n\nTHE THIRD SHEIKH'S STORY & THE TALE OF THE FISHERMAN & THE JINNI\n\n_Scheherazade was no one's fool. The king's eyes had told her he found the tale predictable and would soon dispose of her. Like ragged clothing. Like rotted meat. Fear dried her mouth. It shortened her breath. All her life her father and neighbors had told tales. All her life she had read and studied. Surely that experience and knowledge would help her create new tales. Surely, oh, surely. The desperate girl wracked her brain. That night, when Dinarzad begged for more, Scheherazade took a giant breath and let it out in one long blast._\n\n  he third sheikh, the one with the mule, told his tale.\n\nMY WIFE BETRAYED ME, THEN TURNED ME INTO A DOG. I WENT TO a magician. She rescued me and gave me magic water to sprinkle on my wife. It turned her into a mule, this mule.\n\n\"IS THIS NOT A FABULOUS TALE?\" HE ASKED. \"INDEED.\" THE JINNI acceded to him one-third of his right to the merchant's life. Of course the three old men together then granted life to the merchant.\n\n_The words tumbled from Scheherazade's lips like cascading water. She watched the king's satisfied eyes; he had anticipated this ending. \"This tale,\" she said in that same stream of breath, \"is nothing compared to the fisherman's.\" \"Tell,\" said Dinarzad, \"Now!\" Dinarzad was, indeed, the finest sister ever. Scheherazade didn't wait for permission; nothing good could come of waiting._\n\n**Prayer Times**\n\nCredit 6.1\n\n_A Muslim man prays while low light streams in through the window._\n\n**The fisherman of this tale is Muslim. He prays five times a day: at dawn, right after noon, in mid-afternoon, at sunset, and at night. The time of prayers is determined by the position of the sun. One of the greatest mathematicians and astronomers of the Middle Ages was the EgyptianIbn Yunus. He lived in the 10th century and made mathematical tables for timekeeping so that prayer could happen at the right times. He was also a poet.**\n\n_The fisherman's first haul was a donkey corpse; his second, a jar of sand and water; his third, garbage from others' meals. What a sad day for a hungry man with a hungry family._\n\n  fisherman had a family, but no money. Each day he cast his net precisely four times. Whatever he caught fed his family.\n\nHe rose every day at the first call for prayers. One morning it was still so dark, the moon glimmered. The fisherman took his prayer rug with him and left the city before the first call to prayer. Then he waded into the sea up to his waist and cast his net.\n\nWhen he pulled on the rope, it resisted. His net was so heavy, he couldn't move it! He dove into the water and tugged until finally the haul lay on the shore. When he opened the net, a dead donkey lay there.\n\nThe fisherman looked at the stinking corpse and recited verses to calm his heart.\n\n_A fisherman's net and hook provide  \nAs much as the Almighty's heart is wide._\n\nHe prayed again, for it was now sunrise, then cast his net a second time. When he pulled the rope, it resisted. He dove and tugged. In the net lay a jar full of sand and water. No! The man recited more verses, balm for the heart.\n\n_All I seek is one square meal,  \nenough to make our tummies heal._\n\nHe knelt for noon prayers, then waded into the water. Alas, the third catch was useless\u2014broken dishes and bottles, garbage from others' meals. His mouth went sour.\n\n_One land is wet, another dry  \nJustice is low; injustice is high._\n\nThe fisherman prayed, for it was mid-afternoon.\n\n_\"The moon was out when the fisherman began his toils,\" said Scheherazade, \"but it has gone to bed for us.\" She pulled on her fingers so hard they hurt. \"I'll tell more in the coming night. If the king allows.\" Shah Rayar worried about this fisherman, so conscientious in his prayers, yet so poor in his purse. What bad luck to get a dead donkey, a jar of sand and water, then, worst of all, garbage. \"Tell more in the coming night,\" he said. \"I insist.\"_\n\n_The fisherman's fourth haul was a jar. When he pried open the stopper, out came a jinni who threatened to kill him. But the clever fisherman asked a tricky question first._\n\nNIGHT 5\n\nTHE TALE OF THE FISHERMAN & THE JINNI CONTINUES\n\n_That night, when Dinarzad begged her to continue, Scheherazade began immediately. After all, the king had insisted\u2014she must go where he insisted. She must run there; she must race there. His wish was everything._\n\n  is heart full of prayer, the fisherman cast his net for the fourth time. It snagged something heavy. He dove into the water and carried the net to shore. Inside was a brass jar with a lead stopper. Clearly, it had been in the water many years. But it was still sound and the workmanship was remarkable. The fisherman laughed; he could sell it at the copper market.\n\nThe fisherman pushed the jar onto its side, to roll it to market. But the jar was too heavy to budge. It must be full. With his knife he pried the stopper free. He tilted the jar. Nothing came out.\n\nThe fisherman put his eye to the jar's mouth. It burned! He jumped away. Smoke came out. The spiral grew into a column that took form: a jinni, uglier than the monsters of your most demented dreams. His teeth were jagged boulders, his eyes were torches.\n\n\"Rejoice,\" cried the jinni. \"I shall kill you now.\"\n\n\"What! I just freed you. You'd be an ingrate to kill me.\"\n\n\"Make a wish.\"\n\nThe fisherman smiled, relieved. \"At last you're being reasonable.\"\n\n\"Choose how you'll die. For my first 400 years in the jar, I vowed to make rich whoever freed me. No one came. For my next 400 years, I vowed to give every treasure imaginable to whoever freed me. No one came. After that I vowed to make my rescuer a king. No rescuer came. Year after year, no one. Until I decided I would kill whoever freed me. Then you came. Choose how you want to die.\"\n\n\"Please, if you spare me, the Almighty will reward you. If you destroy me, the Almighty will punish you.\"\n\n\"Choose!\"\n\n\"I choose instead to ask a question,\" said the fisherman. \"Were you really in this jar?\"\n\n\"You saw I was inside.\"\n\n\"No. I opened the jar and smoke appeared. When it cleared, there you were. But you're too large to fit inside.\"\n\n\"I am not.\"\n\nThey argued, until the jinni jumped into the jar and called out, \"See? I fit.\"\n\nThe fisherman jammed the stopper into place.\n\n\"No!\" wailed the tricked jinni. \"Let me out and I'll make you rich.\"\n\n\"You lie,\" said the fisherman. \"You would do to me as Sage Duban did to King Yunan.\"\n\n\"I don't know that story,\" said the jinni. \"Tell it.\"\n\n_Morning warmed Scheherazade's cheeks. She let her eyelids drop. Her sister Dinarzad exclaimed about how exciting this tale was. Shah Rayar expected this. It had become routine. He looked at the quiet face of his bride. \"Your tales overflow withinjustice.\" Scheherazade wanted to say, \"Naturally.\" Instead, she kept her eyes closed. \"The culprit in your stories is always an unreasonable jinni. Do you know nothing of human injustice?\" \"Ah,\" breathed Scheherazade. She wanted to say, \"The carpenter's door is falling apart,\" just as her mother said when people couldn't see their own faults. Instead, she whispered, \"I do.\" Shah Rayar didn't see the irony in his question. But the girl's answer worried him. Did she guess what his first wife had done? No one should know his shame. But, of course, everyone probably did. After all, why else would he have slain the queen and her servants? He swallowed the painful lump in his throat. The past was behind. The future would be better. No other wife could serve him so poorly. Still, perhaps he should visit this bride on and off during the day. To check. She would never get the opportunity to betray him that way. Besides, she was nice to look at._\n\nNIGHT 6\n\nTHE TALE OF KING YUNAN & SAGE DUBAN\n\n_\"Wake, Sister. Speak, please,\" called Dinarzad. \"Finish your astonishing tale.\" On cue, like the best trained monkey, Scheherazade continued the tale of the fisherman and the jinni. But the king's morning question had nestled in her brain all day. How could it not? Twice during the day Shah Rayar had dropped by her chambers, that question always burning in his eyes. So she used that very question to shape the next tale._\n\n  he fisherman knelt and performed his early evening prayers. His empty stomach clenched. His heart was heavy, for he knew his family waited at home hungrier than ever. Still, he wanted the jinni to understand why he couldn't set him free. Even a jinni deserved that small consideration.\n\nSo he sat beside the jar that held the jinni and leaned against it. \"Listen, jinni, to the tale of King Yunan and Sage Duban. Listen and understand.\"\n\nKING YUNAN OF PERSIA HAD LEPROSY OF THE MOST VICIOUS SORT. He tried every cure to no avail. Indeed, he was sick and tired of drinking potions and smearing on ointments and submitting to poultices that were as ineffectual as mud.\n\nOne day a sage called Duban came to King Yunan's kingdom.\n\nSage Duban was learned in wisdom from all the great civilizations: Byzantine\u2014which was his own culture\u2014but also Greek, Turkish, Hebrew, Syriac, and, most important for medicinal cures, Arab. He promised to cure the king without any of those supposed remedies that had failed him in the past.\n\nKing Yunan liked this sage; he liked him very much.\n\n**Medicine in theMuslim World**\n\nCredit 8.1\n\n_Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi conducts an experiment in his laboratory in Baghdad._\n\n**Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi, a Persian scholar, applied the scientific method to medicine starting in the ninth century. He based his practice on experimentation and observation. He also wrote on ethics, building on the work of the ancients, such as Hippocrates and Galen, saying the physician must be responsible to patients, to himself, and to other physicians. He described how to diagnose smallpox and measles, and he was a pioneer in studying eye problems. His work paved the way for advances in medicine, particularly those made a century later by another Persian, Ibn Sina.**\n\n_Sage Duban filled a mallet with drugs. As King Yunan played polo, the drugs seeped through his skin and cured his leprosy. The king loved the sage for this, but the king's vizier hated him._\n\nSo Sage Duban made a ball and mallet for polo. He hollowed the mallet and its handle, and filled them with drugs that he concocted himself. The next day he advised the king to mount his horse and play polo with that mallet. The idea was that as the king perspired, the drugs in the mallet would seep through the skin of his hands and spread inside his whole body. When he was thoroughly medicated, he should bathe\u2014and just like that, he'd be cured.\n\nIt all happened just as Sage Duban promised. King Yunan was so delighted, he invited Sage Duban to sit beside him in the place of honor in the royal hall. The king gave the sage wonderful flowing robes, one trimmed with red fox fur, the other fringed in ostrich feathers. He spent his day talking with the sage, laughing, sharing confidences. It was marvelous to have strong, smooth skin again. Looking in a mirror made King Yunan delirious. No one in the world was wiser than Sage Duban.\n\nAll this attention to the sage, however, caused envy in the king's grand vizier. The vizier felt he'd been replaced. He fumed. So he went to the king and decried Sage Duban as an enemy, fixed on robbing the king. \"Kill the perfidious sage. Now, before it's too late.\"\n\n\"The ugly snake head of envy has risen in you,\" said King Yunan. \"Sage Duban is a treasured friend. Remember the story of King Sindbad? An envious man urged the king to kill his own son. But the king's vizier told him, 'Don't do what you will regret.' No truer words were ever uttered.\" King Yunan sighed. \"You would have me make a terrible mistake. Just like in the tale of the jealous husband and the parrot.\"\n\n\"I don't know the story of the jealous husband and the parrot,\" said King Yunan's vizier. \"Tell me, please.\"\n\n_Dawn broke and Scheherazade went silent. Her sister Dinarzad spoke her part. Scheherazade repeated her promise of better tales to come. And Shah Rayar agreed to all, as Scheherazade knew he would; this story promisedinjustice at the hand of humans, not jinn. Scheherazade had been clever enough to live yet one more day. Her fingers curled into fists. She hid them inside her robe._\n\n_The queen's servants fooled the talking parrot into thinking there was a storm all night long. When the parrot told the king about the storm, the king considered him a liar and had him killed._\n\nNIGHT 7\n\nTHE TALES OF THE HUSBAND & THE PARROT & THE OGRESS\n\n_\"Please begin,\" said Dinarzad. Scheherazade complied._\n\n  he fisherman cleared his throat, so he could continue his tale about King Yunan and Sage Duban.\n\nKING YUNAN, FACED WITH THIS ENVIOUS VIZIER WHO WANTED HIM to kill Sage Duban, told the tale of the husband and the parrot.\n\nA jealous man had a beautiful wife. He bought her a talking parrot. Then he left on a journey. When he returned, he asked the parrot what his wife had done in his absence. The parrot told of the wife's escapades with another man. The jealous man exploded in anger and left, vowing not to return for a day.\n\nThe wife asked which servant had told on her. The servants pointed to the parrot. So the wife enlisted three maidservants that night. The first maid ground the grinding stone under the parrot's cage. The second sprinkled water over his cage. The third walked past the cage shaking a shining metal plate. They did this all night.\n\nThe next day when the husband returned, he asked the parrot what his wife had done the night before. The parrot said, \"I couldn't see or hear anything because of the thunder, rain, and lightning.\" But there had been no storm the night before.\n\nSo the husband thought the parrot was a liar\u2014about the storm and about his wife. He killed it.\n\nOnly later did he learn from neighbors that the parrot had been loyal. Remorse shrouded him.\n\nKING YUNAN SHOOK HIS HEAD AT HIS VIZIER. \"YOU WOULD HAVE ME kill the loyal Sage Duban and be shrouded in remorse, as well.\"\n\n\"No,\" said the vizier. \"I would save you. In fact, if I am wrong, I would want to die, just as in the tale of the disloyal vizier.\"\n\n\"I don't know this tale,\" said King Yunan. \"Tell me.\"\n\nAnd so the vizier told this tale.\n\nA PRINCE WENT HUNTING WITH HIS VIZIER. A STRANGE BEAST CROSSED his path and the vizier urged him to chase it. The prince was soon helplessly lost in the forest.\n\nA girl appeared, weeping. \"I am princess of a land beyond the Indus River. I fell asleep on my horse and ended on the ground, alone in a strange land.\"\n\nThe prince invited her to ride behind him on his horse. When they came to a crumbling home, the princess said she must answer a call of nature. She disappeared in the ruins.\n\nShe was gone too long for her own safety. So the prince followed. He overheard her talking to children. \"I've brought you a fat boy to eat,\" she sang, \"a juicy boy, a blubber boy, a yummy boy.\" The children drooled, bloodthirsty. She was a ferocious ogress!\n\nThe prince ran back to his horse. The ogress followed him. \"What's the matter?\"\n\n\"I fear for my life,\" he said.\n\n\"Pray to the Almighty. That's the answer for the pure of heart.\"\n\nThe prince prayed and the ogress left him. He went home and told his father that the vizier had urged him to follow an ogress. The king put the vizier to death.\n\n\"YOU SEE,\" SAID KING YUNAN'S VIZIER, \"ONE MUST NOT FOLLOW THE advice of the treacherous. Sage Duban is treacherous. Look how he cured you simply by having you play polo with that mallet. Think how easily he could kill you. Anything might be fatal\u2014a whiff from a hidden vial. Anything! You are at his mercy. And who knows if he has any? You must kill him first.\"\n\nKing Yunan was stunned. And convinced. No one could count on the mercy of others.\n\nHe sent for Sage Duban.\n\n**Talking Birds**\n\nCredit 9.1\n\n_A macaw perches on a tree branch._\n\n**Talking birds, usually mynahs and parrots, come up in Indian, Persian, Arab, and other tales. Pet birds have been trained to vocalize human speech sounds so well that strangers can understand them. Alex, a famous gray parrot, was studied for over 20 years. He sometimes said things that made sense in a given context. Still, no birds appear to carry on true conversations with humans. What birds communicate to one another through birdsong and other behaviors, however, has yet to be fully understood.**\n\n_Scheherazade stopped with the morning sun. Her sister and husband agreed this tale must continue. Oh, how they wondered what the coming night's tale would bring. Alas, so did Scheherazade. Her fingertips played on her lips. Would that they were magic fingers and could fashion stories from grit, like pearls in oysters.  _\n\nNIGHT 8\n\nTHE TALE OF KING YUNAN & SAGE DUBAN CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister? Tell the tale.\"_\n\n_Pearls, thought Scheherazade, let them roll from my lips._\n\n  isherman,\" said the jinni, \"your tale fascinates me. Let me out of this jar so I can hear better.\"\n\nThe fisherman laughed. \"I won't be tricked. Listen.\"\n\nSAGE DUBAN RUSHED TO THE PALACE AT KING YUNAN'S SUMMONS.\n\n\"Today you will die,\" said King Yunan.\n\nThe sage was aghast at the injustice. \"Please, King Yunan, if you spare me, the Almighty will reward you. If you destroy me, the Almighty will punish you.\"\n\n\"SAGE DUBAN SAID TO KING YUNAN WHAT I SAID TO YOU,\" said the fisherman.\n\n\"I noticed,\" said the jinni. \"But...\"\n\n\"Listen! Let me finish the tale.\"\n\nTHE EXECUTIONER RAISED HIS SWORD.\n\nSage Duban cried, \"Injustice as bad as in the tale of the reward of the crocodile.\"\n\n\"I don't know that story,\" said King Yunan. \"Tell it.\"\n\n\"Not now. I can't think. Let me prepare for death. I'll give alms to the poor and bring back a medical book, full of secrets. If you open it to the sixth leaf, read the third line, and address my severed head, it will answer any question\u2014with knowledge from this world and the other side.\"\n\nWhen Sage Duban returned, he poured powder on a platter. \"Place my head here. Then open this book and ask what you wish.\"\n\nThe executioner sliced off Sage Duban's head. He pressed it onto the powder. Sage Duban's eyes opened. \"Now, Your Majesty.\"\n\nThe king opened the book. But the pages were stuck together. He licked his finger to separate them. He licked his finger over and over as he pawed pages. All were blank. The king felt light-headed. He swayed.\n\n\"Ah,\" said Sage Duban. \"Listen to my verse.\"\n\n_This king could have grown old and fat._\n\n_Instead, he dies pitiless; tit for tat._\n\nThe king fell dead from the poison on the pages. Sage Duban's head also died.\n\n\"See?\" said the fisherman. \"When you show mercy, things go better for you.\"\n\n\"I was wrong,\" said the jinni. \"Kindness is the rule, even to those who wrong you. Do not do to me what Imama did to Atika.\"\n\n\"I don't know that tale.\"\n\n\"I can't tell it now. I can hardly breathe,\" said the jinni. \"But I pledge that if you release me, I will do you no harm. To the contrary, I will make you rich.\"\n\nThe fisherman knelt and intoned his evening prayers. The jinni was right: Kindness was the rule. He set the jinni free.\n\nThe jinni kicked back into the sea. \"Follow me.\" He led the fisherman over a mountain and to a lake. He told him to cast his net, for he would catch fish in many colors to sell to the king for untold riches. Then the jinni kicked the earth and it swallowed him.\n\n_Morning came. And you know very well what Dinarzad and Shah Rayar andScheherazade did. None of them knew how long this ruse could go on\u2014because by now all three knew it was a ruse. Wolves toy with shepherds, thought Scheherazade. Is this husband-king a wolf? But the answer mattered not. The ruse would go on for at least one more night. One more night, one more dawn, one more hope.   _\n\n_The pages of Sage Duban's book stuck together. King Yunan licked his fingers to try to unstick them. Each lick brought poison to his mouth. So the king died along with the sage._\n\n_Inside a chest that had been thrown into the sea, the caliph, with his vizier and his servant, found something terrible\u2014 a girl's body. Who had killed her? And why?_\n\nNIGHT 20\n\nTHE TALE OF THREE APPLES\n\n_When Dinarzad asked for a tale,Scheherazade said it was up to the king. Shah Rayar touched her cheek.\"You were at the market today.\" \"I saw you watch me choose apples,\" said Scheherazade. \"Now I'll tell you the tale of the three apples.\" \"Good,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Apples are rosy, like your cheeks. I enjoy them.\" \"Apples? Or my cheeks?\" \"Both.\"_\n\n  aliph Harun al-Rashid was walking with his vizier Ja'far and his servant Masrur when they came across a fisherman so poor his bare feet bled.\n\nPity stirred in the caliph's chest. \"Cast your net in the Tigris River. I'll pay a hundred dinars for whatever you catch.\"\n\nThe fisherman ran to the river. His net brought up a chest, which Masrur carried on his shoulder to the palace. Inside that was a palm-leaf basket stitched with red yarn. Inside that was a scrap of carpet. Under the carpet was a cloak folded in four. At the very bottom was the body of a dead girl.\n\n\"Ja'far!\" shouted the caliph, \"find the murderer or I will have you and 40 of your kinsmen killed.\"\n\nJa'far didn't know how to find murderers. He went home and hid. On the third day, the caliph had Ja'far brought to him for hanging with his 40 kinsmen.\n\nAs Ja'far stood despairing, a young man emerged from the crowd. \"I murdered that girl,\" he said. \"Hang me instead.\"\n\nAn old man stepped forward. \"No, I murdered her. Hang me.\"\n\nJa'far kissed the ground at the caliph's feet seven times and presented the two men.\n\n\"Which of you murdered the girl?\" asked the caliph.\n\nBoth said they did it\u2014alone. But the young man must be guilty, for he knew of the basket, the yarn, the carpet, the cloak\u2014all the details of what was in the chest.\n\n\"But why?\" asked the caliph. \"Tell what happened.\"\n\nThe girl was my wife and the daughter of this old man. She bore me three sons. Then she got gravely ill. One day she craved a bite of apple. But the market had no apples. Nor did the orchards. I had to travel a week to Basra to buy three apples. In my two weeks' absence, my wife had worsened. She couldn't look at apples, much less eat them.\n\nSoon after, a servant passed my shop holding an apple. He told me his lover gave it to him. \"Her stupid husband traveled a half month to buy her three.\"\n\nI rushed home and asked my wife where the three apples were. One was missing! That servant had told the truth! In a rage, I killed her and threw the chest in the Tigris.\n\nWhen I got home, my son was crying. He'd stolen one of his mother's apples that morning and brought it to market where a servant snatched it. He told the thief how his father had traveled half a month to Basra and back just to fetch that apple and two others for his ailing mother. My son pleaded for the apple. The thief laughed. The boy hid till night, then came home.\n\n\"So,\" said the young man, \"I murdered my beloved wife. Hang me.\"\n\n\"No,\" said the caliph \"I will hang the thief. Find him, Ja'far. Or it's you I'll hang.\"\n\nJa'far had no idea how to find the thief. He went home and hid again. On the third day, the caliph's messenger came to fetch Ja'far for hanging.\n\n_Daylight dawned. \"The loyal vizier doesn't deserve to die,\" said the king. \"I must know what happens. Finish the tale in the coming night.\" Scheherazade would live another day. The east wind bore the fragrance of cloves. Scheherazade had stayed away from her mother these past 20 days to spare her extra pain. But today she would visit and bury her face in her mother's clove-stained hands. For she sorely needed her help.  _\n\n**Political Leaders**\n\nCredit 11.1\n\n_A camel caravan stops at an oasis during the Abbasid period._\n\n**A caliph is the highest-ranking political officer of anIslamic government. Caliph Harun al-Rashid was a real political leader, ruling Baghdad between 786 and 809. His vizier was Ja'far al-Barmaki. From 750 through the next 300 years, all caliphs were members of the Abbasid family. Like kings, they inherited their political positions. But as Islam spread west across northern Africa and east through Turkey, the Abbasid period\u2014known as the Islamic Golden Age\u2014ended. Various provincial governors and members of ruling families (sultans and amirs) gained importance instead.**\nNIGHT 21\n\nTHE TALE OF THE VIZIER'S TWO SONS\n\n_Scheherazade sipped a special tincture. It smelled like fennel. Her mother had given it to her that afternoon. Women who sipped it didn't bearchildren. This thought bored a hole in Scheherazade's heart. But what else could she do? If she should be killed while a child grew within her, the child would die, too. That thought bored a hole through her whole self. \"Awaken, Scheherazade,\" called Dinarzad. \"Amaze us with a story.\" Scheherazade dabbed at the corners of her mouth._\n\n  he vizier Ja'far made his household members weep for his coming doom. As he hugged his daughter, he felt a bulge in her pouch. It was an apple that their servant, Rayhan, had made her pay two dinars for. Ja'far called for Rayhan. \"Where did you get this apple?\"\n\n\"From a child whose father had brought them from Basra for his sick mother.\"\n\nJa'far couldn't believe his luck in finding the culprit. But it was bitter that the culprit was someone he cared for. Still, he took Rayhan to the caliph and explained all.\n\n\"What a marvelous coincidence. Your servant caused the death of the woman in the chest.\" The caliph laughed.\n\nHis laughter gave Ja'far an idea. \"Let me tell you the tale of the vizier's two sons. If you find it more marvelous, please pardon my servant.\"\n\nLONG AGO THE KING OF CAIRO'S VIZIER HAD TWO SONS, SHAMS AL-DIN Muhammad and Nur al-Din Ali. When the vizier died, the king appointed his sons as vizier together. Shams al-Din Muhammad was vizier one week; Nur al-Din Ali, the next.\n\nOne day, Shams al-Din Muhammad had to leave on a journey. The night before he left he suggested to his brother that they find sisters to marry in a joint wedding. \"If our wives conceive on our wedding night, and yours bears a son and mine bears a daughter, let these cousins be married.\n\n\"What dowry will you require?\" asked Nur al-Din Ali.\n\n_The King of Basra's vizier had a lovely daughter. When the stranger Nur al-Din Ali arrived in town on his donkey, the vizier liked him, so he wed his daughter to him._\n\n\"Three thousand dinars, three orchards, three farms.\"\n\n\"You should offer your daughter for nothing!\" said Nur al-Din Ali. \"Besides, a son is worth more than a daughter.\"\n\n\"A curse upon you!\" shouted Shams al-Din Muhammad. \"Your frog-faced runt of a son is not worth the clipped-off ends of my daughter's nails after grooming. Not even her toenail clippings!\"\n\nIn the morning, Nur al-Din Ali filled his saddlebags with gold coins, slung it over his she-mule, added a seat of silk carpet, and crossed the desert. After weeks, he arrived in the port city of Basra.\n\nHe happened upon the King of Basra's vizier. The vizier took to him and offered his daughter in marriage. \"My brother is a vizier in Egypt,\" the vizier announced to his friends. \"We promised one another our children would marry. This is my brother's son, who has come to marry my daughter.\"\n\nNur al-Din Ali gaped. He had not told the old vizier that he was from Egypt nor that he was a son of a vizier. This lie felt remarkably apt to him.\n\nThat night the old vizier held a banquet of roasted geese and ox served in silver vessels. The witnesses signed the marriage contract. Spirals of incense rose as the guests left.\n\nNow the old vizier asked Nur al-Din Ali to tell him honestly why he had come to Basra. So the man told his story. The vizier laughed that the brothers had fought over children who didn't exist yet.\n\nMeanwhile, back in Cairo, Shams al-Din Muhammad was having his own adventures.\n\n_Morning light dappled the net over the bed. Scheherazade hushed._\n\n_Shah Rayar gazed around the room. \"I enjoy early hours._\n\n_When I was small, I went exploring atdawn, whilst the birds were still in their nests. Do you enjoy the dawn?\"_\n\n_\"The hand in water isn't like the hand in fire,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n_\"What does that mean?\"_\n\n_\"I enjoy the dawn only once you've said there will be another.\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar blinked. Were her words a reproach?_\n\n_But her face was placid, her tone gentle. \"I look forward to the coming night's tale,\" he said.  _\n\n_Badr al-Din Hasan's father gave him a scroll that told the story of his leaving Egypt and coming to Basra. The boy sewed it into his turban to keep it safe._\n\nNIGHT 22\n\nTHE TALE OF THE VIZIER'S TWO SONS CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister,\" called Dinarzad._\n\n_\"You needn't say more,\" answered Scheherazade._\n\n  a'far wanted to save his servant\u2014the apple thief\u2014and resumed the tale of the vizier's two sons, who had battled and separated.\n\nWHILE NUR AL-DIN ALI WAS IN BASRA, HIS ELDER BROTHER, Shams al-Din Muhammad, visited the pyramids with the King of Egypt. When they returned home, Shams al-Din Muhammad planned to make up with his dear brother. But Nur al-Din Ali was gone. Shams al-Din Muhammad sent couriers to find him. To no avail. He moaned. And gave up.\n\nShams al-Din Muhammad decided to marry a merchant's daughter. By chance, their wedding day in Cairo was the same as the wedding day of Nur al-Din Ali to the vizier's daughter in Basra. Nine moons later, a daughter was born to Shams al-Din Muhammad and a son to Nur al-Din Ali.\n\nThe boy was radiant as the sun, calm as the moon. A mole on his right cheek set off the polished-marble smoothness of the rest of him. His name was Badr al-Din Hasan. Soon after his birth, his grandfather, the vizier, brought his son-in-law before the King of Basra and persuaded him to make Nur al-Din Ali the vizier in his place.\n\nBy the time Badr al-Din Hasan was 12, he could read and write in Arabic, he knew mathematics and jurisprudence, he was skilled at calligraphy. One day, Nur al-Din Ali took his son into the city. The people's eyes widened at the grace of the youth. His speech was honey; his smile put the sun to shame. After that, father and son went together everywhere, for Nur al-Din Ali felt himself growing feeble. He had to prepare his son to become vizier.\n\nAs the years passed, Nur al-Din Ali missed Egypt and his big brother more and more. One day, he sat down and wept. He told his son of his uncle, the vizier in Egypt. Then he wrote down the story of his departure from Egypt and recorded his wedding date. He rolled up the papyrus and told his son to keep this scroll. Badr al-Din Hasan, who was now 20 years old, sewed the scroll into the skullcap of his turban for safekeeping.\n\nBy this time Nur al-Din Ali writhed with the pains of imminent death. \"Son, listen well. I have five pieces of advice for you.\n\n\"First, live alone. None can be trusted.\n\n\"Second, be good to all, or you will incur evil.\n\n\"Third, speak rarely, so you don't rue your words.\n\n\"Fourth, avoid wine. It will lead you astray.\n\n\"Fifth, protect your wealth. It is your safety.\"\n\nThe vizier died. For two cycles of the moon Badr al-Din Hasan mourned his father.\n\nMeanwhile, the king was without a vizier. He wanted Badr al-Din Hasan's counsel. When the young man didn't come to him, he appointed another as vizier, and in a fit of anger he ordered his envoys to seize Badr al-Din Hasan's belongings and lock him out of his home.\n\nBut a man raced to warn Badr al-Din Hasan. In the chaos of the moment, the young man covered his head with his robe and ran to visit his father's tomb. On the way there he met a merchant, traveling to the city.\n\n_Scheherazade sighed with the morning light and fell back into the pillows. \"Tell more in the coming night,\" begged Dinarzad. \"Yes,\" saidShah Rayar. \"Nur al-Din Ali gave his son good advice. I must know if he will follow it now that he has so much trouble.\" Good advice? Did the king truly believe you should trust no one? Scheherazade had put her trust in her sister, and her life continued because of that. What a sad man was this king. Against her will, Scheherazade felt sorry for him. He needed to learn to trust. And he needed to laugh. He needed both very badly.   _\n\nNIGHT 23\n\nTHE TALE OF THE VIZIER'S TWO SONS CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister?\" \"Hmmm,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n_\"Wife?\" \"Yes,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n  a'far saw that the caliph was enthralled. Maybe he really could save his servant. He continued the tale.\n\nWHEN BADR AL-DIN HASAN TOLD THE MERCHANT HIS NAME, THE merchant was amazed. He had known the youth's father. And he knew that the father's merchant ship was soon coming loaded with goods. He gave the youth a thousand dinars for those goods. Badr al-Din Hasan put the dinars in the purse hanging from his belt. Then he slept on his father's tomb.\n\nThe jinniya of that cemetery saw him and was smitten. \"Feast your eyes,\" she said to a jinni as she showed him the sleeping youth.\n\n\"He is handsome,\" said the jinni. \"But in Cairo I saw a girl whose loveliness makes the stars, moon, and sun drip with envy. She's daughter of vizier Shams al-Din Muhammad. The king wanted to marry her. But the vizier had just learned that his brother had died in Basra, leaving behind a son\u2014and the girl was betrothed to him.\"\n\n\"What a lunatic,\" said the jinniya. \"Who turns down a king?\"\n\n\"Indeed. Outraged, the king ordered the girl to marry a cockroach of a man. And the poor girl is the most magnificent human ever.\"\n\n\"No,\" said the jinniya. \"This youth is more magnificent.\"\n\n\"Well, then he's the husband for her. Let's bring him to her fast.\"\n\nThe two jinn carried the youth to Cairo, and set him on a bench.\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan woke and looked around bewildered. The jinni bid him go the bathhouse. A man there was preparing for marriage. He should join the wedding procession. If anyone from the bride's procession approached him, he should reach into his purse, where he would find gold coins, and give out handfuls.\n\n**Bathing Through the Ages**\n\nCredit 14.1\n\n_The Arab baths at Reales Alc\u00e1zares in Seville, Spain_\n\n**The earliestpublic baths date back 4,000 to 5,000 years, to a civilization in the Indus Valley\u2014now Afghanistan and Pakistan. Many cultures have had public baths since, sometimes simply for bathing, but sometimes for social or religious activities. In medieval Japan baths were housed in Buddhist temples and were part of a ritual of purification. In this tale the groom bathes as part of a Muslim cleansing ritual before marriage.**\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan threw gold coins into the singing women's tambourines. The procession went to the home of the vizier, who was the youth's uncle, unbeknownst to them. At the door, the guards turned away strangers, but the singing women insisted the youth who had given them gold be admitted.\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan sat at the groom's right. The groom picked his nose, scratched his buttocks, spit everywhere, and scowled. In contrast, the youth had a gentle, curious smile.\n\nThe women played tambourines and flutes as the bride entered. Her braids looped over pearled pouches perfumed with cardamom, ambergris, sandalwood. Birds with ruby eyes, green beryl feet, and golden bills decorated her robe. At her throat hung round blue gems. Yet all that glitter couldn't detract from her eyes, liquid and innocent.\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan swam in those eyes and nearly drowned.\n\nThe girl entered the hall fearful. She prayed that the one known as the cockroach had a good heart. But now she saw a youth that looked so much like her he could be taken for her brother. He looked back at her with a hunger that made her blush. Could that be the groom?\n\nThe girl dropped her veil. She stood before the youth and nearly wished to die. This was not the groom, for no one would call him a cockroach. Her groom must be the nose-picker beside him.\n\nThe guests departed. The groom said to Badr al-Din Hasan, \"Leave, stranger. The night belongs to the bride and me.\"\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan walked away. The jinni stopped him. \"Wait here,\" he said. \"When the groom goes to the privy, hurry into the bedchamber. Tell the bride you are her true husband.\"\n\n_The twittering of a white wagtail announced the coming day._\n\n_\"Tell more in the coming night,\" saidShah Rayar._\n\n_Scheherazade rolled to her side and faced the king. Her fingers played along the pillow fringe. \"What do you think? Should the youthtrust the jinn?\"_\n\n_\"He must! That girl is his cousin. They're betrothed.\"_\n\n_\"But what about his father's first piece of advice?\" Scheherazade feigned confusion. \"He said, 'Live alone. None can be trusted.' \"_\n\n_\"Now and then, we must trust. The trick is in knowing when and who,\" Shah Rayar replied._\n\n_Good, thought Scheherazade. Now to get the king to laugh.  _\n\n_Badr al-Din Hasan, the handsome man, sat beside the cockroach of a groom. When the bride entered, she wished she could marry the charming youth, but she knew she was doomed to be with the cockroach._\n\n_Frightful surprises rose from the privy: a yowling cat that turned into a braying donkey that turned into a snorting buffalo. The cockroach of a groom fell back in shock._\n\nNIGHT 24\n\nTHE TALE OF THE VIZIER'S TWO SONS CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister? Please continue your tale,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Of course,\" said Scheherazade_\n\n  a'far knew he must make the end of his tale more stunning than ever. The life of his servant depended on it.\n\nYOUNG BADR AL-DIN HASAN STOOD UNCERTAIN. SHOULD HE TRUST THE jinni? If the cockroach was the rightful husband of that girl, going into the bedchamber would be a lasting offense, the sort a man might kill another over.\n\nBut then he remembered the girl's eyes. And he remembered something his mother once said: \"If you steal, steal a camel.\" A camel was a man's most valuable belonging. So stealing a camel was the most despicably horrible act. He swallowed the painful lump in his throat. He wanted to be a good person, not a thief, but he felt linked to this girl.\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan kissed the air\u2014for he was now free and alive and he didn't know how much longer he would be. He squared his shoulders and walked into the bedchamber.\n\nIn the meantime, the groom sat in the privy doing what people do in privies. \"Meow,\" came a screech from below. The groom jumped to his feet. Out of the privy flew a black cat. \"Meooooooow!\" The cat swelled huge, claws merged into hooves, whiskers became muzzle: It was a donkey. \"Hee-haw!\" \"Help!\" called the groom.\n\nThe donkey swelled and became a buffalo. He put his face to the groom's and said, \"Nasty runt! You stole my wife!\"\n\nThe groom shook his head hard. \"The king forced me. I never wanted the vizier's daughter. And no one told me she had a buffalo husband.\"\n\n\"Stay in this privy,\" said the buffalo, who was really the jinni in disguise. \"If you leave, I'll smash you dead. When dawn breaks, then leave. Never come back.\" The buffalo-jinni picked the groom up and stuck him headfirst into the privy. The groom kicked the air.\n\nAll this meant that Badr al-Din Hasan encountered no one when he entered the bedchamber. He lifted the net covering, climbed onto the bed, and waited.\n\nMoments later a small hand lifted the net again. The girl stared. \"It's you. I thought someone awful would be here. But it's you. Have I lost my mind? Am I seeing what isn't real?\"\n\n\"I'm Badr al-Din Hasan. I'm real. What's your name?\"\n\n\"Sitt al-Husn.\"\n\n\"You're my wife,\" said Badr al-Din Hasan. Then he said what the jinni had told him to add: \"The king paid that other man to pretend to marry you as a joke.\"\n\n\"I didn't find it funny.\" She shook her head and her curls swayed. \"But now I guess I do.\" She laughed.\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan took off his belt, from which hung the purse with the thousand dinars that the merchant had paid him. He tucked it under the mattress. He took off his turban and skullcap, inside which was sewn his father's message, and put them under the mattress, too. Then he patted the bed beside him. \"Shall we get to know one another?\"\n\nAfterward, the newlyweds fell asleep, cuddled together.\n\nThe two jinn now entered the room. \"We must return the youth to the cemetery before he's found in this bedchamber and put to death,\" said the jinniya. They lifted Badr al-Din Hasan and flew across the desert. But soon the first call to prayer rang out and an angel of the Almighty hurled a star at them. The jinni went up in flames. He died instantly. The jinniya managed to carry Badr al-Din Hasan to the city right below\u2014the city of Damascus\u2014but she didn't dare stay with him since the angels had targeted her.\n\n**Fear of the Dark**\n\nCredit 15.1\n\n_The full moon at night is reflected on the ocean below._\n\n**The two jinn of this tale fly around atnight, but sleep during the day. If they are active in daytime, angels will try to kill them\u2014as in this story. The fear of nasty and sometimes mortally dangerous night creatures is found in many cultures. Cave paintings from more than 10,000 years ago depict them. These days many stories about vampires and other night monsters sound foolish, but they may well have their roots in more profound ideas about good, evil, and free will.**\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan lay at the city gates, wearing nothing but his shirt. People gathered, thinking he must be a drunkard, though a handsome one with a fine shirt. Their gossip woke him. Badr al-Din Hasan asked where he was.\n\nSomeone answered, \"Don't you know? Where did you fall asleep last night?\"\n\n\"Cairo,\" said Badr al-Din Hasan.\n\n\"Drunk, indeed! You can't fall asleep in Cairo and wind up awake in Damascus. It's many days' journey in between.\"\n\n\"But it's true,\" said Badr al-Din Hasan. \"Yesterday morning I was in Basra. Last night in Cairo. This morning in Damascus.\"\n\n\"He's not drunk, he's insane. Let's lock him up.\"\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan ran from the crowd. He went to the first open shop, a cook's shop. It happened that this cook had once been a frightful robber. That was behind him now, but still people feared him. So no one followed Badr al-Din Hasan into the shop.\n\n\"What's this all about?\" asked the cook. He listened to the whole story and raised an eyebrow. \"Surely the Almighty has plans for you. I'll adopt you as my son and protect you.\"\n\nMeanwhile, the vizier of Egypt, Shams al-Din Muhammad, went into the bedchamber to find his daughter. \"Alas, dear Sitt al-Husn. How dreadful your night must have been.\"\n\n\"Dreadful? My night was delightful.\"\n\n\"You call a night with that wretch delightful?\"\n\n\"Don't joke anymore, Father. You know I spent the night with the beautiful stranger. He must have gone off to the privy now.\"\n\nShams al-Din Muhammad ran to the privy and found the groom facedown in the toilet. He pulled him out. \"What happened?\"\n\n\"You're all crazy!\" shouted the groom. \"Don't you know your daughter's married to a buffalo?\"\n\nShams al-Din Muhammad went back to his daughter's bedchamber and found the skullcap with the message sewn inside it, the one his brother had written before he died, and he realized that Badr al-Din Hasan was his nephew. Then he found the 1,000 dinars in the purse and he assumed this was the dowry. Ah, he must now find the youth and welcome him home. But that turned out to be harder than he ever could have imagined.\n\nFor the next 10 years, Badr al-Din Hasan lived far from his cousin-wife and from the son that was born nine months after the wedding. Many things happened before Shams al-Din Muhammad finally found his nephew and brought him back to Cairo. Poor Badr al-Din Hasan didn't know that this was his uncle bringing him home\u2014instead, he thought he was a prisoner. Shams al-Din Muhammad told his daughter Sitt al-Husn to go into her bedchamber and when her long-lost husband should enter, she should greet him as though nothing had happened. Then Shams al-Din Muhammad sent Badr al-Din Hasan into the bedchamber of his cousin-wife.\n\n_Sitt al-Husn joked with her long-lost husband, Badr al-Din Hasan. When he appeared after a 10-year absence, she remarked on how long he'd been in the privy, as though it was no surprise at all to see him._\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan finally recognized where he was. This was his wife in front of him. How did it all happen?\n\nHis wife, Sitt al-Husn, smiled. \"That was rather long in the privy.\"\n\n\"And that,\" said Ja'far, \"is the tale of the vizier's two sons.\"\n\n\"Packed with coincidence,\" said the caliph.\n\n\"More coincidence than this event with the apples and the dead woman we found in the chest in the Tigris. Yes?\" Ja'far looked at the caliph with hope.\n\nHis servant hugged himself tight and waited.\n\n\"Yes,\" said the caliph. \"Your servant can live.\"\n\n_A rooster crowed at sunrise. Scheherazade closed her mouth.\"Marvelous,\" said Dinarzad. \"What is still hidden is more than what has been revealed,\" said Scheherazade.\"Please tell us in the coming night,\" said Dinarzad. \"If it pleases the king.\"Shah Rayar was watching Scheherazade with a strange look on his face. His lips quivered. Then he smiled. \"Don't you know your daughter's married to a buffalo?\" he asked in a mimic of the cockroach groom. He grinned. \"That was rather long in the privy.\" And he fell backward laughing. Scheherazade laughed, too. She had started out telling tales to save the people, and look how many girls' lives she'd already saved by staying alive. But maybe her tales could do other things, as well. She looked at her laughing husband. Maybe her tales could save a soul._\n\n_Qamar al-Zaman was banished to a cold tower room because of his disobedience toward his father. The jinniya Maimuna discovered the handsome youth there\u2014much to her joy._\n\nNIGHT 51\n\nTHE TALE OF QAMAR AL-ZAMAN\n\n_\"Sister? Tell a tale,\" begged Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Willingly,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n   king called Shah Riman wanted to see his son married before he died. He imagined an elaborate wedding and told his son, Qamar al-Zaman, who was but 15, about it.\n\nQamar al-Zaman, gentle and dutiful as well as a stunning gift to the eye, shook his head. \"I won't marry. I've heard of women's treachery.\"\n\nShah Riman felt the world go dark. But he adored his son, so he waited two years before he repeated his request. Qamar al-Zaman fell to his knees. \"The Almighty demands obedience from a son. And my affection presses me to obey. But, alas, I will not marry.\" He recited famous poetry about wily wives and afflicted husbands.\n\nBaffled, Shah Riman consulted his vizier. The vizier stroked his long beard. \"Wait a year. Then gather the amirs and soldiers. He cannot disobey in their presence.\"\n\nA year later, Shah Riman gathered friends and summoned his son, who kissed the ground at his father's feet three times, then stood.\n\n\"It is time to wed.\"\n\nThe young man hung his head. Not again. Was his father getting feeble-brained? And look how he'd filled the room with witnesses to coerce a yes. Unfair tactics!\n\n\"Never will I marry!\"\n\nShah Riman's heart burst. Everyone was watching; the shame was unbearable. He shouted, \"Seize him!\"\n\nThe king's mamluks, his warriors, dragged Qamar al-Zaman to a tower. The flagstone floor and crumbling walls were dank. The terrified prince stared into the shadows beyond the lantern. He had never wanted to hurt his kind father. What a wretch he was. A servant brought in food. The boy ate listlessly, said his prayers, and stretched out on a mattress, his heavy head on the ostrich-feather pillow. He fell into a troubled sleep.\n\nMeanwhile, Shah Riman went numb as death. How had everything gone so wrong? \"You caused public humiliation,\" he said to his vizier. \"You made me close the light of my life in a tower. Fix it!\"\n\n\"Leave your son in the tower for 15 days,\" said the vizier. \"He will obey you then.\"\n\nTears pooled in the hollows of Shah Riman's eyes.\n\nNear the tower was a well where the jinniya Maimuna lived. Maimuna stretched her wings, readying herself for a night of eavesdropping on angels, when she noticed light under the tower door. Curious, she slipped inside in her magic way. She lifted a silk sheet: A youth slept there, hair black as the ocean bed, ruddy lips, round cheeks, eyebrows curved like a new moon. Her mouth watered.\n\n_First light glinted off the mirror.Scheherazade's hands had danced in the air as she talked. Now they folded together as if in prayer. Shah Rayar closed his hands around hers. He kissed her, on the cheek, on the nose, between the eyes. Her husband had kissed her often, but never between the eyes. And never so tenderly.\"Qamar al-Zaman is right; marriage brings tragedy,\" said Shah Rayar. \"And you knew this. For you made up his story.\" \"Not all marriages bring tragedy, my king.\" \"But far too many do.\" Tears glistened on Shah Rayar's cheeks. Though her husband had kissed her many times before, Scheherazade had never kissed him back. Now she moved her face slowly slowly through the dawn air. She planted a whisper of a kiss on the spot of cheek above his beard, another on the tip of his nose, a third between his eyes. She knew he held his breath, for she could hear it cease. She knew his heart stopped beating, for that too she heard cease. \"Not all, Husband.\" From under the bed came the sounds of Dinarzad, moving to get comfortable. But the girl didn't speak. She was growing wise beyond her years.\"I look forward to the coming night's tale,\" said Shah Rayar. Scheherazade breathed easy again. \"Even more, I look forward to our time before we fall asleep.\" \"As do I,\" said Scheherazade. And she realized she meant it. When Shah Rayar left the bedchamber, Scheherazade poured the rest of the tincture of silphium out the window before she could rethink her actions. Dinarzad came to her side. \"What was that? It made the world smell like fennel.\" \"Only for an instant. Smell again. See? It's gone.\" Sometimes we make terrible mistakes. Other times we take blessed action. Scheherazade touched a fingertip to her cheek, to her nose, to the place between her eyes. May this moment be of the latter kind._\n\nNIGHT 52\n\nTHE TALE OF QAMAR AL-ZAMAN CONTINUES\n\n_\"Wake, Sister! I'm worried about Qamar al-Zaman,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Yes,\" said Shah Rayar. \"I'm breathless with suspense.\"_\n\n_\"Listen well, my dears,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n   he jinniya Maimuna stared at the youth. It would be easy to gnash him between her teeth. Her chest swelled eagerly. But then she curled her talons in. The youth's beauty made her think of the Almighty's glory. She flew off, dizzy with infatuation.\n\nSoon she heard the rapid beat of wings behind her. She swooped, hawklike. Snag! Struggling in her grasp was Dahnash, the stupidest of jinn, but in this moment he displayed cunning, for he pleaded in the name of the Almighty. Had he seen a vision of holiness in her face? \"Mercy?\" said Maimuna. \"Maybe. But first, tell me where you've come from so fast.\"\n\n\"Farthest China,\" said Dahnash. \"I will tell you of a wonder if you set me free with a note that says I am under your guardianship, forever safe from other jinn.\"\n\nMaimuna put her rat face in Dahnash's birdie one. \"Speak.\"\n\nDahnash told of King al-Ghayur in China. He owned seven castles, one each of crystal, marble, iron, jewels, bricks and colored stones, silver, and gold. He built them for his daughter, Princess Budur. The princess was to live in each castle for a year, till she had lived in all.\n\nKings from near and far came to ask for the gorgeous princess's hand in marriage. But Princess Budur wanted no man to rule her. Suitors rose to the challenge. After all, something won against the odds is a true treasure. The more suitors she rejected, the more suitors came.\n\nKing al-Ghayur pressed his daughter to marry. In anger, Princess Budur said, \"Entreat me no further, or I will throw myself upon a sword.\" The king drew back, aghast. Did she actually mean that? He closed her away in a room with 10 duennas\u2014elderly ladies\u2014as guards. King al-Ghayur announced that his daughter had gone mad and needed seclusion.\n\n\"That is where Princess Budur, the most beautiful human in the world, abides now,\" said Dahnash. \"At night I gaze on her loveliness.\"\n\n\"Lovely, perhaps,\" said Maimuna, \"but she is not the most beautiful human. I have gazed upon the one who owns that title, earlier tonight.\"\n\nThe jinn argued the point. In the end, they agreed that the only way to settle the debate was to see the youth and the princess side by side. They flew to the far China island and carried Princess Budur, so weary from prisoner-melancholy that she never woke. They lay her beside the youth and compared them from every angle. The jinni thought the girl more beautiful; the jinniya, the youth. Finally, Maimuna slapped the ground and out sprang a one-eyed, scabby, twisted jinni. Pus ran from his ears. Rats peeked from his beard. He drooled. \"Qashqash, be judge. Which of these humans is more beautiful?\"\n\nQashqash danced in his hobbley-gobbley way. \"You must wake each in turn while the other sleeps, and see if one falls madly in love with the other. The one who does is, by logic, the less beautiful.\"\n\n**Beauty& Piety**\n\nCredit 17.1\n\n_A Muslim woman in Malaysia_\n\n**In these tales, beautiful creatures are often presented as desirable and ugly creatures as horrible. This focus on external looks and emphasis on beauty was common in the medieval world, not just in the Middle East, but throughout Europe, and in many other times and places from the ancient world to today. Perhaps traditional notions of beauty were connected to ideas of health; that is, if you looked good and smelled good (with the help of perfume), maybe you were healthy\u2014a reproductive and survival benefit.**\n\n_The rising sun formed a halo around Shah Rayar, on his side looking at Scheherazade. His eyes were pools of warmth, inviting her to bathe in them. Scheherazade ran her fingers along that halo, coming close enough to stir the hair on his neck, shoulder, and arm but never touch his skin. \"Who will win?\" asked Dinarzad.\"You'll learn in the coming night. If it should please the king.\" \"Let's desist with this ritual of questions,\" said Shah Rayar. \"I will announce when the tales have ended. Until then, continue each night, Scheherazade.\" Until his announcement, yes\u2014until then, life would go on. The future fell like wounded soldiers, looking up and waiting, helpless, with only one question on their minds: Would the next face to appear above them be foe or friend?_\n\n_Who was more beautiful, prince or princess? Qashqash posed a test of logic: The one who fell in love with the other was the lesser beauty._\n\n_Qamar al-Zaman tried to wake the girl in his bed, but she slept in a flea-bite trance. He took her ring. Then the youth fell into a trance and Princess Budur awoke. She was instantly smitten._\n\nNIGHT 53\n\nTHE TALE OF QAMAR AL-ZAMAN CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister...\" \"Listen well.\"_\n\n   he two jinn had to figure out who was more beautiful, youth or princess, using Qashqash's test. Dahnash transformed into a flea and bit Qamar al-Zaman. The prince woke and slapped at his neck. But Dahnash had already moved to the princess and bitten her, too; differently\u2014this bite put her into a trancelike sleep.\n\nQamar al-Zaman sat up. A girl was in his bed! With hair as black as his, eyebrows curved in the same way, cheeks round and ruddy as his own. He felt he looked in a mirror that reflected an improved self. Was she real? He reached for her shoulder, but she rolled and her mouth fell open, like a child's. Qamar al-Zaman lowered his face to hers. Her warm breath rustled his cheek down. He was overcome with the sense of her purity. She must be honest, forthright, loving. How he decided all this from only her aspect in sleep is a mystery of love, for the youth was definitely in love. \"Awaken, my darling.\" But Princess Budur couldn't wake from that trance. The prince moved his lips until they were above hers. One perfect kiss\u2014that's all he wanted.\n\nDahnash jiggled with pleasure. The prince was intoxicated; Dahnash had won!\n\nQamar al-Zaman came closer...then stopped. No, no stolen kiss. He would do the right thing. In the morning he'd tell his satisfied father that he would marry her. For surely his father had put her here; how else could she have passed the guard? He slipped the girl's ring onto his own finger. Aha! Even their fingers were the same size. Qamar al-Zaman turned his back and slept.\n\n\"See?\" said the jinniya Maimuna. \"Passion had no hold on him. Let's see if your princess can behave as well.\" She became a flea and bit Princess Budur on the belly. And, of course, she bit the youth, but with an entrancing bite.\n\nPrincess Budur's eyes flew open. A man lay beside her! She drew back in alarm. But he didn't move. She dared to lean across him to see his face. His face was soft\u2014or at least it looked soft; she didn't touch it. She had never touched a youth's face before. The more she studied it, the more she noticed details. Curved lines cupped his mouth; he must laugh a lot. Even closed, his eyes seemed to hold generosity of spirit.\n\nPrincess Budur touched her own throat. This was no bully. This was a sensitive soul. Good heavens, she was in love. \"Wake,\" said the princess. \"Come live with me and be my love.\" Qamar al-Zaman slept on. \"Do you spurn me?\" The princess took the youth's hand. And still Qamar al-Zaman slept on. \"What is this? You took my ring. Oh! That's an act of love if any there is. I shall do the same.\" She put Qamar al-Zaman's ring on. Then she wrapped her arms around him and slept.\n\n**Protecting the Insane**\n\nCredit 18.1\n\n_A princess sits alone, deep in thought about her prince._\n\n**In this tale, the prince and the princess are driven toinsanity because they have been kept apart. In the earlier tale of Badr al-Din Hasan (Night 23), a crowd thought he was insane and was going to lock him up. They might well have been thinking of a safe place to protect him rather than a prison, however. In many places the mentally ill were cast out of society, even as recently as a century ago. But the Muslim world was tolerant; therapy was needed, not banishment. As early as the ninth century, Baghdad and Cairo had hospital facilities for the mentally ill.**\n\n_Scheherazade rubbed her eyes at the dawn light. \"With her arms wrapping him, the story is neatly wrapped up,\" said Shah Rayar. He knit his brows. \"You make it seem simple. The prince had a belief, yet he let love sweep him off his feet. You make him a fool.\"_\n\n_\"What about the princess?\" said Scheherazade. \"She had a belief and let love sweep her off her feet.\"_\n\n_\"But her belief was wrong. Not all men want to rule their wives.\" \"Might it be that not all women betray their husbands?\" \"Perhaps. But it could never be so simple, not like in your story.\" The nugget of ice in the center of Scheherazade's chest\u2014that nugget that never melted\u2014 doubled in size. A straightforward love story could never hold this man's attention._\n\n_\"The story is not yet ended,\" said Scheherazade. \"And it is not simple, my husband.\"_\n\nNIGHT 54\n\nTHE TALE OF QAMAR AL-ZAMAN CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister?\" came the eager voice. \"Wife?\" came the curious voice.\"Patience,\" said Scheherazade. \"Let me fluff my pillow first.\" Ah, how good she had become at bluffing. How many skills of deception would she master before she died? \"Where were we?\" she asked nonchalantly. \"Oh, yes. The youth and girl were in love.\"_\n\n   he princess is hugging my youth,\" said Maimuna. \"I won. But I'll be generous, Dahnash. You can go on living anyway.\"\n\nDahnash and Qashqash carried the sleeping princess back to her home in China.\n\nIn the morning when Prince Qamar al-Zaman woke, he searched around, then called in the mamluk. \"What happened to the girl in my bed last night?\"\n\n\"No girl was in your bed last night.\"\n\n\"Don't lie!\" They quarreled. Qamar al-Zaman grew wild at the growing fear that the maiden might be withheld from him for good. He slapped the mamluk's ears, then bashed his head on the floor and, finally, dunked him headfirst in the well. \"I'll drown you if you don't tell the truth.\"\n\nSpluttering in terror, the mamluk cried, \"I will. But first let me go take off these soaking clothes and put on fresh ones.\"\n\n\"Go,\" said the prince. \"Hurry back!\"\n\nMeanwhile, the vizier was advising the distraught king to leave his son in the tower prison for a moon, to break his spirit. Certainly the youth would then agree to get married.\n\nThe mamluk burst in, dripping water and bleeding from his forehead. \"Disaster!\" He described what happened. \"The prince has gone mad.\"\n\n\"You stupid, worthless vizier,\" said the king. \"Look how badly things have gone. Go to the tower and fix this.\"\n\nThe vizier found Qamar al-Zaman reciting the Koran. \"What happened?\" asked the vizier, and he told what the mamluk had said.\n\nWhen Qamar al-Zaman saw that the vizier, too, pretended to know nothing about the girl, he grabbed him by that long beard and dragged him\u2014bumping across flagstones, smashing against walls. \"Tell me,\" he said with each marching step. \"Tell me, tell me, tell me about that girl.\"\n\n_Shah Riman and Qamar al-Zaman stayed in a pavilion by the sea and prayed for understanding of the Almighty's plan. But the youth pined for the lost girl\u2014he couldn't sleep or eat._\n\n\"I will,\" cried the vizier. \"Let go!\" The prince dropped the vizier, who rubbed at his bruises. \"Let me catch my breath, then we can talk.\"\n\n\"No. It's time for action. Tell my father I will marry this girl he has chosen for me,\" said the prince. \"Immediately.\"\n\nAs soon as the vizier told the king, Shah Riman hurried to the tower. Alas, his most unfortunate son had gone batty. \"It's but a dream, my son.\"\n\n\"When you dream of battle, do you wake with a bloodied sword in your hand? Of course not.\"\n\nQamar al-Zaman held out his hand. \"This is her ring.\"\n\nShah Riman examined the ring. \"This changes everything. This is a mystery only the Almighty can solve. We must pray constantly.\"\n\n\"The kingdom cannot run without you, Your Majesty,\" said the vizier. \"Shut yourself away with the prince in a pavilion by the sea. Pray. But set aside two days a week for court ceremonials and judgments on the disputes and needs of your subjects.\"\n\nSo Shah Riman and Qamar al-Zaman moved to the pavilion and prayed. And Shah Riman performed his kingly duties twice a week. But no answer came from the Almighty. Moons grew full and waned and grew full again. Qamar al-Zaman couldn't eat or sleep.\n\nHe languished, looking ever more like a skeleton.\n\n_Light gleamed on Shah Rayar's top teeth._\n\n_\"You smile,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n_\"The story has taken an unexpected turn.\"_\n\n_\"I told you it wasn't simple.\"_\n\n_\"I will worry for the prince all day.\"_\n\n_\"And have you no worries for the princess?\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar touched Scheherazade's lips with a fingertip. \"I hadn't thought about her. But now I'm sure you'll give me much to think about regarding this maiden in the coming night's tale.\"_\n\n_When would this man ever see the woman's side of it on his own?_\n\n_Princess Budur suffered so from the disappearance of the youth that she ranted like a lunatic. Her father, at his wits' end, chained her up and sought cures from everyone everywhere._\n\nNIGHT 55\n\nTHE TALE OF QAMAR AL-ZAMAN CONTINUES\n\n_Scheherazade tucked a hair under her pillow. Later she would braid it with the 54 others she kept hidden in her jewelry box. She cleared her throat and began her 55th night of telling tales_\n\n   hile Qamar al-Zaman languished in his pavilion by the sea, Princess Budur fared even worse. She also had been shocked to wake alone. Her heart shook to pieces. Her wits vanished. She insisted the duennas tell her where the youth had gone. The duennas begged her to hush. There had been no youth in her room. Of course not. They were proper ladies; they would never allow a youth into her bedchamber.\n\nPrincess Budur grabbed a sword and swung it. The duennas ran to her father. King al-Ghayur tried to calm his daughter. When she demanded he tell her where he had hidden the youth, the bewildered king just shook his head.\n\nPrincess Budur shrieked. Her eyes rolled back in her head. She tore her clothes and hair. The king had no choice; he placed an iron chain around her neck and fastened the end to the window. She raved like a rabid dog.\n\nAnd the king grieved.\n\nBut King al-Ghayur would not allow his daughter to sink into the mire of insanity without a fight. He called together doctors, astrologers, wise men, masters of talismans. He promised his daughter in marriage to whoever could heal her. But to whoever tried and failed, he promised death. Soon the palace gate was adorned with the heads of failures. People stopped trying to cure her.\n\nThree dismal years passed. Princess Budur did naught but weep and rant.\n\nThe princess happened to have a foster brother named Marzuwan. During her sad ordeal, he had been traveling afar. Now he returned and asked how the princess was faring. When his mother told him, Marzuwan declared he must see her. So the old woman went to the palace and explained to the guard that her daughter had been brought up with Princess Budur and wished to pay a visit. The guard said this was against the rules\u2014but he'd allow it if the old woman and her daughter came late at night. The old woman went home and dressed Marzuwan as a woman and the two of them went back to the palace and into the princess's room.\n\nImmediately, Marzuwan shed his disguise. The princess blinked in confusion. Marzuwan incanted magic words to try to exorcise her demon.\n\n\"Brother, it is you, isn't it?\" said Princess Budur when Marzuwan hushed. \"Do you think I'm mad? Truly?\" And she recited a poem.\n\n_They find me mad and urge me to heal_\n\n_But my head and my heart my love did steal._\n\n_Until they bring him back to me_\n\n_Nothing, no one, nowhere can I be._\n\n\"You're in love,\" said Marzuwan. \"The most common madness of all. Yet you're in chains. Tell me what happened.\"\n\nShe showed him the ring on her finger and told all.\n\nMarzuwan set out to find the youth. He traveled from island to island, listening for news. A clue, a hint. Then he heard it: In a country far away\u2014six moons travel by land, one moon by sea\u2014lived the prince Qamar al-Zaman, who had gone mad with the same melancholy that afflicted Princess Budur. Marzuwan boarded a ship. But the night before he was to land, a tempest rose, ripped the sails, cracked the mast, and overturned the hull.\n\n_Scheherazade lifted her face to the warmth of morning. \"I love a good storm,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Poor Marzuwan,\" said Dinarzad. \"Poor prince and princess.\" \"Don't be dismayed,\" said Shah Rayar. \"There's more to come.\" \"Of course.\" They counted on Scheherazade so easily. The sun ran on tippy-toes across her nose and cheeks. It danced on her throat. Sink inside me, thought Scheherazade. Give energy to my voice. Save me._\n\nNIGHT 56\n\nTHE TALE OF QAMAR AL-ZAMAN CONTINUES\n\n_The night before, Scheherazade told the tale without waiting for anyone to ask. That was a mistake. They should ask. Then she could give\u2014like a commodity changing hands. They needed to understand these stories didn't simply happen. Scheherazade spent the day scanning the town, on the alert for details that might feed her tales. No one should take her sweat and tears for granted. She listened to the cicadas and waited. \"Sister?\" came Dinarzad's voice. \"Continue the tale of the storm, Wife.\" The storm. Is that all he cared about? Well, Scheherazade wouldn't dwell on the storm. These stories were her one bit ofcontrol in life. She would not yield that to him. Not that._\n\n   he storm ended. No more rain, lightning, thunder. The contents of the ship rolled on the seafloor. The men flailed in the rough surf. Waves washed Marzuwan toward the royal pavilion where Qamar al-Zaman lay listless. He had not eaten or drunk for days. Shah Riman slumped nearby, pulling mindlessly at the hair on his arm.\n\nHis vizier stood at the window. \"Someone's caught in the current. Your Majesty, may I open the sea gate for him?\"\n\n\"If you bring him inside, he'll see the depths to which my son has fallen. He'll tell, and people will gloat, for everyone is envious of royalty and wants to see us fail.\"\n\n\"If I don't, he'll drown.\"\n\n\"Bah! Save him. But if he tells, I'll have both your heads.\"\n\nThe vizier opened the gate. He caught Marzuwan by the hair and pulled him to safety. \"Inside the pavilion is a dying prince. Don't look at him, or we both die.\"\n\n\"Why is the prince dying?\"\n\n\"Three years ago he refused to marry, so his father locked him away. He claimed a maiden visited him and he took her ring. He pines for her. He's dying for her.\"\n\n**The Value of Nothing**\n\nCredit 21.1\n\n_This is an abacus, used for calculating sums._\n\n**In this tale the prince offers his services as, among other things, anarithmetician. In medieval times all areas of learning were considered connected, so an arithmetician might well be expected to know about many things, including healing. Most of the work of the arithmeticians of this time, however, was related more strictly to mathematics as we know it. In the late 900s the Persian scholar Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khwarizmi made up the number zero as a placeholder, useful in mathematical calculations. Although, really, Egyptian scholars had been using a symbol equivalent to zero for almost 3,000 years before that. Imagine trying to do anything in mathematics without zero.**\n\nMarzuwan realized this must be the Qamar al-Zaman he'd been searching for. Marzuwan walked into the pavilion, straight to the prince. He recited a love poem, and whispered that Princess Budur awaited him, locked in prison in the kingdom of Ghayur. Qamar al-Zaman sat upright. He spoke quietly with Marzuwan, so his father could not hear. They ate and drank. His health quickly returned. Shah Riman had the town celebrate with drums and dancing. The next day Marzuwan planned Qamar al-Zaman's escape, for both knew his father would not allow him to travel yet.\n\nQamar al-Zaman told his father he was going hunting in the countryside. He filled his saddlebags with money. When they were far from the palace, Qamar al-Zaman and Marzuwan galloped hard. They left behind the servants. After a few days, they killed a camel and a horse, ripped up Qamar al-Zaman's clothes, and threw them in the blood. That way when the king's men found them, they would think the prince had died and give up the search.\n\nThey traveled to the islands of King al-Ghayur. Qamar al-Zaman stood in the streets calling, \"Scribe, doctor, astrologist, arithmetician\u2014I am all! Who needs my services?\"\n\nThe townspeople had pity. \"Stop your mongering,\" they warned. \"Leave, or your head will wind up on the palace gate, like the head of the other astrologers and arithmeticians.\"\n\nQamar al-Zaman didn't stop, of course. King al-Ghayur sent for him. The prince hurried straight to the room where the princess was chained. He stopped outside the curtain and wrote a letter declaring his love. He had the guard deliver it.\n\nPrincess Budur unfolded the letter and her own ring dropped into her palm. She read the letter. At last! She planted her feet against the wall and strained until the iron around her neck snapped. She pulled the curtain aside and threw herself into Qamar al-Zaman's arms.\n\nOn that day they were wed.\n\n_Shah Rayar clapped.\"Wonderful tale. All obstacles overcome.\"_\n\n_\"It's not finished,\" said Scheherazade. \"New obstacles may come.\"_\n\n_\"What new obstacles?\"_\n\n_\"You'll see. The real question is, can they surmount them together?\"_\n\n_\"Can they?\" asked Shah Rayar._\n\n_Scheherazade smiled._\n\n_The princess's foster brother brought the youth to where the princess was locked up. When the princess and the youth were finally reunited, they married immediately. It seemed misery was behind them at last._\n\n_The cave of the 40 thieves was piled high with all kinds of treasures\u2014carpets, chests, lamps, flasks, bolts of silk. And all of it nestled in a glittering bed of gold coins._\n\nNIGHT 365\n\nTHE TALE OF ALI BABA & THE FORTY THIEVES\n\n_\"Sister, please continue the last story.\"_\n\n_\"Of course.\"Scheherazade finished the story. Then stopped. Silence filled the dark room. Not even the babe made a noise. He had been born a full moon before, the image of his father. Scheherazade's hand traced the features of his face and counted fingers, toes. She kissed him on the top of the head. The silence rippled like a curtain in a breeze. \"Sister, won't you start a new story?\" How loyal Dinarzad was. Gratitude warmed Scheherazade's chest. She looked into the king's face. It was too dark to see his expression, but moonlight shimmered in his eyes. \"Do you realize, Your Majesty, that I first told you a tale one year ago tonight?\" \"I was thinking about nothing but that all day,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Your stories mesmerize me. I've figured out why.\" \"Because they make you laugh?\" \"Laugh, cry, be astonished. But what holds me fast is that they juggle matters of justice. They reveal how foolish and unfortunate anyone can be.\" \"The unlucky person finds bones in his tripe dinner.\" \"Exactly!\" Shah Rayar's hands cupped Scheherazade's cheeks. \"You understand that. Tripe has no bones\u2014no one would believe a man who claimed there were bones in his bowl. But you, you understand it. How?\" \"I follow the light before me. And I pray new lights will continue to come.\" Shah Rayar sighed. \"Your father, my vizier, should name you his heir, so that you become my royal vizier when he dies.\" Scheherazade's breath caught. \"What? What is it, Wife?\" \"My father might not die for years, but I could die any morning.\" The muscles in Shah Rayar's jaw twitched. His chest ached. For a moment he had forgotten his vow to kill all his wives. A wife who lived with a man year in and year out was a powerful thing. She could cause a man stinging humiliation. And a wife who gave her husband a plump, hot, wet, squirmy son...Ah, that kind of wife could break a heart. And a wife who told tales that made one see life from a new slant...she could own that heart. Shah Rayar pulled away and crossed his arms at his chest. \"Will you begin another tale?\" \"Yes. But this won't count as tonight's tale; I've already told that. This is extra. Special.\" \"To mark the anniversary?\" \"To mark your thoughts of this night and the day before it. If your son should cry in the middle, comfort him, for once I begin this tale, you won't want me to stop.\"_\n\n   n a town in Persia lived two brothers, Qasim and Ali Baba. They had grown up poor, but Qasim married a rich woman while Ali Baba married a woman poor as sand. Qasim owned a shop and estates, while Ali Baba worked as a woodcutter.\n\nOne day when Ali Baba was chopping wood, a dust cloud appeared in the distance. Cautious, he scampered up a tree.\n\nMany men rode up. They tethered the horses and set them to eat barley from sacks hung around their necks. They slung lumpy bags over their shoulders. Ali Baba knew at once they were thieves.\n\nOne thief said to a big rock on the hillside, \"Open, Sesame.\" The rock moved aside, like a door. The men entered and the door closed. But they might come out again any second. Ali Baba stayed in the tree and counted their horses. Forty.\n\nThe door opened and 40 thieves came out. Their captain said, \"Close, Sesame.\" The door into the hillside closed. The thieves rode off.\n\nAli Baba approached the rock. \"Open, Sesame.\" The door opened. He stepped inside. Sun lit the cave through a hole in the ceiling. The floor glittered with bales of silk, fine carpets, strange foods. And mountains of gold coins.\n\nAli Baba took two bags of coins and put them on one of his donkeys. He covered them with wood. He said, \"Close, Sesame.\" The door closed.\n\nAli Baba drove his donkeys home. He plopped the bags in a circle around his wife.\n\nShe heard the clinks as he dropped the bags and shook her head. \"Husband, how could you have been so wicked as to steal...?\"\n\n\"If you rob a robber, it doesn't count.\" Ali Baba told her everything.\n\nThey decided to bury the money until they were sure the thieves had left the area. But first they wanted to know how much it was. So Ali Baba's wife went to Qasim's house to borrow a grain scale.\n\nQasim's wife was curious. What grain could her in-laws need to weigh? Curiosity pinched her. She dabbed wax on the underside of the scale. Any grain that spilled would stick to the underside.\n\nAli Baba and his wife weighed the gold. They buried it and the wife returned the scale to Qasim's wife.\n\nQasim's wife found a gold coin stuck to the bottom. When Qasim came home, she showed him.\n\nJealousy made bile rise in Qasim's throat. He went to Ali Baba's house. \"Brother, why do you act poor and humble when you really have so many gold coins?\"\n\nAli Baba put his hands up as if in surprise. \"What are you saying?\"\n\nQasim showed him the coin that had stuck to the scale.\n\nAli Baba had no choice. He told his brother about the thieves' den. \"I'll give you a share if you keep my secret.\"\n\n\"Of course I get a share. But first, where is this cave? How do you get in? Tell, or I'll denounce you to the authorities.\"\n\nAli Baba told everything, because, in fact, so much gold was a pleasure that everyone should enjoy. Why not?\n\nQasim's palms itched till he had to clench his teeth to keep from screaming. The only thing that would satisfy those palms was gold coins. Loads of them. After all, Qasim was important. He deserved money. He put 10 chests on 10 mules and went to the den.\n\n\"Open, Sesame!\" Qasim entered. \"Close, Sesame!\" Qasim threw one bag over a shoulder and another bag over the other shoulder and ran to the door. He would fill some chests then he would come back for more.\n\nBut Qasim had forgotten the magic word to open the door. \"Open, Barley,\" he said. \"Open, Wheat. Open, Rice. Open, Millet.\" Qasim pulled on his beard. \"Open, Chickpeas. Open, Lentils.\" Qasim paced.\n\nHe ran in circles. \"Open, Pistachios. Open, Almonds.\" He put his hands in his hair and shook his scalp.\n\nThe sound of hoofbeats came. Qasim was stuck with nowhere to hide in this den. Sweat stung his eyes. He stood right inside the door.\n\n**Versatile Wheat**\n\nCredit 22.1\n\n_A farmer fills sacks full of recently harvested wheat._\n\n**Many grains grow in Middle Eastern countries, and they can be prepared many ways, for different uses and flavors. For example, if you harvest wheat plants when the seeds are soft and yellow (unripe), they can be sun-dried and then set on fire until the husks burn away, leaving the seeds behind. The roasted seeds are rubbed and then cooked. This is firik. Instead, if you let the seeds mature, then you can crush them and have what is called cracked wheat. Or you can boil them briefly and then dry them. This is called bulgur wheat. Or you can dry them and remove the bran (the outer husk) to get the refined wheat that is ground to make pastries.**\n\n_Ali Baba put the pieces of his brother on the back of one donkey, and gold coins on his other donkeys. Then Marjana blindfolded a cobbler and brought him home to sew together the body pieces._\n\n\"Open, Sesame,\" came the captain's words.\n\nSesame. Of course. The door opened and Qasim burst out.\n\nThe thieves slew him instantly. But how had this man entered the den? No rope hung from the ceiling hole. He must have learned the magic word for the door. What if he had friends who also knew it?\n\nThey quartered Qasim's body and put the grisly pieces inside the rock door. That should scare his friends. They rode away to rob again.\n\nWhen Qasim didn't return home for supper, his wife ran in panic to Ali Baba. \"Qasim went to the forest. You can guess why. He hasn't returned.\"\n\n\"Probably he's waiting till midnight so no one sees,\" said Ali Baba.\n\nQasim's wife went home, consoled by that logic.\n\nBut dread lay heavy on Ali Baba. He hurried with his three donkeys to the den. \"Open, Sesame.\" Alas, poor Qasim! Ali Baba gathered his brother's parts and performed last rites. Then he put the body in two sacks on the back of a donkey and covered all with firewood. He put two bags of coins each on the other two donkeys. He went home.\n\nBy now it was dawn, so Ali Baba led the third donkey to his sister-in-law's home. The smart servant Marjana opened the door. Ali Baba told her and the widow the whole sad story. He offered to take his sister-in-law into his home as a second wife, in accord with tradition.\n\nAll made a plan to save themselves from the 40 thieves. The widow went to the apothecary shop and asked for a strong medicine. When the apothecary asked who for, she said, \"My dear Qasim is ill.\" The next morning the servant Marjana went to that same apothecary and asked for a stronger medicine. \"Poor master,\" she muttered loud enough for the apothecary to hear. Both days, Ali Baba and his wife rushed back and forth between their home and their sister-in-law's home, as though visiting the ill Qasim. That second night, they set up a lamentation. The neighbors heard and grieved; Qasim was dead.\n\nOn the third morning, Marjana visited a cobbler who opened his shop earlier than anyone else. His name was Baba Mustafa. Marjana gave him a gold coin and told him he must walk with her to a fixed point, then she would blindfold him and take him to do a job he must never tell of. She dropped a second coin in his hand.\n\nOnce Baba Mustafa was inside the house, Marjana unblindfolded him and asked him to sew together the pieces of Qasim's body. She gave him a third coin. When he finished, she led him blindfolded back to the fixed point, then she took the blindfold off.\n\nMarjana went home and washed Qasim's body. Ali Baba used incense to cover the rotting odor. He wrapped the corpse in a shroud and performed traditional ceremonies. The carpenter brought the coffin. Marjana paid him at the door, so he couldn't see the body. She and Ali Baba closed Qasim into the coffin and nailed it shut. Neighbors carried the coffin on their shoulders behind the imam, the prayer leader, to the cemetery. Marjana came along, wailing, beating her chest, ripping her hair, as was proper for a servant. Qasim's widow stayed at home weeping with neighbor women, as was proper for a widow.\n\nA few days later, Ali Baba carried his family's belongings to the home of his former sister-in-law, for it was nicer than his old one. The woman was now his second wife. Again, all looked normal. If anyone was watching for an unusual death in town, they wouldn't find it in the death of Qasim.\n\nPeople were watching, of course. The corpse was absent from their den so the 40 thieves counted the coin sacks. They'd been robbed!\n\nThey decided a scout would go into town to listen for talk of a man killed by quartering. That would lead them to the thief, who must die. But if the scout brought back information that didn't lead to the culprit, he'd be put to death.\n\nA volunteer came forward. He entered the town's main square at dawn. The only shop open so early was that of the cobbler Baba Mustafa. The robber scout was surprised. \"You're an old fellow to be sewing up shoes. Your eyes must be failing by now.\"\n\n\"My eyes are excellent,\" said Baba Mustafa. \"Recently I sewed together a dead man, inside a house with all the windows closed. Even in the dark I did a superb job.\"\n\nThe scout jumped to attention. \"What? Didn't you mean to say you sewed a corpse into his burial shroud?\"\n\n\"No. I sewed the body together.\" But now Baba Mustafa remembered his promise of secrecy. \"That's all I'll say.\"\n\nThe scout dropped a gold coin in Baba Mustafa's hand. \"All I want is to know the house where you did it.\"\n\n\"I was blindfolded for the second part of the path.\"\n\n\"Take me to where they blindfolded you. Then I'll blindfold you and you can see what your feet remember.\"\n\nHe dropped another coin in Baba Mustafa's hand.\n\nThey walked to the fixed point. The scout blindfolded the cobbler. Then Baba Mustafa wandered. It was uncanny what his feet remembered. \"Here.\"\n\nThe scout took the blindfold off Baba Mustafa. \"Who lives here?\" But Baba Mustafa didn't know. The scout made a chalk mark on the door and hurried back to the den.\n\nMarjana came out. She saw the chalk mark and sensed it could be there for no good reason. She chalk-marked the neighbors' doors.\n\nMeanwhile, the scout told the 40 thieves all. He led the captain to the street where the cobbler had taken him. There was the chalk mark on the house. The captain pointed to an identical chalk mark on the next house. \"Are you sure it's not that house?\" The scout was confused now.\n\nThey returned to the den, and the first scout offered his neck for execution, as they'd agreed.\n\nA second thief offered himself as scout. He went into town and paid Baba Mustafa to lead him to the culprit's house. He put a mark on the door again, but red this time, and in a less conspicuous place. Marjana saw that red mark. She made red marks on the neighbors' doors. When the captain arrived with the second scout, he didn't know which was the right home of the culprit. The second scout lost his head.\n\nThe 40 thieves were now reduced to 38. This had to stop. The captain went into town alone and paid Baba Mustafa to lead him to the culprit's door. He counted the roses on the bush, touched the chip in the third brick under the window, noted the shade of the turquoise in the mosaic over the door.\n\nThe captain went back to the den and told the 37 thieves there to scatter to other towns and buy 19 mules and 38 leather oil jars. One of those jars should be brimming with oil; the others, empty. When the men came back, he gave each a knife and had them climb into the empty oil jars. The captain loaded each mule with two jars, and led the procession into town, to Ali Baba's door.\n\nAli Baba stood in his doorway, enjoying the air after his supper.\n\n\"Good fellow, I've traveled far,\" said the captain, \"to sell my oil in the market tomorrow. It's too late to find a public house for the night. Please could I settle here till morning?\"\n\nAli Baba had heard the captain's voice before, but only saying the words, \"Open, Sesame,\" and \"Close, Sesame.\" He had seen his face, but only from afar. So he didn't recognize him. He welcomed this merchant. They dined and talked of many things.\n\n_Smart Marjana figured out that 37 of the jars held creatures that meant harm to her master. So she poured hot oil into them and killed whoever they held._\n\nFinally, Ali Baba asked Marjana to prepare stew for tomorrow, and take good care of the oil merchant. Off he went to bed.\n\nOff went the captain to the courtyard, where the 38 oil jars stood in a row. The captain opened the top of the first jar that held a man, to let in fresh air. He whispered, \"When pebbles strike your jar, cut your way out. I'll be waiting.\" He did likewise to all the jars that held men. Then he went back to the kitchen and Marjana led him to the guest room. He stretched out on the mattress, fully clothed and ready.\n\nMarjana returned to the kitchen and cut up meat for stew. But her lamp went out. There was no more oil in the storeroom. Oh no. The servant Abdullah scoffed at her quandary. She could fill up that lamp with oil from one of the merchant's jars. Marjana took her lamp out to the courtyard. As her footfalls crunched across the pebbles, a man's voice came from the jar nearest her. \"Is it time yet?\"\n\nMarjana stopped in shock. Whether this was jinni or man, it was mischief. She answered, \"Not yet.\" Each jar she passed asked the same question. She gave the same answer. Until the last jar, which was silent. She opened it, filled her lamp, and hurried back to the kitchen. She carried a large pot out to the last jar and filled it with oil. This she set in the hearth, till the burning oil bubbled. Though Marjana was a good woman, she wouldn't let herself think about what she was about to do. She must protect the household.\n\nShe poured boiling oil into the jars from which voices had come to smother whatever soul hid within\u2014fiery or human. Then she turned out her lamp and waited in the kitchen.\n\nThe captain soon rose from the bed. He threw pebbles from the window onto the jars. No one came out. His throat tightened. He threw more pebbles. No one stirred. The captain had difficulty swallowing now. He snuck downstairs and went to the first jar. The smell of hot oil assailed his nose. He raced from jar to jar. His men were dead! He climbed over the garden wall and fled.\n\nMarjana went to bed.\n\nIn the morning Ali Baba went to the baths. When he returned, Marjana told him what had happened. Ali Baba looked in the jars and saw 37 dead men with knifes in their hands. \"But what happened to the oil merchant?\"\n\nMarjana was not only cleverer than Ali Baba, she was a master of diplomacy; she didn't call him a dunce. \"That was no oil merchant.\" And she told Ali Baba about the white mark on the door and then the red mark on the door. The thieves had been hunting him.\n\nAli Baba and the servant Abdullah buried the dead men in secret. Ali Baba hid the jars and knives, and he sent Abdullah with the mules, one by one, to the market to sell.\n\nThe captain returned to the den and vowed to get revenge. In the morning he went to the city and took up lodgings there. He brought bolts of silk, brocades, and linens from the den to his lodgings in town. He set up a shop and pretended to be a merchant. His shop was across the way from Qasim's old shop, which was now run by Ali Baba's son. The son was sociable, and soon befriended the new cloth merchant.\n\nThe cloth merchant found out that Ali Baba was his new friend's father. So he invited his friend to supper and gave him carved boxes and quill pens as gifts. Before long, Ali Baba's son felt beholden, but he was poor and didn't know how to repay the merchant's kindness. He asked his father for advice.\n\nAli Baba told his son to walk with the cloth merchant past Ali Baba's house. Then he would invite them both in for a meal.\n\nThe next Friday, when Ali Baba's son and the merchant passed Ali Baba's house, the son said, \"This is my father's home. He wants to meet you.\" He knocked on the door.\n\nThe cloth merchant's skin came alive. Finally, he could slay this man.\n\nThis was the third time that Ali Baba had encountered the robber captain, but he didn't recognize him. Perhaps his eyes were not so good. \"Dear guest, stay for supper.\"\n\nThe merchant said, \"I regret I cannot. I don't eat salted food.\"\n\n\"Our bread has no salt. And I'll make sure the stew and meat you get is insipid.\" Ali Baba went into the kitchen and told Marjana the guest didn't eat salt.\n\nAnnoyed, Marjana made a second, saltless, stew. While it cooked, she served the meat. The three men sat on cushions on the floor around an embroidered cloth, as was the custom. Instantly, Marjana recognized the cloth merchant as the robber captain who had come last time posing as an oil merchant. She leaned across him as she set the dishes out. Under the folds of his mantle, she made out the shape of a dagger. Now it all made sense. Any good Persian shares salt with a friend, for salt wards off evil. But this man carried evil in his soul like a favored child.\n\nWhile Abdullah washed the dishes after the meal, Marjana set up a side table beside Ali Baba on which she placed three cups and a wine flask. \"Abdullah and I will now eat our meal, so we won't be of service to you for a while,\" she said clearly.\n\nThe cloth merchant realized this was his opportunity. All he had to do was get Ali Baba and his son drunk. He could stab the father and escape over the garden walls.\n\nBut Marjana had a plan, too. She dressed in a long flowing skirt, billowing sleeves, and a headdress that came to a point with a star over the center of her forehead. She wore all gold, the heroic color, and she fiercely hoped she would be the heroine tonight. At her waist was a gilded belt from which hung a dagger in a bejeweled sheath. A thin veil covered from below her eyes to her throat. She handed Abdullah his tambourine and told him to follow her. They went into the eating room and Marjana danced while Abdullah played the tambourine. She glided across the floor, then stood and swayed. Her hands made unusual shapes that evoked sensations of romance and adventure.\n\n**Dancing Hands**\n\nCredit 22.2\n\n_An Indian girl performs a traditional dance using her hands to tell a story._\n\n**Persian medieval dancers used specific hand shapes, just as dancers in India (which was then called Hindustan) did. In India these hand shapes were called mudras and many gestures had well-defined meanings. In this way, the mudras could tell tales, with details of events as well as emotions. But scholars do not believe the hand shapes in Persia were so precisely linked to particular meanings. Instead, they added to the general tone and feeling of the dance.**\n\nMarjana now pulled her dagger out of its sheath. She performed a dance with it, leaping like a gazelle. Finally, she took the tambourine from Abdullah and stretched it out toward Ali Baba, while holding the dagger in her other hand. This was how professional dancers asked for pay. Ali Baba laughed in surprise, but he dropped a coin into the tambourine. Marjana held out that tambourine to Ali Baba's son. The son dropped in a coin. Yes, things were going as she had hoped. Marjana clenched her teeth to hold in fear. She stretched out the tambourine to the robber captain, then plunged the dagger into his heart.\n\n\"Dreadful Marjana!\" shouted Ali Baba and his son. \"You've ruined us!\"\n\n\"No, I have saved you. Look hard at the face of your enemy.\"\n\nAli Baba could see now that it was true. Marjana had saved his life again. \"I will wed you to my son, for you have earned the right to be my daughter-in-law.\"\n\nA warm rush of pleasure filled Ali Baba's son. Marjana was smart, graceful, honest. What more could a man want?\n\nThey buried the captain in secret, and the next day Ali Baba's son married Marjana. A year later, Ali Baba visited the den. He took a bag of gold coins and shared the secret of his wealth with his son, who later shared it with his son, who later shared it with his son, and on and on.\n\n_Scheherazade had spoken till late morn. She suckled her babe now. \"Wealth forever,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Real life isn't like that, though.\" \"It could happen in real life,\" said Scheherazade. \"The secret is recognizing the treasure you have and protecting it\u2014usingrestraint. Then a treasure lasts.\" \"How did that bumbling man Ali Baba learn restraint?\" asked Shah Rayar. \"Do you think Marjana might have played a role? She married the son, so this was her family now\u2014her descendants to protect.\" Shah Rayar put a hand on the head of his son and looked thoughtfully at this woman. Would that her tales could reveal all secrets to him. He kissed her. With restraint._\n\n_Three wise men offered gifts in exchange for marriage to princesses. One offered a peacock that marked the hours. One offered a trumpet that warned of enemies. And one offered a flying horse._\n\nNIGHT 366\n\nTHE TALE OF THE EBONY HORSE\n\n_\"Sister, the baby has finally quieted down now,\" said Dinarzad. \"Could you begin a new story, please?\"_\n\n_\"I'll speak very softly,\" whispered Scheherazade. \"Listen carefully, for this is a new story to begin a new year of marriage.\" Shah Rayar moved closer to her._\n\n   king in Persia had three graceful daughters and one brilliant son. Men everywhere wanted to marry his daughters. Women everywhere wanted to marry his son. One day three wise men came to the king, offering gifts in exchange for marriage to his daughters.\n\nThe first had a golden peacock that clapped its wings and shrieked at the end of every hour. The king tested the peacock. It did exactly as the man had claimed. So the king gave him one of his daughters in marriage.\n\nThe second had a trumpet that, if placed over the city gates, would let out a warning call when an enemy approached. The king tested the trumpet. It also did exactly as the man had claimed. So the king gave him a daughter in marriage, too.\n\nThe third had a horse made of ivory and ebony that would take you wherever you wanted to go. The third wise man also happened to be rather nasty to look at, with grimy hair, dirt under his fingernails, and food in his beard. At this point the king's son stepped forward and asked to test the ebony horse. He mounted, but the horse didn't move. The wise man showed him a screw which would make the horse rise into the air. The prince turned the screw and, yes, up he went.\n\nAt first the prince was elated. After a while of climbing higher, however, he realized that he didn't know how to control this horse; he'd never asked the wise man. He searched around for other screws. There were two knobs sticking up from the horse's shoulders. When the prince rubbed the right one, the horse ascended. When he rubbed the left one, the horse descended. Ha! The prince rubbed the left one and slowly the horse descended. It took a long time for the ground to come into sight because he had climbed so high to start with. But now he could see below a lush green countryside laced with rivers. In the middle was a city, and in the middle of the city was a palace. Night was drawing nigh, so the prince landed the ebony horse on the roof of the palace, which was conveniently flat.\n\nThe prince left the ebony horse on the roof and climbed down the outer staircase. He found himself in a courtyard paved with marble. He hadn't eaten all day, but he saw no evidence that anyone was awake. There was nothing for him to do but return to the roof hungry and sleep there.\n\nAs he was about to climb the stairs again, a light approached. Then voices. It was a group of young women, accompanied by a guard with a sword. In their midst walked a girl who radiated sweetness. The prince stared. A poem entered his head:\n\n_Twilight's gift, the heart can lift_\n\n_Beyond the glowing moon, purest pleasure soon._\n\nThe girls stopped in the center of the courtyard and spread out a cloth to sit upon and lit incense to swing about. They talked and played and still the prince watched from the shadows. Then all at once, he stepped forward and knocked over the guard and grabbed his sword.\n\n_Dawn showed rosy on the cheek of the babe in Scheherazade's arms. She hushed, and kissed his head on that velvety soft spot that had become her favorite.\"You have a knack for stopping at moments that leave me suspended,\" said Shah Rayar with impatience. Scheherazade smiled. Did he not know that was the point? She kissed her finger then put it to Shah Rayar's lips, and before he could reciprocate, the young mother was asleep._   \nNIGHT 367\n\nTHE TALE OF THE EBONY HORSE CONTINUES\n\n_\"I'll hold the baby,\" said Dinarzad. \"Pass him to me, won't you?\"_\n\n_\"I can talk with him in my arms,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n_\"You've proven that,\" said Dinarzad. \"Pass him for my pleasure.\"_\n\n_\"Ah, that's different. Of course.\" Scheherazade settled her son into her sister's arms. \"Now, where was I? Oh yes...\"_\n\n   s the guard fell to the ground at the prince's feet, the young women scattered. All but the one who had caught the prince's eye. \"You're my suitor, aren't you?\" she said. \"Only a spurned suitor would behave so badly. But the king told me you were toady. Instead, you're gallant.\" She threw her arms around his neck and kissed his cheek. \"I will definitely marry you.\"\n\n\"No,\" said one of the young women, \"that's not the suitor your father turned away.\"\n\nBut the princess wouldn't hear their protests. She invited the prince behind a curtain to talk privately.\n\nThe princess's attendants revived the fallen guard, who lifted the curtain and asked, \"Are you human or jinni?\"\n\n\"How dare you insult me.\" The prince brandished the sword. \"The king married me to his daughter and sent me here tonight.\"\n\nThe guard backed away, then went shrieking to the king, claiming a jinni had taken his daughter.\n\nThe king made haste to the courtyard, sword drawn. He stopped when he found a young man who also held a sword and looked very strong. But the man also looked quite human, clean and well-dressed. So the king sheathed his sword. \"What sort of knave are you to pretend to be the son-in-law of me\u2014King of San'a'?\"\n\n\"I am a prince from Persia. Do you really think you could find a better match for your daughter than me?\"\n\nThe king looked the man up and down. \"No. But you must ask for her hand in marriage publicly\u2014or the royal family will be shamed.\"\n\n\"I have a better idea. Leave me here tonight. Tomorrow come with your troops and we shall battle. If they kill me, no one will know I was with the princess, so your honor will be preserved. If I kill them, I will have earned the title of son-in-law.\"\n\n**The Desire to Fly**\n\nCredit 24.1\n\n_This statue in Baghdad commemorates Abbas ibn Firnas's attempt to fly._\n\n**Abbas ibn Firnas lived in the 800s in Spain and was an Arabic-language poet. He was a physician, musician, and inventor, as well. It's reported that he built himself a pair of wings, covered himself with feathers, and jumped off a high point, flying quite a distance before crashing down. Flying machines appear not just in medieval Islamic stories, like the one of the ebony horse, but in French and English stories, too. So maybe these tales reflect the attempts of inventors of their day.**\n\nThis prince's proposal didn't really make sense, but the king accepted it. At dawn he sent for his troops and told the prince to mount a horse to prepare for battle. The prince said he'd wait to see this army first. Soon many soldiers on horseback rode up. \"Ack,\" said the prince. \"It's not fair if I'm on foot and they're on horseback.\"\n\n\"What? I told you to mount.\"\n\n\"I'll mount only my own horse. It's on your palace roof.\"\n\nThe king scratched his head. This prince was showing signs of being addled. But the king sent a messenger to fetch the horse, anyway. An army officer went with him. The two of them laughed when they saw the mechanical ebony horse. They carried it to the courtyard.\n\n\"You'll see how splendidly it performs,\" said the prince. \"Tell your men to step back the distance an arrow can fly. Then I'll charge them.\"\n\nThe king now figured he was humoring a madman. He had his troops step back.\n\nThe prince mounted the ebony horse, and turned the screw. The horse rose into the air and the prince flew off.\n\n_Scheherazade tapped the edge of the bed and Dinarzad passed the baby up to her. The first ray of sunlight played in the fuzz on the baby's head. Scheherazade breathed in his sweetness and settled into the pillows, all energy spent. \"The poor princess,\" said Dinarzad. \"The prince abandoned her.\" \"If she'd had the chance, she'd have abandoned him,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Sister, is that true? Is that the sort of girl this princess is?\" But Scheherazade had heard quite enough. She pretended to be asleep. And she didn't have to pretend for long._\n\n_The Persian prince spent the night with a princess and was to battle the king's troops to prove he was worthy of being her husband. Instead, he climbed on the ebony horse and flew away._\n\n_The inventor of the flying horse found the princess in a garden with that horse, waiting for the prince. He fooled her into climbing onto the horse with him and planned to steal her forever._\n\nNIGHT 368\n\nTHE TALE OF THE EBONY HORSE CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister?\" said Dinarzad. Scheherazade passed her sleeping son to her sister, who waited below the bed._\n\n   hen the king told his daughter her prince had flown away on a mechanical horse, she threw herself around wailing. She swore not to eat or drink until she was reunited with him.\n\nMeanwhile, the prince rode through clouds until he saw his father's palace below and landed the horse there. His father closed him in a teary embrace. \"What happened to the wise man who gave us this ebony horse, Father.\"\n\n\"He's in prison, where he belongs, the scoundrel. I thought I'd never see you again.\"\n\n\"Free him! It is a wonderful horse, and I've had a wonderful adventure. I fell in love.\"\n\nSo the wise man was freed. But the king still refused to let his third daughter marry him. After all, a snaggletoothed man with food in his beard and dirt under his nails didn't seem like the best match for his lovely daughter. The wise man fumed at the injustice. But the king was adamant. Further, he told his son not to ride that horse again. The prince, however, missed the princess fiercely. So what did he do? He climbed on that ebony horse and flew off. The king moaned and swore that when the prince returned, he would destroy the horse.\n\nThe prince went searching through the palace of San'a' for his princess. When he found her, he led her up to the roof where he climbed on the ebony horse and bade her to climb on behind him. They rose into the air.\n\nThe king saw and called out, \"Have pity! Don't steal our daughter.\"\n\nEven one as selfish as this prince was moved by the pathos in those words. \"Princess,\" he said, \"do you want to return to your parents?\"\n\n\"My life is with you, my love.\"\n\nSo the brief moment of pity for the king and queen passed, and the prince flew home and landed in a garden. He told the princess, \"Stay here with the horse till I return. I'm going to prepare a palace for you.\"\n\nWhile he was gone, the wise man who had made that ebony horse and who was filled with rage at the king, wandered into the garden to gather healing herbs. When he saw the horse and the princess, he understood the situation immediately: This was his ebony horse and this was the princess who the prince was in love with. He kissed the ground at her feet. \"Dearest, the prince sent me to fetch you.\"\n\n\"Why would the prince send a toady like you?\" asked the princess, for she was a direct sort, and she couldn't take her eyes off the caterpillar that was devouring a pomegranate seed stuck in the wise man's beard.\n\n\"So that you wouldn't fall in love with me. He's a jealous sort.\"\n\nThe princess laughed, flattered at such a thought, and climbed onto the horse behind the wise man. They rose into the air. Then they flew past the city, past the countryside, far away. \"What are you doing?\" cried the princess in alarm. \"This is too far.\"\n\nThe wise man flew until he saw a meadow below, with streams and trees. He landed. \"Foolish princess, this is my ebony horse.\" He sneered hideously. \"I made it. I love it. Your miserable prince and his father planned on stealing it and making me grieve forever. Instead, look. I have the ebony horse.\" He lay down in the grass. \"And I have you. Forever.\"\n\n**PersianGardens**\n\nCredit 25.1\n\n_A Naranjestan garden in Shiraz, Iran_\n\n**This tale is full of meadows, streams, trees, and gardens. This might surprise you since Arab stories originated in a primarily desert climate. Even in ancient times, however, Persia had gardens. By the seventh century, Persia had made a network of underground conduits to carry water where it was needed. In the eighth century, the Persians invented the waterwheel, which was often powered by oxen or ostriches. Our very word \"paradise\" comes from the word for \"(walled) garden\" in Avestan, an old Iranian language.**\n\n_Scheherazade hushed with the breaking of dawn. \"Wicked man.\" Dinarzad placed her nephew beside his mother on the bed. \"He's not wise. Please don't call him 'the wise man' anymore. I want to pinch him. You should make him meet a terrible end.\" \"Shhhh,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Scheherazade is asleep already. Be patient. We'll find out more tomorrow. She needs her sleep.\" Scheherazade smiled though her eyes were closed._   \nNIGHT 369\n\nTHE TALE OF THE EBONY HORSE CONTINUES\n\n_The baby was fussy. Scheherazade sang as she nursed him extra long. Her finger ran along the curve of his ear. That calmed him. He stopped squirming and snorted softly. What a sweet, funny little fellow was this baby of hers. Would that she could see him grow year after year. The thought was like a sword, cleaving her in two. She held him tighter. He dozed off. As soon as he was silent, Scheherazade felt the excitement in the air. Her sister rustled about below the bed. Moonlight glinted off her husband's liquid eyes. They were waiting, and not patiently. That was good. Very good._\n\n   hen the princess heard the wise man's vile words, she screamed. The king of this land, which was called Rum, was hunting nearby. He and his servants came running and captured the wise man, who I will now call \"the unwise man.\"\n\nThe king addressed the princess kindly, asking who this old man was to her.\n\nThe unwise man said, \"She's my cousin and my wife!\"\n\nThe princess shrieked, \"Lies! I know him not. He tricked me.\"\n\nThe King of Rum threw the unwise man in prison and brought the princess and the ebony horse to his palace.\n\nMeanwhile, the prince, who had gone off to prepare a palace for the princess, returned to find her. The sight of the empty garden turned him icy. Though he was not the most honest of men, nor the most pious, he had found joy in both the princess and the horse. Loss scrabbled at him.\n\nThen began the searching. The prince asked everyone if they had seen his marvelous princess and his blackest horse, who could fly. He searched day and night. He ran from place to place, muttering. The farther he wandered, the more disheveled he became. On hearing his questions and seeing his appearance, people laughed. \"What a lunatic!\"\n\nThe prince arrived in the hometown of the princess, hoping she had returned there. But the whole town cried, in mourning for her loss\u2014which, of course, had been caused by this prince. No one there recognized him, however, for he was now skinny and unkempt.\n\n_The prince heard traveling merchants talk of a princess and a flying horse. He went to the place the princess had been taken to and talked with the guards. And all the while, the inventor of the flying horse wailed from his prison cell._\n\nThe prince finally arrived at an inn in the land of Rum and sat down for a drink when he overheard traveling merchants discussing the amazing story they had just heard: A wicked man had stolen a girl and flown away with her on an ebony horse, but she had been rescued. The prince questioned them and learned the location of the palace where the princess had been taken. He cleaned himself up and went there. It was nightfall by then, and the guards wouldn't open the gates. Instead, they sat with him outside the prison and shared a meal, while from inside the prison came a high-pitched wailing. The prince could hardly pay attention to these guards, the wailing was so loud.\n\nWhen the guards learned this traveler was from Persia, they talked about the miserable Persian sorcerer locked in the prison who had stolen a beautiful princess and brought her here. The king had fallen in love with the girl, but she had gone quite mad. She spoke of flying through the air, and ripped at her clothes and hair and moaned the whole day long. The king couldn't find anyone to cure her, so he despaired. And then the stupid prisoner had the gall to wail all the time, claiming none of it was his fault and no one was fair, and he wasn't a sorcerer, just an inventor, all so loudly that the guards couldn't sleep.\n\nThe prince didn't sleep either. A plan formed in his head and he was impatient to act it out.\n\n_Scheherazade saw dew on the carpet flower in the white porcelain pot on the windowsill. She hushed._\n\n_Shah Rayar smiled at her. He kissed her, then kissed the babe._\n\n_The prince pretended to be a scholar of medicine and went to cure the princess. When she recognized this man as the prince she loved, she fainted from joy._\n\nNIGHT 370\n\nTHE TALE OF THE EBONY HORSE CONTINUES\n\n_Scheherazade wrapped herson in fresh swaddling cloth. The heavy fragrance of night jasmine wafted in through the window. It mixed with the sweet-milky breath of the babe in the most pleasant way. Scheherazade settled into the pillows to continue the tale._\n\n  n the morning, the guards took the prince to have an audience with the king. And the prince did what you might have guessed, for he was as cunning as he was determined. He said, \"I am a Persian scholar of medicine. I wander all over the world, seeking out the ill so that I can learn about new problems and devise new cures. I never fail to heal.\"\n\nThe King of Rum was delighted. He explained all about the beautiful princess and the ebony horse and the sorcerer.\n\nThe prince listened with big eyes as though noting all the details. Then he asked to see the horse first. The king led him to the ebony horse, which stood in the courtyard. The prince inspected it. Everything was intact; the horse had not been damaged at all. Good, that meant it would still work. \"Please treat this horse with utmost care,\" he said to the king. \"I believe it may help cure the princess. With your permission, I am now ready to see her.\"\n\nThe king led the prince to the princess's room, then left him to enter alone. Upon hearing footsteps, the princess stomped in a circle and threw herself about. This behavior marked her as mad, but, in fact, she was perfectly sane. She behaved this way simply to keep the king at bay. His amorous attentions frightened her.\n\nThe prince approached her with quiet words of greeting and a plea to look at him but not to speak. She looked at him, then looked again. With a shriek of joy, she fainted. The prince rushed to her and cradled her head in his lap. As she came to, he whispered in her ear, \"Hush, my love. Don't give us away or we'll both die. I will tell the king I have cured you of your madness, not completely\u2014but close to completely\u2014and that you will obey him. So when he comes to you, act sweet. Trust that I will whisk us away from here. Do you understand?\" She nodded.\n\nThe prince held the princess close. She seemed fragile and small. He wanted to kiss her, but the risk of someone entering was too great. \"Soon,\" he murmured into her hair. \"Soon you will be safe. With me.\"\n\nThe prince left and hurried to the king. \"I have treated the girl. She is mending well. If you visit her now and treat her kindly, if you take off her fetters and promise her to grant her every wish, then you will have what you want from her.\"\n\nThe king entered the princess's room. Then he stopped short and waited, uncertain what to do next. The princess stood and walked to him. She kissed the ground in front of his feet. She welcomed him with a smile. \"At last,\" said the king, \"at last, you are well again. Come,\" he called to his servants. \"Set her free. Take her to the baths. Dress her in the finest robes. Let her choose the jewelry she wants.\"\n\nWhen the princess came back from all these ministrations, she was like the fullest moon surrounded by a million twinkling stars. The king gasped in admiration. \"You're perfect.\"\n\n\"And you want her to stay perfect, Your Majesty,\" said the prince. \"So we need to call forth the demon that invaded the princess and we must kill it, so that it may not harm her again. Please have your troops carry the ebony horse out to the meadow where you first found it. Warn them to be careful not to damage it. You and the princess should go there, as well. I will follow. The horse will be part of this final cure, as I told you.\"\n\nSoon they were all assembled in the meadow. The prince said to the king, \"Incense and charmed words will lure the demon out and capture him. Then I will mount the horse with the princess behind me. The horse will walk forward. Each hoofbeat will crush the demon. When the horse reaches you, the princess may dismount, completely healed. You and your troops must stand back while the horse moves, so the demon can't infect you.\n\n_The princess was as good at deception as the prince. She stood sweetly beside the King of Rum and watched as her prince prepared the flying horse to whisk them both away._\n\nAnd so the king and his troops retreated a good distance, while the prince and the princess mounted the ebony horse and flew away. The king stood looking up into the air for the rest of the day, wondering what had happened. When he finally realized the girl was gone for good, he cried. But his troops said the healer who had taken her was obviously a demon himself, and the king was lucky he hadn't been harmed in this encounter.\n\nWhen the prince got home, he married the princess. His father, overjoyed at having his son back, demolished the ebony horse so they could never fly off again. The prince wrote to the princess's father, the King of San'a', explaining that they had married and the princess was well. So in the end, everyone was happy. The prince, the princess, and both kings gave thanks to the Almighty.\n\n**ThePower of Words**\n\nCredit 27.1\n\n_Men sitting, talking in the courtyard of Jama Masjid in India_\n\n**In this tale the king believes cures happen in large part through magic talk and charmed words. The belief in the power of words to transform and heal belongs to many religions around the globe. The child's incantation ** _abracadabra_** (which has a history that intrigues many), used to make monsters disappear or wonders appear, has ancient roots. There is nothing intrinsically childish or religious about word-therapy, however. Calming talk, such as the way the prince whispered to the princess, can be healing, while agitating talk can have negative effects. Likewise, inspirational talk and support groups can also be healing. They help people recover from grief and traumas.**\n\n_Dawn came. Scheherazade lapsed into silence._\n\n_\"But, Sister,\" said Dinarzad, \"what happened to the unwise man?\"_\n\n_\"He was in prison in Rum.\"_\n\n_\"But eventually he'd get out.\" \"Probably. Still, he was alone, without his precious horse, without the princess. Isn't that enough suffering?\" \"I don't understand the princess,\" saidShah Rayar. \"Why did she pretend to be mad rather than demand to be sent home.\" \"If the King of Rum had transported her home, the prince couldn't have rescued her. It wouldn't have been as good a story.\" \"Ah. I like rescues. Women need to be rescued.\" \"Men need to be rescued, too.\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar frowned. Then he lifted an eyebrow._\n\n_\"Rescued from jinn, you mean?\" \"Rescued from terrible situations.\"_\n\n_\"Men can rescue themselves from terrible situations.\"_\n\n_\"Not always.\"_\n\n_The king played with the tips of his beard. \"I wouldn't enjoy stories about men who couldn't rescue themselves from terrible situations.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade recognized the challenge. She bit her tongue and kept silent. She mustn't take the challenge until she was sure she could win._\n\n_The King of Rum stared. The girl who was about to marry him was riding off on a flying horse. And the man who had cured her was riding off on that horse, too. What was going on?_\n\n_Sindbad the Porter, a poor man, was called inside by Sindbad the Sailor, a rich man, to talk about a song the poor man had sung. Both of them believed fortune was fickle._\n\nNIGHT 537\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR\n\n_Scheherazade had been telling tales of different kinds for months\u2014about poets, servants, simpletons, and kings. She had told about tricks between husbands and wives, and thieves and merchants. Some were funny or silly, some were mysterious or magical. But none were aboutmen in terrible situations who needed rescue. Such stories somehow wouldn't come into her mind. So she peppered the months with stories about animals: wolves, foxes, crows, serpents, mules, parrots. Shah Rayar listened. But he mentioned how the animals were rather ordinary. That made Scheherazade chew on her bottom lip in worry. She propped her son under her left arm and rubbed her right palm round and round on her increasingly rounded belly. The tiny baby inside seemed to flip from one side to the other as she pushed on him. She imagined him, in the dark, swimming endlessly. What would it be like to swim endlessly without any sense of where you were and who else might be lurking in that dark? Aha! \"Are you ready to listen, Husband?\" \"You know I am.\" \"I am, too,\" called Dinarzad from below._\n\n   ong ago in Baghdad a porter named Sindbad was paid to carry firewood from the forest to a man's home. He put the wood in a basket and placed the basket on his head and walked and walked. The sun beat down. When he was halfway there, he stopped for a rest on a bench outside a big house. From the open front door came the scents of caraway, basil, tarragon, and rue. Best was the smell of the dark brown liquid that runs off from fermented barley. He breathed it and nearly swooned. The people inside were having a feast. The porter's mouth watered.\n\nBirdsong wafted out through that door, too. Nightingales, turtledoves, curlews, and thrushes. The porter leaned to the side for a peek, but he couldn't see. He walked to the doorway. A verdant garden lay within. Servants scurried along porticoes at the edges of the garden carrying jugs of wine and platters of meats. The porter rocked side to side on his bench and sang:\n\n_Some are rich, some are poor._\n\n_Some have less, some have more._\n\n_Inside, our souls are all the same._\n\n_But I have nothing; this man has fame._\n\n_Still, the Almighty makes these decisions._\n\n_Only a fool would imagine revisions._\n\nThe porter turned to leave, but a servant clasped his hand. \"My master beckons you.\"\n\nThe porter quaked. The master must have overheard his verse and been insulted. When he reached the master, he kissed the ground in front of him. But the master bade him sit and eat. Ground lamb with honey and vinegar and so many spices. Hot flatbread. Dried dates steeped in milk. Lentils and turnips flavored with the root galangal. A fish with a roasted head, a baked middle, and a fried tail. The porter ate until he had room for no more.\n\nThe master tilted his head and asked his name and job.\n\n\"I am Sindbad the Porter. People pay me to carry things on my head.\"\n\n\"Wonderful name!\" said the master with a grin. \"I am Sindbad the Sailor. Please repeat for me the verses you recited before.\"\n\n\"I was tired, master. I meant no harm. Please don't be harsh.\"\n\n\"Harsh? I enjoyed them. Please, repeat them.\"\n\nSo the porter repeated his verses.\n\n\"So true,\" said Sindbad the Sailor. \"The ways of the Almighty confound. I can tell you stories that prove just how fickle is the matter of fortune. I went on seven sea voyages, full of toil and peril. Would you like to hear about them?\"\n\n_Morning silenced Scheherazade. \"I want to hear about them,\" said Dinarzad. \"Me too,\" said Shah Rayar. \"This sailor is as wealthy as a king.\" \"In the coming night,\" whispered Scheherazade. She smiled, yawned, and slept._\n\nNIGHT 538\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 1\n\n_Scheherazade patted her belly and let the words flow._\n\n   ather, friends, as I tell of my first voyage,\" said Sindbad the Sailor. To Sindbad the Porter's surprise, the servants gathered. This man called his servants friends! The porter moved closer.\n\nMY FATHER DIED WHEN I WAS SMALL, LEAVING A GRAND INHERITANCE. When I became a man, I was greedy; I squandered everything on fancy clothes and high living. Everything except one property. I sold that. With the money I bought provisions for trading. I took a job on a ship sailing from the town of Basra.\n\nAh, the open sea. We sailed from island to island, growing rich. Each time the ship docked, I ran over the landing plank eager for adventure.\n\nOne day, as I was cooking stew on a small island, shouts came. \"Run!\" It was the captain, calling from the ship. \"This is no island,\" he yelled as he pulled up anchor. \"It's the back of a giant fish. Winds dropped sand on it, birds dropped seeds, trees grew. When you lit that cooking fire, the fish got hot. It will dive into deep waters now. Run!\"\n\nInstantly the island sank. Waves crashed over it. We swam after the ship, but the sails whisked it away. One by one, the cries around me ceased. A washtub from the ship floated past and I grabbed hold. The waves carried the tub through the night and just when I felt I could hold on no more, the tub bumped against a branch. I climbed onto it and found myself on an island.\n\n**UnstableIslands**\n\nCredit 29.1\n\n_A Marsh Arab settlement near Basra in southern Iraq_\n\n**Basra is in the southeast of what is now Iraq. It sits on the river Shatt al-Arab, where the two great rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris, merge. It empties into the Persian Gulf. There are marshlands on both sides of the river, with dozens of islands, many inhabited until recent times. Some \"Marsh Arabs\" lived on artificial islands made of reeds. They must have been easily destroyed in storms. Perhaps that is the source of the fantastic idea that an \"island\" could really be the back of a sleeping fish.**\n\nI had been there several days when I saw a mare tethered to a tree. A man came up out of the ground, clasped my hand, and pulled me down into an underground vault. He fed me fine food and told me he was a groom of King Mihrajan. Each month the grooms brought mares to the shore and tethered them at intervals, then hid to watch.\n\nI soon learned why. We stayed at the mouth of the vault, our eyes on the mare. Suddenly a huge seahorse emerged from the water and mated with the mare. He bit at the tether so he could take the mare into the sea, but it held firm. The groom burst forth, banging his sword against his buckler. The seahorse plunged back into the sea.\n\n\"Our mares' foals will be worth a fortune,\" said the groom.\n\nMany grooms gathered then, leading pregnant mares. \"Come with us,\" they said. We galloped to the city of King Mihrajan. The king declared that the Almighty had saved me for a good purpose. He put me in charge of port trading. I worked hard and made him wealthier. But homesickness for Baghdad grew within me.\n\nA large ship came into port one day and I traded with the captain. He told me, \"We're returning to Basra, so I'll sell you the goods of a sailor who drowned and I'll keep the money for his family, who lives in Baghdad.\"\n\nMy heart beat fast. \"What was the man's name?\"\n\n\"Sindbad the Sailor.\"\n\nI held him by the shoulders. \"My captain! I am Sindbad the Sailor!\"\n\nThe captain pulled back. \"Scoundrel! How dare you claim the goods of a drowned man.\"\n\n\"But I am who I am.\" I listed my goods in his hull. I described what happened on the ship before it stranded me. The listening crew cheered. I sold my goods, bade the king farewell, and journeyed home via Basra. With my earnings, I built this house.\n\n_Dawn warmed Scheherazade's cheeks. \"Sindbad the Sailor needed rescue,\" said Dinarzad. What a delightful sister, thought Scheherazade. Shah Rayar's eyes told how much he had enjoyed that adventure. Scheherazade sighed in relief._\n\n_When the fish that seemed to be an island dove, Sindbad the Sailor was stranded in a sea full of magic seahorses that could come out on land and mate with regular horses._\n\n_Sindbad the Sailor tied the ends of his untwisted turban around the feet of the gigantic Rukh bird and managed to hitch a ride with the bird, and thus escape._\n\nNIGHT 539\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 2\n\n_Scheherazade played with the toes of herson and thought about the toes of the child within. Swim, little one, she thought. Swim._\n\n   he next day Sindbad the Porter returned to the home of Sindbad the Sailor to hear the tale of his second voyage.\n\nTHE DESIRE FOR ADVENTURE RETURNED, FOR I WAS YOUNG AND foolish. So I went off trading. We sailed to an island lush with fruit trees and melodious birdsong. Flowers blessed my eyes with colors and my nose with perfumes. I dozed against a tree trunk, caressed by breezes.\n\nWhen I woke, the ship was gone! Crazed with desperation I climbed the tallest tree and looked around. Trees, sand, and then water forever.\n\nBut what was that big white thing?\n\nA smooth dome without door or window. I circled it, counting 50 paces. A huge bird flew above, its wings blocking the sun. I hid and thought of tales about the Rukh bird that feeds elephants to its chicks. This dome must be the Rukh's egg. The bird settled on the egg and slept.\n\nI unwound my turban and twisted the length like a rope. I tied one end around my waist and the other around the Rukh's feet and trembled all night. At dawn the Rukh flew, carrying me away. When it landed, I ran into the woods. The Rukh flew off with an enormous serpent in its talons. Thanks be to the Almighty!\n\nI walked to a crest. The valley below had no trees or streams. Dazzling diamonds littered the ground. I stuffed many inside my shirt. That evening serpents came out of hiding places. I ducked into a cave and pulled a rock across the front, but when I turned around, an enormous serpent was behind me, curled around eggs. I stared at it all night, sure I was doomed. When dawn came, I stumbled outside.\n\nAs I crossed the valley, a slaughtered sheep fell from the sky.\n\nI jumped back, then remembered tales of a land of diamonds so dangerous no one could enter. So diamond hunters cut up sheep and threw meat from the mountaintops. Diamonds embedded in the sheep flesh. Eagles swooped, hooked chunks in their talons, and flew back to the mountaintops. The diamond hunters rushed out at them. They stole the meat with the diamonds.\n\nThat must be what was happening now. I picked diamonds from the flesh and stuffed my clothes. Another slab of meat fell right on me. I bound myself to it with my turban rope. An eagle carried it and me to a mountaintop. A man rushed the eagle, screaming. I stood. The diamond hunter cried out in fear and disappointment.\n\n\"Don't be afraid,\" I said. \"Don't be disappointed. I will give you diamonds.\" I told him my tale.\n\n\"We will rescue you,\" said the diamond hunter. Soon other diamond hunters joined us. We ate mutton and slept under stars. In the morning we walked the ridge to an adjoining island full of camphor trees large enough to shade a hundred men. We saw wild cattle and buffalo and a beast called a rhinoceros with a single horn the length of four women head to toe, on which was an elephant. The elephant died and its fat melted in the sun. A Rukh came by and snatched it for its young.\n\nWe traveled to Basra. From there I made my way home to Baghdad. I was diamond-wealthy, so I bought presents for friends and furnished my home lavishly.\n\nThey shared another meal. Sindbad the Sailor gave Sindbad the Porter a hundred gold coins and invited him to return the next day.\n\n_Morning sealed Scheherazade's lips._\n\nNIGHT 540\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 3\n\n_Scheherazade propped pillows aroundson and husband, then began._\n\n   indbad the Porter returned to the home of Sindbad the Sailor. After eating, everyone belched appreciatively, and the sailor told of the third voyage.\n\nTHAT URGE FOR NEW MARVELS SNUCK BACK INTO MY HEART, DESPITE my aging body. I hopped on another ship.\n\nOne day a wild wind made the sea roar and slap us around till we came to an island. The captain shrieked. \"This is the Mountain of the Apes! No one has ever escaped it.\"\n\nSmall, black, hairy apes swarmed the ship. Yellow eyes gleamed as they chewed through ropes, making the sails flap crazily. They threw us off and sailed away.\n\nIn the center of the island was a castle with a courtyard, where we slept the rest of that day. At sunset, the earth rumbled. A giant the size of a palm tree lumbered in. His teeth were boar tusks, his blubbery lips flopped against his chest, his eyes burned like torches, his nails curled into lion claws. He picked me up and felt me like a butcher feels a lamb. He dropped me and felt the next man. He went through us all until he reached the fat captain. He snapped his neck, roasted him, and ate him. Then he slept.\n\nWe didn't dare move. Morning came and the giant left. We wept and searched for a hiding spot. No caves, no thick forests, nothing! When night fell, we panicked. Who knew what worse monsters lurked here? We returned to the courtyard. Again the earth rumbled and the giant selected a man, ate him, and slept. In the morning he left.\n\nWe tore planks of wood from the castle and built a raft. Then we realized that if another ship should stop, the giant would eat more good souls. We had to kill him before leaving.\n\nWe returned to the castle. The giant ate another man and fell asleep. We grabbed the iron roasting spits and jammed them into his eyes. He screamed and searched for us. We dodged each grab. He crashed out of the courtyard, and returned with an enormous giantess. We raced for the raft and floated away, but the giantess hurled boulders, killing all but three of us.\n\n_A hideous jinni lived in a castle on the island. He selected the fat captain for doom. He killed him, roasted him, and ate him. The next night he selected the next fattest sailor._\n\nThe raft carried us to an island. We jumped off and slept. When we woke, a serpent was curled around us. It swallowed one of us. We heard his bones crack inside the serpent's belly. When it left, we looked for a means of escape. Nothing! That night, the two of us climbed a tree. The serpent slithered up, ate the other man, then left.\n\nI tied pieces of wood around me, as though I was in a coffin. When night came, the serpent tried to swallow me, but the wood made it impossible.\n\nIn the morning, praise be to the Almighty, a ship passed. I swung branches over my head and called out. The ship took me aboard. The captain gave me the goods of one of their passengers who had been lost at sea. That passenger's name was Sindbad the Sailor. When I told him that was me, he doubted me. But I told him everything that had happened and described the marks on my bales, and he was convinced.\n\nWe sailed to the Indus Valley and I sold my goods at a profit. Along the way I saw a cow that was really a fish! I saw a bird emerge from a seashell floating in the waves and lay its eggs on the cushion of the water!\n\nI returned to Basra and from there to Baghdad. I gave alms to the poor and gifts to friends.\n\nEveryone ate again. Sindbad the Sailor gave Sindbad the Porter a hundred gold coins. He begged him to return.\n\n**Floating Nests**\n\nCredit 31.1\n\n_A whiskered tern sits on its nest in the water._\n\n**Among the marvelous animals described in these tales are birds who lay eggs in the water. Perhaps no birds do that. But several kinds of birds, including grebes, jacanas, andterns, make nests of plants that float on the water, often anchored to other plants below. In the mangrove marshes near the Persian Gulf live many terns. When they sit on their nests, the nests can sink underwater, only to rise again when the bird flies off. This is no problem for the waterproof eggs.**\n\n_Scheherazade's son's downy hair turned dawn-gold._\n\n_\"A third rescue,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Each situation more terrible than the last,\" said Shah Rayar. \"But these are stories. Not real lands.\" \"They feel real to me,\" said Dinarzad. \"Jinn andserpents...such evil exists.\"_\n\n_\"It's the evil that men do that interests me most,\" said Shah Rayar. Scheherazade sighed and twisted the bed cover in her hands._\n\n_A squall at sea turned into a tempest so powerful and horrific that it destroyed the ship. Those men who could cling to planks and chests paddled to shore._\n\nNIGHT 541\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 4\n\n_Scheherazade brushed her hair away from her face and took a deep, calming breath. She had to focus on theevil that men do, for that's what her husband wanted to hear. Her hands shook. She knew plenty about that evil. She knew that a king could kill his bride for no fault of her own. But she mustn't tread too close to the situation at hand. She mustn't risk offending Shah Rayar. Besides, she had come to see him as needy. His fear of being betrayed showed how little confidence he had in himself. He was a man who might well kill her\u2014but who, at the same time, yearned for encouragement. And he was smart. He could learn to be better, stronger. If she helped him. She kissed him between the eyes and began._\n\n   n the morning, Sindbad the Porter went to Sindbad the Sailor's home and ate and drank. Then Sindbad the Sailor told of his fourth voyage.\n\nLIFE WAS GOOD IN BAGHDAD, BUT YOU KNOW HOW IT IS FOR A sailor. Each day I heard the waves in my head, I smelled the fishy air, I tasted the brine on my lips. I had to return to the sea. It was a compulsion.\n\nSo off I went on a merchant ship, island to island, sea to sea. A storm arose and the captain cast the anchor to keep us from being buffeted about. The storm shredded the sails and threw us and our possessions overboard. Some caught hold of floating debris and paddled with our feet more than a day. We arrived at an island and wandered inland to a building from which burst fierce men. They dragged us to their king.\n\nThe king, however, smiled and fed us strange food, the smell of which turned my stomach. So I held back, even though I was famished, while the others ate. Soon they were reeling and their eyes rolled back in their heads. The fierce men rubbed them with coconut oil so their skin would expand. Day after day they fed them. My fellow sailors grew fat. I wasted away, though, for I remembered the tale of jinn who fattened up humans to eat. But I couldn't dissuade my friends from eating, for the food drugged them silly. Every day a man took them out to pasture, and they ate and ate. They were cattle to these cannibals.\n\nI followed the others out to pasture, wobbling I was so weak. The herder noticed me and saw that my eyes were clear and my ribs showed and he realized I hadn't been drugged. Who knows why, but he took pity on me. He gestured to me to turn back. He pointed the direction I should go. I ran as best I could. I came to a road and followed it.\n\nFor an entire week I trudged that road night and day, till I came to a group of men. Amazed at my tale, they fed me and took me in their ship to their home. The king of this new land received me warmly. What a marvelous city it was, with all kinds of food and traders with all kinds of goods. The hustle and bustle made me miss Baghdad. The king and I became friends and one day I asked him why he never used a saddle, but preferred to ride bareback.\n\n\"What's a saddle?\"\n\nI called a carpenter to fashion a saddle. I made a pad out of wool, covered it with leather, and added straps. I had a blacksmith make stirrups from which I hung silk fringes. The king called it glorious. His vizier wanted one. Other leading men wanted one. I had a thriving business in no time, and I became wealthy and esteemed. The king had me marry a lovely woman\u2014sweet, pretty, and rich. We lived in a large house adjoining the palace. All was right with the world.\n\n**Horsesin History**\n\nCredit 32.1\n\n_An Arabian foal and mare run through a field of buttercup flowers._\n\n**Humans domesticated horses some 6,000 years ago. We don't know exactly whensaddles first appeared, but the cavalry used them in Assyria around 700 B.C. Stirrups didn't show up for maybe another thousand years, when we see evidence of them in China. It wasn't until medieval times, though, that stirrups made their way westward to Europe and the Middle East. Stirrups had an enormous effect on societies because they allowed the rider much more flexibility of movement, including being able to more accurately hunt and fight using handheld weapons.**\n\nOne day the wife of a friend died. He wailed, which is suitable, of course, but I told him to be consoled, for the Almighty would present him another wife soon enough. He blinked. \"How could that be, when I am to die tomorrow?\"\n\n\"You are sad, naturally,\" I said. \"But don't exaggerate. Men lose wives all the time. You won't die of this grief.\"\n\n\"But my wife will be buried tomorrow and I will go with her. That is our custom. Husband and wife share life and death.\"\n\nCould it really be so? The next day I followed the funeral procession to a stone-lined well. They threw in the corpse, in the finest gown with her best jewels. They lowered in my friend, her husband, by a rope tied around his chest, with seven loaves of bread and a jug of water. Once at the bottom, he untied the rope. They hauled it up and covered the well with a giant stone. I imagined him quaking down there, also in his best clothes, with rings on his fingers and bells on his toes. What good would all that finery do him now?\n\nI hugged myself so hard, my fingers dug into my flesh. I asked the king if they treated foreigners like me the same as townsfolk. Indeed, they did. Fear made me walk in circles.\n\nAs fate would have it, my own wife soon fell ill and died. I screamed that I didn't share their customs, I wasn't one of them, they shouldn't do this to me. But I found myself lowered down the well after her. I refused to untie the rope from under my arms, so they threw it down upon me. The stone clumped into place. The well went dark.\n\nI felt around. Bones and bodies in different stages of decay littered the cavern floor. The stench nauseated me so badly, I had to crawl. I curled up in a niche in the side of the cave and slowly doled out my pitiful supply of water and bread.\n\nI don't know how long I was like that, perhaps 10 days, perhaps more. I was very careful to eat only when I thought I'd pass out from hunger. I had to make this food and water last till I could find a way to escape. But, alas, it was disappearing. I chewed on my fist to allay hunger. Then I heard the scrape of stone on stone. A shaft of light entered through the well. A dead man came hurtling down. Then a woman was lowered. She untied the rope and it disappeared upward. The stone was set back in place. The light ceased.\n\nThe widow cried softly, unaware that I huddled there, listening. And, may the Almighty forgive me, already thinking ahead.\n\nShe was doomed. And it was her own fault. She belonged to this country; she believed in this disgusting custom. She deserved to die. She might even look forward to death. But she had with her seven loaves of bread and a jug of water. Why should it go to waste? Especially when I was there. And I did not deserve to die\u2014I did not believe in their vile custom. I picked up a thick bone and slew her. One blow was all it took.\n\n_Sindbad the Sailor escaped through a hole in the mountainside. But before he left, he gathered up all the riches he could carry from the dead bodies inside the cavern._\n\nI curled up in a recess in the wall and doled out my pitiful supply of water and bread. I didn't think about the dead woman. I didn't think about what would come next. Still, a cold rock of knowledge filled my chest. I don't know how many moons I survived in that cavern, killing the spouses of the dead and existing on their meager rations, but it was many.\n\nOne day, or perhaps night, since the two were the same to me, I heard rummaging. I stood, and the rummaging turned into a scurrying that quickly receded. I followed it to the other end of the cavern and saw a dim light and the tail of the wild beast as it escaped through a hole. The side of the cavern was at such a slant here, I had to lie on my stomach and shimmy along. Hurrah! The hole was large enough and I was now emaciated enough that I could fit through. But I still had my wits about me. So instead of escaping immediately, I went back and gathered the jewels of the dead and wrapped them in their silk clothes. I left that cavern with bundles of wealth.\n\nI headed for the seashore and waited. A ship came and I waved the white blouse of a dead nobleman over my head. They took me aboard and I told the captain my tale. But I didn't tell him about the well and my time in the cavern. I didn't think he'd understand the choices I'd made. I didn't understand them myself.\n\nI returned to Baghdad via Basra. I fed the poor and clothed the widows and provided for the orphans, for no one understood better than me how harsh life could be.\n\nSindbad the Sailor fell silent. No one spoke. They ate, and Sindbad the Porter collected his hundred gold coins and went home.\n\n_Scheherazade fell silent, too._\n\n_Rain pattered outside the window. Dawn was gloomy._\n\n_No word came from Dinarzad. No word came from Shah Rayar. Theevil that men do had silenced them all._\n\n_The sailors had broken a Rukh egg. The grieving parents dropped boulders on the ship in revenge. The ship sank, poor sailors! Sindbad the Sailor paddled away on a plank to an island._\n\nNIGHT 542\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 5\n\n_Shah Rayar ran a finger down Scheherazade's chin and neck, to the hollow at the base of her throat. His lips moved, as though he swallowed words. She took his hand and held it tight. This was the moment for stories. He wanted to know about theevil men do, so that's what he'd get._\n\n   t the break of dawn, Sindbad the Porter hurried to Sindbad the Sailor's house. Sindbad the Sailor told of his fifth voyage.\n\nMY HEART WAS ADDICTED TO THE SEA. THIS TIME I BOUGHT A ship and hired a captain and crew so I'd never get stranded again. Safety, at last. So I thought.\n\nWe visited many countries, then landed on an uninhabited island. The others went exploring. One ran back. \"Come see a giant egg. Like a dome!\"\n\nA Rukh egg! I raced to the crew, but they had already bashed the egg open.\n\nThe sky turned black as Rukh wings blocked out the sun. We ran for the ship. The bird and her mate screamed and circled above. We set sail and the birds flapped toward the island. A moment later they returned with boulders in their talons. The male hurled his. It crashed through the water with such force, we saw the seabed. The female hurled hers. The ship splintered!\n\nI grasped a floating plank and paddled with my feet to an island bursting with fruits and flowers. In the morning I saw an old man squatting beside a spring. He motioned me over and with his hands he made me understand I should lift him onto my shoulders. I carried him where he pointed and waited for him to get off. Instead, he squeezed his legs tight. His skin was so rough, I cried. For days he rode me as he would a donkey.\n\nOne day I found old gourds on the ground. I pressed grapes into one, plugged it, and set it in the sun. Soon the juice fermented into a crude wine. Drinking it relieved my neck and shoulder pain. The old man grabbed it, drank it all, and passed out. I pried his legs loose and set him on the ground. But I knew he would come after me, and I'd be his slave again. So I killed him with a huge rock. I told myself he was a monster, not a human gone astray.\n\nI wandered the island, despondent, when I discovered an anchored ship. I told the passengers my tale. They called the man who had enslaved me the Old Man of the Sea. We traveled to another island, with a big city. Apes lived in the surrounding mountains. At night they came into the city to kill everyone they passed, so the people got into boats and rowed out to sea to sleep. They returned in the morning when the apes went back to the mountains.\n\nI explored the city that day. But when I went to the docks, I found my ship had sailed without me. I shivered, remembering the hateful apes from my third voyage. But a man brought me into his boat to spend the night. The next day he gave me a bag to fill with pebbles and he sent me with his friends into a valley of tall trees. When the apes saw us, they fled up those trees. I don't know why they didn't kill us. We threw pebbles. The apes pulled coconuts off the trees and lobbed them back at us. For many moons I collected coconuts to sell. I became rich.\n\nOne day a ship visited. I got on board with a cargo of coconuts. I traded them for pepper and cinnamon with such pungency the birds went dizzy, and Chinese aloewood\u2014which, fresh, gave a perfume and, dry, made good furniture and cooking ware\u2014and, best of all, pearls. By the time I got home, I was richer than ever.\n\nEveryone feasted. Sindbad the Porter ambled home with a hundred gold coins, wondering about the Old Man of the Sea. Was he a monster or just a troublesome old man?\n\n_The rains of the day before had left puddles in the pits of the windowsills. Dawn glistened there. \"I hope the old man was a monster,\" said Dinarzad. \"You can't kill someone for being troublesome.\" \"He was more than troublesome,\" said Shah Rayar. \"He caused pain.\" \"But is pain a reason to end the life of one of the Almighty's creatures?\" The question hung in the damp air._   \nNIGHT 543\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, VOYAGE 6\n\n_Shah Rayar took his fussy babe into his arms. The boy quieted. \"You're a charm,\" whispered Scheherazade._\n\n_Shah Rayar's lips brushed her cheek. \"You've convinced me.\" \"That you're charming?\"_\n\n_\"That men do evil. Maybe this sailor could showredeeming features?\" \"Listen well,\" said Scheherazade. \"Everyone has redeeming features if they submit to the will of the Almighty.\"_\n\n  indbad the Porter ran to the home of Sindbad the Sailor, who told of his sixth voyage.\n\nI STILL HADN'T LEARNED MY LESSON, SO I SET OUT ON A MERCHANT SHIP. We entered a sea the captain had not planned to visit. He pulled on his beard, slapped his face, and thrashed on the deck. \"Pray!\" he shouted, \"or we are all lost.\" He climbed the mast to loosen the sails, but a high wind arose and the rudder broke. The wind pushed us into the side of a craggy island. The crash destroyed the ship. We plunged into the sea.\n\n**Ambergris**\n\nCredit 34.1\n\n_A sperm whale glides through the ocean._\n\n**Ambergris is presented here as something that sea beasts eat, then throw up. In fact, this waxy substance is produced in the intestines ofsperm whales and might help them to pass sharp objects they've eaten. Once it is out, it gets bashed apart by the sea, so finding a lump of ambergris is rare. When exposed to the sea, it grows crusty and gives off a sweet smell. In ancient times it was used as incense, in the Middle Ages it was a medication, and it has been used as perfume and food flavoring.**\n\nMany made it to shore. Treasures littered the coastal inlets: the cargoes of wrecked ships. We gathered it and climbed to a high spot and drank from a delicious stream. Pearls and jewels shone from the bottom. It was easy to view most of the island from there. Chinese aloewood grew in abundance. A stream of ambergris flowed straight to the sea, where giant sea beasts drank it, then swam deep before spitting it out to harden and float on the water's surface. Sailors sell those lumps for incense, perfume, and cures for head pain and the shakes. We tried to get to the stream, but it ran through impenetrable parts of a mountain.\n\n_Sindbad the Sailor clung to a plank of wood and was carried by a stream through a mountain and out to the other side. There he found a town with a king who welcomed him._\n\nWe went back to the shore with buckets of sweet water and looked at all we had gathered. Treasures galore, but little food. We grew thin, then emaciated. One man died of starvation. We wrapped him in clothes strewn on the shore and buried him. Each day more died. In the end, I was alone. Hideous! I dug my own grave and lay in it. That way the winds would blow sand over my body and I'd have a burial.\n\nBut lying there, I thought about that mountain stream. I picked up a plank of wood from a wrecked ship and climbed the mountain. I lay on the plank and the rushing current carried me down and then straight into the side of a rock face. I hugged the plank tight. The tunnel was so narrow, the plank hit the sides and my head scraped the top. I was sure I would get stuck and die there. I fell into a delirium.\n\nWhen I woke, the sun nearly blinded me. My plank had docked against land and people stared at me, talking in a strange language. Then one asked in Arabic what I was doing there. I told my tale. They fed me and took me to their king. I had packed along treasures from the shipwrecks, so I gave jewels to this king. We had discussions about my homeland, for his curiosity was great.\n\nOne day I learned some people planned a voyage to Baghdad. I bade the king farewell and he gave me gifts for the caliph of Baghdad, since he was impressed with the religious customs of our people. Before leaving he had me tell my tale to his scribes, so they could put it in his library. I traveled home, a happy man.\n\nSindbad the Sailor grinned. \"Eat and return tomorrow for the tale of my final voyage.\" Sindbad the Porter put his new hundred gold coins in his pouch.\n\n_Scheherazade pressed on her belly and the babe within pressed back. \"He's a clever fellow, after all, this sailor,\" said Shah Rayar. \"But always in need of rescue,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"There's no shame in being rescued,\" mumbled Scheherazade, sleepily. \"Especially when you're clever,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_On Sindbad the Sailor's seventh and final voyage, he found himself on a ship that had unwittingly wandered into the farthest sea in the world, full of whales that swallowed sailors._\n\nNIGHT 544\n\nTHE TALE OF SINDBAD THE SAILOR, THE FINAL VOYAGE\n\n_\"Sister, Sister,\" called Dinarzad, \"tell us about the final voyage.\" \"Yes,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Tell us about this clever sailor's seventh and final voyage.\"_\n\n  hen Sindbad the Porter went to the home of Sindbad the Sailor the next day, he found the meal already prepared and the sailor's servants and neighbors gathered and waiting for his arrival. All ate quickly, then turned to face the sailor, who took a large breath and began the very last tale of the very last voyage.\n\nAFTER ALL OF THESE MISHAPS FROM WHICH I ESCAPED DEATH only due to the great generosity of the Almighty, I should have developed a profound appreciation of the joys of the calm life at home. Indeed, I had. Oh yes. I woke each day knowing I was a lucky man. I breathed in the aromas of my quiet meals and lay back in plump cushions to listen to music and watch dance, and I smiled at all this.\n\nYet inevitably, the memories of my past adventures faded. That's when I realized I was not yet cured of my desire for travel. Life here in Baghdad was so very known. The unknown out there\u2014out on the sea, out in those jungles, out in those foreign cities\u2014pulled at me till I was wobbly on my feet.\n\nIn haste, I put together many possessions, wrapped them in bales, and boarded a merchant ship. Off again. We traveled in high spirits, island to island, ever farther, when one day, on one of the many seas of China, it rained. Steadily. Then drenchingly. We covered our bales with canvas, but still we feared our goods would be ruined and the travel so far would have been for naught. The captain climbed the mast to see if he could spot a good harbor. But then he shrieked and pulled on his beard and slapped his face. Of course, I had seen that kind of behavior before, so I knew it meant the very worst had happened even before he explained that the winds had taken us to the farthest sea in the world and we had little chance of ever returning.\n\nThe captain went to his chest of goods. He took out a bag of ashes, wet them and smelled them. Then he opened a small book and read. When he finished, he looked up at us mournfully. \"We are doomed. Everyone who enters this region of the sea is swallowed by whales.\"\n\nAt his final word, our ship rose on a swell of sea and we saw a giant whale approaching with a noise like thunder. We cried out. A second whale, even larger and more fearful, appeared from another side. We wept shamelessly. A third whale, the most enormous and hideous of all, appeared from yet another side. We went mad; our death was imminent. They opened their cavernous jaws. In that very moment the ship crashed on a reef and split asunder. I found myself in the turbulent sea, tossed this way and that. When it finally calmed, I swam to a floating plank and attached myself like a tenacious bug and prayed to the Almighty. On each past voyage there had been a point when I realized my folly in traveling and when I regretted having left behind my wonderful home. Never had my regret been greater. \"I swear, Almighty One, with all that is good within me, that if you spare me this one last time, I will never travel again. I will never even want to travel again.\"\n\nThat plank floated to an island with freshwater and many fruit trees. I ate and drank and slept. When I woke, I thought of how a stream had carried me to safety on my last voyage. So I managed to fell some of the wonderful sandalwood trees on that island, and to string them together with twine I fashioned from reeds and grasses. I set my raft in the stream and was carried away. The stream was joined by others and soon I was in the center of a raging river. It headed straight for a mountainside. All the terror I had felt the last time I'd gone on a raft through a mountain tunnel came rushing at me and I tried to veer the raft to the shore. But the current overpowered me, and I found myself once again in a terrible tunnel. This time, though, the stream soon burst out into the open, and carried me through a valley all the way to a bustling city.\n\nThe people on the shore threw nets and ropes over my raft and hauled me in to safety. An old man took me home, fed and bathed me, and dressed me in fine silks. For three days I stayed with him, recovering my strength. On the fourth day he suggested we go to market and sell my goods. What goods? I had lost all my possessions when the ship broke on the reef. But I didn't want to contradict this old man after he had been so kind to me. So I said, \"As you wish.\" We went to market and the old man offered my raft for sale\u2014that raft I had made from sandalwood. It turned out that the sandalwood from the forest I had been in was the best quality in the world. No one had seen the likes of it before. The highest bid was a thousand dinars. The old man asked if I wanted to accept that price or if I preferred to wait a while and see if I could get a better price later. I was at a loss, for I had not even realized the raft was valuable. So I said, \"As you wish.\" The old man smiled and offered me a thousand dinars plus an additional hundred dinars if I'd sell the sandalwood to him. \"As you wish,\" I said, for the third time.\n\nWe went home and the old man was happy. A few days later he offered me his daughter in marriage. By this point, life felt out of my control entirely. So I answered, \"As you wish.\" We married, and it turned out his daughter was delightful. We fell in love. Soon afterward, the old man died and I inherited his home and belongings. Life was good.\n\n**Lush Islands**\n\nCredit 35.1\n\n_Ripe dates grow on date palm branches._\n\n**The islands Sindbad visits are lush with fruits; the seas, full of strange animals. Onvoyage three he met a jinni \"the size of a palm tree\" and saw \"a cow that was really a fish.\" The Persian Gulf region has more date palm trees than anywhere else. People eat the fruit and use the wattles and wood to make household goods. The gulf is also home to many unique animals, including the dugong, a marine mammal that can grow up to nine feet (2.7 m) long and grazes on water plants like a cow. There is no real bird similar to the Rukh, however.**\n\nI wandered often among the city people now and I noticed that at the beginning of each cycle of the moon the men grew wings and flew off, leaving the women and children behind. When they returned, life would go on normally until the next cycle of the moon. So I asked a man to carry me with him when he flew off the following time. He refused at first, but I insisted. So at the next cycle of the moon, I climbed on his back without telling my wife or servants, and I flew away with him. We went so high, we were in Heaven itself. I cried out, \"Glory be to the Almighty.\"\n\nAt my words, a fire burst from the sky. We barely escaped. The man dropped me on a mountaintop and spluttered many angry words at me and flew off. There I was, alone again and miserable. Two young men appeared from nowhere. They told me they were servants of the Almighty and they gave me a gold walking stick and left quickly.\n\nI walked the ridge of the mountain sure-footed with the aid of the wonderful stick. A serpent appeared with a man flopping out of his mouth, half-swallowed. \"Help me,\" the man cried, \"and the Almighty will help you.\" I smashed that serpent on the head with the gold staff and he spit out the man and left.\n\nThe man and I soon came to that man who had flown with me on his back. I apologized for having made him fly so high, since I thought that was what had caused us to almost get burned up. But he told me that it was my words of praise for the Almighty that had nearly caused our doom. He said if I'd hush, he'd carry me home. I got on his back in silence and he flew home with me.\n\nWhen I told my wife what had happened, she explained that those men were not followers of the Almighty, but of evil, and I must stay away from them. So we sold our possessions, got on a ship, and came back here to Baghdad. We are happy here and I will never travel again. I have no desire for travel. I am finally fully recovered from my obsession.\n\nSindbad the Sailor crossed his arms on his chest. \"What do you think of that, my fine porter?\"\n\n\"You have earned your wealth,\" said Sindbad the Porter. \"I apologize for having said that wealth was random. The song I sang while I sat on the bench outside your courtyard that first day we met\u2014that song was not true of you.\"\n\nThey feasted. At the end of the day they parted. But ever after Sindbad the Sailor and Sindbad the Porter ate together and talked together often. They were best friends.\n\n_Scheherazade hushed with the morning sun. \"Wealth is not random, then,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Not to those who praise the Almighty,\" said Dinarzad. \"I like this Sindbad the Sailor. He overcame much.\" \"And was rescued many times,\" said Dinarzad. \"Yes. That, too.\"_\n\n_Sindbad the Sailor rode on the back of a flying man who, in fact, was not a follower of the Almighty, but of evil. Sindbad was fortunate the man returned him to his wife._\n\n_Prince Hussain, the oldest son of the Sultan of the Indies, bought a small, worn-out carpet as his choice for what would be most awe-inspiring. On it, you could fly anywhere in the world in an instant._\n\nNIGHT 667\n\nTHE TALE OF PRINCE HUSSAIN & THE MAGIC CARPET\n\n_\"Sister? Sister, are you all right?\" came the voice of Dinarzad. \"Of course. Hush.\" \"But you groaned in pain.\" \"Don't be silly.\" \"I heard it, too,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Does your belly hurt?\" \"Quiet, both of you. I have a new tale to begin tonight.\"_\n\n  he Sultan of the Indies had three sons and one daughter. But the daughter was not his by birth. No, she was his brother's child, orphaned as a tiny babe. So the girl, named Princess Nuronnihar, was the cousin of the three princes, and all were raised together in the palace.\n\nPrincess Nuronnihar grew to be an exceedingly charming young woman. She was sweet tempered and had a way with animals. And anyone who looked at her practically swooned, her face was so exquisite.\n\nThe princes loved her, as brothers will love a sister. But soon they couldn't help but notice her loveliness. Eyes wide, they watched her dainty ways as she ate. Ears straining, they listened to her lilting melodies as she sang. Noses thrust forward, they followed her as she gathered flowers. Oh yes, they wanted to marry that perfect young lady\u2014all three of them vied for her hand.\n\nThe sultan tried hard to get the younger two brothers to yield to the eldest, but they refused. He might have simply declared in favor of the eldest, but that would have left bad feelings. Instead, the sultan made a decree: The princes must go in search of rarities\u2014spectacular, awe-inspiring wonders. The prince who brought back the greatest wonder would get to marry the princess. The sultan gave them each a considerably hefty sum of money with which to acquire these rarities.\n\nThe brothers took to the road together and stopped at an inn that night. They agreed to part and seek wonders each on his own, but then to meet up again at this same inn in precisely one year, and return home together.\n\nThe oldest brother, Prince Hussain, headed toward Bisnagar. Each street of that great city was lined with shops all of the same kind: cloth merchants, flower mongers, craftsmen called out their wares. Linens from India, silks from Persia and China, roses upon roses in garlands for your head or pots for home or shop, and jewels galore. Every merchant wore gold and gems and pearls. They hung from necks, circled arms and fingers and ankles and toes, dangled from the hems of sleeves. And the carpets\u2014the central panels were bordered with mirroring zigzags, floral garlands wove their way throughout like slithering snakes, the grounds were rich red or plunging blue. Each one was different from the others. Prince Hussain imagined taking Princess Nuronnihar to the countryside and spreading out a carpet for them to picnic on, laughing together. Perhaps beside a cool spring. Or beneath a spreading fig tree. He walked from shop to shop, inspecting the underside of each carpet for tight knots, feeling the top for smoothness, asking himself which one might best please his sweet love. They were all wondrous and of top quality, so far as he could see.\n\nPrince Hussain sat down to rest in a shop one day and a passing crier caught his attention, calling out a carpet at a high sum, higher than all the others. Naturally, Prince Hussain was curious. But the carpet was old and worn thin. It was on the small side, though certainly it was large enough for a prayer rug. Still, the merchant declared its virtues. \"When you sit on it, it will take you anywhere you wish to go in an instant.\"\n\n**The Comforts of a Rug**\n\nCredit 36.1\n\n_Persian carpets are made with a variety of colors and patterns._\n\n**Many cultures produce exquisite traditional rugs, from the land of the Native American Navajo all across the world to China. For nomadic people, in particular, setting up a tent and spreading one's rug on the ground can make an instant home. And if the ground happens to be desert sand, a rug can accommodate unevenness easily. For Muslims, a prayer rug, which can be rolled up to a small size, provides a place for daily prayers, whether they are at home or traveling.**\n\n\"Anywhere?\" asked the prince.\n\n\"Anywhere in the world. It flies. Let's sit on it and ride to the room you're staying in.\"\n\nPrince Hussain took off his shoes and stood barefoot on the carpet. He shivered in anticipation. He sat down on the carpet beside the merchant and wished to be in his room. An instant later, he was. The prince paid the high price happily. Surely he had the rarest wonder of all. He sat on the carpet and wished himself back at the inn, where he waited for his brothers to return.\n\nThe middle brother, Prince Ali, had taken the road to Shiraz, the capital of all Persia. That city was known for enchanting gardens, especially its lush fruit trees. It was certain to have just what he needed. He wandered through roses, hunted through orchards. But it wasn't in the splendors of the outdoors that he found his wonder, oh no. It was in the hands of a passing crier: an ivory telescope. The crier asked an exorbitant price. Prince Ali asked a shopkeeper if that crier might be crazy. But the shopkeeper said no; in fact, if the crier was asking a high price, the telescope must have virtues unimagined. The shopkeeper called over the crier, who then boasted that if you looked through the ivory telescope, you could see anything you wanted anywhere in the world. Prince Ali demanded a chance to test the telescope. Joy of joys, he looked through it and saw Princess Nuronnihar laughing with her handmaids. Prince Ali paid the high price instantly, of course. And, after enjoying the pleasures of Shiraz, he returned to the inn, where he found his brother Prince Hussain. Together they awaited their younger brother.\n\n_Prince Ali, the second son of the Sultan of the Indies, bought an ivory telescope as his choice for what would be most awe-inspiring. Through it you could see anything anywhere in the world._\n\n_Prince Ahmed, the youngest son of the Sultan of the Indies, bought an artificial apple as his choice for what would be most awe-inspiring. It gave off a perfume that could heal anyone of any ailment._\n\nThe youngest brother, Prince Ahmed, had taken the road to Samarqand. After all, it was a famous city, where merchants from all over came to peddle their wares. He'd be sure to find a fabulous wonder in Samarqand. And very soon, he did. It was an artificial apple, very unassuming in its look. But the crier wanted a huge sum for it. Prince Ahmed leaned forward and sniffed. That artificial apple let off the most pungent smell, as though you were sitting in a bath of stewed apples. The merchant smiled. That smell, that perfume as he called it, could heal anyone of any ailment. Prince Ahmed wanted proof of the artificial apple's virtues, of course. So the merchant called over passing people, and all confirmed that they or their husband or their cousin or their neighbor had been cured of a terrible ill by that very apple. Still, Prince Ahmed wanted to see it in action for himself. So they found a sick man and cured him with the apple. Prince Ahmed paid the high price willingly. Then he set out for the inn to meet his brothers.\n\n_Dawn came and brought Scheherazade the comfort of silence. Her back ached. Her legs ached. The baby inside her kicked against her ribs. Now her ribs ached, too. She stifled a groan._\n\n_\"All three brothers found amazing wonders,\" said Dinarzad. \"But the carpet is best,\" said Shah Rayar. \"If you fly on a carpet, you can look down on the world with a bird's-eye view. That could give you the advantage in so many things, from trading to warring.\" \"The telescope can let you see everything, too,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"But the carpet can carry you away from danger.\"_\n\n_\"The artificial apple could heal you if did fall prey to danger.\" \"But the carpet is best!\" Shah Rayar put his heavy hand on Scheherazade's enormous belly. She felt the baby kick at his hand. The king pushed back gently. \"Flying is special. The flight of birds can tell you the thoughts of the Almighty.\"_\n\n_\"The carpet isn't a bird, though.\"_\n\n_\"No. But the carpet carries you places. It's like Scheherazade's stories. Itlets you experience things. I want to experience all that life has to offer.\" \"Ah,\" said Dinarzad. \"I see now.\"_\n\n_Ah, thought Scheherazade. Ah._\n\n_The three brother princes compared their findings and realized that the flying carpet, the all-seeing telescope, and the healing apple had to be connected somehow. They were right, as we shall see._\n\nNIGHT 668\n\nTHE TALE OF PRINCE HUSSAIN & THE MAGIC CARPET CONTINUES\n\n_\"Sister? Sister, are you all right?\" came the voice of Dinarzad._\n\n_\"I told you not to ask me that.\"_\n\n_\"But you groaned. A lot.\"_\n\n_\"Sometimes people groan when they are expecting achild. Pay attention to the story. Listen.\" And Scheherazade spoke, haltingly, taking time for deep breaths. There were moments when life started and moments when life ended. Please let this moment be of the first type. She mustered energy for the tale._\n\n  he three brother princes met at the inn, as they had agreed. Prince Ahmed showed his artificial apple whose perfume could heal anyone of any ill. He had found it in a town famous for silk things, like carpets. Prince Ali showed his ivory telescope through which you could see anything anywhere. He had bought it in a town that sold the best fruits. And Prince Hussain showed his flying carpet that could carry you anywhere you wanted to go in an instant. He had bought it in a town overflowing with inventions. Each linked to the other; Prince Ahmed, by all reason, should have found the wondrous artificial fruit in the town Prince Ali visited (the one famous for fruits) and Prince Ali should have found the wondrous telescope in the town Prince Hussain had visited (the one famous for inventions) and Prince Hussain should have found the wondrous carpet in the town Prince Ahmed visited (the one famous for silky things). The brothers noticed this fact. Their wondrous finds made a circle, a woven ring, with a united strength that none of them guessed at yet, but all of them sensed.\n\nAll of them were also impatient to see Princess Nuronnihar again. So it was natural for them to decide to look through that ivory telescope.\n\nAlas! Their beloved princess had taken ill. Doctors couldn't cure her. She wasn't eating, wasn't sleeping. She was in constant pain. Death hovered at her door.\n\nThe brothers jumped on the flying carpet. An instant later they were beside the princess's bed. Prince Ahmed held the artificial apple under Princess Nuronnihar's nose. Let it cure her, the brothers pleaded inside their heads. She breathed only shallowly\u2014but, oh, the Almighty is generous, indeed; those shallow breaths were enough. Color returned to Princess Nuronnihar's cheeks. She sat up and smiled\u2014wanly, yes, but genuinely. Her cousin-brothers had saved her\u2014together, by the united strength of their wondrous findings.\n\nThe sultan admitted his sons had brought back wonders beyond imagination. But he couldn't choose which was the most wondrous, since, in fact, it was the coordination of all three together that had saved the princess's life. And it never occurred to him to ask the princess if she had a preference, either for a particular gift or a particular prince. The sultan was not very smart that way, you see. So the dim-witted sultan made a new decree. The princes would shoot arrows; the one whose arrow went the farthest would win the princess.\n\n_The telescope told the princes that Princess Nuronnihar ailed. They flew back to her on the magic carpet. Then they put the perfumed apple under her nose and waited to see if she would heal._\n\nPrince Hussain shot first. Then came Prince Ali, and he shot farther. Then came Prince Ahmed. His arrow flew out of sight. The sultan declared him disqualified, since no one could find the arrow, which meant it was impossible to measure how far it had gone. So Prince Ali won.\n\nPrince Hussain spluttered and choked. Everything had gone wrong. Princess Nuronnihar was the love of his life. This was too much to bear. He ceded his right to inherit the crown to his brother Ali and he left, to lead the hermit life of a deeply religious dervish.\n\n_Scheherazade hushed._\n\n_\"It's not yet dawn,\" said Shah Rayar. \"You shouldn't stop yet._\n\n_The story has gone all wrong. You have to fix it. Prince Hussain is right. He should have won the princess's hand. He should have won on the very first task, for the flying carpet was the most wondrous gift.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade stayed silent; she couldn't speak in that very moment. She couldn't do anything but wait for the pain in her belly to pass._\n\n_\"I have to admit I agree,\" said Dinarzad. \"Poor Prince Hussain. He has no wife.\" \"But he has a flying carpet,\" said Scheherazade when she could speak again. \"He can use it to experience other things.\"_\n\n_\"I suppose that's true,\" said Shah Rayar. He rubbed at the corners of his mouth. \"All right. Tell me about Prince Hussain's adventures on that carpet.\"_\n\n_\"You can make them up yourself,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n_\"What? I'm no storyteller.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade spluttered and choked, just as Prince Hussain had done\u2014but not from rage._\n\n_\"Sister! What is it, Sister?\"_\n\n_\"It's time.\"_\n\n_\"Time? For the baby?\" Shah Rayar sat up straight. \"I'll send for themidwife.\" \"It's coming too fast. You deliver this child.\" \"Me?\"_\n\n_Scheherazade grabbed Shah Rayar's wrist tight and gritted her teeth as her belly hardened again. When it softened, she said, \"You.\" \"Men don't help at the births of their children.\" \"You are not just any man. You are king.\" Shah Rayar put his free hand in his hair and pulled. \"But it's wrong.\"_\n\n_\"The Almighty would want a father to take care of his child, no?\" \"That's true.\" Now Shah Rayar put the side of his hand to his mouth and bit down on it. \"But I don't know what to do. How could I possibly do this right?\"_\n\n_Scheherazade grabbed his other wrist tight, as another contraction came, harder than ever. When it passed, she felt spent. \"I'll tell you what to do. Dinarzad will help.\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar, as king, could do exceptional things. He helped his second son be born, and thusexperienced one of the very best moments of his life._\n\n_\"This is crazy.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade pressed the top of her head against her husband's chest as hard as she could, but it didn't lessen the pain. Still, she must not scream; she must not scare him away. \"You want experience,\" she managed at last. \"That's what you said. What could be more thrilling than helping your child enter this world?\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar pulled himself free. He got to his feet and stood beside the bed, staring into the dark at his wife._\n\n_Dinarzad lit a candle. She brought over the basin of water that had been waiting in the corner for this moment._\n\n_Scheherazade curled around her rock of a belly. Her moans filled the room, but her eyes remained on that husband, that husband who must must must stay._\n\n_When she fell silent again, Shah Rayar said, \"Tell me what to do.\" And so their second son was born, into the ready, wide, warm, and grateful hands of his father._\n\n_Shah Rayar whispered in his son's right ear the adh\u0101n\u2014the first call to prayer. Then he held the babe to his mother's mouth and she whispered in his left ear the iq\u0101ma\u2014the second call._\n\n_Shah Rayar wept in joy._\n\n**Midwives**\n\nCredit 37.1\n\n_A midwife examines a newborn baby._\n\n**In the past, in much of the world, midwives delivered babies, and in many places they still do today. In fact, midwives often tended to the full health needs of people, particularly women and children. Until recent times, midwives' knowledge was largely based on training with other midwives, and, often, on superstition and overheard information. Still, the best could be very good. Today many midwives get formal medical training, which some combine with traditional practices.**\n\n_Aladdin's \"uncle,\" who was really not his uncle at all, but a magician, led him to a cavern under the earth filled with treasures of all types. There, Aladdin found an old, dirty lamp._\n\nNIGHT 730\n\nTHE TALE OF ALADDIN\n\n_\"Sister, would you continue the last story now, please,\" said Dinarzad. \"Certainly,\" said Scheherazade. \"Do it quickly,\" said Shah Rayar. Scheherazade's heart fluttered. She had indeed planned to finish that one quickly. But why was her husband asking for that? What was his rush? \"Does it displease you?\" \"Not at all. I'm just looking forward to the next one you'll tell tonight. The long one that will stretch through the morning till midday.\" Scheherazade smiled. \"You remembered.\" \"Two years ago tonight you told the first story. Last year, on our firstanniversary, you told an extra story: the tale of Ali Baba and the 40 thieves. So I've been looking forward to this second anniversary.\" Scheherazade laughed. She'd been planning this anniversary tale for days. She kissed her sons, one on her left and one on her right, and quickly finished off the tale of the night before. Then she plunged into the extra story._\n\n  n far China lived the tailor Mustafa, who had a son named Aladdin. Though the tailor and his wife were gentle people, Aladdin was a scamp. He spent his days with loutish boys vandalizing the property of others out of sheer boredom. After his father died, his mother had to sell the shop, for she couldn't run it alone. She earned a meager living by spinning cotton.\n\nOne day a magician passed through town, though no one knew he was a magician yet. He noticed Aladdin looking scruffy and brutish in a public square. Why, he could make use of a boy like that. The magician asked around and learned details about Aladdin's family. The next day he went up to Aladdin and said, \"Is your father the tailor, Mustafa?\"\n\n\"He died long ago.\"\n\n\"Oh no!\" The magician burst out in tears. He clasped Aladdin to his chest. \"Mustafa was my brother. You resemble him so much, it hurts to look upon you.\" He filled the boy's palm with coins. \"Give my greetings to your mother. I will visit tomorrow, for I long to see where my beloved brother lived.\"\n\nAladdin went home confused; he'd never heard about an uncle. His mother was likewise confused.\n\nThe next day Aladdin wandered about a different section of town. Again, the magician appeared, hugged him, and gave him coins\u2014two gold ones this time. \"Take these to your mother so she can buy food. I'll come to supper tonight.\"\n\nAladdin gave the magician directions to his home and he gave the coins to his mother, who prepared an elaborate meal. The magician showed up with fruits and wines. He explained that he had been traveling for 40 years and had not seen Mustafa since they were small, but was delighted now to see his family. He asked Aladdin what trade he did.\n\nAt this, the mother berated Aladdin for his laziness.\n\nThe magician offered to set Aladdin up in a cloth shop. \"Does being a merchant appeal to you, my son?\"\n\nNo job appealed to Aladdin. But at least merchants dressed well. He nodded.\n\nThe next day the magician took Aladdin shopping for clothes that suited a merchant. Aladdin marched around in his new clothes. Now they needed to buy a shop and fill it with wonderful fabrics. But it would take more time to do that. So, instead, on the following day, which was a holy day, the magician took Aladdin for a walk in his new clothes so that he could meet the finest people in town and get them to agree to do business with him.\n\nAladdin grew excited. How lucky he was to have this marvelous uncle. They walked through fragrant gardens and talked with rich people who lived in stunning palaces. Life was like a fantasy.\n\nThey walked and walked and Aladdin gradually tired. It was hot and they had passed the edges of town. \"If we keep going, I won't have the strength to walk back.\"\n\n\"I have something marvelous to show you. Just a little way more.\" The magician led Aladdin through wilderness to a valley.\n\n\"Gather brushwood for a fire, my son.\"\n\nAladdin made a fire and the magician threw incense on it. Thick smoke formed. The magician murmured a spell and the earth opened, revealing a stone slab with a bronze ring attached. The magician suddenly turned and knocked Aladdin flat on the ground with a single blow. Aladdin's mouth bled. \"Why?\" he cried out. \"What have I done wrong?\"\n\n\"Nothing. And you must do nothing wrong. I will give you directions and you must follow them exactly. The result will be wealth for us. Do you understand?\" The magician's voice trembled.\n\nAladdin would have scoffed at such talk a few days ago. But the glitter in his uncle's eye won him over. \"I will do everything you say, exactly as you say it.\"\n\n\"Pull on that bronze ring and lift the slab aside.\"\n\n\"Help me.\"\n\n\"Only your hands can touch it.\"\n\n\"I'm not strong enough to lift that by myself.\"\n\n\"Don't talk back! Do it!\"\n\nAladdin grabbed the bronze ring and pulled. What! The stone came up easily, as though made of cotton. He set it aside, ever more convinced that his uncle was right about everything.\n\nSteps descended to a door under the earth. The magician gave Aladdin instructions. He took off his ring and put it on Aladdin's finger. \"This will protect you from evil.\"\n\nAladdin knew nothing of magic, so he had little faith in the ring. But he trusted his uncle, and went down the stairs, through the door. He gathered his clothes tight around him, because his uncle had warned that if any part of him touched the walls, he would die. He passed through vaulted rooms where bronze jars brimmed with gold and silver, but he took not a single pebble. Now he reached a garden where trees offered brightly colored fruits. His uncle had said he could take as many of these fruits as he liked. Aladdin touched them. Glass, he thought, though really they were diamonds, rubies, emeralds, turquoise, amethysts, and sapphires\u2014but this humble boy knew no better. Still, he filled his shirt with them. At last he mounted a staircase and on the terrace at the top he found an old oil lamp. He blew out the flame, as his uncle had ordered, and poured off the liquid. Then he hurried back to the cave entrance.\n\n_Hungry and thirsty, on the third day Aladdin accidentally rubbed the magician's ring in prayer. \"Your wish is my command,\" said the monstrous jinni that appeared to him._\n\n\"Uncle,\" he called, laden with the glass fruits and the lamp. \"Reach out a hand to help me climb up.\"\n\n\"Hand me the lamp first.\"\n\nBut something made Aladdin's old self emerge\u2014the self who had caused his father anguish. \"I'll give you the lamp once I'm out. Help me.\"\n\nThe more the magician insisted on having the lamp first, the more Aladdin's stubbornness grew. In a fury the magician threw incense on the fire again and uttered two magic words. Slam! The entrance to the cave shut. Aladdin was left in the dark.\n\nThe magician stomped in a circle. He was practiced in the magic of throwing pebbles in sand and learning what he wanted to know from their patterns\u2014true geomancy. That's how he had learned of the magic lamp, which could give him all sorts of wealth. The catch was that he was not allowed to remove this lamp from the cave himself. So he had chosen Aladdin for the task. What trouble the boy had turned out to be. The magician gave up and returned to his home in a country far south.\n\nAladdin called out an apology to his uncle. But his voice didn't carry through the stone slab. For two days he sat on the bottom step and despaired. On the third day without food or water or sleep, he put his hands together in prayer and commended his soul to the Almighty. It was that action, simply putting his hands together, that made him inadvertently rub the ring that the magician had put on his finger and then had forgotten to take back.\n\nA jinni appeared. \"Whoever wears that ring rules me and all the other slaves of the ring. Your wish is my command.\"\n\n\"Get me out of here,\" said Aladdin. A second later he was back on the dirt outside the cave and the cave had closed, leaving no trace. He hobbled home and fell unconscious on the floor.\n\nHis mother had mourned him for dead. Now she rejoiced. When he was conscious again, she fed him tiny bit by tiny bit till he had eaten everything. Aladdin showed her the glass fruit and the lamp and told her the whole tale. Neither of them could make sense of it.\n\nThe mother went to clean the old, dirty lamp, so that Aladdin could sell it and buy more food. But with the first rub, a jinni appeared. \"Whoever holds the lamp rules me and all the other slaves of the lamp. Your wish is my command.\" Aladdin's mother fainted.\n\n\"Feed me,\" Aladdin said to the jinni.\n\nThe jinni left and returned quickly. A giant bowl and 12 plates, all of silver, all piled high with luxurious foods, were stacked on his head. In his hands were two silver cups and bottles of wine. He set all down and disappeared.\n\nAladdin's mother came to and looked at the food, bewildered. He told her of the jinni. She assumed it was the same jinni that had helped him escape from the cave. But, no, that was the ring jinni. This was the lamp jinni. \"Get rid of that lamp!\" she said. \"The Almighty counsels us not to deal with jinn.\"\n\n\"No, Mother, I'll keep the lamp\u2014hidden away, if you wish. I'll keep the ring as well. But to satisfy you, we'll need to find another way to get money for food.\"\n\nThe next day Aladdin sold one of the silver dishes to a merchant. This merchant was a scoundrel, however, and he knew a chump when he saw one. He paid Aladdin a single gold piece. Aladdin happily bought enough food for two days. Then he took another dish to the scoundrel merchant. He kept doing that till he'd sold all 12 dishes. The only thing that remained was the giant silver bowl. The merchant bought that for 10 gold pieces\u2014a steal.\n\nWhile the 10 gold pieces lasted, Aladdin spent time among the merchants, listening and becoming more worldly. When the money ran out, he called on the lamp jinni again. \"Feed me,\" he said.\n\nAnother silver bowl. Another 12 silver dishes, two cups, food and wine. When the food was gone, Aladdin took a dish to sell to the scoundrel merchant. On the way he passed a goldsmith shop. This merchant was honest. He stopped Aladdin. \"I've seen you pass with goods to sell. If you sell to me, I'll give you a just price.\"\n\nAladdin sold the dish for 72 gold pieces! He was astonished. He and his mother lived frugally for years, selling the silver dishes, one by one. In this time, Aladdin learned much by listening to the merchants. He came to recognize that the glass fruits at home were precious gems. But he didn't tell anyone.\n\nOne summer day Aladdin heard that the sultan's daughter was going to the baths and no one could look upon her as she walked the path there. Instead of shutting himself at home, like the others, Aladdin hid behind the bathhouse door. He saw the princess arrive and lift her veil.\n\nIn all his life, Aladdin had seen the face of only one woman, his mother. A plain face. But this princess was beautiful. Her eyes sparkled. Aladdin went home and suffered love pangs. He asked his mother to go to the palace and beg the sultan to let him marry the princess.\n\nHis mother laughed. Had he gone mad? Besides, even if the sultan were to grant her an audience, how could she convince him? Aladdin had done nothing to deserve the princess. And one couldn't go to the sultan without a splendid gift for him.\n\n\"Fetch your porcelain bowl, Mother.\" Aladdin filled it with the fruit-shaped gems he had gathered in the cave. \"This is a splendid gift.\"\n\n\"But what will I say if he asks me about your possessions? That's all rich people care about.\"\n\n\"I'll find an answer. Just go, Mother. But tell no one our secrets.\"\n\nAladdin's mother went to the palace and stood in the council chamber with many others. The sultan sat on his throne and listened to everyone's problems. Aladdin's mother was intimidated. She simply watched all day, then went home. She did the same for many days, holding that porcelain bowl covered with two layers of cloth.\n\n**ModestVeils**\n\nCredit 38.1\n\n_A woman wears a veil to cover her hair, ears, mouth, and throat._\n\n**In this story, Aladdin sees the princess unveil herself and this is the first time he's seen a woman's face other than his mother's. Dressing modestly is an important Islamic principle for both men and women, and women's veils that cover the hair and sometimes the ears and throat are common today. However, women's veils that covered the whole face, with netting or a slit at the eyes to allow sight, were common in the times of this tale\u2014not just in Muslim cultures, but in Jewish and Greek cultures, and in some areas of India, too.**\n\nThe sultan noticed the old woman who came so loyally but never spoke up. One evening he told his grand vizier to bring her to him the next day. When Aladdin's mother showed up in the morning, the grand vizier bid her to come forward. She bowed and touched her forehead to the carpet. When the sultan asked why she came every day, she said her son Aladdin was in love with the princess and wanted to marry her.\n\nThe sultan sighed at this silly request. But he was kind, and asked what the old woman had in her hands. She unwrapped the porcelain bowl. The sultan's mouth fell open. Glorious jewels! He said to his vizier, \"This seems like the gift of a man who should marry my daughter, no?\"\n\nThe grand vizier put his mouth to the sultan's ear and whispered. \"You promised your daughter to my son, Your Majesty. Please put off your decision for three months and allow my son time to arrange a more valuable gift.\"\n\nThe sultan doubted three months would change anything. The jewels in the porcelain bowl were of immense value. But he didn't want to hurt his grand vizier's feelings. \"Dear woman,\" he said to Aladdin's mother, \"this is a splendid gift. It will take three months to get ready for the wedding. Tell your son to come here then.\"\n\n_Aladdin's lamp jinni carried the princess and her groom in their wedding bed to Aladdin's home. Then Aladdin banished the groom to the privy while he climbed in bed with the princess._\n\nAladdin's mother practically glided home. She gave Aladdin the happy news. Aladdin counted the days, the hours, the minutes.\n\nTwo months later Aladdin's mother walked into town to buy oil and found the streets crowded with people in ceremonial costumes on bejeweled horses. Everyone cheered because the sultan's daughter was to marry the grand vizier's son that evening. Aladdin's mother reeled at the news. She hurried home and she and Aladdin stood there together, senseless with loss.\n\nThe magic lamp! Aladdin went to his room and rubbed it. \"Jinni, tonight, when the bride and groom climb into their bed, bring the bed here, with them in it.\"\n\nIn a few hours the groom climbed into the wedding bed. The princess Badr al-Budur was led to the bed by her mother, the sultana, according to custom. The mother shut the door, leaving the married couple alone. The bed shook violently, rose into the air, and in an instant, they found themselves, bed and all, in the room of a strange young man, who was, of course, Aladdin.\n\nAladdin looked at the jinni, who was under the bed, out of sight of the princess and the groom. \"Lock the groom in the privy till morning. Then bring him back.\"\n\nThe poor groom found himself shut in the cold, damn, stinking privy.\n\nAladdin climbed into bed with the princess. \"Never fear. I honor and respect you. Let us sleep.\" He put his sword between himself and the princess, to show he had no intention of bothering her. Then he slept.\n\nThe poor princess found herself in bed in a strange room with a man beside her who clearly was berserk. She curled into the smallest ball possible. Every noise made her flinch.\n\nIn the morning Aladdin told the jinni to put the vizier's son back in the bed and carry the bed to the palace. The bed shook, rose, then plopped down in its original spot. The princess and groom didn't dare look at each other.\n\nThe groom ran to get clean and put on warm clothes to dispel the chill that had entered his bones. He had no idea what had happened, but no one should find out about it. Tense as a rabbit, he went about his day with a smile, pretending the night before had gone as a wedding night should.\n\nThe princess, however, huddled in bed and looked out with haunted eyes. The sultan came to her, but she refused to talk. The sultana came to her, and the princess refused again. The sultana insisted. Princess Badr al-Budur broke into tears and told the story. Horrified, her mother said, \"It's good you didn't tell your father. He would think you'd lost your senses. It was only a dream.\" She went to the window and threw open the shutters. \"Hear the trumpets, drums, tambourines? Hear the oboes, fifes, cymbals? That music is to celebrate your happiness. Put on a happy face. Act right.\"\n\nThat night the groom and the princess climbed into bed again, both trying to allay their fears. The same thing happened as the night before. The next morning, the groom ran off like a chicken without his head. The princess chewed on her nails and stared at her own nose.\n\nThe sultan stomped at the foot of her bed. \"If you don't tell me what happened, I'll chop your head off.\" He unsheathed his sword.\n\nIn a gushing stream of words, the princess told everything. The sultan asked the grand vizier to see if his son would confirm the princess's tale. The grand vizier's son not only confirmed it, he begged to have the marriage annulled.\n\nAll joy in the palace ceased. All joy in the town ceased.\n\nThe sultan was flummoxed. What had caused this horror? He never once imagined that his own broken promise to Aladdin was the cause. Rather, he had totally forgotten about Aladdin. This may be hard to understand; after all, Aladdin's mother had given him the porcelain bowl filled with fantastic jewels. But the grand vizier was adept at persuasion, and he had managed to wash the sultan's mind clean of Aladdin and his old mother.\n\nA month later, Aladdin sent his mother to the palace again, to say she had returned at the designated time\u2014three months\u2014and that her son was ready for marriage to the sultan's daughter. Upon seeing her, the sultan remembered his promise. But the woman was dressed so shabby that he couldn't bring himself to do the right thing. Surely, his daughter shouldn't marry a pauper. So the sultan said, \"I will make good on my promise as soon as your son brings me 40 large gold bowls of jewels each on the head of a servant, with the same number of servants leading the whole procession.\" An outrageous demand, to say the least.\n\nBut Aladdin rubbed his magic lamp. The next day the sultan was richer by 80 servants and by 40 bowls of pearls, emeralds, rubies, diamonds, in a procession that had made the people in the streets gawk. The bowls sat on the carpet in front of his throne. The servants stood behind them in garments fit for kings. Aladdin's mother bowed before the sultan.\n\nThe greedy sultan sent Aladdin's mother home to fetch him for a wedding that same day. He didn't ask what sort of person Aladdin was\u2014kind or mean, intelligent or bumbling, generous or stingy, pious or impious. The sultan proved himself in that moment to be an empty-head, influenced only by wealth.\n\nAladdin rubbed the magic lamp and had the jinni prepare him a perfumed bath, and then the best clothes, the finest horse and saddle, harness, bridle. He ordered 40 manservants wearing silk garments. He ordered six maidservants dressed in silk and carrying six wonderful garments in their hands. And he ordered 10 purses, each holding a thousand pieces of gold.\n\nAladdin gave his mother the six maidservants and the garments they held, plus four of the bulging purses.\n\nThen he went to the palace, with 40 servants surrounding his horse in a grand procession. Six of them scattered the gold pieces from the six remaining purses to the crowd that gathered. Though Aladdin had never been on a horse before, he rode with dignity. No one recognized the fine gentleman on horseback as the same ruffian who used to cause mischief in the public squares. And this was good, this was right, because one of the powers of the magic lamp was to make its owner as good as he deserved to be given how he used the lamp. Because Aladdin was distributing money to the townspeople, the lamp refined his soul. He was now as good a person as the best in the land.\n\nAt the palace, Aladdin prepared to kiss the ground in front of the sultan, but the sultan hugged him before he could do that. It was an astonishing act of friendship. Remember, this sultan was a fool for displays of wealth; nothing could have made him happier than seeing all these well-dressed servants around this man who seemed to exhale money.\n\nAladdin and the sultan ate together, and Aladdin asked to put off the wedding long enough to build a palace to live in. The sultan agreed and gave Aladdin a large plot of land close to his own palace.\n\nAladdin returned home and, of course, rubbed the magic lamp. The jinni summoned all the other jinn within the lamp\u2014all slaves of the lamp. By morning a new palace stood beside the sultan's, made of all the best materials: porphyry, lapis lazuli, jasper, agate, and marble in every color. On the top was a square room, with six windows on each side, and a dome on top. Jewel-laden lattices covered the windows, all but one, that was left unfinished. The new palace had a garden behind, a courtyard within, and a forecourt. It had a kitchen, pantries, storehouses, halls, bedrooms, a treasure room filled with gold. It had stables with fast steeds and skilled riders, trained grooms, much hunting equipment. Last of all, Aladdin had a fine velvet carpet stretched out from the front gate of the sultan's palace to the front gate of the new palace.\n\nWhen the sultan woke and saw this palace, he grew giddy with delight. The grand vizier said, \"A palace built in a single night? Magic is afoot!\" But the sultan chalked the grand vizier's reaction up to envy.\n\nThat night there was a sumptuous feast, with music and dance. Then Princess Badr al-Budur kissed her parents goodbye and walked the velvet carpet to the new palace, where Aladdin awaited her. He had made his jinni prepare a special meal, in dishes and goblets of exquisite craftsmanship. The bride and groom ate with Aladdin's mother, while musicians played, women sang, and dancers twirled around them. Finally, Aladdin took his bride to their wedding bed.\n\nAladdin was kind and sweet to the princess that night. He won her love, for nothing is as irresistible as being adored.\n\nThe next morning Aladdin invited the sultan to dine in the new palace. The sultan walked through the halls, exclaiming at their beauty. But he asked why one window on the top floor was left unfinished. Aladdin smiled. \"This way you can have the pleasure of finishing it, and thus finishing the whole palace. I can be suitably grateful every time I look at the palace, since without your consent, none of this would have happened.\"\n\nThe sultan loved the idea. He called together the best jewelers to make the final window lattice immediately. Little did he realize that the kind of workmanship that had gone into the other window lattices was beyond what any human could do. His men worked for a month, and used up nearly all the jewels in the sultan's treasury, yet still they hadn't finished even half the job.\n\n_Aladdin had his lamp jinni build an astonishingly lavish palace, with many levels and all sorts of the finest jewels and stones. It was so near the sultan's palace, the sultan could look upon it easily._\n\nAladdin realized that his idea wasn't turning out right. So he made the sultan's workers undo everything and return the jewels to the treasury. Then he rubbed the magic lamp and had the jinn of the lamp make a lattice for the window.\n\nWhen the workers told the sultan that Aladdin had sent them away, the sultan came running to find out why. He could hardly believe his eyes; the lattice was now finished. \"You're a marvel, Aladdin.\"\n\nBut the grand vizier said nothing, convinced this was evil magic.\n\nSeveral years went by. In this time, Aladdin got to know everyone in town, and gave gold pieces to those in need. He became so beloved that people adopted the custom of invoking his name when they made promises.\n\nWhile all this was going on, the magician who had tricked Aladdin in the first place was living in his home when one day, for no particular reason, he wondered about that stubborn boy Aladdin, who he had left in the cave. He took out the square box he used for geomancy and smoothed the sand in it. Then he threw a handful of beads into the air and studied the pattern they made when they fell onto the sand. What was this! Aladdin wasn't dead. To the contrary, he was a rich man, married to a princess.\n\nSurely it was the work of the magic lamp. The stupid boy had discovered its powers. The magician rode horseback day and night, moon after moon. He arrived in Aladdin's town in China and took a room at the best public inn. He walked around and discovered the new palace, which was of such splendor it could only have been constructed by jinn. He learned from passersby that Aladdin was on a hunting trip. Excellent. Aladdin's absence was the magician's opportunity.\n\nHe went to a store and had 12 oil lamps made, polished to a shine. The next day he walked through town, crying, \"Lamps, lamps, lamps to trade. Give me your old, I'll give you my new.\" People laughed; such a trade made no sense.\n\nOne of the princess's maidservants heard him and thought of the old lamp that Aladdin kept on a shelf. Wouldn't it be a nice surprise for Aladdin if they made this trade? The princess agreed. She sent a manservant to make the trade.\n\nThe magician had never seen the magic lamp before, of course. But he had no doubt that the old lamp this palace servant held was the magic lamp. He made the trade and ran out of town, through the wilderness, to a secluded spot. Then he rubbed it.\n\nThe jinni appeared. \"Whoever holds the lamp rules me and all the other slaves of the lamp. Your wish is my command.\"\n\n\"Transport me and the entire palace with everyone within it, to my home country.\"\n\nInstantly, all was exactly as the magician had ordered.\n\nBack in China, the sultan walked by his window, casually glancing out. He rubbed his eyes. He shouted. The grand vizier came running. \"Do you see the palace of my daughter and Aladdin?\"\n\nThe grand vizier rubbed his own eyes. \"It's disappeared.\" He slapped his fist into his palm. \"I knew there was magic afoot!\"\n\n\"Bring Aladdin to me, and I'll have his head chopped off!\"\n\nSo horsemen rode out to the countryside and surrounded Aladdin. They put a chain around him and led him back to the palace. When the townspeople saw him bound like this, they grew angry. This was their hero. They demanded he be set free.\n\n_The sultan saw that the splendid palace where his daughter lived had disappeared. His vizier's suspicions were confirmed: Aladdin had conspired with magic forces._\n\nThe guards stopped the townsfolk at the palace gate and brought Aladdin into the forecourt. From outside the crowds shouted. They gathered arms to storm the palace.\n\n\"If you kill Aladdin,\" said the grand vizier, \"you risk everything, Your Majesty. The people love him.\"\n\nThe sultan shook in terror, for the mob grew larger. He turned to his guards. \"Tell the people I pardon Aladdin.\"\n\nSo the guards unbound Aladdin and the crowds dispersed.\n\nAladdin stood outside the palace and called up to the sultan. \"Won't you tell me the crime I am accused of?\"\n\n\"Come up here and I'll show you,\" called back the sultan. When Aladdin had entered and climbed the stairs to the balcony, the sultan jabbed his finger in the air. \"See?\"\n\nAladdin blinked. \"Where is my palace?\"\n\n\"More important, where is my daughter?\"\n\nAladdin put his hands in his hair and rocked back and forth on his feet. How could he have lost the woman he loved? \"Give me 40 days to find my dearest princess. If I don't succeed, kill me, for I won't want to live.\" And he raced away.\n\nHe asked everyone if they knew what had become of the princess. None could help. He wandered through the countryside. Despair weighed him down. He didn't eat or sleep. He stopped by the river and stared at it. The only solution was to take his own life by drowning.\n\nFirst, though, he would pray. He went down the steep slope that led to the river, where he would wash before prayer, but his foot slipped and he tumbled against a rock. In the process he accidentally rubbed his ring. The ring jinni appeared.\n\nAladdin had forgotten about the powers of the ring, for the magic lamp had taken care of his needs for years. \"Oh, wonderful jinni. Bring back my palace and my wife.\"\n\n\"I am but the slave of the ring. You must speak with the slave of the lamp for that request.\"\n\n\"Then take me to my palace. Set me down under the window of my precious wife.\"\n\nA moment later Aladdin found himself outside the palace he knew so well. It was darkest night. He collapsed in a heap of fatigue. At dawn he woke and looked up at the princess's window. His mind was clear for the first time since he'd been arrested by the sultan. He realized now that the palace had been brought here by the magic of his old lamp. Someone had found it. His insides went cold with dread. Who else could it be but that magician who pretended to be his uncle?\n\nWhen the princess appeared at her window, Aladdin called up to her. In joy, she had a servant open the secret door below her room. Aladdin came up and their tears mingled. Aladdin explained what he thought must have happened. Princess Badr al-Budur told him about the trade of the lamp, and how the magician carried that old lamp with him constantly. He visited her every day and wanted her to marry him, but she would have nothing to do with him.\n\nA plan formed in Aladdin's head. He went out the secret door and found a peasant to exchange clothes with. Then he went to the street with all the apothecary shops and bought a special powder. He returned to the princess. \"Trust me. I need you to do something that will be abhorrent to you. But it will turn good in the end.\"\n\nThe princess did as Aladdin asked. She bathed and perfumed herself. She had a maidservant arrange her hair beautifully. She put on her fanciest dress. She draped herself with jewelry. When the magician came, she smiled at him sweetly.\n\nHe stumbled a few steps backward. \"Your change in attitude...ah, princess...it surprises me.\"\n\n\"I am a practical person,\" said the princess. \"I have faced the fact that Aladdin is dead by now. My father will have slain him. Today I performed the final rites for him, everything a widow should do. Now I must look to the future.\" She nodded at him solemnly. \"With you.\" He nodded back, his face all delight. \"I have ordered a special supper,\" said the princess. \"We should drink wine, too. All I have is wine from my old home. I wish I had the best local wine to offer.\"\n\n\"There are wonderful local wines in my storeroom,\" said the magician. \"I'll get them.\" He raced off, just as the princess had hoped.\n\nShe took out two goblets and in one she put the powder that Aladdin had bought at the apothecary. When the magician returned, the princess brought over the two goblets she had set aside and handed the magician the empty one, keeping the one with the powder for herself. She poured wine in both of them and went to put hers to her lips. She stopped midway, as though thoughtful. \"In China when people are lovers, they exchange goblets. Why don't you drink from mine and I, from yours?\"\n\n_Princess Badr al-Budur pretended to be ready to marry the magician. They drank from each other's goblets, as lovers do. And the magician died of the poison hidden there._\n\nThe magician slapped a palm over his heart. \"I never dreamed we could find such happiness.\"\n\nThey drank, and the magician fell dead from the poison powder.\n\nAladdin came up the stairs and found the magic lamp inside the magician's shirt. He rubbed it and ordered the jinni to transport the palace back to China. An instant later they were there. Only moments after that the sultan came running in, astonished and relieved. Aladdin had the magician's corpse thrown in a dunghill for wild animals to rip apart. The whole town celebrated the return of Aladdin and Princess Badr al-Budur in a 10-day-long festival. So the magic ring on Aladdin's finger had saved him a second time.\n\n**Healing Power**\n\nCredit 38.2\n\n_A medieval healer formulates and mixes potions and ointments._\n\n**The womanFatima in this tale is known as very pious, and it is this characteristic that makes her a healer. From ancient times up through medieval times\u2014and in some places into modern times\u2014we find the belief that healers' abilities come from devotion to the divine or even collaboration with the divine. This belief is not limited to any one society or type of society, but appears throughout the world.**\n\nSoon after that, the magician's younger brother, who had been traveling, returned home for their annual reunion. When the magician didn't show up, his brother suspected trouble. He also was skilled in geomancy. He took out his box, leveled the sand, and made his throw. The figures in the sand were clear: the magician had died, poisoned by a man who now lived in China married to a sultan's daughter. He set out immediately for vengeance, across deserts, rivers, plains, mountains. When he arrived in Aladdin's town, he walked about trying to figure out a plan for killing him.\n\nHe learned of a woman named Fatima who was so pious, she could heal others. They said she went out only on certain days, but if he waited, he'd be sure to see her. He didn't wait. He went to her home that night and put a dagger to her throat. \"Wake up, old woman. Don't scream.\" Fatima's eyes flew open. \"You must do me a favor and I will not harm you. Exchange clothes with me. Then paint my face so I look like you.\" Fatima did as the magician's brother ordered. She even put on him the long string of beads she always wore. The magician strangled her and threw her body down a cistern.\n\nIn the morning, he went out dressed as Fatima, with a veil over his head. People were surprised to see Fatima out on a day when she usually stayed at home. They clamored after her, begging her to make this one's wound close up, that one's fever cool down, another one's cough disappear.\n\nThe princess was in her room at the top of the house. She heard the street noise and asked her servants to bring up the holy lady. When the fake Fatima came up, Princess Badr al-Budur found her fascinating. She begged Fatima to live with her. She offered her a fine meal, the type royal servants enjoyed.\n\nBut the fake Fatima was afraid that if she lifted her veil to eat, the princess would realize she was a man in disguise. So she asked only for bread and dried fruit to eat in the room that the princess said was now hers. Then the fake Fatima looked around the top room and said, \"This is a wonderful room, but it's lacking something.\"\n\nPrincess Badr al-Budur was taken aback that this humble, holy woman would criticize the magnificent room. Still, she asked, \"What could be lacking?\"\n\n\"Do you know the Rukh bird? You need to find one and suspend its egg from the center of the ceiling.\" The fake Fatima then retired to her room.\n\nAladdin came home early from his hunting trip and found the princess looking at the ceiling and musing, \"Wouldn't a Rukh's egg be a perfect addition to this room? It could hang right here. See?\"\n\nAladdin had never even heard of a Rukh bird. But he wanted to satisfy the princess's whim. He went down the stairs, rubbed his magic lamp, and told the jinni to hang a Rukh's egg from the center of the ceiling.\n\n\"What!\" The jinni's face crunched with rage. \"How dare you think of hanging my master from the center of the ceiling. I should destroy you for this. But I know it was the brother of the magician who suggested this to your wife. He came to the palace dressed as the holy woman Fatima, who he killed. So it's not your fault. I will let you live. But be on guard. That man is determined to kill you. And he is still within your home.\"\n\nAladdin climbed the stairs again, pressing one hand against his forehead and moaning loudly. \"Ah, my dearest princess, what a headache I have.\"\n\nThe princess hugged him. \"Lucky for you, the holy woman Fatima has taken a room with us. She can cure your headache.\" The princess sent a servant to fetch Fatima.\n\nThe fake Fatima rushed into the room ready to kill his brother's murderer with a dagger.\n\nAladdin was quick. He stabbed the fake Fatima before she could stab him. When the princess shrieked in horror, Aladdin explained all.\n\nA few years later, the sultan died. The princess, as heir, transferred all power to her husband, Aladdin. They had many children and reigned happily.\n\n_Scheherazade was out of breath. She'd spun the tale out too long. \"I loved that story,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Aladdin almostdied three times,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Jinn rescued him.\" \"Usually four is special,\" said Scheherazade. \"But in this story it's three.\" \"Just as three may be special for us. Look\u2014two sons lie in this bed.\" Shah Rayar put a hand on Scheherazade's belly. \"And maybe a third is coming?\"_\n\n_It was possible. Scheherazade had been feeling queasy lately. Still, she was surprised Shah Rayar had noticed. Sometimes he acted like a normal husband\u2014one who plans a life together with his wife. How far from normal all this was._\n\n_Shah Rayar put a hand on his wife's middle so tenderly. He seemed to sense that a third baby grew there. Scheherazade hugged her twosons and wondered about her enigmatic husband._\n\n_Maaruf's wife was so awful to him that a jinni who lived in a ruined wall had pity on him and granted him a wish. Naturally, Maaruf's wish was to escape from his wife._\n\nNIGHT 992\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER\n\n_Scheherazade's palm cupped her newborn's bottom. What a hot bundle of love was a child. She blew cool air on his cheek. Thisson was an enthusiastic nurser, snuffle snuffle snuffle. Fortunately, the noise didn't bother his older brothers, the bigger of whom nestled in his aunt's arms and the other of whom lay sprawled across his father's chest.\"Sister?\" said Dinarzad. Shah Rayar rested his hand a moment on his feeding infant's forehead, then caressed Scheherazade's cheek.\"Of course,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n  ow you'll remember that unfortunate Maaruf the Cobbler. He lived in Cairo with a wife who yearned for kun\u0101fah, that best of all pastries, drenched in honey. When he couldn't afford to buy it for her, she slapped him about. He got so afraid of her that he wept outside the pastry shop. The shopkeeper had pity on him and made him a kun\u0101fah. As luck would have it, the baker was out of honey. So he drowned the pastry in treacle\u2014a simple sugar syrup. He was such a generous soul that he also gave Maaruf cheese and bread, and told him to repay him later.\n\nThe wife, Dung Fatima, got furious. According to her, treacle was garbage compared to honey. She shouted until the neighbors came and told her, \"That is good pastry. Eat it and hush.\" Instead, Dung Fatima cursed Maaruf. In the morning, Maaruf went to the mosque for prayer, then opened his shop. Two officials showed up to bring him before a judge, because his wife had lodged a complaint. He went with them and found his wife with a bandaged arm and a blood-stained veil. She claimed he had broken her arm and knocked out her tooth.\n\n**ArabCuisine**\n\nCredit 39.1\n\n_Kun\u0101fah is a sweet dessert made of thin pastry and honey._\n\n**The traditional pastry in this story dates back to Syria and Muslim Spain in the 13th century. Over the next 400 to 500 years the Ottoman Empire spread from Turkey northwest into Europe along the Mediterranean Sea as far as Slovenia, and southwest across the lands of northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea all the way into Morocco. It also spread east to the Caspian Sea. This empire accounts for certain similarities in cuisine among disparate cultures, although local variations on common dishes abound.**\n\nStunned, Maaruf explained what had really happened. The judge, who was a good man and wanted to reconcile them, gave Maaruf money to buy kun\u0101fah made with honey. The officers then demanded Maaruf pay for their services. Alas, he had to sell his tools to pay them, and, of course, he couldn't work without his tools. The next thing he knew, his wife had lodged another complaint against him. And on it went, getting worse, until the wife lodged a complaint in the High Court. This was serious! The bailiff was coming for him. Maaruf fled, not even paying attention to where he was going.\n\nA storm came up and soaked the cobbler. He went into a deserted building, leaned against a ruined wall, and wept. All at once a tall, grotesque, ghostlike figure stood before him. \"I am the jinni of the wall. You seem a pathetic thing, so I will grant you a wish.\" Maaruf asked to be taken far away, where his wife's complaints could do him no harm.\n\nJust like that, he found himself on a mountaintop. He went down into the city below. People laughed at his strange clothes and asked where he came from. Maaruf said, \"I left Cairo only a little while ago.\" They scoffed and called him a liar, for Cairo was a year's journey away.\n\nA merchant came up and told the small crowd that had gathered to stop making fun of the stranger and disperse. Then he took Maaruf home, gave him clothes, and fed him. The merchant asked where he had really come from. When Maaruf said Cairo again, it turned out that this merchant was also from Cairo. He asked if Maaruf knew a certain apothecary. Well he did, for this was Maaruf's neighbor. The merchant asked what had become of the apothecary's children. Maaruf gave an account of two of the sons, but one, a certain Ali who had been his childhood friend, had run away after his father had punished him for a boyish prank they had pulled together. The merchant hugged Maaruf, for he was none other than the long-lost Ali.\n\n_Scheherazade went silent. She had thought she'd never be grateful for the dawn again, but her energy was low these days. Being the mother of three boys\u2014a toddler, a crawler, and a newborn\u2014wastaking its toll. Falling silent felt very good. Dinarzad didn't say a word. \"Ali being there is a remarkable coincidence,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_\"That's what a man needs when his wife is awful\u2014 happy coincidence.\" He reached an arm around his wife and cuddled her close as they fell back asleep._   \nNIGHT 993\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_No one was sleeping well tonight. The heat made them restless. So why wait for Dinarzad's call?Scheherazade arranged her sons on her stomach like puppies in a pile and began._\n\n  aaruf the Cobbler from Cairo was now in a new land, grateful to have met his childhood friend Ali by chance. He told what had happened to bring him here.\n\nAli then told Maaruf his own tale. When he came here, to Ikhtiyan al-Khutan, he was hardly more than a boy with nothing in his purse. He told people he was a merchant, whose goods were following. He asked them to clear a place where he could store them and to lend him money until they arrived. The people were of a generous, trusting mind-set, and they did that. Ali bought goods with the money and sold them at the market. Before long he had earned enough to pay back his debtors and still had some left to become a real merchant. Now he was a well-respected merchant with many friends. \"Swagger is the trick. If you tell people the truth about yourself\u2014that you ran away from a mean wife\u2014you'll be a laughingstock. But since they don't know you, you can tell them whatever you like. With a confident air. I'll back you up on anything you say.\"\n\nThis seemed sensible to Maaruf.\n\nThe next day Ali gave Maaruf a thousand dinars, a mule to ride, and a servant to precede him. Then Maaruf rode the mule slowly to the merchants' market. Ali had already arrived there. As Maaruf approached, Ali jumped up from his circle of friends and said, \"Blessed day! Here is my friend Maaruf, the fabulously successful merchant.\"\n\nHe went on and on about how generous and rich Maaruf was.\n\n_Ali advised Maaruf to pretend to be rich so that people would respect him and do business with him. So Maaruf borrowed money from the rich and gave it all away to the poor._\n\nThen he asked Maaruf if he had yellow broadcloth, a fabric much prized in the city. Maaruf answered as they had rehearsed: \"I have lengths and lengths of it.\" And did he have cloth the red color of gazelle blood? \"Lengths and lengths\" said Maaruf. He had thousands of fabrics, all following with his servants.\n\nAs they sat there, a beggar came by. Maaruf gave him a handful of gold. Another came, and yet another. Each went away with a handful of gold, until the entire thousand dinars was gone. Then Maaruf lamented that he'd brought only that small amount of money with him. What would he do now if another beggar came along? He couldn't bear to turn anyone away empty-handed. One of Ali's friends lent Maaruf another thousand dinars. Maaruf gave this money away, too. Beggars and merchants alike were astonished at his generosity. One after another, the merchants lent Maaruf a thousand dinars, and he gave it all away. By the time of afternoon prayer, Maaruf had borrowed 5,000 dinars and given it all away.\n\nThe next day was a repeat. And the next. By the end of 20 days, Maaruf had borrowed 60,000 dinars, and given every coin to beggars. His goods\u2014which, of course, didn't exist\u2014hadn't appeared yet. Ali warned Maaruf that he was playing his role too well. How on earth could he pay back such a huge sum and why did he have to keep giving it all away?\n\nBut Maaruf told him, \"Don't worry. When my goods arrive, I'll pay back everyone double what they gave me.\"\n\n\"Are you crazy?\" said Ali. \"You have no goods.\"\n\n\"Of course I do,\" said Maaruf.\n\nBy now Ali was worried that the merchants who had lent Maaruf money would be angry at him for introducing Maaruf to them. So he told the merchants they mustn't blame him if things went wrong because he had never advised them to lend Maaruf money.\n\n_Morning came, thank heavens. Scheherazade stopped, exhausted again. \"Swagger might be a good trick,\" said Shah Rayar, \"but I agree with Ali._\n\n_This Maaruf has gone too far. He's made a mess of things.\" \"Really?\" said Scheherazade. \"What has he done but take money from rich merchants and distribute it to the poor?\" Shah Rayar pursed his lips._\n\n_The king suspected Maaruf was a trickster. So he tested him by asking him to judge the value of a gem. Maaruf crushed the gem and called it worthless._\n\nNIGHT 994\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_Had Maaruf gone too far? And had Scheherazade, therefore, gone too far? Her sister stayed silent\u2014 that wasn't a good sign. The girl must agree with Scheherazade's husband. Ah, well, what could she do? She was mired in the story now. She had to trust that somehow she'd manage to turn events in a way that pleased the king. So the next night she picked up where she'd left off._\n\n  hen Maaruf's goods didn't come, the merchants he owed money to feared he was a cheat. They asked the king to rescue them. The king listened to the description of Maaruf's behavior. This didn't seem like a bad man; he seemed like a man of immeasurable wealth. His vizier didn't agree; Maaruf was a fraudster for sure.\n\nThe king decided to test Maaruf. He summoned him to the palace and put a gem in his hand. He told Maaruf to identify it and say its worth. A rich man could do that, a poor couldn't. Maaruf squeezed the gem and it shattered. \"This was no gem,\" said Maaruf, \"but a mineral, worth only a thousand dinars.\" The king blinked. How could anyone think a thousand dinars was a small sum?\n\n\"A real jewel,\" said Maaruf, \"is worth 70,000. When my baggage comes, I will give you real jewels as gifts.\"\n\nThe delighted king was convinced. Soon he told his vizier to offer the princess's hand in marriage to this Maaruf. The vizier objected still. But the king accused him of envy, because the vizier had offered to marry the princess himself and she had refused him. So the vizier had no choice but to ask Maaruf if he would marry the princess. Maaruf agreed; as soon as his goods arrived they would marry. Then he could shower the princess with riches, as befit her, and he could give money to the poor, as befit the husband of the princess.\n\nThe king would have no delay, though. After all, his treasury was full. Maaruf could use the king's money until his goods arrived.\n\nThe wedding celebrations went on for 40 days. Maaruf scattered gold on everyone he saw, winning the love of the populace. He gave robes of honor to the officers of state and distributed gifts, winning the love of the rich. Most important, he won the love of the princess. Everything was going perfectly.\n\nTime passed and Maaruf's goods never appeared. Meanwhile, Maaruf gave money away lavishly until the king's treasury was nearly depleted. The vizier told the king Maaruf would bring ruin upon them all. So the king called his daughter in for questioning. After all, if anyone knew the truth about Maaruf, it would be her. The princess knew only that Maaruf made promises of wealth to come. So the king asked her to get him to talk with her frankly. The princess agreed.\n\nThat night the princess called Maaruf the heat of love's passion. She hugged him tight. And she begged him to tell her the truth of his situation.\n\nHe did. Every detail. He confessed he had no idea how to extricate himself from all his lies.\n\nThe princess told him that her father suspected him and would certainly have him put to death. Yet she loved Maaruf as she had never guessed a woman could love a man. She gave him a horse and 50,000 dinars of her own money to escape. He promised the princess that he would send a message once he was living someplace safe. She promised that when her father died, she would send for him and he could be king.\n\n_Scheherazade held up her hand to the stream of light from the window. Already she could see the sun would scorch that day. \"Stay inside with us today, Husband.\"_\n\n_\"Business calls me,\" he said quietly, his voice raspy. \"You sound sad.\"_\n\n_\"Maaruf, scoundrel that he is, holds the adoration of the princess. To her he is the heat of love's passion.\" Shah Rayar lowered his chin so that his eyes looked up searchingly into his wife's. \"What am I to you?\" \"The beat of my heart.\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar smiled. \"Good.\"_\n\nNIGHT 995\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_\"I'm glad Maaruf wasn't really crazy,\" said Dinarzad. \"I worried he really thought his goods were coming. After all, borrowing so much and giving it all away with no thought to his day of reckoning made him seem addled.\"_\n\n_\"I agree,\" said the king._\n\n_\"But riding away won't solve things,\" said Dinarzad. \"What about the merchants he borrowed from?\"_\n\n_\"And the king's depleted treasury?\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_\"What impatient people I live with,\" said Scheherazade. \"Listen.\"_\n\n  aaruf the Cobbler rode away on the princess's horse dressed as a king's servant. In the morning, the princess went to her father with a letter she said had been delivered to her by Maaruf's servants, but which, of course, she had written herself, for she was educated. The letter declared that it came from the 500 servants in Maaruf's retinue. They had been attacked by Bedouin, who stole 200 loads of fabrics and killed 50 of them.\n\nThe princess said Maaruf was baffled: How could his servants have been so foolish as to fight over a mere 200 loads of fabric? They should have given the goods to the Bedouin. Oh, this princess was as fine a liar as Maaruf himself! She said she watched from the window as Maaruf rushed off to his remaining men and she saw those messenger servants. Their robes glowed like moonlight, more splendidly than anything the king had.\n\nThe king believed his daughter. What a mistaken wretch that vizier was. Yes, yes, all should be patient until Maaruf returned.\n\nMeanwhile, Maaruf rode fast, tears forming a streak behind him, for he was miserable. Yes, he wanted to live, but how bitter it was to leave this dear wife, his sweet delight. He rode through the night and didn't stop till noon, when he saw a peasant plowing with two oxen. The peasant took one look at Maaruf's grief-stricken face and told him to rest while he ran to the village for food. Then they would share a restoring meal.\n\n_By chance, Maaruf found a cavern of riches. Inside was a gold box with a gold ring. When Maaruf rubbed the ring to polish it, a jinni appeared, ready to do as he commanded._\n\nMaaruf sat a moment to rest, when he realized the peasant was giving up his work in order to help a stranger. So he took up the plow and continued working the field. After only moments, the oxen stopped and wouldn't budge. Maaruf checked the plow. Why, it was caught on a gold ring. He cleared away dirt and saw the ring was set in a marble slab. He shoved until that slab moved enough for him to see steps behind it, going down. He descended into an enormous underground hall with four side chambers: one filled with gold; one with emeralds, corals, and pearls; one with turquoises, sapphires, and hyacinth jewels; one with diamonds. In the main hall was a crystal chest full of gems he didn't recognize, and on top was a gold box that fit in his palm. He opened it. A gold ring sat there, inscribed with a graceful script. He rubbed it to see better.\n\n\"Master, what is your wish?\" came a voice.\n\n\"Who are you?\" asked Maaruf.\n\n\"I'm the servant of the ring. I will do whatever you ask, no matter how difficult, for I am lord of the jinn and I command thousands upon thousands of jinn.\"\n\n_Sun warmedScheherazade. She put a finger in a curl of her middle son's hair._\n\n_\"I thought this cobbler a fool,\" saidShah Rayar haltingly. \"Yet now fate seems about to reward him. Perhaps he has some substance to him. After all, he understood something as though he was wise.\"_\n\n_\"And what was that, dear husband?\"_\n\n_\"He knew his wife was his sweet delight.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade's breath caught._\n\n_\"You are my sweet delight,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_Could it be? The dawn before, when Scheherazade said Shah Rayar was the beat of her heart, she meant it literally, for he determined if she lived or died. But maybe she meant it in other ways, too. For his words now melted her. She pressed her nose to his cheek and breathed in the musty, nutty, woody scent that emanated from this man, and she realized that scent cradled her soul._\n\n_The jinni had 700 of his sons turn into mules. Then another 100 sons piled the treasures into chests and loaded the chests onto the backs of those mules._\n\nNIGHT 996\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_\"I'm waiting, dear wife.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade's cheeks went hot._\n\n_This was the only time in all the 996 nights so far that Shah Rayar had been the first to request that the story continue. She must not disappoint him._\n\n  aaruf stared at this jinni. \"Please tell me more about yourself. Your name, at the least. And what this place is.\"\n\n\"I am Abu'l-Sa'adat. My master was Shaddad ibn 'Ad. He kept his treasures here while he lived. The ring you hold was his. Your wish is my command.\"\n\nSo this wealth really belonged to no one. Maaruf could hardly breathe. \"Can you carry all these treasures out to the earth above?\"\n\n\"Naturally.\" The jinni disappeared and in his place were two boys. They carried the riches in baskets to the surface, swiftly and thoroughly. Within the hour, the hall and chambers stood bare as bones.\n\nThe jinni reappeared. \"What next?\"\n\n\"But who were those amazing boys?\"\n\n\"My sons. I thought the task too simple to call up my host of jinn.\"\n\nMaaruf danced in place. \"Can you have the treasures loaded into chests on the backs of mules?\"\n\n\"Naturally.\" The jinni cried out, and 800 of his sons appeared. \"Seven hundred of you must become mules. The rest must dress as servants and load the treasures into these chests\"\u2014chests appeared as he spoke\u2014\"and put them on the mules.\" The jinni then summoned other powerful jinn and had them turn into fine horses with gold bejeweled saddles.\n\n\"I need bales of fabric, too,\" said Maaruf.\n\n\"From Rum, India, Persia, Syria, or Egypt?\" asked the jinni.\n\n\"One hundred bales from each, every bale on a mule.\"\n\n\"All will be ready by dawn,\" said the jinni. Then he made a tent appear with a food-laden table.\n\nThe peasant who had gone off to the village to fetch food now returned with a humble bowl of lentils for the stranger and a bag of barley for his horse. He stood stunned at the sight of the tent and all the mules with treasure chests on their backs.\n\n**Nomads vs. City Dwellers**\n\nCredit 43.1\n\n_A Bedouin leads camels across the desert._\n\n**In the fourth through sixth centuries, the caravan trade was secured by the Bedouin, a nomadic people who didn't belong to any settled community. They saw city life as a threat and fought to return many areas to pastureland. This tension between the Bedouin and city people only increased as Islam spread across the Arab world, since the Bedouin did not want to give up their beliefs in multiple gods and their tribal ways and customs. Today Bedouin people maintain much of their poetry, music, dance, and food culture, but few are still nomadic.**\n\n\"Welcome back,\" said Maaruf. \"Let me eat the lentils you have so kindly provided, while you eat the food on this table.\" That's what they did. When Maaruf emptied the lentil bowl, he filled it with gold. \"This is meager thanks for your hospitality. Please visit me in the palace whenever you come to the city, and I will host you.\"\n\nDancing girls appeared and entertained Maaruf until he slept. In the morning, hundreds of mules carrying hundreds of bales of cloth arrived at his tent, preceded by a palanquin held by four men. It was full of luxurious robes. This way Maaruf could arrive back at the palace with a procession more extravagant than any before.\n\nMaaruf gave the jinni a letter and asked him to race ahead in the form of a courier and bring it to the king. Off went the jinni.\n\nMoments later the jinni burst into the king's throne room. The king was just telling his vizier how worried he was that Maaruf might have been killed by the Bedouin and the vizier was, of course, responding that Maaruf was a complete fraudster. They jumped back in surprise at this messenger. \"Your Majesty,\" said the jinni. \"Here is a letter from your son-in-law, who will arrive soon with his baggage retinue.\"\n\n\"Didn't I tell you?\" said the king to the vizier. \"You're the scoundrel, not Maaruf.\" He had the town decorated for Maaruf's arrival.\n\n_Scheherazade eased down into the pillows._\n\n_\"Dawn comes too soon,\" said Dinarzad. \"What will Maaruf's wife think now?\"_\n\n_\"And what will become of that vizier? He's done his best.And, in truth, he was right. No one can predict when the Almighty will help right a situation.\"_\n\n_\"Must we wait for the coming night to learn more?\" asked Dinarzad._\n\n_But Scheherazade kept her eyes closed._\n\nNIGHT 997\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_Scheherazade gently bounced her middleson on her knees. He had a tummy ache, and the pressure and motion gave the little one comfort. She knew her voice would soothe him, too, so she didn't wait to be invited to speak._\n\n  he king rushed to tell his daughter the good news of her husband's return. The princess didn't know what to think. She waited, with equal amounts of joy and anxiety.\n\nAli, Maaruf's childhood friend, also had mixed feelings. He prayed that Maaruf should not be shamed at whatever was to happen next.\n\nThe merchants, however, were thoroughly delighted, for they would be repaid at last.\n\nFar away, Maaruf climbed into the palanquin and headed for the palace. Halfway there, the king and his retinue met him. At the sight of all Maaruf's horses, mules, servants, and goods, rapture filled the king, for riches impressed him to no end. Together they formed a giant procession back to town.\n\nThe merchants cheered. Ali caught Maaruf's ear for a moment and congratulated him on pulling off this enormous hoax, for his generosity showed he deserved to succeed.\n\nMaaruf entered the palace and immediately he had his goods brought to him, bale by bale, chest by chest. He gave treasures away to all the palace servants. He repaid the merchants twice what they had lent him. He gave money to the poor and precious stones to the soldiers. He filled the royal treasury to overflowing.\n\nThe king said, \"Be careful to save some for yourself, Maaruf.\"\n\nBut Maaruf paid no heed. After all, the jinni Abu'l-Sa'adat could always fetch him more of anything he might ever want.\n\n_Maaruf had the jinni bring beautiful robes and jewelry for his dear wife. She had been loyal in her love to him, and this was the best way he could think of to show her his gratitude._\n\nNot a soul in the kingdom remained unastonished at his generosity.\n\nFinally, Maaruf went to see his wife in her private chamber. She kissed him and laughed, but her eyes were steady. \"You are wealthy, my husband, beyond anyone's imagination. Yet you told me it was all a hoax. You said you were penniless and without any idea of what to do next. Were you toying with me? Or were you testing my love?\" Her eyes brimmed with tears, for either answer would hurt her.\n\n\"Never would I toy with you.\" Maaruf closed her hands in his. He had done neither of the things she asked, but right now was not the moment to explain that. \"You proved yourself sincere. You love me genuinely, regardless of worldly goods. Integrity shines through you. No one ever has been or ever will be as dear to me as you are.\"\n\nThe next chance Maaruf had to be alone, he rubbed the ring and the jinni appeared. He asked for robes for his beloved wife with jewelry to adorn her from hair to toes and a necklace set with 40 gems. The jinni brought them and thus Maaruf carried them to his wife. Oh, how the princess loved them, especially the golden anklets. But she declared them too fine for daily use; she'd save them for festivals. Of course, Maaruf wouldn't hear of that. He said he'd get her even better wear for festivals. When the princess's maidservants saw the princess decked out, they gasped. So Maaruf had the jinni bring robes and jewelry for all of them, as well.\n\nWhen the vizier saw servants dressed better than most royalty anywhere in the world, he went to the king. \"You must listen. This kind of wealth has roots in magic. How can it be otherwise? Please please listen to me. We must invite Maaruf to drink wine with us, and when we have him thoroughly inebriated, we can get him to tell us the truth.\"\n\nThe king's mouth twisted in doubt.\n\n\"Please, Your Majesty,\" said the vizier. Right now everyone loves him. If he decides he wants to overthrow you, I fear even the army would do his bidding. You can't afford to ignore me.\"\n\n_The first day's drop of sweat glistened on Shah Rayar's eager face. Scheherazade went silent._\n\n_\"So the vizier will win, after all,\" said the king._\n\n_Scheherazade laughed. \"Guess all you want, but for the story you'll have to wait till the coming night.\"_\n\n_The clever vizier got Maaruf to drink wine. Soon Maaruf was so inebriated, he held up the magic ring and told the king and his vizier all about the ring jinni._\n\nNIGHT 998\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_\"You realize we are waiting,Scheherazade,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_\"That's the point. Waiting a little helps you to enjoy the tales more. After all, anticipation enhances feelings.\"_\n\n_\"You're a genius.\"_\n\n_Scheherazade smiled. If he didn't believe that and he was just flattering her, that was sweet, really. And if he did believe it, who was she to disabuse him? She began the tale without further ado._\n\n  he king and his vizier discussed a plan to entrap Maaruf the following day. But the next morning the king's servants came racing to him, lamenting. All of Maaruf's mules and horses and all of his servants had disappeared. Clearly the servants had stolen the animals!\n\nNone of them guessed, of course, that the horses were jinn and the mules and servants were the jinni's sons\u2014all in disguise.\n\nThe king felt wretched. How could such a thing happen without anyone noticing? Surely that many beasts and people had to make noise that woke someone. He looked on with trepidation as Maaruf appeared and asked the royal servants why they looked so glum. When Maaruf learned of the disappearance of the animals and servants, he wasn't fazed. Those jinn and Abu'l-Sa'adat's sons had to go back where they came from, of course. He went about his day, happy as ever.\n\nNo reaction could have disturbed the king more. Surely the vizier was right; this man had to be a magician. So he invited the vizier and Maaruf to go into the garden with him. The king's garden was a paradise of streams that ran among fruit trees where birds sang. The vizier entertained them with stories and jokes, at which he was quite skilled. Maaruf enjoyed himself immensely. Then a servant brought them food and wine. The king drank first. The vizier then filled a glass for Maaruf. But Maaruf, who had been but a humble cobbler before, didn't know what wine was nor how silly it could make one. The vizier recited poem after poem about the virtues of wine, how it can turn grief to joy, how it can make our bodies seem to take flight, how it is liquid gold in restoring the emotions, how even a rock becomes happy when a drop of wine falls on it, how...But it wasn't necessary to keep going, because Maaruf was begging for the wine by now. No sooner did he finish off a glass than the vizier filled it again. Before long, Maaruf was reeling, witless. That's when the vizier cozied up to him. \"Tell me the truth, Maaruf. You aren't a rich merchant at all, are you? You're really a king.\" Oh, this vizier was very clever.\n\n\"King? Me? Ha!\" And Maaruf told all, right down to the jinni of the ring.\n\n\"Let me see that ring,\" said the vizier.\n\nMaaruf took off the ring and handed it to the vizier, who promptly rubbed it. When the jinni appeared, the vizier pointed at Maaruf and told the jinni to take him away to a desert, with no food or drink, so he could die in painful misery.\n\n**Wine as Intoxication**\n\nCredit 45.1\n\n_A portrait of the poet Rumi_\n\n**Many Muslim poets have written poems in praise of wine. This may seem surprising, since Islam prohibitsalcohol. However, many of these poets may be using wine as a symbol for other things, such as the way we can feel profoundly changed by new experiences, particularly religious experiences. The poems of the medieval Persian poets Hafiz and Rumi are fine examples of this.**\n\nThe jinni Abu'l-Sa'adat flew away with Maaruf.\n\n\"What will you do to me, jinni?\" asked the crying Maaruf.\n\n\"Exactly what my new master ordered. And you deserve it. What kind of idiot turns over a powerful ring for another to inspect? Idiot idiot idiot.\" The jinni dropped Maaruf in the driest, most isolated desert.\n\n_Scheherazade smelled the damp must that dirt gives off as the morning sun hits it. Her oldestson groaned and opened his eyes. She kissed his forehead._\n\n_\"The vizier is right; that Maaruf is an idiot,\" said Shah Rayar. \"But he's a generous, kind idiot,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"Agreed. Still, it's right that the vizier has won._\n\n_He's seen the truth all along.\"_   \nNIGHT 999\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_\"What happens next, Sister?\"_\n\n_Scheherazade put her newborn over her shoulder and burped him. She waited for Shah Rayar to ask, as well. He didn't._\n\n_He clearly thought the story was all laid out now, with no surprises ahead. Well, she'd show him. And, actually, she'd better show him fast. Could a man call a woman his sweet delight and then still kill her? She began._\n\n  ee?\" said the vizier to the king. \"I told you he was a fraudster. I told you magic was afoot. I warned you from the start.\"\n\n\"You did, indeed,\" said the king. \"You are the best vizier ever. Now pass me that ring so I can have a close look at it.\"\n\n\"Are you a moron?\" The vizier spat in the king's face. \"I have it now. I have all the power. There's no reason I should pass it to you ever. In fact, there's no reason to let you live.\" He rubbed the ring and the jinni Abu'l-Sa'adat appeared. \"Take this ignoramus of a king and drop him in the same desert where you dropped Maaruf. They can die together, cursing one another.\"\n\nThe jinni obeyed, and the king and Maaruf were soon crying side by side, their stomachs growling with hunger, their throats dry as sand.\n\nThe vizier now convened the troops and the royal servants. He told them about the ring and how he had disposed of Maaruf and their king. He said they must accept him as ruler or he'd call the jinni to dispose of them, too. Each one said they accepted him as ruler. After all, the alternative was sure death.\n\nThe vizier had the jinni give the troops robes of honor, for their allegiance to him. It cost him nothing, so why not? Then he had a messenger tell the princess he was coming to claim her tonight as his own wife. The princess cried. She searched for a reason to stall this hideous action. She had known the vizier was not a good man\u2014she had sensed this all along. That's why she had refused his offer of marriage in the first place. She sent back the message that the vizier must wait till the end of her mourning period for her husband, as the law decreed. The vizier laughed. No law bound him any longer, for he had the jinni. The princess listened to the messenger and a pounding started in her head. She sent a message back that welcomed the vizier. The wicked man was overjoyed. A willing wife was better than an unwilling one.\n\n_The princess was brave and brilliant. She pretended to accept the vizier as her husband, but asked him to take off his frightening ring. When he did, she kicked him and took the magic ring._\n\nBut did the princess mean that welcome? Of course not. You know she loved Maaruf truly. That love now hammered so loudly in her head that she had to try a trick\u2014a very dangerous trick. She willed herself to be brave.\n\nThe vizier came to her that evening. She wore her best robes and flirted with the vizier outrageously. She turned to him coyly and smiled enticingly and her voice was low and caressing.\n\nThe vizier responded both because he loved the princess and because he loved himself so much he couldn't imagine that she wasn't sincere, despite the fact that he had as good as killed both her husband and her father. This vizier might have been clever in some ways, but in others he had a clod of dirt for a brain. He approached the princess for a kiss.\n\nShe cried. She said there was a man in the ring watching them and the sight of him frightened her. The vizier quickly took off his ring and stuffed it under a pillow. Immediately, the princess kicked the vizier and he fell backward, unconscious. She snatched the ring from under that pillow.\n\n_The light of day yellowed the walls. Scheherazade hushed. \"Wicked, stupid vizier,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"In some ways, yes, indeed,\" said Shah Rayar. \"Everything is complicated. I wonder now what the princess will do.\"_\n\n_\"Save her husband and father, of course,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"That's what you would do._\n\n_That's what I would do. But we will see what the princess does.\"_\n\n_The princess faced the phenomenally ugly and scary jinni. She gathered her courage and politely asked him to bring her husband and father back from the desert._\n\nNIGHT 1,000\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_\"The princess,\" said Dinarzad. \"She has the ring now. What will she do?\" \"Is everyone listening?\" asked Scheherazade.\"Yes,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_\"Yes,\" said their oldestson. Her middle son squirmed beside her and her newborn tightened his finger around her thumb. Scheherazade laughed. She knew they couldn't be listening\u2014or at least not listening with understanding. But she was still grateful; this felt like a real family event._\n\n  he princess called out to her servants. Forty maid-servants came running. She had them seize the vizier. Then she looked at the ring in her hand and trembled. The vizier had told the soldiers and his servants about the jinni in the ring, and the word had traveled throughout the palace. So she knew there was great power in her hands. But what did it all really mean? She took a deep breath and rubbed the ring.\n\nThe jinni Abu'l-Sa'adat appeared and asked what her wish was. He was ghastly. Everyone knew jinn could be taller than trees and more hideous than the ugliest sea creatures, but this apparition made her heart nearly burst. She forced herself to speak. \"Put the vizier in prison and shackle him tight.\" In an instant, jinni and vizier were gone. An instant later the jinni reappeared and asked her next wish. \"Where are my husband and father?\" The jinni told about the remote desert. \"Bring them back. Please.\" The jinni looked surprised at the word _please._ He disappeared noisily\u2014was that laughter she heard?\n\nMoments later the king and Maaruf were back in the palace. The princess hugged them both. Then they ate their fill and slept long and well, for in their time in the desert they had been too distraught to sleep. The next day the princess told the king to kill the vizier, for he had revealed himself to believe in no law, to be a man of pure wickedness. Maaruf should become vizier in his stead. The king agreed and asked for the ring. The princess had spent the night thinking this through, however. While she loved both husband and father, neither seemed likely to be able to guard the ring properly. \"I'll keep it. Should you need anything from it, just ask me and I will ask the jinni.\"\n\nThen the king and Maaruf presented themselves to the whole royal staff. Everyone was overjoyed to have them back again, for all of them had spent the night fretting, thinking that the vizier had taken the princess as his wife before the legal mourning period was finished.\n\nFor the next five years, the entire kingdom was happy, none happier than the princess and Maaruf, for they were now parents of a strong son. Then the old king died and the princess made Maaruf his successor. But soon after, when their son was only five, the princess died of an illness. The ring now belonged to Maaruf once again.\n\nYears later, Maaruf was lying in bed one night when he realized there was a frightful old woman lying beside him. He asked who she was, of course. She answered that she was Dung Fatima. He lit a candle. Now, of course, he could see her teeth, her eyes\u2014yes, this was his first wife. \"What are you doing here?\"\n\nAnd so Dung Fatima told her tale of woe. A demon had made her so wretchedly mean to Maaruf, those many years ago. After he disappeared, she realized that and repented. She was so poor then, she had to beg for food. She wandered as a beggar for years, growing ever more miserable. Until the day before, when she sat weeping and a stranger asked her the source of her grief. She told him all and he said he knew this Maaruf. Suddenly, he scooped her up and flew with her here. \"Keep me with you, Maaruf. For I am truly repentant. I will be your true wife.\"\n\n_Scheherazade yawned with her first breath of morning._\n\n_\"I don'ttrust her,\" said Dinarzad._\n\n_\"But will Maaruf?\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_Trust. Had Shah Rayar learned to trust? Had Scheherazade?_\n\n_Scheherazade nestled down among the children and slept._\n\nNIGHT 1,001\n\nTHE TALE OF MAARUF THE COBBLER CONTINUES\n\n_\"Listen, sweet ones,\" said Scheherazade._\n\n_\"We couldn't do otherwise,\" said Shah Rayar. \"You hold us rapt.\"_\n\n_That was exactly what Scheherazade wanted to hear._\n\n_She began the tale._\n\n  ing Maaruf had pity on Dung Fatima. He held no love for her anymore\u2014all his love was for his late princess, the mother of his son. But the generosity that had led him to give so many riches to the poor and needy stirred in him constantly. Dung Fatima could never be a real wife to Maaruf, nevertheless, he treated her like a queen, with remarkable clothing and jewels.\n\nDung Fatima, however, was not satisfied with this. She may have repented her past haglike ways, but she was made of the same stuff she'd always been made of. She was greedy and envious. She hated Maaruf's son for no fault of his own, and the boy, who quickly understood everything, returned the feeling. And she resented every moment that Maaruf spent with the various ladies of the court. Her face bore a deeply grooved scowl.\n\nOne day, no more or less full of discontent than other days, it came into Dung Fatima's head to steal the ring. Then she could do whatever she wanted. She could kill Maaruf and make someone else love her. She was a fool, of course. Jinn can bring fortune and jinn can destroy. But jinn cannot make someone love you. Love comes of its own, or it is earned. But it cannot be ordered or bought. Fools can't learn these things, though.\n\nWhile Maaruf slept, Dung Fatima crept into his bedchamber to steal the ring that she knew he put under his pillow.\n\nBut a boy saw her enter the room. He was none other than the prince, the sweet, round-faced son of Maaruf and the princess. Distrust bit at his cheeks, for he was his mother's son and wisdom beyond his years coated his every move. He grabbed his steel sword\u2014at the sight of which his father always laughed, since he was still so young\u2014and stood at the threshold of the chamber.\n\nHe witnessed Dung Fatima reach under the pillow and draw out a ring and he understood, poor boy, he understood her wickedness.\n\nShe came out of the room and was about to rub the ring, when the boy swung his sword, and she fell dead.\n\nAt this commotion, Maaruf sprang from the bed. He praised his son and had Dung Fatima's body properly prepared for burial. Then he sent for that peasant, the one who had run off to the village to bring back lentils for Maaruf and barley for his horse, and made him his vizier. And both lived well, until Maaruf died of old age, praise be to the Almighty, in whose hands we all roll.\n\n_Scheherazade rose from the bed on unsteady feet._\n\n_The princess had faced the jinni\u2014how could Scheherazade feel so wobbly at simply facing her husband? She stood taller, then knelt tiny and kissed the ground atShah Rayar's feet. \"Husband, I have entertained you well for 1,001 nights. Now I have a favor to ask of you.\"_\n\n_\"Anything,\" said Shah Rayar._\n\n_\"These boys, your sons, no one else could raise them as lovingly as I. Please...\"_\n\n_Shah Rayar put a finger on Scheherazade's lips to hush her. \"Wife, you have not just entertained me for these many nights, you have educated me, in mind and spirit._\n\n_You have nourished my soul. Thank you._\n\n_I cherish you, love of my life._\n\n_Shall we face the future together, now and forever?\"_\n\nYou don't need to hear Scheherazade's answer, for you know it. The palace, the town, the whole countryside sang their joy. Shah Rayar showered gifts on everyone. After all, Maaruf was a fool, but only in some ways. Shah Rayar praised the Almighty for the blessings of the 1,001 nights already behind and the wealth of love and trust now and to come.\n\n**TheNecessity of Hospitality**\n\nCredit 48.1\n\n_A man in a tea shop pours a fresh cup of tea for a traveler._\n\n**The peasant who fed Maaruf lentils is rewarded by being appointed vizier. This may seem like an extreme gift for such a simple act, but hospitality toward a stranger in need is a teaching of Islam. It is also an important part ofJudaism and Christianity, which, like Islam, have their roots in desert lands of the Middle East. In this area, refusal of hospitality could mean death to a traveler. Celtic and Indian cultures, among others, also have a strong tradition of hospitality.**\n\n_In 1,001 nights, Scheherazade had used the power of storytelling to transform her world from a terror into a home of gratitude and mercy. Love found purchase slowly but oh so surely._\n\n# POSTSCRIPT\n\n  he oldest extant version of the Arabian Nights tales is a Syrian manuscript in Arabic from the 14th century. But some of the stories might be much older than that. Two 10th-century Arab scholars, Al-Mas'\u016bd\u012b and Ibn al-Nad\u012bm, mention in their writings a collection of stories translated from an older Persian text. And a 12th-century document in the Cairo Synagogue mentions such a collection as well. The Syrian manuscript is known for being written in colloquial language, without the eloquence or complexity of classical Arabic texts. For this reason, scholars believe it might be based on very old folklore, maybe mixed with stories originally in another language (perhaps from Persia, perhaps from India).\n\nIn the early 1700s the French scholar Antoine Galland translated the Syrian manuscript into a series of 12 volumes in French. It gained popularity immediately, and several other translations appeared in Europe. In 1984 the Iraqi-American scholar Muhsin Mahdi published the first critical edition of the text in Arabic. And in 1990 the Iraqi scholar Husain Haddawy translated Mahdi's work into English. While there are now several English renditions of at least some of the tales, I worked here mostly with those by Husain Haddawy and by the British scholar Malcolm C. Lyons. Some editors make distinctions between types of magic creatures (a jinni versus an ifr\u012bt); I have chosen to follow Haddawy in not making such a distinction. My work was checked against sources in English, French, and Arabic by my consultant and guide, Professor Selma Zecevic of York University. General information is given in the table on this page.\n\nSome of the tales modern readers associate with the Arabian Nights were not in the original Syrian text, but were instead added by later writers and translators who wanted to embellish on the traditional tales. I have chosen to mark two such stories as \"extra,\" where these extra tales are told\u2014on the anniversaries of Scheherazade's marriage to Shah Rayar. However, I include one such \"orphan tale\" among the regular tales, beginning on night 667, \"The Tale of Prince Hussain and the Magic Carpet.\"\n\nThe tales in the Arabian Nights are sometimes inconsistent, sometimes mysterious without any obvious coherence, often bawdy, often brutal. They range from the fantastic to the horrific to the erotic, from satire to thriller. Like many other traditional tales in many other countries and cultures, these stories were not originally tailored specifically to the interests and understanding of children. My goal, however, is to offer stories for the enjoyment of both the child and adult reader. The selection and rendering of tales here reflects that goal.\n\nNevertheless, I hope to have presented stories that represent the complexities of the overall structure of the tales, that show the wide range of genres found in the original, and that reflect what I see as pervasive values in the tales. I also strove to preserve the sensory and highly textured appeal of the original.\n\n# LITERARY LICENSE\n\n  ince I tell only a selection of the many stories, I have chosen to organize them in a way that best suits the flow and to adjust their length for matters of pacing. For example, the tale of the ebony horse runs from night 357 through night 370 in the original, but I begin it on night 366 and end on night 370. Likewise, the story of Maaruf the Cobbler begins two days earlier in the original than here in this rendering. I have shortened some of the original tales and lingered over others, and when sources offered variants on a tale, I chose the particulars I found most dramatically coherent to the overall text here. While many details of time and place are included, my attention is on revealing the inherent wisdom of these tales, as well as their complex literary structure, so I chose not to include distinctions that didn't contribute toward these goals. Never, however, did I sacrifice a detail that was important in holding together the logic or emotion of a story. Also, in older texts, not until the final night of the tales does Scheherazade reveal to the king that he has three sons by her. This lack of realism weakened the overall structure of the story as I wanted to tell it; I opted instead for integration of the children in a way that would enhance the relationship between wife and husband. The final license I took involves a name. In the traditional literature, the main character's name is Shahrazad. I use the name Scheherazade, instead, because it is so well known in the United States and because I wanted to keep her name as distinct as possible from Shah Rayar's name.\n\n# MAP OF THE MIDDLE EAST\n\n  hese stories are rich with names. Some refer to places known today, such as the cities Samarqand, Baghdad, and Basra, and the river Tigris. Some refer to historical figures, such as Caliph Harun al-Rashid, who ruled in the late A.D. 700s and early A.D. 800s. So we get a clear idea of where and when a story unfolded.\n\nOther stories mention places vaguely. A city in \"far China,\" for example, might be anywhere in that vast area. Such vagueness is not surprising; knowledge of world geography was limited and changing. Still, the fact that many tales mention the roles of sheikh, caliph, and vizier tells us those took place in Muslim areas after A.D. 600.\n\nSome tales mention fictional cities and islands. Though imaginary, they were often steeped in glories of past times, including Arab, Buddhist, and Zoroastrian traditions. Additionally, translators added stories that they may have envisioned in places more familiar to them. For example, in the early 1700s Antoine Galland produced a French version with a map that includes Europe. The map of Husain Haddawy (from 1950), instead, does not include Europe but does include a greater area of China\u2014as does the map here.\n\n# SOURCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY\n\n**List of sources consulted by author and guide:**\n\nGalland, Antoine (trans.). _Les milles et une nuits (Version Int\u00e9grale: 9 tomes)._ Editions la Biblioth\u00e8que Digitale, 2012. (abbr. as GLN in table)\n\nHaddawy, Husain (trans.) and Muhsin Mahdi (ed.). _The Arabian Nights, Part I_. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. (abbr. as HH I in table)\n\nHaddawy, Husain (trans.) and Muhsin Mahdi (ed.). _Sindbad: And Other Stories From the Arabian Nights_. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008. (abbr. as HH II in table)\n\nLyons, Malcolm C. (trans.), Ursula Lyons (trans.), and Robert Irwin (intro.). _The Arabian Nights: Tales of 1,001 Nights, Vols. I\u2013III_. New York and London: Penguin Classics, 2010. (abbr. as LYN in table)\n\nMarzolph, Ulrich, and Richard van Leewen. _The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia_. Vols. 1\u20132. ABC-CL10, 2004.\n\n**List of sources in Arabic consulted by guide:**\n\nBulaq, Matba\u2032at Bulaq (ed.). _Alf laylah wa-laylah_ , Vols. I\u2013II. Cairo, Egypt: Egyptian Government, 1835. (Includes the material from the Syrian manuscript plus additional tales) (abbr. as BLQ in table)\n\nMacnaghten, W. H. S. (ed.). _Alf laylah wa-laylah_ , Vols. I\u2013IV. Calcutta: Thacker, 1835\u20131842. (The most extensive manuscript, including the tales from the Syrian manuscript plus additional tales) (abbr. as CLC II in table)\n\nMuhsin Mahdi (ed.). _Kit\u0101b alf laylah wa-laylah: min us.\u016blihi al-'Arab\u012byah al-\u016bl\u0101_ , Vols. I\u2013III. Leiden, The Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1984. (Critical edition of the 14th-century Syrian manuscript) (abbr. as MM in table)\n\n**Bibliography for the sidebars:**\n\n_Sidebar for The Tale of Shah Rayar and Shah Zaman_ :\n\nSchimmel, Annemarie. _The Mystery of Numbers._ Oxford: Oxford University Press (1993): 93\u201396.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 2_ :\n\nPeters, F. E. _The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places._ Princeton: Princeton University Press (1994): 29\u201332.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 4_ :\n\nKing, David A. \"Ibn Y\u016bnus' Very Useful Tables for Reckoning Time by the Sun.\" _Archive for History of Exact Sciences_ , Vol. 10, no. 3 (1973): 342\u2013394.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 6_ :\n\nRichter-Bernburg, Lutz. \"Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Razi's (Rhazes) Medical Works.\" _Medicina nei secoli_ , Vol. 6, no. 2 (1993): 377\u2013392.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 20_ :\n\nAhmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri. _Futuh al-Buldan._ Cairo: Dar al-Nashr li-l-Jami'in (1993): 353.\n\nEl-Hibri, Tayeb. _Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Harun Al-Rashid and the Narrative of the Abbasid Caliphate._ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 23_ :\n\nRashad, Hoda, Magued Osman, and Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi. _Marriage in the Arab World._ Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2005.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 52_ :\n\nBejti\u0107, Alija. \"The Idea of Beautiful in the Sources of Islam.\" _Prilozi za Orijentalnu Filologiju_ , Vol. 50 (2000): 113\u2013136.\n\nBrewer, Derek S. \"The Ideal of Feminine Beauty in Medieval Literature, Especially 'Harley Lyrics,' Chaucer, and Some Elizabethans.\" _The Modern Language Review_ (1955): 257\u2013269.\n\nThornhill, Randy, and Steven W. Gangestad. \"Human facial beauty.\" _Human Nature_ , Vol. 4, no. 3 (1993): 237\u2013269.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 53_ :\n\nAl-Issa, Ihsan (ed.). _Al-Jun\u016bn: Mental Illness in the Islamic World._ International Universities Press, Inc., 2000.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 56_ :\n\nBosworth, C. E. \"A pioneer Arabic Encyclopedia of the Sciences: al-Khw\u0101rizm\u012b's Keys of the Sciences,\" _Isis_ , Vol. 4, no. 1 (1963): 97\u2013111.\n\n_Sidebar 1 for Night 365_ :\n\nK\u00f6ksel, Hamit, and Buket Cetiner. \"Future of Grain Science Series: Grain Science and Industry in Turkey: Past, Present, and Future.\" _Cereal Foods World_ , Vol. 60, no. 2 (2015): 90\u201396.\n\n_Sidebar 2 for Night 365_ :\n\nCarroll, Cain, and Revital Carroll. _Mudras of India: A Comprehensive Guide to the Hand Gestures of Yoga and Indian Dance._ Singing Dragon, 2012.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 367_ :\n\nChauvin, Victor. \"Pacolet et les Mille et une Nuits.\" _Wallonia_ , Vol. 6 (1898): 5\u201319.\n\nMarzolph, Ulrich, and Richard van Leeuwen. \"The Ebony Horse\" in _The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia_ , Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO (2004): 174.\n\nOsborn, Marijane. \"The Squire's 'Steed of Brass' as Astrolabe: Some Implications for The Canterbury Tales,\" _Hermeneutics and Medieval Culture_ , Patrick J. Gallacher and Helen Damico (eds.) Albany: State University of New York Press (1989), 121\u2013124.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 368_ :\n\nAnsari, Nazia. _The Islamic Garden._ Department of Landscape Architecture; CEPT University, 2011. Available at: academia.\u200bedu\/\u200b1861364\/\u200bOrigin_\u200bof_\u200bIslamic_\u200bGardens\n\n_Sidebar for Night 370_ :\n\nSherman, Josepha. _Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore_ (Google ebook), 5. (for discussion of the etymology of \"abracadabra\")\n\nUchino, Bert N., John T. Cacioppo, and Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser. \"The Relationship Between Social Support and Physiological Processes: A Review With Emphasis on Underlying Mechanisms and Implications for Health.\" _Psychological Bulletin_ , Vol. 119, no. 3 (1996): 488\u2013531.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 538_ :\n\nThesiger, Wilfred. _The Marsh Arabs._ New York: Penguin, 2007.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 540_ :\n\nScott, Derek A. \"A Review of the Status of the Breeding Waterbirds in Iran in the 1970s.\" _Podoces_ , Vol. 2, no. 1 (2007): 1\u201321.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 541_ :\n\nSimpson, George Gaylord. _Horses: The Story of the Horse Family in the Modern World and Through Sixty Million Years of History._ New York: Anchor Books, 1951.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 543_ :\n\nKemp, Christopher. _Floating Gold: A Natural (and Unnatural) History of Ambergris._ University of Chicago Press, 2012.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 544_ :\n\nKeijl, Guido O., and Tom M. van der Have. \"Observations on Marine Mammals in Southern Iran, January 2000.\" _Zoology in the Middle East_ , Vol. 26, no. 1 (2002): 37\u201340.\n\nNixon, Roy W. \"The Date Palm\u2014'Tree of Life' in the Subtropical Deserts.\" _Economic Botany_ , Vol. 5, no. 3 (1951): 274\u2013301.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 667_ :\n\nCarmean, Kelli. _Spider Woman Walks This Land: Traditional Cultural Properties and the Navajo Nation._ Rowman Altamira, 2002.\n\nJacobsen, Charles. _Oriental Rugs: A Complete Guide._ Tuttle Publishing, 2013.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 668_ :\n\nCutter, Irving S., and Henry R. Viets. \"A Short History of Midwifery.\" _The American Journal of the Medical Sciences_ , Vol. 250, no. 2 (1965): 236.\n\nMerli, Claudia. \"Muslim Midwives Between Traditions and Modernities. Being and Becoming a Bidan Kampung in Satun Province, Southern Thailand.\" _Moussons. Recherche en sciences humaines sur l'Asie du Sud-Est 15_ (2010): 121\u2013135.\n\n_Sidebar 1 for Night 730_ :\n\nShirazi, Faegheh. _The Veil Unveiled: The Hijab in Modern Culture._ Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.\n\nVon Grunebaum, Gustave E. _Medieval Islam: A Study in Cultural Orientation._ University of Chicago Press, 2010.\n\n_Sidebar 2 for Night 730_ :\n\nAmundsen, Darrel W. _Medicine, Society, and Faith in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds._ Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.\n\nWinkelman, Michael James. \"Shamans and Other 'Magico-Religious' Healers: A Cross-Cultural Study of Their Origins, Nature, and Social Transformations.\" _Ethos_ , Vol. 18, no. 3 (1990): 308\u2013352.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 992_ :\n\nBaram, Uzi, and Lynda Carroll (eds.). _A Historical Archaeology of the Ottoman Empire: Breaking New Ground._ Springer, 2000.\n\nSalloum, Habeeb, Leila Salloum Elias, and Muna Salloum. _Scheherazade's Feasts: Foods of the Medieval Arab World._ Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.\n\nSato, Tsugitaka. _Sugar in the Social Life of Medieval Islam._ Leiden: Brill, 2015.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 996_ :\n\nLapidus, Ira M. _A History of Islamic Societies._ Cambridge University Press, 2002.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 998_ :\n\nBanani, Amin, Richard Hovannisian, and Georges Sabagh (eds.). _Poetry and Mysticism in Islam: The Heritage of Rumi_ , Vol. 11. Cambridge University Press, 1994.\n\nMeisami, Julie Scott. \"Allegorical Gardens in the Persian Poetic Tradition: Nezami, Rumi, Hafez.\" _International Journal of Middle East Studies_ , Vol. 17, no. 2 (1985): 229\u2013260.\n\nSaeidi, Ali, and Tim Unwin. \"Persian Wine Tradition and Symbolism: Evidence From the Medieval Poetry of Hafiz.\" _Journal of Wine Research_ , Vol. 15, no. 2 (2004): 97\u2013114.\n\n_Sidebar for Night 1,001_ :\n\nKoenig, John. _New Testament Hospitality._ Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.\n\nMiller, William T. _Mysterious Encounters at Mamre and Jabbok._ Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1984.\n\nWalzer, Michael. _Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality._ New York: Basic Books, 1983.\n\n# ORIGINS OF THE TALES AND SOURCES USED IN THE COMPARATIVE TEXTUAL ANALYSIS\n\n# INDEX\n\nIllustrations are indicated by **boldface.** If Illustrations are included within a page span, the entire span is **boldface.**\n\n**A**\n\nAbbas ibn Firnas 24.1, **24.2**\n\nAbbasid period 11.1, **11.2**\n\nAbdullah (servant) 22.1, 22.2, 22.3\n\nAbu'l-Sa'adat (jinni) 43.1, 43.2, 45.1, 45.2, 46.1, 47.1\n\nAhmed, Prince **36.1**\n\nAl-Ghayur, King (China) 16.1, 20.1, 21.1\n\nAladdin, tale of **38.1**\n\nAlcohol 44.1, **45.1** , 45.2\n\nAlex (parrot)\n\nAli (Maaruf the Cobbler's friend) 39.1, **40.1** , 40.2, 43.1\n\nAli, Prince 36.1, **36.2, 37.1**\n\nAli Baba and the forty thieves **22.1**\n\nAmbergris\n\nAnimal language\n\ntalking birds **9.1**\n\nunderstood by humans\n\nAnimal sacrifices\n\nApes 31.1, 33.1\n\nApples\n\nartificial apple that heals **36.1**\n\ntale of three apples **11.1**\n\nArab cuisine 39.1, **39.2**\n\nArithmetic 21.1, **21.2**\n\nAtika\n\n**B**\n\nBaba Mustafa\n\nBadr al-Budur, Princess **38.1,** **38.2**\n\nBadr al-Din Hasan **13.1,** **15.1**\n\nBarmaki, Ja'far al- **11.1** , 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2\n\nBasra, vizier of **12.1** , 12.2, 13.1\n\nBaths, public 14.1, **14.2**\n\nBeauty and piety\n\nBedouin 41.1, 43.1\n\nBirds\n\nfloating nests 31.1, **31.2**\n\nRukh bird **30.1** , 30.2, 30.3, **33.1** , 33.2, 38.1\n\ntalking **9.1**\n\nBudur, Princess **16.1** , **20.1** , 20.2, 21.1, **21.2**\n\nBulls 4.1, **4.2**\n\n**C**\n\nCairo\n\nMaaruf the Cobbler **39.1**\n\nvizier\n\nCaliphs, definition of\n\nCamels **11.1** , 15.1, 43.1, **43.2**\n\nCarpets\n\ncultural aspects 36.1, **36.2**\n\nmagic carpets **36.1**\n\nChristianity, hospitality\n\nCoincidence 12.1, 15.1, 39.1\n\nConfidence and swagger 32.1, 39.1, 40.1\n\nCows 4.1, **4.2**\n\nCuisine 39.1, **39.2**\n\n**D**\n\nDahnash (jinni) 16.1, 18.1, 19.1\n\nDancing hands 22.1, **22.2**\n\nDate palm trees 35.1, **35.2**\n\nDiamond hunters\n\nDinarzad\n\nDogs\n\nand merchant and rooster **2.1** , 2.2\n\nof second sheikh 3.1, **5.1** , 5.2\n\nDonkeys\n\nAli Baba's 22.1, **22.2** , 22.3\n\ncaught by fisherman 6.1, **6.2**\n\nand ox and merchant 2.1, **2.2** , 2.3\n\nQasim's\n\nthird sheikh's 3.1, 6.1\n\nDuban (sage) 7.1, **8.1** , 8.2, 9.1, **10.1**\n\nDugongs\n\nDung Fatima 39.1, 47.1\n\n**E**\n\nEbony horse, tale of **23.1**\n\nEnvy\n\nDung Fatima\n\nfirst sheikh's first wife 4.1, **4.2**\n\njealous husband and parrot **9.1**\n\nQasim\n\nof royalty\n\nsecond sheikh\n\nEvil of men, Shah Rayar's interest in 31.1, 32.1, 32.2, 33.1\n\n**F**\n\nFatima (pious woman)\n\nFirst sheikh (gazelle owner) 3.1, 4.1, **4.2**\n\nFishermen\n\nand Harun al-Rashid\n\nand jinni **6.1** , 9.1, 9.2\n\nFlight\n\nebony horse **23.1**\n\nmagic carpet **36.1**\n\nFood 39.1, **39.2**\n\nForty thieves\n\nand Ali Baba 22.1, 22.2\n\ncave of treasures **22.1** , 22.2, 22.3\n\nkilling Qasim\n\nFour, as righteous number 1.1, 5.1\n\n**G**\n\nGardens 25.1, **25.2**\n\nGazelles 3.1, 4.1, **4.2**\n\nGenerosity\n\nof Almighty 35.1, 37.1\n\nof baker to Maaruf\n\nof Maaruf the Cobbler 39.1, **40.1** , 40.2, 43.1, 44.1, 45.1, 48.1\n\nof Scheherazade\n\nand success\n\nGeomancy 38.1, 38.2, 38.3\n\nGhayur, al-, King (China) 16.1, 20.1, 21.1\n\nGolden Age\n\nGoodness\n\nand beauty\n\nand healing powers\n\nGreat Feast of the Immolation\n\n**H**\n\nHands, dancing 22.1, **22.2**\n\nHarun al-Rashid, Caliph **11.1** , 11.2, 14.1, 15.1\n\nHorses\n\nebony horse, tale of **23.1**\n\nin history 32.1, **32.2**\n\nof King Mihrajan 28.1, **29.1**\n\nsaddles\n\nHospitality, necessity of 48.1, **48.2**\n\nHussain, Prince, and the magic carpet **36.1**\n\n**I**\n\nIbn Yunus\n\nIkhtiyan al-Khutan\n\nImama\n\nIndia, dancing hands 22.1, **22.2**\n\nInjustice 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 11.1\n\nInsanity\n\nIslamic Golden Age\n\nIslamic principles\n\nanimal sacrifice\n\nhospitality 48.1, **48.2**\n\nmodest dress 38.1, **38.2**\n\nprayer rugs\n\nprayer times 6.1, **6.2**\n\npre-marriage cleansing ritual\n\nIslands, fish as 28.1, **29.1**\n\nIvory telescope 36.1, **36.2, 37.1**\n\n**J**\n\nJa'far al-Barmaki (vizier) **11.1** , 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2\n\nJealousy\n\nDung Fatima\n\nfirst sheikh's first wife 4.1, **4.2**\n\njealous husband and parrot **9.1**\n\nQasim\n\nof royalty\n\nsecond sheikh\n\nJinn\n\nand Aladdin **38.1** , 38.2, **38.3** , 38.4, 38.5\n\nand Badr al-Din Hasan 14.1, 14.2, **15.1** , 15.2\n\nDahnash 16.1, 18.1, 19.1\n\nfear of daytime\n\nand fisherman **6.1** , 9.1, 9.2\n\nand Maaruf the Cobbler **39.1** , 39.2, **42.1** , 44.1, 45.1, 45.2, 46.1, **47.1** , 47.2, 48.1\n\nand the merchant and sheikhs **3.1** , 5.1\n\nQashqash 17.1, **17.2** , 18.1, 19.1\n\nwith wicked wife\n\nJinniya\n\nand Badr al-Din Hasan 14.1, 15.1\n\nMaimuna **16.1** , 16.2, 18.1\n\nas wife of second sheikh\n\nJudaism, hospitality\n\n**K**\n\nKhwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-\n\nKindness, as rule 5.1, 10.1\n\nKun\u0101fah (pastry) 39.1, **39.2**\n\n**L**\n\nLeprosy 7.1, 8.1\n\n**M**\n\nMaaruf the Cobbler **39.1**\n\nMagic carpets **36.1**\n\nMagic lamp 38.1, 38.2, **38.3** , 38.4, 38.5, 38.6, 38.7, 38.8\n\nMagic rings\n\nAladdin's 38.1, **38.2** , 38.3, 38.4\n\nMaaruf the Cobbler's **42.1** , 42.2, 43.1, 44.1, **46.1** , 47.1\n\nMagician, and Aladdin 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, 38.4, **38.5** , 38.6\n\nMaimuna (jinniya) **16.1** , 16.2, 18.1\n\nMap\n\nMarjana (servant) **22.1**\n\nMarsh Arabs 28.1, **28.2**\n\nMarzuwan\n\nMasrur (servant) **11.1** , 11.2\n\nMathematics 21.1, **21.2**\n\nMedicine\n\nartificial apple that heals **36.1**\n\nleprosy 7.1, 8.1\n\nmentally ill\n\nmidwives 37.1, **37.2**\n\nin Muslim world 8.1, **8.2**\n\npious healers\n\nMentally ill\n\nMerchants\n\nand Badr al-Din Hasan\n\nand donkey and ox 2.1, **2.2** , 2.3\n\nand the jinni **3.1** , 5.1\n\nMidwives 37.1, **37.2**\n\nMihrajan, King\n\nMules\n\nAli Baba's 22.1, **22.2** , 22.3\n\ncaught by fisherman 6.1, **6.2**\n\nand ox and merchant 2.1, **2.2** , 2.3\n\nQasim's\n\nthird sheikh's 3.1, 6.1\n\nMurder, justification for 32.1, 32.2, 33.1, 33.2\n\nMuslims\n\nanimal sacrifice\n\nhospitality 48.1, **48.2**\n\nmodest dress 38.1, **38.2**\n\nprayer rugs\n\nprayer times 6.1, **6.2**\n\npre-marriage cleansing ritual\n\nMustafa (tailor)\n\n**N**\n\nNight, fear of\n\nNomads 43.1, **43.2**\n\nNur al-Din Ali 12.1, **12.2** , 12.3, 13.1, **13.2**\n\nNuronnihar, Princess 36.1, 37.1, **37.2**\n\n**O**\n\nOld Man of the Sea\n\nOx 2.1, 2.2\n\n**P**\n\nParrot, and jealous husband **9.1**\n\nPastry 39.1, **39.2**\n\nPeacock **23.1** , 23.2\n\nPiety\n\nand beauty\n\nand healing powers\n\nPoison 10.1, **10.2** , 38.1, 38.2\n\nPolitical leaders 11.1, **11.2**\n\nPolo **8.1** , 8.2\n\nPrayer rugs\n\nPrayer times\n\nPrayers of fisherman\n\nPublic baths 14.1, **14.2**\n\n**Q**\n\nQamar al-Zaman **16.1,** **17.1, 20.1**\n\nQashqash (jinni) 17.1, **17.2** , 18.1, 19.1\n\nQasim **22.1**\n\n**R**\n\nRayhan (servant)\n\nRazi, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya al-29, **7.1**\n\nRedeeming features\n\nRescues\n\nof Aladdin\n\nebony horse story 26.1, 27.1\n\nof men 27.1, 28.1\n\nShah Rayar's enjoyment of\n\nof Sindbad the Sailor 29.1, 30.1, 31.1, 34.1, 35.1\n\nRestraint\n\nRings, magic\n\nAladdin's 38.1, **38.2** , 38.3, 38.4\n\nMaaruf the Cobbler's **42.1** , 2.1\n\nRugs\n\ncultural aspects 36.1, **36.2**\n\nmagic carpets **36.1**\n\nRukh bird **30.1** , 30.2, 30.3, **33.1** , 33.2, 38.1\n\nRum, King of 26.1, **27.1**\n\n**S**\n\nSacrifices, animal\n\nSaddles\n\nSamarqand\n\nSan'a', King of 24.1, **24.2** , 25.1, 27.1\n\nSan'a', Princess of 24.1, **25.1,** **26.1**\n\nScheherazade\n\nanniversary stories 22.1, 38.1\n\nchildbirth 37.1, 37.2, **37.3**\n\ncleverness 6.1, 8.1, 9.1\n\ncontrol of her life\n\nexhaustion from motherhood 39.1, 40.1\n\nfear and love of dawn 4.1, 12.1\n\nfear of Shah Rayar 32.1, 46.1\n\nfirst son 22.1, 22.2, 23.1, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 30.1, 31.1, 33.1, 38.1, **38.2** , 45.1, 47.1\n\ngetting Shah Rayar to laugh\n\ngetting Shah Rayar to trust 13.1, 14.1\n\nlove for Shah Rayar 42.1, 48.1, **48.2**\n\nmarrying Shah Rayar 2.1, 2.2\n\nmother 7.1, 11.1\n\npregnancy 28.1, 30.1, 34.1, 36.1, 37.1, 38.1, **38.2**\n\nsecond son 28.1, 30.1, 37.1, **37.2** , 38.1, **38.2** , 43.1, 47.1\n\nstorytelling style 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1, 16.1, 23.1, 45.1\n\ntenderness toward Shah Rayar 13.1, 16.1\n\nthird son 39.1, 46.1, 47.1\n\ntincture that prevented children 12.1, 16.1\n\ntrust\n\nSeahorses 29.1, **29.2**\n\nSecond sheikh (dog owner) 3.1, **5.1** , 5.2\n\nSerpents 30.1, 31.1, 35.1\n\nShaddad ibn 'Ad\n\nShah Rayar\n\nanniversary stories 22.1, 38.1\n\nappreciating cleverness 34.1, 35.1\n\nappreciating Scheherazade 22.1, 45.1\n\nassisting with childbirth 37.1, **37.2**\n\nfearing Scheherazade\n\nfirst son 22.1, 22.2, 23.1, 26.1, 26.2, 27.1, 30.1, 31.1, 33.1, 38.1, **38.2** , 45.1, 47.1\n\nfirst wife\n\ninterest in evil that men do 31.1, 32.1, 33.1\n\nknowing Scheherazade's stories were a ruse\n\nlack of confidence\n\nlaughter\n\nlove for Scheherazade 41.1, 42.1, 48.1, **48.2**\n\nlove of dawn\n\nmarrying Scheherazade 2.1, 2.2\n\nsecond son 28.1, 30.1, 37.1, **37.2** , 38.1, **38.2** , 43.1, 47.1\n\ntenderness toward Scheherazade 11.1, 16.1, 25.1, 26.1, 38.1, **38.2** , 39.1, 39.2\n\nthird son 39.1, 46.1, 47.1\n\ntrust 13.1, 14.1, 47.1\n\nvow to marry daily and kill wife in morning\n\nwishing to experience all that life offers 36.1, 37.1\n\nShah Riman (king) 16.1, 19.1, **19.2** , 19.3, 21.1\n\nShah Zaman **1.1** , 1.2\n\nShams al-Din Muhammad 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2\n\nSheikhs\n\nfirst sheikh (gazelle owner) 3.1, 4.1, **4.2**\n\nsecond sheikh (dog owner) 3.1, **5.1** , 5.2\n\nthird sheikh (mule owner) 3.1, 5.1, 6.1\n\nSindbad, King\n\nbeing urged by envious man to kill his own son\n\nSindbad the Porter **28.1** , 30.1, 31.1, 32.1, 32.2, 33.1, 34.1, 35.1, 35.2\n\nSindbad the Sailor **28.1**\n\nvoyage 1 28.1, **29.1**\n\nvoyage 2 **30.1** , 30.2\n\nvoyage 3 31.1, **31.2** , 31.3, 35.1\n\nvoyage 4 **32.1** , 32.2, **32.3** , 32.4\n\nvoyage 5 **33.1** , 33.2\n\nvoyage 6 33.1, **34.1** , 34.2\n\nvoyage 7 **35.1** , 35.2, **35.3**\n\nSitt al-Husn 13.1, 14.1, 14.2, **14.3, 15.1**\n\nSperm whales 33.1, **33.2**\n\nStirrups\n\nSultan, and Aladdin 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, **38.4** , 38.5\n\nSultan of the Indies 36.1, 37.1\n\nSwagger and confidence 32.1, 39.1, 40.1\n\n**T**\n\nTelescope, ivory 36.1, **36.2, 37.1**\n\nTerns 31.1, **31.2**\n\nThird sheikh (mule owner) 3.1, 5.1, 6.1\n\nThree, as special number\n\nTrumpet **23.1** , 23.2\n\nTrust 13.1, 14.1, 47.1\n\n**V**\n\nVeils 14.1, 38.1, **38.2** , 38.3\n\nViziers\n\nand Aladdin 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, 38.4, 38.5, **38.6**\n\nof King of Basra **12.1** , 12.2, 13.1\n\nof King of Cairo\n\nof King Yunan 8.1, 9.1\n\nand Maaruf the Cobbler 41.1, 43.1, **44.1** , 46.1, 47.1\n\nof Shah Rayar 1.1, 2.1, 2.2\n\nShah Riman's 16.1, 19.1, 19.2, 21.1\n\n**W**\n\nWhales 33.1, **33.2, 35.1**, 35.2\n\nWheat 22.1, **22.2**\n\nWine 44.1, **45.1** , 45.2\n\nWords, power of\n\n**Y**\n\nYunan, King (Persia) 7.1, **8.1** , 8.2, 9.1, **10.1**\n\n**Z**\n\nZero\n\n# ILLUSTRATIONS CREDITS\n\nAll artwork by Christina Balit unless otherwise noted below.\n\nCover (LO), Nata-Lia\/Shutterstock; 1.1 (LE), Carmen Martinez Banus\/Getty Images; 4.1 (RT), Duby Tal\/Albatross\/Alamy; 6.1 (RT), The Image Bank\/Getty Images; 8.1 (RT), Mary Evans Picture Library\/Alamy; 9.1 (LE), Andreykuzmin\/Dreamstime; 11.1 (LE), Ivy Close Images\/Alamy; 14.1 (LE), Getty Images; 15.1 (LE), Dimitri Vervitsiotis\/Getty Images; 17.1 (LE), Abam Jiwa AL-Hadi\/Getty Images; 18.1 (LE), Granger, NYC\u2014All rights reserved; 21.1 (RT), Stock4B-RF\/Getty Images; 22.1 (CTR RT), Said Khatib\/AFP\/Getty Images; 22.2 (CTR LE), ephotocorp\/Alamy; 24.1 (RT), Moment RM\/Getty Images; 25.1 (LE), Matyas Rehak\/Shutterstock; 27.1 (LE), Rhapsode\/Getty Images; 29.1 (RT), AFP\/Getty Images; 31.1 (RT), Jose B. Ruiz\/NPL\/Minden Pictures; 32.1 (LE), Gallo Images\/Getty Images; 34.1 (RT), Waterframe\/Getty Images; 35.1 (RT), Oleg Zaslavsky\/Shutterstock; 36.1 (LE), Natig Aghayev\/Shutterstock; 37.1 (LE), Jodi Cobb\/National Geographic Creative; 38.1 (RT), Vetta\/Getty Images; 38.2 (RT), Science Source\/Getty Images; 39.1 (LE), Robert Harding World Imagery\/Getty Images; 43.1 (LE), Vetta\/Getty Images; 45.1 (LE), Granger, NYC; 48.1 (LE), Alex Treadway\/NG Creative\n**DONNA JO NAPOLI** is a professor of linguistics at Swarthmore College, the mother of five and grandmother of four, and the author of more than 70 books for children and young adults, including National Geographic's _Treasury of Greek Mythology, Treasury of Egyptian Mythology_ , and _Treasury of Norse Mythology._ While her undergraduate major was mathematics and her graduate work was in linguistics, she has a profound love of mythology, folklore, and fairy tales. Her website is donnajonapoli.\u200bcom.\n\n**CHRISTINA BALIT** is a graduate of the Chelsea School of Art and the Royal College of Art, London. An award-winning dramatist and illustrator, Christina has painted more than 20 children's books, including _Blodin the Beast_ by Michael Morpurgo, _Zoo in the Sky, The Planet Gods, The Lion Illustrated Bible for Children_ , and National Geographic's _Treasury of Greek Mythology, Treasury of Egyptian Mythology_ , and _Treasury of Norse Mythology._ Her authored titles include _Escape From Pompeii, Atlantis: The Legend of the Lost City_ , and _An Arabian Home_. Her plays include _Woman With Upturned Skirt, The Sentence_ , and _Needle_ (winner of the Brave New Role Award).\n\n## Contents\n\n  1. Cover\n  2. Title Page\n  3. Copyright\n  4. Acknowledgments\n  5. Contents\n  6. Introduction\n  7. The Beginning - Shah Rayar & Shah Zaman\n  8. A Father's Pleas - The Donkey, The Ox & The Merchants\n  9. Night 1 - The Merchant & the Jinni\n  10. Night 2 - The First Sheikh\n  11. Night 3 - The Second Sheikh\n  12. Night 4-Night 5 - The Third Sheikh's Story & The Tale of the Fisherman & the Jinni\n  13. Night 6-Night 8 - King Yunan & Sage Duban\n  14. Night 7 - The Husband & The Parrot & The Ogress\n  15. Night 20 - The Three Apples\n  16. Night 21-Night 24 - The Vizier's Two Sons\n  17. Night 51-Night 56 - Qamar Al-Zaman\n  18. Night 365 - Ali Baba & the Forty Thieves\n  19. Night 366-Night 370 - The Ebony Horse\n  20. Night 537 - Sindbad the Sailor\n  21. Night 538 - Sindbad the Sailor, Voyage 1\n  22. Night 539 - Sindbad the Sailor, Voyage 2\n  23. Night 540 - Sindbad the Sailor, Voyage 3\n  24. Night 541 - Sindbad the Sailor, Voyage 4\n  25. Night 542 - Sindbad the Sailor, Voyage 5\n  26. Night 543 - Sindbad the Sailor, Voyage 6\n  27. Night 544 - Sindbad the Sailor, The Final Voyage\n  28. Night 667-Night 668 - Prince Hussain & the Magic Carpet\n  29. Night 730 - Aladdin\n  30. Night 992-Night 1,001 - Maaruf the Cobbler\n  31. Night 1,001 - Maaruf the Cobbler Concludes\n  32. Postscript\n  33. Literary License\n  34. Map of the Middle East\n  35. Sources & Bibliography\n  36. Index\n  37. Illustrations Credits\n  38. About the Authors\n\n  1. \n  2. \n  3. \n  4. \n  5. \n  6. \n  7. \n  8. \n  9. \n  10. \n  11. \n  12. \n  13. \n  14. \n  15. \n  16. \n  17. \n  18. \n  19. \n  20. \n  21. \n  22. \n  23. \n  24. \n  25. \n  26. \n  27. \n  28. \n  29. \n  30. \n  31. \n  32. \n  33. \n  34. \n  35. \n  36. \n  37. \n  38. \n  39. \n  40. \n  41. \n  42. \n  43. \n  44. \n  45. \n  46. \n  47. \n  48. \n  49. \n  50. \n  51. \n  52. \n  53. \n  54. \n  55. \n  56. \n  57. \n  58. \n  59. \n  60. \n  61. \n  62. \n  63. \n  64. \n  65. \n  66. \n  67. \n  68. \n  69. \n  70. \n  71. \n  72. \n  73. \n  74. \n  75. \n  76. \n  77. \n  78. \n  79. \n  80. \n  81. \n  82. \n  83. \n  84. \n  85. \n  86. \n  87. \n  88. \n  89. \n  90. \n  91. \n  92. \n  93. \n  94. \n  95. \n  96. \n  97. \n  98. \n  99. \n  100. \n  101. \n  102. \n  103. \n  104. \n  105. \n  106. \n  107. \n  108. \n  109. \n  110. \n  111. \n  112. \n  113. \n  114. \n  115. \n  116. \n  117. \n  118. \n  119. \n  120. \n  121. \n  122. \n  123. \n  124. \n  125. \n  126. \n  127. \n  128. \n  129. \n  130. \n  131. \n  132. \n  133. \n  134. \n  135. \n  136. \n  137. \n  138. \n  139. \n  140. \n  141. \n  142. \n  143. \n  144. \n  145. \n  146. \n  147. \n  148. \n  149. \n  150. \n  151. \n  152. \n  153. \n  154. \n  155. \n  156. \n  157. \n  158. \n  159. \n  160. \n  161. \n  162. \n  163. \n  164. \n  165. \n  166. \n  167. \n  168. \n  169. \n  170. \n  171. \n  172. \n  173. \n  174. \n  175. \n  176. \n  177. \n  178. \n  179. \n  180. \n  181. \n  182. \n  183. \n  184. \n  185. \n  186. \n  187. \n  188. \n  189. \n  190. \n  191. \n  192. \n  193. \n  194. \n  195. \n  196. \n  197. \n  198. \n  199. \n  200. \n  201. \n  202. \n  203. \n  204. \n  205. \n  206. \n  207. \n  208.\n\n  1. Cover\n  2. Cover\n  3. Title Page\n  4. Table of Contents\n  5. Start\n\n","meta":{"redpajama_set_name":"RedPajamaBook"}}
+{"text":"\n\nDedicated to all the cricketers who made the ultimate sacrifice, represented by \"Wisden's Unknown Soldier\", 2nd Lt Niel Fagan (February 26, 1896 \u2013 July 20, 1916).\n\n_Ours to remember, yours to rest_\n\n#### Contents\n\nIntroduction\n\nWar is Declared\n\nWisden's Roll of Honour\n\nDeaths in 1914\n\nDeaths in 1915\n\nDeaths in 1916\n\nDeaths in 1917\n\nDeaths in 1918\n\nDeaths in 1919\n\nDeaths in 1920\n\nDeaths in 1921\n\nDeaths in 1922\n\nDeaths in 1923\n\nDeath in 1924\n\nDeath in 1925\n\nDeath in 1937\n\nDeath in 1977\n\nDeaths in 1978\n\nMen Who Played First-class Cricket and Who are Commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission\n\nFirst-Class Cricketers Decorated for Gallantry 1914 \u2013 1920\n\nThe Lost Generation\n\n_Acknowledgements_\n\n#### **Introduction**\n\nReaders of the 1917 _Wisden_ were warned by editor Sydney Pardon in his Preface: \"The 54th edition of Wisden's Almanack is of necessity rather a mournful volume. Its chief feature is a record of the cricketers who have fallen in the War \u2013 the Roll of Honour, so far as the national game is concerned.\"\n\nThe previous year, Pardon continued, \"the wisdom of publishing Wisden in War time seemed very doubtful, but the experiment was more than justified, a small edition being sold out in a few days\".\n\nSales of that 1916 book were boosted by the tributes it contained to W. G. Grace, in particular, and to Andrew Stoddart and Victor Trumper, but many bereaved families of members of the less well-known cricketing fraternity who had died as comrades in arms also snapped up copies, to keep as cherished memorials to their loved ones.\n\nEver since, _Wisden_ collectors have been paying the price of the increased demand allied to reduced print runs: original copies covering the years of the Great War attract a substantial premium.\n\nBut what resonance do the obituaries have for today's readers, other than to emphasise the indiscriminate carnage of the conflict? A few brighter lights shine out from the gloom, among them the passing reference to the poet Rupert Brooke, who won his place in _Wisden_ because in 1906 he headed the bowling averages for Rugby School; Percy Jeeves, because the cricket-loving P. G. Wodehouse borrowed his name; and in the front rank of the game, Colin Blythe \u2013 his loss \"the most serious that cricket has sustained during the war\".\n\nThe lesser lights have flickered to and fro and dimmed.\n\nHowever, readers of this book, although they will mourn the loss of the 1,788 men whose obituaries appear in the wartime _Wisdens_ , will discover many good reasons to celebrate their lives, brief and truncated though many of them were. Now those lives are presented in an ordered, accessible and readable way, with much new information and many remarkable stories of courage and coincidence.\n\nFor the first time, the obituaries have been arranged by the year of death. Extraneous material mainly relating to schools matches has been deleted in favour of new information. Amid the carnage and confusion, errors inevitably crept into the original lists: details were wrong, there were cases of mistaken identity, and as we will discover, three men in fact survived their _Wisden_ obituary.\n\nThere is a complete listing of the 289 men who played first-class cricket and fell in the war. Of these, 89 did not get an obituary in _Wisden_ at the time, but their lives, and deaths, are now recorded here. In addition to the obituaries, there is a list of the 407 men who played first-class cricket and who were decorated for gallantry.\n\nThere is also a commentary on how each county was affected by wartime. Although finances were stretched, the county clubs remained in existence thanks both to members who continued to pay subscriptions and, ironically, to the cost savings of not having to stage any cricket.\n\nUltimately, as _Wisden_ intended at the time, \"the chief feature is a record of the cricketers who have fallen in the War \u2013 the Roll of Honour, so far as the national game is concerned\". Our aim is to refresh the memory of the cohorts of cricketing soldiers, sailors and airmen who fought and died for their country, and who are commemorated in _Wisden_.\n\n#### War is Declared\n\nWhen Great Britain declared war on Germany on Tuesday, 4 August 1914, a full programme of eight County Championship matches had finished its second day. At The Oval the previous day, a big Bank Holiday crowd of 15,000 had watched Jack Hobbs score 226 in 260 minutes as Surrey strengthened their position at the top of the table by amassing 472 for five against a perspiring Nottinghamshire attack; the day \"furnished much enjoyment\", noted _Wisden_ in its match report, although rain on the third day was to prevent a conclusion.\n\n_Wisden_ 's report of Kent's game against Sussex began: \"War being declared on the Tuesday, the Canterbury Week was, of course, shorn of most of its social functions.\" And the account of the second match, against Northamptonshire, concluded: \"Owing to the outbreak of the War, the attendance was extremely meagre.\"\n\nThere were immediate changes to the fixture list. The War Office requisitioned The Oval, and Hobbs's benefit match against Kent, starting the next Monday, was transferred to Lord's where, ending inside two days, it \"did not yield anything like the sum which could have been confidently expected in normal circumstances\".\n\nThe response of MCC was this statement issued on August 6: \"The secretary of the Marylebone Cricket Club feels that no good purpose can be served at the present moment by cancelling matches unless the services of those engaged in cricket who have no military training can in any way be utilised in their country's service. If it can be shown in what way their services can be used, the MCC would close their ground. Many out-matches have already been abandoned. Cricketers of England would be sure to respond to any definite call.\"\n\nNorthamptonshire made an early decision to abandon their match against Somerset at Taunton on August 10, although _Wisden_ remarked that the county's \"feelings at the outbreak of War became modified as August advanced\". In Kent, the two matches due to be played in the Dover week from August 17 were transferred to Canterbury, where they received little support.\n\nNonetheless, the first-class cricket season soldiered on. \"Long Leg\" in the _Sporting Life_ of August 10 \u2013 after assuring readers that although there were now horses billeted at The Oval \"they have not placed a single hoof upon the grass\" \u2013 argued: \"There are no doubt some well-meaning people who regard an indulgence in cricket at the present crisis of our history as a sin that approaches sacrilege. I have already heard murmurs of 'flannelled fools at the wickets'. Yet a little thought must show how wise was the statement made by the secretary of the MCC to the effect that until some means was shown by which untrained men could help their country, cricket should be carried on in the common interest.\"\n\nLooking back 17 years later in an article in the 1931 _Wisden_ , the MCC secretary, F. E. Lacey (by then Sir Francis), recalled: \"When the war came in 1914 the committee felt that any tendency towards scare or morbidity should be resisted and an outward show of 'carrying on' was allowed. But the ground and its buildings were, at once, placed at the disposal of the War Office and, the offer having been accepted, were used until the end of the war as accommodation and a training ground for the military.\"\n\nSo, cricket kept calm and carried on \u2013 for a while at least. Questions were increasingly raised about whether sporting events should continue and other leisure outlets such as theatres should remain open. So far as cricket was concerned, the defining view came from the pen of W. G. Grace, whose letter to the editor of _The Sportsman_ was published on Thursday, August 27. He wrote: \"There are many cricketers who are already doing their duty, but there are many more who do not seem to realise that in all probability they will have to serve either at home or abroad before the war is brought to a conclusion. The fighting on the Continent is very severe, and will probably be prolonged. I think the time has arrived when the county cricket season should be closed, for it is not fitting at a time like the present that able-bodied men should play day after day and pleasure-seekers look on. There are so many who are young and able, and yet are hanging back. I should like to see all first-class cricketers of suitable age, etc, set a good example, and come to the help of their country without delay in its hour of need.\"\n\nIf cricket administrators still had any doubts after reading Grace's encyclical, they were dispelled by Field Marshal Lord Roberts two days later, when he told a thousand volunteers of the City of London Regiment: \"I respect and honour you more than I can say. My feeling towards you is one of intense admiration. How very different is your action to that of the men who can still go on with their cricket and football, as if the very existence of the country were not at stake. This is not the time to play games, wholesome as they are in days of piping peace. We are engaged in a life and death struggle, and you are showing your determination to do your duty as soldiers, and, by all means in your power, to bring this war \u2013 a war forced upon us by an ambitious and unscrupulous nation \u2013 to a successful result.\"\n\nAlongside the report of Lord Roberts's comments in _The Times_ of Monday, August 31, was this paragraph: \"The MCC have issued a statement to the effect that as the continuance of first-class cricket is hurtful to the feelings of a section of the public, they have decided to cancel the matches in the Scarborough Festival for which they had undertaken to send teams.\"\n\nThe next day's edition of _The Times_ contained two paragraphs under the dual headlines \"Surrey's last match\" and \"Remaining fixtures abandoned\": \"The match which was begun yesterday between Surrey and Gloucestershire will close the season at The Oval, as Surrey have decided to abandon their remaining fixtures.\" The second paragraph gave details of the centuries scored by Hobbs \u2013 his 11th of the season \u2013 and Donald Knight.\n\nThe 1915 _Wisden_ report of Surrey's season explains: \"On August 31, public feeling against the continuance of first-class cricket during the War having been worked up to rather a high pitch, the Surrey committee at a special meeting decided unanimously to cancel the two remaining fixtures \u2013 with Sussex at Brighton and Leicestershire at The Oval. It was in some ways a pity that this drastic step should have been found necessary, but in acting as they did the Surrey committee took a wise course. Only two days before the decision was arrived at, Lord Roberts, in a recruiting speech, had made a pointed reference to people who went on playing cricket at such a time.\"\n\nThe committee not only had the _Times_ report of Lord Roberts's speech in front of them, but Gloucestershire had arrived to play with only ten men, as A. E. Dipper had already enlisted, which may also have concentrated minds on the reality of the situation. In the event, the visitors capitulated by an innings inside two days. Surrey's decision effectively put an end to the season with that round of Championship matches. Technically, they had forfeited the title, and although some argued that should be the case, the prize was officially confirmed as theirs when Pelham Warner, captain of runners-up Middlesex, raised no objection at a meeting of the MCC committee on November 9.\n\nRecalling the abandonment of the Championship in his Editor's Notes in the 1918 _Wisden_ , Sydney Pardon put an element of spin on events. He wrote: \"At the outbreak of War in August, 1914, they shut down the game without coercion of any kind, a speech from Lord Roberts and a letter from W. G. Grace being sufficient to determine them. I am far from thinking that in the first shock of the catastrophe that had befallen the world, they acted unwisely.\"\n\nSydney Pardon had been editor of _Wisden_ since he took over the chair in 1890 following the death of his brother Charles; he was to see 35 editions to press by the time he died in November 1925.\n\nIn his 1915 Notes, Pardon had mixed his understandable pessimism with some misplaced optimism: \"Writing in the early days of the New Year it is impossible to take other than a gloomy view with regard to the immediate future of cricket. Never before has the game been in such a plight. One may take it for granted that, in any circumstances, county cricket, as we have known it for the last 40 years or more, will be out of the question this season, but in the happy event of the War coming to an end at an earlier date than the experts expect, we are sure to see plenty of games of a less competitive character. Indeed, as all the fixtures were provisionally made last summer, the counties might try something in the nature of a modified programme.\n\n\"However, it is idle to speculate in January as to what will happen in May or June. I hope no attempt will be made to close the game down entirely. All the counties are asking their members to keep on with their subscriptions, and in return, matches of some kind should from time to time be played on the various grounds. Cricketers have made a splendid response to the call to the colours. They cannot all go to the front; some of them have duties that must keep them at home. To my mind, it would be a great misfortune for any county ground to be closed for the whole summer.\n\n\"I had thought of preparing for Wisden a list of the cricketers who have joined the Army, but the number is so great that I could not be at all sure of accuracy. Any accidental omission might have involved protest and correction. After the War, whenever that may be, cricket will, no doubt, go on as before, but it will naturally take some time for the game to recover completely from the blow it has received.\"\n\nUncertainty about what the future held extended to the international scene. \"As to the future interchange of visits between English, Australian and South African teams, everything for the time being is, of course, in abeyance.\" In the event, Test matches were to remain on hold until Australia hosted England at Sydney in December 1920.\n\n**MCC and Lord's**\n\n**1914**\n\nMCC celebrated the centenary of the current Lord's ground with two special matches in June. \"The first match between the team that won the rubber in South Africa and the Rest of England was the best that could have been chosen, but there was nothing specially appropriate in the fixture at the end of the week between the Navy and the Army.\" Given what was to come in August, the services match might have taken on a more special significance.\n\nRoyalty abounded: on the second day of the big match, \"the King honoured the ground with his presence, being accompanied by the Prince of Wales and Prince Albert. The captains of the two Elevens, J. W. H. T. Douglas and C. B. Fry, were presented to him in full view of the crowd.\" That evening, the Centenary Dinner was held at the Hotel Cecil: \"Lord Hawke presided, having on his right hand Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein. Never, perhaps, have so many famous cricketers, young and old, been gathered together.\"\n\nThe Navy defeated the Army by 170 runs in the second game. Remarkably, only one man on each side failed to survive the war. Capt William Mackworth Parker was killed in Flanders on July 30, 1915, aged 28. Sub-Lt Frederick Hugh Geoffrey Trumble, whose only first-class match this was, was killed on board HMS _Warwick_ on May 10, 1918, aged 25; the vessel had taken part in operations the previous month at Zeebrugge and Ostend.\n\nThe inter-services game ended on June 27. The next day was a quiet Sunday in England with no cricket but, in Sarajevo, the Emperor of Austria's nephew, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated.\n\nIn early July, the Varsity Match was a disappointment: \"There was no lack of talent on either side but, except in three or four instances, the cricket scarcely rose above a respectable mediocrity.\"\n\nLater in the same week came the big match: \"Whatever might have been wrong with the University Match the game between Eton and Harrow more than upheld its reputation.\"\n\nMinor MCC matches continued, but the last was at Lord's on August 26 against London Playing Fields; the rest of the fixture list was \"scratched owing to the outbreak of the War\".\n\nThe County Championship would limp on, but as early as August 14 MCC's secretary, F. E. Lacey, had announced there would be no cricket at Lord's in September.\n\nNevertheless, as Lord Hawke told members at the following year's AGM, overall there had been an increase of nearly 70,000 spectators. He recalled: \"We certainly had what may be called a glorious summer, which no doubt enabled our supporters to enjoy the different games in comfort. But I really hope that brighter cricket and some extra keenness amongst the players was largely responsible for our success; and that when we are once more in full swing, players will remember that individual play, selfish motives, slackness in the field, unpunctuality, long tea intervals, will not attract the public, and that without its support the best that is in cricket will disappear.\"\n\n**1915**\n\nThe bowling groundstaff is listed in _Wisden_ , with asterisks denoting those \"serving in His Majesty's Forces or employed in Government work\".\n\nLord Hawke, the president, told members at the AGM on May 5: \"You will note with pleasure how our ground has been used for military purposes, also the subscriptions we have given to the various War funds. They are, I think, generous and worthy of the MCC.\"\n\nAs to members' own subscriptions, the committee had decided to refund those of anyone serving in the forces, if they asked; in this first year, some 346 applied for a return. The death roll of Service members had already reached 69. Lord Hawke added: \"Doubtless the War is hitting many old cricketers who are not able to serve their country in the field, and they may find it difficult to pay their subscriptions. For such we ask you to allow us to deal with each case on its merits.\"\n\nAs to the bigger picture, Lord Hawke went on: \"You are all aware that first-class cricket has been suspended for the coming season owing to the War, and I think it is well within the mark to say that 75% of those playing first-class cricket last season are in one capacity or another serving in the Army or Navy. Every section of athletes, with one notable exception, has done its duty; that is as it should be, for surely in days to come, when we are once more at peace and able to enjoy our games, the crowd will not discuss what such and such a sportsman did on the playing fields before the War, but what he did for his country during the War.\"\n\nLord Hawke continued: \"It goes without saying that there will be no Oxford and Cambridge match. The headmasters of Eton and Harrow, Rugby and Marlborough, have decided that these matches will not be played here, but I am not without hope that they will see the wisdom of playing the matches on one or other of their own grounds. Personally I consider it would be a pity to damp the ardour of boys, even in wartime. They could easily play these games without big luncheon parties, etc.\"\n\nMCC did their bit by foregoing the annual dinner. Matches at Lord's were restricted to 44 MCC games against the public schools.\n\nThe 1915 annual report stated: \"Throughout the year the War Office has continued to avail itself of the offer made by the MCC, and accommodation has been found for units of Territorial Artillery, the ASC (transport), the RAMC, wireless instruction and military cooking classes. No. 2 Grove End Road [a house adjacent to Lord's owned by MCC] has been lent as headquarters to the Old Boys' Volunteer Battalion (London Regiment) which has trained and supplied over 400 commissioned officers for the Army.\n\n\"In the Pavilion the MCC staff and one or two members and their friends have occupied their spare time in making, at the request of the War Office, hay nets for horses. About 18,000 nets have been completed and sent to Woolwich.\n\n\"MCC sides were sent to most of the public schools, but some difficulty was experienced in finding members to play.\n\n\"Cricket materials have been presented to 76 Naval and Military centres in the British Isles, in France and in Holland. Some have also been sent to British prisoners in Germany.\n\n\"At the request of the Canadian Contingent a baseball match was played at Lord's, in September, between Canadians and London Americans for the benefit of a fund raised for the widows and orphans of Canadians who fall in battle.\"\n\n_The Long Room at Lord's was turned over to the production of hay nets for horses_\n\n**1916**\n\nThe RAMC left Lord's, and the War Office used the buildings and practice ground as a training centre for Royal Artillery cadets. The Long Room was still used for making hay nets; about 12,000 were produced this year.\n\nNearly 100 military and school matches were played at Lord's. \"On several occasions wounded soldiers were entertained at tea during some of the more interesting military matches.\"\n\n\"The Committee, feeling that an institution so important as MCC should not hesitate to respond to the appeal of the Government to subscribe to the 5% War Loan, arranged with the London and South Western Bank to take up \u00a350,000 stock on behalf of the Club.\"\n\nAlso on the financial side, it was thought that some 3,000 members were serving \"with the colours\", and if they had all had asked for their subscriptions to be returned, the club would have been forced to pay back \u00a327,000 over the three years. Fortunately, not many had asked for a rebate, and as a result the finances of the club were better than had been anticipated.\n\n**1917**\n\nThe War Office had requested that the production of hay nets should be discontinued, as other arrangements had been made. \"Subsequently this labour was employed in netting-bed stretchers. This, however, was of an intermittent character owing to a difficulty in obtaining string.\"\n\nSome 85 military and school matches were played, \"and pitches were found for practice matches between teams composed of soldiers resting in the YMCA quarters in and near London\".\n\nTwo charity matches were played at Lord's. The first, on July 14 between the English and Australian Army Elevens, raised \u00a3620 for St Dunstan's Hostel for blinded soldiers and sailors; the \u00a3700 proceeds from the second, which pitted the Navy and Army against the Australian and South African Forces, benefited Lady Lansdowne's Officers' Families' Fund. Colin Blythe played in both games: his final wicket in the match on August 18 was that of Charles Macartney, but he suffered the indignity of being hit for the winning six. A month later he was on his way to France; on November 8, he was killed instantly by a shrapnel shell at Passchendaele.\n\nA stoolball match produced a donation for military hospitals.\n\nDuring 1917 it was \"considered prudent\" to sell half the War Loan of \u00a350,000, which realised \u00a323,750, and in 1918 the loan was further reduced by \u00a37,450.\n\nThe maximum membership of MCC had been fixed at 6,000 in 1910, but by 1917 the number had fallen to 4,944, so it was agreed at the AGM that the committee could elect 500 additional members over and above the normal 120 a year.\n\nBy the end of 1917, membership had risen to 5,466.\n\n**1918**\n\nSome 500 more members had been elected by the time of the AGM on May 1, 1918. A resolution was passed at the meeting authorising the committee to elect 200 more candidates, \"and it was further decided that no candidate for membership shall be under 14\".\n\nLord's hosted two of the three one-day matches arranged by Warner between an England XI and a Dominions XI in aid of the Lord Roberts Memorial Workshops and King George's Fund for Sailors. Some 10,000 turned up on Saturday, June 29, and although the cricket proved \"rather disappointing... financially the result more than fulfilled expectation\". _Wisden_ said: \"No doubt want of practice accounted to a large extent for the comparative tameness of the batting,\" but added that \"People were obviously delighted to see so many of their old favourites in flannels again.\"\n\nRain hit the gate for the second match a fortnight later and curtailed play, but the game \"was honoured by the presence of the King\".\n\n**1919**\n\nWith the war over, it was time for MCC to hand out the honours. \"As a mark of appreciation for their services to the country, it is recommended that honorary membership shall be offered to Admiral Viscount Jellicoe, Admiral Sir D. Beatty, Field-Marshal Viscount French and Field-Marshal Sir D. Haig.\"\n\nThe Royal Artillery cadets had moved out, and Lord's sought to get back in shape: \"It may not be possible to restore the ground and buildings to their normal condition this year, but every effort will be made to do so.\"\n\nThe annual report continued: \"Since the beginning of the war a Roll of Honour has been carefully kept. As the Committee are anxious that this shall be an accurate and complete record a list will be hung in the Pavilion and members are asked to give any information they can with this in view.\n\n\"Our collection of pictures which was removed from the Pavilion to Petworth, through the kindness of Lord Leconfield, as a security against hostile aircraft attacks, has now been returned.\"\n\nThe best indication that all was now well came with the return of the annual dinner following the AGM, held for the first time since 1914; the company numbered about 70.\n\nFirst-class cricket got under way again at Lord's on May 16 when Middlesex played Nottinghamshire. Like all County Championship matches this summer, it was a two-day game. The Australian Imperial Forces team played Middlesex in a three-day match starting on May 26, which was immediately followed by the first MCC game, against Yorkshire; in the two matches, Patsy Hendren put the war, and the loss in 1916 of his younger brother John Michael, behind him with scores of 135, 63 not out and 214.\n\nIn the sections on counties that follow, the men listed are those that played first-class cricket for each county, with the date of their death. It should be noted that the 1916 _Wisden_ does not contain any reports relating to 1915.\n\n**Derbyshire**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"A matter for extreme satisfaction was that the year involved no loss. The gates at the home matches were scarcely so large as in the previous season, but they were always fairly good, and the membership increased considerably, with the result that there were no financial embarassments _[sic]_ in working the club. This is the more noteworthy when it is considered that owing to the outbreak of the War the attendances in August naturally showed a considerable falling-off.\"\n\nAt Derby on August 4, the day war was declared, the home side were dismissed for 31 and 94 to lose by an innings inside two days to Essex, for whom Douglas and Tremlin bowled unchanged.\n\nWhen the season ended with victory at Worcester on September 1, Derbyshire's players rallied to the cause: \"Naturally in so sporting a county many of the cricketers enrolled themselves in different capacities for the War. Capt Baggallay of course is with the 11th Hussars, and Chapman is assisting in the Government Remount Department. Curgenven, Hughes-Hallett, G. L. Jackson, Taylor, the secretary, Blacklidge, the coach, and two or three of the professionals are assisting in various units.\"\n\nCapt Geoffrey Laird Jackson joined the Rifle Brigade: he had played four matches for Derbyshire from 1912\u201314, and three times for Oxford University in 1914. He went to France in October and was gassed; in April 1917 he was killed by a shell at Arras.\n\n**1916**\n\n\"During 1916 Mr R. B. Chambers discharged the duties of secretary, Mr W. T. Taylor having joined the Forces and been rather severely wounded. It was estimated that a sum of about \u00a3350 would be required to keep the Club going. Subscriptions came in very well, and the Committee hoped to have a balance in hand at the end of the year. Several matches were played during the summer for the benefit of the Red Cross Society and the St John Ambulance Association.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Mr R. B. Chambers writes that during 1917 members supported the Club very well. There being no matches of importance played on the ground the Committee only asked for half subscriptions. Derbyshire started the financial year with a credit balance of \u00a397, and it was hoped that this sum would be increased. The Club has to deplore the death of Mr G. L. Jackson, who was killed in France on April 9. The pavilion was lent to the Royal Garrison Artillery as a temporary hospital, and during the year the ground was used for military cricket, football, and hockey matches.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"At the Secretaries' meeting at Lord's, Derbyshire qualified for the Championship, by arranging a sufficient number of fixtures.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"No county... got on so well with the two-days scheme as Derbyshire. Of their 14 county matches only two were left drawn \u2013 a striking contrast to the majority of county records. They won three matches... but as a depressing set-off they lost nine times... Apart from county cricket they enjoyed one very gratifying success, gaining a well-deserved, though altogether unexpected, victory over the Australian team.\"\n\nUnheralded, Guy Rolfe Jackson, whose elder brother was killed in 1917, made his debut in the match against Somerset at Bath in July. He was to go on to captain Derbyshire, and was invited to lead MCC to South Africa in 1927\u201328 but had to cry off through ill-health.\n\n* * *\n\nFrank Miller Bingham | May 22, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nCharles Neil Newcombe | December 27, 1915\n\nArthur Marsden | July 31, 1916\n\nGeoffrey Laird Jackson | April 9, 1917\n\nGuy Denis Wilson | November 30, 1917\n\nCharles Barnett Fleming | September 22, 1918\n\n**Essex**\n\n**1914**\n\nWith nine wins and nine defeats, Essex ended in eighth place under J. W. H. T. Douglas. Not everything went right for him: at Leyton in May, he inserted Middlesex on a wet wicket, but the sun did not shine and the pitch remained placid as the visitors declared at 464 for one.\n\nEssex Second Eleven played in the Minor Counties Championship for the first time in 1914. Four members of the side who played in the last game of the season against Surrey at The Oval were killed in the war: P. J. Hilleard, C. V. Thompson, E. R. Pallett and E. C. Coleman; a fifth, Harold Mead, died in 1921, having never recovered from being severely wounded in 1915.\n\nGeoffrey Davies, a Cambridge Blue, played for the county in the second half of the season. In the last home game at Leyton he scored his maiden first-class century, exactly 100 in 81 minutes, and followed up with 118 in the final match at Weston-super-Mare \u2013 _Wisden_ said that he \"hit brilliantly\" \u2013 after taking four Somerset wickets for 18.\n\n**1915**\n\nDavies, a captain in the Essex Regt, fell in action in France on September 26. His obituary stated: \"... There can be but little doubt that, but for the War, he would have developed into an England player.\"\n\n**1916**\n\n\"The Essex authorities did everything in their power to keep cricket alive in 1916. The Essex Club, without any ground bowlers, played about 30 matches, the Artists Rifles played several of their matches at Leyton, and many other military fixtures were arranged. For all military matches the Committee lent the ground, and they gave its free use to the Soldiers and Sailors Families Association, the Schools etc.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Mr Borrodaile [secretary] states that the Committee have done their best to keep the flag flying, but that the Club needs more support in subscriptions and donations. At the annual meeting... it was stated that through the kindness of the president, vice-presidents, and other friends, the deficit on 1916 of \u00a3140 11s 8d would be cleared off, but that there still remained a deficit of \u00a3559 15s 4d previously on the balance sheet.\"\n\n_Wisden_ gives a full list of the 30 matches played by the club.\n\n**1918**\n\n\"As in previous years the County Ground at Leyton was continuously used, the Essex Club and other teams taking part in a long list of fixtures. These games were not in themselves of much importance, but they were invaluable in keeping cricket going during the last year of the war. The urgent need of Essex is a large increase of membership. It will be far from an easy task to make up a team, but no effort will be spared. There are good hopes that Lt-Col J. W. H. T. Douglas will be able to captain the Eleven.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Essex in 1919 found a large public eager to see first-class cricket after a blank of four seasons, but the Leyton ground, as everyone knew would be the case in the event of a fine summer, was not in the least degree suited to two-day matches. In the 1890s, when the wickets had not been brought to such a state of perfection, the experiment might have answered very well, but [in 1919] it was frankly a failure, match after match having to be left unfinished. Of the nine matches at home in the Championship, six were left drawn, heavy scoring being the sole cause in nearly every instance. In these circumstances the season's cricket at Leyton was, of necessity, rather dull and monotonous.\n\n\"The war had left Douglas quite unaltered. Naturally after such a long interval he took some little time to get into form, but before the season had advanced very far he was the same excellent and indefatigable cricketer as ever, standing the long hours of play much better than many younger men.\"\n\n* * *\n\nGeoffrey Boisselier Davies | September 26, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nFrank Street | July 7, 1916\n\nHenry David Keigwin | September 20, 1916\n\nEdward Charles Coleman | April 2, 1917\n\nRalf Hubert Robinson | August 23, 1917\n\nJames Valiant | October 28, 1917\n\n**Gloucestershire**\n\n**1914**\n\nGloucestershire went to The Oval on August 31 with only ten players, Alf Dipper having already enlisted, and were defeated by Surrey by an innings. However, Cyril Sewell gave \"a superb display of hitting\" in scoring 165 out of 230 in two hours. The review of Gloucestershire's season described Sewell's innings as \"an astonishing effort\" and mused: \"Jessop at his best could hardly have scored at a greater pace.\"\n\nIt was a rare highlight in \"a doleful and disastrous season\". With a single win and 17 defeats out of 22 Championship matches, the county took the wooden spoon. The one victory was a narrow scrape, Somerset being beaten by one wicket at Bristol on the day war was declared. Gloucestershire were set 77 to win and lost five wickets for 22, and two batsmen were run out in their \"unnecessary anxiety\" to get the last three runs.\n\nRock bottom, the county lost support and were in dire financial straits. \"It was scarcely surprising that the support given by the public was very small. So far from helping the Eleven in the hour of need, the good people of Bristol studiously kept away from the matches at Ashley Down. One ought not, perhaps, to be too hard on them. To those who are old enough to recall Gloucestershire's triumphs in the days of the Graces, the present position must be intolerable.\n\n\"Still, without a liberal measure of public support there can be little hope in the future. As the result of continued ill-success throughout the summer, the financial position became desperately bad. After the season was over grave fears were expressed that the club would have to be wound up.\n\n\"Happily, however, things did not come to quite such a pass as this. At a special general meeting, held in Bristol on October 27, it was decided to continue the club for another year, but the committee were unanimously of opinion that no fixtures should be arranged for 1915.\"\n\nThe club decided to stop paying the professionals \"so that any of them could begin to qualify for other counties if they so desired\". _Wisden_ concluded: \"As regards the future this decision was, to say the least, ominous.\"\n\n**1915**\n\n_Wisden 1916_ contains tributes to W. G. Grace, and career statistics, following his death on October 23. \"In no branch of sport has anyone ever enjoyed such an unquestioned supremacy as that of W. G. Grace in the cricket field. In his great days he stood alone, without a rival.\"\n\n**1916**\n\n\"The county ground at Ashley Down, Bristol, has been purchased by Messrs Fry as a recreation ground for their employees, but it will be available for Gloucestershire's matches after the War.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Mr H. W. Beloe, chairman of the committee, writes, that for the time being the Gloucestershire County Club is entirely suspended.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"Having no ground to keep up, Gloucestershire remained... in abeyance. Immediately after the Armistice had been signed, however, great efforts were at once made to put the Club on its feet again. A committee was formed and meetings for the purpose of gaining support were arranged all over the county.\n\n\"Unhappily for the county, Mr G. L. Jessop, on account of bad health, will not be able to play in 1919 \u2013 an irreparable loss \u2013 and Mr C. O. H. Sewell, the late captain, is still with the army in Italy.\"\n\n**1919**\n\nJessop and Sewell were both born in 1874 so were in their mid-forties when cricket resumed. Jessop \"was in such bad health that he could not attempt to play cricket\". Sewell, who had been a major with the Oxfordshire and Bucks Regt, and who had enjoyed such a glorious swansong on the final day's cricket before the war, returned for one last game in July, against Lancashire at what was now called the Fry's Ground in Bristol. On a pitch affected by a thunderstorm, he was \"c J. D. Tyldesley b Heap 3\" in both innings.\n\n\"It was certain before a ball had been bowled that the team would on all occasions be of a very experimental character. However, the committee set to work in earnest and got on a good deal better than any one could have expected. An appeal for funds met with a generous response and on all hands there seemed a keen desire to get the club into a satisfactory position. It was, of course, felt that in comparison with the standard reached in the days of the Graces, Gloucestershire cricket was bound to be a very modest and humble thing. Considering all the adverse circumstances the general result was encouraging.\"\n\n* * *\n\nWilfred Methven Brownlee | October 12, 1914\n\n---|---\n\nWilliam Stanley Yalland | October 23, 1914\n\nJohn Nathaniel Williams | April 25, 1915\n\nEdmund Marsden | May 26, 1915\n\nClaude Lysaght Mackay | June 7, 1915\n\nRonald Turner | August 15, 1915\n\nTheodore Humphry Fowler | August 17, 1915\n\nBurnet George James | September 26, 1915\n\nFrancis Bernard Roberts | February 8, 1916\n\nOswald Eric Wreford-Brown | July 7, 1916\n\nJohn William Washington Nason | December 26, 1916\n\nErnest Ewart Gladstone Alderwick | August 26, 1917\n\nDonald Lacey Priestley | October 30, 1917\n\nHugo Francis Wemyss Charteris | April 23, 1918\n\nThomas Archibald Truman | September 13, 1918\n\nWilliam St Clair Grant | September 26, 1918\n\nArthur Houssemayne Du Boulay | October 25, 1918\n\nHugh Jones | November 10, 1918\n\n**Hampshire**\n\n**1914**\n\nThe last three home matches were played at Bournemouth, the traditional festival week gaining an extra game which had been transferred from Portsmouth because of the war; another fixture had earlier been moved to Southampton. Despite being \"robbed\" of their service players in August, they won five of their last six games and came fifth in the Championship \u2013 their highest placing yet. But few people were watching. \"Financially Hampshire were hit very hard by the War, the receipts from the August matches being so much affected that the season's work resulted in a deficit of over \u00a3700.\"\n\nHampshire v Kent at Bournemouth, August 31, September 1, 2: \"Beating Kent for the second time during the summer \u2013 on this occasion by an innings and 83 runs \u2013 Hampshire wound up their season in most brilliant style.\"\n\nArthur Jaques ended his own brilliant summer (117 wickets at 18.69) with nine in the match for 86. The following September, he perished at Loos.\n\n**1915**\n\nFrancis Bacon, a former player and Hampshire's secretary since 1903, drowned in October when the patrol ship in which he served was mined off the Belgian coast; he was Assistant Paymaster in the Royal Naval Reserve.\n\n**1916**\n\n\"At the annual meeting of the Hampshire County Club at Southampton on November 30, Dr Russell Bencraft, referring to the subject of winter wages to professionals, said the time had come when they should consider cricket after the War. The professionals earned a good deal of money in the summer, but he did not think it right that for seven months of the year strong and healthy men should be doing no work at all. He was in favour of some slight increase in the summer wage, but every encouragement should be given to professionals endeavouring to earn their living between the middle of September and the middle of April. He hoped that a conference of the county clubs would be summoned to adopt some such scheme as he had suggested. Mr J. C. Moberley, the president, expressed his agreement with Dr Bencraft's views.\n\n\"The financial report was good, the balance due to the bank having been reduced from \u00a3489 to \u00a3252.\n\n\"Several of the Hampshire players have fallen in the War.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"The annual meeting of the Hampshire County Club was held at Southampton on Wednesday, September 28. In presenting the annual report, the committee stated that owing to the support received from members and the generosity of shareholders, who had refunded dividends to the amount of \u00a380 3s 5d, the bank overdraft had been paid off, a small balance remaining in hand. The committee pointed out, however, that a substantial sum will be required for the repair and renewal of the stands, etc., on the County Ground, when cricket again becomes possible. It is therefore desirable that such a sum should be accumulated as will enable the committee to put the work in hand at the right moment...\n\n\"Reference was made to the fact of A. C. Johnston, the Hampshire batsman, having won his DSO and been given the rank of Brigadier General. During the summer the Southampton ground was used by military teams, frequently in connection with War charities.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"After the signing of the Armistice in November, the Hampshire committee lost no time in preparing for the resumption of first-class cricket, and at the Secretaries' meeting at Lord's, a capital programme was arranged. Owing to ill-health, Mr E. M. Sprot was compelled to resign the captaincy of the Eleven. The post was offered to and accepted by the Hon. L. H. Tennyson.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Hampshire had abundant reason to be satisfied with their first season's cricket since the war. Though seven of their 16 county engagements had to be left unfinished, the wickets at Portsmouth and Southampton being far too good for two-day matches, the Eleven enjoyed plenty of good sport, playing the game, as at all times, in the best possible spirit.\"\n\nThe first Championship match at Southampton was on June 27 and 28 against Gloucestershire. _Wisden_ 's report concentrates on the \"very curious incident\" of Sidney Pothecary's dismissal \"contrary to Law 33b\", when he shook the ball out of his pads into the hands of the wicketkeeper. More significantly, A. C. Johnston scored 12 and 36 not out, batting with the aid of a runner, having suffered a fractured femur as a result of a sniper's bullet late in the war. The authorities at Lord's, and Lord Harris in particular, frowned on this and the war hero was drummed out of county cricket. He played two more first-class matches at Lord's in 1920 and was later prolific in club cricket, but his insistence on the need for a runner caused some resentment.\n\nPelham Warner, however, sided with Johnston: \"It seems to me that it would be a proper and graceful concession to allow men who have been disabled in the war to have a runner when batting. I fancy every captain worth his salt would be only too proud to allow such a concession, if concession it be, to those who were 'knocked out' in the Great War.\" ( _The Book of Cricket_ )\n\n_Hampshire's incomplete war memorial_\n\n* * *\n\nEvelyn Ridley Bradford | September 14, 1914\n\n---|---\n\nArthur Maitland Byng | September 14, 1914\n\nJohn Thomas Gregory | October 27, 1914\n\nGeoffrey Percy Robert Toynbee | November 15, 1914\n\nGeorge Amelius Crawshay Sandeman | April 26, 1915\n\nBernard Maynard Lucas Brodhurst | April 27, 1915\n\nKenneth Herbert Clayton Woodroffe | May 9, 1915\n\nGordon Belcher | May 15, 1915\n\nJames Frederick Sutcliffe | July 14, 1915\n\nCecil Howard Palmer | July 26, 1915\n\nMaxmillian David Francis Wood | August 22, 1915\n\nArthur Jaques | September 27, 1915\n\nFrancis Hugh Bacon | October 31, 1915\n\nAlexander Gordon Cowie | April 7, 1916\n\nCecil Halliday Abercrombie | May 31, 1916\n\nAlban Charles Phidias Arnold | July 7, 1916\n\nHerbert James Rogers | October 12, 1916\n\nCharles Henry Yaldren | October 23, 1916\n\nRobert Wilfred Fairey Jesson | February 22, 1917\n\nCecil Herbert Bodington | April 11, 1917\n\nHarold Thomas Forster | May 29, 1918\n\nHenry Wilfred Persse | June 28, 1918\n\nJohn Hugh Gunner | August 9, 1918\n\nBertram Sutton Evans | March 2, 1919\n\n**Kent**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"Judged from any ordinary standard Kent had a first-rate season in 1914, but it would be idle to pretend that they were up to their highest level.\" The last two matches brought \"dire disaster\", and _Wisden_ mused that Kent would have been better off if they had been cancelled because of the war. At the time, the _Kentish Express_ cricket correspondent went further: \"It will be a relief to everyone when this fiasco called county cricket comes to an end. The people don't want cricket, won't have cricket. I know of one newspaper office where they put cricket scores and war news in the windows. Hundreds look at the latter, practically no one at the former. Indeed, there was hissing when a cricket score was put in the window the other evening.\"\n\nAs it was, finances suffered: \"Up to the end of July everything was going well, the attendance on the first day of the Middlesex match beating all records at Mote Park, but the receipts during the Canterbury week... dropped to the extent of \u00a31,000, and the matches transferred from Dover to Canterbury received little support.\"\n\n_Wisden_ 's match report of the game against Sussex began: \"War being declared on the Tuesday, the Canterbury Week was, of course, shorn of most of its social functions.\" And the account of the second match, against Northamptonshire, concluded: \"Owing to the outbreak of the War, the attendance was extremely meagre.\"\n\nKent lost by an innings in their final match at Bournemouth as Hampshire racked up 477. They missed Colin Blythe, who had 159 Championship wickets to his name at 15.03: he had already enlisted with the Kent Fortress Royal Engineers.\n\n**1916**\n\nDraft accounts for the year put income at just over \u00a31,800 compared with \u00a32,275 in 1915. \"Economies had reduced the ordinary expenses by, roughly speaking, \u00a31,000. The committee asked for a continuance of support from members to help to maintain the Club until after the War. The professionals who volunteered for service have continued to receive the difference between their Army pay and allowances and ground pay. Special attention was drawn to the fact that the captain of the Kent XI, Major L. H. W. Troughton, had earned the Military Cross.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Kent's financial position remains thoroughly satisfactory, the year's working of the Club showing a balance of \u00a3487 9s. For the year 1917, subscriptions were received from 1,533 members, more than a third of those whose names appeared on the register of the Club before the War having continued their support. Many of those who have resigned have announced their intention of rejoining when the War is over.\"\n\nAt a committee meeting held on December 12, a month after Colin Blythe's death, the question of a memorial was discussed, but it was decided first to consult with his widow. \"It was resolved that the allowance to professionals serving with the Colours should be continued on the same lines as before. The ground at Canterbury was lent free of charge to the soldiers stationed in the neighbourhood, both for matches and practice, and despite a wet fortnight in August, when several fixtures had to be scratched, 119 military and school matches were played during the season.\"\n\n**1918**\n\nThe accounts were again \"very satisfactory\" with 1,382 members continuing their support out of 4,325 in 1914. This season, 127 military and school matches were played at Canterbury.\n\n\"Designs for the Mural tablet in memory of Colin Blythe, to be erected in the parish church of Tonbridge, and the county memorial on the Canterbury ground were approved. These designs were the work of Mr Walter Cave, vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects. The inscription upon the drinking fountain at Canterbury is: 'To the memory of Colin Blythe of the Kent Eleven, who volunteered for active service upon the outbreak of hostilities in the Great War of 1914\u201318, and was killed at Ypres on November 8, 1917, aged 39.1 He was unsurpassed among the famous bowlers of the period, and beloved by his fellow-cricketers. Also of his comrades of the Kent Elevens who fell in the service of King and country. This obelisk is raised by the Kent County Cricket Club.'\"\n\n**1919**\n\nKent were somewhat hesitant about their playing strength, and arranged only 14 county matches: their games were against seven counties, home and away. They won six and drew seven, and were runners-up to Yorkshire: \"Things turned out vastly better than anyone could have expected.\"\n\nThe accounts showed a slight loss because of the cost of the memorial, which was officially unveiled on August 23, a fortnight after the three-day game against the Australian Imperial Forces which \"saved the Canterbury Week from being entirely spoilt by the two-days' scheme\". It had been intended to hold the ceremony in Cricket Week but the memorial was not quite ready; instead, it took place in the tea interval of the one-day match between the Band of Brothers and Kent Club and Ground. Blythe's widow, Janet, heard the Kent president, Lord George Hamilton, pay tribute: \"He was a remarkable personality, and although fragile in physique he had the heart and head of a lion.\" (Christopher Scoble, _Lament for a Legend_ )\n\nOn August 4, 1920, Pelham Warner, captain of the Middlesex team, placed a wreath on the memorial on the first day of the match in Cricket Week. His example started a tradition that continues to this day.\n\n* * *\n\nKenneth Lotherington Hutchings | September 3, 1916\n\n---|---\n\nErnest Herbert Simpson | October 2, 1917\n\nColin Blythe | November 8, 1917\n\nLawrence Julius Le Fleming | March 21, 1918\n\nDavid William Jennings | August 6, 1918\n\nCharles Eric Hatfeild | September 21, 1918\n\nGeorge William Edendale Whitehead | October 17, 1918\n\nArthur Houssemayne Du Boulay | October 25, 1918\n\n**Lancashire**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"Like other counties, Lancashire suffered in August from the effects of the War. A. H. Hornby retired from the cricket field in order to take up work in connection with Army remounts, and R. H. Spooner, who had intended to play all through the month, obtained a commission in the Lincolnshire Regiment. Unhappily, he was home again early in the War among the wounded.\"\n\nLancashire's opening batsmen in the final match of the season at Old Trafford against Northamptonshire were Harold Garnett and William Tyldesley. Garnett scored 27 in his 144th match for the club, and Tyldesley signed off with 92, his highest of the season, in his 87th match. Major Garnett, of the South Wales Borderers, was killed in France in December 1917, and Lt Tyldesley, of the Loyal North Lancashire Regt, was killed less than six months later in Belgium.\n\n\"During the autumn the pavilion at Old Trafford was turned to good use as a Red Cross hospital. There was a loss on the season of \u00a31,314, but as the special fund raised on behalf of the Club reached \u00a34,307 the committee were able to reduce the mortgage on the Old Trafford ground and add to the investments.\"\n\n**1916**\n\n\"There was a surplus on the year of just over \u00a3509. This is a satisfactory state of affairs, but the committee state that it will be necessary after the War to enter into extensive obligations in order to carry on cricket in a way creditable to Lancashire. The heavy pre-war contracts with the players have now been completed. Since October, 1914, the pavilion at Old Trafford has been used as a British Red Cross Hospital, and in all about 500 wounded soldiers from all parts have been accommodated there.\n\n\"Nearly all the members of the Lancashire team in 1914 are at the front or in training. J. T. Tyldesley, who is over military age, and J. Sharp were most assiduous all through the summer in playing matches all over the county for the Red Cross and Wounded Soldiers' Funds.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"With regard to Lancashire cricket during the War, Mr Matthews [secretary] writes that the Club has been plugging along, hoping soon to get to work again. The pavilion at Old Trafford, the members' dining room, and now also the tea room, are in possession of the Red Cross, and there are beds for 90 to 100 soldiers. The two grounds have been kept regularly mown and rolled. Many of the Lancashire cricketers are known to be in the firing line, and all are more or less engaged on War work.\"\n\nAt the AGM in December, \"Sir John Thursby pointed out that people ought not to run away with the idea that the Club was doing well, as a great deal of money would be required to set things going again after the War.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"Lancashire, who started the movement for restricting all county matches to two days, do not feel very sanguine as to the outlook in the immediate future. It is felt that the task of building up a new Eleven will be very difficult.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"As the prime movers in getting county matches restricted to two days, Lancashire entered upon their season's cricket with peculiar zest. When all was over they professed themselves well satisfied with the result of the scheme, but when the Advisory Committee met at The Oval in August they admitted its disadvantages and offered no opposition to the restoration of three-day matches in 1920. The fears they had entertained as to the attraction that cricket would have for the Manchester public after the war proved quite unfounded, the attendance at Old Trafford, taking the whole summer through, being more than satisfactory.\"\n\nHornby did not play again after the war: \"The new captain, Mr M. N. Kenyon, though he lacked nothing in zeal, could not manage to make runs, first-class bowling as yet a little too much for him. Moreover, he was unlucky in breaking down twice before the season ended.\"\n\nAt the AGM, subscriptions were raised to two guineas, \"this step being considered absolutely necessary in view of the greatly increased expenses\".\n\n* * *\n\nJohn Asquith Atkinson Nelson | August 12, 1917\n\n---|---\n\nHarold Gwyer Garnett | December 3, 1917\n\nWilliam Knowles Tyldesley | April 26, 1918\n\nEgerton Lowndes Wright | May 11, 1918\n\nAlfred Hartley | October 9, 1918\n\n**Leicestershire**\n\n**1914**\n\nAugust 5, the day after the declaration of war, was the third day of Leicestershire's match at Northampton and the visitors needed only 84 to win in the last innings. But they were dismissed for 79, one batsman short, \"A. T. Sharp having left in the morning to join his regiment\".\n\nWilliam Odell played in the final match of the season at Aylestone Road, Leicester, when the home side lost by 208 runs to their neighbours Nottinghamshire. The game ended with only half an hour to spare, but Leicestershire's batting \"lacked determination\". For Odell, it was his 172nd and last match for the county; in October 1917, having won the MC, he was killed in action in France.\n\n**1916**\n\nThere is no report in _Wisden_.\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Mr S. C. Packer, the Leicestershire secretary, sends a most encouraging account of the way in which the County Club has been supported in War time. So well have subscriptions been kept up that an adverse balance of \u00a3534 18s 1d at the end of the season of 1914 has been entirely cleared off, there being a credit balance of \u00a321 on January 1, 1918.\n\n\"The pavilion on the Leicester ground is now the headquarters of the 53rd ASC Remount Depot, and the luncheon pavilion is the official rifle range of the 1st Battalion (Leicester) Leicestershire Volunteer Regiment, which has the cricket ground as an official drill ground. One hundred and five members of the Club are or have been with HM Forces, irrespective of the Volunteers. Seven members have been killed. The president and vice-president and many members of the committee are actively engaged on War work.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"Immediately after the signing of the Armistice in November, it was announced that Leicestershire would be quite ready to resume first-class cricket in 1919, and at the Secretaries' meeting a programme qualifying for the Championship was arranged. All through the War the Club received good support in the shape of members' subscriptions.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Leicestershire found no new players of any consequence... and had to depend mainly on the men who served the county before the war. The side could not be described as strong. As is the case of so many other counties, the batting was far better than the bowling, and against strong opponents on hard wickets the prospect never seemed hopeful.\"\n\nHappily, Major A. T. Sharp, as he was listed in the scores of the first home match (but thereafter as \"Mr\"), whose departure to join his regiment had led to the narrow defeat by Northamptonshire on the day after war was declared, was back in the ranks of the cricketers; he topped the batting averages and made amends by hitting 139 on his return to Northampton.\n\n* * *\n\nHarold Wright | September 14, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nArthur Edward Davis | November 4, 1916\n\nWilliam Ward Odell | October 4, 1917\n\nHugh Logan | February 24, 1919\n\nThomas Charlesworth Allsopp | March 7, 1919\n\n**Middlesex**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"The declaration of War quite upset the county's plans. P. F. Warner at once gave up cricket, only returning to the team for the return match with Surrey at Lord's, and his example was followed, among others, by F. T. Mann and W. P. Robertson. So difficult was the situation that the match with Yorkshire at Sheffield, on August 10, was actually cancelled by telegram on the morning of the previous Saturday. Later that day, however, it was found that a good side could be put into the field, so the original arrangement was adhered to. In this match at Sheffield Middlesex suffered their second and, as events proved, their last defeat in 1914. More or less outplayed for two days, they nearly snatched the game out of the fire, Yorkshire, with only 86 required to win, losing eight wickets before the winning hit was made. This keen fight seemed to relieve Middlesex of all the depression that had come upon them. The team finished the season in wonderful style.\"\n\nIn the final match, Middlesex beat Kent at Lord's inside two days, gaining revenge for their only other defeat of the season, at Maidstone in July, which had knocked them off the top of the table, where they remained in second place.\n\n\"Plum\" Warner had been busy commanding the \"Waiting List\" of some 1,400 men at the Inns of Court, spending afternoons near Lord's in Regent's Park. There, as he described in his autobiography _Long Innings_ , \"many an attack did we make on the Mappin Terraces, where bears, ibex, goats, etc, were garrisoned\".\n\n_Pelham Warner immediately took up military duties_\n\n**1916**\n\nThe annual meeting was held at the Charing Cross Hotel on December 14 and \"the accounts for the year were entirely satisfactory, a surplus of \u00a3243 being added to the same sum brought forward from 1915\".\n\n\"Reference was made at the meeting to the splendid part played in the War by Middlesex cricketers.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"There being no matters of importance to bring forward, the general meeting... was dispensed with. In the annual report reference was made to the death in the War of Lieut-Col R. T. Lewis, Capt M. E. Coxhead and Lieut A. I. Steel, and the statement was made that all hope had been abandoned of Lieut J. H. Hunt, reported missing, being still alive. Fifty-eight Middlesex county cricketers past and present are serving their country.\"\n\n**1918**\n\nAt the annual meeting \"it was determined to go on with county cricket as much as possible during the season of 1919. An earnest appeal was made for new members.\"\n\n**1919**\n\nTwo-day cricket suited Middlesex as little as it did other counties: \"Middlesex in 1919 felt the full force of the truism that batting alone will not win matches. They had plenty of run-getters and, when conditions were favourable, nearly always ran up a substantial score, but they could not get their opponents out. Their bowling, indeed, except on two occasions, was deplorably weak \u2013 worse than it had been at any time for, roughly speaking, 30 years.\"\n\nThe side fell to 13th place in the table with only two victories in their 14 games, although they lost only three, and, as everywhere, draws predominated. \"The men lacked nothing in energy, always playing keenly, but they found some of the drawn games rather wearisome, and the long hours almost intolerable.\"\n\nWarner, captain once more, had every right to be exhausted. He had suffered from ill-health during the war, and in March was working in Egypt and Palestine dealing with matters of demobilisation and resettlement. At Kantara, he skippered the 75th Division and scored 75 not out. Congratulated by the sergeant-major who was umpiring, Warner told him: \"Very nice of you to say so. But I am thinking of giving up first-class cricket. Getting too old.\" To which the sergeant-major replied: \"Give it up, sir! Give it up, sir! Never heard of such a thing, sir! Don't be a fool, sir, if I may say so, sir. I have not seen as straight a bat as yours, sir, between Dan and Beersheba!\"\n\nWarner soldiered on, but he had a wretched season. He admitted: \"The long hours... were too much for me, and after the middle of July I was a 'dead dog'.\" ( _Long Innings_ )\n\nThe spectators grew weary too, and restless, as editor Sydney Pardon noted: \"It is to be feared that a good many people who find their pleasure in watching cricket are very ignorant of the game. In no other way can one account for the unseemly 'barracking' that sometimes goes on. A particularly bad case occurred in the Middlesex and Yorkshire match at Lord's in August. J. W. Hearne \u2013 playing as well as he has ever played in his life \u2013 was doing his utmost to save Middlesex from defeat, and yet a section of the crowd hooted him. A remedy for this sort of nuisance is not easy to find, as obviously the batsmen cannot leave the wickets. A stoppage of the game, however, with all the players staying on the field, might have the effect of bringing the malcontents to their senses.\"\n\n* * *\n\nBernard Charles Gordon-Lennox | November 10, 1914\n\n---|---\n\nWilfrid Stanley Bird | May 9, 1915\n\nGuy Greville Napier | September 25, 1915\n\nJohn Wyndham Hamilton McCulloch | October 21, 1915\n\nSholto Douglas | January 28, 1916\n\nHarry Broderick Chinnery | May 28, 1916\n\nCecil Argo Gold | July 3, 1916\n\nFoster Hugh Egerton Cunliffe | July 10, 1916\n\nWilliam Manstead Benton | August 17, 1916\n\nJohn Henry Sneyd Hunt | September 16, 1916\n\nLeonard James Moon | November 23, 1916\n\nMaurice Edward Coxhead | May 3, 1917\n\nRichard Percy Lewis | September 7, 1917\n\nAllan Ivo Steel | October 8, 1917\n\nClifford Allen Saville | November 8, 1917\n\nLeonard George Colbeck | January 3, 1918\n\nReginald Oscar Schwarz | November 18, 1918\n\n**Northamptonshire**\n\n**1914**\n\nThe outbreak of war helped Northamptonshire gain a narrow victory against Leicestershire at Northampton. On August 5, the visitors needed just 84 in the fourth innings but were dismissed for 79. They were one batsman short, \"A. T. Sharp having left in the morning to join his regiment\".\n\nNorthamptonshire abandoned their game against Somerset due to be played at Taunton on August 10, 11 and 12, but their \"feelings at the outbreak of War became modified as August advanced\". The county's final match was against Lancashire at Manchester at the end of August. Clearly, minds were on other things than cricket as \"there was an air of unreality about the whole business\".\n\nIn the side were A. D. Denton and S. T. Askham, both 17-year-old pupils of Wellingborough Grammar School. Sydney Thomas Askham made his debut for the county in August and played five matches that month, and still had another year of successful schools cricket ahead of him in 1915. Whatever his own thoughts may have been about the \"unreality\" of the final game, reality struck on the battlefield near Thiepval in August 1916; he was 19.\n\nArthur Donald Denton returned to play three matches after the war despite losing part of a leg and needing a runner; he died in 1961, aged 64. He played alongside his brothers, who were twins; they were reported missing in June 1918 but had been taken prisoner. John played two matches in 1919, while William played on until 1924.\n\n**1916**\n\nThe county report for 1914 had ended ominously: \"Financially, Northamptonshire had a disastrous season.\" Worse was to come. The 1916 report stated: \"It has been a matter of great difficulty to keep the Northamptonshire Club going during the War, the financial position being one of great anxiety.\"\n\nThe report continued: \"Every eligible member of the team and the second eleven has joined the Forces except one or two who are badged, and the Northampton ground has been continuously used by the military authorities since the end of 1914.\"\n\n**1917**\n\nNo report for the year is given in _Wisden_.\n\nClaud Woolley, the brother of Kent's Frank, who had signed up alongside Colin Blythe for the Fortress Engineers, was wounded on November 8 by a shrapnel shell; alongside him still, Blythe was killed by the blast.\n\n**1918**\n\nThe situation is dire: \"Northamptonshire, from financial reasons, find the task of carrying on first-class cricket a difficult one.\" But it will soldier on in 1919: \"The county will take part in the Championship, the programme arranged being as good as could be expected in the circumstances.\"\n\n**1919**\n\nOpening the batting against Lancashire in the first match at Northampton was Claud Woolley; he had played against the same opponents in the final match five years earlier before the war's interruption. It almost seemed as nothing untoward had happened in the interim \u2013 certainly nothing worthy of comment. The writer and proofreader both nodded as _Wisden_ reported: \"F. N. Woolley was the best all-round man, but neither as batsman nor bowler did he do anything out of the common.\" Not \"F.\" of course \u2013 that would have been his more famous brother \u2013 but Claud, or \"Dick\" as he was generally known.\n\nAs for their season as a whole, _Wisden_ echoed its preview of a year earlier: \"All things considered they did as well as could be expected, winning two of their 12 Championship matches, losing four, and leaving the other six unfinished.\"\n\n* * *\n\nJames Henry Aloysius Ryan | September 25, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nSydney Thomas Askham | August 21, 1916\n\nCharles Bryan Tomblin | June 1, 1918\n\n**Nottinghamshire**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"There is no getting away from the fact that Notts had an uninteresting season.\" _Wisden_ found this reason: \"No doubt the unhappy loss of A. O. Jones as captain brought about to a large extent the sort of lassitude that came over the team. Nothing could replace the captain's contagious energy and enthusiasm. Jones started playing at the beginning of the season, but it was plain to all his friends that he would not be able to go on for long. Sadly wasted and looking wretchedly ill, he was a mere shadow of his old self. By sheer pluck he struggled through five matches... He spent the rest of the summer under medical treatment in the New Forest, with no hope of ever returning to the cricket field.\"\n\nBy Christmas, he was dead. The obituary stated that, despite treatment, \"nothing could be done for him, consumption being too far advanced\".\n\nOn Bank Holiday Monday, August 3, the eve of war, a crowd of almost 15,000 basked at The Oval as Hobbs hit 226 off the Notts attack and Surrey ended on 472 for five. The next, momentous day, spectators turned nasty as George Gunn and Joe Hardstaff batted stubbornly. \"So bad was the 'barracking' at times that several of the offenders were removed by the police.\"\n\nThe Notts opening bowler William Riley had toiled in taking four for 153. His next game, against Middlesex at Lord's, was the last of 80 matches for the county. Gunner Riley was killed by a shell splinter in Belgium in August 1917.\n\n**1916**\n\n\"For over two years the pavilion at Trent Bridge has been used as a hospital, and more recently the ladies' pavilion has been converted into one. During the month of November a hundred wounded soldiers were in residence.\" But it seems they kept off the grass: \"The Trent Bridge ground has been thoroughly kept up, and the turf never looked better than in 1916.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Mr Turner [secretary] writes that so far as cricket is concerned the County Club is at a standstill until after the War. The ground at Trent Bridge, however, has been kept in first-class condition, and never looked better than it did during the summer. There are now 100 beds in the pavilion and adjoining buildings, used for the last three years as a hospital. During the season the use of the ground was given free for charity and military matches.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"Notts do not take a hopeful view of their prospects in 1919, the constitution of their Eleven, owing to questions of demobilisation, being so uncertain. Still, there will be a good list of fixtures. At the Secretaries' meeting at Lord's, Mr Turner said that no one, as yet, had been chosen as captain of the Eleven.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Finishing third among the counties Notts had in one respect ample reason to be satisfied with their doings in 1919, but though they showed plenty of fine cricket, it cannot be said that their season was an exhilarating one. The explanation is not far to seek. To no ground in England was the two-day scheme less suited than to Trent Bridge.\" Six out of seven home matches were drawn; the wicket proved so perfect that even the three-day game against the Australian Imperial Forces team was destined to be a draw.\n\n\"The committee were fortunate in getting a zealous young captain in Mr A. W. Carr and things went very smoothly, the side never being upset by illness or injury.\"\n\nHenry Turner, the secretary who had steered the club through the war, died in August, aged 76.\n\n* * *\n\nRalph Eustace Hemingway | October 15, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nAlexander Basil Crawford | May 10, 1916\n\nWilliam Riley | August 9, 1917\n\nCharles Pepper | September 13, 1917\n\nHarvey Staunton | January 14, 1918\n\nHarold Augustus Hodges | March 24, 1918\n\n**Somerset**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"For many seasons cricket in the West Country has suffered both from a want of good players and from public support, and it is once more difficult to find cause for gratification over anything done by Somerset.\"\n\nThe match against Northamptonshire due to be played at Taunton on August 10, 11 and 12 was abandoned \"on the suggestion of their opponents whose feelings at the outbreak of War became modified as August advanced\". But if that was the immediate reaction to war, the County Championship continued and Somerset played four more matches.\n\nPlayers, however, may have been hard to find. In the next match against Worcestershire at Taunton on August 13, Talbot Lewis made his first appearance since May 1912 under the pseudonym of \"A. Key\". That same day, the Professional Golfers' Association decided to \"postpone indefinitely\" all its remaining fixtures. A day later, the MCC announced there would be no cricket at Lord's in September.\n\nCecil Banes-Walker played in the final match against Essex at Weston-super-Mare which ended in defeat by ten wickets on September 1; eight months later he was killed near Ypres. Two Somerset cricketers were among the first casualties in October 1914: Harold Edwin Hippisley, who was married on the day his regiment set sail for France, and Ralph Escott Hancock, who was awarded the DSO for bravery six days before his death.\n\n**1916**\n\n\"So generous was the support given by members in 1916, that the Committee reduced the Club's debt to \u00a3112, which sum they hope to clear off [in 1917].\"\n\n**1917**\n\nThere is no report in _Wisden_.\n\n**1918**\n\n\"Somerset will take part in the Championship [in 1919], but the immediate outlook is not very hopeful, as it may be a hard matter to get together a team of adequate strength.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Few counties in 1919 faced the resumption of first-class cricket with less confidence than Somerset. No one could say what would happen, the resources at the disposal of the committee being so extremely doubtful. However, things turned out far better than even the most sanguine supporters of the club could have expected. Arranging a modest programme of twelve matches, Somerset, under the rule that only gave points for actual wins, tied with Lancashire for fifth place in the Championship. They won four matches, lost three and drew four, the remaining fixture \u2013 the first of the season \u2013 being, under extraordinary circumstances, officially recorded as a tie.\"\n\nThe tied match was indeed controversial; it ended as the crippled Sussex number eleven, H. J. Heygate, failed to get to the wicket. See under Sussex.\n\nIn mid-July, Somerset travelled to Leyton to play Essex. In the eleven, making his first-class debut, was 18-year-old Arthur Thomas Sanders, who had headed the Harrow batting averages in 1918, albeit at an undistinguished 21.60, scoring 216 runs in 12 innings with a highest score of 57 not out; he did nothing of note in the matches against Eton. Batting at Leyton, he went in with the score on 372 for seven, and was bowled by Scoulding for a duck. The match was eventually drawn after Essex had followed on, and Somerset did not bat a second time. Sanders did not play again: he had joined the band of \"one-match wonders\".\n\nAfter Harrow, he went on to Sandhurst, leaving there on July 15, 1920. 2nd Lt Sanders, of 3 Bn, the Grenadier Guards, died on November 22, 1920, a month before his 20th birthday. Burdened by betting debts, he shot himself in the head with a revolver in his quarters at the Tower of London; he is buried in Brompton Cemetery.\n\nAccording to a newspaper report, the coroner at the inquest concluded: \"He evidently started betting at Sandhurst \u2013 a very foolish thing \u2013 but young men often did foolish things. He kept his trouble to himself, like most Englishmen, not wishing probably to distress his parents, who would no doubt have helped him had they been asked. He probably brooded over his trouble in the night watches, and shot himself.\" A verdict was recorded of \"suicide whilst of unsound mind\".\n\nSanders' father was Sir Robert Arthur Sanders, who was Conservative MP for Bridgwater, Somerset, from 1910 to 1923, and for Wells from 1924 to 1929, and was a Government minister. He was created a baronet in the 1920 New Year Honours and raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Bayford in 1929. On his death in 1940 the title became extinct as a result of his only son committing suicide in 1920.\n\nBetter known \u2013 he had played 99 games for Somerset \u2013 Percy Hardy committed suicide by cutting his throat in a lavatory at King's Cross station on March 9, 1916; he had seen action, and his mind was unhinged by the prospect of returning to the Western Front. _Wisden 1917_ gave Hardy an obituary under the heading \"Other Deaths in 1916\" rather than under \"Deaths in the War, 1916\". Sanders had no obituary.\n\n* * *\n\nHarold Edwin Hippisley | October 23, 1914\n\n---|---\n\nRalph Escott Hancock | October 29, 1914\n\nHervey Robert Charles Tudway | November 18, 1914\n\nCharles Gerrard Deane | December 14, 1914\n\nPercy D'Aguilar Banks | April 26, 1915\n\nFrederick Cecil Banes-Walker | May 9, 1915\n\nHubert Frederic Garrett | June 4, 1915\n\nFrederick Percy Hardy | March 9, 1916\n\nLeonard Cecil Leicester Sutton | June 3, 1916\n\nJohn Alexander Hellard | July 1, 1916\n\nErnest Shorrocks | July 20, 1916\n\nEdwin John Leat | June 8, 1918\n\nOswald Massey Samson | September 17, 1918\n\nArthur Thomas Sanders | November 22, 1920\n\nHugh Ferguson Montgomery | December 10, 1920\n\n**Surrey**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"For the first time since 1899 Surrey came out with the best record among the counties and so won the Championship. A brilliant season had a strange ending. As the military authorities required for about three weeks in August the use of Kennington Oval, the return match with Kent for Hobbs's benefit and the return with Yorkshire on the following days were, by permission of the MCC, transferred to Lord's, and on August 31, public feeling against the continuance of first-class cricket during the War having been worked up to rather a high pitch, the Surrey committee at a special meeting decided unanimously to cancel the two remaining fixtures \u2013 with Sussex at Brighton, and Leicestershire at The Oval. It was in some ways a pity that this drastic step should have been found necessary, but in acting as they did the Surrey committee took a wise course. Only two days before the decision was arrived at, Lord Roberts, in a recruiting speech, had made a pointed reference to people who went on playing cricket at such a time.\"\n\nThere was some debate whether Surrey were entitled to the Championship after cancelling their last two fixtures. \"It was argued by a good many people that in taking this action Surrey voluntarily forfeited their position and that the County Championship remained in abeyance for the year. This view, however, received no official support.\" The matter was finally settled at a meeting of the MCC committee on November 9 when P. F. Warner raised no objections on behalf of Middlesex, the runners-up.\n\nHobbs's benefit match at Lord's was over in two days, Surrey winning by eight wickets despite Colin Blythe's nine for 97. Yorkshire were overcome by an innings thanks to Surrey's total of 549 for six declared, in which the top three read Hayward 116, Hobbs 202 and Hayes 134.\n\nSurrey were able to return to The Oval for the final match against Gloucestershire on August 31. The visitors were only able to muster ten players for the match, Alf Dipper having already enlisted, and went down to an innings defeat inside two days, although they were \"redeemed by a superb display of hitting on the part of Sewell, who actually scored 165 out of 230 in two hours\". Tom Hayward's career came to an end as he took the final catch off the bowling of Percy Fender, whose match figures of nine for 115 were the best of his career at that point.\n\nFender, who was one of the 1915 _Wisden_ Five Cricketers of the Year, was not to play again for Surrey until May 1920. He enlisted the following day in the Inns of Court Regiment and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Fusiliers. In 1915, he trained as a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps and went solo after less than four hours in the air. At first he was stationed near London on standby to repel Zeppelin attacks, but in 1916 he was posted to India where he contracted a series of debilitating illnesses.\n\nThe precocious Donald Knight, who had celebrated his 20th birthday in May 1914, joined Fender in the 1915 _Wisden_ as a Cricketer of the Year; he enlisted with the 28th London Regt (Artists). Alan Marshal, another Surrey Cricketer of the Year ( _Wisden 1909_ ), died in July of enteric fever in Malta after serving with the Australian forces at Gallipoli. He topped 1,000 runs in each of three seasons from 1907, but returned to Australia in 1910. He was 32, but had failed to fulfil his enormous promise as a cricketer. His obituary noted: \"He had it in him to be great, but somehow he missed the position that at one time seemed to be within his reach.\"\n\n**1916**\n\nThe annual meeting in May was told that subscriptions for the previous year were \u00a34,059 13s \u2013 a decrease of \u00a31,097 5s 6d on those of 1914.\n\n\"A good deal of cricket, largely military, was played at The Oval during the summer, but no matches of importance were undertaken. The Surrey Club played three matches against schools.\"\n\n**1917**\n\nThe AGM heard: \"It was a matter for regret that the amount received from subscriptions had declined from \u00a34,059 to \u00a33,295. The Club's investments stood at \u00a36,792, but it was only right to point out that there was a depreciation in market values of fully \u00a32,000.\"\n\nSchools and military cricket again formed the fixture list.\n\n**1918**\n\nSir Jeremiah Colman, Surrey's president, chaired the annual meeting in May. \"In presenting the report and the statement of accounts, Sir Jeremiah, proving a better prophet than seemed likely at the time he spoke, said they looked forward to happier times which he did not think could now be far distant.\" Expenditure in 1917 amounted to \u00a33,428, and \"thanks to careful economy there was a credit balance of \u00a3121 5s\", but, as Sir Jeremiah explained, \"internal and other decorations for the pavilion and other buildings would have to be undertaken when county cricket again became practicable\". During 1917, 1,905 members paid their subscriptions against 2,098 in 1916.\n\n\"Though The Oval was constantly in use during the season, the Surrey Club's own activities were limited to four games with public schools, one of these fixtures having to be abandoned owing to rain.\"\n\nOn August 5, The Oval staged its first contest of note since 1914, when an England XI played the third match against the Dominions XI. Despite rain in the morning, 9,265 spectators paid their shillings and \u00a31,000 was raised for the Surrey branch of the Red Cross. \"During the afternoon the pavilion was a very pleasant place. Familiar faces were to be seen everywhere, and the delight felt at watching a good match on the old ground could not be disguised.\" On the field, Lt Fender top-scored with 70 in \"an innings worthy of Jessop at his best\", but the match was drawn. Fender was clearly on the mend, but in the late autumn he broke his leg badly in a football accident \u2013 he was a noted goalkeeper \u2013 which put him on crutches for over a year.\n\n**1919**\n\n\"It was certain that the two-days scheme for the Championship would not answer well at The Oval, the wickets in fine weather being far too good... Surrey's strength in 1919 was in their batting; the weak point of the team \u2013 a weakness for which nothing could compensate \u2013 was the lack of a slow or medium-pace bowler of real class to back up Hitch and Rushby.\"\n\nCyril Wilkinson, once he had recovered from his war injuries, captained the side to fourth in the Championship. When he stepped down in 1920 \u2013 his focus was on the Olympics in Belgium where he won a gold medal with the British hockey team \u2013 Fender took on the captaincy.\n\n* * *\n\nEsm\u00e9 Fairfax Chinnery | January 18, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nWilfred John Hutton Curwen | May 9, 1915\n\nAlan Marshal | July 23, 1915\n\nHarry Broderick Chinnery | May 28, 1916\n\nFrancis Sydney Gillespie | June 18, 1916\n\nEdwin Bertram Myers | September 15, 1916\n\nHenry George Blacklidge | May 23, 1917\n\nJohn Edward Raphael | June 11, 1917\n\n**Sussex**\n\n**1914**\n\nOn Wednesday, September 2, George Cox bowled Edgar Oldroyd for a duck and stumps were drawn on first-class cricket in England for five years as the match against Yorkshire at Brighton petered out into a draw. Cox had been due to enjoy his benefit match the following day, but Surrey had already cancelled the fixture: he had to wait for his payday until 1920, when three-day cricket returned.\n\n**1915**\n\nThe former Sussex captain K. S. Ranjitsinhji, Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar, made the resources of his state available for the war effort and became ADC to Field Marshal Sir John French, who was Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force for the first two years of the war. Ranji went to the Western Front but was not involved in combat; the cold weather in France exacerbated his asthma and he returned to England several times on sick leave. In August 1915, he was shot in the right eye \u2013 not in warfare but on a Yorkshire grouse moor. He attended W. G. Grace's funeral in Kent and then returned to India. Wearing a glass eye, he played just three more Championship matches for Sussex, in 1920.\n\n**1916**\n\nThe report for the year is terse: \"Sussex have to regret the loss of their secretary, Mr F. Oddie, killed in the War.\" Lt Francis Arthur Joseph Oddie, of the Middlesex Regt attached to the Royal Berkshire Regt, has an equally brief obituary; he was killed in France on October 23, aged 37.\n\nThe accounts for the year ending December 31, 1916, showed that expenditure \"had been reduced to a minimum\". Despite spending \u00a382 10s \"repainting the roof of the new skating rink... the former deficiency of \u00a3909 13s 8d had been reduced to \u00a3841 16s 9d\".\n\n**1917**\n\nAt the AGM, Lord Leconfield was elected president following the death of the Duke of Norfolk.\n\n**1918**\n\nThe report is brief but forward-looking: \"Sussex, like other counties, will go on as before in 1919, a fairly good list of fixtures having been made.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Sussex cricket in 1919 must not be judged by results. A record in the Championship of four wins, 11 defeats, four drawn games and a tie looks very bad on paper, but there was every excuse for it. For more than half the season Sussex had the weakest county team in England, going into the field day after day with little or no hope of success. However, they struggled on in face of defeat after defeat, and reward came at last, the side being absolutely transformed when the brothers Relf and Jupp returned to the scene.\"\n\n_Wisden_ does not mention that a third Relf brother, Ernest, who had played a dozen times for Sussex just before the war, did not return. Gunner Relf, of the Royal Garrison Artillery, died in Leicester on July 27, 1918, aged 29.\n\nThe tied match, against Somerset at Taunton on May 21 and 22, involved a controversial decision about the fitness to bat of the Sussex No. 11, H. J. Heygate: \"An extraordinary and in some respects very regrettable incident marked the first of the Taunton matches... On the second afternoon Sussex, with the score at a tie, had a wicket to fall, the remaining batsman being Heygate who was crippled by rheumatism. It was understood when the innings began that he would not be able to bat and as there was some doubt as to whether he would come in, one of the Somerset players \u2013 not J. C. White, the acting captain \u2013 appealed to Street, the umpire, on the ground that the limit of two minutes had been exceeded. Street pulled up the stumps and the match was officially recorded as a tie. The matter gave rise to much discussion and the MCC Committee, when the question was referred to them, upheld the umpire's decision. Whether or not Heygate would have been able to crawl to the wicket, it was very unsportsmanlike that such a point should have been raised when there remained ample time to finish the match. Up to the time of the incident the game was a very good one, the ball beating the bat on the second day.\" Heygate, batting at 11, was bowled for nought in the first innings, and is recorded as \"absent 0\" in the second.\n\nThere have been differing accounts of the incident. Heygate, who had not played for Sussex since 1905, was at the ground as a spectator when he was pressed into service. He had sustained leg wounds in the war and suffered from arthritis, or rheumatism. He had not fielded, but after wickets fell he attempted to limp out to bat with his pads strapped over a blue lounge suit. He did not play again, and his obituary in the 1938 _Wisden_ makes no reference to the incident.\n\nA cloud on the horizon was the age of some players. Albert Relf, Joe Vine and George Cox were all in their mid-forties. \"Though all did so well... they cannot in the nature of things go on very much longer.\"\n\n\"Financially, the outlook for Sussex is better than it has been for a long time. The committee appealed for a thousand pounds to free the Club from debt, and received such a gratifying response that the full sum was subscribed.\"\n\n* * *\n\nArthur Horace Lang | January 25, 1915\n\n---|---\n\nKenneth Herbert Clayton Woodroffe | May 9, 1915\n\nGeoffrey Charles Walter Dowling | July 30, 1915\n\nBernard Henry Holloway | September 27, 1915\n\nGeorge Lumley Whatford | November 22, 1915\n\nCharles Denis Fisher | May 31, 1916\n\nJohn William Washington Nason | December 26, 1916\n\nErnest Herbert Relf | July 27, 1918\n\n**Warwickshire**\n\n**1914**\n\nOn August 3 at Edgbaston, Percy Jeeves took seven for 52 as Worcestershire were dismissed for 122. Rain restricted play on the next day to an hour and a quarter; the match report does not mention that war was declared that day, but on the third day the visitors were saved by the rain: they were perilously placed at 14 for four, and two of the three Fosters in the side \"had been called away on military duty\".\n\nIn the final game at Edgbaston, Warwickshire beat Surrey on August 29, Jeeves taking seven wickets in the match and Foster nine as well as top-scoring with 81; neither would play again. In the second innings, C. K. Langley was \"absent\", already away on military duty: it was his last game too, but he survived the war and at the time of his death in 1948 was Warwickshire's secretary and chairman.\n\nJeeves, who took 85 wickets in the Championship, is described in the review of the season as \"perhaps one of the great bowlers of the future\". He joined the Royal Warwickshire Regt and was killed at the Somme in July 1916, aged 28.\n\n\"A great bowling feat\" temporarily escaped _Wisden_ 's attention until the 1918 edition, when it gained a page to itself under that heading, written by the editor Sydney Pardon: \"I have been asked to draw attention to a feat by Frank Field, the Warwickshire fast bowler, which owing to the stoppage of the game by the War, has not been given the prominence among cricket records to which it is entitled. Anyway it escaped notice in the cricket records published in _Wisden_ for 1916, so it is only right to make up for the omission. In the match between Worcestershire and Warwickshire, played at Dudley on June 1, 2, and 3, 1914, Field, in the second innings of Worcestershire, went on to bowl with the score of 85 for four wickets, and took the six outstanding wickets in eight overs and four balls, seven maidens, at a cost of only two runs. The score of the match published at the time credited Field with only six maiden overs, but the detailed analysis which has been sent to me shows that he bowled seven. In fact, the only scoring stroke made off him was a lucky two from the second ball in the second over before he had taken a wicket. While finishing off the Worcestershire innings in this startling fashion, Field delivered five no-balls, with one of which he clean-bowled M. K. Foster. In taking his six wickets for two runs he received no assistance, three batsmen being bowled, two caught and bowled, and one lbw. The feat certainly deserves to be placed in future on the same footing as Pougher's famous five wickets for no runs for MCC and Ground against the Australians at Lord's in 1896, and Peate's eight wickets for five runs for Yorkshire against Surrey at Holbeck, in 1883.\"\n\n**1916**\n\n\"Mr Ryder [secretary and treasurer] gives a very encouraging account of the condition of the Warwickshire Club in wartime. Subscriptions were so well kept up as to cover the expenditure for 1916 \u2013 about \u00a3750 being received. The Club's bank balance remains untouched, and there is a sum of \u00a31,400 in hand. The County has suffered a grievous loss in action of Percy Jeeves. J. H. Parsons, who enlisted as a trooper, has gained a commission. He has seen fighting in the Dardanelles and at Salonika.\"\n\n**1917**\n\nThis year, subscriptions raised over \u00a3600, but Mr Ryder warned: \"We shall have to spend a great deal of money in repairs before long.\" He then reported: \"We have suffered a big loss in the death in action of Lieut H. J. Goodwin, former captain of the Club, who was at the time of his death a member of the committee. He was the only son of our honorary treasurer, Mr F. S. Goodwin. It is a lamentable coincidence that three of our principal supporters, Mr G. H. Cartland [committee chairman], Mr Goodwin and Sir Halliwell Rogers have lost only sons in the War.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"A heavy blow has befallen Warwickshire. Owing to a severely injured foot, Mr F. R. Foster will not in future be able to take part in first-class cricket. On his letter resigning the captaincy being received, he was elected on the committee, a vote of thanks being passed to him for his brilliant services to the County.\"\n\nFoster, who had led the county to the Championship title in 1911, suffered serious leg injuries in a motorcycle accident in August 1915 when amputation of the foot was considered.\n\n**1919**\n\n_Wisden_ considered the \"double disaster\" of the losses of Jeeves and Foster \"irreparable\". Also, \"it was a great misfortune that Mr J. H. Parsons, who won marked distinction in the war, could not play more often. He was the same commanding batsman as in 1914 \u2013 excellent in style, and gifted with a peculiar power to drive fast bowling.\"\n\nWith just one victory, against Derbyshire, the county took the wooden spoon.\n\n* * *\n\nWilliam Hugh Holbech | November 1, 1914\n\n---|---\n\nNorman Kingsley Street | August 10, 1915\n\nAlexander Basil Crawford | May 10, 1916\n\nPercy Jeeves | July 22, 1916\n\nSamuel Harold Bates | August 28, 1916\n\nHarold James Goodwin | April 24, 1917\n\nReginald George Pridmore | March 13, 1918\n\nHoward Roderick Parkes | May 28, 1920\n\n**Worcestershire**\n\n**1914**\n\n\"Worcestershire, like Gloucestershire, had a sad season, failure in the field going hand in hand with financial trouble. At one time during the summer it was freely stated that the club would have to be wound up, and at a special meeting of the members on August 8 a recommendation to that effect by the committee was brought forward. Mr P. H. Foley moved an amendment that the club be continued, and this was carried with a few dissentions [sic]. Mr Foley stated that he had approached the first-class counties, asking them to contribute \u00a320 each for two years. Surrey, Kent, Yorkshire and Hampshire had replied favourably, and Warwickshire and Derbyshire had promised to contribute if other counties did the same. In the course of the meeting sums promised in the room increased the previous guarantee fund of \u00a3850 to \u00a31,160.\n\n\"It should be mentioned here that the professionals accepted the position in excellent spirit, Burrows offering on their behalf to play two matches in 1915 for nothing. At a subsequent meeting on September 26, the decision to continue the club was reaffirmed. Judge Amphlet stated that \u00a3350 would be needed if cricket, owing to the War, should be impossible in 1915, and a sum of \u00a3300 was promised before the meeting broke up. The professionals agreed to take winter pay for six months, and to ask for no further remuneration unless county cricket went on in the usual way.\n\n\"Issued in December, the annual report stated that, thanks to the efforts of a few friends, the club was entirely free from debt.\"\n\nThe war had an immediate effect on the team who were playing Warwickshire at Edgbaston on August 3, 4 and 5. Worcestershire was teetering on 14 for four in their second innings, still three runs in deficit, when rain put an end to the match \u2013 but they were two batsmen short as G. N. and N. J. A. Foster \"had been called away on military duty\".\n\n**1916**\n\nFinances improved without the costs of staging cricket, as the annual meeting heard: \"The accounts showed a balance of \u00a3419, this being the most satisfactory report in the history of the Club. Lord Cobham expressed a hope that if the County Championship should be continued after the War, it would be on less expensive lines than formerly and that there would be something of the old-time friendly rivalry.\n\n\"Four members of the County team have fallen in the War \u2013 Mr W. B. Burns, Mr A. W. Isaac, Mr H. G. Bache, and Collier.\" Even among those who made the ultimate sacrifice, players were separated by the distinction between amateurs and professionals: the first three were officers, Collier a staff sergeant. (The list is not comprehensive.)\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Lord Cobham, who presided at the Annual Meeting towards the end of November, said he thought it most satisfactory that the Club was now solvent, and that the committee had been able to keep things ready for the return of the young fellows from the front.\n\n\"Alluding to Frank Chester's loss of an arm in the War, Lord Cobham said it was deplorable that his cricket career had been cut short. Probably no cricketer of 18 had shown such promise since the days of W. G. Grace.\n\n\"Subscriptions for the year came to \u00a3162. There was a profit on the year's working of \u00a344, and a balance in hand of \u00a3464.\"\n\n**1918**\n\n\"At the Annual Meeting it was announced that Worcestershire would no longer be able to go in for county cricket on the old lines. As the Club had a balance of \u00a3500 in hand, the moment was considered favourable for retirement. At the same time it was hoped that the Club would arrange some friendly games, the idea being to have not more than two professionals in the Eleven.\n\n\"After the meeting some change of plan would seem to have been thought of, as at the Secretaries' Meeting at Lord's it was stated that Worcestershire had failed to qualify for the Championship.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Worcestershire did not compete for the Championship in 1919... They were able to arrange a short programme, playing out and home matches with Gloucestershire, Somerset, Warwickshire, and a single game at Hereford with a team got together by their old captain, H. K. Foster. No great amount of interest attached to these matches, but cricket was kept alive in the county.\"\n\n* * *\n\nArnold Stearns Nesbitt | November 7, 1914\n\n---|---\n\nFrederick Bonham Burr | March 12, 1915\n\nJohn Edmund Valentine Isaac | May 9, 1915\n\nCecil Howard Palmer | July 26, 1915\n\nBernard Philip Nevile | February 11, 1916\n\nHarold Godfrey Bache | February 15, 1916\n\nWilliam Beaumont Burns | July 7, 1916\n\nArthur Whitmore Isaac | July 7, 1916\n\nChristopher George Arthur Collier | August 25, 1916\n\nJohn Francis Sartorius Winnington | September 22, 1918\n\n_Worcestershire's war memorial_\n\n**Yorkshire**\n\n**1914**\n\nYorkshire completed their County Championship schedule of 28 fixtures, winning half the matches and finishing fourth. The war put paid to the Scarborough Festival in September.\n\nThe Yorkshire president, Lord Hawke, was also president of MCC, and Sydney Pardon wrote in his Notes: \"The most memorable event in the season of 1914 was, to my thinking, the dinner given at the Hotel Cecil by the MCC in June to celebrate the centenary of the present Lord's ground. Nothing could have illustrated more forcibly the greatness of cricket. On every hand were men whose names are familiar wherever the English language is spoken. No other game or sport could have produced such a company. Half a century of English cricket was fully represented, and in every speech there was a note of unswerving devotion to the game. It was a peculiarly happy circumstance that Lord Hawke, who has played cricket all over the world, should, as president of the MCC for the year, have had the privilege of being in the chair. One may be sure that he appreciated the honour.\"\n\n**1916**\n\n\"In 1916 the County Club not only paid expenses but had a small balance, and gave something like \u00a3600 to the various grounds on which in normal times home matches are played. A sum of over \u00a31,400 was received in subscriptions. All the county players are engaged on war work of one kind or another. This was made a strict condition of their continued engagement. During the season they played one-day and half-day matches wherever fixtures could be arranged without interfering with munition work etc. All the matches were played for charitable purposes, some hundreds of pounds being raised. The War has caused Yorkshire the loss of one of their best players in Booth.\"\n\nThe obituary of 2nd Lt Major William Booth (Major being his first name) concluded: \"Tall of stature, good-looking, and of engaging address, Booth was a very popular figure both on and off the cricket field.\"\n\n**1917**\n\n\"In the annual report \u2013 issued in January 1918 \u2013 it was stated that \u00a35,000 of the Club's funds had been placed in 5 per cent War Loan, in addition to \u00a31,000 of the Players' Investment Fund. The balance sheet showed receipts to the amount of \u00a31,724, members' subscriptions coming to \u00a31,204. There was a deficit on the year of \u00a367 18s 9d. During the summer the services of the county players, when available, were again utilised for the purposes of assisting local clubs, and, judging from the many expressions of appreciation received, the committee feel that much good was done for the game in general besides materially helping various War charities.\"\n\n_Wisden_ carries reports and scores of three matches played by Yorkshire in August, one of them against the Bradford League. \"Thoroughly representative, the Bradford League would have included Hobbs and Woolley, as well as Barnes, J. W. Hearne and Llewellyn, but an injury kept Hobbs out of the game, and Woolley could not get leave from his military duties... The proceeds went to the Wounded Soldiers' Comforts Fund.\"\n\nClubs in the Bradford League continued to employ professionals throughout the war and games attracted big crowds: on a Saturday in July 1916, there was a crowd of 4,800 at Undercliffe, whose professional was the former Hampshire allrounder C. B. Llewellyn.\n\n**1918**\n\n\"During the summer of 1918, the same plan was followed as in the previous year, the county players being freely utilised in assisting local clubs and taking part in charity matches.\"\n\n_Wisden_ has a section headed \"Holiday matches in Yorkshire\" giving details of seven games. In the first, against Yorkshire Council at Sheffield on Whit Monday and Tuesday in May, \"Hirst and Rhodes both batted in their old form.\" The other six matches were played in August.\n\nAt Scarborough, \"Mr Arthur Sellers, whose last appearance in cricket above the club class had been for Yorkshire against the Australians in 1899, captained the county side in the absence of Lord Hawke, and showed that he had not forgotten how to bat\"; he scored 31.\n\nAt Bradford, against An England XI, Percy Holmes and the Leeds captain F. W. Elam, who played two matches for the county in 1900 and 1902, enjoyed an opening partnership of 183. Opening for Capt P. F. Warner's XI against the Bradford League, \"Hobbs easily outshone all the other batsmen.\" He top-scored twice with 70 and 22: \"In his second innings he was unlucky in having his wicket thrown down by George Gunn from deep square leg, in attempting a second run.\"\n\n**1919**\n\n\"Yorkshire won the Championship, but the result hung in the balance right up to the finish. On Saturday, August 30, Yorkshire and Kent were engaged in their last matches. After a blank day Yorkshire, still further hampered by rain, could not force a win against Sussex at Brighton, and Kent just failed to beat Middlesex at Lord's. Had they won, Kent would have secured the Championship. Having regard to Yorkshire's longer programme [26 matches] the actual result was all for the best, but the fact must be borne in mind that Kent [14 matches] met no weak opponents.\" Whereas Yorkshire did, _Wisden_ might have added.\n\nSpectators were reminded of the halcyon prewar days of Hirst and Rhodes. \"George Hirst opened the season in batting form that was nothing less than astonishing... This standard was far too high to be kept up, but later in the season he played many a useful innings.\" As for Rhodes: \"In such a run-getting season his record in county matches of 142 wickets for less than 12\u00bd runs each was remarkable indeed.\"\n\nWhile Booth's death in the war was noted, it was not until June 1919 that James Rothery, who played 150 matches for Yorkshire between 1903 and 1910, lost his long battle in a Leeds hospital against injuries sustained while serving as a private with the East Kent Regiment (The Buffs).\n\n* * *\n\nMajor William Booth | July 1, 1916\n\n---|---\n\nFairfax Gill | November 1, 1917\n\nJames William Rothery | June 2, 1919\n\n**Cambridge University**\n\nThe weather played a big part in the Varsity Match at Lord's in July 1914, and Cambridge lost by 194 runs when, caught on a drying pitch, they were dismissed for 73 on the final afternoon.\n\nThree of the Cambridge team were killed in the war. At the top of the order, Alban Arnold, who had already played for Hampshire, fell at the Somme in July 1916; \"He would probably have developed into a cricketer of very high class,\" according to his obituary.\n\n\"Among the bowlers of the team G. B. Davies stood alone. In such a dry summer, his record of 45 wickets for less than 15 runs apiece was remarkable. Combining a high delivery with good length and plenty of headwork, he deserved all his success.\" He was more than a bowler: he hit two centuries for Essex at the end of the season before going off with the Essex Regt to France, where he was killed in September 1915. _Wisden_ said in his obituary: \"There can be but little doubt that, but for the War, he would have developed into an England player.\"\n\nAnother bowler, Kenneth Woodroffe, perished in May 1915 at Neuve-Chappelle, two months before his brother Sidney, who won a posthumous VC; a third brother, Leslie, died in 1916.\n\n_Wisden 1915_ gave the names of the Cambridge \"officers\" for that year with the proviso \"(If in residence.)\" R. B. Lagden was to be captain, but it was as Capt Reginald Bousfield Lagden, of the Rifle Brigade, that he won the MC. He did survive the war, although he lost his elder brother, Ronald Owen, in 1915; the two brothers had been on opposite sides in the 1912 Varsity Match. (Reginald was still only 51 when he was killed in a plane crash in 1944.)\n\nDavies was listed as due to be hon. secretary but, as noted above, perished in 1915.\n\nHowever, a surprising number of players from 1914 returned to Fenner's in 1919. _Wisden 1920_ explained: \"The Cambridge authorities approached the resumption of first-class cricket with a good deal of apprehension, no one having at the beginning of the year even a remote idea as to the players who would be in residence. So dubious was the outlook that when the season's fixtures were arranged in February, the match with Oxford at Lord's was marked provisional. However, everything turned out well.\"\n\nNo fewer than five Blues from before the war returned to Cambridge after a gap of five years to continue their studies and their cricket. First-class cricket resumed on May 21 with a match against the Australian Imperial Forces team.\n\nTen of the Cambridge side lived at least into their sixties, the exception being the Hon. F. S. G. Calthorpe, who died in 1935, aged 43, five years after captaining England in a Test series in the West Indies. His _Wisden_ obituary refers to his war service in the RAF, and mysteriously suggests he would have captained Cambridge in 1919 \"had not the letter of invitation miscarried\". In the event, the strong batting side was led by J. F. S. Morrison, and won four first-class matches but lost to Oxford.\n\n**Oxford University**\n\n_Wisden 1915_ concluded its review of Oxford's 1914 season: \"In view of the War it is idle to speculate as to the future, but, all being well, the three freshmen, Knight, Howell and Bristowe, may do much for Oxford.\"\n\nDonald Knight celebrated his 21st birthday on May 12, 1915, when he was a precocious _Wisden_ Cricketer of the Year. The profile ended: \"Soon after the War broke out he joined the 28th London Regiment (The Artists).\" The 1917 _Wisden_ devoted a page to The Artists' Rifles Cricket Club, setting out Knight's full record of 25 innings in which he scored 1,478 runs: \"Sergeant D. J. Knight, of Surrey, was the crack batsman.\" He returned in 1919 to win another Blue, five years after his first, and played twice for England in the first two Ashes Tests of 1921.\n\nMiles Howell also returned in 1919, when he captained Oxford and hit 170 in the Varsity Match, and played alongside Knight for Surrey.\n\nOrme Bristowe, too, survived the war, but played no first-class cricket after 1914; he had served as a Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers. He had a weak heart which finally gave out while he was on a shooting expedition, ironically, in Lincolnshire at Christmas 1938.\n\nWilliam Boswell, who batted at No. 8 for Oxford in the 1914 Varsity Match, fell at the Somme in July 1916, and wicketkeeper Edward Shaw was killed in France three months later, one of three sons of the Bishop of Buckingham to die.\n\nCharles Rucker lost a leg in the war but returned in 1919 to be secretary of the club. A brother, Robin, who was in the RAF, died of wounds in 1918 a month before the Armistice, aged 19.\n\nIt was another brother, Patrick, who in 1919 opened the bowling against the Gentlemen of England in The Parks on May 12 \u2013 thereby delivering the first ball in first-class cricket in England after the war. Twenty years later came the next World War: he joined the Royal Sussex Regiment in 1939 and was killed at Dunkirk on May 20, 1940, aged 40.\n\n**Public Schools**\n\n**1914**\n\nThe Eton v Harrow match at Lord's in July followed a disappointing Varsity Match. _Wisden_ reported: \"Whatever might have been wrong with the University Match the game between Eton and Harrow more than upheld its reputation. A sterner fight has not often been seen, and as an attraction to the public the match beat all records. In the course of the two days over 23,000 people paid for admission, the full attendances being estimated at over 38,000. As the weather from start to finish was perfect there was nothing to interfere with the enjoyment of the cricket.\" Eton won the two-day match for the fifth successive year, by four wickets. Three of the Harrow side fell in the war, while Eton suffered four losses.\n\nH. S. Altham described in his article on \"Cricket in Wartime\" in the 1940 _Wisden_ how he would always remember the day war was declared: \"The outbreak of the European War of 1914\u201318 will always be associated in my mind with Lord's. I was up there watching the Lord's Schools v The Rest match, and can remember buying an evening paper on the ground and reading in the stop-press column the opening sentences of the speech which Lord Grey was then making in the Commons, and subsequently travelling down from Waterloo to Esher, where I was staying with the Howell brothers, and seeing in the blood-red sunset over the Thames an omen of the years to come. The younger Howell, whose batting had dominated the match and for whom no honours in the game seemed unobtainable, fell in the Salient less than a year afterwards.\" John Howell scored 82 and 78 not out, taking The Rest to victory by two wickets.\n\nE. B. Noel's review of \"Public School Cricket in 1914\", which covers 22 pages in the 1915 _Wisden_ , begins: \"Public school cricket had in 1914 a most successful time... There were a number of good sides and some outstanding boy cricketers.\"\n\nThese are among the individuals he picked out:\n\nAt Eton, R. D. Crossman was the \"most attractive\" batsman; he was killed in France just weeks before the end of the war, having won the MC.\n\nThe Winchester captain, G. B. Eden, \"might easily become first-class... he is still young, and in ordinary circumstances would have been captain again next year, but I am told that he has received a commission\". He appears to have survived the war, but little is known of him, other than that he played a game at Lord's in August 1917 for W. D. K. Thellusson's XI against G. A. Rotherham's XI.\n\nAt Harrow, N. A. Jessopp \"is quite young and as he gets taller and stronger should develop into a really fine bowler\". He played twice for MCC in 1919 before emigrating; he died in South Africa in 1977, aged 78.\n\nThe Westminster captain, D. G. Veitch, \"was a tower of strength to the side all through the term\". 2nd Lt Dallas Gerald Le Doux Veitch was 19 when he was killed in August 1916.\n\nG. V. Hinds, captain of Charterhouse, \"was a courageous bat\". He died in Kent in 1963, but there is no record of him playing after the war.\n\nAt Rugby, J. S. Poole, \"a good left-handed bowler, was unable to play against Marlborough\". His obituary appeared in the 1916 _Wisden_ \u2013 but see his entry in this book under deaths in 1915: he actually died in July 1966. A team-mate, E. O. Champion, who \"bowls very slow, and tosses the ball up very high\", was killed in 1917, aged 21.\n\nMarlborough \"had a quite useful Eleven\" under their captain R. D. Busk, who was to play a couple of games for Hampshire in 1919. There were four \"really promising\" newcomers: E. K. M. Paul, S. H. Clarke, H. G. B. Jordan and H. Cowan. As a batsman, Paul \"suffered from nerves\", but he was to play in the team for two more years, and was captain in 1916; 2nd Lt Ernest Kenneth Moncreiff Paul was killed in France in April 1918, aged 20, winning a posthumous MC. Capt Sydney Herbert Clarke died of wounds in September 1917, also aged 20, having been awarded an MC and Bar. Henry Jordan played a single match for Derbyshire in 1926, being dismissed for a pair, and died in 1981, aged 83. We do not know what happened to Cowan. At Cheltenham, H. L. H. Du Boulay, \"who ought to captain the School for the next two years, had the remarkable average of 56. For a boy of his age he is a batsman far above the ordinary, and it is not too much to say that with ordinary luck, he might develop into a very great cricketer.\" The luckless Lt Hubert Lionel Houssemayne Du Boulay, who left school and gained his commission, was killed in action in September 1916, aged 19.\n\nClifton had two members \"of quite outstanding ability\", G. W. E. Whitehead and S. B. Morgan. In its obituary of Lt George William Edendale Whitehead, who was killed in October 1918, aged 23, less than a month from the end of the war, _Wisden_ stated that he \"was a perfect flower of the public schools\"; like many school leavers, he had joined the Army instead of taking up a place at university. 2nd Lt Stephen Beverley Morgan was only 19 when he was killed in May 1915, his obituary confirming: \"He was a most promising all-round cricketer.\"\n\nHaileybury's outstanding player was H. D. Hake, who was captain for a third year. Born in 1894, he served in the war and went to Cambridge in 1919 where, although he did not get his Blue, he played against the 1921 Australians; he later had 21 matches for Hampshire. He returned to Haileybury as a master and was later headmaster at a school in Sydney, Australia, where he died in 1975, aged 80.\n\nIn C. J. Capes, \"Malvern have a boy who ought to become a first-class bowler\". For once, _Wisden_ 's speculation was not entirely misplaced: Capes went on to play 33 first-class matches for Kent, taking 55 wickets at 25.10. But he was only 35 when he died in 1933 in Ospedaletti, Italy.\n\nAt Repton, John Howell was considered to be \"certainly the outstanding school cricketer\". Noel wrote: \"The strokes of a MacLaren, the grace of a Palairet, will never be his, but given the opportunity there is no doubt that as a sound and run-getting batsman he must surely take a high place in first-class cricket.\" He was not given the opportunity: 2nd Lt John Howell, as Altham indicated, was killed in Flanders in September 1915. The obituary heaped praise amid the palpable sense of loss: \"Among all the young cricketers who have fallen in the War, not one of brighter promise than John Howell can be named. Judging from his wonderful record at Repton it is not too much to say that he was potentially an England batsman. But for the War he would have been at Oxford last year and would no doubt have been seen in the Surrey Eleven at The Oval. Born on July 5, 1895, he was only 20 when he lost his life.\"\n\nUppingham's captain, R. A. T. Miller, was \"dangerous... with plenty of shots and possibilities\". He served in the Royal Warwickshire Regt and survived the Great War to keep wicket for Sussex in 12 matches in 1919. But Major Robert Alexander Tamplin (\"Rajah\") Miller was on the General List in WW2 and died at Aden on July 10, 1941, aged 45, unnoticed by _Wisden_.\n\nOf all the promising schoolboy players in 1914, A. E. R. Gilligan, captain of Dulwich and \"the mainstay of the side\", went on to fulfil the highest hopes with Sussex and England. His younger brother, A. H. H., who hit the highest individual score (190) for Dulwich, also achieved honours at the top level.\n\nNoel picked out two players in concluding his review: \"Dover and Lancing had two fine cricketers in R. A. Dallas-Brooks and G. H. Heslop... Public school cricketers have nobly answered the country's call, and the great majority of these who were going to the Universities are serving.\"\n\nDallas-Brooks joined the Royal Marines from Dover College on his 18th birthday in August 1914 and, despite being severely wounded at Gallipoli in 1915, survived the war with the DSO for his work in the 1918 Zeebrugge Raid. He played for the Royal Navy, Hampshire and Combined Services, and in WW2 was Director-General (Military) of the Political Warfare Executive. General Sir Reginald Alexander Dallas-Brooks then served as Governor of Victoria from 1949 to 1963, and died in Australia in 1966, aged 69.\n\nCapt George Henry Heslop won a place at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1914, but instead enlisted in the Public Schools Battalion of the Middlesex Regt; he was killed on July 1, 1916, the first day of the Somme, aged 21. His obituary said: \"He was perhaps the most promising young all-round cricketer who had yet to appear in a first-class match.\"\n\n**1915**\n\nNoel's review in the 1916 _Wisden_ is reduced to ten pages. He begins: \"A good deal of public school cricket was played in 1915, and quite rightly, though, of course, in very different conditions from usual. Some schools played their ordinary school matches, others played no matches against schools, some again had one-day games with schools they had not played before. The great school match of the year, Eton and Harrow, was abandoned, the series thus being broken for the first time since 1858, and other school matches usually played at Lord's were decided on the school grounds...\n\n\"Other parts of Wisden testify to the services that public school cricketers have done for their country. The list shows how great is the number of famous cricketers and of those of great promise who have given their lives for the Empire.\"\n\nMasters as well as boys had been killed. \"Harrow cricket has suffered a grievous loss in the death of two masters, Mr Charles Eyre and Mr R. O. Lagden, who have given their lives for the country... The loss of two such fine men and good masters will be most severely felt.\"\n\nNoel ends his review by noting that \"Askham is probably an exceptional boy cricketer \u2013 he met with astonishing success as a bowler and is a fine batsman too\". Sydney Thomas Askham had already played five matches for Northamptonshire in August 1914 while still at Wellingborough Grammar School, when only 17. He was killed near Thiepval in August 1916, aged 19.\n\n**1916**\n\nThe world was indeed changing, and Noel muses that country-house cricket involving schoolboys is unlikely ever to be the same again. A big change in 1916 was that much public school cricket was played in the holidays rather than in term-time. \"In the heyday of country-house cricket in the '90s, a boy in the South of England could certainly have played cricket every week and probably every day from August 1 to September 14. Those days are gone, perhaps never to return, and the matches of the kind which were played this year will supply a much-needed want.\"\n\nThe major game played in the holiday period was when The Lord's Schools played The Rest at Lord's in August, and Noel gives a full report.\n\nAlthough the standard of cricket had understandably slipped, a number of schools played against the Artists' Rifles OTC, which contained Donald Knight among others, and proved \"a tough nut indeed for any public schools side\".\n\n**1917**\n\n\"Public school cricket played an even larger part in the cricket of the year than in the two preceding seasons,\" wrote Noel in his opening comments in the 1918 _Wisden_. Military teams were playing the schools, and MCC was able to fulfil more fixtures.\n\nAfter two blank years without a photographic plate of Cricketers of the Year, _Wisden_ illustrated Five School Bowlers of the Year: G. T. S. Stevens (University College School), J. D'E. E. Firth (Winchester), C. H. Gibson (Eton), G. A. Rotherham (Rugby) and H. L. Calder (Cranleigh School). All are profiled by Noel, and the first four all went on to play first-class cricket \u2013 Stevens also for England. Noel writes of the fifth, Calder, that he was the son of an old Hampshire cricketer who came to Cranleigh from South Africa in 1915 and headed the bowling averages in each of three years. He was to play in the school team for five years in all, and had a game for Surrey Second Eleven in the 1920 Minor Counties Championship before returning to South Africa. Apparently, Harry Lawton Calder knew nothing of his honour until he was tracked down in a Cape Town nursing home in 1994. He died the following year, aged 94, when he was the oldest surviving Cricketer of the Year; he remains the youngest ever to be nominated, and the only man not to have played first-class cricket.\n\n**1918**\n\nIn the 1919 _Wisden_ , Five Public School Cricketers of the Year were named: A. C. Gore (Eton), A. P. F. Chapman (Uppingham), N. E. Partridge (Malvern), P. W. Adams (Cheltenham) and L. P. Hedges (Tonbridge). Chapman was to enjoy an outstanding career, and all played first-class cricket, although Adams had just one match, for Sussex in 1922.\n\n**1919**\n\nWhen the 1920 _Wisden_ was published, the public schools section ended with a list \u2013 \"always a feature of Wisden's before the war\" \u2013 of boys who would be \"in residence\" at Oxford and Cambridge. No longer would their next destination be Flanders.\n\n**Australia**\n\n**Wisden 1916**\n\n\"The shadow of the War affected Australian cricket to some extent in the season of 1914-15, but the competition for the Sheffield Shield was duly carried through. Victoria won for the first time since 1907-08, but they only beat New South Wales by a fraction on the average of runs for and against, their figures coming out at 26.85 as against 25.01.\n\n\"For their success they were mainly indebted to their new left-handed bowler, Ironmonger, who did splendid work. In four matches he took 32 wickets at a cost of 17.15 each. A man of very powerful build and having the easiest of deliveries, he can, it is said, bowl all day without tiring.\"\n\nSix matches were played in the Sheffield Shield, and the scorecards appear in _Wisden_. There were four other state matches outside the Shield, which are not reported. The game between NSW and Queensland at Sydney in February 1915 was the last first-class match in Australia until December 26, 1918, when Victoria played NSW at Melbourne in the first of three inter-state games; however, the Sheffield Shield did not resume until December 1919.\n\nBut for the war, the Australians would have toured England in 1917. \"The Australian players who did sail to Europe wore khakis instead of whites,\" wrote Max Bonnell in an article headed \"The Invisibles\" in the seventh edition of _Wisden Australia_ (2004-05). It is a fascinating piece of \"what if?\" history. \"Let us assume, in choosing the 1917 Australian team which never was, that every player was fit, available and in form, and that the selectors made no colossal blunders. Given all that, they would have ranked among the most powerful sides ever assembled.\"\n\nBert Ironmonger, so successful in 1914-15, would have been 35 in 1917; as it was, he had to wait until he was 46 before starting his short, but highly successful, Test career. After recognising the \"reckless bravery\" of Jack Massie, Bonnell continues with \"the tantalising maybes, the unfulfilled talents who, but for the war, might now be remembered as great cricketers. Norman Callaway was 19 when he played his only game for New South Wales in 1915. He went in at three for 17 and the score would have been five for 58 had Macartney not been dropped first ball. Callaway, a nuggety country boy, thrashed 207 in even time, playing all his strokes as if time was running out. It was: that was Callaway's only first-class innings. A few weeks after his 21st birthday he was blasted into the mud near Bullecourt in France, his remains never recovered. There is no telling what he might have done. But he was the most exciting raw talent to emerge in Australia since Victor Trumper.\" This tribute is the nearest Callaway gets to an obituary in _Wisden_.\n\nBonnell goes on to mention two doctors who served in France, Eric Barbour and Owen Rock. Comparing Barbour with Callaway, he writes: \"A more sophisticated cricketer was Eric Barbour, a doctor who may have been the most intelligent man ever to play for NSW. His technique was flawless and his temperament unflappable. A youthful prodigy, Barbour scored his first two first-class centuries while still at school, and was averaging 51 until war broke out when he was 24. He survived the war but his cricket career did not, and he left the first-class game upon returning from service in Europe.\n\n\"Owen Rock, another doctor who served in France, was even less fortunate. Caught in the boggy mud of no-man's land, he suffered terrible damage to his right knee. Barely able to run, he returned to cricket after the war with a remodelled technique, in which his back foot scarcely moved and he tried to score in boundaries. Because of his weak fielding he played only six first-class games, in which he thumped 758 runs at an average of 94. What might he have done in 1917, a 20-year-old with two good legs?\"\n\nThe \"tantalising maybes\" continue: \"There were others, too, whose frustrated careers might have flourished. Claude Tozer was an immaculate opener, who survived dreadful war wounds only to be shot in 1920 by a thwarted lover. Roy Park was a neat Victorian batsman whose one Test innings, after the war, lasted precisely one ball. And Roy Minnett was a graceful all-rounder whose potential was never quite realised in his nine Tests before the war.\"\n\nBonnell concludes: \"It is difficult to assess the strength of Australia's batting in 1917 because there are so many imponderables. But it would have been nothing less than outstanding... One thing is certain: Armstrong's 1917 line-up is the greatest team the world never saw.\"\n\nA glimpse of Australia's strength was seen in 1919 when the Australian Imperial Forces team enjoyed a successful tour of the UK, playing 32 matches, mostly over three days, unlike the two days of the County Championship that season. But England were not to feel the full might of Australia's powers until losing eight successive Ashes Tests between December 1920 and July 1921.\n\n**Rest of the world**\n\n_Wisden 1916_ does not report the four Plunket Shield matches and the other five first-class matches in New Zealand in 1914-15; they marked the last matches there until first-class cricket resumed on Christmas Day, 1917, with the first of seven games between the districts. A year later, in the month after the Armistice, the Plunket Shield was resumed.\n\nIn India, two matches were played in the Bombay Quadrangular Tournament in September 1914; the final between Hindus and Parsees was abandoned because of the monsoon season. The tournament continued throughout the war years; an innovation in 1917 was the use of neutral umpires, and the games were also moved to December to avoid the monsoons.\n\nThere were a handful of other matches in India. In December 1915, a first-class match was played between \"India and England\" at Bombay in aid of the Women's Branch of the Bombay Presidency War and Relief Fund. Thanks to a double-century by Hampshire's John Greig, who was born in India, and a hundred by Kenneth Goldie, who was born in Burma, played for Sussex, and died in Madras in 1938, England declared at 568 for 10 (it was a 12-a-side match) and won by an innings and 263 runs. The England captain was Lord Willingdon, a former Sussex player who was then the Governor of Bombay; he was later Governor General and Viceroy of India.\n\nIn March 1918, Lord Willingdon's XI played the Maharaja of Cooch-Behar's XI at the Willingdon Sports Club, Bombay; while his lordship did not take part in this game, the Maharaja made his single first-class appearance. The Maharaja's team had played the Bengal Governor's XI the previous November in a match somehow adjudged first-class, although it was a two-day game and no fewer than 13 players made their first-class debut \u2013 but it was played for charity.\n\nThere were no first-class matches in South Africa during the period of the war. The first game on resumption was in October 1919, when the Australian Imperial Forces team, on their way home from England, played Western Province at Cape Town in the first of ten matches in South Africa.\n\nThe 1917, 1918 and 1919 _Wisdens_ do not report a single first-class match; there were none, of course, in England, and the Almanack did not look beyond its shores.\n\nH. S. Altham, in his article on \"Cricket in Wartime\" ( _Wisden 1940_ ), tells of cricket in France in 1918: \"In this summer a little cricket was even played in France, principally at Etaples, where the old Essex player, Charles McGahey, looked after some very respectable matting wickets. I remember one afternoon match in particular which included quite a galaxy of stars \u2013 Johnny Douglas, Nigel Haig, Dick Twining, Harry Longman, Donald Knight and poor Reggie Schwarz, who died of influenza just after the armistice. That fine batsman, Colonel H. S. Bush, motored some 100 miles from 2nd Army HQ at St Omer, hit a beautiful four and then off an equally good hit fell to a miraculous catch by Knight at cover, and motored back again.\n\n\"The game was also played in the Near East where I believe Rockley Wilson bowled the same length as he has bowled everywhere else; but Bernard Darwin at Salonika stuck to golf.\"\n\nCricket actually flourished in Holland during the war, thanks to the men who went early on to defend the neutral country's borders and were then cut off after the defeat of the Allied Forces near Zeebrugge. According to _The Story of Continental Cricket_ , the officers who were interned near Scheveningen enjoyed sufficient freedom on parole to join Dutch clubs and take part in league competitions. By 1918 the officers entered two teams of their own in the first division and one in the second, playing under the banner of \"Prisoners of War\". Among them were J. C. W. MacBryan of Somerset and G. E. V. Crutchley of Middlesex. The only drawback for Dutch cricket was that with such strong \"foreign\" cricketers on the scene, many young homegrown players were denied the chance to develop.\n\nCricket, unlike football, has no stories to tell of fraternal matches with the enemy. But officers and other ranks played impromptu games among themselves in any rare moments of opportunity, as Capt Hugh Butterworth demonstrates. Educated at Marlborough and Oxford, he went out to teach in New Zealand. When in due course he served in the trenches with the Rifle Brigade, he wrote regular letters back to his pupils in Wanganui. On July 5, 1915, he wrote, in his typical self-deprecating style, which has hints of P. G. Wodehouse: \"Yesterday, being Sunday, we went forth on nags to the Oxford and Bucks. Having lunched \u2013 we played cricket! A wonderful pitch of course [he uses sarcasm] but great fun. We made 96, the Wanganui willow-welder [sic] taking a scratchin quintette. It was terrifically hot. Then they journeyed to the wickets and Butterworth (not captain I may say) bowled unchanged and snaffled seven wickets. They beat us by two wickets. We then returned 'au gallop' to our billets.\"\n\nButterworth was among the cohorts of cricketers who played up and played their final games for their country on the bumpiest pitches of all. He was killed in Flanders on September 25, 1915, aged 29.\n\n_Many civilians rounded up in Germany at the start of the war, together with merchant seamen from boats stranded in German harbours, spent years at the Ruhleben prisoner of war camp by Spandau, near Berlin. Internees formed their own cricket league \u2013 matches included a Ruhleben XI v Varsities XI and Lancashire v Yorkshire._\n\n#### Wisden's Roll of Honour\n\nBenny Green, in his Introduction to the _Wisden Book of Obituaries_ , which covered the years from 1892 \u2013 when _Wisden_ first ran a full obituary section \u2013 until 1985, explained why he omitted about one-fifth of the 8,614 notices that appeared in _Wisden_ in that period.\n\nHe stated: \"When the Great War brought its wholesale slaughter of junior officers, the duties of the editors became at once shocking and overwhelming. In the absence of any first-class cricket, _Wisden_ for four years was little more than a catalogue of death. And, understandably convulsed with grief at the endless lists of the slain pouring in from Flanders, the editors appear to have resolved to bestow on as many young men as possible a sort of immortality which bore no relationship to what they had done on the field of play. It was as though some subaltern, blown to pieces within a year or two of leaving school, must at least be endowed with the limited life to be found in the pages of the Almanack.\n\n\"An analysis of those 8,614 deaths discloses the appalling statistic that ever since _Wisden_ began recording the deaths of cricketers, one in every eight of the obsequies was brought about by events on the Western Front. However, if the non-first-class entrants are dropped from the list, the carnage, although obscene, seems not quite as extensive. Some young men were accorded the due solemnity of an interment in the pages of _Wisden_ on the strength of once having scored 50 for their school or taken six wickets in an inter-regimental match. These brave men, cheated though they were of life, hardly belong in a record-book whose avowed aim is to record the feats and fates of first-class cricketers.\"\n\nThe wartime _Wisdens_ are indeed \"a catalogue of death\", but they form a valedictory \"Roll of Honour\" of the men, many only just out of school, who laid down their lives for their country. Green was correct in suggesting that the lists represent \"an interment in the pages of _Wisden_ \". The names of the dead do indeed lie buried in the many pages, like the words on gravestones in a cemetery. Just as the bare details of dates inscribed on a headstone tell us little of the life and works of the person buried, _Wisden_ 's brief obituaries, especially those which only recite the achievements on a school cricket ground, reveal little about a man who has made the ultimate sacrifice in the service of his country. Also, some poor typography in the long lists of the dead serves to obfuscate the names further, like lichen on a headstone.\n\nThe Roll of Honour which follows strives to set the record straight.\n\nAll the names have been checked, and in almost every case it has been possible to give full first names where originally there were only initials. With almost 1,800 obituaries over the six years of 1914 to 1919, mistakes were inevitable, and these have been corrected. As examples, the first military casualty alphabetically in _Wisden 1915_ is Capt Daniel Auchinleck, whose name was wrongly given as Auckinleck, and 2nd Lt Percy Braidford, who was killed in 1917, was listed in _Wisden_ as \"Bradford\". Double-barrelled names were commonly the cause of confusion. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) website is a vital source of information, but it requires an exact name when searching.\n\nWhere possible, an age is added, with the caveat that here the CWGC may mislead, for example, by giving the age of a man born in 1895 and dying in 1915 as 20 regardless of the months of birth and death.\n\n**Band of brothers**\n\nExtra information given in this book often refers to brothers who also fell. In some cases, brothers are listed in _Wisden_ in adjacent entries, such as Lts Edmund and William Mortimer, who were killed within two months of each other in 1915. 2nd Lt George Stranger was killed in April 1918, and his brother, Capt Harry Stranger, died of wounds the next month; but their adjacent obituaries do not mention a third brother, Frank, who was killed in March \u2013 the three dying within seven weeks of each other.\n\nOthers are listed years apart, such as 2nd Lt the Hon Vere Douglas Boscawen, who appears in the 1915 _Wisden_ , and his brother, Major the Hon George Edward Boscawen, whose death is recorded in the 1919 almanack.\n\nThere are instances of three brothers dying, but only two with _Wisden_ obituaries: among them are the Shaws, sons of the Bishop of Buckingham, and the Belchers, whose father was vicar of Bramley in Hampshire and whose own obituary appeared in 1920 on the strength of his Oxford Blue in 1870.\n\nTwo brothers who are listed together are 2nd Lts Kenneth and Sidney Woodroffe, who were killed in May and July 1915 \u2013 Sidney \"while showing such bravery that he was awarded the VC\". Another brother, Leslie, also had a _Wisden_ obituary after his death the following year. They, and the Lindsays, are the only sets of three brothers who all had _Wisden_ obituaries.\n\nBrig-Gen Roland Boys Bradford, killed in 1917, is another VC winner with a _Wisden_ obituary. His brother George also won the VC \u2013 the only pair of brothers to win the highest honour in WW1 \u2013 but he did not get an obituary after his death in 1918, and neither did a third brother, James, recipient of the MC, who fell in 1917. A fourth sporting brother, \"Tommie\", who won the DSO, lived to be 80 and was the best cricketer of them all, also was not honoured with a _Wisden_ obituary after his death in 1966. All four brothers were keen cricketers, but they lacked a university education: instead, it was said of them that \"No vision of double firsts at Oxford or Cambridge floated before their eyes; W. G. Grace was a greater hero to them than any scholar dead or living! The sound of a ball against a bat was to them the sweetest of all sounds. And to hit a half-volley plumb in the middle of the bat was the most delightful of all sensations.\"\n\n_Wisden_ did not catch up with the death of Lt Douglas Brown, who died of wounds in April 1917, until 1920. The next entry is his brother Capt Kenneth Brown, who died in April 1918. Their obituaries do not record that they were brothers \u2013 nor that a third brother, Eric, had died in the same month as Douglas, and another, Gerald, the day after Kenneth, so there were four brothers who died within a year of each other. Their broken-hearted parents organised a memorial window in St Michael's Church, Highworth, Wiltshire, to their \"beloved sons\", but died shortly after the end of the war themselves.\n\nThe obituary of Cpl William Twynam, killed in April 1915, leads to the discovery of another set of four brothers who died. John and Mary Twynam, of Soberton in Hampshire, lost four sons and a son-in-law, as a plaque in the parish church reveals. William played his cricket in Canada, but it must be likely that the other sons from the manor house would also have been cricketers.\n\nThere are examples in _Wisden_ , once the connections are made, of pairs of brothers who fell on the same day. Pte Albert Mears of the Canadian Infantry, listed in _Wisden_ 1918, was killed on May 3, 1917, but his brother Leonard, who died on the same day, does not have an obituary. They are among almost 200 Canadian soldiers, many of them born in Britain like Cpl Twynam, who are commemorated in _Wisden_. Arthur Jaques, who bowled leg-theory with great success for Hampshire in 1914, was killed in France on September 27, 1915, and his brother Joseph fell in the same action on the same day.\n\nThe death of Patsy Hendren's brother John Michael, who was killed in action at Delville Wood in July 1916, not only meant the loss of a potential great cricketer, but may well have had an effect on the England player's own performances after the war. He was one of the 1920 _Wisden_ 's Five Batsmen of the Year, and the portrait of him begins: \"Elias Hendren, the Middlesex batsman, will always have the pleasantest memories of the season of 1919.\" Not entirely pleasant, perhaps: surely, he must have dedicated some of his centuries to his lost brother in that first season after the war.\n\nThere are other family connections that span two world wars. Major Lord Bernard Charles Gordon-Lennox, of the Grenadier Guards, was killed in action in the early days of the war in November 1914. His widow, Lady Evelyn, was killed on Sunday, June 18, 1944, aged 66, when a flying bomb hit the Guards Chapel at London's Wellington Barracks during a service, killing 121 soldiers and civilians, and seriously injuring 141 others. A memorial plaque to her husband was lost when the chapel was destroyed.\n\nA family connection is discovered between two men whose obituaries lie just three pages apart in _Wisden 1918_. 2nd Lt John Gleed and Capt Charles Harvey, who died within two months of each other, were brothers-in-law. They appear together in an unusual stained-glass window dressed as medieval knights, but with photographic images of their faces.\n\nLooking beyond the war, 2nd Lt Henry Jephson Hilary died of wounds on June 2, 1917, aged 42. A brother, Robert Jephson Hilary, died on March 15, 1937, aged 44, with an obituary in _Wisden 1938_ which stated that his death was caused by \"pneumonia, an illness due, probably, to the effect of a bullet through his lung during the war\".\n\n**Literary connections**\n\nThe best-known name is that of Rupert Brooke, who headed Rugby School's bowling averages in 1906 and, as his obituary in _Wisden 1916_ stated, \"had gained considerable reputation as a poet\". But there are many connections to be found within the world of literature.\n\n_Wisden_ 's obituary of 2nd Lt George Llewelyn Davies, who fell in action in 1915, focuses on his bowling for Eton in 1912. His \"new\" obituary here tells how George was one of the five brothers taken under the wing of J. M. Barrie who were the inspiration for characters in _Peter Pan._\n\nR. C. Sherriff, a captain in the East Surrey Regt, set his play _Journey's End_ (1928) in \"a dugout in the British trenches before St Quentin\", covering the four days from March 18 to 21, 1918. A fellow officer, Lt-Col Lawrence Le Fleming, who had played for Kent, was killed on the last of those days.\n\nThe widow of Capt Cyril Rattigan, who was killed in November 1916, may well have sparked a love of the theatre in their nephew, Terence, when she took the six-year-old to a show. Before he became a playwright, Terence played for Harrow, like his uncle and his father, entitling him to an obituary in _Wisden 1978_ , which gave his cricket a mixed review: \"He was an elegant strokeplayer, but unsound.\"\n\nIn September 1915, John Buchan dedicated his novel _The Thirty-Nine Steps_ to a close friend belonging to the Nelson publishing family. He wrote to him: \"My Dear Tommy... I should like to put your name on it, in memory of our long friendship, in these days when the wildest fictions are so much less improbable than the truth.\" In an extraordinary coincidence, Buchan's words about improbability came true when Capt Thomas Nelson was killed at Arras on April 9, 1917 \u2013 and on the same day, Buchan's brother Alastair was killed in the same battle.\n\nThe full horror of Capt Arthur Samson's death on the battlefield at Loos in September 1915 is graphically described by Robert Graves in _Goodbye to All That_ ; he was shot 17 times and forced his knuckles into his mouth to prevent himself shouting and attracting men to make a futile rescue attempt.\n\nBy contrast, 2nd Lt Gilbert Carre was killed instantly by a bullet through the heart in November 1917. The novelist Alan Thomas wrote of Carre's death at Cambrai in his 1968 autobiography _A Life Apart_ : \"There was hardly any trace of the wound on his uniform, beyond a small hole. His eyes were closed and his features were calm and unaltered.\" Thomas then describes at some length the general's irritation with a padre who wanted to repeat the funeral ordinances when Carre was one of five officers to be buried.\n\n**Onward Christian soldiers**\n\nGilbert Carre was the third son of the former rector of Smarden in Kent to be killed; all three are commemorated on the village memorial. They are typical of the many men brought up in vicarages and rectories who went off to war.\n\nClergymen themselves responded to the call to arms, and Kent's clergy appear to have been a special breed. The first that parishioners of the village of Frittenden knew of their rector's departure to France was a letter written in July 1915. The Rev Rupert Inglis told his flock: \"I have felt that in this great crisis of the nation's history, everyone ought to do what he can to help.\" In further letters he tells of his work: \"I do not think it is generally understood at home how much the chaplains do besides their spiritual work. Many of them help to load and unload wounded men, write letters for them, collect the discs from the shattered fragments of those killed, and write the letters which carry desolation to many homes; arrange and form clubs for the men when resting, collect games, books and amusements for them, act as mess-president, help in the operating theatre, ready at all times to do anything.\" He was a member of MCC, and the club \"have sent me a splendid lot of cricket things\". In September 1916, searching in no-man's land at the Somme for wounded men, \"Rector\", as he was known by all, was killed by a shell.\n\nA month earlier, Capt the Rev William Benton was mortally wounded on the same battlefield. He was curate-in-charge at Bearsted, a village only a dozen miles from Frittenden, but he was a combatant who had originally enlisted in the Royal Marines before deserting and serving with the Australian Artillery in the South African War, and then worked among the leper settlement on Robben Island. He decided to return to Britain and faced a court martial for desertion, where he was granted the King's pardon. After finding a theological college prepared to accept him, he eventually arrived in Bearsted. Somehow, he managed to play a couple of games for Middlesex in May 1913, aged 39.\n\nThe declaration of war offered a glorious opportunity for his adventurous spirit, and he immediately joined the forces as a chaplain in France, but it was not enough, and in April 1915 he was allowed by the ecclesiastical authorities to apply for a commission. He joined the Manchester Regt as a lieutenant and was made brigade sniping officer; six weeks later he was promoted to captain. Benton's death foreshadowed that of Inglis. He went out to help a wounded man, and both were shot by snipers; he died of his wounds several days later. The officer commanding 12th Manchester Regt was Major Philip Magnay, who informed Benton's widow that he made \"a magnificent fight for life\". Magnay, promoted to Lt-Col, was himself killed in April 1917: he had \"played occasionally for the Harrow XI\" and his obituary appeared in the 1918 _Wisden_.\n\nDoctors, like the clergy, were normally non-combatants, but there are instances of medical men gaining commissions and fighting in the front line.\n\n**By their own hand**\n\nA seemingly innocuous obituary can mask a deeper tragedy. Major Arthur Hughes-Onslow \u2013 \"a good bat\" for Eton in 1880 \u2013 died less than a fortnight into the war, \"taken fatally ill\" at Southampton. In fact, he shot himself on the troopship before it reached France. A noted steeplechase rider and huntsman in civilian life, he had immediately volunteered for a role as remount officer in charge of horses. But he was a veteran of the Sudan and South African campaigns, where he had experienced the horrors encountered by the horses, and he could not face the prospect of leading his charges into war again. His family did not learn the true circumstances of his death until after the war.\n\nPte Percy Hardy, who had played 99 games for Somerset, was another tormented soul. His obituary appears in the 1917 _Wisden_ under \"Other Deaths in 1916\" rather than in the Roll of Honour, since it was a suicide. The facts of his death are stark. _Wisden_ records that Hardy \"was found dead on the floor of a lavatory at King's Cross station (GNR) on March 9. His throat was cut and a blood-stained knife was by his side.\" (The detail about the Great Northern Railway strikes a curiously inappropriate note.) What mental turmoil must he have experienced to leave a widow and two children in this way, whatever the terrors of returning to the Western Front?\n\nWhether 2nd Lt Arthur Sanders, aged 19, was a victim of the war is more open to question, but he appears on the Commonwealth War Grave Commission's roll. His contribution to Somerset's total of 386 against Essex at Leyton in July 1919, in his single first-class innings, was a duck. In November 1920, having joined the Grenadier Guards, he was on guard duty at the Tower of London. There, in his quarters, he shot himself in the head with a revolver. The inquest was told he had substantial gambling debts. _Wisden_ missed his death \u2013 although it was well reported since his father was a Conservative MP \u2013 but he now gets his obituary as one among the 89 men who played first-class cricket and are listed by the CWGC, but were not memorialised in _Wisden_ at the time.\n\n**Chaos and confusion**\n\nAmid the carnage of the war, it is not surprising that Wisden made errors and omissions. Much of its information was gleaned from the lists of fatalities published in _The Times_ , and from the obituaries which bereaved families were invited to send to the paper.\n\nThe Rev Archibald Fargus was an early victim of misinformation. His obituary stated that he went down in the _Monmouth_ on November 1, 1914; in fact he had missed his train, but it was not until _Wisden_ 1917 that the premature obituary was corrected. (His actual death in 1963, aged 84, was not recorded until the 1994 almanack.)\n\nThere _was_ a 2nd Lt R. M. Chadwick who died in May 1915, but it was not the artillery officer who as a schoolboy had bowled for Rugby and scored 46 against Marlborough at Lord's in 1904. _Wisden 1920_ belatedly acknowledged: \"Mr Chadwick is happily alive and well. The mistake probably arose through some confusion of initials.\" (But when the Rev Rohan Mackenzie Chadwick's obituary did finally appear in _Wisden 1969_ , it gave the incorrect date of death.)\n\nSome men seem to have been fated to muddle. Another was Rifleman Paul Hilleard, \"a useful all-round cricketer\" who had played for Essex Second Eleven in 1914, and whose obituary appeared in _Wisden 1916_. The next year, a correction appeared stating that he had been taken prisoner \u2013 but the original obituary was correct: he was killed in action on April 24, 1915, and his name is among the 54,406 on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial.\n\nA few entries above Hilleard's obituary is one for Capt C. B. Hayes, but _Wisden 1917_ said that he \"was not the Campbell College cricketer of the same name\".\n\nAlthough _Wisden_ owned up to a few mistakes, more errors have remained buried in its pages for almost 100 years. For example, Lt C. G. Clarke was listed as dying in October 1915, and was stated to have been \"in the Bradfield Eleven in 1914, when he scored 27 runs in three innings\". But _Wisden_ had got the wrong man, because the schoolboy Clarke continued to appear in the Bradfield averages for 1915 and 1916 in subsequent _Wisdens_. The Clarke who died was no schoolboy: he was 26.\n\nThe major errors, now revealed, were to give obituaries to three men, correctly identified, who did not die in the war.\n\n2nd Lt J. S. Poole (4th King's Royal Rifle Corps) was stated to have been killed in action in the second week of May 1915, aged 19; he had played for Rugby. _The Times_ of May 21, 1915, reported him as missing, but Jack Poole did not die: he was taken prisoner. He eventually told his extraordinary life story in _Undiscovered Ends_ , which was published in 1957. It is certain he never read his obituary in the 1916 _Wisden_ , or it would have featured in his autobiography, which starts with his cricket at Rugby School. He died in a London hospital in July 1966, 50 years after his obituary appeared in _Wisden_.\n\nIt is not certain where _Wisden 1917_ got its information about the second man, and his obituary admits to the lack of detail: \"Mr George R. Alpen, one of the best-known cricketers of Belgium, has been killed in the War, but no particulars are obtainable. He was an Australian by birth.\"\n\nInformation about Belgian cricket is sketchy, since all the country's cricket records were destroyed during the Second World War, but we have traced some of George Rudolph Lamble Alpen's life. It seems he, like Poole, was also taken prisoner. Thanks to newspaper reports of his son's escape from Belgium in 1940, we know that Alpen was evacuated from Brussels in the Second World War. He returned to Australia and died at North Sydney in 1943 \u2013 some 27 years after his premature obituary.\n\nThe obituary in _Wisden 1919_ of 2nd Lt Wilfred Robert Shaw (Bedfordshire Regt), saying he was killed on March 23, 1918, states simply: \"Captain of the XI at Borlase School, Marlow.\" The regimental diary recorded him as killed, as did _The Times_ , which reported details of his life that also appeared in the Buckinghamshire newspapers. But only the local papers reported the news a few weeks later that he was in fact alive and had been taken prisoner. Wilfred Shaw was a very successful all-round sportsman and athlete at school, and perhaps this helped give him the strength to survive the heat of battle. He certainly enjoyed a long life, since he lived for another 71 years: he died on November 9, 1989, eight days short of his 92nd birthday, outliving his obituary by three score years and ten.\n\nThese are just some of the examples of the remarkable stories that can be found in the Roll of Honour.\n\n**Changes to the original obituaries include:**\n\nFull first names are given in place of initials, and the actual date of death is added if known. The information held by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is generally taken as correct.\n\nPhrases such as \"and was thus in his 36th year at the time of his death\" are omitted if the date of birth can be given; if it is not known, it states simply \"He was 35\" or \"aged 35\".\n\nRanks are abbreviated in titles as:\n\nPrivate: Pte\n\nGuardsman: Gdsmn\n\nGunner: Gnr\n\nRifleman: Rfmn\n\nTrooper: Tpr\n\nLance Corporal: L\/Cpl\n\nCorporal: Cpl\n\nSergeant: Sgt\n\nStaff Sergeant: SSgt\n\nLieutenant: Lt\n\nCaptain: Capt\n\nAdjutant: Adjt\n\nColonel: Col\n\nMentioned in Despatches: MiD Attached: Attd\n\nFirst-class (as in first-class cricket): fc\n\nLondon Gazette: LG\n\nAbbreviations are used such as \"3 Bn West Yorks Regt\" with county names shortened.\n\nDetails of performances in public school matches, for example for Eton against Harrow, are omitted if they are not of special interest, the deletion being denoted as \"...\" The details can be found in the _Wisden_ of the relevant year.\n**DEATHS IN 1914**\n\nNew information (for example, the first entry) is given throughout the obituaries in this font.\n\n* Denotes man who played first-class cricket\n\n** Denotes man who played first-class cricket but did not have an obituary in _Wisden_. This obituary is therefore new.\n\nReported in _Wisden 1915_ unless stated, eg { _W1916_ }.\n\nDeaths in the war and non-military obituaries were not separated this year.\n\n**LT-COL HENRY LAWRENCE **ANDERSON** (9th Bhopal Infantry) died of wounds on October 29 near La Gorgue, France, aged 47. He was born in Lucknow, India, on June 2, 1867, and educated at Dulwich. He played two fc matches for Europeans, both against Parsees, in 1892 and 1895. He joined the Yorkshire Light Infantry in 1888 and transferred to the Indian Army two years later.\n\nCAPT DANIEL GEORGE HAROLD **AUCHINLECK** , of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, was killed in action on October 21. He was born on September 18, 1877, and was in the Winchester XI in 1894 and 1895... He was a useful batsman and a fair bowler.\n\n_Wisden_ wrongly listed his surname as Auckinleck.\n\n2ND LT WALTER **BALSHAW** (Manchester Regt), killed on October 20, aged 24, was a good all-round cricketer who had played for Victoria University, Manchester. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT MAURICE FREDERICK **BLAKE** (King's Royal Rifles), killed September 14. New College (Oxford), Greenjackets and 60th Rifles XI. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT THE HON VERE DOUGLAS **BOSCAWEN** , of the Coldstream Guards, who was killed in action near Ypres on October 29, was the third son of Viscount Falmouth and was born in 1890. In 1909 he was in the Eton XI, and in the drawn match with Harrow took three wickets for 21 runs in the second innings.\n\nA brother, George Edward Boscawen (qv), died on June 7, 1918, aged 29.\n\n*SIR EVELYN RIDLEY **BRADFORD** , 2nd Bart, Colonel of the Seaforth Highlanders, was killed in action in France on September 14. He was born on April 16, 1869. He was a fine batsman with good defence, a safe field and a fast bowler whose action was not approved by several first-class umpires. Whilst playing for Hampshire in 1899 he was no-balled by White and Pickett in the match with the Australians at Southampton, and by A. F. Smith at Leicester. In the last-mentioned game, however, he scored 102, the next-highest score in the innings being only 39, and this was his best batting performance for his county. Against Essex at Southampton three years before he had taken six wickets for 28 runs in the first innings and five for 40 in the second. In military matches he was a heavy run-getter, and as recently as May 1913 had played an innings of 251 for Shorncliffe Garrison against Folkestone. For Aldershot Command v Incogniti in May 1895 he scored 248. His father, the Chief Commissioner of London Police, married twice, his first wife being a daughter of Edward Knight, of Hampshire and Kent, and his second a daughter of William Nicholson, of Harrow and MCC. Through his grandfather, Col Bradford was thus related to a whole host of famous cricketers, including the Jenners, Normans, Nepeans, Barnards, Bonham-Carters, Wathens and Dykes.\n\nCAPT ERNEST FELIX VICTOR **BRIARD** (Norfolk Regt), first reported missing, then wounded and prisoner, was in March 1916 stated to have been killed on August 24, 1914, during the retreat from Mons. He was born on October 4, 1888, and educated at Victoria College, Jersey, and Felsted, obtaining his colours at the latter place for cricket, football and fives. Later he played regimental cricket and also appeared for the Army v Navy at hockey. { _W1917_ }\n\nHis younger brother John died five years after him, on October 15, 1919, of sickness following wounds received in May at the Khyber Pass: he was serving with the 35th Sikhs and had been on his way to fight on the Afghan border.\n\nCAPT CHARLES HUNTER **BROWNING** , of the Eton XIs of 1896 and 1897, was killed in action on August 26. He was a stubborn batsman, and an excellent wicketkeeper with a quiet style... Among his contemporaries were B. J. T. Bosanquet, C. H. B. Marsham and F. H. Hollins. He had been a member of the MCC since 1898.\n\nHe served in the South African War.\n\n*MR WILFRED METHVEN **BROWNLEE** , son of the biographer of \"W. G.\", died of meningitis at Wyke Regis, near Weymouth, on October 12, whilst serving with the 3rd Dorset Regt [2nd Lt]. He was born at Cotham, Bristol, on April 18, 1890. For four seasons, 1906 to 1909, he was in the Clifton Eleven, for which he showed very good all-round cricket: in 1908 he headed the batting averages with 23.57, and took most wickets (49), and in 1909, when captain, averaged 32.54 with the bat and headed the bowling with 34 wickets for 15.02 runs each. In the latter year also, chosen for the Public Schools XI against MCC at Lord's, he took eight wickets for 61. On his first appearance for Gloucestershire \u2013 against Worcestershire, at Worcester, in 1909 \u2013 he played an innings of 64, and if he had been able to play in first-class matches at all regularly he would no doubt have developed into an excellent cricketer. In the second innings of the match with Essex at Cheltenham in 1909 he scored 49 not out, and in partnership with Langdon (38 not out) scored 91 without loss of a wicket in 25 minutes: the innings was then declared closed, but Gloucestershire were unable to snatch a victory. Mr Brownlee was a free-hitting batsman, a fast-medium bowler who could make the ball swerve and a brilliant fieldsman.\n\nLT LESLEY MONTAGU **BULLER** (Lincs Regt), who was killed on August 24, aged 28, was educated at Eton, where he was in his House XI (Miss Evans) when they won the House Cup in 1904, but was not in the College XI. { _W1920_ }\n\nAlthough he was one of the first men to die, his obituary did not appear until the 1920 _Wisden_. He was reported wounded and missing after the fighting at Frameries, near Mons, on August 24, and was finally presumed killed while on outpost duty.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM MARSHALL **BURT-MARSHALL** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), who died on November 17 of wounds received in action, aged 27, was in the Rugby Eleven in 1905 when he scored 139 runs in ten innings. He was also a well-known footballer, playing both for his School and Sandhurst. { _W1916_ }\n\n_Wisden 1916_ said he \"died in February\" (1915) but in fact he died three months earlier. He fell near the German trenches at Ploegsteert Wood on November 8, and it was hoped that he might have been taken prisoner, but the War Office reported in February 1915 that he had died of wounds in a German field hospital at Quesnoy on November 17, 1914.\n\n*CAPT ARTHUR MAITLAND **BYNG** , of the Royal Fusiliers, was killed in action in France on September 14. He was one of the best-known batsmen in the Army, being very sound, with a free style and plenty of scoring strokes. At Portsmouth in July 1905 he made 204 for Hampshire Hogs v Royal Navy, and in partnership with D. A. Steele (180) scored 335 for the first wicket. He was born on September 26, 1872, and in his two matches for Sandhurst v Woolwich \u2013 in 1894 and 1895 \u2013 scored 10 and 87 not out, and took 18 wickets. In 1905 he played in three matches for Hampshire.\n\nHe also played five matches for Jamaica in 1896-97. He served in the South African War.\n\n*MAJOR THE HON WILLIAM GEORGE SYDNEY **CADOGAN** , who was killed in action on November 12, was in the Eton Eleven in 1897... He was born on January 31, 1879.\n\nHe served in the South African War and was appointed Equerry to the Prince of Wales in 1912. In his one fc match, for the Europeans against Parsees in India in 1904, he failed to score in both innings.\n\nMAJOR HERBERT THEODORE **CLIFF** , of 3 Bn West Yorks Regt, who fell in action on October 13, was a prominent member of the Yorkshire Gentlemen's CC. He was 39.\n\nLT ARTHUR EDWARD JEUNE **COLLINS** , of the Royal Engineers, who was killed in action on November 11, came suddenly into note by scoring 628 not out for Clarke's House v North Town in a Junior house match at Clifton College in June 1899, when only 13 years old. During the six hours and 50 minutes he was in he hit a six, four fives, 31 fours, 33 threes, and 146 twos, carrying his bat through the innings, and Clarke's, who scored 836, won by an innings and 688 runs. Collins also obtained 11 wickets in the match, seven in the first innings and four in the second, and in partnership with Redfern (13) put on as many as 183 for the last wicket. In 1901 and 1902 he was in the College XI, in the former year scoring 342 runs with an average of 38.00, his highest innings being 112 against Old Cliftonians. He was a free-hitting batsman, but his military duties prevented him from taking cricket seriously: still he made many good scores in Army matches, and for Old Cliftonians v Trojans at Southampton in August 1913 he and F. G. Robinson made 141 without being parted for the first wicket in 38 minutes, Collins scoring 63 and his partner 77. His best performance at Lord's was to make 58 and 36 for RE v RA in 1913. He was born in India in 1885, gazetted second Lieutenant in 1904 and promoted Lieutenant in 1907.\n\nHis innings of 628 not out, spread over four afternoons, remains the highest score ever recorded. He was promoted to Captain two weeks before his death, but this was not gazetted until January 20, 1915; he was MiD before being killed at Ypres. He had married in April 1914; Ethel lived as a widow until 1966. His two brothers were both also killed: Norman Cecil died on August 9, 1916, and Herbert Charles on February 11, 1917.\n\nLT JOHN McADAM **CRAIG** (57th Wildes Rifles) fell in action in France on November 1, aged 28. He was in the Westminster Eleven of 1905... { _W1916_ }\n\n*MAJOR EUSTACE **CRAWLEY** (12th Lancers), born on April 19, 1868, fell in action on November 2, aged 46. He was educated at Harrow and, like his father and uncle and two brothers, obtained his colours. He was in the Eleven in 1885 and 1886... His best performances were in the matches with Eton, his scores being 100 and seven in 1885 and 40 and 69 in 1886... At Cambridge he gained his Blue as a Freshman in 1887, and by making 35 and 103 not out in the University Match fulfilled the promise of his schooldays... No other batsman has ever made a hundred in the Eton and Harrow match and also in the University Match. Since 1887 he had been a member of the MCC, and he had played with success for Hertfordshire. He also gained high honours at rackets and tennis, and was a skilful and plucky horseman. { _W1916_ }\n\nCAPT WILLIAM CHARLES **CURGENVEN** (South Wales Borderers), killed on October 21, aged 37, was in the Repton Eleven in 1894... { _W1917_ }\n\nHe served in the South African War; he was later Adjutant of his regiment, and was instructor of topography at Sandhurst from 1909 to 1913.\n\n*MR CHARLES GERRARD **DEANE** , who played occasionally for Somerset, died at Multan, India, of fever, on December 14, whilst serving with the 1st Detachment of the 5th Devon Territorials. He was born at Oakhill, Somerset, in 1885, was educated at Taunton School, and played occasionally for Somerset with success. He was a good batsman and a fine field, but could spare little time for first-class cricket.\n\nCAPT JOHN EDMUND WILLIAM **DENNIS** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), reported missing in August 1914, was definitely stated in September 1916, to have been killed at that time [on August 23]. He was in the Exeter School Eleven in 1900, 1901 and 1902. { _W1917_ }\n\n*CAPT GEORGE ARTHUR MURRAY **DOCKER** , of the Royal Fusiliers, was killed in action on November 17. He was born on November 18, 1876, and was in the Highgate School XI in 1895... Since 1898 he had been a member of the MCC, for which he played frequently when military duties permitted, his best feat for the old club in first-class matches being to make 29 and 16 against Kent at Lord's in 1912. He also played for the Free Foresters and Oxford University Authentics, and in 1913 was a member of the MCC's team which visited the West Indies. He served in the South African War 1899\u20131901 and obtained the Queen's Medal with four clasps.\n\nLT PHILIP WALTER RUDOLPH **DOLL** , of the Charterhouse Eleven of 1907, fell in action near Ypres on October 31, aged 24. For the school he had a batting average of 7.37 and took 16 wickets for 23.56 runs each. Since 1911 he had been a member of the MCC. He served in the 8th King's (Liverpool) Regt.\n\n*THE REV ARCHIBALD HUGH CONWAY **FARGUS** , who went down in the Monmouth, Admiral Cradock's flagship, in the action in the Pacific on November 1, was born at Clifton, Bristol, on December 15, 1878, and was educated at Clifton, Haileybury and Cambridge. He left Clifton too young to be in the Eleven, but played for Haileybury in 1897 and 1898... He appeared for Cambridge in the drawn games with Oxford in 1900 and 1901... He assisted Gloucestershire in 1900 and 1901 and Devonshire in 1904, and had been a member of the MCC since 1901. In first-class cricket his highest score was 61 for Cambridge University v Sussex at Brighton in 1901, and his best performance with the ball to take 12 Middlesex wickets for 87 for Gloucestershire at Lord's in 1900. He was described as a stout hitter, a good hammer and tongs bowler, and a hard-working field. Since 1907 he had been a Chaplain in the Royal Navy, and in 1913 was appointed Vicar of Askham Richard, York. At the beginning of the War he became temporary Acting-Chaplain to the Monmouth, on which he went down.\n\nCorrection in Wisden 1917:\n\nTHE REV A. H. C. **FARGUS**. He was not lost, as stated in the Press, in Admiral Cradock's flagship, the Monmouth, on November 1, 1914. Missing a train, he was prevented from rejoining the ship just before it left for the Pacific and was appointed to another.\n\n_Wisden 1994_ finally picked up on his death in its \"Supplementary Obituary\": **FARGUS** , Rev ARCHIBALD HUGH CONWAY, who died on October 6, 1963, aged 84, has been obituarised before in Wisden. However, this was 48 years before his death. The 1915 edition said Fargus had gone down with the Monmouth, the ship on which he was acting-chaplain, in action in the Pacific. But he had missed a train and failed to rejoin the ship. Fargus, whose father Hugh Conway was a well-known Victorian author, won a Cambridge Blue in 1900 and 1901 and played 15 games for Gloucestershire. His actual death was not reported in the Almanack.\n\nCAPT ROLAND SACKVILLE **FLETCHER** (1st Northumberland Fusiliers) fell in action in Flanders on November 1, aged 32. He did not obtain a place in the Eleven at Charterhouse, but proved himself a good batsman for his regimental team. He was the author of Hausa Sayings and Folklore. { _W1916_ }\n\nLT THE HON GERARD FREDERICK **FREEMAN-THOMAS** (Coldstream Guards), born May 3, 1893, killed September 14. Eton XI, 1911 and 1912... Son of Lord Willingdon. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT OTHO CLAUD SKIPWITH **GILLIAT** , who was killed in action on October 30, was in the Eton XI in 1899... He had been a member of the MCC since 1903, and was 31.\n\nNot Gilliatt as in _Wisden_.\n\nLT HERBERT JAMES GRAHAM **GILMOUR** (Worcs Regt), born in August 1883, fell in action on September 19. He played for the Gentlemen of Worcestershire. { _W1916_ }\n\n*MAJOR LORD BERNARD CHARLES **GORDON-LENNOX** , third son of the Duke of Richmond, who was born on May 1, 1878, was killed in action on November 10 whilst serving with the Grenadier Guards. He did not obtain a place in the Eton XI, but was more fortunate at Sandhurst, for whom he played an excellent innings of 80 against Woolwich in 1897. Subsequently he became a member of the MCC and I Zingari, and in 1914 visited Egypt with the latter's team, scoring 119 against All Egypt at Alexandria. For the Household Brigade Lord Bernard was a prolific scorer.\n\nHis one match for Middlesex in 1903 was the first game of their Championship-winning season, against Gloucestershire at Lord's, when he was bowled by Jessop for nought. His widow, Lady Evelyn, was killed on Sunday, June 18, 1944, aged 66, when a flying bomb hit the Guards Chapel at Wellington Barracks, London, during a service, killing 121 soldiers and civilians, and seriously injuring 141 others. A small memorial plaque to her husband was lost when the chapel was destroyed.\n\n*RFMN JOHN THOMAS **GREGORY** , who was on the Trent Bridge ground-staff from 1905 to 1907, fell in action on October 27. He never played for the county, and subsequently enlisted in the King's Royal Rifles. In military matches his slow left-hand bowling obtained many wickets, and at Aldershot on May 16, 1913, playing for the King's Royal Rifle Corps, he bowled down all ten wickets of the 2nd Worcestershire Regiment at a cost of only 15 runs. In 1913 he appeared for Hampshire against Oxford University, but met with no success.\n\nCAPT JOHN ALEXANDER **HALLIDAY** , of the Harrow XI of 1893, died at Le Touquet from wounds received in France on November 13... It was said of him: \"Hits hard, but his batting is utterly devoid of style, though sometimes effective; good field.\" He was born on April 10, 1875, and threw the hammer for Cambridge in the Sports of 1906 and 1907.\n\nIn fact, he threw the hammer in 1896 and 1897 while he was at Trinity College. In May 1897 he played in a two-day match for Wiltshire against MCC at Swindon, scoring 25 and 20. He served in the South African War with 11th Hussars. According to _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ , 'he was well known in the hunting-field in Ireland and South Wiltshire'. He died in the Duchess of Westminster's Hospital at Le Touquet but is buried at All Saints Churchyard, Chicklade, Wiltshire. Repatriations were allowed until mid-1915 at the relatives' cost; the bodies of only about 30 men, all officers, were brought home from France and Belgium. See Hopley and Hunter in 1915.\n\n*LT RALPH ESCOTT **HANCOCK** , of the Devon Regt, who was killed in action on October 29, had appeared occasionally for Somerset. He was 26, and was a useful batsman. He was awarded the DSO for conspicuous gallantry.\n\nSix days before his death, he \"displayed conspicuous gallantry in leaving his trench under very heavy fire and going back some 60 yards over absolutely bare ground to pick up Cpl Warwick, who had fallen whilst coming up with a party of reinforcements. Lt Hancock conveyed this non-commissioned officer to the cover of a haystack and then returned to his trench.\"\n\nLT THE 6TH VISCOUNT **HAWARDEN** (ROBERT CORNWALLIS MAUDE) (Coldstream Guards), born September 6, 1890, killed August 26. Household Brigade XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nThe only child of the 5th Viscount, he succeeded to the title on September 6, 1908. He was educated at Winchester, and at Christ Church, Oxford, from 1908 to 1912. He died of wounds received in action at Landrecies, Mons. For details of the action in which he died, see Windsor-Clive, below.\n\nLT CLAUDE **HENRY** (Worcs Regt) killed September 19. Exeter College (Ox) XI, Regimental Cricket, Tidworth Garrison XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY MAURICE IVAN **HERFORD** , RMLI, who lost his life on HMS Monmouth during the naval battle in the Pacific on November 1, was in the Fettes XI in 1900. At Lord's in 1910 he played for The Royal Navy v The Army, but did little, scoring only nought not out and seven. He was 32.\n\nHe was the third son of the Rev Percy Herford, rector of Christ Church, Edinburgh. His name is on the Portsmouth Naval Memorial.\n\n*LT HAROLD EDWIN **HIPPISLEY** , of the 1st Gloucs Regt, was killed in action on October 23. He was in the Eleven at King's School, Bruton, whose batting averages he headed in 1909 with 62.90, his highest score being 113. The same season he made 40 not out for Somerset against Worcestershire on the Worcester ground. He was born at Wells on September 3, 1890, was a brilliant hockey player, and was married on the day his regiment was ordered to France. In scoring 150 for Old Brutonians v Sidmouth at Sidmouth in July 1911, he and P. W. Vasey (282 not out) added 396 for the third wicket.\n\nHe was killed at Langemarck in the same action as W. S. Yalland (qv). Pte Barton, who survived, recalled: \"Lt Hippisley, the platoon commander, was hit. The bullet struck the middle of the forehead. He was attended by his servant, Pte Brown, who was under the impression that if he kept the brain from oozing out of the hole he would be all right. After a time he was convinced that the wound was fatal and that his master had no chance. He then divided his time between the parapet, where he would fire a few rounds, and then return to Lt Hippisley. Between his concern for his master and his desire for revenge on the Germans, he seemed to have gone crazy.\"\n\n**LT NORMAN SERAPHIO **HOBSON** (Graaff-Reinet Commando) died on November 25 at Rooidam, Cape Province, South Africa, aged 29. He was born on May 7, 1885, at Graaff-Reinet, Cape Province. He played a single fc match for Eastern Province against MCC at Port Elizabeth in February 1906. The previous year, playing for Harefield CC of Port Elizabeth, he scored 241 against Cradock, still a club record. Johnny Hobson, the grandson of an 1829 settler who introduced the game to his fellow farmers, was a founder member of Harefield in 1881.\n\n*LT WILLIAM HUGH **HOLBECH** , of the Scots Guards, died of wounds on November 1, aged 32. He was educated at Eton, but was not in the Eleven, but subsequently appeared with some success for Warwickshire [1910, one match v Hampshire, nought and nought]. He was born in Canada on August 18, 1882, and had been a member of the MCC since 1903.\n\nCAPT THOMAS HECTOR **HUGHES** (Worcs Regt), killed on October 15, aged 33, scored 99 runs with an average of 8.25 for Repton in 1900. { _W1917_ }\n\nHe was mentioned in Sir John French's Despatch of January 14, 1915, for gallant and distinguished service in the field. His son, Thomas Frederick, who was born on March 15, 1914, followed him into the regiment and won the DSO in WW2. He continued his distinguished Army career after the war and was promoted Colonel in 1960; he died in 1985.\n\nMAJOR ARTHUR **HUGHES-ONSLOW** , of the 10th Hussars, born in 1862, died on August 17 whilst on service with the British Expeditionary Force. He was in the Eton XI in 1880... He was then described as: \"A good bat, hitting well and hard; a fair field.\" He was also well-known as a steeplechase rider, an Association footballer and a rider to hounds, and three times rode the winner of the Grand Military Steeplechase at Sandown. It was while engaged as remount officer at Southampton that he was taken fatally ill.\n\n\"Fatally ill\" obscures the facts: he shot himself on the troopship going over to France. Having served in the Sudan and South African campaigns, he never got over the horrors of taking horses into battle and, although he was quick to rejoin the Army, it appears that he could not face the prospect of his charges once again facing death and mutilation. His son Geoffrey, who was serving on HMS St Vincent out of Scapa Flow, was informed that his father had died, but only discovered the manner of his death after the war when he was hit with a tax bill for death duties. When he questioned the authorities as to why he should be taxed when his father had died in action, he was told that because Arthur shot himself, the heir was liable for death duties; however, he argued the case and the taxes were waived. The letter from the War Office to his widow which accompanied his 1914 Star, War and Victory medals was dated January 1921, which suggests the family had to campaign for his recognition. He is buried in Ste Marie Cemetery, Le Havre. A brother, Denzil, was killed on July 10, 1916, aged 52; they are both remembered on the parish war memorial at Barr, Ayrshire.\n\nCAPT SEYMOUR FREDERICK AUCKLAND ALBERT **HURT** , of the Royal Scots Fusiliers, was born on October 18, 1879, and was killed in action in France on October 18 [his 35th birthday]. He was in the Harrow XI in 1897 and 1898... Among his contemporaries were T. G. O. Cole, W. P. Robertson and E. M. Dowson. He was described as: \"A steady medium bowler. Poor field. Useful bat to fast bowling, very weak to slow.\"\n\nMiD. He fell at Ypres when leading his company in a charge. According to _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ , he \"was a keen sportsman, devoting himself to polo, pigsticking and big-game shooting while in India, where he served the greater part of his time. When at home he acted as field master to his brother's pack of foxhounds in Derbyshire.\"\n\nLT-COL GEORGE HENRY FITZMAURICE **KELLY** (34th Sikh Pioneers) was born at Meerut on May 29, 1869, and killed near Bethune on November 23. He was educated at St Charles College, London, where he was in the Eleven. In 1889 he was in the Sandhurst team... { _W1916_ }\n\n**CAPT WILLIAM MILES **KINGTON** (1 Bn, Royal Welsh Fusiliers) was killed in action on October 20 near Zonnebeke, Belgium, aged 38. Born on April 25, 1876, at Cheltenham; his father, W. M. N. Kington, played for Gloucestershire in 1875-76. He was educated at Glenalmond. His single fc match was for Europeans against Parsees at Poona in September 1911. He played three two-day matches for MCC against minor counties at Lord's in August 1906. He served in the Boer War and was at the relief of Ladysmith; he was MiD four times and was awarded the DSO in 1902. He was killed by a shell in the First Battle of Ypres, and a soldier wrote: \"For three days we remained in the trenches, firing and being fired at, without food or water. Lt Hoskyns, who commanded my platoon, was killed by a sniper, and about three hours later Capt Kington was killed. He was a very fine officer, and would crack a joke in the trenches which would set us all laughing our sides out. It made us all mad to avenge his death.\" His only son William, born in 1909, followed him into the regiment and served in WW2.\n\nLT THOMAS EDWARD **LAWSON-SMITH** , of the 13 th Hussars, who was killed in action on November 1, was in the Harrow Eleven in 1908... Against Eton he played an invaluable first innings of 79 not out, thereby having much to do with Harrow's success by ten wickets. He batted for just over three hours for his runs, and \"drove with plenty of power and steadily improved upon a moderate beginning\". He was born on March 14, 1889.\n\nHis younger brother John was killed in action a few days before him.\n\nL\/SGT FRED STANLEY **LOWE** , a promising young fast bowler, was killed in action on October 18, whilst serving in The Buffs. He did good work for Kent Second Eleven.\n\n**LT MARK KINCAID **MacKENZIE** (4 Bn, attd 3 Bn, KRRC) was killed in action at Soupir-sur-Aisne, Soissons, France, on September 25 aged 26. He was born at Edinburgh on August 22, 1888; his father, Lord Charles Kincaid MacKenzie, played for Oxford University in 1876. He was educated at Winchester (in the Eleven 1905-7) and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he played three matches for the University in 1910; he bowled left-arm fast-medium. In June 1914 he played in two two-day matches for MCC against Egypt and the Sudan at Lord's and for the Green Jackets against the Household Brigade at Burton Court, Chelsea. MacKenzie was killed leading his platoon in a dawn attack which an officer candidly observed \"was not the surprise it was intended to be\"; he fell wounded but got up and continued to cheer on his men until he fell again close to the enemy trenches. The headstone on his grave at Montcornet Military Cemetery has the inscription \"Onward Christian Soldier\".\n\nLT ALEXANDER HOOD **MACKINNON** (Cameron Highlanders), previously reported missing, is now known to have been killed on September 14, aged 22. He took part in many Regimental matches. { _W1920_ }\n\nHis name is on La Fert\u00e9-sous-Jouarre Memorial to the Missing which commemorates 3,740 officers and men of the British Expeditionary Force who fell at the battles of Mons, Le Cateau, the Marne and the Aisne between the end of August and early October 1914 and have no known graves.\n\nTHE HON JOHN NEVILLE **MANNERS** , eldest son of Lord and Lady Manners, was killed in action on September 1 near Villiers Cotterets in France. He was born in 1892, and gazetted to the Grenadier Guards in 1912. In 1910 he was in the Eton XI... It was his very plucky partnership with Lister Kaye in Eton's second innings of the game with Harrow which enabled Eton to win in sensational style by nine runs after following on. Fowler subsequently carried off the honours of the match with some wonderful bowling, but Manners' fine hitting paved the way. He was an excellent field and in March last won the singles championship in the military rackets tournament.\n\n**CAPT BRUCE EDWARD ALEXANDER **MANSON** (61st King George's Own Pioneers) killed in action on November 4 at Tanga, British East Africa (now Tanzania), aged 35. He was born on December 7, 1878. He played a single fc match for Europeans against Parsees at Poona in September 1903 (see Campion, below). He served in the Boxer Rebellion, and was ADC to King George at the Delhi Durbar held in December 1911 to celebrate the Coronation. On November 1, 1914, the Indian Expeditionary Force B arrived on the coast of German East Africa and on the next morning demanded the surrender of the Port of Tanga. They attacked it the following night, but the German garrison, hastily reinforced, compelled them to retire. A renewed attack on November 4 was unsuccessful and the force re-embarked with 800 casualties. Manson is named on the war memorial at Woodbridge, Suffolk.\n\n2ND LT HUGH DAYRELL **McARTHUR** , who died as the result of an accident on November 3 at the early age of 26, was in the Winchester Eleven in 1906 and 1907... Since 1910 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nHe died after falling under a train at Bristol Temple Meads station. He had been working in his father's business in Bristol, but in September was commissioned into 9 (Service) Bn Gloucs Regt. He is commemorated on the Brookwood (UK 1914-1918) Memorial in Surrey which was created in 2004. The CWGC added his name to its debt of honour database in 2008.\n\nLT HUGH **MOCKLER-FERRYMAN** , who fell in action on September 16, was born on May 3, 1892, and was in the Wellington XI in 1909 and 1910... Subsequently he played occasionally for Berkshire.\n\nCAPT ROWLAND HARRY MAINWARING **MOODY** (2nd Lancs Fusiliers) fell in the Battle of Cambrai on August 26, aged 39. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Charterhouse, but joined the MCC in 1906 and played frequently for the club. He served in the South African War. { _W1916_ }\n\nCAPT THE HON ANDREW EDWARD SOMERSET **MULHOLLAND** , eldest son of Lord Dunleath, was killed in action near Ypres on November 1. He was born on September 20, 1882, and was in the Eton XI of 1901... At Oxford he played in the Freshmen's Match of 1902, making 34 and 14, but did not obtain his Blue. He had been a member of the MCC since 1908. At Lord's in 1909 he played for Army v Royal Navy, and in his only innings scored 39.\n\n*CAPT ARNOLD STEARNS **NESBITT** , of 3 Bn Worcs Regt, who was killed in action on November 7, kept wicket at Lord's earlier in the season for Worcestershire v Middlesex. He was 36, and was a member of the Bradfield XI of 1895.\n\nLT ARTHUR STUART **NICHOLSON** (Cameron Highlanders), previously reported wounded and missing, is now known to have been killed in the Battle of the Aisne on September 14, aged 25. He played for Edinburgh Garrison and in Regimental cricket. { _W1920_ }\n\nA brother, William Dukinfield, was killed on February 23, 1915, aged 26.\n\nCAPT FRANK SCOBELL **NISBET** , of 2 Bn Manchester Regt, was killed in action in France on August 26, at the age of 35. In scoring 173 for the Battalion mentioned against the 1st Bn King's Royal Rifle Corps at Portsmouth in August 1909, he sent up 290 for the first wicket in partnership with C. W. Woods (141).\n\nLT ALFRED **NORTHEY** (Worcs Regt), who fell in action on October 12, aged 28, played occasionally for the Gentlemen of Worcestershire. { _W1916_ }\n\nCAPT ROBERT HAROLD **OLIVIER** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), who was killed in action on September 14, 1914, aged 35, played occasionally for Wiltshire. { _W1916_ }\n\n_Wisden_ wrongly listed him as Oliver and gave the date of death as September 23. Educated at Haileybury College, he served in the South African War. His name is on La Ferto-sous-Jouarre Memorial (see Mackinnon, above.)\n\nLT BRIAN **OSBOURNE** (15th Hussars) was killed near Herentage Chateau, Ypres, on November 11, aged 25. He was in the Harrow Eleven in 1906... He had been a member of the MCC since 1908. { _W1916_ }\n\n_Wisden_ wrongly listed him as Osborne. He was at first reported missing, and it was not until the following March (1915) that confirmation of his death was received in a letter from one of his machine-gun section.\n\n*LT WALTER EVELYN **PARKE** , of the Durham Light Infantry, who was born on July 27, 1891, was killed in action on October 13. For three seasons, 1907 to 1909, he was in the Winchester XI, being captain in his last. He was very short, but one of the best batsmen turned out by the College for many years... In military matches he was a very heavy run-getter, and at Lord's in 1913, when playing for Dorset v MCC and Ground, scored 111 in his first innings and 103 in his second.\n\nIn his single fc match he opened the batting for the Army against Cambridge U at Fenner's in June 1914, scoring 11 and seven. He was killed while lifting a machine gun over a hedge near Les Fermes; MiD by Sir John French after his death.\n\n**CAPT WILLIAM THOMAS **PAYNE-GALLWEY** , MVO (2 Bn, Grenadier Guards) was killed in action at Vendresse, Troyon, France, on September 14, aged 33. He was born on March 25, 1881, at Blackrock, County Dublin, the only son (he had four sisters) of Sir Ralph William Frankland-Payne-Gallwey, who wrote the definitive study of the crossbow, published in 1903. A right-arm fast bowler, he was second in the Eton bowling averages for 1900 with 27 wickets at 18.37, and in August that year played for Yorkshire's Second Eleven against Surreys at The Oval in the Minor Counties Championship. He turned out frequently for the Household Brigade between 1901 and 1914, and played two fc matches in May 1912 at Lord's, for MCC against Yorkshire and for the Army against the Royal Navy. He fought in the Boer War and was invested as a Member of the Royal Victorian Order in 1908.\n\nCAPT REGINALD WHITMORE **PEPYS** (Worcs Regt), who fell in action on September 21, appeared at times for the Gentlemen of Worcestershire. { _W1916_ }\n\nHe went to Haileybury and Sandhurst. He died the day after being wounded during the Battle of the Aisne. He had married on July 27, 1914.\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS **PEPYS** , DSO (2nd Oxon and Bucks Light Infantry) was killed in action near Ypres on November 12, aged 23. He was in the Charterhouse Eleven of 1909... He had been a member of the MCC since 1910. { _W1916_ }\n\nHe was awarded the DSO, gazetted posthumously, \"for conspicuous good work in advancing from his trench and assisting in driving away a party of the enemy who were commencing to dig a new trench within 30 yards of his own. Thirty of the enemy were shot down on the occasion\". This was nine days before his death. His elder brother John had been killed at Mons on August 23, 1914.\n\nCOMMANDER BERNARD ALEXANDER **PRATT-BARLOW** , who went down in HMS Cruiser Hawke on October 15, had been a member of the MCC since 1904.\n\nHawke was torpedoed in the North Sea by a German submarine and sank with the loss of her captain, 26 officers and 497 men; only 70 of the crew survived.\n\nCAPT ARCHIBALD BERTRAM **PRIESTLEY** , of the Dorsets, who died on September 12 of wounds received in France, was a well-known Army batsman.\n\nLT ROBERT SCOTT **PRINGLE** , who died of wounds in France on September 14, was in the Winchester XI of 1903... He was born on November 30, 1885, and served in the Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt.\n\n2ND LT RICHARD DOUGLAS **PRYCE-JENKIN** (South Wales Borderers), born at Raglan, Monmouthshire, on July 29, 1894, fell in action on December 31. In 1913 he was in the Blundell's School XI, when he made 329 runs with an average of 25.31, his highest score being 105. { _W1916_ }\n\nFIELD MARSHAL EARL **ROBERTS** , KG, VC, who died at St Omer on November 14, whilst visiting our Indian troops, had been a member of the MCC since 1902, when he was elected by the Committee as one whose membership was specially desirable in the interests of the Club. He never gained any note as a player, but he was an admirer of the game and was occasionally to be seen at Lord's during the Eton v Harrow match. He was born at Cawnpore on September 30, 1832.\n\nHe died of pneumonia, aged 82, and was given a state funeral. He won the VC in 1858 during the Indian Mutiny.\n\nLT DOUGAL CLIFFORD CAMPBELL **SEWELL** , of 1 Bn Royal West Kent Regt, died on September 10 of wounds received near Mons, aged 20. He was in the Wellingborough XI in 1911 and 1912... He was considered a fine natural hitter.\n\nLT BERNARD HENRY GILBERT **SHAW** , of the West Yorkshire Regt, who was killed in action on December 18, aged 21, was the second son of the Bishop of Buckingham \u2013 an Oxford Blue of 1882. He was in the Marlborough XI in 1911, when he made 351 runs with an average of 39, his highest score being an excellent 94 against Rugby at Lord's. He obtained the runs in an hour and a half out of 166 made while he was in, driving superbly. After leaving Marlborough he was captain of cricket and hockey at Sandhurst.\n\nTwo brothers were killed: Arthur Gilbey, on December 24, 1915, aged 19, and Edward Alfred (qv), on October 7, 1916. Their father died in 1937, aged 77: his obituary appears in the 1938 _Wisden_ and records the loss of two sons, but not three.\n\nLT JOHN DENYS **SHINE** (Royal Irish Regt), who died of wounds at Mons on August 25, aged 19, was educated at Downside School, where he was a prominent member of the cricket, hockey and football teams. { _W1916_ }\n\nTwo brothers were later killed in action.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES CALDWELL **SILLS** , of the South Wales Borderers, who was born on December 24, 1893, was killed in action on September 26 at the battle of the Aisne. For five seasons he was in the Oakham School XI, being captain in 1911 and 1912... In 1913 he played an innings of 103 for Sandhurst against Woolwich. He also appeared occasionally for Aldershot Command and was a member of the MCC.\n\nLT RONALD FRANCIS **SIMSON** , of the Edinburgh Academy XI of 1908, fell in action on September 15, aged 24. In 1908 he scored 283 runs with an average of 20.20, his highest innings being 101 not out.\n\nHe played rugby for London Scottish and was capped for Scotland in March 1911, when he scored a try against England at Twickenham.\n\n**CAPT LEONARD **SLATER** (2 Bn, Royal Sussex Regt) was killed in action at Aisne, France, on September 14, aged 38. He was born on October 11, 1875, at Barnstaple, Devon, the eldest son of the Rev Francis Slater. He was educated at Marlborough. His single fc match was for the Gentlemen of the South against the Players of the South at Hastings in September 1909. In 1904, he played seven matches for Devon in the Minor Counties Championship. He played two matches in India, where he was stationed, for the touring Oxford University Authentics in 1902-03. His name is on the war memorial at Instow, Devon, where the south side of the nave of St John the Baptist Church is dedicated to him; his name is also on the war memorial at Godalming, Surrey. His son, John Durnford-Slater, born in 1909, is credited with forming the first Army commando unit during WW2 when he won the DSO and Bar; he was promoted to brigadier, and was killed in a railway accident in 1972.\n\nCAPT ALGERNON BERESFORD **SMYTH** (2nd King's Own Yorks Light Infantry) fell in action on November 15, aged 30. He played for the Aldershot Command and was a member of the Yorkshire Gentlemen's CC and the Free Foresters. { _W1916_ }\n\n*MAJOR EDMUND PEEL **THOMSON** , of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, who fell in action on December 21, aged 40, played occasionally for the MCC, of which club he had been a member since 1910. In South Africa he gained a reputation as a batsman. From 1889 to 1891 he was in the Fettes XI, being captain in 1891 and 1892, in both of which years he headed the batting averages.\n\nMiD in the South African War.\n\n*CAPT GEOFFREY PERCY ROBERT **TOYNBEE** , of the Rifle Brigade, fell in action on November 15. He was in the Winchester XI in 1902 and 1903... Subsequently he was a very heavy run-getter at Sandhurst, heading the averages in 1904 with 70.71, and being third in the following season with 42.33. In military matches he made many large scores, and, playing for Green Jackets v Aldershot Command in July 1911, obtained 115 in his first innings and 101 not out in his second. Since 1904 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nHe played in one match for MCC in 1912 and twice for Hampshire that year.\n\n*LT HERVEY ROBERT CHARLES **TUDWAY** , of the Grenadier Guards, died of wounds on November 18, aged 26. He was a grandson of Sir F. Hervey-Bathurst, the famous old bowler, and played frequently for the Household Brigade.\n\nHe was educated at Eton. His single fc match was for Somerset against Hampshire at Aldershot in June 1910 when he scored six in each innings, both times being bowled by C. B. Llewellyn. He was appointed ADC to Lord Buxton, Governor-General of South Africa, and sailed for South Africa on July 25, 1914; on arriving there and learning of the outbreak of war, he immediately returned to England and rejoined 2 Bn of the Guards. He was wounded at Ypres on November 9 and died nine days later in hospital at Boulogne, and was buried there. A brass tablet in Wells Cathedral bears the words: \"His life for his country, his soul to God.\"\n\nLT CARLETON WYNDHAM **TUFNELL** , who was killed in action whilst serving with 2nd Bn of the Grenadier Guards on November 6, was born on August 5, 1892, and was in the Eton XI in 1910 and 1911. In the latter year, when he contributed 54 to Eton's total of 112 for seven wickets, he clearly won the game for his side. In the game with Winchester, too, he scored 57 at a critical time, and with E. F. Campbell (103) put on 104 after four wickets had fallen for 48. Eton eventually won by 58 runs after following on, so Tufnell had every reason to recall his year of captaincy with personal satisfaction... Subsequently he was captain of the Sandhurst Eleven, and also of the Association team. He was one of the best athletes produced by Eton for many years, for he was keeper of Oppidan wall and mixed wall, and he won the Victor Ludorum and the King's Medal for the Officers' Training Corps.\n\nFour years younger than Tudway, above, like him he went to Eton, gained his commission into 2 Bn, Grenadier Guards, and fell at Ypres in November 1914; he was machine-gun officer of the battalion and was hit while taking up a position.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY CHAUNER **WAINWRIGHT** (Northants Regt) died of wounds on December 22, aged 19. He was in the Wellington Eleven in 1911, 1912 and 1913... { _W1916_ }\n\nLT JOHN HENRY LYONS **WALCOTT** , of 2nd King Edward's Own Gurkha Rifles, fell in action on November 2. In 1910 and 1911 he was in the Christ's Hospital XI, heading the bowling averages in the former year, and subsequently gained his colours at Sandhurst. He was 20.\n\nNot Walcot as in _Wisden_.\n\nCAPT SIR FRANCIS ERNEST **WALLER** , 4th Baronet (Royal Fusiliers), born on June 11, 1880, was killed near Neuve-Chapelle on October 25. He was a well-known member of the Warwickshire County CC, and was High Sheriff for Warwickshire in 1913. He served in the South African War 1899\u20131902. { _W1916_ }\n\nHe succeeded to the title of 4th Baronet Waller, of Braywick Lodge, Berkshire, in 1892. After fighting in the Boer War between 1899 and 1902, he returned to the family estate at Woodcote House in the parish of Leek Wootton, near Warwick, as the young squire, but his career in the Army again called him away and the estate was let for five years. In 1908 Sir Francis retired from the Army to take up his position as lord of the manor. On his death in the war, his brother Wathen inherited the baronetcy. During the Second World War, Woodcote House was used by the Red Cross as a convalescent home. After the war, Sir Wathen was refurbishing the house ready to return, when he died suddenly in 1947. A year later his widow sold the estate to Warwickshire County Council and, following conversion, Woodcote became the headquarters of Warwickshire Constabulary; in 2011, the force announced the sale of Woodcote because of funding cuts.\n\n*LT THE HON GERALD ERNEST FRANCIS **WARD** , MVO (1st Life Guards), killed October 30, aged 36. Eton XI, 1896. Gloucestershire XI. Household Brigade XI. He was the most successful bowler of this year at Eton, taking 35 wickets for just over 11 runs each, but he did little or nothing against Harrow at Lord's. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe fought in the Boer War 1899-1900. He played a single fc match for MCC v Oxford University at Lord's in 1903. _Wisden_ appears to have erred with the reference to Gloucestershire. He was the youngest of six sons of William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley.\n\nLT RICHARD WILLIAM GREGORY **WELBY** (Grenadier Guards), killed September 16, aged 25. Christ Church (Ox) XI. Captain of Grantham Town CC. { _W1918_ }\n\n*LT THE HON ARCHER **WINDSOR-CLIVE** , third son of Lord Plymouth, died on August 25 at Mons whilst serving with 3 Bn Coldstream Guards. He was born at Hewell Grange, Worcestershire, on November 6, 1890, and was in the Eton XI in 1908 and 1909. In the former season he scored 10 and 38 v Harrow, and 105 \u2013 a sound innings \u2013 v Winchester; in the latter, 14 and 1 v Harrow, and 44 v Winchester. Proceeding to Cambridge he scored 12 and took seven wickets for 49 runs in the Freshmen's match in 1910, but did not obtain his Blue. He was a good batsman and a useful medium-paced left-handed bowler. In 1908 his name will be found in the Glamorganshire eleven.\n\nHe was the first man to have played fc cricket who died in the war. _Wisden_ wrongly gave the date of death as September 1; he was killed in action a week earlier. It also wrongly referred to him as being the second son, although he was the second surviving son, the eldest having died in 1908. The Earl of Plymouth lived at St Fagans Castle, near Cardiff, and was closely associated with St Fagans CC; he himself played, and his three sons, Other (a family name), Ivor and Archer, were all enthusiastic cricketers. The Earl was president of Glamorgan CCC from 1901 until 1922, the year after the club achieved fc status. Archer made his Glamorgan debut in August 1908 when still at Eton; it was thought he would one day be captain.\n\nAt Cambridge in May 1910, his performance in the Freshmen's match \u2013 a game curtailed by the death of King Edward \u2013 when his seven for 49 in an innings was described by _Wisden_ as \"the best feature of the match\", won him selection for the University against Essex. But in three seasons he played only six more fc games and missed out on a Blue, although he gained two for tennis.\n\nIn 1912, after university, he joined the Coldstream Guards. In June 1914 he opened the batting for the Household Brigade against the Band of Brothers in a two-day match at Burton's Court in Chelsea. Seven weeks later, on August 12, he left Chelsea Barracks and moved with his battalion to Southampton amongst the first wave of troops to cross the Channel. The Guardsmen went on the SS _Cawdor Castle_ , and by August 23 were digging defensive positions at Harveng. The next day, troops in the British Expeditionary Force began retreating from Mons.\n\nWindsor-Clive's death was reported in _The Times_ of Thursday, September 3, under the headlines: \"The Toll of War. A First List of British Losses.\" A leader article stated: \"The nation has learned of its losses with mingled pride and grief, and its determination to avenge its dead, and to carry to victory the sacred cause for which they died, has hardened like steel.\"\n\nA detailed account of his death was given in _The Times_ of September 14. During the retreat from Mons, half a battalion of the Coldstream Guards were ordered to act as outposts and delay the advance of the Germans. As night fell, an officer appeared in French uniform, and speaking French he told the Guards that a large body of French troops were approaching; he said he had come to tell them so the British would not fire on their allies by mistake. Shortly afterwards a large force appeared, singing French songs and those at the front wearing French and Belgian uniforms. It was all a cruel deception. Those at the back were German and they opened heavy fire on the British. The Guards made a stand, holding an important bridge, but Windsor-Clive was struck by a German shell. The newspaper noted: \"The enemy paid dearly for their ruse, for it is authoritatively stated that they left between 500 and 600 dead and wounded out of 2,000, whilst the Coldstream Guards, who numbered only 600, lost only one officer (the Hon Archer Windsor-Clive) and two men killed and 18, including an officer, wounded.\" In fact, the Guards' casualties were greater: 23 men are buried in Landrecies Communal Cemetery alongside Windsor-Clive and a second officer, Lt Sir Robert Cornwallis Maude, 6th Viscount Hawarden (qv), whose brief obituary did not appear until _Wisden_ 1918. The action allowed men of the retreating British Expeditionary Force to retire from the area in relative safety, and Sir John French, Commander in Chief, mentioned the brigade in his Despatches on September 7.\n\nOn September 20, _The Times_ reported on a packed public meeting held in the Queen's Hall, London, attended mainly by London Welsh and chaired by Lord Plymouth. \"No direct reference was made to the poignant bereavement which the chairman has sustained through the war. Among the first names on the roll of the honoured dead is that of his son, the Hon Archer Windsor-Clive. But the thought of it was in the minds of all when Lord Plymouth spoke of the heavy sacrifices that would have to be endured in the maintenance of the honour of the nation. 'We must learn,' said he, 'to say with Mr Rudyard Kipling, and say it with deep conviction, Who dies if England lives?' The unaffected simplicity and pride of the words made them very telling, and the audience most sympathetically responded to the deep feeling with which their utterance was surcharged. There was another moving moment when Mr Lloyd George, towards the close of his speech, declared the war was for the freedom of Europe from the thraldom of a military caste, and, turning to the chairman, said: 'Some have already given their lives. Some have given more than their own lives \u2013 they have given the lives of those who are dear to them. I honour their courage, and may God be their comfort and their strength.' Tears came into the eyes of the chairman, and the meeting gave vent to its approbation in a prolonged low murmur of applause.\"\n\nAfter the war, the Earl built Tarbebigge village hall near the family home at Hewell Grange in memory of Archer. He died suddenly at his London home in 1923, aged 65. His son's bedroom had been left untouched.\n\n_Archer Windsor-Clive at Eton_\n\nCAPT CECIL STRACHAN **WOOD** , of the East Yorkshire Regt, fell in action on December 2, aged 42. He was in the Tonbridge Eleven in 1891 and 1892... He was described in 1892 as: \"An excellent slow bowler (right-hand), breaking both ways; keeps a good length and uses his head well; a fine hitter, but lacks defence, and should therefore play a forcing game.\" He was a younger brother of the Hon J. B. Wood, CIE, of the Oxford Eleven of 1892 and 1893.\n\nLT MUSGRAVE CAZENOVE **WROUGHTON** (12th Lancers) died of wounds, October 30, aged 23. Christ Church (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe was a patrol leader at the first Boy Scout Camp at Brownsea Island in 1907, aged 15, while at Harrow; in 1912 he accompanied Sir Robert Baden-Powell as ADC on his world tour in connection with the Scout Movement. He was MiD for his part in the action at Hollebecke Ridge, Ypres, when he was mortally wounded. Baden-Powell, who was a family friend, wrote to his parents: \"I have felt as nearly as possible like a second father to him, and to read the little testimonies to Bob's character after all the hopes that I had formed of him, is the greatest possible comfort. I am so glad he had made his mark already before he died.\" An archive of material relating to Wroughton's life, discovered in a house clearance, was sold at auction in November 2012 for \u00a31,500. His father, William Musgrave Wroughton, was killed while hunting with the Belvoir Hounds on December 29, 1928, aged 78; his obituary is in _Wisden 1930_.\n\n*LT WILLIAM STANLEY **YALLAND** , who was killed in action on October 23, played once for Gloucestershire in 1910. Although a very useful cricketer, he did not obtain a place in the Eleven whilst at Clifton. He was born in 1889, and served in the Gloucestershire Regt.\n\nHe was killed in the same action as H. E. Hippisley (qv). A surprise German advance had pushed the Coldstream Guards from their positions at Langemarck and they were stubbornly fighting back in a turnip field. Two platoons of Glosters under Major R. E. Rising moved to assist them; exposed on one flank, the Glosters were repeatedly attacked but fought off every assault. The Germans were repulsed but the battalion lost three officers, including Yalland and Hippisley, and 51 men. By that evening the Coldstreams' trenches were retaken. Major Rising, who was killed a fortnight later, won a posthumous DSO. Yalland is commemorated on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, on the family memorial at St Mary's Church, Fishponds, Bristol, and on the Fishponds war memorial; a nearby new housing development is named Yalland Close.\n**DEATHS IN 1915**\n\nReported in _Wisden 1916_ unless stated, eg { _W1917_ }\n\nDeaths in the war and non-military obituaries were still not separated this year\n\n2ND LT BERNARD RUSSELL **ABINGER** (2 Bn Royal Berks Regt), who was killed in France on September 25, aged 21, played much cricket in South America. He had been awarded the Military Cross nine days before his death.\n\nA Jew, he served under the name of Russell. A cousin, Midshipman Vivian Schreiber, had died when HMS _Monmouth_ was lost on November 1, 1914, aged 15.\n\nCAPT CYRIL **AINSCOUGH** (5th Manchester Regt) was killed in action in the Dardanelles on August 7, aged 22, having previously been wounded twice. He was in the Ampleforth College XI, and played later with success for Ormskirk CC.\n\n2ND LT HARRY **ALEXANDER** (Grenadier Guards), born in January, 1879, was killed on October 17. He was in the Uppingham Eleven in 1897, when he made 319 runs with an average of 35.44. In 1898 he played in the Freshmen's match at Oxford, but scored only six and four. He was a vigorous batsman and a safe field. He obtained his Blue for rugby football and was an English international. { _W1917_ }\n\nHe won seven caps between 1900\u201302. He died on his 13th day of active service, two days after reaching the trenches.\n\nPTE ERNEST DOUGLAS **ALLEN** (Scots Guards) was shot through the head during a night attack at Cuinchy on January 1. He was born on August 11, 1884. He was holder of the London Press Golfing Society's Challenge Cup, and was for several years on the staff of the Cricket Reporting Agency. He enlisted during the first days of the War.\n\nEditor Sydney Pardon wrote in the Preface to the 1915 _Wisden_ : \"Mr Ernest D. Allen, who for several years had assisted in the work, joined the Army during the first week of the War.\" At the time of writing in January, he could not have known that Allen had been killed.\n\nPTE DAVID **ANDERSON** (5th Royal Scots, Queen's Edinburgh), killed in the Dardanelles on May 3, aged 21, was a great all-round athlete, and a former member of Stewart's College XI.\n\nCAPT ROBERT CUNNINGHAM **ANDERSON** (1st Black Watch), born in November, 1890, died on September 26 of wounds received in France four days earlier. He did not obtain a place in the Eleven whilst at Rugby, but played for his Battalion.\n\nMiD.\n\n2ND LT SAMUEL STEPHEN **ANDERSON** (Royal Scots Fusiliers), who was killed on December 30, aged 33, was educated at George Heriot's, Edinburgh, where he was in the Eleven of which he was captain in his last year. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT WILLIAM LYON **ANDERTON** (4th Territorial Bn West Riding Regt, Duke of Wellington's) was shot on the Western Front on August 21, aged 30. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, where he was in the Eleven in 1901 and 1902 and obtained his colours for football. Later he played for Cleckheaton CC.\n\nHis brother Arthur was killed in 1917.\n\n2ND LT REGINALD BRANDT **ARNELL** (7th King's Royal Rifles), who had been captain of cricket and football at Berkhamsted School, was killed in action in Flanders on July 30, aged 21. In 1912 he had a batting average of 31.61.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK MARRINER **ASTON** (6th Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry) was killed in Flanders on July 30, aged 48. Educated at Shrewsbury, he was in the School Eleven in 1885 and 1886... It was then said of him: \"Hits very hard, with a crooked bat, and has been a very useful scorer: has bowled with success at times, but is uncertain; a brilliant and generally safe field.\" He was not in the Eleven at Cambridge, but obtained his Blue for Association football, playing against Oxford in the drawn game at Queen's Club in February 1889.\n\nHe also played football for Casuals FC. See his son, below.\n\nLT RONALD MOSELEY **ASTON** (2nd Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), son of the above-mentioned, was killed in France on March 14, aged 20. He was in the Rugby Eleven in 1911 and 1912, being a fair batsman and good bowler and fieldsman...\n\n2ND LT JOHN OSBORNE **ATCHISON** (5th Yorks Light Infantry), killed in Flanders on July 13, aged 30, was born in Australia and educated at the Oratory, Birmingham, where he was captain of the school and of the cricket and football elevens. He kept up the game subsequently in Australia and Upper Burma.\n\n**SGT CHARLES JAMES **BACKMAN** (10 Bn, Australian Infantry) was killed in action on April 25 at Gallipoli, aged 31. He was born on April 11, 1884, at Adelaide. His one fc match was for South Australia against MCC at Adelaide in November 1911, when he took three for 53, his victims being Plum Warner, Frank Woolley and Joe Vine. He is remembered on the Lone Pine Memorial at Anzac.\n\n*MR FRANCIS HUGH **BACON** (Assistant Paymaster RNR), born at Colombo on June 24, 1869, was drowned off the coast of Belgium on October 31 through the patrol ship _Aries_ on which he was serving being mined. He was educated at St Augustine's College, Canterbury [see below], where he was in the Eleven, and afterwards settled in Basingstoke. Early in 1894, on the strength of three not-out innings of 101 for Basingstoke, he was tried for Hampshire, and in his first match for the county [a year before first-class status], against Warwickshire at Edgbaston, scored 114 without a chance in 130 minutes. He never quite realised promise, although he made several good scores subsequently, especially one of 110 v Leicestershire in 1907. Considering his small stature (5ft 5in) he was a free hitter, and for some years was one of the best cover-points in England. He was one of the comparatively few cricketers who played first as a professional and afterwards as an amateur. From 1903 until his death he was secretary of the Hampshire County CC, giving every satisfaction whilst in that position and making many friends by his geniality.\n\nHe did not attend St Augustine's College: he went to the Clergy Orphan School, Canterbury (renamed St Edmund's School in 1897), where he was in the Eleven in 1884; his father, the Rev James Bacon, had been warden at St Thomas College in Colombo, Ceylon. In Basingstoke, Bacon was manager at a brewery.\n\nPTE GEORGE HUNTLEY **BADENOCH** (Canadian Infantry), born at Kelton Castle, Douglas (Scotland), April 9, 1882, killed June 15. Played for the Indian Head CC, of Saskatchewan. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe also played league football for Heart of Midlothian and Glossop.\n\nCAPT DAVID McLAREN **BAIN** (3rd Gordon Highlanders) was killed in Flanders on June 3, aged 24. In 1909 and 1910 he was in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven, being played chiefly for his bowling. He was also a very well-known rugby footballer, captaining the Oxford XV, and being a Scottish international forward.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR WILLIAM **BALDERS** (Norfolk Regt, attd to Nigeria Regt), who was killed in the Cameroons on November 26, played cricket for his Regiment and Aldershot Command. He was born in 1887, and educated at Cheltenham, but was not in the Eleven.\n\nLT ISAAC BAYLEY **BALFOUR** (14 Bn the Royal Scots, attd 1 Bn KOSB), born on October 19, 1889, was killed in action at the Dardanelles on June 28. He was in the Winchester Eleven of 1908... He did not obtain his Blue at Oxford.\n\n*LT JAMES ELLIOT **BALFOUR-MELVILLE** (3rd Black Watch), a son of Mr Leslie M. Balfour-Melville, was born in Edinburgh on July 8, 1882, and was killed in action in France on September 25. He was a useful hard-hitting batsman and a good wicketkeeper, and for the Malvern College XI in 1901 averaged 23.91: that year he played an innings of 51 v Uppingham. In 1913 he was a member of the Scotch side which played a few matches in England, and against Surrey at The Oval scored 32 out of 43 in 20 minutes. Among the many clubs to which he belonged were the MCC, I. Zingari and Grange. For the last-named he averaged 57 in 1905. At Oxford he obtained his Blue for Association football, playing from 1901 to 1905, and in the last-mentioned year being captain.\n\nHe played two fc matches for Scotland in 1913; he did not play any fc cricket while at Oriel College, Oxford. His father was known as \"The W. G. Grace of Scotland\".\n\n*2ND LT FREDERICK CECIL **BANES-WALKER** (2 Bn Devon Regt) was killed near Ypres on May 9, aged 26. He was born at North Petherton, near Bridgwater, and came to the front as a member of the Long Ashton CC. In 1914 he appeared in five matches for Somerset, and by aggressive batting made 172 runs with an average of 19.11, his highest score being 40 v Hampshire at Southampton. He was also a very good hockey player, assisting Gloucestershire under the residential qualification.\n\n*CAPT PERCY D'AGUILAR **BANKS** (Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides Infantry, attached 57th Rifles) was killed near Ypres on April 26. He was born in 1885 and was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1902... In 1903 he was third in the Sandhurst averages with 33.00, and the same season played once for Somerset, scoring nought and 27 v Hampshire at Bournemouth. Later he did well in India, and in 1904 appeared for the Army against the Rest at Lahore. He was also well-known as a polo player. Writing of his batting in _Wisden_ of 1903, the late Mr W. J. Ford said: \"Banks played a remarkable innings of 103 v Haileybury. The pavilion critics were unanimous in calling it equal to any innings ever played by a boy at Lord's, his variety of strokes and his manipulation of the bat being quite Trumperesque. I fancied that he must be exceedingly strong in wrist and elbow.\"\n\n**SPR ROBERT WILLIAM **BARRY** (New Zealand Engineers) died of wounds on HM Hospital Ship _Dongola_ off Gallipoli on December 3, aged 37. He was born at Akaroa, Canterbury, on September 9, 1878. His single fc match was for Canterbury against Hawke's Bay at Christchurch in January 1902, when Tony Wilding (qv) was in the same side. An obituary in the _Auckland Star_ of December 14, 1915, stated: \"It will be remembered that Sapper Barry was by mistake reported killed in action in June last. A later message showed that he had been wounded. He has since recovered, and returned to the firing line, but there is reason to fear that the present message is genuine. He was affectionately known as Bob Barry to hundreds of athletes in New Zealand... He was on the clerical staff of the NZ Express Company in Auckland when he enlisted with the Field Engineers, having been with the company for some 13 years. He was a Canterbury boy, having been born and educated at Akaroa. He saw active service in South Africa. He was a notable athlete, and represented Canterbury in hockey and cricket. In Auckland he played cricket for the Parnell Club, and was one of the founders of hockey in this city. He was a member of the United and College Rifles Clubs, and represented Auckland province at hockey for many years.\"\n\n2ND LT JAMES JOYCE **BEASLEY** (6th Royal Irish Fusiliers), who was killed in the Dardanelles on August 9, aged 21, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he won much distinction as a cricketer, footballer and oarsman.\n\n*CAPT GORDON **BELCHER** (3, attd to 1, Bn Royal Berks Regt), youngest son of the Rev T. Hayes Belcher, of the Oxford XI of 1870, was killed in action in France on May 16, aged 29. He was educated at Brighton College, where he was in the Eleven in 1901 and three following years, leading the side in 1903 and 1904. His record there was a good one... During his last season he made most runs, took most wickets, and headed both batting and bowling averages. In 1905 he played in the Freshmen's match at Cambridge, but did not obtain his Blue. Later he appeared frequently for Berkshire... In 1905 he played in one match for Hampshire \u2013 against Warwickshire at Southampton, in which he was unfortunate enough to obtain spectacles. He was born at Brighton College on September 26, 1885. In February last he was awarded the Military Cross.\n\nTwo brothers also died, Harold Thomas on July 8, 1917, aged 42, and Raymond Douglas (qv) on December 7, 1917, aged 34; their father was the vicar of Bramley, Hampshire, who died in 1919 and whose obituary appears in _Wisden 1920_.\n\nL\/CPL JOSEPH **BELL** (Machine-Gun Section, Queen's Own Rifles of Canada) was born in Bombay on February 13, 1888, and killed in action on April 24. In 1905 he settled in Toronto, where he became prominently identified with the Rosedale CC. As a batsman he was well above average...\n\n*CAPT FRANK MILLER **BINGHAM** (5th King's Own Royal Lancaster Regt) was born on September 17, 1874, and killed in Flanders on May 22. He was in the Eleven at St Peter's School, York, and in 1896 played for Derbyshire v MCC and Ground at Lord's, scoring six and 11. Up to the outbreak of war he was in medical practice at Lancaster. He was at one time a well-known Blackheath rugby forward.\n\nHe was killed the day after his return to the front following three days' leave to visit his wife and children. Although a doctor, he served as a combatant; a bronze tablet was placed in his memory on the wall of the Royal Lancaster Infirmary by the local medical profession.\n\nLT-COL ARTHUR PERCIVAL DEARMAN **BIRCHALL** (Royal Fusiliers, attd to 4 Bn Canadian Infantry, Central Ontario Regt) was born on March 7, 1877, and killed near Ypres on April 24. He was not in the Eleven at Eton or Oxford, but was a useful cricketer and played much in regimental matches.\n\n*LT WILFRED STANLEY **BIRD** (6 Bn King's Royal Rifle Corps) was born at Yiewsley, Middlesex, September 28, 1883, and killed in action on May 9. He was educated at the Grange, Eastbourne, where he was captain of the cricket and football elevens, and afterwards at Malvern, where he represented the College at cricket, football and fives. He was in the Malvern Eleven in 1900\u20131\u20132, among his contemporaries being A. P. Day and G. N. Foster. Going up to Oxford with good credentials as a wicketkeeper he would in the ordinary course of events have stepped straight into the Eleven, but Oxford in 1903 had a wicketkeeper of established reputation in W. Findlay. However, he kept wicket for Oxford in 1904\u20135\u20136, being captain of the Eleven in his last year. As a wicketkeeper he had not the genius of Martyn or MacGregor, but he was decidedly above the average. It was his privilege to keep wicket for the Gentlemen at Lord's in 1908 and 1912. He also played on a few occasions for Middlesex. His skill was, perhaps, never seen to better advantage than when keeping to D. W. Carr's googlies at Scarborough in 1909. As a batsman he was only moderate, but he helped the late W. H. B. Evans to save the University Match in 1904. He was a master at Ludgrove School for several years, and was gazetted to the King's Royal Rifles in January 1915. He had been a member of the MCC since 1905.\n\n_De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ quotes an unnamed England captain as having said: \"He is the best wicket keeper I ever saw.\" The Roll states that he was at Ludgrove School for eight years: \"He was immensely happy there and it was a terrific struggle to answer the call, but he never failed to recognise his duty.\"\n\n2ND LT HENRY ANTHONY **BIRRELL-ANTHONY** (Monmouthshire Regt), killed on May 8, aged 28, was in the Repton Eleven in 1904 and two following years... { _W1917_ }\n\n_Wisden_ gives his surname as Birrell.\n\nMAJOR JOHN GEORGE **BLACKBURNE** (9th Sherwood Foresters) was killed in the Dardanelles on August 22, aged 43. He was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1890 and had been a member of the MCC since 1910. He played in many Army matches in Ireland and also appeared for the Free Foresters.\n\nHe served in the South African War. He was posthumously MiD for gallant and distinguished service in the field, having led men into battle at Sula Baba; a party of men were held up by enemy fire and he went to rally them. He shouted, \"Are there any Sherwoods here?\" and 15 men got up; he led them forward and was shot while jumping a bush.\n\nCAPT HARVEY **BLEASE** (15 Bn King's Liverpool Regt) was killed on August 7, aged 32, at Gallipoli. He was educated at Sedbergh, where he was in the Eleven, and later was for many years captain of the Sefton Park CC, Liverpool. In 1907, 1908, 1912 and 1913 he headed the latter's averages, his figures in the last-mentioned year being 52.72, with 167 not out as highest score. He was also a distinguished cross-country runner.\n\nHe was killed during a feint attack against the Turks near Krithia, Gallipoli.\n\nCPL CHARLES HERBERT **BLIGH** (8 Overseas Bn, Canadian Infantry, Manitoba Regt) was a well-known Winnipeg cricketer identified with the Free Press CC. He was born at Mirzapur, India, on October 5, 1881, and fell in action in France on April 25.\n\nLT EDWARD HENRY SWINBURNE **BLIGH** (Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve) was killed in action in the Dardanelles on September 10, aged 31. He played cricket both at Clifton and Cambridge, but was not in either Eleven. A son of the late Rev the Hon Henry Bligh, he was a member of the well-known Kent cricketing family. The present Earl of Darnley [who captained England as Ivo Bligh] was his cousin, and the late Rev the Hon E. V. Bligh his uncle.\n\nCAPT CHARLES GORDON **BOND** (2nd Wilts Regt), who was killed in action in Flanders on November 25, aged 34, was a very useful cricketer who played for his Regiment, Tidworth Garrison and Free Foresters. He had been a member of the MCC since 1905.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK HAMILTON BLIGH **BOND** (RFA), born at Aldershot, April 8, 1894, died of wounds May 13. Toronto CC. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT WINFIELD JOICE **BONSER** (Rifle Brigade) fell in action in France on September 25, aged 29. In 1904 he was in the Westminster Eleven, scoring 285 runs with an average of 17.81.\n\nHe was a barrister.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR GEORGE EVELYN **BOURCHIER** (2nd Royal Berks Regt) fell in action near Ypres on May 9, aged 24, having previously been wounded on April 12 while superintending a bomb-throwing experiment. He was educated at St Edmund's College, Old Hall, Ware, Herts, and was a very useful club cricketer. During one week's play in Devonshire in 1914 he scored 61, 42, 113 not out, 135 not out, 105 and 97.\n\nLT CHARLES **BOURNS** (Rifle Brigade), killed on May 25, aged 34, was in the Merchant Taylors' Eleven in 1899 and 1900... { _W1917_ }\n\nCAPT THE HON FERGUS **BOWES-LYON** (8th Black Watch), fourth son of the 14th Earl of Strathmore, was killed in France on September 27, aged 26. He was a keen cricketer and took part in the autumn fixtures at Glamis Castle.\n\nHe was one of five brothers of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. At her wedding in Westminster Abbey in 1923, she laid her bouquet on the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in his memory.\n\nPTE WILLIAM JAMES **BOWSER** (7 Overseas Bn, Canadian Infantry, British Columbia Regt) was born at Victoria, British Columbia, on September 9, 1891, and killed near Ypres on April 15. He was a useful batsman and played for Victoria University (BC) and Point Grey CC.\n\n*LT DRUCE ROBERT **BRANDT** (6th attached 1st, Rifle Brigade) was killed in Flanders on July 6. He was born at Streatham on October 20, 1887. A very good batsman and wicketkeeper, he was in the Harrow Eleven three years, commencing 1904, and in 1907 obtained his Blue for Oxford as a Freshman... He had been a member of the MCC since 1907. While at Harrow he won the Public Schools lightweight boxing championship.\n\n2ND LT JOHN KENNETH **BRICE-SMITH** (7 Bn Lincs Regt) was killed in Flanders on September 11, aged 20. He was useful both as batsman and change bowler, and at Cranleigh School, Surrey, was captain of the cricket and football teams and a member of the shooting eight. He was well-known in Lincolnshire club cricket.\n\n*MAJOR BERNARD MAYNARD LUCAS **BRODHURST** (4th Gurkha Rifles) was killed near Ypres on April 27, aged 41. As a fast bowler with good length and pace he obtained a place in the Clifton XI in 1889 and two following years... It was said of him: \"Would be a most destructive bowler if he could only bowl with the same confidence and luck with which he bats: he has improved in fielding.\" In 1892 he was in the Sandhurst Eleven... He had been a member of the MCC since 1905.\n\nHis single fc match was for Hampshire against Leicestershire at Southampton in August 1897; he bowled seven overs without taking a wicket and scored nine in his only innings.\n\nSUB-LT RUPERT CHAWNER **BROOKE** (Royal Naval Division), born at Rugby on August 3, 1887, died at Lemnos of sunstroke on April 23. In 1906 he was in the Rugby Eleven, and although he was unsuccessful in the Marlborough match he headed the School's bowling averages with a record of 19 wickets for 14.05 runs each. He had gained considerable reputation as a poet.\n\nHe actually died of blood poisoning following a mosquito bite when sailing for Gallipoli; he had been transferred to a hospital ship moored off the Greek island of Skyros, where he was buried in an olive grove. His younger brother William was killed in action in France less than two months later on June 14, 1915, aged 24.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK SEDDON **BROWN** (5th Manchester Regt), who fell in action in the Dardanelles on May 26, distinguished himself as a member of the Wigan CC, being a sound bat and a useful bowler.\n\nCAPT HAROLD VERNON **BROWNE** (1st Queen's Own Dorset Yeomanry) was born at Buckland Park, South Australia, and died on September 7, aged 30, of wounds received at the Dardanelles. In 1901 and 1902 he was in the Wellington Eleven, without, however, performing anything of note.\n\nHe was killed by a shell while acting as military landing officer. His name is on the war memorial at Iwerne Minster, Dorset, and there is a plaque in the church.\n\nMR HENRY AUGUSTINE **BRUMO** , who lost his life when the _Lusitania_ was torpedoed on May 7, was honorary secretary of the Commonwealth CC of Montclair (New Jersey) in 1912. He was born in London, and was 43.\n\nAlthough Brumo was a civilian casualty, the sinking of the _Lusitania_ by a U-boat off the southern coast of Ireland was widely considered a war crime: 1,198 passengers were drowned, 114 of them American. See also Cloete, below.\n\nCAPT LUTHER VINCENT **BURGOYNE-JOHNSON** (8th Durham Light Infantry), killed in action on April 26, aged 24, was a well-known Durham County club cricketer. He was brother of Mr F. W. Burgoyne-Johnson, whose name will be found occasionally in the County Eleven.\n\nHe was educated at Charterhouse and King's College, Cambridge; when war broke out, he was serving his articles as a solicitor in Middlesbrough.\n\n*LT FREDERICK BONHAM **BURR** (Worcs Regt), born 1887, killed March 12. Denstone College XI. Oxford Freshmen 1908. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe played a single match for Worcestershire against Oxford University in The Parks in 1911. His brother, Alfred, died on March 24, 1918, aged 27.\n\nLT LEONARD RIGHTON **BURROWS** (9th Northumberland Fusiliers) was born on October 10, 1888, and was killed in Flanders on October 2, aged 26. In 1905 and two following seasons he was in the Charterhouse Eleven, being a hard-hitting batsman and a moderate disciple of the Schwarz school... In 1906 he played an innings against Westminster destined to be long remembered, going in last man and carrying out his bat for 42, he and C. V. L. Hooman adding as many as 119 together. At Oxford in 1908 he took six wickets for 40 in the second innings of the Freshmen's match, but did not receive his Blue. He was a son of the Bishop of Sheffield.\n\nAfter leaving Oriel College, Oxford, he went to work in educational missions in India, but returned immediately to England on the outbreak of war. A brother officer, Capt Oswald Wreford-Brown (qv 1916) wrote: \"The truest, bravest, kindest friend a man could have, has been taken from us. Righton died as one would have expected. He died for his country \u2013 going to the aid of a wounded soldier... He was a man to follow. There were not many dry eyes when we carried Righton out. His year in the Army has inspired many.\"\n\n2ND LT HAROLD STERNDALE ENTWISLE **BURY** (Grenadier Guards), born in 1889, was killed in the trenches on January 25. He was in the Eton XI in 1907...\n\nPTE HERBERT BOYER **BUTLER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Winnipeg on November 19, 1895, was killed on May 21. He was a member of the Five Ways CC and one of the most promising young cricketers in Victoria (British Columbia). { _W1917_ }\n\n*CAPT HUGH MONTAGU **BUTTERWORTH** (9th Rifle Brigade) was killed in Flanders on September 25, aged 29. He was educated at Marlborough, where he was in the Eleven in 1903 and 1904... Proceeding to Oxford, he made many good scores for University College, but did not obtain his Blue, although he was accorded a few trials in the Eleven in 1906 on the strength of an innings of 130 in the Seniors' Match, wherein he and C. J. Farmer scored 157 for the first wicket. In 1905 and 1906 he played rackets (doubles) for Oxford v Cambridge, in the former year having the Hon D. N. Bruce as a partner and in the latter G. N. Foster. Subsequently he settled in Wanganui, New Zealand, where he kept up the game, and in the early part of the 1914-15 season scored 296 and 311 in consecutive innings.\n\nAmong Butterworth's contemporaries at Marlborough were Leslie Woodroffe (qv 1916) and Siegfried Sassoon. He played 21 games for Wiltshire in the Minor Counties Championship from 1904 to 1906. From 1907, he was a master at Wanganui Collegiate School, where the cricket pavilion was later built in his memory. The school has a remarkable record of service in the Great War: six other masters gave their lives, and in all, 668 former pupils served, at a time when only some 2,000 had passed through the school; 152 lost their lives. Butterworth's \"Letters from Flanders\" to the school were first published in a memorial book in 1916, and more recently in _Blood & Iron: Letters from the Western Front_ (2011). The letters are written in an insouciant style, and portray his self-deprecating sense of humour amid the horrors of the trenches.\n\nJuly 5, 1915:\n\nStill sleeping! One begins to wonder what has happened to the war. True they shell the town occasionally and we see wounded coming through, but we ourselves still lead delectable lives. Yesterday, being Sunday, we went forth on nags to the Oxford and Bucks. Having lunched \u2013 we played cricket! A wonderful pitch of course but great fun. We made 96, the Wanganui willow-welder [sic] taking a scratchin quintette. It was terrifically hot. Then they journeyed to the wickets and Butterworth (not captain I may say) bowled unchanged and snaffled seven wickets. They beat us by two wickets. We then returned \"au gallop\" to our billets.\n\nSaturday, 2.30pm, July 17:\n\nQuite a good morning. Wet, I admit, but our gunner-sport has lost his ammunition or wanted sleep, or gone to London or something, and we've been quite peaceful. The first item of interest this morning was the fact that my roof dripped. I got out all my matchboxes and tobacco-lids and cups and so on, and placed a fairly clever field, but soon I found I wanted three slips, an extra cover and a short leg...\n\nSeptember 16:\n\nThe relieving feature of it all is the extraordinary good terms all we \"relics\" are on. We are a \"bonhomous\" crowd. A quaint medley, three boys of 19, two Australians, three youngsters of 23 or 24 and me!! I am the hoary-headed old sport. One of the stock jokes at my expense is to ask one if they played cricket in top hats in my time. But I assure you I get my own back in the way of subtle jokes. However they are delightful children and we have been through such times together that we know each other pretty well. Also we can trust each others' nerves pretty well.\n\n_Hugh Butterworth_\n\nSeptember 20, I think:\n\nI have been so very busy that I have started odd letters to people and never finished them. I am writing a sort of valedictory to you and may leave it behind, or may post the thing myself. Things are moving. We find we are part of a real proper show which we hope is going to mess up the Bosche a whole lot. Also we have been lent five officers, and my lad is quite a tiger and I think will step in cheerily. However I have had to take the really bad job myself, partly out of shame (one can't with decency give it to anyone else) and partly to assist the company's morale, as I think they will come after me if they see one jumping off into the dust and din.\n\nThen this last letter:\n\n(I am posting this myself just before leaving. Perhaps I shan't be killed!!)\n\nI am leaving this in the hands of the transport officer, and if I get knocked out, he will send it on to you. We are going into a big thing. It will be my pleasant duty to leap lightly over the parapet and lead D Company over the delectable confusion of old trenches, crump holes, barbed wire, that lies between us and the Bosche, and take a portion of his front line. Quo facto I shall then proceed to bomb down various communication trenches and take his second line. In the very unlikely event of my being alive by then I shall dig in like the blazes and if God is good, stop the Bosche counter-attack, which will come in an hour or two. If we stop that I shall then in broad daylight have to get out wire in front under machine-gun fire and probably stop at least one more counter-attack and a bomb attack from the flank. If all that happens successfully, and I'm still alive, I shall hang on until relief. Well, when one is faced with a programme like that, one touches up one's will, thank heaven one has led a fairly amusing life, thanks God one is not married, and trusts in Providence. Unless we get more officers before the show, I am practically bound to be outed as I shall have to lead all these things myself. Anyway, if I do go out I shall do so amidst such a scene of blood and iron as even this war has rarely witnessed. We are going to bombard for a week, explode a mine and then charge. One does see life doesn't one? Of course there is always a chance of only being wounded and the off-chance of pulling through. Of course, one has been facing death pretty intimately for months now, but with this ahead, one must realise that, in the vernacular of New Zealand, one's numbers are probably up. We are not a sentimental crowd at the Collegiate School, Wanganui, but I think in a letter of this sort, one can say how frightfully attached one is to the old brigade. Also I am very, very much attached to the School, and to Selwyn in particular.\n\nThere are two thousand things I should like to say about what I feel, but they can't be put down, I find. Live long and prosper, all of you. Curiously enough, I don't doubt my power to stick it out, and I think my men will follow me.\n\nLT GEORGE EDWARD FORMAN **CAMPBELL** (2 Bn 10th Gurkha Rifles), who was killed at the Dardanelles on August 7, aged 21, was in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven in 1909 and two following years... Both at the Academy and Sandhurst he was in the XV.\n\nLT THOMAS CALLENDER **CAMPBELL** (Royal Engineers), who died on October 8, aged 30, of wounds sustained in Gallipoli, was a useful batsman who played for the Ottawa CC. { _W1917_ }\n\nCPL EVAN STUART **CAMERON** (14 Bn Canadian Infantry, Quebec Regt), killed at St Julien on April 21, aged 21, was captain of the Blundell's School XI in 1912, when he headed the averages with 40.92. That year he was chosen for the Public Schools XI against the MCC at Lord's and scored 20. He played for Montreal v Australians in 1913, and the same year was a member of the Montreal team which visited New York and Philadelphia. In the match v Staten Island he scored 140. He was born at Inverness on September 2, 1893.\n\nCAPT EDWARD BERRY **CARPENTER** (Plymouth Bn RN Division RMLI) died of wounds at the Dardanelles on August 18, aged 29. He was in the Winchester Eleven in 1905... He did not obtain his Blue at Oxford.\n\nMAJOR WILLIAM OXENHAM **CAUTLEY** , DSO (3rd Suffolk Regt, attd to 1st Northants), was born in 1875 and killed on May 9 while leading his men against the German trenches. He was in the Bradfield Eleven in 1892, 1893 and 1894, and was described as: \"A very fair fast-medium bowler of his day; a very unsafe, though at times a brilliant, field; has no idea of batting; handicapped much by ill-health.\" He received his DSO for conspicuous gallantry on December 22, 1914, near La Quinque Rue.\n\n2ND LT R. M. **CHADWICK** (RGA) died of wounds on May 12. He was in the Rugby Eleven in 1902 and two following years, and in his three matches v Marlborough, at Lord's, made 94 runs in five innings, his highest score being 46 in 1904. At times he bowled well, though never more than as a change.\n\n_Wisden 1920_ carried this Erratum: \"In _Wisden_ for 1916 it was stated that 2ND LT R. M. CHADWICK (Rugby Eleven, 1902), died of wounds on May 12, 1915. Mr Chadwick is happily alive and well. The mistake probably arose through some confusion of initials.\"\n\nIt appears he was mistaken for 2nd Lt Richard Markham Chadwick of the RGA, educated at Wellington, who died on May 13, 1915, aged 20.\n\nThe man who was incorrectly obituarised was the Rev Rohan Mackenzie Chadwick, who was born at Bidston Hill, Birkenhead, Cheshire, on September 11, 1885, and died at Poole, Dorset, on May 24, 1968, aged 82. He was in the Rugby Eleven from 1902 to 1904, as stated above. He played four matches for Cheshire in 1909 and 1910, and several seasons for Dorset in the 1920s; he played his final match for Dorset in 1931 when, opening the batting, he top-scored in the second innings against Wiltshire with 16 out of 45. He was headmaster of Forres School, Swanage, from 1919 to 1936 (the school having been founded by his older brother Arthur at Northwood, Middlesex, in 1908) and was curate at Swanage from 1934 to 1936. He had served in the Royal Garrison Artillery in the war. He had a brief second obituary in the 1969 _Wisden_ , which did not refer to the earlier obituary, and incorrectly gave the date of death as February 15, 1968, not May 24; it stated that his matches for Dorset were played before his ordination.\n\nLT-COL EDWARD HENRY **CHAPMAN** (6 Bn Yorks Regt), who was killed in action in the Dardanelles on August 7, aged 40, was in the Eleven at Aysgarth and United Services College, Westward Ho! but not at Sandhurst. He was a keen follower of hounds.\n\n2ND LT ALBAN KINGSFORD **CHAYTOR** (3 Bn Worcs Regt) died of wounds in France on May 26, aged 24. He was educated at King's School, Worcester, where he was successively captain of cricket and of the boats.\n\nLT JAMES LESLIE **CHESTER** (9th King's Liverpool Regt) was killed in action on July 6. He was captain of cricket and football at Birkenhead School, and was 19.\n\n*CAPT ESME FAIRFAX **CHINNERY** (Coldstream Guards and Royal Flying Corps) was killed on January 18 while flying in an aeroplane as a passenger. He was born in 1886 and educated at Eton, where he was in the Eleven in 1905... Since 1910 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nHe scored 47 in his one match for Surrey against Oxford University in 1906. He was half-brother of H. B. Chinnery (qv), who was killed on May 28, 1916.\n\nLT AND ADJT FREDERICK JOHN **CHRISTISON** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), killed December 2, aged 20. Edinburgh Academy XI, University College (Oxford) XI. Played in the Oxford Freshmen's Match 1914 and a Trial Game. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT C. G. **CLARKE** (8th East Yorks Regt), who died of wounds received in action in October, was in the Bradfield Eleven in 1914, when he scored 27 runs in three innings.\n\nThis is another case of mistaken identity on the part of _Wisden_ (see also Chadwick above, and Hayes below). Lt Cyril George Clarke, of 8th East Yorks Regt, who came from Haddenham, Bucks, and who died of wounds in France on September 26, was 26 according to CWGC records, and therefore too old to have been the C. G. Clarke who was in the batting averages for Bradfield in 1914. In fact, the schoolboy C. G. Clarke also appears in the Bradfield batting averages for 1915, and again for 1916 when he also headed the bowling averages. _Wisden 1917_ also has a scorecard of a match played on June 1, 1916, between Winchester College and Bradfield College at Winchester in which Clarke, opening the batting, scored 25 before being bowled by Hubert Ashton, and he then dismissed both Winchester College openers, although they hit 115 and 54.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM HAMILTON **CLARKE** (3 Bn Worcs Regt) fell in action near St Eloi on March 12, aged 22. As a member of the Rugby Eleven of 1912, he headed the batting averages with 27.08, making 325 runs with 118 not out as his highest score. Against Marlborough [ _Wisden_ incorrectly states \"Rugby\"] he failed in batting, making only 10 and nought, but he took four wickets for 34 runs.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD DENIS **CLIXBY** (4th Lincs Regt), who was killed in France on October 13, aged 18, was educated at Berkhamsted School, where he was in the Eleven in 1912 and two following years...\n\nMR WILLIAM BRODRICK **CLOETE** was born in 1851 and was drowned in the torpedoing of the _Lusitania_ on May 7. Since 1877 he had been a member of the MCC, for which he played in many matches... He was a well-known owner and breeder of racehorses. The best horse he ever had was Paradox \u2013 second to Melton in the Derby in 1885.\n\nAlthough Cloete was a civilian casualty, the sinking of the _Lusitania_ by a U-boat off the southern coast of Ireland was widely considered a war crime: 1,198 passengers were drowned, 114 of them American. See also Brumo, above.\n\nLT ALAN DAVID **COATES** (London Regt, Royal Fusiliers) died of wounds on April 28, aged 21. As a left-handed batsman he obtained a place in the Tonbridge School Eleven, whose averages he headed in 1912 with 41.54 for an aggregate of 458 runs. In 1914 he appeared in the Seniors' match at Cambridge, scoring three and eight, but was not tried in the Eleven.\n\nCAPT KENNETH RHODES **COBB** (King's Royal Rifles), born June 6, 1875, killed July 1. Sedbergh School XI, 1915. Balliol (Ox) XI. Member of MCC since 1897. { _W1918_ }\n\nThe date of his time in the Sedbergh XI is incorrect, as he was at the school between 1889 and 1893, when he went to Balliol. He was killed west of Krithia during an attempt to break through the Turkish defences at Achi Baba, Gallipoli.\n\nLT CADWALLADER JOHN **COKER** (Welsh Regt), killed June 22, aged 23. Wellington College XI, 1911. Oxford Freshmen, 1912. Oriel (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT PHILIP **COLLINS** (7th Rifle Brigade), who fell in Flanders on July 30, was born at Beckenham on November 8, 1882, and educated at Rugby, where he just missed being in the Eleven. He was a useful run-getter and played chiefly for the Incogniti and Butterflies. In 1913 he accompanied the Incogniti team to America as manager, and was joint author with Mr Michael Falcon of A _n Account of the American Tour, 1913_. For many years Mr Collins was hon. secretary of the Hockey Association, a position he resigned in 1912, and he acted as the Association's representative at the Olympic Games. He was also a vice-president of the Hockey Association and hon. secretary of the International Board. By profession he was a solicitor.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT EDWIN READ **COLLISSON** (1st\/6th South Staffs Regt) was killed in action in France on October 13, aged 28. He played both cricket and football for St Edward's School, Oxford.\n\nCAPT BASIL JOHN LESLIE CLYMPING **CONSTABLE** (4th Royal Sussex Regt), killed in action on August 9, aged 30, was honorary secretary of the Littlehampton CC.\n\n**CAPT FREDERICK JAMES **COOK** (10 Bn, Border Regt) died of wounds at Helles, Gallipoli, on November 30, aged 45. He was born in Java, Dutch East Indies, on January 31, 1870. A right-hand bat, he played for South Africa in the First Test against Lord Hawke's England at Port Elizabeth in February 1896, and had five games for Eastern Province in the Currie Cup between March 1894 and December 1904, with a highest score of 59. He is buried at Pink Farm Cemetery, Helles.\n\nPTE ARNOLD **CORDER** (7th Durham Light Infantry), a member of the Sunderland first eleven, died of wounds on May 26, aged 23.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD WALKER **COREN** (RFA), died on June 15 of wounds received in action, aged 22. He was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1910 and 1911, being a useful all-round performer without achieving much of note.\n\nHe is listed in _Wisden_ under Walker-Coren. After leaving Cheltenham he spent a year training with the RFA Special Reserve at Aldershot before leaving for the Malay States, where he worked for the Malacca Rubber Plantations. He returned to England on the outbreak of war and went to the Front in March. On the night of June 14 he went out with a party of men laying telephone wires. They had to take shelter three times owing to the heavy shellfire, but when they made another attempt he and three of the four men with him were so severely wounded that they died the next day.\n\nLT NORMAN JOHN **COX** (7th Royal Sussex Regt) was killed in Flanders on August 23, aged 27. He was in the Eleven at Highgate School and subsequently played with some success for Hertfordshire...\n\nPTE ARCHIE McAULAY **CRAWFORD** (Canadian Infantry), who was born at Beith, in Scotland, on September 3, 1894, and fell in action on October 13, played for the Galt CC, of Canada. He was a forcing batsman and a good wicketkeeper. { _W1917_ }\n\nCAPT ALFRED ERNEST SACKVILLE **CRESSWELL** (East Kent Regt) was killed in action on March 13, aged 36. He was a well-known club cricketer, playing for his Regiment, the Band of Brothers and other touring teams. He was a good batsman.\n\nCAPT CHARLES ARTHUR **CUNINGHAM** (6th Border Regt) was killed in the Dardanelles on August 10, aged 25. He was not in the Eleven at Cheltenham, but played for Sandhurst in 1909... He played much Army cricket in Aldershot, Ireland and Burma, and was an all-round athlete.\n\n*CAPT WILFRED JOHN HUTTON **CURWEN** (6 Bn Royal Fusiliers, attached 3 Bn) was killed in action in France on May 13. He was born at Beckenham on April 14, 1883... In 1901 and 1902 he was in the Charterhouse Eleven... At Oxford he obtained his Blue in 1906... Occasionally he appeared for Surrey, and in 1906-07 was a member of the MCC's team to New Zealand. Subsequently he went to Australia as ADC to Sir John Fuller, Lord Denman and Sir Munro Ferguson, and during 1911-12 was thus enabled to play for the MCC's team at Geelong and Ballarat. He was a good batsman and a useful fast-medium bowler. At Oxford he obtained his Blue for Association football.\n\nLT FRANCIS RUDOLF **DANSON** (Cheshire Regt), born January 30, 1892, killed August 10. Trinity College (Oxford) XI. (Not in XI while at Sedbergh.) { _W1918_ }\n\nHe was killed during an attack on the commanding heights east of Suvla Bay, Gallipoli.\n\nCAPT ROBERT CLIFFORD **DARLING** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto on May 23, 1886, died of wounds in London (England) on April 19, 1915. He was in the Upper Canada College Eleven in 1897 and 1898. { _W1917_ }\n\nHe was wounded at Neuve-Chappelle on March 23, 1915, and is buried at Toronto (Mount Pleasant) Cemetery. He was the first Canadian soldier to be killed overseas but be buried at home.\n\n*COL WILLIAM LESLIE **DAVIDSON** , CB (Royal Artillery), born in Scotland on January 31, 1850, died of heart failure in France on August 3 while holding a depot command at the base. He was a fine, free hitter, and represented the Royal Artillery at cricket, football, rackets and billiards. In 1869 he was in the Woolwich Eleven, scoring eight and 50 v Sandhurst, and had been a member of the MCC since 1873. He took part in the Zulu, Afghan and Boer Wars, was mentioned in Despatches twice, and received the CB in 1901.\n\nHe retired in 1907 after a distinguished military career, and in 1913 was appointed Gentleman Usher to the King. On the outbreak of war he immediately volunteered for active service and was sent to command No. 4 General Base Depot at Rouen, where he fell victim to \"over-exertion\", according to _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_. Aged 65, he was the oldest first-class cricketer to die in the war; he was dismissed for nought when he played alongside W. G. Grace in 1877 in his one match for MCC, against Cambridge University. He had two sons: Capt Donald Alastair Leslie Davidson, MC, was killed in France on April 30, 1917, aged 25; Lt-Col Colin Keppel Davidson, CIE, OBE, who also served in WW1 and was a Clerk of the House of Lords from 1919, was killed in Tunisia on March 2, 1943, aged 47.\n\n*CAPT GEOFFREY BOISSELIER **DAVIES** (11th Essex Regt), born on October 26, 1892, fell in action near Hulluch, France, on September 26. In 1909 and three following years he was in the Rossall Eleven, being captain in 1912... Proceeding to Cambridge, he at once made his mark, scoring 81 and 18 and taking five wickets for 19 in the second innings of the Freshmen's match of 1913. Both in that year and the next he played against Oxford... In 1912, 1913 and 1914 he assisted Essex, and there can be but little doubt that, but for the War, he would have developed into an England player. In all first-class matches in 1914 he made 852 runs (average 21.30) and took 83 wickets (average 19.72): he twice reached three figures, scoring 118 v Somerset at Weston-super-Mare, and 100 v Northamptonshire at Leyton. He had good strokes on both sides of the wicket, and was an excellent slip fieldsman. He was an all-round athlete.\n\nHis two centuries were in the last home game for Essex before the war, when his 100 came in 81 minutes, followed by 118 in the final match at Weston-super-Mare, when _Wisden_ said he \"hit brilliantly\" after taking four Somerset wickets for 18.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE LLEWELYN **DAVIES** (King's Royal Rifle Corps) fell in action on March 15, aged 21. He was in the Eton XI in 1912... His bowling was left-hand medium-pace.\n\nHe and his younger brothers, Jack, Peter, Michael and Nicholas, were the inspiration for characters in J. M. Barrie's _Peter Pan_ ; they had met the playwright during outings with their nurse to Kensington Gardens. Barrie later became their joint guardian when they were orphaned. A version of the story is told in the 2004 film _Finding Neverland_ , with Johnny Depp as Barrie and Kate Winslet as Mrs Sylvia Llewelyn Davies. Kevin Telfer in his book on Barrie's Allahakbarries cricket team, _Peter Pan's First XI_ (2010), suggests that George, rather than Peter, most resembled the character of Peter Pan. \"This dreadful war will get them all in the end,\" said Barrie when he was given the news of George's death. In fact, Peter Llewelyn Davies, who fought at the Somme and later won the MC, survived the war but committed suicide in 1960, aged 63. See also Capt H. L. N. Dundas, who was killed on September 27, 1918.\n\nPTE VALENTINE LLEWELLYN GREATRIUS **DAVIES** (7 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Crickhowell, Brecon, on November 23, 1886, was killed on April 24. Was a member of the New Westminster CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\n*THE 8TH EARL **DE LA WARR** (GILBERT GEORGE REGINALD SACKVILLE) (Lt, RNVR), born on March 22, 1869, died at Messina [while in command of a motor patrol boat] on December 16. He was not in the XI whilst at Charterhouse, but was fond of the game, and in 1894 and 1896 got together sides which played the South Africans and Australians respectively at Bexhill. He himself played in both matches, scoring nought and eight not out in the first \u2013 he was then Viscount Cantelupe \u2013 and one in the second.\n\nHis two fc matches were for Lord Sheffield's XI v MCC at Sheffield Park in May 1891 (when he scored one) and for his own team against the Australians at Bexhill in July 1896 (when he again scored one). The match against the South Africans in 1894 was not first-class.\n\nLT AUBREY CRAWSHAW **DENHAM** (6th Beds Regt), a keen student of cricket lore and a regular contributor to _Wisdens Almanack_ , died at Huddersfield on April 1, aged 33. He was at first in the OTC at Leeds, but afterwards joined the Royal Naval Division when the commission for which he applied did not arrive. On November 25, however, a letter addressed \"Lieut Denham\" was forwarded to him at the Crystal Palace, where he was stationed. Two days later he returned home, only to take to his bed, and there he remained, except for a few hours downstairs about Christmas, until he passed away. He made a close study of the life and times of Napoleon, on which subject he was an authority.\n\nHe first caught a chill at Crystal Palace and then pleurisy set in, with complications.\n\nMAJOR WILFRED HARRY **DENT** (10th Yorks Regt) was killed in action in France on September 26, aged 48. In 1884 and 1885 he was in the Harrow Eleven... He saw active service in the Chin Hills in Burmah and at the Relief of Pekin in 1900. Since 1887 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nLT CYRIL MAXFIELD **DIXON** (4th York and Lancaster Regt) fell in action in France on August 30. He was in the Bradford College Eleven in 1910 and two following years...\n\nPTE ANDREW THOMAS **DOW** (10 Bn, Canadian Infantry) was born at Kinclavin, Scotland, on May 29, 1891, and killed in action on June 9. He was well known in Winnipeg cricket circles as a member of the Young Conservative CC.\n\n*CAPT GEOFFREY CHARLES WALTER **DOWLING** (7th King's Royal Rifle Corps) was killed in Flanders on July 30, aged 23. He was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1908 and two following years... In Public School games his highest scores were 78 not out (going in tenth) v Westminster in 1908, 57 v Haverford in 1910, and 31 v Wellington in 1908. At Cambridge, where he did very well indeed in college cricket, he made 60 in the Freshmen's match in 1911, but obtained spectacles in the Seniors' two years later. He appeared for Sussex three times in 1911 and once in 1913, his largest innings being 48 v Cambridge University at Cambridge, and 33 v Kent at Tunbridge Wells, both in the former season. In 1913 he became a member of the MCC, and playing for the Club at Rye that year he scored 138, he and R. D. Cochrane (184) adding 294 together for the second wicket.\n\nLT PATRICK CAMPBELL **DRUMMOND** (8th King's Own Scottish Borderers) was killed in action in France on September 26, aged 27. He was educated at Loretto, where he was in the first XV, and played cricket for Stirling County in 1906 and 1907.\n\nL\/CPL JOHN WILLIAM **DUFF** (Machine-Gun Squad, Canadian Infantry), played for the Calgary CC, of Alberta. He was born at Maryport, Cumberland, on October 19, 1888, and died of wounds at Boulogne on November 6. { _W1917_ }\n\nMAJOR ERNEST ELLIOT **EDLMANN** , DSO (RA, 23rd Peshawar Mountain Battery), who was born in 1869, died on April 17 of wounds received on April 14 at Shaiba, Persian Gulf. He was educated at Leamington College, where he was one of five brothers in the Eleven at various times. In 1887 he played for the RMA, Woolwich, having a batting average of 10.16, and being second in the bowling with a record of 44 wickets for 12.22 runs each. He also appeared occasionally for the West Kent CC.\n\n*CAPT ARTHUR CORBETT **EDWARDS** (Royal West Kent Regt), born 1871, killed September 25. Eton v Winchester 1890; St Edmund's Hall (Ox) XI; Kent Second XI: made 75 and 34 v Middlesex Second XI at Hythe, 1895. Did great things for the Folkestone CC, e.g., in June 1911, v Hythe, at Folkestone, he (169*) and D. M. Radford (106*) made 288 without loss when Folkestone went in to get 285. For Folkestone v Shorncliffe Garrison, at Shorncliffe, in June 1904, he bowled unchanged through the home side's innings of 118, taking seven wickets for 45, and batted through the other innings, scoring 49. No other player made double figures for Folkestone, the next highest score in the total of 85 being seven. Had been a member of the MCC since 1909. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe played a single match for Europeans against Parsees at Pune in 1902, and once for Orange Free State in the semi-final of the Currie Cup against Transvaal at Bloemfontein in 1904.\n\nLT-COL ARTHUR GEORGE EDWARD **EGERTON** (Commanding 1st Coldstream Guards) was born in 1879 and fell in action in France on September 29. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Eton, but played for the Guards. He took part in the South African War, and had been wounded a short time before his death.\n\nCAPT JOHN **EGERTON-WARBURTON** (Scots Guards), born December 13, 1883, died August 30, in the Manchester Military Hospital from acute blood poisoning. Eton XI, 1901 and 1902. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe went on to Christ Church, Oxford. He died after being wounded in France in May 1915.\n\nCAPT ALFRED CHARLES ERNEST **ELBOROUGH** (6th King's Own Yorks Light Infantry) died of wounds received whilst serving in the Expeditionary Force on July 31, aged 37. For four years, commencing 1895, he was in the Blair Lodge XI, being captain in 1897 and 1898, in each of which seasons he headed the batting averages... He had good defence and was a very useful wicketkeeper.\n\nLT WILLIAM LAWRENCE **ELIOT** (West Yorks Regt), killed on September 20, aged 24, was in the Exeter School Eleven in 1909. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT BASIL HERBERT **ELLIS** (5th King's Shrops Light Infantry) was killed in France on June 16, aged 20. A steady and sound batsman, he was in the Shrewsbury Eleven in 1912 and two following years...\n\nMAJOR GEORGE ADAMS **ELLIS** (Cameronians), who was killed in action on March 10, aged 45, was in the Sherborne Eleven in 1886, 1887 and 1888, in the last-mentioned year being the best all-round man in the team... He excelled on the football field and as a runner also.\n\nHe was a brewer in the family firm at Wimborne, Dorset.\n\n*LT (ACTING CAPT) CHARLES HOWARD **EYRE** (6th King's Royal Rifles) was born at Liverpool on March 26, 1883, and fell in action in France on September 25. He played for Harrow for three years (1900 to 1902) and for Cambridge, being captain of each side during his last year, and it is worthy of mention that in his six great matches at Lord's \u2013 against Eton and Oxford \u2013 he was not once on the losing side. For this happy experience he himself was not largely responsible... At Harrow his most successful season was that of 1901, when he obtained 302 runs with an average of 30.20, his highest scores being 105 v I Zingari and 100 v Old Harrovians. His great feat was to make 153 in three hours and a half, with only one chance, for the University against Yorkshire, at Cambridge, in 1906. That year he had a strong side under him, and his task of selection was unusually easy, seeing that he had eight old Blues to choose from. He was a son of the late Archdeacon of Sheffield, and since 1906 had been an assistant master at Harrow. He joined the MCC in 1904.\n\nCAPT LESLIE SHAW **FARQUHARSON** (1st Royal Scots), who was killed near Ypres on May 12, aged 31, was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1902, when he had a batting average of 10.50. In the following year he averaged 7.38 for the RMC Sandhurst.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES REGINALD **FAUSSET** (3 Bn, attd 1st Royal Irish Regt), who fell in action on May 2, aged 36, rendered excellent service at cricket for Dublin University and Leinster. He was in the Eleven at Rathmines School, and was a good, though patient, batsman, and an all-round athlete. At one time he was mile and quarter-mile champion of Ireland.\n\nLT JOHN WHITE **FERGUSON** (RNVR) was born in 1890 and was killed in the Dardanelles on June 4. He was in the Westminster Eleven of 1908...\n\nLT DARE HAMILTON **FIELD** (2nd London Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery), an all-round player who had appeared occasionally for Buckinghamshire, fell in action near Ypres on April 22, aged 23. He was born on August 31, 1891. In his first match for the county he made 112 v Bedfordshire in 1912, and in his last 116 v MCC and Ground, at Lord's in 1913. At Wellington he headed the batting averages in 1908...\n\n2ND LT OLIVER **FIELD** (Durham Light Infantry) was killed in action in France on July 18, aged 42. A steady batsman and good field, he was in the Clifton College Eleven in 1890... Proceeding to Oxford, he played for Trinity in 1892 and 1893... His highest innings for the College was 100 not out v Malvern College in 1893. He was a direct descendant of Oliver Cromwell.\n\nCAPT RICHARD FENWICK **FINKE** (2nd Royal Sussex Regt), killed on May 9, was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1895 and 1896... He was a useful batsman and a smart field at point. He served in the South African War, and was 37.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR CHARLES **FLUKE** (116th Battery, Royal Field Artillery) was born on September 9, 1891, and killed at Cuinchy on January 10. He was posthumously mentioned in Despatches. He was in the King's School, Canterbury, Eleven in 1908, 1909 and 1910, being captain the last-mentioned year. In 1911 he led the Woolwich Eleven which was beaten so badly by Sandhurst owing to the remarkable all-round cricket of R. St. L. Fowler.\n\nOn the day he was killed he was sent forward to the trenches near Givenchy with a mortar section and was wounded four times before his mortar was finally put out of action. Seeing the men of another regiment whose officers were either killed, wounded or retreating, he rallied these troops, despite being unarmed, and led them back into the attack. He was hit fatally for the fifth and final time.\n\nTPR JACK **FLUX** (10th Australian Light Horse), a former captain of cricket and football at Colchester Royal Grammar School, was killed in the Dardanelles on August 7.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR LLEWELYN **FORD** (12th King's Liverpool Regt), who died in action in Flanders on September 27, was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1912... Subsequently he played a few times for Durham.\n\nMAJOR HUGH MURRAY **FORSTER** (8th King's Own Scottish Borderers) died in France on September 26, aged 32. He was in the Charterhouse XI in 1901 and 1902...\n\n2ND LT HERBERT GLOYNE FORSTER **FORSTER-MORRIS** (1st South Wales Borderers) died in France on October 10 of wounds received on September 26, aged 19. He was a member of the Exeter School Eleven in 1913 and 1914.\n\nLT JOHN HYLAND **FOSDICK** (7th Rifle Brigade) died in Flanders on July 31, aged 20, of shrapnel wounds in the head. He was in the Charterhouse XI in 1912 and 1913... In 1914 he played for the Freshmen at Cambridge and also for his college (Pembroke) Eleven. As a Freshman he obtained his Blue for Association football, and in 1914 visited the Argentine with the Corinthian team.\n\nCAPT STANLEY **FOSTER-JACKSON** (6th Manchester Regt) was killed in the Dardanelles on June 4, aged 27. He was educated at St Winifred's, Kenley, and Shrewsbury, scoring for the latter 99 runs in 1904 with an average of 19.80. He had also played [rugby] football for Lancashire.\n\nLT LOUIS RICHARD **FOWLE** (14th King George's Own Sikhs) was killed in action in the Dardanelles on June 4, aged 29. In 1904 he was in the Wellington Eleven... At rugby football he captained the Wellington XV, and played three-quarter for the RMC, Sandhurst, and in 1912 won the gold Amateur Golf Championship of North India at Gulmarg, Kashmir.\n\n*CPL THEODORE HUMPHREY **FOWLER** (Honourable Artillery Company) died in the London County Hospital, Epsom, on August 17, after an operation for hernia. He was born on September 25, 1879. In 1894 and three following seasons he was in the Lancing Eleven, being captain in 1897... He could hit hard when necessary, and was a useful wicketkeeper, and for two seasons he won all the long-distance races at the College. Between 1901 and 1914 he played cricket for Gloucestershire (by birth) [46 matches] and Dorset, his most noteworthy feat being to make 114 for the former against London County at the Crystal Palace in 1903, when he and Wrathall (160) scored 277 together for the first wicket. He was twice wounded in action, and twice declined a commission.\n\nHe was evacuated from France with a hernia and earlier suffered shellshock at Ypres.\n\nLT-COL FREDERICK CHARLES **FRANCE-HAYHURSTFRANCE-HAYHURST** (4 Bn Royal Welsh Fusiliers) was born on April 23, 1872, and was killed in action in France on May 9. He was in the Eton Eleven of 1891, when he was described as: \"A dashing but very uncertain player, very dangerous when set, hitting very hard all round; safe field.\"... He had been a member of the MCC since 1892.\n\nL\/CPL FRANK TOWNSEND **GALLIHER** (Canadian Infantry), was born at Lethbridge, Alberta, on August 30, 1892, and killed between May 18 and 22. He was in the Upper Canada College Eleven in 1907 and three following years, and later played with the Victoria CC of British Columbia. { _W1917_ }\n\n*LT HUBERT FREDERIC **GARRETT** (9 Service Bn East Yorkshire Regt) was killed in the Dardanelles on June 4, aged 29. He was an excellent bat and effective googly bowler, but did not obtain a place in the Cambridge Eleven. In the Eastbourne Week of 1913 he bowled very effectively for Mr H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI, his analyses against Cambridge University being three for 31 and five for 39, and against Oxford six for 60 and four for 32. In all first-class matches that season he made 209 runs with an average of 13.06 and took 32 wickets for 20.93 runs apiece. He was well-known in Eastbourne club cricket, and appeared occasionally for Somerset.\n\nHe was the son of the Australian Tom Garrett who, at the time of his death in 1943, was the last survivor of the first Test match in 1877.\n\nCAPT JOHN **GEDDES** (79th Cameron Highlanders of Canada), who was born in Chicago, was killed in action in Flanders. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Rugby, but upon settling in Winnipeg in 1903 played much in club cricket. He was born on November 6, 1879, and died April 23, 1915.\n\nHe fell during the second battle of Ypres. He was so well regarded by the men of his company that they commissioned a brooch, modelled after the Cameron Officers' crest in precious stones, and presented it to his widow. The Geddes Brooch is now held by the regiment and is loaned to the CO's wife to wear on special regimental occasions.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM PURDON **GEEN** (9 Bn King's Royal Rifle Corps) was born on March 14, 1891, and killed at the Dardanelles on July 31. In 1907 and three following years he was in the Haileybury Eleven... In 1910, 1911 and 1912 he appeared occasionally for Monmouthshire.\n\nBilly Geen went on to Oxford University where he gained his Blue for rugby, playing for four years in the Varsity match, 1910\u201313, in the first two years alongside Ronald Poulton Palmer (qv); he also won three Welsh rugby caps.\n\n2ND LT LESLIE KEITH **GIFFORD-WOOD** (Yorkshire Regt), was killed at Suvla Bay on August 22. (He had previously been reported wounded and missing, and it was not announced definitely until February 1916 that he had fallen.) He was educated at Richmond School, Yorkshire, where he was in the Eleven. { _W1917_ }\n\nCAPT RICHARD BOWIE GASKELL **GLOVER** (Royal Fusiliers), who was killed on November 5, aged 31, played a few times for Uppingham in 1902. { _W1917_ }\n\n2ND LT ERIC JAMES **GODWARD** (Middlesex Regt), born on February 19, 1895, was killed on August 25. He was in the Merchant Taylors' XI in 1912. { _W1917_ }\n\n_Wisden_ wrongly gave the date he was killed as October 9; he was shot while on patrol duty, a month after arriving in France.\n\n2ND LT JOHN SOUTHCOTE **GOSLETT** (Norfolk Yeomanry), who died of enteric at Alexandria on November 11, aged 20, played a few times for Bradfield in 1913... { _W1917_ }\n\n*CAPT FRANCIS HUNT **GOULD** (Middlesex Regt), killed on June 6, aged 32, headed the Repton averages in 1899... {W1917}\n\nHe played in one match for Europeans against Hindus in Poona in 1913.\n\n*2ND LT THOMAS MARSHALL PERCY **GRACE** (Wellington Regt, New Zealand Expeditionary Force), killed on August 8, played in inter-provincial matches in New Zealand for Wellington. He was a useful all-round cricketer. Against Otago at Dunedin in 1913-14 he took four wickets for six runs. { _W1917_ }\n\nHe was born on July 11, 1890, in Pukawa, NZ. He played in two fc matches for Wellington, and toured with Parata's Maori rugby team. He proved an effective sniper at Gallipoli and organised others to mark down and shoot Turkish snipers. He was killed in the attack on Chunuk Bair when, of the 760 Wellington men who had captured the height, only 70 came out unwounded or slightly wounded.\n\nCAPT MARMADUKE WHITTAKER **GRAHAM** (2 Bn Royal West Kent Regt) was born on March 18, 1879, and fell in action in Mesopotamia on July 24. He was educated at Sedbergh and Malvern, being in the latter Eleven in 1897...\n\nMiD. He was killed during the capture of An Nasiriya on the Euphrates.\n\n2ND LT HUGO FREDERICK **GRANTHAM** (1st Essex Regt), grandson of the late Mr Justice Grantham, was killed in action at the Dardanelles on June 28, aged 20. He was a very useful cricketer, playing for the Witham CC, but did not obtain a place in the Eleven at Cheltenham.\n\nLT EDMUND TREVENNIN **GRAY** (15th Durham Light Infantry) was born at South Moor, Durham, on December 1, 1895, and killed in France on October 22, aged 19. He was in the St John's School, Leatherhead, Eleven in 1914, scoring 68 runs with an average of 7.33.\n\nLT MAGNUS NIGEL **GRAY** (Cameronians), who died of wounds on June 21, aged 20, was in the Loretto Eleven in 1911 and two following seasons, being captain in 1913. He was a good wicketkeeper and a useful batsman... He was also captain of the Rugby XV.\n\nMiD for conspicuous bravery in action on June 19. The next day he was shot through the head by a sniper and did not regain consciousness. He is buried at Brewery Orchard cemetery, Bois-Grenier, near Armentieres; the cellar of the brewery was used as a dressing station, and the cemetery was started in the nearby orchard.\n\nCAPT FRANCIS OCTAVIUS **GRENFELL** , VC (9th Lancers), born on September 4, 1880, fell in action on May 24. In 1899 he was a member of the Eton XI under W. Findlay's captaincy, scoring 327 runs with an average of 40.87: his highest innings was 136 not out v I Zingari. He did not play in the Winchester match, but against Harrow scored 28 and 81, he and H. K. Longman making 167 together in two and a quarter hours in the second innings for the first wicket. That year it was said of him: \"In batting he has the highest average, and has made the only century for the school; he bats in a taking style and scores quickly; he watches the ball well, and makes good strokes all round the wicket.\" He took part in the South African War in 1901-02, receiving the Queen's Medal with five clasps, and he was the first officer in the Army to gain the VC in the present War. The action for which he was awarded the latter was described in the _London Gazette_ in these terms: \"For gallantry in action against unbroken infantry at Andregnies, Belgium, on August 24, 1914, and for gallant conduct in assisting to save the guns of the 119th Battery Royal Field Artillery, near Doubon, the same day.\" Twice he had returned to England badly wounded.\n\nWhile he was recovering in England from wounds received in the action that won him the VC, he heard that his twin brother Riversdale Nonus (\"Rivy\") had been shot and killed on September 14. The following month, he went back to France but a few weeks later was wounded again and returned to England. He had been deeply affected by the death of \"Rivy\" and many of their friends, and in April 1915, before leaving for France again, he gave a small dinner party in London; the guests included Winston Churchill and John Buchan. That month, the regiment was involved in the second battle of Ypres. where gas was used for the first time on the Western Front. On May 24, Francis was shot, and died shortly afterwards. On that day the 9th Lancers suffered 208 casualties out of the 350 men who went into battle. The twins are commemorated at Canterbury Cathedral and on a stained-glass window at Beaconsfield parish church.\n\nLT WILFRID HANBURY **GRENVILLE-GREY** (1 Bn King's Royal Rifles) was killed in action on May 16, aged 20. He was in the Wellington XI in 1912... He was a fine rider and athlete, and represented both Wellington and Sandhurst at rackets.\n\nLT GEORGE EDWARD **GRUNDY** (9th Royal Warwicks Regt) was killed in the Dardanelles on July 22, aged 32. With C. C. Page, G. N. Foster and the late W. S. Bird, he was in the Malvern Eleven in 1902... He did not obtain his Blue at Oxford, but was captain of the Brasenose cricket and football elevens, and represented the University at golf for three years.\n\nHe was a housemaster at Haileybury.\n\nCAPT EDWARD **HAIN** (Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry), born on August 15, 1887, fell in action at the Dardanelles on November 11. In 1906, when he headed the Winchester averages with 67.66, he played a good forcing innings of 60 against Eton. In the following season he scored 26 in the Oxford Freshmen's match, but did not obtain his Blue.\n\nHe worked in the family shipping business, the Hain Steamship Co. Ltd.\n\nLT WILLIAM ERNEST **HALL** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on May 23, was in the Exeter School Eleven in 1909, 1910 and 1911. { _W1917_ }\n\nPTE WILLIAM ROBERTSON **HAMILTON** (7 Bn Canadian Mounted Rifles), born at Perth on January 30, 1892, was killed on April 24. A member of the New Westminster CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT GARETH **HAMILTON-FLETCHER** (3rd Grenadier Guards, attd 1st Scots Guards) was killed in action at Cuinchy on January 25, aged 20. In 1912 and 1913 he was in the Eton Eleven, in the former year scoring 206 runs with an average of 34.33, giving promise of future excellence which unfortunately was not realised, for in 1913 he was last in the list with 6.45...\n\nHe went on to Balliol College, Oxford, studying with a view to entering the Diplomatic Service, when war broke out. He played in one match for Dorset in 1912, top-scoring in the second innings with 25 in a total of 97.\n\n**CPL CHARLES REGINALD **HANDFIELD** (Natal Light Horse) died of wounds on May 6, aged 36. He was born at South Yarra, Melbourne, on August 26, 1878, and educated at East Malvern Grammar School. He went to South Africa in 1901, and his single fc match was for Transvaal against Border at Cape Town in March 1909; Transvaal won by an innings after Border were dismissed for 43 in the first innings, in which Aubrey Faulkner took a hat-trick and bowled unchanged with Ernie Vogler. Handfield joined the Natal Light Horse on the outbreak of war and was mortally wounded at the battle of Gibeon, German South-West Africa, on April 27, 1915; he is buried at Gibeon Station Cemetery in what is now Namibia.\n\nLT REGINALD **HARTLEY** (10th Worcs Regt), who was killed in France on October 26, aged 24, was in the Eleven at Bromsgrove School and New College, Oxford.\n\nLT DOUGLAS ARCHIBALD **HAY** (RNAS), born in Canada, September 21, 1889; killed September 20. Trinity College School XI, Port Hope. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT C. B. **HAYES** (10th Hants Regt), who was killed in the Dardanelles on September 10 aged 21, was a useful all-round player who was in the Campbell College Eleven of Belfast in 1911 and 1912.\n\nCorrection in _Wisden 1917_ : CAPT C. B. **HAYES** , reported killed on September 10, 1915, was not the Campbell College cricketer of the same name.\n\nCapt Charles Bianconi Hayes, of 10 Bn, Hampshire Regt, who was killed in Gallipoli on August 10, 1915, was aged 43 and was therefore much too old to have played for Campbell College in 1911 and 1912; indeed, he served in the South African War. But there was an Irish connection, as his mother is listed by CWGC as living in Dublin. His name appears on the roll of honour of the employees of Argentine railways; he worked in the telegraph department of the Buenos Ayres and Pacific Railway. \"C. B. Hayes\" does appear in _Wisden_ in the batting and bowling averages for the college for 1911 and 1912.\n\n2ND LT CECIL AMBROSE **HEAL** (3rd Wilts Regt, attached 1st) was wounded in Flanders on June 29, after being two days at the front, and died on July 3, aged 18. He was in the Marlborough Eleven in 1914...\n\nHe was born on October 23, 1896. His father was chairman and managing director of the Heal & Son Ltd department-store chain.\n\nPTE RONALD YOUNG **HEDDERWICK** (Honourable Artillery Company), who was killed near Ypres on May 16, aged 27, was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1905 and two following seasons...\n\n_Wisden_ gives his rank as Lt but CWGC and other sources have Pte. A brother, James Alexander, died on November 6, 1918.\n\n*2ND LT RALPH EUSTACE **HEMINGWAY** (8th Sherwood Foresters) was born on December 15, 1877, and killed in action in France on October 15. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Uppingham [actually he was at Rugby], but subsequently made some good scores by hard hitting for Nottinghamshire. Perhaps it was in 1904 that he was seen at his best, for that season he scored 300 runs in first-class cricket with an average of 23.07. Against the South Africans he made 85 and 30, he and George Gunn (143) obtained 165 together for the opening partnership in the first innings. A year later, when he played more frequently, he scored 84 against Sussex at Brighton, and in the course of a week at the end of that season had the curious experience of assisting the North v South at Blackpool and the Gentlemen of the South v Players of the South at Bournemouth.\n\n2ND LT ANDREW HUBERT MILLIN **HENDERSON** (4 Bn King's Own Scottish Borderers), who fell in action at the Dardanelles on July 12, aged 20, gained distinction at Edinburgh University for cricket and hockey, for which he got his half-blue.\n\nLT HORACE GRANT **HICKSON** (6th Leinster Regt), killed at the Dardanelles in August, aged 21, was educated at the Royal Naval College, Eltham, where he was in the Eleven.\n\n*MAJOR CHARLES ERNEST **HIGGINBOTHAM** (2 Bn Northants Regt), who was born in July, 1866, was killed at Neuve-Chapelle on March 11, aged 48. He was a hard-hitting batsman and a smart field, and in 1884 was in the Rugby Eleven... For Sandhurst v Woolwich in 1886 he played useful innings of 24 and 40, and four years later was a member of the Straits Settlement team which visited Hong Kong. For some seasons he captained the Aldershot Officers' XI, succeeding R. M. Poore in 1911, and in the year mentioned and 1912 played for Army v Royal Navy at Lord's... He had been a member of the MCC since 1896. In scoring 117 for Aldershot Command v United Services at Portsmouth in June 1910, he and Capt E. L. Challenor (170) made 297 together for the first wicket. He married a daughter of the Rt Hon James Round, the old Eton and Essex cricketer, and served in the South African War.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR LIONEL **HILL** (1st Middlesex Regt), who was killed in France on September 25, aged 24, was in the Radley College Eleven in 1907 and 1908.\n\nRIFLEMAN PAUL JAMES **HILLEARD** (12th London (Rangers) Regt) died in May, aged 21, of wounds received near Ypres on April 23. He was a very useful all-round cricketer and in 1914 headed the batting averages of Essex 2nd XI with 27.28, his highest innings being 85 not out v Surrey 2nd XI at Leyton. He was an all-round athlete.\n\nThe following \"Correction\" appeared in _Wisden_ 1917: \"RIFLEMAN P. J. HILLEARD. In May, 1915, was officially stated to have died of wounds, as recorded in _Wisden_ , but in August, 1916, was reported to be a prisoner.\"\n\nHowever, the official report that he was a prisoner was incorrect. He was killed in action on April 24, 1915, and his name is among the 54,406 on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial. He is also remembered on the war memorial at Wickford, Essex, unveiled on November 4, 2011, which replaced the previous one that was demolished in 1976 to make way for a new road.\n\n2ND LT CYRIL ANTHONY HUDSON **HILLIER** (2 Bn Monmouthshire Regt) died on February 26, aged 17, at the Empress Eugenie's Hospital, Farnborough, of wounds received in action on January 26. He was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1913 and 1914... He had very strong defence, but many good strokes. In 1914 he appeared in a few games for Suffolk.\n\nMAJOR VINCENT ROBERTSON **HOARE** (The Rangers 12th London Regt), who was born on March 15, 1873, was killed in action on February 15, aged 41. He was educated at Eton, where he was in the Eleven, besides being in the \"Field\" and winner of the School Fives... Since 1893 he had been a member of the MCC. He served in the South African War as a trooper in the Suffolk Yeomanry, afterwards gaining a commission.\n\nHe played for Cambridgeshire (1895\u201398) and for Norfolk (1903\u201305).\n\n2ND LT HAROLD WARDALE **HODGES** (2 Bn King's Royal Rifles Corps) was killed in action on May 9, aged 21. In 1912 he was in the Epsom College XI...\n\n*CAPT BERNARD HENRY **HOLLOWAY** (9 Bn Royal Sussex Regt), brother of Mr N. J. Holloway, the Cambridge Blue, was born in Surrey on January 13, 1888, and killed in France on September 27. In 1904 and three following years he was in the Leys School XI, being a very useful all-round player, and proving himself a good captain... At Cambridge, where he did not obtain his Blue, he did little in the trial games save in 1911 when, in the Seniors' match, he scored 52 and made 133 for the first wicket with C. G. Forbes-Adam (78). During 1910-11 he visited the West Indies as a member of the MCC team and, making 443 runs with an average of 24.61, rendered excellent service: his highest score was 100 v British Guiana at Georgetown. In 1911 and three following seasons he appeared occasionally for Sussex, for which side his best performances were against his old University, on the Cambridge ground, in 1913 and 1914, his scores being 58 not out and 32 not out, and 54 and 15. He played half-back at Rugby football for Cambridge v Oxford in 1907, and centre three-quarter in 1909. He was also in the University Lacrosse XII in 1908\u20139\u201310, being captain in 1910, in which year he played at the game for England.\n\nHis brother, Norman James, played 67 matches for Sussex from 1911\u201325 as well as for Cambridge University; he died in 1964, aged 74.\n\n*2ND LT GEOFFREY WILLIAM VAN DER BYL **HOPLEY** (2 Bn Grenadier Guards) died at the age of 23 on May 12 in the Military Hospital at Boulogne-sur-Mer, having been severely wounded in Flanders on February 3. He was in the Harrow Eleven in 1909 and 1910, in the latter season being second in the batting averages with 27.18. In his two matches against Eton he scored 1 and 23, 35 and 8. Proceeding to Cambridge, he obtained his blue in 1912, making 14 and 6 not out v Oxford, but was unable to keep his place in either of the two following years. In 1914 he gave every promise of regaining a position in the side, scoring 29 and 120 in the Seniors' Match and 86 and 68 in a Trial game, but later he was quite out of form. In 1912 he won the heavyweight boxing for Cambridge. He was brother of Mr F. J. V. Hopley, and had been a member of the MCC since 1911.\n\nHopley died following three months of agonising suffering after his wounds turned septic. His thoughts were always for others: every day he asked for news of his best friend, Arthur Lang (qv), who had been reported missing shortly before he was wounded. On the day before he died he dictated a letter to his brother John: 'I am afraid I am just about done for, but this is not a real parting. Please don't worry about me, old thing. It is I who am to be envied. I am sure that this life here is just a flash in the fire and that our real existence comes later. The very best of love and luck to you, my darling old John. Thank God we have always been such good pals.' (John served in the Grenadier Guards and received the DSO 'for conspicuous gallantry in action' at Beaumont-Hamel in 1916. Later in the war he had various training posts. He died in Rhodesia in 1951, aged 67.)\n\nHis mother was with Geoff when he died the following evening. She wrote to her husband: 'I feel dazed but God knows best and his will be done.' The family had agreed with his wish to be buried at Harrow and his mother said she would be leaving for London the next afternoon \u2013 'and his remains go with us'. Repatriations had been halted the previous month after the body of Lt William Gladstone, a Liberal MP who was grandson of the former prime minister, was returned to Wales by permission of the PM and King. Richard van Emden states in _The Quick and the Dead_ : 'Lt Gladstone was not the first officer to be brought back across the Channel from the Western Front, but his body was to be the last, at least officially.' It is believed that about 30 men, all officers, were repatriated, among them another Harrovian, Capt John Halliday (qv) in 1914, Field Marshal Roberts (qv) also in 1914, and Lt Hugh Hunter (qv below). Hopley may have been the last.\n\nIn 1954, his sister, Mea, collected his letters and recorded his life in a family book, _Geoff: A Memoir_. Geoff was born on September 9, 1891, in Kimberley where his father was a QC and later a judge; his brother John was eight and Mea was six. From early days, Geoff took part in cricket in the garden with the older children and their friends. The boys were educated in England, and Geoff followed in John's footsteps first to Eagle House, Sandhurst, where he became head of school and captain of cricket and football, then to Harrow and Cambridge.\n\nMea wrote: 'Cricket was the breath of life to Geoff from his prep school days onwards. The appearance of Wisden's Almanack every year was an event in his life. With the thoroughness of small boys when they are interested in anything, he knew Wisdens \u2013 literally \u2013 from cover to cover: the bowling and batting averages, the scores in Test matches, county cricket, the teams, the highest individual scores, the highest match totals, the names and performances of all the players.'\n\nHe was soon to put this knowledge to good use. He went to Harrow for the summer term in 1905, but he had been growing very fast and he developed a knee problem which required treatment in the Cape. Returning to England by boat in April 1906, Pelham Warner and his MCC side were also on board. Warner sent a letter from RMS _Norman_ to Geoff's father, whom he met on the tour: 'Dear Judge, I must write and tell you how useful Geoff has been to me copying out scores and verifying the figures in the Cricket book I am writing on our tour in Africa. I don't know what I should have done without him. He has the most marvellous head for cricket scores, and is indeed a walking Wisden.' He concluded: 'I think Geoff quite the nicest little boy I have ever met.' It was the start of a lasting friendship between the two families \u2013 Warner was accompanied by his wife \u2013 and Geoff often used to stay with the Warners during school holidays. In _My Cricketing Life_ (1921), Warner wrote that Geoff 'was almost like a son to us'. He went on: 'No young man ever had so many friends, and it was certain that he had a great future before him... He was destined for the Bar and his ambition was to be Premier of South Africa one day. That he would have achieved his ambition had he lived, few who knew Geoffrey Hopley will doubt. He was, of course, years younger than I was, but none the less he has left a gap in my life.' Many years later, in a letter to Mea in 1954 when she was gathering information for the _Memoir_ , Warner wrote: 'I may add that the gap is still there. If Geoff had lived, S. Africa might well have been a happier country than it appears to be today. He was so obviously going to be a Great Man. I treasure his memory.'\n\nGeoff had a glorious time at Harrow, receiving many academic prizes and playing in the Eleven in 1909 and 1910 when Mea watched him at Lord's in Fowler's Match: he hit two fours in the second innings before being bowled by Fowler as Harrow, needing 55 to win, succumbed for 45 in the face of Fowler's eight for 23. Mea recalled: 'Respectable old gentlemen went quite mad. They were screaming and shouting, and knocking each other's top hats off. The boys were wild and unrestrained. The people who had left to watch the polo, among them Fowler's father, certainly missed an exciting finish. (Poor Geoff.)'\n\nGeoff went on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in October 1910. His brother had been described as 'the finest boxer that ever put on gloves for either university' and Geoff won the freshers' heavyweights in his first term. In May 1911 he played the first of his 15 games for the University when Surrey visited Fenners, although he played only in the 1912 Varsity match. His final game was against the Army in June 1914 \u2013 the same month that he was called to the Bar of the Inner Temple, having passed all his law exams. His intention, after touring with the Harrow Wanderers and Free Foresters, was to go the Harvard Law School for a year and then practise law in South Africa. However, on the outbreak of war, he immediately joined up and by August 21 he wrote to his mother from Chelsea Barracks: 'I have practically begun my duties as a Guardsman, even to the growing of a moustache... I can't really feel somehow that this is all real. I keep on expecting to wake up at any moment and to find myself playing country house cricket or reading law books... My best friend at Harrow is out there, and scores and scores of other people that one knows. One simply tries not to think of all the appalling losses there are going to be.'\n\n_Geoff Hopley: \"a walking Wisden\" as a boy, according to Pelham Warner_\n\n_Hopley at Cambridge_\n\n_Hopley's grave_\n\nIn mid-December he was sent to the Front, and before he left he wrote farewell letters to his parents, leaving them with an aunt, to be opened in the event of his death. He told his mother: 'If I get shot you must consider this my last letter to you. It is chiefly to tell you not to grieve for me unduly, for I am not really to be pitied at all. I have had a gorgeous life, and if I had lived to be a hundred, I could never have hoped to enjoy twenty-three better years, so please take comfort. I do, however, feel very miserable at the thought of your sorrow and Father's sorrow if I get killed, for it will mean that all your sacrifices have been largely wasted... Goodbye, Mother dear, and thank you so much for all that you have done towards making my life so absurdly happy.'\n\nOn the evening of February 3, 1915, Geoff was shot and severely wounded near Cuinchy. Three days later he was being treated at a military hospital at Boulogne. His mother travelled from South Africa and arrived there on March 10: she found him almost unrecognisable, already wasted by the poison in his blood. Despite the best care of Army doctors and two leading London bacteriologists, nothing could save him.\n\nA tribute in _The Harrovian_ noted his wish to be buried at Harrow: 'And so on a sunny summer half-holiday, just such a one as those on which a few years ago he used to play cricket here, his body was carried under the Union Jack to the grave where it rests \u2013 in sight of the spire and in distant earshot of the bell.'\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR MENDELSSOHN **HORSFALL** (Royal Munster Fusiliers), reported wounded and missing on May 9, and since ascertained to have been killed on that date at Rue du Bois, was in the Marlborough Eleven in 1902... { _W1917_ }\n\n2ND LT JOHN **HOWELL** (King's Royal Corps), was killed in Flanders on September 25. Among all the young cricketers who have fallen in the War, not one of brighter promise than John Howell can be named. Judging from his wonderful record at Repton it is not too much to say that he was potentially an England batsman. But for the War he would have been at Oxford last year and would no doubt have been seen in the Surrey Eleven at The Oval. Born on July 5, 1895, he was only 20 when he lost his life. He was in the Repton team for four seasons, 1911 to 1914, being captain in 1914. From the first he showed great promise as a batsman, his style having obviously been modelled on that of Tom Hayward. He did well in 1911 and 1912, and in the next two years he was probably the best school bat in England. In 1913 he scored 737 runs for Repton, with an average of 56, and in 1914, 686 runs with an average of 52. He took some little time to find his form in school cricket in 1914, but he scored 202 not out against the Old Reptonians and 202 against Uppingham. In a trial match at The Oval at the beginning of the season he played an innings of 109. In 1913 he scored 108 and 114 against the Old Reptonians, and 144 for Young Surrey Amateurs against Young Essex Amateurs. Towards the close of the season in 1913 he journeyed up to Walsall with Surrey's Second Eleven for the express purpose of playing against Barnes's bowling and had the satisfaction of scoring 45.\n\nH. S. Altham wrote in his article on Cricket in Wartime in the 1940 _Wisden_ : \"The outbreak of the European War of 1914\u201318 will always be associated in my mind with Lord's. I was up there watching the Lord's Schools v The Rest match and can remember buying an evening paper on the ground and reading in the stop-press column the opening sentences of the speech which Lord Grey was then making in the Commons, and subsequently travelling down from Waterloo to Esher, where I was staying with the Howell brothers, and seeing in the blood-red sunset over the Thames an omen of the years to come. The younger Howell, whose batting had dominated the match and for whom no honours in the game seemed unobtainable, fell in the Salient less than a year afterwards.\" On August 3 and 4, John Howell scored 82 and 78 not out opening the batting for The Rest. The match report says: \"Howell of Repton played splendidly, and at seven o'clock, The Rest won amidst much excitement and enthusiasm by two wickets. Howell, who scored 160 runs for once out, was quite the hero of the match.\"\n\n_John Howell with scoreboards showing the two hundreds he made in one match in 1913. His highest score of 202 not out in 1914 remained a Repton record for 94 years_\n\nCAPT HENRY KENT **HUGHES** (King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry), killed on May 9, aged 32, was in the Repton Eleven of 1900... { _W1917_ }\n\nHe played for Free Foresters against Shropshire at Park Hall, Oswestry, in 1905.\n\n2ND LT HUGH MICHAEL **HUNTER** (Wilts Regt), born on August 20, 1891, died at Boulogne on April 6 from wounds received at Neuve Chapelle on March 12. He was in the Winchester Eleven in 1910... He did not obtain his blue at Oxford. In 1913 he was elected a member of the MCC.\n\nHunter was given a funeral service at St Peter's, Eaton Square, London, and is buried at Wandsworth (Putney Vale) Cemetery, his headstone bearing the inscription: 'Still as a soldier he shall stand before the great white throne.' Repatriations were allowed until mid-1915 at the relatives' cost; the bodies of only about 30 men, all officers, were brought home from France and Belgium. See Halliday in 1914 and Hopley above.\n\n2ND LT CECIL **HURST-BROWN** (Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry) died on September 25, aged 21, of wounds received in France the previous day. In 1912 and 1913 he was in the Westminster Eleven... He was also in the football team for two years.\n\nLT DONALD HERBERT **HUTCHISON** (London Regt 16 Bn Queen's Westminster Rifles), born in Yokohama on August 11, 1895, was killed in Flanders the day before his 20th birthday. He was an all-round athlete and for several seasons in the Merchiston Eleven.\n\nThe Regimental history says: \"Lt Hutchison was killed while in command of the Battalion Machine Gun Section, which he had only taken over on the day of the attack. His death was felt keenly by all ranks. Posted to B Company at the end of 1914, he had been one of the first officers to be sent out by the 2nd Battalion. The qualities of sportsmanship that had made him a distinguished leader in games at Merchiston College had stood him in good stead in France, and he was in every way a most capable and promising young officer. He was one of those to whom was given, in a most peculiar degree, the gift of making himself loved by all.\"\n\nTHE REV GEORGE LEYCESTER **INGLES** (Chaplain with Canadian Infantry), who died on Salisbury Plain on January 1, aged 28, was a useful medium-paced bowler and a good batsman. He was a member of the first Toronto Zingari team which visited Philadelphia, and also was in Dr W. E. Dean's Toronto side which went to New York in 1912.\n\n_Wisden 1916_ recorded his death as December 31, 1914, but CWGC and a memorial tablet and his grave at Bulford Church all date his death as January 1, 1915. There was an outbreak of spinal meningitis at Bulford Camp and he worked unremittingly attending to the sick, until he himself contracted the disease.\n\n**MAJOR DE COURCY **IRELAND** (36th Sikhs) died on January 28 at Hong Kong, aged 41. He was born on August 1, 1873, at Henzadah, Burma. His single fc match was for Europeans against Parsees at Poona in September 1897.\n\n*CAPT JOHN EDMUND VALENTINE **ISAAC** , DSO (2 Bn Rifle Brigade) was born on February 14, 1880, and killed in action in France on May 9, having previously been mentioned in Despatches, and wounded on October 24. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Harrow, but played occasionally for Worcestershire in 1907 and 1908, and had been a member of the MCC since 1903. His name will occasionally be found in Free Foresters matches. During the South Africa campaign he was severely wounded at Nooitgedacht in December, 1900. He was a well-known gentleman jockey, and in 1911 rode the winner of the Cairo Grand National.\n\nHis elder brother A. W. Isaac (qv) was killed in action in 1916.\n\n*LT BURNET GEORGE **JAMES** (RFA, attd to Flying Corps) fell in action in France on September 26, aged 28. For five years he was captain of the Bristol Imperial CC, for which his batting average in 1914 was over 100. In the season mentioned he appeared on a few occasions for Gloucestershire, but with small success, scoring only 27 runs with an average of 5.40. He also represented Gloucestershire at hockey.\n\nThe plane in which he was the observer on a reconnaissance mission was brought down with engine failure.\n\n*CAPT ARTHUR **JAQUES** (12th West Yorks Regt), who was born at Shanghai on March 7, 1888, fell in action in France on September 27. In 1905 and two following years he was in the Aldenham XI... Subsequently he appeared with pronounced success for Hampshire. In 1913, his first season as a regular player for the county, he did nothing remarkable, but in 1914 in Championship matches alone he obtained 112 wickets for 18.26 runs each. Doubtless his unusual methods contributed much to his success, for, placing nearly all his field on the on side, he pitched on the wicket or outside the leg stump, and, swinging in and getting on an off-break, cramped the batsmen so much that many of them lost patience and succumbed. That year he assisted the Gentlemen both at Lord's and The Oval, but took only two wickets in the two games for 73 runs. His best analyses during the season \u2013 all for Hampshire \u2013 were 14 for 105 (including eight for 67) v Derbyshire at Basingstoke; 14 for 54 (including eight for 21) v Somerset at Bath (he and Kennedy bowling unchanged throughout), and seven for 51 v Warwickshire at Southampton. In all first-class matches during 1914 he obtained 117 wickets for 18.69 runs each. It is interesting to recall that at Cambridge he was never tried in the Eleven, although he played for the Freshmen in 1908 and the Seniors in 1909 and 1910, and that when he went to the West Indies in 1912-13 as a member of the MCC team his five wickets cost 29 runs each. He was 6ft 3in in height.\n\nHis elder brother Joseph, a major in the same regiment, died on the same day in the same action; their names are on the Loos Memorial which commemorates over 20,000 men who have no known grave.\n\n_Arthur Jaques_\n\nL\/CPL HAROLD GEORGE **JEFFERIES** (Berks Yeomanry) fell in action at Burnt Hill, Gallipoli, on August 21, aged 22. He was well-known as an all-round cricketer in the Windsor district, and was a keen Association football player.\n\nCAPT ERNEST NEVILL **JOURDAIN** (1st Suffolk Regt), who was killed on February 16, aged 35, was a very useful player, although not in the Eleven whilst at Haileybury. He was, however, captain of the regimental cricket and hockey teams. He served throughout the South African War with the Mounted Infantry, and won for himself the Queen's medal with three clasps, and the King's medal with two.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE FRANCIS **JUCKES** (6th Rifle Brigade), who fell in action on July 6, aged 20, was in the King's School, Canterbury, Eleven, in 1912...\n\nHis younger brother Thomas was killed two months earlier. An elder brother, Ralph, survived the war to become headmaster of Junior King's, Canterbury, from 1927 to 1945.\n\nCAPT JOHN **KEKEWICH** (The Buffs), born 1891; killed September 26. Eton XI, 1909; Sandhurst 1910. He was a useful bat at Eton... { _W1918_ }\n\nA citation states that he refused to be rescued by his men, who would have been subjected to heavy and dangerous fire if they had attempted to do so. Two brothers fell within ten days of each other: George died of wounds on October 28, 1917, age 28, and Hanbury Lewis was killed in action on November 6, 1917, age 32. Another brother, Sydney, was seriously wounded in 1915.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS CHRISTIAN **KENNEDY** (Royal Field Artillery) who was born at Muzaffarpur, Bengal, in October, 1896, was killed in action in France on November 25. He was educated at Edinburgh Academy, where he was in the Eleven in 1912 and two following seasons...\n\n2ND LT JOHN DE WINTON **KENYON** (4 Bn King's Liverpool Regt) was born in 1896, and killed on May 18. He was in the Giggleswick School Eleven in 1913 and 1914.\n\nLT PHILIP MALCOLM **KERWOOD** (8th Worcs Regt), who fell in France on June 25, was a former captain of the Bromsgrove School Eleven.\n\n*CAPT RONALD OWEN **LAGDEN** (King's Royal Rifles), born on November 21, 1889, was killed on March 3, when in command of a company leading an attack on enemy trenches. In 1906 and two following years he was in the Marlborough Eleven... In 1908 he performed the remarkable feat of scoring 149 not out and 102 in the match with Liverpool, all the runs being made on the second day: he also played an innings of 84 v Rugby, and scored 64, besides taking six wickets, v Cheltenham. His form caused him to be picked for the Public Schools XI v MCC at Lord's, a match wherein he made 33 and nought and proved the most successful bowler with an analysis of seven for 167. Obtaining his Blue as a Freshman at Oxford, he played four times at Lord's against Cambridge... In 1912 he headed the University's batting averages with 54.25, with 99 not out against Mr H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI at Eastbourne as his highest effort. He represented Oxford against Cambridge at cricket, rugby football, rackets and hockey, and was also a Rugby international. He was elder brother of Mr R. B. Lagden (of Marlborough, Cambridge University and Surrey), and had been a member of the MCC since 1913.\n\nMajor Jack Poole (qv, below) refers to his death in his book _Undiscovered Ends_ : \"Apart from the sniping and occasional shelling, there was little action in the front line. Very seldom did we or the Germans undertake a trench raid, but I remember Charles Poe's company doing a local night attack which proved very costly. We lost three officers killed and two wounded, 16 other ranks killed and 62 wounded, and gained very little except a few prisoners. Charles [sic] Lagden, who had only been with us for a week, was killed in this action.\" His brother, Reginald Bousfield Lagden, was killed in October 1944 when the RAF plane in which he was a passenger overshot the runway at Karachi airport and exploded. Their father, Sir Godfrey Yeatman Lagden, who commanded the Transvaal Light Infantry in the Boer War, toured South Africa with MCC in 1905-06.\n\nPTE WILLIAM MATHISON **LAMB** (5th Royal Scots, Queen's, Edinburgh), who was killed in the Dardanelles on May 8, aged 21, was educated at George Heriot's School, Edinburgh, where he was in both the Eleven and Fifteen.\n\nLT JAMES EDWARD DOWNES **LAMBERT** (6th Northants Regt) was killed in action in France on November 1, aged 20. In 1913 and 1914 he was in the Bedford Grammar School XI, in the latter year scoring 100 v Leys School and averaging 24.20. He was an all-round athlete, representing his School at cricket, football, running and fencing.\n\n*2ND LT ARTHUR HORACE **LANG** (Grenadier Guards, attached to Scots Guards) was born at Bombay on October 25, 1890 and was reported \"Missing, believed killed\" on or about January 26. Since then no news has been received, and his family and friends have abandoned hope. [CWGC gives death as January 25.] He was in the Harrow Eleven in 1906 and three following years, being captain in 1908 and 1909, in each of which seasons he was chosen for the Public Schools v MCC match at Lord's. In addition to being a sound batsman... he was an excellent wicketkeeper, and in the game with Eton in 1907 made four catches in each innings. At Cambridge he did not receive his Blue until 1913... From 1907 to 1911 he assisted Suffolk, and in 1912 and 1913 Sussex, in the last-mentioned year scoring 141 v Somerset at Eastbourne, and 104 v Cambridge University at Cambridge. He had been a member of the MCC since 1910.\n\nMAJOR HENRY ASTELL **LANG** (4th Worcs Regt) was born in March 1874, and killed in the Dardanelles on June 6. He was a very useful cricketer and captained his regimental team. He took part in the South African War, being slightly wounded.\n\nAn officer wrote in _Berrows Worcester Journal_ : \"As a cricketer and capt of the 4th Worcestershires cricket team he did yeoman service for his side, and led them to many victories.\" Another officer wrote: \"He was the first up to every trench, armed with a walking stick; walking straight across to prospect amidst a perfect hail of bullets, and then would saunter back to his troops and head them forward. Never was he excited \u2013 fear he knew not; courage and confidence flowed from him to all of us.\" _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ adds: \"He did a great deal of big-game shooting in Nepal, Kashmir and the Tirai and secured several exceptionally good heads of gond, barasingh and sambhur, besides tigers, leopards and bears.\"\n\nCAPT EDWARD GEORGE **LANGDALE** (5th Leics Regt) was killed in action in France on October 13, aged 32. He was educated at Eastbourne College, where he was in the Eleven in 1898 and three following years, being captain in 1900 and 1901. During his last three seasons he headed the batting averages... He had been wounded in the trenches the month before his death. [MiD.]\n\n2ND LT JOHN FREDERICK **LASCELLES** , MC (Rifle Brigade, attd Royal Flying Corps) was killed in France on July 31, aged 19, after having been mentioned in Despatches and receiving the Military Cross. As a fast-medium left-hand bowler he obtained a place in the Winchester Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\n2ND LT JAMES DELARGEY **LAVELLE** (12th Highland Light Infantry) was killed in action on August 20, aged 25. He was in the Stonyhurst Eleven and played for the Drumpellier CC, of Scotland.\n\nHis younger brother Patrick was killed in action in October 1918.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES LINDSAY GWYDYR **LAW** (Suffolk Regt), killed on September 30, aged 22, was in the Exeter School Eleven in 1910. { _W1917_ }\n\nL\/CPL ARTHUR EDWIN **LAWRENCE** (Canadian Infantry), was born at Cheltenham on August 27, 1878, and was killed at St Julien on April 23. He played for the Calgary CC, of Alberta, and had served through the South African War. { _W1917_ }\n\nBrothers Arthur and Reginald (below) emigrated with their parents to Canada. They died on the same day when the Alberta Regiment launched a counter-attack at Kitcheners Wood in an attempt to halt the German advance in the area after a gas attack. They have no known graves and are commemorated on the Menin Gate Memorial and the Cheltenham War Memorial.\n\nPTE REGINALD **LAWRENCE** (Canadian Infantry), born at Cheltenham on May 9, 1884, was killed at St Julien on April 23. He was Captain of the Eleven at Cheltenham Grammar School and played later for the Calgary CC, of Alberta. He and his brother, Private A. E. Lawrence (mentioned above), were descendants of the famous William Lillywhite. { _W1917_ }\n\nSome 300 sets of brothers are known to have died on the same day.\n\n2ND LT CECIL DAVID NORTON **LAWSON** (8 Bn Royal West Kent Regt) was killed in action in France on September 26, aged 19. He was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1914...\n\nMAJOR BERTRAM HENRY **LEATHAM** , DSO (19th Yorks Regt, temporary Lt-Col in command of 2nd Wilts Regt) was killed in Flanders on September 26, aged 34. He was a keen all-round sportsman and captained his regimental cricket and football elevens.\n\n2ND LT RICHARD **LEE** (Suffolk Regt), killed on October 15, aged 32, was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1899 and two following years... { _W1917_ }\n\nPTE CARL HEEPS **LLOYD** (Canadian Infantry), born in North Wales; killed June 17. Vancouver CC. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT THOMAS LENTHALL **LODER-SYMONDS** (2nd Scottish Rifles) who was born in 1892, fell in action in France on May 9. He was in the Lancing Eleven in 1911...\n\nThree of his four brothers also died in the war. The day before he was killed, he wrote this letter: \"My own very darling and beloved mother. If ever you receive this letter it will be because I have been killed, and I want you to know that it is the one and only way I want to die, and I'm not a bit afraid of going, and I shall be very happy to be with my two dear brothers, and we will all wait until the glorious day of reunion. I'm writing this just before we leave our billets to go to our assembly trenches, and I'm aware of everything that is in store for us. The only thing that will make me unhappy is to think that all my dear family and people I care for are unhappy. Be brave and think of the glorious day of reunion. I'm happy now, but I shall be happier with my God, in whom I have all my faith and I give myself entirely to his guidance, and into his hands. Goodbye darling, and God bless you, Father, Vi, Lilly, May, Fred and Willie, and our whole family. Never has anyone ever had such a perfect family as mine.\"\n\n2ND LT ROBERT **LONGBOTTOM** (7th King's Royal Rifle Corps) was killed in Flanders on July 30, aged 19. He was a fair all-round cricketer and in the Wellington XI in 1912 and 1913. He was also a member of the College XV.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD JOHN **LONGTON** (Essex Regt) was reported killed [on June 6] in the Dardanelles, having previously been stated to be missing. He was in the Westminster School Eleven in 1914...\n\nLT ARTHUR CARR GLYN **LONSDALE** (6 Bn King's Royal Rifles, attached to 2 Bn Royal Scots Fusiliers) died on March 10 of wounds received two days earlier, aged 23. He was a scholar of Eton and Radley and was in the latter Eleven in 1910...\n\nHe won scholarships to Eton and Radley, but went to Radley and from there to Trinity College, Cambridge. He was intending to take holy orders; his late father had been rector of Fontmell Magna, Shaftesbury.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS BASIL **LYLE** (Black Watch) was born at Edinburgh on November 19, 1894, and fell in France in March. (He was then reported missing and nothing has been heard of him since.) He was in the Merchiston Castle Eleven in 1914. { _W1917_ }\n\nCWGC gives his date of death as May 9.\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS WILLIAM **LYNCH** (Connaught Rangers), was killed in action on April 26, aged 19. He was a useful member of the Pembroke CC, of Ireland.\n\n*CAPT JOSEPH EDWARD **LYNCH** (10th Yorks Regt) killed in France on September 25, aged 35, was in the Dublin University Eleven in 1905. He also gained note as a rugby footballer and golfer.\n\nIn 1905, playing for Dublin University Past and Present against the Australians, he dismissed Victor Trumper for 22, but the three-day match was not recognised as first-class. Four years later he toured North America with the Gentlemen of Ireland in September 1909 and played against Gentlemen of Philadelphia at Haverford when he was the tenth victim of Bart King who took ten for 53 in the first innings. He served with the Royal Irish Fusiliers from 1906 but caught enteric fever and malaria in India and was invalided home. He left the Army but rejoined on the outbreak of war and went to the front in September 1915. Later that month, Lynch was killed while advancing from the village of Loos, and although the body was at first recovered, the burial party came under bombardment and it was not found again.\n\nLT MAYDO DANIEL **MACDONALD** (13th Overseas Bn Canadian Infantry), who was born at Ripley, Ontario, on August 29, 1885, fell in action on April 24. He was a member of the Rosedale CC, of Toronto.\n\n*2ND LT CLAUDE LYSAGHT **MACKAY** (2nd Worcs Regt) died on June 7, at Boulogne, of wounds received in action on May 28, aged 20. In 1912 and 1913 he was in the Clifton Eleven... He was essentially the all-round man of the side, being second in the batting and first in bowling. He had a good reach and would undoubtedly have made a name for himself had he been able to devote himself to first-class cricket. On his only appearance for Gloucestershire \u2013 v Kent at Maidstone in 1914 \u2013 he scored 13 and 15. He won the Challenge Cup in the Athletic Sports at Clifton and the Public Schools heavyweight Boxing Competition at Aldershot in 1913.\n\nLT KENNETH FITZPATRICK **MACKENZIE** (Cameron Highlanders), born 1891; killed September 25. Trinity College (Ox) XI. Was not in XI while at Wellington. { _W1918_ }\n\n**SGT MATTHEW STANLEY **McKENZIE** (Australian Army Medical Corps) died of appendicitis at Alexandria, Egypt, on December 8, aged 25. He was born at Launceston, Tasmania, on May 17, 1890. A right-hand bat, he played five matches for Tasmania between 1910 and 1913, with a highest score of 59; he bowled 11 overs for 65 runs when Frank Woolley scored 305 not out for MCC at Hobart in January 1912. He was a team-mate at South Launceston of Laurence Gatenby (qv 1917). He played Australian Rules football for Carlton in the Victorian Football League, and also represented Tasmania. He had been at Gallipoli before going to Egypt.\n\nCAPT BASIL **MACLEAR** (2 Bn Royal Dublin Fusiliers) was killed on May 24, whilst serving with the Expeditionary Force. In 1897 and 1898 he was in the Bedford Grammar School XI... He was one of the most famous of Irish international rugby footballers.\n\nHis try for Ireland against South Africa in November 1906 in Belfast, when he started behind his own 25-yard line, is considered one of the great solo efforts in Irish rugby. Two brothers were killed in action, and two survived the war.\n\n**MAJOR KENELM REES **McCLOUGHIN** (14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs) was killed in action at Hohenzollern Redoubt, near Cambrin, France, on September 25, aged 30. He was born at Bombay on August 18, 1884, and educated at Dulwich College; he went on to RMA Woolwich and was commissioned into the RGA in 1903. He played five fc matches between 1909 and 1914 for Europeans, Free Foresters (two), the Army and L. G. Robinson's XI, with a highest score of 57. MiD. His name is on the Indian Memorial at Neuve-Chappelle, which commemorates 4,700 Indian soldiers and labourers who fell on the Western Front and have no known graves; over the course of the war, India sent 90,000 soldiers in the infantry and cavalry, and 50,000 non-combatant labourers, to the Western Front. He is also remembered on the Middlesex roll of honour at Lord's.\n\n*CAPT JOHN WYNDHAM HAMILTON **McCULLOCH** (8th Border Regt), died on October 21 of wounds received in Flanders the previous day, aged 20. At Westminster he was a \"double pink\", being a prominent member of the football team and a promising cricketer. He was in the Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\nHe played in two matches for Middlesex in May 1914 against Oxford and Cambridge universities.\n\nCAPT ANGUS VIRTUE **MAKANT** (5th Loyal North Lancs Regt) died on March 14, aged 26, of wounds received in France. He was in the Harrow Eleven in 1907 and 1908... At Cambridge he was not successful in obtaining his Blue.\n\n2ND LT JOHN KENNETH **MANGER** (Northumberland Fusiliers) killed May 8, aged 20. Wellington College XI (top of the batting 1913 with the fine average of 48); Dorset County, Freshmen's match at Oxford, 1914; Oxford Univ Authentics. { _W1918_ }\n\nBefore the war, his father, Alfred, had planned to build a church on his land at Langham near Gillingham, Dorset, but he died in 1917. It was left to the eldest son, Lt-Col Charles Harwood Manger, to carry out the project and create the small thatched chapel of St George in memory of his brother, a cousin and a brother-in-law, who all fell in the war. The trustees state that it was one man's concept borne out by his family \"to give strength and courage in adversity and thanksgiving for the days of peace\".\n\nSGT REGINALD JOSEPH **MARKS** (10th-106th Winnipeg Light Infantry) was killed in France on April 23. He was born in London, educated at Taplow Grammar School and King's College (London), and played for the Rangers CC and the Young Conservative CC of Winnipeg.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK ERNEST **MARRIOTT** (7th Rifle Brigade) was killed on July 30, aged 22. He did not obtain his colours at Uppingham, but was in both the XI and the XV at Brasenose College, Oxford.\n\n*CAPT EDMUND **MARSDEN** (64th Pioneers, Indian Army) died of malarial fever in Burma on May 26, aged 34. In 1909, when he averaged 42.09 for the East Gloucestershire CC, he played in two matches for Gloucestershire, scoring seven and 11 v Notts and 38 and 23 v Northamptonshire, both games taking place at Gloucester. (Owing to an oversight, his initial was given as G. in _Wisden 1910_.)\n\nHis name was added to the CWGC roll of honour in November 2006.\n\n2ND LT NICHOLAS CLAYTON **MARSH** (16, attd 1, Bn The King's (Liverpool) Regt) fell in action in France on September 25, aged 19. He was educated at Birkenhead School, where he was in both the Eleven and Fifteen.\n\n*ALAN **MARSHAL** (15 Bn Australian Imperial Forces) who was born at Warwick, in Queensland, on June 12, 1883, died of enteric at Imtarfa Military Hospital, Malta, on July 23, after serving in Gallipoli. He was a cricketer of unfulfilled promise. He had it in him to be great, but somehow he missed the position that at one time seemed to be within his reach. A hitter of greater natural powers has seldom been seen. The son of a Lincolnshire man who had emigrated to Australia, he took to cricket while quite young, playing both at the South Brisbane State School and the Brisbane Grammar School. He learned much through watching Boyle, McDonnell, S. P. Jones, and others, and at the early age of 14 began to play in Grade cricket. Later he played for a time in Grade matches in Sydney, and had represented Queensland a few times before coming to England. He always showed distinct talent, his batting improving rapidly from the time he had the advantage of playing on turf wickets. On arriving in England he soon made his mark, his form being so good that before he had been here long he was asked to qualify for Surrey.\n\nFor London County in 1905 he made 2,752 runs with an average of 56.16 and took 118 wickets at a cost of 16.41 runs each, and in the corresponding fixtures of the following year his aggregates were 3,578 (average 76.12) and 167 (average 14.10) respectively. In all matches in 1906 he scored 4,350 runs, making 14 hundreds, and took 210 wickets. Against Croydon he made 300 not out at the Crystal Palace, and 171 in the return: he also scored 245 v Egypt at the Crystal Palace, and 219 v Norbury at Norbury, and 204 not out v Cyphers at the Palace.\n\nHaving qualified by the necessary two years' residence, he duly appeared for the county. Everything suggested that Surrey had found a prize. At first, however, Marshal did not do himself full justice in his new surroundings. In the season of 1907 he made over 1,000 runs for Surrey, but there was a certain restraint in his play. For the moment he was feeling his way. In 1908 he showed all that he could do. He had a splendid season for Surrey, scoring 1,884 runs with an average of 40 in all matches for the county and finishing second only to Hayward. Five times he exceeded the hundred, an innings of 108 against Middlesex at The Oval being a marvel of powerful driving. When the season ended his place among the great players of the day seemed assured. Apart from his batting, he was a good change bowler and in the field he had scarcely a superior. He could fill any place with credit and no catch, if reasonably possible, escaped his hands. The future looked bright indeed for him, but he never again reached the same level.\n\nAt the height of the season of 1909 the Surrey committee suspended him for a time, and in the following year they terminated his engagement. Marshal returned to Queensland and played cricket there, but without doing anything exceptional. He sailed for Australia on September 12, 1910, and on the day before his departure played a magnificent innings of 259 not out for Whitcomb Wanderers v W. Jones's XI at Acton, hitting 13 sixes and 36 fours. Earlier in the season \u2013 at Ashford (Middlesex) on July 7 \u2013 he had taken all ten wickets in an innings for 28 runs for A. H. Marriott's XI v Ashford. [ _Wisden_ here gives a list of his hundreds in first-class cricket.] As a bowler he had two great successes for Surrey at The Oval in 1908, taking five wickets for 19 against Nottinghamshire in the August Bank-holiday match, and in the match with Derbyshire at one period dismissing five men in 13 balls without a run being made off him.\n\nMarshal was one of the Five Cricketers of the Year in the 1909 _Wisden_. Editor Sydney Pardon wrote:\n\n\"Alan Marshal, whose hitting was the most remarkable feature of last year's cricket at The Oval, describes himself as 'real Queensland'. He was born in Warwick, on the Darling Downs, on June 12, 1883, and went to Brisbane with his parents when he was four years of age. He tells me that his earliest recollections of cricket date back to a time when, with his two brothers, Marcus and Isby, he used to play in front of the house in Gladstone Road, South Brisbane. The first club he played for was the Brooksteads, named after his father's house, and he was afterwards associated with the Franklins and the Cliftons, for which latter club he was captain, secretary, treasurer, and ground-keeper. Then, in days before the Electoral system of cricket came in vogue, he played for the Graziers. About this time he came in contact with Percy McDonnell, Harry Boyle, Cunningham, and Sam Jones, and learnt a lot of cricket from them. There was not much serious coaching, but Jones used occasionally to show the young cricketers how things ought to be done. A little later Marshal played for the Manor School, and had rather a rough experience on asphalt wickets. When the Electoral system was adopted he played for the South Brisbane Club, starting in the B Grade but soon earning promotion. With the advantage of batting on turf wickets he rapidly improved and though, to use his own words, he was 'nowhere at chemistry', there were not many players ahead of him in the batting averages. On this part of his career, during which he was associated with Doctor Macdonald, Marshal looks back with keen delight. Sometime before leaving for England he had a season with the Paddington Club in Sydney and played in a match in which Victor Trumper scored 324. Of Marshal's career in this country I need not go into details. Everyone interested in cricket knows what he has done and how rapidly he has jumped into the front rank. Nor need I dwell on the little storm that was raised when the Surrey committee, on the strength of his 4,000 runs in club cricket in 1906, determined to give him a full trial for the county. I will only say that here was no case of taking a player away from a weaker club. Marshal had duly qualified, and the Surrey committee, under the rules governing county cricket, had a perfect right to play him. That he has turned out a prize is altogether beside the question. In 1907, though he played several fine innings and scored over 1,000 runs for Surrey, he was a trifle disappointing. He seemed afraid to let himself go and rarely or never did full justice to his extraordinary powers as a hitter. Last summer, however, everything was different. Secure of his place in the Eleven he played his natural game and revealed himself as a driver rarely equalled for sheer power since the days of C. I. Thornton and Bonnor. Some of his hits in the matches against Middlesex and Kent at The Oval, in August were, I think, beyond the capacity of any other batsman now playing in first-class cricket. Marshal has not Jessop's ability to score in all directions from bowling of all kinds of length, but with his immense advantages of height and reach \u2013 he must stand nearly 6ft 3ins \u2013 he can certainly send the ball further. His fame will no doubt rest chiefly on his batting, but in every way he is a thorough cricketer. Place him where you will, there is no finer fieldsman to be found \u2013 he is about the safest catch in England \u2013 and though there has perhaps been a tendency to exaggerate his merits as a bowler, he commands a good variety of pace with plenty of spin. Take him altogether he is one of the most interesting figures in the cricket field, and if he should go on as he has begun there will be no limit to his success.\"\n\n_Alan Marshal_\n\nLT WILLIAM **MARSHALL** (8th Durham Light Infantry), a well-known club cricketer in Durham, was killed in action on April 27.\n\n2ND LT ERIC NEWTON **MARSON** (9th Warwicks Regt), born on December 26, 1895, was killed in the Dardanelles on August 10. He was in the Eleven both at Aston School and Birmingham University.\n\nPTE JAMES HAMILTON **MAXWELL** (Royal Scots), killed May 22, aged 22. Wadham College XI, Oxford. { _W1918_ }\n\nIn 1925 his parents paid for the creation of Grassmarket Child Garden, now Grassmarket Nursery School, in Edinburgh where James was born. They wanted this to be a place where children from the overcrowded tenements could find freedom and fresh air, just as James had loved the hills and fresh air: on his holidays he would cycle with a home-made tent to the Cairngorms, where his parents also erected a stone memorial which stands in the Abernethy Forest off a road from Boat of Garten to Nethy Bridge.\n\n2ND LT HAROLD GOSTWYCK **MAY** (1 Bn Dorset Regt) died at Boulogne on March 27 of wounds received on March 14, aged 27. A good batsman and excellent wicketkeeper, he was in the Sherborne Eleven four years, 1904 to 1907, being captain in the last season...\n\nHe became a master at his former school in 1914.\n\n2ND LT CHRISTOPHER **MEAD** (4, attached 2, Bn East Surrey Regt) was killed in France on September 28, aged 27. He was educated at Charterhouse, where he was in the Eleven in 1906... He also gained his colours for football. In July he had been wounded, but returned to duty.\n\nCAPT JOHN MONFRIES **MITCHELL** (7 Bn Royal Scots) was killed in the great railway accident at Gretna Junction on May 22. He was one of the best-known cricketers in the Edinburgh district, and had played for Blair Lodge and captained the Royal High School. He was a good batsman, and had served in the Army for 12 years.\n\nSome 214 men of 7 Bn, The Royal Scots, and 13 passengers and railwaymen were killed in the Quintishill rail crash near Gretna in Dumfriesshire. The train with 500 troops on their way to Gallipoli ran into a train which had been left on the line, and a few seconds later an express from London, travelling in the opposite direction, crashed into the wreckage. Most of those killed, who had mainly been recruited from Edinburgh and Leith, are buried at Rosebank Cemetery in Edinburgh, where there is a special memorial.\n\nLT HENRY STUART **MOBERLY** (74th, attd 69th, Punjabis) was killed in action in France on September 25, aged 29. At Bedford Grammar School he obtained his colours for cricket, football, and swimming. He was in the School XI in 1905 and 1906, in the latter year taking 57 wickets for 14.94 runs each.\n\nAt the outbreak of war he was with his regiment in Hong Kong and took part in transporting German prisoners from Tsingtau to Japan before joining the 69th Punjabis in France.\n\nLT ARCHIBALD GIFFORD **MOIR** (7th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), born on March 25, 1890, was killed near Ypres on April 25. He was a sound batsman, and scored well for Fettes and Clackmannan County...\n\n*CAPT GEORGE KING MOLINEUX (2 Bn Northumberland Fusiliers), born on April 15, 1887, was stated to have fallen in France about the beginning of June, having previously been officially reported missing. He was in the Winchester Eleven of 1906... He was elected a member of the MCC in 1912.\n\nFrom Winchester he went on to Magdalen College, Oxford; he played in two matches for Oxford University in 1907 and two matches for Gentlemen of England in 1908. He was appointed ADC to Lord Hardinge of Penshurst, Viceroy of India, in August 1914, but resigned this appointment in order to accompany his regiment to France; he was last seen on May 8 wounded and unconscious in a trench.\n\nCAPT GUY WILLIAMS STUART **MORGAN** (Royal Welsh Fusiliers) who was killed in France on September 25, aged 20, after having been wounded twice, was not in the Eleven whilst at Winchester, but played for Christ Church, Oxford.\n\nHe is commemorated on a plaque in Llanspyddid Church in the Brecon Beacons.\n\n2ND LT STEPHEN BEVERLEY **MORGAN** (3rd Leics Regt), who was killed on May 14, aged 19, was in the Clifton Eleven in 1913 and 1914. He was a most promising all-round cricketer...\n\nLT EDMUND **MORTIMER** (6th Northumberland Fusiliers) was killed in action on April 26, aged 35. He was a poor bat, but had appeared occasionally in the Northumberland Eleven. He was brother of Mr W. B. Mortimer, mentioned below.\n\nAnother report called him \"a good bat, sound field and, on occasion, a dangerous change bowler\". He was in the Repton XI and played for Clare College, Cambridge. His colonel told the family after he was killed leading his platoon: \"He was very popular with the men, and his platoon adored him. His body was brought in, and we buried him near Wieltje. I had some red and white roses which the 5th Fusiliers wear on St George's Day, and I made a little wreath of them, and put it on the cross we made with his name and regiment. He was shot through the heart, and must have died instantaneously. He was as brave as a lion.\"\n\nLT WILLIAM BRIAN **MORTIMER** (4 Bn Durham Light Infantry) was killed in action on June 13, aged 39. He was educated at the Royal Lancaster Grammar School, where he was in the Eleven. Like his brothers, he had also been associated with the Lancaster CC.\n\nHe had served in the South African War with the Ceylon Mounted Infantry. After being invalided home in January 1915 he returned to the front on May 17 and was shot through the head while on duty observing the result of artillery fire near Ypres.\n\n2ND LT BASIL **MUIR** (6th Worcs Regt, attached 3 Bn) was killed in action in Flanders on June 16, aged 19. He was in the Malvern Eleven in 1914... He was a right-hand medium-paced bowler of much promise.\n\nLT LIONEL CLEMENT **MUNDEY** (Royal Fusiliers), was killed before Krithia, Gallipoli, on June 5, aged 22, but his death was not announced officially until June 1916. He obtained his House colours at Eton and played cricket for his Battalion. _{W1917}_\n\nNot Munday as in _Wisden_.\n\nCAPT PATRICK HALLAM **MURRAY** (RFA), killed near Neuve-Chapelle on September 25, aged 24, scored 141 runs for Malvern in 1909 with an average of 15.66. _{W1917}_\n\nCAPT EDWARD GRAHAM **MYLNE** (Irish Guards), killed on June 12, aged 32, was not in the Eleven whilst at Marlborough, but played later for Keble College, Oxford. _{W1917}_\n\nHe was the eldest of seven sons of the one-time Bishop of Bombay, later rector of Alvechurch, Worcs; the sixth son, Euan, died of wounds on September 15, 1916, aged 19, winning a posthumous MC.\n\n*CAPT GUY GREVILLE **NAPIER** (35th Sikhs) born on January 26, 1884, died in France on September 25, of wounds received earlier that day. Mr Napier will live in cricket history as one of the best medium-pace bowlers seen in the University Match in his own generation. Playing four times for Cambridge \u2013 1904 to 1907 \u2013 he took 31 wickets for 544 runs. Considering the excellent condition of the ground in the first three of these matches, his figures will bear comparison with the finest records of old days when scores were far smaller than they are now. He was nearly always seen to great advantage at Lord's, the slope of the ground no doubt helping him. At Lord's for the Gentlemen in 1907 he took six wickets for 39 runs in the Players' second innings, this, having regard to the class of the batsmen opposed to him, being the best performance of his life. It is scarcely an exaggeration to say that he did not bowl a bad ball in the innings. He fully retained his skill after his Cambridge days were over. When home from India, where he held a Government appointment at Quetta, he bowled with marked success for the MCC against Yorkshire at Scarborough in 1913, taking eight Yorkshire wickets in one innings for 44 runs. Bowling with a fairly high and very easy action, he had great command of length and made the ball go with his arm. Quick off the ground, he nearly always looked hard to play. He was in the Marlborough Eleven for three years \u2013 1899, 1900 and 1901 \u2013 taking nine wickets in his last match against Rugby. For Cambridge in first-class matches he took 67 wickets in 1904, 64 in 1905, 77 in 1906, and 75 in 1907. He was thus consistently successful for four seasons, but most of his best work was done at Lord's. In 1904 he played for the Gentlemen for the first time and made his first appearance for Middlesex. He was on the winning side three times, the match in 1904 being drawn. In 1905 he helped A. F. Morcom to get Oxford out in the last innings for 123, Cambridge gaining a sensational victory by 40 runs.\n\nHis best bowling was nine for 17 for Europeans v Parsees at Poona in 1909. He had been married for less than two months when he was killed; his widow did not remarry.\n\nLT ROWLAND EDMUND **NAYLOR** (1st Royal Welsh Fusiliers) fell in action on May 16, aged 21, having previously been wounded in October. He was the Eton wicketkeeper in 1912 and 1913, being also a useful batsman... He also played for Montgomeryshire. He was born on April 25, 1894.\n\n*LT-COL GEORGE HENRY **NEALE** (3rd Middlesex Regt), born at Reigate on January 31, 1869, was killed in France on September 28. He was an excellent batsman with strong back play and a very good off-drive. In 1886 and 1887 he was in the Lancing Eleven... Subsequently he played much Army cricket and in India especially made many large scores. At Peshawar in January, 1903, he made 55 and 124 not out for Peshawar v Oxford University Authentics, in the second innings going in first and carrying out his bat, and on the same ground a month later contributed 267 to the total of 607 scored by Queen's Regiment v Gordon Highlanders. Since 1902 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nHis single fc match was for MCC v London County at Lord's in May 1902; he was out for a duck in both innings.\n\nLT HUGH GEORGE **NEVILE** (2nd South Wales Borderers), after having been wounded twice, was killed in action in the Dardanelles on August 21, aged 36. He played occasionally for Lincolnshire. Whilst at Cambridge he obtained his Blue for golf.\n\n*LT CHARLES NEIL **NEWCOMBE** (7 Bn King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry) fell in action on December 27, aged 24. He was a useful left-handed slow-to-medium bowler, who made the ball swing, and in 1910 played for Derbyshire v Yorkshire at Chesterfield.\n\nHe played league football for Chesterfield and Rotherham.\n\nMAJOR GEORGE POPE **NEWSTEAD** (1 Bn Suffolk Regt, temporary Lt-Col, Sierra Leone Bn of the West African Frontier Force) died of wounds on March 4 at Paro, Cameroon, aged 39. He was in the Rugby School Eleven in 1894... He saw service in the South African War, receiving the Queen's medal with three clasps and the King's with two.\n\n2ND LT FRANK LESLIE **NIGHTINGALE** (Lincs Regt), killed on December 19, aged 34, was in the Dulwich Eleven in 1899 and 1900... He played occasionally for Surrey 2nd XI, and was well-known in club cricket in the county, especially in the Reigate district. _{W1917}_\n\nSUB-LT JOHN **NORMAN** (Howe Bn, RNVR) was killed in the Dardanelles on June 4, aged 22. A very useful all-round cricketer, he was in the St Paul's Eleven in 1909 and two following years... He threw the hammer for Cambridge against Oxford in 1913 and 1914.\n\n2ND LT DUNCAN McKAY MacDONALD **O'CALLAGHAN** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry) was killed at St Eloi on March 15, aged 23. He was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1909... In the first innings of the Oxford Freshmen's match of 1910 he took three wickets for 24 runs, but he did not obtain his Blue.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR ROXBURGHE **ORR** (2nd Scots Guards) was killed in action in France on October 17, aged 30. He was educated at Loretto, and played for Household Brigade and Stirling County, being a free-hitting batsman. In 1914 he had been wounded at Ypres.\n\n*LT-COL CECIL HOWARD **PALMER** (9th Royal Warwicks Regt), who was born on July 14, 1873, was killed in the Dardanelles on July 26. He was fourth in the Radley College averages in 1890 and third in 1891. In 1899 he made his first appearance for Hampshire, his chief success for the county that year being an innings of 64 v Yorkshire, at Bradford. Four seasons later \u2013 in June, 1903 \u2013 when assisting the Gentlemen of Worcestershire v Gentlemen of Warwickshire, on the Edgbaston ground, he made 102 in his first innings and 127 not out in his second. In July 1904, he scored 41 and 75 not out for Worcestershire v Oxford University, at Worcester, and later in the same season played in three matches for Hampshire, in that with Somerset at Taunton, making 37 and 49. He served in the South African War, being mentioned in Despatches and receiving the Queen's medal with four clasps.\n\nLT RONALD WILLIAM POULTON **PALMER** (4th Royal Berks Regt) was killed in the trenches on May 5, aged 25. In 1907 and 1908 he was in the Rugby Eleven... He was a splendid field. As a three-quarter he had played rugby football for Oxford University and England.\n\n_Wisden_ listed him under Poulton-Palmer. In 1914 he changed his surname by Royal Licence from Poulton to Palmer as a condition of inheriting a fortune from his uncle G. W. Palmer of the Huntley and Palmer biscuit company. He captained England in the 1913-14 unbeaten season; _The Times_ said that by his death \"Rugby football has lost one of its most brilliant exponents\". His gravestone at Ploegsteert, Belgium, has the inscription: \"His was the joy that made people smile when they met him.\"\n\nLT JOHN AUBREY **PARKE** (10th Durham Light Infantry, attd 9th Rifle Brigade), who was killed in France on September 25, aged 23, was in the Winchester XI in 1910 and 1911...\n\n*CAPT WILLIAM MACKWORTH **PARKER** (Adjutant 8th Rifle Brigade) who was born on September 1, 1886, was killed in action in Flanders on July 30. In 1903 and two following seasons he was in the Winchester Eleven. In 1906 he was in the Sandhurst XI, and subsequently he played frequently in Army cricket and for the Green Jackets and Free Foresters. Since 1912 he had been a member of the MCC. At Frensham Hill in August, 1909, he scored 106 and 103 for Bordon Camp v C. E. N. Charrington's XI. In 1914 he played at Lord's in the Centenary Week, for Army v Navy, making five and ten and taking four wickets for 81 runs.\n\nHis son, F. A. V. Parker, who was born in 1913, played for Hampshire (two matches) and Combined Services (three matches) in 1946.\n\nLT-COL WALTER HERBERT **PATERSON** (1 Bn East Surrey Regt) fell in action on April 20, aged 45. He was a very useful cricketer, and had played in the Farnham Grammar School XI. He served in the South African War, receiving the Queen's medal with two clasps.\n\n2ND LT JAMES LEY **PATON** (3rd Black Watch, attached 1 Bn), born in December, 1892, was killed in front of the German trenches on October 13, aged 23. He captained the St Andrews' University Eleven, and was also a member of the XV and of the golf teams. He played occasionally for Perthshire.\n\nCAPT BERTRAM **PAWLE** (8th Rifle Brigade) was killed in Flanders on July 30, aged 23. He was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1908 and three following years, being captain in 1911... At Oxford he played for the Freshmen in 1912, and for the Seniors the two following years, making 64 not out and nought in 1913, and 26 and 47 in 1914.\n\nPTE JAMES **PEARSON** (9th Royal Scots Highlanders), who was killed near Ypres on May 22, aged 26, was in the XI and XV at Watson's College. He was a good, free hitter, had made many hundreds, and was very keen in the field. He was an international footballer.\n\nBetween 1909 and 1913 he played 12 rugby internationals for Scotland.\n\n*CAPT ERIC FRANK **PENN** (4th Grenadier Guards), born in London on April 17, 1878, was killed in action in France on October 18. A member of the Eton Eleven of 1897... In 1899 and 1902 he played for Cambridge against Oxford, scoring 43 runs in his three innings and taking one wicket at a cost of 113 runs. In 1902 he played a not-out innings of 51 v All Ireland on the Cambridge ground. He visited America in 1898 as a member of Mr P. F. Warner's team, and the same year was elected a member of the MCC. Owing to service in the South African War, he did not play in first-class cricket in 1900 and 1901. His name will be found in Norfolk matches, commencing in 1899. He was the eldest son of Mr William Penn, and nephew of Messrs Frank and Alfred Penn, and of Messrs Frederic, Lennard and Graham Stokes, all of whom have played for Kent.\n\nPTE HENRY ERNEST **PERKIN** (Canadian Infantry), born at Tavistock, Devon, on April 9, 1881, fell in action on April 25. He was educated at Mannamede College, Plymouth, and Kelly College, Tavistock, and played later for the Canadian Pacific CC, of Winnipeg. { _W1917_ }\n\nSee his brother below. Not Perkins as in _Wisden_.\n\nPTE LESLIE NOEL **PERKIN** (Canadian Infantry), born at Tavistock, Devon, December 24, 1893, fell in action on May 22. He was educated at Dunheved College, Launceston, and played later for the Canadian Pacific CC, of Winnipeg. He was brother of Mr H. E. Perkin, mentioned above. { _W1917_ }\n\n2ND LT RODOLPH ALGERNON **PERSSE** (Rifle Brigade, attd 2nd 60th Rifles) who fell in action on January 1, was in the Eton XI of 1911. Against Winchester he took five wickets for 42 runs, and v Harrow four for 73. In the Freshmen's match at Oxford in 1913 he obtained four for 56. He was 22.\n\nHe had just completed his second year at Magdalen College when war broke out; he obtained a commission on August 26. He led his platoon in a night attack early on New Year's Day when he was killed in the trenches at Cuinchy.\n\n*LT EDWARD STONE **PHILLIPS** (1st Monmouthshire Regt) born at Newport (Mon.) on January 18, 1883, was killed in action in Flanders on May 8. For three years he was in the Marlborough Eleven... His great triumph at the College was to score 61 and 141 v MCC and Ground in July, 1900... In 1904 he obtained his Blue for Cambridge, scoring nine and 12 v Oxford. Since 1901 he had rendered excellent service to Monmouthshire, and, in making 133 not out v Glamorganshire at Cardiff in 1905, put on 284 for the second wicket with Silverlock (155 not out) without a separation being effected. He had been a member of the MCC since 1908, and was an amateur ex-champion of golf for England.\n\nAfter leaving Cambridge, where he played 10 fc matches, Phillips enjoyed a prolific summer in 1905 with Monmouthshire; in addition to his unbeaten 133 against Glamorgan, he scored 111 against Berkshire and 162 against Devon, and was chosen for South Wales against the Australians at Cardiff Arms Park. His friend Jack Brain was captain of both the South Wales team and Glamorgan, and had been instrumental in a campaign for Test cricket to come to South Wales in 1905. The campaign failed by a single vote and Trent Bridge was awarded the opening Test of the series, but the MCC authorities awarded Glamorgan a three-day match with the tourists. The cream of cricketing talent from Glamorgan and Monmouthshire formed the South Wales side, and on each day a crowd in excess of 10,000 turned up to cheer on their local men. Rain on the final day robbed the tourists of a likely innings victory. _Wisden_ noted that \"on the second day the pitch was moved a foot nearer the pavilion than it had been on the opening day, these proceedings being, of course, quite irregular\".\n\nThe interest in the game led to similar ventures for a South Wales side in subsequent years and Phillips represented South Wales against the 1906 West Indians (against whom he also played for the Minor Counties), the 1907 South Africans and the Gentlemen of Philadelphia in 1908, although none of these matches had fc status.\n\nDespite his increased business commitments as director of the family brewing firm, he continued to play regularly for Monmouthshire, his last game being in August 1914 against Kent Second Eleven at Newport. A week later he obtained a commission. In early May 1915, his battalion was engaged in the Battle of Frezenburg. On the morning of May 8 the order came to advance, and as a captured British officer watching from the German lines subsequently recorded: \"They came through a barrage of high explosive shells which struck them down by the dozens, but they never halted for a minute and continued the advance until hardly a man remained.\"\n\nPhillips was given a battlefield burial where he fell near St Julien, but in subsequent fighting his grave was destroyed by shellfire. His younger brother, Leslie, was killed 17 days later in the same area; see below. Both are commemorated on the Menin Gate. Two other brothers, Forrest and Herbert, survived.\n\nLT HERBERT HENRY **PHILLIPS** (3rd Leics Regt), who died in hospital at Merville on October 4 of wounds received in action, aged 22, had been captain of cricket and football at Hertford Grammar School.\n\nCAPT LESLIE **PHILLIPS** (1st Welsh Regt), brother of Mr E. S. Phillips [see above], was killed in Flanders on May 25, aged 28. He played occasionally for Monmouthshire, but was not in the Eleven whilst at Marlborough.\n\nCPL WILLIAM FREDERIC LONGLEY **PILKINGTON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Accrington, in Lancashire, on October 27, 1889, died of wounds on May 25. A useful batsman, he played with success for the Victoria CC of British Columbia. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT ROGER THOMPSON **POLLARD** (5th Royal Berks Regt), born on May 25, 1891, was killed on October 13 whilst leading a bombing attack. Whilst at St Paul's School he was in the Eleven in 1908 and two following years, being a useful all-round player... At Oxford he was in his College (Merton) Eleven, but did not obtain his Blue. He was in the Rugby XV both at St Paul's and Merton.\n\nHis elder brother, Geoffrey Blemell, had been killed in action on October 24, 1914.\n\n2ND LT J. S. **POOLE** (4th King's Royal Rifle Corps) was killed in action in the second week of May, aged 19. He was brilliant in the field and a good slow left-hand bowler. In 1913 and 1914 he was in the Rugby Eleven, and was captain-elect for last year. In 1913 he had a batting average of 22.72 and took 31 wickets for 20.35 runs each: in 1914 he averaged 13.44 with the bat and obtained 17 wickets at a cost of 23.82 apiece. On his only appearance \u2013 in 1913 \u2013 against Marlborough he played an innings of 35 and took one wicket.\n\n_The Times_ of May 21, 1915, reported him as missing. But John Sanderson Poole did not die: he was taken prisoner. Three times he escaped from the Germans and was twice recaptured, but the third time, at the end of October 1916, he made it to the safety of Holland and returned to England by boat from Rotterdam to Hull. It was by no means the end of his war: he joined the Royal Flying Corps and later served in North Russia until the middle of 1919. In WW2 he was once again captured, after fighting a rearguard action at Calais in May 1940; for four years he was moved from camp to camp as a punishment for causing trouble and aiding escapes.\n\nMajor Jack Poole, DSO, OBE, MC, told his extraordinary life story in _Undiscovered Ends_ , which was published in 1957. It is certain he never read his obituary in the 1916 _Wisden_ , or it would have featured in his autobiography which starts with his cricket at Rugby School: \"With me in the team had been C. P. Johnstone who later played for Cambridge University and Kent, J. L. Bryan, Cambridge, Kent and England, and M. D. Lyon, Cambridge, Somerset and England [sic].\" Poole evidently did not have a _Wisden_ to hand when he wrote this, as Lyon did not win a Test cap.\n\nPoole says he was captain-designate for 1914 (not 1915 as his obituary suggested), but after a prank misfired and his housemaster was sprayed with a fire hydrant, he was hauled before the head: \"He concluded his sermon by telling me bluntly that I was not fit to captain the Eleven the following term. Indeed, he added, I might not be there to do so. The incident caused a great storm through the school... Had I not had to pass my Army exams the next term, I might well have given notice myself \u2013 and my father agreed with me.\"\n\nBy August 1914 he was at Sandhurst, and in November he received his commission in the KRRC, aged 18 ( _LG_ Nov 10). His first posting was to Sheerness \u2013 \"a drab and featureless place at the best of times\" \u2013 in a unit to supply drafts of men for the battalions in France. \"Competition to get on an early draft was desperately keen, and the disappointed ones consoled themselves with the thought that the war might not be over that month. For most, their chance came all too soon, and the harsh realities of warfare cruelly dispelled the romantic pictures their minds had painted. How could these eager young hearts have guessed at the long and bloody struggle which lay before them?\"\n\nBy Christmas Eve he was near Aire, and in January 1915 he was marooned in the mud of the St Eloi sector: \"The German trenches were from 30 to 80 yards away and a certain amount of sniping took place, but the main battle lay with the mud.\" Poole goes on: \"Apart from the sniping and occasional shelling, there was little action in the front line. Very seldom did we or the Germans undertake a trench raid, but I remember Charles Poe's company doing a local night attack which proved very costly. We lost three officers killed and two wounded, 16 other ranks killed and 62 wounded, and gained very little except a few prisoners. Charles Lagden, who had only been with us for a week, was killed in this action. He had the unique distinction of winning four Blues for cricket, football, hockey and rackets, besides being a rugby football international.\" (See Ronald Owen Lagden, above.)\n\nIn April, after moving to the Ypres Salient, Poole narrowly avoided serious injury from a shell fragment: \"One inch higher and it would have penetrated my throat.\" On Easter Sunday, April 23, the second battle of Ypres began and Poole was in the thick of the action, as the 4th Battalion records state: \"About 250 men under Second-Lieutenant J. S. Poole were left in the front line to fill a gap.\" Poole writes: \"How I came to be in command of so large a body of men I cannot clearly recollect, but I can only suppose that I had to take over some other units in the vicinity.\" After quoting from the Battalion War Diary about the climax of the battle on May 8 onwards, Poole relates: \"When on 10 May I was blown up in a trench and captured I had been in the trenches, either in support or front line, for 26 continuous days, during which time we had been perpetually under fire... These last three days had cost my battalion 15 officers killed and wounded, and 478 rank and file killed, wounded and missing. Very few of the latter survived to be taken prisoner. On the night of my capture, when the battalion was pulled out from the combat zone, there remained only three officers and about a hundred men including signallers and stretcher-bearers.\"\n\nAfter musing on matters of courage and the winning of bravery medals, Poole continues: \"Gradually the figures of German soldiers came into focus and I realised I was a prisoner. My captors, from a Bavarian unit, showed me little hostility but viewed me with a certain curiosity, and to ascertain whether I was still alive they prodded me gently with their rifle butts. Apart from some superficial scratches and a ricked groin, I was none the worse for wear.\"\n\nHe then travelled hundreds of miles \"in comparative comfort\", finally arriving at a camp in Silesia where he found seven other British officers. Now he tells the story of his three escapes and his eventual return to England.\n\nIn late 1916 or early 1917, wearing borrowed uniform, he had a half-hour audience with King George V at Buckingham Palace. \"The King asked me to sit down and offered me a cigarette, thus putting me at my ease immediately. What a shame to smoke it, I thought: I would have preferred to keep it as a souvenir. His Majesty appeared much interested by my story and, when I had finished, asked a great number of questions.\" Six months later, he received the DSO from the king. By then, Poole had joined the Royal Flying Corps. He obtained his \"wings\" on June 5, 1917, and was on duty patrolling the Thames estuary, but had no contact with the enemy; the main danger was from \"friendly\" anti-aircraft fire \u2013 \"once, over Gravesend, we received a nasty peppering, fortunately causing no casualties\". However, his flying exploits came to an end when, promoted to fly Sopwith Camels, he staged a display of acrobatics and crashed when the wheels caught in the barbed wire fence of the aerodrome. He somehow avoided both serious injury and reprimand at a subsequent court of inquiry: \"I merely sent in a written statement which I presume was accepted, and on medical advice I decided to retire from the RFC.\"\n\nPosted once again to Sheerness, he made his escape by volunteering for a secret mission known as the \"Elope Force\" which sailed on June 23, 1918, for Murmansk. \"Having secured Murmansk against German occupation, the next task was the capture of Archangel.\" For Poole, the war was not finally over until June 1919. \"On arriving home, I found an official document awaiting me. It was a certificate from the War Office, informing me that the circumstances of my capture by the Germans in 1915 had been investigated and that no blame attached to my conduct.\"\n\nHe retired from the Army in 1920 with the MC to add to his DSO, and joined the family underwriting business at Lloyd's; John Poole & Sons dated from the 18th century. Jack's father, Arnold Henry, and his uncle Donald Louis, were joint partners, and Jack joined them as the third partner. But life at Lloyd's did not suit his restless nature, and after three years his underwriting account still showed a loss \u2013 as did his account with the bookmakers. \"Realising that I was out of harmony with City life, I decided to throw in my hand and try my luck elsewhere.\" Poole & Sons, however, flourished, and in the 1950s the family link was Jack's cousin (Donald's eldest son), Oliver Brian Sanderson Poole, who was chairman of the Conservative Party and later of Lazard Brothers, and in 1958 became Baron Poole of Aldgate in the City of London.\n\nIn 1922, Jack Poole narrowly missed playing in a first-class match for MCC when he was asked to play against Oxford University at Lord's: \"Unfortunately, the previous Saturday when bowling in a match at Stanmore, a full-toss of mine was directed back with some velocity on to my shin and I was unable to turn out for the MCC. Patsy Hendren took my place; rather bad luck on Oxford!\" (In the event the match was ruined by rain; Hendren scored 37.) Poole continues: \"Country-house cricket was great fun. I well remember spending a delightful week at Chirk Castle. Great keenness was shown here, and my host, Tommy Howard de Walden, always led his team on to the field.\"\n\nIn 1923, Poole went to seek his fortune in a variety of enterprises in Southern Rhodesia. \"Occasional cricket matches were held but often necessitated a good deal of travelling.\" After six years in Rhodesia, he applied and was selected to become an Assistant District Commissioner in the Sudan Political Service.\n\nThe many facets of his seven-year contract in the Sudan are covered in his book, including this passage about his domestic arrangements: \"My household staff consisted of Gin and Bitters, butler and footman, immaculately clean in their white shorts and loose-fitting singlets. Suleiman, my cook, was unable to satisfy my solitary culinary needs without the help of a couple of assistants.\n\nAnd then there was Aneege. Aneege was a fine, lusty, young Dinka girl of about 15 years, beautifully proportioned and with the large soft eyes of a spaniel. Camp-follower, concubine, mistress, or whatever you like to call them, they are the natural appendage to the white man's burden.\"\n\nThe most astonishing revelation came in an article filed by James Astill from Khartoum that appeared in _The Observer_ on Sunday, October 21, 2001. Under the headline \"An Englishman's Legacy in Sudan\", Astill tells of a meeting with Arthur, who was the only child of Jack and his native \"bride\": \"Arthur recalls that Jack paid 35 cows for his Dinka 'bride' \u2013 whose first name was Mary. When Jack \u2013 known to the Dinka as Aginejok, or black-and-white bull \u2013 was released from his last PoW camp in 1945, crowds thronged to Tonj to celebrate with her. When he died, despite having sent no word for 30 years, more cattle were slaughtered, and Mary shut herself away for six months, according to Dinka custom. She never remarried.\" The story of the 35 cows and the child is not mentioned in Jack's memoirs.\n\nJack did marry once he returned to England. Out on a day's hunting, his hired horse fell at the first hurdle and \"clouted\" him on the head. He was sent home to bed after hospital treatment: \"Soon a nurse arrived in the shape of Audrey. She took complete charge of me and married me shortly after.\" He continued: \"My married life with Audrey brought me the greatest of happiness, but all too soon the clouds of war shadowed our silver lining.\" He helped in the preparations for war by commanding a TA anti-aircraft battery with units between Brighton and Newhaven. At the end of 1939, the War Office ordered all reserve officers to return to their original regiments; next May, Poole was in Calais, fighting a three-day rearguard action. A report on the historynet.com website recounts: \"Second Lieutenant Airey Neave from a searchlight unit was sent to support B Company, 2nd Battalion, KRRC. The commanding officer, Major J. S. Poole, was a veteran of World War I. 'I am afraid they may break through, said Poole, surprising Neave with the anxiety in his voice. 'Get your people in the houses either side of the bridge. You must fight like bloody hell.'\" But before long, the Germans were in control and Poole \"was one of a long, weary, dispirited column of British and French, the shambling remains of a defeated army\".\n\nPoole spent the next four years as a prisoner of war, sent from camp to camp where his knowledge made him an invaluable member of escape committees and he met men like Pat Reid of Colditz fame; he had already came across Airey Neave, who was the first British officer to make a \"home run\" from Colditz. Poole himself did not go to Colditz and, in poor health, his work was in planning escapes. Liberation came thanks to the Americans on April 25, 1945.\n\nOn his way back home to be reunited with his wife, he pondered how he would miss the \"cheerful company\" of his brother Alick, \"who had been killed on the beaches of Normandy\". Capt Alick Hugh Poole, of the 24th Lancers, Royal Armoured Crops, was killed on June 7, 1944, the day after the Normandy landings; he was 34 and is buried in Bayeux War Cemetery. Then Jack met Audrey again, and \"the fact gradually penetrated my dazed mind that another man was about to step into my shoes... Although there was some morbid consolation for me in the knowledge that I was not alone in this misfortune, the fact nevertheless remained that, like so many endeavours of my life, my marriage had proved to be just another dead-end.\"\n\n_Undiscovered Ends_ almost finishes there, but there is a three-page \"Postscript\". Jack's battles now are with alcoholism and depression, and his thoughts go back \"more than once\" to the Sudan. Dick Wyndham, his best friend and colleague in many adventures, was shot dead in 1948 covering the first Egypt-Israeli War as a correspondent for the Kemsley Press. \"My old ulcer, or what was left of it, never remained dormant for long.\" Having lost so much money to bookmakers, he is now working for a firm near St James's Street, convenient for White's, his London club, \"where I lunch most days\". He concludes: \"Laughter and the love of friends alone brings me the happiness and stimulation necessary for survival, and in the autumn of my life I can at least boast that I am now living \u2013 though doubtless beyond my means.\"\n\nJack Poole, who was born in 1895, died in a London hospital on July 5, 1966, half a century after his obituary appeared in _Wisden_.\n\nTerence Prittie wrote this tribute for _The Times_ (July 9, 1966): \"Jack Poole, who died on July 5, enjoyed the unenviable distinction of having been taken prisoner by the Germans in both world wars. But this has led to his holding a very special place in the memories of a great number of his friends. In the First World War Jack made a brilliantly successful escape from Germany to Holland, and so back to England. In the Second World War he was taken prisoner at the end of May [1940] in Calais and with his brother-officers of the 60th and Rifle Brigade was marched off along the dusty roads in the direction of Germany. On the very first day after the fall of Calais he began preaching the virtues of early escape and explaining how much more difficult it would be to get out of a highly guarded German prison camp. On the second day of \"the march\" he set a gallant example, by diving over the parapet of a bridge from his place in the long column of prisoners. Jack was picked up days later by the Germans but the force of his example was such that a dozen officers, including the writer of this, found ways of slipping away from the column on the next day. Three of them, including a brother-officer in the 60th, Major-General Williams, escaped to England. For five years in German prison camps Jack acted as confidant and adviser to prospective escapers. His astute and active brain was behind some of the most exciting and successful escapes of the war. Those of us who served with him will remember, too, his warm heart, ready wit and patient courage. He was an inspiration to all who knew him, not just behind barbed wire but throughout a life full of friendship and shared laughter.\"\n\nA memorial service was held on September 14, 1966, at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton, when Terence Prittie read a lesson and an address was given by the Marquess of Linlithgow.\n\nIn 2012, James Astill recalled his encounter with Jack's son in 2001: \"I met Arthur while I was in Khartoum looking for Osama bin Laden's bank account. He was totally charming; we drank moonshine together on his rooftop, in Omdurman, I think.\"\n\n_Portrait of Jack Poole painted by Alistair MacLeod in Eichstatt prisoner of war camp in WW2_\n\nArthur Poole became Secretary General of South Sudan Red Cross (SSRC), which was established in July 2011 following the independence of the Republic of South Sudan. In 2012, the National Assembly formally recognised the SSRC as a national society in providing humanitarian assistance in South Sudan. Arthur Poole was pictured in May 2012 as South Sudan, for the first time as an independent country, was able to join the rest of the world in marking the World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day.\n\nLT REGINALD THOMAS BUCKINGHAM **POPE** (1 Bn Welsh Regt) was killed in action near Ypres on February 16, aged 23. As a member of the Bradfield College Eleven of 1910, he was second in the averages with 33.00, his highest score being 106.\n\nHis elder brother, Cyril Montague, had died on October 24, 1914 \u2013 the same day as Roger Pollard's brother, above.\n\nPTE THOMAS CHRISTOPHER **PORTER** (6 Bn Manchester Regt) was killed in the Dardanelles on June 4, aged 29. He made many good scores for the old Manchester Broughton CC, and twice headed the averages, in 1905 (when he played for Lancashire 2nd XI) his figures being 11\u20130\u2013115*\u2013642\u201358.36. He was well-known as an Association footballer.\n\nLT RONALD WILLIAM **POULTON-PALMER** [see PALMER above]\n\n2ND LT LEONARD MAURICE **POWELL** (1 Bn Gordon Highlanders) fell in action on June 17, aged 20. In 1911 and two following years he was in the Loretto Eleven... In 1914 he appeared in the Freshmen's match at Cambridge, scoring 22 and 5, and also made 76 runs in eight innings for Kent 2nd XI.\n\nHis name is not on the Blythe Memorial at Kent CCC.\n\nLT RICHARD HENRY **POWELL** (Royal Sussex Regt) died in France on May 9, aged 31. He was in the Haileybury XI in 1901 and 1902, and was editor of the sporting department of _The Times_. { _W1920_ }\n\nHis birth on March 15, 1884, his forthcoming marriage and then marriage, were all announced in _The Times_ , and his obituary finally appeared in the same paper on June 3, 1919: \"We regret to record the death, which occurred on or after May 9, 1915, of Lieutenant Richard H. Powell, Royal Sussex Regiment, formerly editor of the sporting department of _The Times_. He led his men in the attack at the Rue du Bois, Richebourt l'Avoue, and was reported wounded and missing. Though rumour supported the hope that he might have been taken prisoner, four years have passed without further news, and his death must now be presumed.\n\n\"Richard Powell was born in London in 1884, the son of the late Henry Prior Powell, of the firm of Cotesworth and Powell, and was educated at Eton, Haileybury, where he was in the Eleven, and Trinity College, Cambridge. Before joining _The Times_ , he had some experience of theatrical management, and he was the author of _The White Dove_ , performed at the Glasgow Repertory Theatre in 1907, and of _The Wynmartens_ , at the Playhouse, in May, 1914, with Miss Marie Tempest in the leading part. Four years before the war he joined the sporting department of _The Times_ , and developed its organisation with exceptional skill. Shortly after the outbreak of war he joined the Inns of Court OTC and obtained a commission in the Royal Sussex in November, 1914. By his friends in Printing House Square he will long be remembered as a fine journalist, a good comrade, and an honest man. He married in 1910 Barbara Frances, elder daughter of the late G. J. Courthope, and leaves a son and a daughter.\"\n\nMemorial notices appeared in _The Times_ until 1974, two years after the death of his widow. From 1946, the name of their son appeared in the same notice: Major John Henry Courthope Powell, of the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry, was killed in Normandy on July 19, 1944, aged 31.\n\nLT LIONEL HENRY YORKE **POWNALL** (1 Bn Royal West Kent Regt) was killed in action on March 21, aged 19. He was in the Clifton College Eleven of 1913, when he scored 57 runs with an average of 6.33.\n\nLT HENRY BERTRAM **PRICE** (London Rifle Brigade), born at Montmorency Falls on February 25, 1891, was killed in action at Ypres on May 3. He was a useful all-round player for the Quebec CC. He had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nPTE JOHN **PURDIE** (Canadian Infantry), born at Hamilton, Scotland, April 17, 1895; died of wounds, May 8. Lynn Valley CC, of Vancouver (BC). { _W1918_ }\n\n*2ND LT ROLAND **RAW** (9th Lancs Fusiliers) was killed in action in the Dardanelles on August 7, aged 31. He was in the Clifton College Eleven in 1901 and 1902... He did not obtain his Blue at Cambridge.\n\nHe played in two matches for Gentlemen of England in 1905.\n\nLT DOUGLAS **RAWES** (8 Bn King's Royal Rifle Corps) died in London on August 16 of wounds received in Flanders on June 26, aged 34. He gained his colours at Dover College at the age of 16, and afterwards kept up the game in Lisbon.\n\n*L\/CPL WILFRED FRANCIS **REAY** (Royal Fusiliers), born at Wallington, in Surrey, on June 12, 1891, was killed on September 28. He was an excellent fast-medium bowler in club cricket, and for the Beddington and Purley clubs obtained hundreds of wickets. In September 1912, he took all ten wickets in an innings for 30 runs for Beddington v Honor Oak on the latter's ground. In June, 1910, he played at Eastbourne for Gentlemen of England v Oxford University. His elder brother, Mr Gilbert Reay, has appeared occasionally for Surrey. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT HARRY NOEL LESLIE **RENTON** (9th King's Royal Rifle Corps) who was born in Ceylon, was killed in action on July 30, aged 20. He was the wicketkeeper of the Harrow Eleven in 1914, and in the match with Eton played a very useful not-out innings of 28.\n\nHe obtained a commission rather than take up his place at Magdalen College, Oxford. He was killed near Hooge during the capture of a German trench. His commanding officer wrote: \"He was a real soldier through and through, absolutely fearless, painstaking, trustworthy, and his men loved him. He was my right hand in everything, and however difficult the task set him I could always be absolutely sure he would see it through all right.\"\n\nLT NEVILLE HAMILTON **RICKETTS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Hamilton (Ontario), January 2, 1892; died of wounds, December 31. Toronto CC. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT NORRIS **RIPPON** (1 Bn 5th Duke of Wellington's) who was killed by a sniper on November 18, aged 23, was educated at Giggleswick, where he was in the Elevens.\n\nA fortnight before his death, his fianc\u00e9e waved him off from Huddersfield after a short period of leave.\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS WATSON **ROBARTS** (1 Bn 14th London Regt, London Scottish) fell in action in France on October 13, aged 33. He was well-known as a batsman in Metropolitan club cricket, especially for the Norwood CC and the Wanderers.\n\nA history of the church in South Norwood where he was a Sunday school superintendent has this record: \"Keen and faithful at all his work and simply beloved by children.\"\n\nLT-COL CHARLES LAWSON **ROBINSON** (1 Bn Monmouthshire Regt) was killed in action on May 8. He had been a member of the Eleven and Fifteen at Durham School.\n\nCAPT FREDERIC WILFRID **ROBINSON** (Canadian Infantry), born on May 23, 1886, was killed on June 15. He was in the Eleven at Trinity College School, Port Hope, in 1903. { _W1917_ }\n\n2ND LT ALBERT JOHN HAVILLAND **ROE** (7th King's Royal Rifles), who was killed in action on August 9, aged 24, was in the Merchant Taylors' School Eleven in 1908 and two following years... He was not in the Eleven at Oxford, but only just missed obtaining his Blue for rugby.\n\nCAPT JAMES McBAIN **RONALD** (The Buffs), killed on April 23 on his 39th birthday, north of Ypres, was well known in Canterbury with the Old Stagers. He served in the South African War, in which he was wounded.\n\nHe was educated at Harrow and Sandhurst.\n\n**LT-COL HENRY LOUIS **ROSHER** (2 Bn, Dorset Regt) was killed in action on April 14 at Shaiba, Mesopotamia, aged 48. He was born on May 7, 1866, at Edmonton, Middlesex, and educated at Tonbridge. His single fc match was for J. G. Greig's XI against Hindus at Poona in August 1912, which has first-class status although it was a two-day match. Rosher, who was commanding 2 Bn, was among 17 British officers killed in a fierce but ultimately successful battle with some 15,000 Turkish soldiers who were entrenched near Basra.\n\nL\/CPL CLIFFORD GODFREY **ROUGHTON** (Canadian Infantry), born in London (England) on February 1, 1892, was killed on April 22. He was a member of the St John's CC, of Calgary. { _W1917_ }\n\n2ND LT CUBITT NOEL **RUNDLE** (2nd South Wales Borderers, attached to 5th Royal Scots) fell in action in the Dardanelles on June 19, aged 19. He was captain of the cricket and football Elevens at Victoria College, Jersey.\n\nAccording to a report in the _Jersey Evening Post_ of June 25, 1915, the day before his parents received the War Office telegram informing them of their son's death, they received letters from him describing his landing at the end of May. The letters were full of keenness and zest and said how he was enjoying the life in spite of the ceaseless danger from shells and bullets. His father, Lt-Col Cubitt Sindall Rundle, of the RAMC, who was senior medical officer at the Jersey PoW camp, died suddenly of heart failure on November 11, 1916, aged 62.\n\n**MAJOR EUSTACE FREDERICK **RUTTER** (1 Bn, East Lancs Regt) was killed in action near Ypres on May 13, aged 44. He was born on June 20, 1870, at Hillingdon, Middlesex; his father, Frederick John, played two matches for Lancashire in 1868. He was educated at Rugby. He played eight matches for Europeans in 1905. He served in South Africa and on the North-West frontier of India. MiD.\n\n*CAPT JAMES HENRY ALOYSIUS **RYAN** (1st Liverpool Regt) was killed in France on September 25, aged 23. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Wellingborough Grammar School, but played once or twice for Northamptonshire in 1913 and 1914, in the latter year making 41 v Somerset on the Northampton ground. He appeared also for Sandhurst and Aldershot Command, his right-hand fast bowling proving very useful. He had received the Military Cross and been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe was not at Wellingborough GS but went to Downside where he was captain of cricket, football and hockey. In addition to eight matches for Northamptonshire, he played one match for Ireland in 1912.\n\nLT ALEXANDER GORDON **SALE** (King's African Rifles), killed on March 9, aged 20, was in the Repton Eleven in 1913... { _W1917_ }\n\nCAPT ARTHUR LEGGE **SAMSON** , MC (Royal Welch Fusiliers), killed September 25, aged 33. Merton College (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nHis death at the Battle of Loos is graphically described in Robert Graves's _Goodbye to All That_ : \"Samson lay groaning about 20 yards beyond the front trench. Several attempts were made to rescue him... three men got killed in these attempts; two officers and two men wounded.\" When at last Samson's orderly managed to reach him, Samson sent him back saying he was so badly hit that it was not worth rescuing him, and apologising for the noise he had made. Later, Graves records how he found Samson's body after dark. \"The first dead body I came upon was Samson's, hit in 17 places. I found that he had forced his knuckles into his mouth to stop himself crying out and attracting any more men to his death.\" The inscription on his headstone reads: \"Of all thy brave adventures, this the last, the bravest, was the best.\"\n\n*CAPT GEORGE AMELIUS CRAWSHAY **SANDEMAN** (3 Bn Hampshire Regt) was born in 1883, and was killed in Flanders on April 26. As a left-handed bowler he obtained a place in the Eton XI in 1901 and 1902, in the latter year (when he headed the averages) taking all ten wickets for 22 runs in the first innings of Winchester and 16 for 46 in the match: bowling against the wind, he made the ball swerve and was almost unplayable. That season his 35 wickets for Eton cost 11.62 runs each. At Oxford he was chosen for the Freshmen's match, but did not obtain his Blue. He played for the Eton Ramblers and Free Foresters, and had been a member of the MCC since 1904. He was Squire of Fonab, Perthshire.\n\nAs well as playing for MCC and Free Foresters in 1914, he appeared in three matches for Hampshire in 1913. He was the only son of Lt-Col George Sandeman and his wife Amy; his mother died days after his birth. He inherited the Fonab estate after his father died in 1905, and he became a partner in the wine merchants and shippers David Sandeman and Sons of Pall Mall. The 1911 census lists him as living in the family home in Grosvenor Gardens, London, with five servants, and at the time he was a student at the Bar; he was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1913. He joined the Hampshire Regiment at the outbreak of war and went to France on August 27, 1914; he was missing in action on April 26, 1915, during the 2nd Battle of Ypres near Zonnebeke. He is commemorated on the Menin Gate and there are memorials to him in Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, Pitlochry \u2013 which has the inscription \"He loved duty more than he feared death\" \u2013 and on the war memorial at the Temple Church in London.\n\nLT HAROLD SCOTT **SANDERSON** (8 Bn Black Watch) was killed in France on September 25, aged 22. At Charterhouse he represented the school at cricket, football and fives, and won the Rackets Cup. He was in the Eleven in 1910 and 1911... From 1912 to 1914 he batted well for the Grange CC of Edinburgh.\n\nHis brother, Fred Borthwick (qv), died on August 10, 1916, aged 27.\n\nLT CECIL OVERSBY **SAYER** (Durham Light Infantry), died of wounds, June 7, aged 30. Queen's College (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT WILFRED PAUL **SCHOLES** (1 Bn 4th Leics Regt) was killed in action in France on October 13, aged 20. He was educated at Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester, where he was for two years captain of the cricket Eleven and Victor Ludorum at the sports, 1913.\n\nCAPT CHARLES HARRY NORMAN **SCHOLEY** (Rifle Brigade) was killed in France on September 25, aged 23. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Uppingham, but played for Clare College, Cambridge, at cricket, hockey and rugby football.\n\nLT JOHN HARTLEY **SCHUTE** (6 Bn Royal Irish Fusiliers), previously reported missing, was officially stated in September to have been killed in the Dardanelles [on August 15]. He was a well-known Irish cricketer and footballer.\n\nCAPT ALISTER WILL HENDERSON **SCOTT** (2nd Worcs Regt) was born at Pietermaritzburg, and died on May 16 of wounds received near Ypres, aged 23. He was in the Malvern Eleven in 1909 and 1910, being contemporary with D. J. Knight, J. H. and F. C. G. Naumann, and A. C. P. Arnold. He was a very useful all-round cricketer, and it is a curious fact that he headed the bowling with 22.08 in 1909 and was last with 19.21 in 1910. For three seasons he was in the Malvern football Eleven.\n\n2ND LT ANTHONY BEAN TRACEY **SIMPSON** (Duke of Wellington's Regt), killed May 6, aged 19. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1913... { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY BARNSLEY **SIMPSON** (7th York and Lancaster Regt), who died of wounds on November 12, aged 24, was captain of the Harrogate XI in 1913 and 1914.\n\n2ND LT PHILIP SIDNEY **SNELL** (6th Royal Irish Fusiliers) was killed in the Dardanelles on August 9, aged 22. He was educated at Campbell College, Belfast, where he was in the Eleven.\n\nMAJOR ALFRED **SOAMES** , DSO (6th East Kent Regt), who was killed in France on October 13, aged 53, was well known in cricket circles in Johannesburg, especially as an umpire on the Wanderers ground.\n\nHe was awarded the DSO in 1902 for services during operations in South Africa.\n\nLT GERALD CAMERON **SOUTHERN** (53rd Sikhs, Frontier Force) was born in March 1892, and died on July 21 of wounds received in the Dardanelles. In 1909 and two following seasons he was in the Clifton College Eleven, being captain in 1911, when he scored 102 and 47 in the match with Malvern and averaged 23.15. He was an excellent fieldsman and in 1910 had captained the Rugby XV.\n\nSGT JOSEPH **SPOONER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Bury St Edmunds on May 22, 1870, was killed on November 14. He was a fair cricketer, and played for the Galt CC, of Ontario. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT ALEXANDER POPHAM **SPURWAY** , RN (HMS Achilles) died of illness on November 29, aged 24. He was in the Eleven both at Osborne and Dartmouth.\n\nHe was only accepted in 2012 by the CWGC for commemoration on Plymouth Naval Memorial. CWGC gives his ship as HMS _Victory_. One brother, the Rev Francis Edward Spurway, played 23 matches for Somerset 1920\u201329, and died in 1980, aged 86 (obituary in _Wisden 1982_ ); another brother, Michael Vyvyan Spurway, played three times for Somerset in 1929 and was believed to be the oldest county cricketer at the time of his death in 2007, aged 98 (obituary in _Wisden 2008_ ). Their father, the Rev Edward Popham Spurway, who played two matches for Somerset, 13 years apart in 1885 and 1898, was Rector of St John the Baptist, Heathfield, Oake, Somerset, from 1896 \u2013 when he took over from his father who had been rector for 40 years \u2013 until his death in February 1914, aged 50 (obituary in _Wisden 1915_ ).\n\n2ND LT JOHN LOCKHART **STERLING** (3rd, attd 2nd, Royal Scots Fusiliers) fell in action in France on September 28, aged 20. He played cricket at Sedbergh and Glasgow Academy.\n\nHe died in hospital of wounds or gas inhalation sustained near Hulloch on the first day of the Battle of Loos on September 25, when the British used gas for the first time.\n\n2ND LT PAUL WILLIAM JOHN **STEVENSON** (23rd London Regt) fell in Flanders on May 25, aged 20. He was in the Christ's Hospital Eleven of 1913...\n\nLT JAMES ALEXANDER LOCAN **STEWART** (1st Rifle Brigade) was reported missing on May 13, his death on that date at Shelltrap Farm, Weiltje being announced in August by the German Red Cross. He was 22, and had played for Winchester in 1911...\n\nLT RICHARD KELLOCK **STIRLING** (5th, attached 1st, Royal Fusiliers) was killed in Flanders on August 21, aged 22. He was educated at Exeter School and Exeter College, Oxford, and played in his College Eleven.\n\nLT ARTHUR ROY **STOCK** (Ayrshire Yeomanry), died of pneumonia, December 12. Eton XI, 1910. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR WILLIAM SINCLAIR **STOCKDALE** (7th Durham Light Infantry), previously reported missing, was officially reported in June to have been killed in action [on May 24]. He was a member of the Sunderland Eleven.\n\nLT WALTER EDWIN **STOCKDALE** (Sherwood Rangers Yeomanry), killed in the Dardanelles on September 10, was a well-known cricketer and hockey-player in the Retford district.\n\n**CAPT NORMAN KINGSLEY **STREET** (Worcs Regt) died at Sari Bahr, Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, on August 10, aged 33. He was born at Birmingham on August 13, 1881, and was educated at Bromsgrove School and Sandhurst. A middle-order right-hand batsman, he played in five matches for Warwickshire in 1908, scoring 43 runs in nine innings. He was commissioned in 1901 and served in Bermuda, Barbados, Jamaica, Malta, Egypt, India and West Africa. In January 1915, he was appointed to the Headquarters Staff of the 39th Infantry Brigade and went to the Dardanelles in June. MiD.\n\n2ND LT ROBERT ALEXANDER **STUART** (7th Cameron Highlanders), who was killed in action on September 25, was the fast bowler of Watson's College Eleven in 1911.\n\n**LT JAMES FREDERICK **SUTCLIFFE** (Royal Marine Light Infantry) was killed in action at Helles, Gallipoli, on July 14, aged 38. He was born at Chatham, Kent, on December 12, 1876. His single fc match was for Hampshire against Worcestershire at Worcester in August 1911; batting at No. 7, he scored 16 and eight. The _Wisden_ report begins: \"Represented by a very weak Eleven, Hampshire suffered defeat by eight wickets.\" He was one of two colour sergeants (as _Wisden_ gives his rank) who played for the county in 1911, the other being Harold Forster (qv, below). The _LG_ of June 1, 1915, records the promotion from Warrant Officer to Lieutenant: \"Sergeant-Major James Frederick Sutcliffe, Royal Marine Light Infantry, vice Sanders, killed in action. Dated May 11, 1915.\" Sutcliffe was killed in the assaults on the Turkish lines at Achi Baba Nullah when the Portsmouth Bn advanced too far from their trenches and overshot their objective of a Turkish trench; in the subsequent counter-attack, the battalion suffered 237 men killed and wounded. Sutcliffe is remembered on a memorial cross at Portsmouth Cathedral and on the Helles Memorial.\n\nLT CLEMENT AUBREY **SYMONS** (10th Gloucs Regt) was killed in action on September 25, aged 22. He was a member of the cricket and football teams at King Edward's School, Bath.\n\n2ND LT RONALD FRANCIS **TAYLOR** (5th Shrops Light Infantry) was killed in Flanders on August 8, aged 27. In 1907 he was in the Malvern College Eleven... He did not obtain his Blue at Cambridge.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS RALPH **TAYLOR** (6 Bn Lancs Fusiliers) was killed in the Dardanelles on August 7, aged 28. He was a member of the Castleton CC.\n\nCAPT ALEC VAUGHAN **THOMAS** (11th East Surrey Regt, attd 2nd Hampshire) was killed in action in the Dardanelles on August 6, aged 22. He was in the Repton XI in 1912, when he headed the batting averages with 29.30, and subsequently played at Oxford for his College, Oriel, but did not obtain his Blue. In 1913 he appeared in the Freshmen's match, but failed to score.\n\nCAPT GEORGE OLIVER **THOMAS** (2 Bn Royal Welsh Fusiliers), who was killed in Flanders on September 26, aged 31, was well known in North Wales as a cricketer.\n\n2ND LT ALAN HAWTIN **THOMPSON** [see TOMPSON below]\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR GEOFFREY **THURLOW** (8th Duke of Wellington's Regt) died at Alexandria on August 29 of wounds received in the Dardanelles eight days earlier, aged 23. In 1909 and two following years he was in the Felsted Eleven... He was an all-round athlete and played hockey several times for Cambridge University in 1912-13.\n\nLT ALEXANDER FINDLATER **TODD** (1st Norfolk Regt) was killed in action at Hill 60, near Ypres on April 21. He was educated at Mill Hill School (1885\u20131892), where he was in the Eleven, and subsequently played occasionally for Berkshire, being a capital wicketkeeper. Playing for Beckenham v Streatham, at Streatham, in June, 1899, he was bowled three times in two overs by H. L. Dawson, twice in an over with no-balls. He was a famous rugby footballer, playing for Cambridge University in 1893\u201394\u201395, and later for England against Scotland and Ireland. In 1896 he was a member of the English Rugby XV in South Africa. He served through the South African War as a captain in Roberts' Horse, and was wounded. He was born on September 20, 1873.\n\n2ND LT JOSEPH SIMPSON McKENZIE **TOMBS** (48th Brigade, RFA) died on September 11, aged 27, of wounds received in Belgium. At Loretto he was in the Football XI and twelfth man at cricket. For many years he played for Rock Ferry, his best season being that of 1910, when he made 441 runs with an average of 23.21.\n\nHe was a journalist and a regular contributor to _Punch_. His younger brother, James, died on February 18, 1916.\n\n2ND LT ALAN HAWTIN **TOMPSON** (4th Grenadier Guards), who fell in action in France on September 27, aged 35, was in the Charterhouse XI in 1898 and 1899, being captain the latter year... His chief scores that season were 144 v Butterflies and 105 v Free Foresters. Since 1900 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nNot Thompson as in _Wisden_.\n\n*CAPT FRANCIS WHITCHURCH **TOWNEND** (Royal Engineers) died on March 28, aged 29. He was born in Nova Scotia and educated at Dulwich, but left too young to be in the Eleven. He was a well-known Army cricketer, having appeared for the Royal Engineers against the Royal Artillery at Lord's several times. He had also played for the Bombay Presidency, the Indian Army and the Free Foresters.\n\n_Francis Townend_\n\nThe _Montreal Daily Star_ of April 16, 1915, carried a front page report headlined \"Heroism of Canadian captain after German shell mutilated him\" based on the account of an ambulance driver in France: \"Captain Townend was with the Indian Engineers inspecting telegraph wires, when a shell burst in their midst. He was found in a shell hole with his legs apparently half-buried. He told the ambulance man to attend to the others first, as he was all right. When Captain Townend was moved they found he had been standing on the stumps of his legs, which were both shot off at the knee. He was perfectly conscious and calm, and, looking at his legs, asked quietly, his handsome face showing no pain, 'Tie something tightly round both thighs to stop the bleeding.' Another horrible wound was found in his arm. While it was being dressed, Captain Townend said: 'I think I'll give up football next year.' As he was carried to the hospital where he died, he was perfectly collected, laughed, and quietly apologised for all the trouble. The driver adds: 'I have never seen such courage before. I felt as I left the hospital that I had seen a man.'\n\nCAPT CECIL THOMAS **TUFF** (Royal West Kent Regt) was killed in action at Hill 60, near Ypres, on April 18, aged 29. He made many good scores for St Lawrence CC, Band of Brothers, and other Kent clubs.\n\nBrother of Frank, below.\n\n*2ND LT FRANK NOEL **TUFF** (Royal East Kent Mounted Rifles), born at Rochester on November 26, 1889, died at Malta on November 5, of wounds received in the Dardanelles on October 23. At Malvern, where he was in the Eleven for three years, he was the chief bowler of the side, medium-paced, in 1906, and headed the averages in each of the following seasons. At Oxford in 1909 he scored 29 not out and 36 and took three wickets in the Freshmen's match, and in the next year obtained his Blue. Against Cambridge he made 10 not out and obtained one wicket for 21 runs, but against the Gentlemen of England the same year his analyses were five for 28 and two for 18. He also appeared for Kent 2nd XI, Band of Brothers and Free Foresters, and played football for Malvern, Oxford and the Corinthians.\n\nBrother of Cecil, above. Their father, Charles, was elected MP for Rochester at a by-election in September 1903 but lost the seat at the general election in January 1906. After his death in 1929 it was said that he never came to terms with the loss of two of his four sons.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR HARRINGTON SEYMOUR **TUKE** (2 Bn Northumberland Fusiliers) was born in June 1891, and killed near Ypres on May 7, aged 23. He had been wounded on April 15, but returned to duty. At Sherborne he was in the Eleven in 1910, scoring 195 runs with an average of 14.92. He was also in the XV.\n\n**PTE HUGH LATIMER **TUKE** (Auckland Regt, NZEF) died of wounds on HM Hospital Ship _Sicilia_ off Gallipoli on June 7, aged 30. He was born on April 6, 1885, at Taradale, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand; his father was an archdeacon. His single fc match was for Hawke's Bay against Auckland at Auckland in March 1905. He was offered a commission but declined as he wished to remain in the Hauraki Company. He was mortally wounded when he was among a group of volunteers who made an armed reconnaissance near the Turkish trenches at Quinn's Post in order to check out the extent of the mines.\n\nPTE THOMAS LANCELOT GAWAIN **TURNBULL** (Honourable Artillery Company) was killed near Ypres on April 15, aged 22. A left-handed, free-hitting batsman, he was in the Harrow Eleven in 1909 and two following years, being captain in 1911. In his first season he was given his colours on the strength of an innings of 131 v Old Harrovians, on his first appearance for the school immediately before the Lord's match, and his selection was thoroughly justified, as in the Eton game he hit hard for 40 on a rain-ruined wicket...\n\nAn officer wrote to his family after his death: \"I have never met a better sportsman in the very best sense of the word. As you may imagine, conditions out here have, on occasion, been very trying indeed, but he was invariably cheerful and did his job in the most soldierly way \u2013 in short, he was a white man.\"\n\n*LT FREDERICK HARDING **TURNER** (10 (Scottish) Bn King's Liverpool Regt), born on May 29, 1888, was killed in the trenches on January 10. He was educated at Sedbergh, where he was in the Eleven in 1904 and three following years, being captain in 1906 and 1907. He was tried for Oxford University in 1909, and that season was tenth in the first-class bowling averages, taking 17 wickets at a cost of 16 runs each. He did not obtain his Blue. Later he played for the Liverpool CC. In 1913 he obtained his Scotch rugby international cap.\n\nHe played in 15 rugby internationals between 1911 and 1914. He was killed by a sniper while improving wire defences in a trench near Ypres.\n\nCAPT GERALD **TURNER** (5th Gurkha Rifles) fell in action in the Dardanelles on June 4, aged 29. In 1901 and the next three years he was in the Fettes XI, being second in the averages in 1903 with 32.37, and first in 1904 with 52.84 when he scored 174 not out v Lasswade and 121 v Blair Lodge. In 1905 he was second in the Sandhurst averages with 46.80. He was also a good rugby footballer, and... was in the Fettes XV.\n\n**2ND LT RONALD **TURNER** (1\/5 Bn, Essex Regt) was killed in action at Suvla Bay, Gallipoli, during a night-time patrol on August 15, aged 30. He was born at Gillingham, Kent, on June 19, 1885. He was educated at Hurstpierpoint College where he was in the Eleven from 1900 to 1904, and Queen's College, Cambridge, where he won a soccer Blue. A middle-order batsman, he played in three matches for Gloucestershire in 1906. He was a teacher at Rottingdean between 1907 and 1911, before spending two years fruit farming in British Columbia. His name is among the 108 former pupils of Hurstpierpoint listed on the memorial in the college chapel; he is also remembered on the Rottingdean war memorial.\n\nCPL WILLIAM HUGH **TWYNAM** (7th Overseas Bn Canadian Infantry), born in Hampshire on January 11, 1883, was killed in action on April 24. He was well-known in Canadian cricket circles, and in 1913 was captain of the Burrard CC. He had served in the Boer War.\n\nThe family home was at Soberton, Hampshire, where William and three brothers are commemorated on the village war memorial; their names are also on a brass plaque in St Peter's Church, along with that of a brother-in-law.\n\nCAPT BEVERLY **USSHER** (Prince of Wales' Leinster Regt, Royal Canadians) was killed in action in the Dardanelles on June 19, aged 35. He had played many good innings for the Staff College, and had appeared occasionally for Buckinghamshire. In the Oxford Freshmen's match of 1899 he scored 46 and six.\n\nHe headed the batting averages at St Edward's School, Oxford, in 1897 and represented Wadham College, Oxford, at cricket and football. He served in the South African War in 1902, winning the Queen's Medal with four clasps; he was acting Brigade-Major when he was killed. His younger brother, Stephen, was killed on December 16, 1914; their father was vicar of Westbury, Brackley.\n\nLT GILBERT ROWLAND **VENABLES** (King's Shrops Light Infantry), killed March 7, aged 34. University College (Ox) XI; Shropshire Gentlemen. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT LANCELOT ANDREWS **VIDAL** (3 Bn, attd 2, Oxon and Bucks Light Infantry) was killed on September 25, aged 28. He was a member of the Malvern Eleven in 1905 and 1906...\n\nWrongly given as Vidall by CWGC.\n\nPTE SIDNEY FRANK **VOLLER** (6th Northants Regt), born at Milford, Surrey, on December 30, 1889, was killed in Belgium on July 29. He was an all-round cricketer, excelling as a fast right-handed bowler, and was well known in West Surrey, especially in the neighbourhood of Milford, Witley and Godalming.\n\nMAJOR GEORGE HENRY **WALFORD** (Suffolk Regt) was killed in action in France on April 19, aged 36. He was in the Rugby Eleven of 1896, scoring 231 runs in ten innings. It was said of him: \"Played some good innings on critical occasions, notably against Marlborough, but was very uncertain.\" In the match alluded to, at Lord's, he made 71, the next-highest score for either side being only 32.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR JOHN **WALKER** (Yorks Regt, attd 6th Manchester Regt), born in December, 1895, was killed in the Dardanelles on August 7. In 1912 and two following years he was in the Wellingborough Grammar School Eleven... He was a good footballer and splendid boxer, and probably the youngest captain in the British Army, having been promoted to that rank before he was 19.\n\nCAPT HENRY JOHN INNES **WALKER** (1st Royal Warwicks Regt), who fell in action on April 25, played cricket for his Battalion. He was a splendid all-round athlete, and had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD **WALKER-COREN** [see COREN]\n\n*SGT ALAN **WALLACE** (New Zealand Engineers), killed May 10, aged 24. Oxford Freshmen, 1913; made 37, highest score in the match. Came from Auckland. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe played three matches for Auckland 1910\u201312.\n\nLT WILLIAM MIDDLETON **WALLACE** (2 Sqn RFC) was killed on August 22 by the falling of his aeroplane close to the German lines, aged 22. He was in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven in 1909 and three following years, his best season being 1911, when he made 409 runs with an average of 24.06. In 1910 he played an innings of 101 v Loretto. At Cambridge he obtained his Blue for rugby football.\n\nHe was also capped by Scotland. He served at the front from the start of the war as an officer in the Rifle Brigade before becoming an Observer in the Royal Flying Corps.\n\nSGT ROLAND GRANT **WARD** (Australian Infantry), killed on August 27, aged 23, was a promising first-grade batsman in Sydney cricket. He played for Balmain. { _W1917_ }\n\nCAPT TRUMBULL **WARREN** (Canadian Infantry), born in London on July 18, 1886, was killed on April 20. He was in the Upper Canada College Eleven in 1903. { _W1917_ }\n\nLT HUBERT HOWELLS **WASHINGTON** (Canadian Infantry), born in Canada, July 12, 1893; killed July 23. Highfield School XI, 1907 to 1912 inclusive \u2013 six years: Captain in 1911 and 1912. Hamilton CC, 1911 to 1914. Good all-round. { _W1918_ }\n\nHis obituary in the _Highfield Review_ said: 'Hubert Washington had a long and happy life at School, where he was the idol of his comrades. He excelled in all games, yet bore himself with a lovable modesty. He was of an open-handed generosity and of a sunny, joyous nature. His clear notions of honour, coupled with a personality that charmed, had an inestimable influence on the School which he loved with every fibre of his loyal heart. The trumpet call to arms was music to his brave young soul, and he marched away to war with his heart aglow with martial spirit. That spirit, though sorely tried by constant and terrible hardships, remained undaunted to the end. He did a man's work, and he did it nobly. His splendid deeds were the theme of many a soldier's letter, while stories of his heroism were told throughout the Canadian lines. Recognition of his gallant services was promised repeatedly, but all his superior officers were killed or wounded, and after Langemarck he and Lieut Wright were the only officers left of the Fourth Battalion. No incident of the war is more thrilling to us than that of these two boys mustering the glorious remnant of their command on the morning after the battle. He who had passed unscathed through countless dangers and had mourned the loss of nearly all his comrades, fell at last to a chance bullet which released his gallant spirit on July 23. He was buried with military honours in a pretty little wood, and a cross raised by his fellow officers marks the spot where he lies. The sum of $9,500 was raised for Machine Guns in his memory.\n\nCAPT THOMAS **WEATHERBY** (9 Bn Duke of Wellington's Regt) was born in 1895 and died at the Alexandra Military Hospital, Cosham, on May 8, aged 20. He was in the Winchester Eleven of 1913...\n\nHe played for Lindfield CC in Sussex, where he is buried.\n\nLT GUY FITZGERALD **WHARTON** (2 Bn Durham Light Infantry) died of wounds near Ypres on May 9, aged 20. He was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1912...\n\n*CAPT GEORGE LUMLEY **WHATFORD** (66th Punjabis) fell in action in the Persian Gulf, November 22, aged 37. For several years he made heavy scores for Eastbourne, and in 1904 was tried for Sussex after playing an innings of 101 for the Second XI against Kent 2nd at Brighton. He kept up the game whilst in India with his regiment, and at Peshawar especially made many good scores.\n\nHe was born at Eastbourne on July 20, 1878, and educated at Harrow. A brother, Lt-Col Stuart Lumley Whatford, DSO, was killed in an accident in Italy after the war on September 30, 1919, aged 40; they are both named on the Eastbourne war memorial.\n\nLT KENNETH THEODORE DUNBAR **WILCOX** (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), killed on November 8, aged 20, played a few times in the Westminster Eleven in 1912. { _W1917_ }\n\n**CAPT ANTHONY (TONY) FREDERICK **WILDING** (Armoured Car Division, Royal Marines) was killed in action on May 9 at Neuve-Chappelle, aged 31. He was born on October 31, 1883, at Opawa, Christchurch, New Zealand, where his parents had emigrated from Herefordshire in 1879; his father, Frederick, played 34 matches for Canterbury between 1881-82 and 1899-1900. He was educated in New Zealand and in 1902 went to Trinity College, Cambridge, to study law; he was called to the Bar at Inner Temple in 1906. Before going to Cambridge, he played two matches for Canterbury, both at Christchurch, against Auckland in January 1901, when he took three for 22 in the second innings, and against Hawke's Bay in January 1902, when Robert Barry (see below) was in the same side. Before the war, Wilding was reckoned to be the best tennis player in the world: he won four singles and three doubles championships at Wimbledon between 1907 and 1913; between 1907 and 1909 he helped the Australasian team win three consecutive Davis Cups, winning again in 1914; in 1913 he achieved triple championships at Wimbledon on grass, Paris on clay and Stockholm indoors. At the outbreak of war he joined the Royal Marines on the advice of Winston Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, and went to France. In March 1915 he was posted to a new squadron of armoured Rolls-Royce cars under the command of the Duke of Westminster. He was killed during the battle of Aubers Ridge when a shell exploded on the roof of a dugout where he was sheltering.\n\n*PTE JOHN NATHANIEL **WILLIAMS** (New Zealand Contingent, Auckland Regt) was killed in action at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915, aged 35. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Eton or Oxford, but was a useful hard-hitting batsman. During 1902-03, having settled in New Zealand, he played a few times for Lord Hawke's team, his best score being 48 v XVIII of Manawatu. He kept up his cricket in the Dominion, appearing for South Auckland. He was brother of Mr P. F. C. Williams of the Eton Elevens of 1902 and 1903. Since 1905 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nHe played in three matches for Gloucestershire in 1908.\n\nLT PHILIP CLARENCE **WILLIAMS** (10th Hampshire Regt) was born at Brighton in May 1894, and fell in action in the Dardanelles on August 10, aged 21. In 1912 and 1913 he was in the Brighton College Eleven... He did not obtain his Blue at Oxford.\n\n2ND LT JOHN MAURICE **WILLIAMSON** (2 Bn Gordon Highlanders) was killed in France on May 16, aged 25. In 1907 and 1908 he was in the Leys School Eleven...\n\n**MAJOR FRANCIS STUART **WILSON** (1st Bde HQ, Royal Marines) was killed in action on May 24 at Helles, Gallipoli, aged 32. He was born on January 18, 1883, at Campden Hill, London. He played five matches for Jamaica in 1905, all at Sabina Park, Kingston, and hit fifties in his first two games against Lord Brackley's XI. He qualified as a pilot in May 1913. On October 2, 1914, he was gazetted to be temporary Lt-Col while in command of a battalion of the Royal Naval Division. MiD.\n\nLT-COL ERNEST CHARLES FORBES **WODEHOUSE,** DSO (1st Worcs Regt) was born in 1871, and fell in action near Neuve-Chapelle on March 12. He played for the Gentlemen of Worcestershire. For his services in the South African War he received the Queen's Medal with three clasps, the King's with two, and the DSO.\n\nHe led an advance at Neuve Chapelle, storming buildings and preparing to hold them against counter-attacks. But no support arrived and it became clear that that the battalion's position, far in advance of the remainder of the brigade, encircled by the enemy on three sides and shelled by both enemy and friendly artilleries, was no longer tenable. Officers and men fell fast during the retreat, which was over open ground flanked on both sides by the enemy. The regimental history records that the loss of Col Wodehouse \"was felt most keenly by all the survivors, for his courage, kindliness and resource had been the mainstay of the battalion throughout the long ordeal of the winter\".\n\n*LT GEOFFREY DAYRELL **WOOD** (7th Suffolk Regt) was killed in France on October 13, aged 24. He was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1908 and two following years, being captain in 1909 and 1910... He was also captain of the Rugby XV and the hockey team. At Oxford he played in the Freshmen's match in 1911 and in the Seniors' in 1912, in the first innings of the latter game taking six wickets for 23 runs. He had been a member of the MCC since 1911.\n\nHe played a single match for Oxford University against MCC in The Parks in 1912. Two of his five brothers were killed in Flanders a year later in October 1916: Richard Poingdestre, aged 26, and Robert Basil, aged 23.\n\n*LT-COL MAXMILLIAN DAVID FRANCIS **WOOD** , DSO (West Yorks Regt), officially reported wounded and missing in Gallipoli on August 22, aged 42, now believed killed on that date, was in the Sandhurst XI in 1892, and played later in much Regimental cricket and occasionally for Hampshire. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe played a single match for Hampshire against Yorkshire at Bradford in 1907; earlier, he played seven matches for the Europeans in India, and his final fc matches were two games for H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI in 1909.\n\n*2ND LT KENNETH HERBERT CLAYTON **WOODROFFE** (6 Bn Rifle Brigade, attd 2nd Welsh Regt) was born at Lewes on December 9, 1892, and was killed in action near Neuve-Chapelle on May 9. In 1909 and three following seasons he was in the Marlborough Eleven, being captain in 1912, and he played for Cambridge in 1913 and 1914, obtaining his Blue as a Freshman. Mr F. B. Wilson, writing of him in _Wisden_ for 1912, said: \"He is really fast, and can make the ball turn from the off on nearly any wicket. His action is a high and easy one, and, being tall, he often makes the ball get up very quickly. Moreover, what is most important, missed catches do not appear to worry him unduly, and he keeps on trying all the time.\" He headed the Marlborough bowling in 1910 and 1911... In 1912 he appeared for Hampshire against the South Africans, and two years later assisted Sussex in a couple of games and in the match with Surrey at The Oval almost pulled off the match by taking six wickets for 43 runs. He had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nSee his brother Sidney, below. Another brother, Leslie (qv), died on June 4, 1916.\n\n_Kenneth Woodroffe: one of three brothers who fell_\n\n2ND LT SIDNEY CLAYTON **WOODROFFE** , VC (8th Rifle Brigade) was killed at Hooge on July 30, while showing such bravery that he was awarded the VC. He was a brother of K. H. C. Woodroffe, and played cricket at Marlborough, but was not in the Eleven. He was 19.\n\nSee his brother Kenneth, above. The VC citation for his action on July 30, 1915, at Hooge, Belgium, reads: \"The enemy having broken through the centre of our front trenches, consequent on the use of burning liquids, this officer's position was heavily attacked with bombs from the flank and subsequently from the rear, but he managed to defend his post until all his bombs were exhausted, and then skilfully withdrew his remaining men. This very gallant officer immediately led his party forward in a counter-attack under an intense rifle and machine-gun fire, and was killed while in the act of cutting the wire obstacles in the open.\" ( _LG_ , September 6, 1915.) Woodroffe's commanding officer wrote to his father describing his son as \"simply one of the bravest of the brave... He risked his life for others right through the day and finally gave it for the sake of his men.\" The parents received their son's VC at an investiture by King George V at Buckingham Palace on November 29, 1916, by which time Sidney's brother Leslie (qv), who had been severely wounded in the same battle, had returned to the front in June 1916 and been mortally wounded on his first day back in action. Sidney's VC was sold privately to Lord Ashcroft in 2001, and is on display in the Ashcroft Gallery of the Imperial War Museum in London.\n\nSGT ROBERT JAMES **WOOLLACOTT** , DSO (Coldstream Guards), killed on September 28, played for the Balmain CC, of Sydney. { _W1917_ }\n\nMAJOR GORDON BROOKS **WRIGHT** , DSO (Canadian Engineers), born at Hull (Quebec) on September 28, 1881, was killed on May 21. He played for the Quebec CC. { _W1920_ }\n\n*CAPT HAROLD **WRIGHT** (6th Loyal North Lancs Regt) died in London on September 14 of wounds received in the Dardanelles on July 28, aged 31. He was in the Mill Hill School Eleven in 1899 and two following years, being captain in 1901... He was an excellent club cricketer, and captain of the Leicester Ivanhoe CC. In 1914 he appeared in six matches for Leicestershire, scoring 111 runs with an average of 13.87. His highest innings was 29 v Hampshire at Leicester, and in the match between the same sides earlier in the year, at Southampton \u2013 his second game for the county \u2013 he had carried his bat through the innings [of 63] for 26. Since 1913 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nIn addition to the six matches for Leicestershire in 1914, all in May, he had also played four in May 1912, hitting 44 on debut. He is buried at St Bartholomew's Church, Quorn.\n\nMAJOR ARTHUR WEBSTER **YOUNG** (10th Sherwood Foresters) was killed in Flanders on September 13, aged 46. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Harrow, but played subsequently for the Derbyshire Friars. He was well known in the hunting field.\n\n2ND LT MARTIN COURTLAND De BUDE **YOUNG** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), who died of wounds on September 26, aged 21, was in the Eleven at Trinity College School, Port Hope (Canada), in 1910. { _W1917_ }\n\nIn the attack on Hill 70 at the battle of Loos, he led his men over the top. When they were checked by heavy shell fire and gas fumes, Young called to Piper Lachlan, \"Give the boys a skirl,\" and the advance began. Shortly afterwards he was wounded. When the stretcher-bearers came to take him, he told them to take one of the privates instead, and started to walk to the dressing station. But the effort proved too much and he died from loss of blood.\n**DEATHS IN 1916**\n\nReported in _Wisden 1917_ unless stated, eg { _W1918_ }\n\nFrom this year, \"Deaths in the War\" under The Roll of Honour are separate from \"Other Deaths\".\n\n2ND LT LIONEL PILKINGTON **ABBOTT** (Leics Regt), who fell in action on July 14, aged 28, was not in the Eleven whilst at King's School, Canterbury, but played subsequently for Exeter College, Oxford.\n\nHe was a schoolmaster. He is commemorated on a monument in St Martin's Cathedral, Leicester.\n\n*LT CECIL HALLIDAY **ABERCROMBIE** , RN, born in India on April 12, 1886, lost his life in the naval action off Jutland on May 31, whilst serving in HMS _Defence_. He was a batsman with a delightfully free style who came to the fore in 1913 by making a series of good scores for Hampshire. On his first appearance for the county \u2013 against Oxford University at Southampton \u2013 he made 126 and 39, and subsequently obtained 144 v Worcestershire at Dudley (where he and H. A. H. Smith (33*) added 118 for the tenth wicket) and 165 v Essex at Leyton. His last-mentioned score was made in the second innings, when Hampshire followed on 317 behind, and in partnership with Brown (140*) he put on 325 for the seventh wicket. In first-class matches that year he scored 936 runs with an average of 35.92. In 1914, being away on service, he was unable to assist the county, and therefore his fame rests on what he accomplished in a single season. It should, however, be added that in 1912, whilst playing at Lord's for Royal Navy v Army, he scored 37 and 100. He had been a member of the MCC since 1911, and had played rugby football for Scotland.\n\n2ND LT JAMES ROBERT **ADAM** (Middlesex Regt), who fell in action on August 18, aged 27, was a member of the Eleven whilst at the County High School, Isleworth.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY HENRY CADWALLADER **ADAMS** (Suffolk Regt), born in 1896, fell in action on November 1. He was in the Radley Eleven in 1913 and two following seasons, being captain of the side in 1914 and 1915...\n\nCAPT ARTHUR **ADDENBROOKE** (Royal Warwicks Regt), who died of wounds on October 5, aged 33, was in the Warwick School Eleven, and scored 34 in the Oxford Freshmen's match in 1902. He was captain of the Corpus Christi Eleven and played for the Authentics.\n\nMiD for his action on September 3 at Falfemont Farm during the Somme offensive when he sustained wounds from which he died. He is buried in the churchyard at St John the Baptist, Kidderminster.\n\nCAPT GEORGE NEWDEGATE **ALISON** (Seaforth Highlanders), who was killed on July 1, aged 26, had made good scores for the Incogniti and his Battalion. He had previously been wounded twice.\n\nL\/CPL CHARLES BRAMWELL **ALLEN** (Canterbury Co, New Zealand, IBD), who was killed in the Battle of the Somme on September 15, aged 30, was in the Eleven at the Royal Lancaster Grammar School for several years, and (before settling in New Zealand) played for the Lancaster CC.\n\nMR GEORGE R. **ALPEN** , one of the best-known cricketers of Belgium, has been killed in the War, but no particulars are obtainable. He was an Australian by birth.\n\nActually George Alpen died in 1943 \u2013 27 years later than his obituary in _Wisden_ indicated. Unfortunately, information about Belgian cricket is sketchy, since all its records were believed to have been destroyed during the Second World War when the country fell into German hands, according to _The Story of Continental Cricket_ by Labouchere, Provis and Hargreaves.\n\nHowever, Ted Vorzanger, former chairman and now an honorary life member of Royal Brussels CC, who was co-author with Eric Robinson of _178 Not Out: A History of Cricket in Belgium and in Brussels in Particular, 1815 to 1993_ , explained: \"In this history, George Alpen is mentioned as secretary of La Federation Belge de Cricket in the early thirties; no exact date is given. He is also mentioned as being in the Belgian team which played France in Brussels on July 22, 1934, but we do not know if the match was played, or if it was, what happened to the scorecard.\n\n\"In the same book it also says: 'George Alpen was probably about 50 in the early thirties, and was a very fine bat, difficult to dislodge. He had played top-grade cricket in Australia before coming to Brussels.'\"\n\nGeorge Rudolph Lamble Alpen was born at Albury, New South Wales, in 1878, so he was 55 or 56 if he played in a match against France in Brussels in 1934. The book was therefore quite near the mark when it suggested Alpen \"was probably about 50 in the early thirties\".\n\nGeorge's parents, Hugo Alpen (1842\u20131917) and Sarah Mary Josephine Brown (1848\u20131902), were married in Albury, where Hugo was a church organist, on August 12, 1868. George was the fifth of their 12 children; they had three sons and nine daughters. All were given three first names, and one sister was Elfreda Blanche Lenoe Alpen (1894\u20131956). It was Freda whose comments were to be quoted in newspaper reports in 1940 that led to more information about her brother.\n\nGeorge married a Belgian nurse who was a Red Cross sister during the First World War. They had a son, Cecil Paul Emile George Alpen, who was born in Belgium on August 14, 1920. He was the subject of newspaper articles in May 1940 when he fled from Belgium as the Germans invaded, and turned up at Australia House in London, asking to be allowed to join the Australian Imperial Force. Thanks to that report and the comments of Freda in a follow-up story, it is evident that George had been taken prisoner in Brussels in WW1, and had continued to reside in Brussels after his eventual retirement from business as representative of a British firm.\n\nThe first newspaper report tells a dramatic story:\n\nThe _Courier-Mail_ , Brisbane, Wednesday, May 22, 1940\n\nAustralian From Brussels Wants to Join A. I. F.\n\nCourier-Mail Special Service, London, May 21\n\n\"Fresh from his exciting escape from Brussels, a Belgian-born Australian walked into Australia House today, hoping to join the A. I. F. immediately, because otherwise he would have to wait four months until his 20th birthday before he could join the British Army. He is Cecil Alpen, son of Mr George Alpen, who had been living in Brussels since his retirement from business as representative of a British firm. His brother and five sisters are living at Albury, Australia.\n\nMr George Alpen and his Belgian wife are missing since their dash from Brussels. They are believed to have headed for France. Cecil Alpen, who was a language student at the Louvain University, told the _Courier-Mail_ representative that he was a member of the Red Cross at Brussels railway station attending to trainloads of wounded men from the fronts. 'We were told last Wednesday that the Germans were 12 miles from Brussels. All men between 16 and 35 were told to leave immediately, and the British Embassy ordered the remaining British subjects to escape to Ostend. I was lucky to catch the last train from Brussels. The previous train was machine-gunned and bombed and set on fire. Our train was saved by the engine-driver, who manoeuvred by racing at full speed, then pulling up near anti-aircraft gun emplacements. When planes attacked us once we were held up for three hours while gunners drove off the raiders. It took 12 hellish hours for the journey, which normally occupies an hour and a half.\n\n'Ostend was a hot spot. We arrived in the midst of heavy bombing, and crawled into a cellar across platforms feet deep in glass. Then we raced to the bomb-torn port, and embarked in a ship, which brought us safely to England under an escort of destroyers and planes.'\n\nAlpen said that he lost contact with his parents during the pandemonium of the evacuation from Brussels.\"\n\nThe _Courier-Mail_ ran a follow-up story the next day under the headline \"Belgian-born Australian Has Aunt Here\": \"The report in the _Courier-Mail_ yesterday that Cecil Alpen, 20, a Belgian-born Australian, had sought to join the A. I. F. in London, came as a surprise to his aunt, Miss Freda Alpen, of Musgrave Road, Red Hill [an inner suburb of Brisbane]. She is a prominent member of the Women's Auxiliary Transport Service. The news gave her hope of finding her brother (Cecil's father), and his mother, said Miss Alpen yesterday. She had not heard from any of them for three or four months. Cecil had never seen Australia, and knew of the country only from his father, Mr George Alpen, who was taken prisoner at Brussels in the last war. The Alpens had decided to come to Australia to settle last Christmas, but the war caused them to change their plans. Miss Alpen said that Cecil's mother was a Belgian Red Cross sister in the last war, and had been decorated. Cecil had been studying medicine at the Brussels University.\"\n\nIt appears that George and his wife managed to return to Australia, because it was at North Sydney, New South Wales, that George died in 1943. Their son Cecil died at Canberra in 1977.\n\nOtherwise, little enough is yet known about George Alpen, because as his premature obituary in _Wisden 1917_ admitted, \"no particulars are obtainable\".\n\nMAJOR PERCY **ANTHONY** (Welsh Regt), who fell in action on July 10, aged 36, was in the Dulwich Eleven in 1895 and three following years. Later he played for Herefordshire frequently, and in 1900 headed the batting averages with 47.14. He had also appeared for Worcestershire 2nd XI and the Wanderers, of Johannesburg. He served in the South African War.\n\n2ND LT HARRY ELSTON **APPLEYARD** (West Yorks Regt), who fell in action on July 14, was in the Sedbergh Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\nHe was killed after the attack on the Bazentin Ridge, part of the Somme offensive, while acting as a bombing officer.\n\nREAR-ADMIRAL SIR ROBERT KEITH **ARBUTHNOT** , 4th Bart, CB, MVO, KCB (HMS _Defence_ ), was born on March 23, 1864, and died in the battle of Jutland on May 31. He had been a member of the MCC since 1898, and had played for the Club, United Services and the Navy.\n\n2ND LT ELI TOWNEND **ARCHER** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), killed July 23, aged 23. Dewsbury and Savile CC. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT WILLIAM HAROLD **ARMITAGE** (Yorks Regt), who fell in action on May 22, aged 24, was educated at Wakefield Grammar School, where he was in the Eleven. He was awarded the Military Cross.\n\nIn January 1916, in preparation for a raid on the German trenches, Armitage led out a party to cut the enemy's wire entanglements. Although exposed by German searchlights and Very lights, which brought heavy fire, they successfully cut the wire. Capt George Kenneth Thompson then led the attack, which was carried out with great dash and determination, and 20 of the enemy were killed. For their conspicuous gallantry, Thompson and Armitage were both awarded the MC, while other men gained the DCM. The action is the subject of an art print by Allan Stewart.\n\nMAJOR JOHN NICHOLAS FRASER **ARMSTRONG** (Royal Engineers), killed by shell explosion in the trenches on July 5, aged 38, played cricket for Sydney Grammar School and Sydney University.\n\n*2ND LT ALBAN CHARLES PHIDIAS **ARNOLD** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on July 7, aged 23, was a most promising cricketer, both as batsman and wicketkeeper. After being in the Eleven at Twyford School, near Winchester, he proceeded to Malvern and played for the College in 1909 and 1910; in the former season he was last in the averages with 11.25, but in the latter was first with 44.33. At Cambridge he took part in the Freshmen's match in 1912 and in the Seniors' in the following year, but did not receive his Blue until 1914. Against Oxford he scored only 22 and nought, which was somewhat disappointing as he had just previously made 89 on the same ground against MCC. For Hampshire he played several good innings that season, among them being 54 v Kent and 69 v Lancashire, both at Bournemouth, and 76 v Somerset and 51 v Warwickshire, both at Southampton. He would probably have developed into a cricketer of very high class.\n\nA brother, Edward Gladwin, was killed in March 1918, aged 26. Their father was the Rev Charles Arnold of Holy Trinity Vicarage, Fareham, Hants; he conducted the service on July 2, 1921, when Field Marshal Douglas Haig unveiled the war memorial at Fareham on which the two brothers are remembered among the 254 names of residents and the members of the Royal Garrison Artillery who were stationed there.\n\nLT-COL WILLIAM CLAUDIUS CASSON **ASH** (Middlesex Regt), who was born in 1870, died on September 29, aged 46, of wounds received on September 15. In addition to taking part in military cricket, he also played for Old Westminsters, Free Foresters, the Butterflies and Berkshire; had been a member of the MCC since 1896, and had served on the committee of the Middlesex County CC. He was wounded in September, 1915, had been mentioned in Despatches and received the DSO. He served in the South African War.\n\nHis widow, Edith, placed an In Memoriam notice in _The Times_ every year until 1954, each time with a different epigraph.\n\n*2ND LT SYDNEY THOMAS **ASKHAM** (Suffolk Regt), born at Wellingborough on September 9, 1896, fell in action near Thiepval on August 21. For four years he was in the Wellingborough Grammar School Eleven, for which his all-round record was excellent. In his last season he headed the bowling, and was second to A. D. Denton in batting, making three hundreds \u2013 112, 108 and 149. In 1914 he was tried for Northamptonshire, scoring 83 runs with an average of 13.83 and taking two wickets for 43 runs each. His back play was very sound and he was an excellent field.\n\nHe was a 17-year-old schoolboy when he played five first-class matches in August 1914. E. B. Noel wrote in his review of public school cricket in _Wisden 1916_ : \"Askham is probably an exceptional boy cricketer \u2013 he met with astonishing success as a bowler and is a fine batsman too.\" His elder brother, William (qv), fell in April 1918.\n\nLT LEWIS JOHN ROWLEY **ATTERBURY** (London Regt), born at Hampstead on March 15, 1885, fell in action on October 7. He was associated with the Winnipeg CC, and in 1914 was Treasurer of the Winnipeg Cricket Association. In 1910 he was a member of the North-Western team which visited Chicago.\n\n*LT HAROLD GODFREY **BACHE** (Lancs Fusiliers), born at Churchill, in Worcestershire, on August 20, 1889, was killed at Ypres on February 15. He was in the Eleven at King Edward VI's Grammar School, Birmingham, but did not obtain his Blue at Cambridge as he did little when tried for the University. In the Freshmen's match of 1909 he made 137 and then retired, he and F. G. Turner (98) adding 263 for the fifth wicket, and in the following year he scored 117 in the Seniors' match. Subsequently he appeared for Worcestershire. He was a left-hand bat and a fair change bowler. At Association football he played for Cambridge University, West Bromwich Albion and the Corinthians, and also obtained his international [England amateur] cap. He also represented his University at lawn tennis.\n\nPTE SYDNEY CHARLES JOHN **BAGGE** (Canadian Infantry), born in London July 23, 1879; killed September 16. Westmount CC, of Montreal. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT LOVEL HARDWICK **BARLOW** (Liverpool Regt), killed on August 16, aged 24, was a member of the Merion CC of Philadelphia.\n\nHe was born at Pinner, Middlesex. His mother was a noted golfer in the USA.\n\nCAPT FITZWILLIAM **BARTELT** (Somerset Light Infantry) died in hospital in Calcutta on September 11, aged 28. He was in the Bath College XI in 1903 and 1904.\n\nFriedrich (Fritz) Wilhelm Bartelt, sometimes spelt Bartlett, was from a Prussian family and it appears that because of this he was posted away from the main war zone. He died from food poisoning and his body was repatriated. He is buried at All Saints, Corston, Somerset, where his father presented a peal of eight bells in 1917 in his memory on condition that they be rung every year on September 23, his birthday.\n\nCAPT GUY WOLLASTON **BARTHOLOMEW** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed on August 25, aged 35, was not in the Eleven whilst at Marlborough, but played subsequently for Trinity College, Oxford.\n\nCAPT ROBERT NIGEL OLDFIELD **BARTLETT** (East Lancs Regt), born at Willersey, near Broadway, Worcestershire, died of wounds [in Mesopotamia] on April 6, aged 22. In 1911 and two following seasons he was in the King's School, Bruton, Eleven, being captain in 1912 and 1913. In 1912, when he obtained three hundreds (including 207 not out v Wells Theological College), he scored 802 runs with an average of 100.25, and in his last year made 346 runs with an average of 57.66. It is certainly curious that, although he should have done so well in 1912, he should not have headed the averages, C. C. C. Case beating him with 127.00.\n\n*SGT SAMUEL HAROLD **BATES** (Royal Warwicks Regt), born at the Warwickshire County Cricket Ground, where his father was groundsman, was killed in action on August 28, aged 26. He was a useful all-round player, being a left-handed bowler and right-handed bat, and had played occasionally for his county. He was a member of the groundstaff at Lord's.\n\n2ND LT LEONARD HENRY **BATSON** (East Kent Regt), who fell in action on July 3, aged 24, was in the Keble College, Oxford, second eleven.\n\n2ND LT CARYL LIONEL MORSE **BATTERSBY** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), killed November 18, aged 21. King Edward's School, Sheffield. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT CHARLES FREDERICK **BATTY** (Durham Light Infantry), killed in France on January 19, aged 19, was in the Mill Hill School Eleven in 1913 and 1914. He was a poor batsman, but in the latter year took 26 wickets for 11.92 runs each.\n\nLT CYRIL WYNYARD **BATTYE** (Royal Berks Regt and RFC) was killed whilst flying on March 13, aged 21. He had been severely wounded at Ypres in October 1914, and again, in the trenches, in August 1915. In 1912 he scored 63 runs for Repton with an average of 15.75, in 1914 was a member of the Sandhurst Eleven, making seven and 11 not out v Woolwich, and played occasionally for Berkshire.\n\nHe died when the Vickers fighter biplane he was piloting suffered engine failure at Netheravon flying school in Wiltshire. He is buried at Windsor Cemetery, Berkshire.\n\nPTE PHILIP KEITH **BEALL** (Canadian Infantry), born at Leicester, February 26, 1890, killed November 23. Public Schools CC, of Vancouver. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT ROGER STEWART MONTRESOR **BEATSON** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), born at Rangoon, on July 20, 1890, was killed at Fricourt on July 2. He was in the Rugby Eleven in 1907, when he took 23 wickets for 13.30 runs each, heading the averages. Subsequently he played for the Burrard CC and the Public School team of Vancouver, where he was regarded as one of the best batsmen in British Columbia. He was wounded at Hooge in August 1915.\n\nHe was killed leading his men on the second day of the Battle of the Somme, when all the officers of the battalion who went into action were either killed or wounded.\n\nCSM FRED PRESTON **BECKETT** (King's Liverpool Regt), who died of wounds on October 19, aged 34, was captain of the Southport and Birkdale CC.\n\nNot Becket as in _Wisden_.\n\n2ND LT VICTOR LEOPOLD STEVENS **BEDWELL** (Suffolk Regt), who was killed on August 16, aged 22, was educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, where he was in the Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\nHe was Craven Scholar at Oxford University in 1915. The Bedwell Prize was founded at Exeter College in memory of his brilliant learning and personality.\n\nCAPT DANIEL HUNTER **BELL** , MC (Canadian Infantry), born at Edinburgh September 6, 1884, killed October 8. Burrard CC, of Vancouver. Military Cross. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT HENRY LAURENCE **BENSON** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed on April 11, aged 26, was well known as a cricketer in the Newcastle district. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Charterhouse. In November 1915 he had been wounded.\n\n2ND LT FRANK **BENTON** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed on September 15, aged 35, played for the Old Whitgiftians and London County. He had appeared for Essex and Eastern Counties at rugby football.\n\n*CAPT WILLIAM MANSTEAD **BENTON** (Manchester Regt), who died of wounds on August 17, played for Middlesex twice in 1913, but was best known owing to his association with the Mote Park CC. He served throughout the South African War, and in 1915 was wounded and invalided home. Before the present War he was curate-in-charge of Bearsted, in Kent. He was in the Eleven whilst at Framlingham College.\n\n_Wisden_ gives his second name as Richard, but Manstead is now accepted as correct. Benton had an extraordinary life and merits a chapter in _Sportsmen Parsons in Peace and War_ by Mrs Stuart Menzies (1919); there is also a chapter on the Rev Rupert Inglis (qv), who was rector at Frittenden, a dozen miles from Bearsted, and died a month after him.\n\nBenton was born in July 1873 and, after leaving Framlingham College, initially became a stockbroker. He then enlisted in the Royal Marines, but deserted and went to Australia. He served throughout the South African War in the Australian Artillery (Cape Mounted Rifles). Afterwards he took up work in the leper colony on Robben Island off Cape Town. Eventually he decided to give himself up and faced a court martial for desertion, where he was granted the King's pardon.\n\nAfter finding a theological college prepared to accept him, he became curate at St Peter's, Walsall, where he lived in the slums and was known as the \"Fighting Parson\" because of his active interest in boxing, both in the ring and outside it on the streets. After a spell back at Robben Island as chaplain, he arrived in Bearsted where he sought out the sinners in pubs and again organised boxing classes. Somehow, he managed to play a couple of games for Middlesex in May 1913.\n\nThe declaration of war offered the opportunities that his adventurous spirit sought, and he immediately joined the forces as a chaplain in France, but that did not satisfy him, and in April 1915, denied permission to go in the front trenches, he was allowed by the ecclesiastical authorities to apply for a commission as a combatant. He explained in a letter: \"I have seen the Archbishop of Canterbury, and though he does not approve, he does not condemn my action.\"\n\nHe joined the Manchester Regt as a lieutenant and was made brigade sniping officer; six weeks later he was promoted to captain. He was wounded and invalided home, and had a spell as an instructor and lecturer at Ripon. He returned to France in February 1916, when he wrote to his sister: \"At the present rate of officers falling there is mighty little chance of coming through.\" He was again put in charge of the brigade snipers, and reworked the trenches which he described as a \"mere death-trap\". It was his practice to kneel down in the trenches, muddy or dry, and say his prayers out loud in the hope that others would join in, or at least find comfort and hope. At the Somme in August 1916, he saw a wounded man trying to crawl back from near the German trenches; he went out to help him and both were shot by snipers. Benton was seriously wounded and had a leg amputated, and died of his wounds several days later.\n\nThe officer commanding 12th Manchester Regt was Major Philip Magnay, who informed Benton's widow that he made \"a magnificent fight for life, as we knew he would, but the septic poisoning got the upper hand at last\". Magnay (qv), promoted to Lt-Col, was himself killed in April 1917: he had \"played occasionally for the Harrow XI\", his obituary noted.\n\nA memorial service and requiem was held in a packed church at Bearsted, where the vicar told the congregation that an officer going in to the War Office had said: \"The bravest man I ever came across was a man called Benton.\" He had not known that he was speaking to one of Benton's friends. Other officers had said he earned the VC some five or six times and the DSO some 20 times. All knew, said the Rev T. G. Lushington, that a great man cast in an heroic mould had fallen \u2013 a fearless self-sacrificing spirit.\n\nCAPT CARADOC TREVOR DAVIES **BERRINGTON** (RFA), killed on March 10, aged 30, was in the Wellington Eleven in 1904...\n\n2ND LT FRANK ROBSON **BEST** (Loyal North Lancs, Preston Territorials) was killed in France on January 2, aged 21. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Malvern, but was well known as a member of the Preston CC of Lancashire. His father, Mr W. F. Best, played a few times for Kent between 1890 and 1892.\n\nLT-COL HUMPHREY FRANCIS WILLIAM **BIRCHAM** , DSO (King's Royal Rifle Corps) was born in March 1875, and killed in action on July 23, aged 41. He was in the Eton Eleven in 1892 and 1893... In 1894 he was elected a member of the MCC, and a year later helped Sandhurst to beat Woolwich by an innings and 195 runs. Subsequently he played much military cricket, especially for the Greenjackets, Royal Marines and United Services. He was wounded in April 1915, and had twice been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT FRANCIS WILLIAM **BIRD** (Canadian Infantry), born at Sheffield, June 21, 1884, killed August 10. Public Schools CC, of Vancouver. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT KEITH FORD **BISHOP** (RGA), killed in France on August 8, aged 19, was educated at the United Services College, Windsor, which he represented at both cricket and football.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM HOWE **BISSLEY** (Royal Berks Regt), of the Maidenhead CC, fell in action on August 18, aged 28.\n\nPTE HAROLD **BODY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Brighton, July 31, 1890, killed December 15. Played for the Wanderers CC, of Winnipeg. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT JOHN WESLEY **BLACKET** (Australian Infantry), who was killed on July 4, aged 30, was educated at Prince Alfred College, Adelaide, where he was in the Eleven. He had previously been wounded.\n\nLT HERBERT SAMUEL PENNY **BLAIR** (Devon and Cornwall Light Infantry), who died of wounds on October 31, aged 26, played for the Preston CC of Lancashire.\n\nCAPT GERALD EDWARD **BLAKE** (Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry), born on May 28, 1892, was killed on July 23 (Somme). In 1910 he was in the Eleven at Ridley College, Ontario.\n\nCAPT GILBERT VERE **BOGLE** (New Zealand Medical Corps) represented Edinburgh University at cricket, rugby football and athletics. He was born in Hawke's Bay, and was killed on September 17, aged 32.\n\n*2ND LT MAJOR WILLIAM **BOOTH** (West Yorks Regt), born at Pudsey on December 10, 1886, fell in action on July 1. His earliest cricket was played at Fulneck School, and later he was associated with Pudsey St Lawrence and the Wath Athletic Club, which played in the Mexborough League, and of which he was captain. He appeared regularly for Yorkshire 2nd XI in 1907 and two following seasons, and in 1908 received his first trial for the county. He did not, however, secure a regular place in the team until two years later, but in 1911 he scored 1,125 runs for his county and took 74 wickets, with a highest innings of 210 against Worcestershire on the Worcester ground. He increased his reputation as a bowler in the following summer, and in 1913 made over 1,000 runs and took 158 wickets for Yorkshire, his aggregate of 181 wickets in first-class matches being the highest of any bowler that season. In 1914 he was not so successful in batting, but he obtained 141 wickets for Yorkshire at a cost of 18 runs apiece. Although a fine punishing batsman, Booth's claim to fame will rest chiefly upon what he accomplished as a bowler. Possessed of a free, natural action, he made the ball come quickly off the pitch. On occasion his off-break was quite formidable, but his strong points were swerve and pace off the ground. In two consecutive matches in August, 1914, he and Drake bowled unchanged throughout, Gloucestershire being dismissed for 94 and 84 at Bristol and Somerset for 44 and 90 at Weston-super-Mare. In the second innings of the latter match Booth had the very rare experience of bowling throughout without obtaining a wicket, Drake taking all 10 for 35 runs. In 1913 Booth was chosen for the Players at Lord's, and during 1913-14 toured South Africa with the MCC's team under J. W. H. T. Douglas's captaincy. His doings abroad were somewhat disappointing, and so strong was the side that he was left out of three of the Test matches. In the 144 games in which he appeared for Yorkshire he scored 4,213 runs with an average of 22.65 and obtained 556 wickets for 18.89 runs each. Tall of stature, good-looking, and of engaging address, Booth was a very popular figure both on and off the cricket field.\n\nMajor was his first name, not military rank. Booth, who played in Yorkshire's last match before the war, went over the top on the first day of the Somme; he was followed by Abe Waddington, who was injured and fell in the same shell hole as Booth, and held him until he died. Waddington survived to make his Yorkshire debut in 1919.\n\n*CAPT WILLIAM GERALD KNOX **BOSWELL** (Rifle Brigade), born on June 24, 1892, died of wounds on July 28. In 1910 and 1911 he was in the Eton Eleven... At Oxford in 1912, after scoring 75 and 20 and obtaining four wickets for 47 runs in the Freshmen's match, he was tried in the Eleven, but he did not secure his Blue until 1913. In his two matches against Cambridge he made 93 runs in four innings and took a couple of wickets. In 1913, when he scored 101 not out against Hampshire at Southampton, he headed the University averages with 36.53, but in 1914 was fourth with 26.00. He had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT REGINALD HERBERT SWINTON **BOULT** (King's Liverpool Regt) died of wounds on August 8, aged 21. He had previously been wounded in April 1915. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Marlborough, but played later for the Liverpool CC.\n\nLT HERBERT HALLOWELL **BOURNE** (Canadian Mounted Rifles), born in Macleod, Alberta, on September 20, 1880, was killed on June 3. In 1897 he was in the Eleven at Ridley College, Ontario.\n\nLT WILLIAM AUBREY **BOWERS** (North Staffs Regt), who died of wounds on July 2, aged 29, was a very keen cricketer whilst at Winchester, but was not in the Eleven.\n\nHe was mortally wounded on the first day of the Somme.\n\nLT ROBERT COLIN **BOYD** (Devon Regt), who was killed on July 14, aged 23, played for the Devon Dumplings.\n\nEducated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, he was killed leading his company at Bazentin, Somme. His company commander wrote: \"He was quite a stranger to fear... As for the men, they would have loved him, even if he had not come from Devon. They both loved him and knew he was a good officer \u2013 two entirely different things.\"\n\nLT TERENCE ANTHONY CHAWORTH **BRABAZON** (Essex Regt), who was born at Rochester on February 20, 1896, was wounded on July 1, and died from septic pneumonia at Salisbury on August 3. In 1912 and 1913 he was in the King's School, Rochester, Eleven, in the latter season playing an innings of 109 v Forest School.\n\nHe is buried at Wilton Cemetery, Wiltshire.\n\n2ND LT GUY **BRACHER** (The Buffs), who was killed on July 3, aged 26, was associated with The Mote CC.\n\n2ND LT DENNIS JOHN FREELAND **BRADBURY** (King's Own Royal Lancaster Regt) died of wounds on November 15, aged 19. In 1915 he headed the batting and bowling averages of the Moravian School, Leeds. He was associated with the Wigan CC.\n\nLT ALFRED ROYAL **BRADFORD** (Cambs Regt), killed on October 14, aged 22, was in the Bedford Grammar School Eleven in 1911 and 1912...\n\nLT-COL HAROLD ERNEST **BRASSEY** (Household Cavalry, attd to South Lancs Regt) was born on March 29, 1877, and was killed on July 16 at Bouzincourt, Somme. He played for Household Brigade, Windsor Garrison, and other military teams, and was a very well-known poloist. He was son of the late Mr H. A. Brassey, whose cricket festivals at Preston Hall, in Kent, about 40 years ago were such delightful functions.\n\nHe is commemorated by a fine stained-glass window in St Leonard's Church, Apethorpe, Northants.\n\nCPL WILLIAM HERBERT **BRETT** (Royal Engineers), who died of wounds on June 3, aged 33, had the reputation of being the best wicketkeeper in the Metropolitan Police Force. He gained the DCM.\n\n_Wisden_ listed him as \"Sapper Brett\". He was awarded the DCM ( _LG_ , June 30, 1915): \"For conspicuous gallantry on April 9, 1915, at Givenchy, when, engaged in erecting wire entanglements in front of the trenches, after dark, he assisted in rescuing, under heavy fire, one of the covering party who had been wounded.\" He is buried in Mitcham.\n\nLT ALFRED EVANS **BROAD** (Dorset Regt) died of wounds at Le Touquet on March 2, aged 26. He was in the Uppingham Eleven in 1906 and 1907, being a useful all-round performer...\n\nPTE EDWARD CHARLES **BROOKE-SMITH** (Canadian Infantry), born at Musgenbarg, South Africa, March 21, 1892, died of wounds December 9. Cowichan CC. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT DR NORMAN WALFORD **BROUGHTON** (RAMC, attd to RA), killed on September 10, aged 27, played cricket for Sydney Grammar School and Sydney University.\n\nHe is buried at Dantzig Alley cemetery, Mametz, Somme. He was awarded the DSO, announced in the _LG_ six days after his death: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during operations. During a very heavy bombardment he, on three occasions, helped to dig out men from blown-in dugouts. Shells were bursting all round him, but he refused to take cover, and it was mainly due to his efforts that most of the buried men were rescued. He has done other fine and gallant work.\"\n\nPTE ROBERT REEVES **BROWN** (Canadian Infantry), born at Middlewich, March 21, 1884, killed September 30. Point-Grey CC of British Columbia. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT EDMUND CECIL GLADSTONE **BUCKLEY** (King's Liverpool Regt), of the Liverpool CC, fell in action on August 5, aged 27. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Sedbergh.\n\nHe was shot by a sniper during the Somme offensive.\n\nLT-COL HUBERT LIONEL **BUDGE** (Royal Scots) was born in 1878, and died of wounds on July 13. He played for the Free Foresters. He had served in the South African War.\n\nCAPT ROY EVANS **BULLEN** (King's Royal Rifles), who was born at Durban (Natal) on June 21, 1892, died of wounds on April 29. In 1909 and two following years he was in the Leys School XI... At Cambridge he played for Jesus College, but did not receive his Blue. He represented the University at lacrosse.\n\n2ND LT HOWARD CHURCHILL **BURBIDGE** (East Yorks Regt), who died of wounds on September 13, was not in the Eleven whilst at Oundle, but subsequently played with success for Brough, in the East Riding.\n\nCAPT HUGH HENRY **BURN** (Coldstream Guards), born in November 1895, died of wounds on September 16. In 1913 he was in the Winchester Eleven... He was a powerful driver and bowled uncertain googlies. He was awarded the Military Cross [on June 3, 1916].\n\n*2ND LT WILLIAM BEAUMONT **BURNS** (Worcs Regt), born at Rugeley, Staffordshire, on August 29, 1883, fell in action on July 7. Educated at the King's School, Ely, where he was in the Eleven, he played subsequently for Staffordshire and Worcestershire. On his first appearance for the former county \u2013 v MCC and Ground at Lichfield \u2013 he played an innings of 123 not out, and in the next year headed the averages with 57.20, his highest score being 123 v Oxfordshire. In 1903 he began to assist Worcestershire, his appearances that season, however, being restricted to the three games played by the county outside the Championship competition as he had not yet completed his qualification. His association with Worcestershire, of course, gave him many opportunities of appearing in the best company, and in 1906, 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911 he scored over 1,000 runs in first-class cricket. His largest aggregate was 1,438 in 1911, when he averaged 31.95... In making his 196 [v Warwickshire at Edgbaston in 1909] he put on 393 runs for the fifth wicket with Arnold (200*). On the Worcester ground in July 1908, he scored 334 in four and a half hours for Gentlemen of Worcestershire v Gentlemen of Staffordshire. He assisted the Gentlemen against the Players at The Oval and Scarborough in 1910, and at Lord's in 1911, in the Oval match scoring 16 and 34 and taking seven wickets \u2013 three of them in four balls \u2013 for 58 runs. In 1906-07 he visited New Zealand as a member of the MCC's team, and during the tour rendered good service without doing anything remarkable. At the conclusion of the season of 1913 he settled in Canada, and was seen no more in first-class cricket in this country. He may be summed up as a dashing, hard-hitting batsman, a useful fast bowler, and a brilliant field. His most successful years as a bowler were 1909 and 1910, when his figures were respectively 44 wickets for 25.95 runs each and 58 for 26.77 apiece. He could bowl at a great pace, but the fairness of his delivery was often questioned \u2013 and not without good reason. He had been a member of the MCC since 1911.\n\nBurns died in the attack on Contalmaison at the Somme, alongside his Worcestershire teammate Arthur Isaac (qv). The regimental history records: \"All day a drizzling rain had fallen, and at that critical hour the weather broke in good earnest. Rain fell in sheets, converting the trenches, already difficult, into troughs of knee-deep mud. Through that slime 'A' Company and Battalion Headquarters struggled to get forward; but the heavily laden soldiers could make little headway and, in spite of great efforts, 'A' Company only reached 'Pearl Alley' at 5 p.m. By that time the end had come. At about 2 p.m. the enemy were heavily reinforced and commenced a powerful attack. The German artillery pounded the ruins held by the Worcestershire, a fierce machine-gun fire was directed on to the village from the untaken trenches on both flanks, and strong bombing parties of the enemy worked down from the higher ground. Fighting stubbornly from house to house, the survivors of the three companies were forced back. The position was clearly untenable but there was no thought of surrender. A desperate struggle raged round the ruins of the church, where a party of the Worcestershire, inspired by two brave subalterns, 2nd Lt A. W. Isaac and 2nd Lt W. B. Burns, fought on till all were overwhelmed.\"\n\nLT WILLIAM JAMES **BURT** (Middlesex Regt), who was killed on August 18, represented Felsted at cricket, boxing and football. He was in the Eleven in 1912...\n\nLT GEOFFREY WALTER MELVIN **BURTON** (East Kent Regt), killed on July 3, aged 19, was in the King's School, Canterbury, Eleven in 1912 and two following seasons... His highest score was 108 v Rev L. H. Evan's XI in 1914.\n\nCAPT CHARLES LESLIE **BUTCHER** (Worcs Regt), who fell in action on July 24, aged 32, played for the Kidderminster CC in Birmingham League matches.\n\n*LT THE HON BRIAN DANVERS **BUTLER** (King's Royal Rifles), born on April 18, 1876, was killed on August 18. He played for the 60th Rifles and I Zingari, and had been a member of the MCC since 1909.\n\nHe was the fourth son of the sixth Earl of Lanesborough.\n\n**2ND LT EDWARD LIONEL AUSTIN **BUTLER** (Australian Infantry) died of wounds at the Somme on August 23, aged 33; he had been wounded the previous day. He was born at Hobart, Tasmania, on April 10, 1883. Known as Leo, he studied law at the University of Tasmania and was the fourth generation to enter the family law firm of Butler, MacIntyre and Butler. A right-hand bat, he played two matches for Tasmania in February 1914 and January 1915; his father, Edward Henry, also played for them. He is buried in Puchevillers British Cemetery; a memorial window was dedicated to his memory in St David's Cathedral, Hobart, in August 1917.\n\n2ND LT WALTER CECIL **BUTTERWORTH** (The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), who fell in action on July 21, aged 40, was not in the Eleven whilst at Clifton, but played for the Milford CC, of Surrey. He was younger son of the late Mr Benjamin Butterworth, in his time the best long-stop in Australia, who captained the Victorian team against Parr's English side in 1863-64.\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS BLAKE **CAMERON** (Cameron Highlanders), who died of wounds on August 19, aged 19, was in the Rossall Eleven in 1912 and 1913, and was a fair all-round player.\n\nLT GEORGE HENDERSON **CAMPBELL** (Canadian Pioneers), born at Halifax (Nova Scotia) on May 18, 1893, fell in action on May 16. He was in the Eleven at St Andrew's College, Toronto, in 1911.\n\n**LT-COL EDWARD **CAMPION** (Seaforth Highlanders) died on February 25 at St Pancras, London, aged 41. He was born on December 17, 1873, at Danny Park, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Educated at Eton, he joined the Seaforth Highlanders in 1895 and served in Crete, Egypt, South Africa and India. His single fc match was for Europeans against Parsees at Poona in September 1903 (see also Manson, above). He went to France on the outbreak of WW1 and was mentioned in Lord French's Despatches ( _LG_ , February 17, 1915). He suffered from gas poisoning near Ypres in May 1915, and had a relapse during convalescence in England; he is buried at Hurstpierpoint Old Cemetery.\n\nTPR ERNEST WILLIAM **CAPP** (Australian Light Horse), who died of wounds in Cairo on April 28, aged 34, was a strong defensive batsman of the Singleton CC, of New South Wales. In November 1901, when playing for Northern Districts XVIII against England at West Maitland, he contributed 114 to the locals' total of 558 for 15 wickets.\n\nAll 11 of A. C. MacLaren's XI bowled as the Districts batted for 160 overs in this two-day match before the declaration; the tourists scored 221 for five off 63 overs.\n\n2ND LT LEONARD ARTHUR **CAREY** (Devon Regt), born at Finchley on December 3, 1891, fell in action on July 1, aged 24. A good wicketkeeper and useful batsman, he played for Christ College (Finchley), the Finchley CC, and \u2013 in 1911, 1912 and 1913 \u2013 the King's County CC, of Brooklyn. He had been wounded in September 1915.\n\nLT WILLIAM VINCENT **CAREY** (Canadian Infantry), born on August 1, 1886, was killed on September 30. He was in the Eleven at Trinity College School, Port Hope, in 1902.\n\n**PTE WILLIAM ERIC **CARLSSON** (South African Infantry) was killed in action at Delville Wood, France, on July 14, aged 24. He was born at Hoeties Bay, Cape Province, in January 1892. He played four matches for Western Province at Durban in March 1911.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE THOMAS **CARTER** (Norfolk Regt attd to the Black Watch), born July 10, 1896, was killed in Mesopotamia on March 10. In 1911 and three following years he was in the Wellingborough Grammar School Eleven, in his last season heading the batting averages with 87.00. Among his many good performances that year were innings of 200 not out v Bedford Modern School and 112 v Lord Lilford's XI, which included King and Alec Hearne. In addition he was a useful change bowler, and all four seasons won the Cup for fielding. For four years he was in the football eleven; he also held the school record (21ft 4in) for the long jump, and had thrown the cricket ball 127 yards 2ft. He was regarded as the best all-round athlete Wellingborough ever had. In 1913 and 1914 he assisted Norfolk, and in the latter year had a batting average of 32.33 for the county.\n\nA brass plate in the church of St Mary Magdalen, Wiggenhall, Norfolk, has this epitaph: \"He died the noblest death a man may die, fighting for God and liberty.\" He is buried beside the river Tigris.\n\nCAPT GEORGE TREVOR **CARTLAND** (Rifle Brigade), killed in France on July 1, aged 23, played for the Greenjackets and in Regimental matches.\n\nMiD. The Worcestershire CCC memorial names a \"Cartland, T\". George Trevor is commemorated in the Worcestershire churches of St John the Baptist, Claines, and St Philip and St James, Hallow; his parents, George and Lilian, lived near Worcester.\n\nCAPT WILFRID GARDINER **CASSELS** (Border Regt), who fell in action on July 13, aged 22, played both cricket and football for Trent College.\n\nMiD.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD CHANDOS ELLIOT **CHAMBERS** (Lancs Fusiliers), born in 1896, was killed on July 1. Although not in the Eleven at Marlborough, he was a useful cricketer and in 1913 was one of the Cock House team.\n\nCAPT RICHARD ALBERT BERESFORD **CHANCELLOR** (Royal Berks Regt), born in 1895, died of wounds on December 24. He was a slow left-hand bowler of uncertain length, and in 1914 was in the Harrow Eleven...\n\nHe won the Shakespeare Medal and the Bourchier History Prize at Harrow; G. Townsend Warner dedicated his book, _The Writing of English_ , to him. His grandfather, Albert, founded Chancellors land and estate agents.\n\n*LT HARRY BRODERICK **CHINNERY** (King's Royal Rifles), born at Teddington, February 6, 1876, fell in action on May 28. A stylish batsman and smart field, he was in the Eton Eleven in 1894 and 1895... In 1897 he assisted Surrey and in the match with Warwickshire at Edgbaston played an innings of 149. A year later little was seen of him, but at the end of the season he scored 97 for MCC and Ground v Oxford University at Oxford and 100 for Middlesex v Gloucestershire at Lord's. He was only 26 when he made his last appearance in county cricket. His early retirement was much to be regretted, but he continued to assist the Eton Ramblers and I Zingari. Since 1896 he had been a member of the MCC. He was a son of the late Mr Walter Chinnery, the champion mile runner in the early days of amateur athletics.\n\nHe became a member of the Stock Exchange in 1898. Half-brother of E. M. Chinnery (qv), who was killed on January 18, 1915.\n\n2ND LT BASIL ROBERT FRANCIS **CHRISTY** (Coldstream Guards), born in 1897, died on October 3 of wounds received on September 29. A very useful all-round player, he was a member of the Eton Eleven in 1914 and 1915... His bowling was right-hand slow-medium, and he generally kept a very good length.\n\nHis elder brother was killed three months earlier.\n\nCAPT HAROLD **CHURCH** (Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry), killed on July 19, aged 33, was in the Marlborough Eleven in 1902... He was a hard-hitting batsman. Since 1908 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nMAJOR GERALD MAITLAND **CLARK** (Northants Regt), killed on July 14, aged 35, was in the Bradfield Eleven of 1899, when he had a batting average of 13.00.\n\n2ND LT RICHARD **CLARK** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), who fell in action on May 14, aged 23, was in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven in 1910 and two following years...\n\n2ND LT CYRIL **CLARKE** (East Surrey Regt), born in 1891, died of wounds on June 16. He was educated at St Dunstan's College, Catford, where he was in the Eleven.\n\nL\/CPL ELIHU JAMES **CLARKE** (Canadian Infantry), killed September 26, aged 22. Edmonton CC, of Alberta. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT JAMES GARDNER **CLAYTON** (Dorset Regt attached to Northants Regt) was killed on August 20, aged 21. His record for King's School, Bruton, was one of much promise... His highest innings was 137 not out v Nomads in 1914, when he headed the averages. He had been mentioned in Despatches [ _LG_ , June 22, 1915, by Sir John French for gallant and distinguished service after action at Hill 60].\n\nLT RICHARD STOPFORD **CLAYTON** (Highland Light Infantry), born on January 1, 1878, died of wounds at Edinburgh on January 26. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Eton, but, being a good batsman, played for many years for the Vancouver CC. His most successful season was 1914...\n\n2ND LT ROBERT **CLEMINSON** (East Yorks Regt), who fell in action on September 25, aged 18, was in the Ardingly Eleven in 1915.\n\nThe grave of his father in East Molesey Cemetery, Surrey, carries this inscription: \"Also In Ever Loving Memory of Robert Cleminson, 2nd Lieut, East Yorkshire Regiment. Who fell in action at Lille Valley, France. Septr. 28th 1916, Aged 18 years. For King and Country.\" The date of death on the memorial differs from the CWGC record.\n\n2ND LT ERNEST HERBERT **CLEVELAND** (Sherwood Foresters attd to York and Lancaster Regt) was killed on July 31. He was a prominent Five Ways Old Edwardian cricketer, and was match secretary to the club at the time of the outbreak of the War.\n\nFive Ways Old Edwardians CC, based at Hopwood near Birmingham, was established in 1892 and today enjoys some of the best facilities in the West Midlands and Worcestershire.\n\n2ND LT MAURICE RICHARD **CLIFT** (Dorset Regt), who died on August 4 of wounds received on July 1, aged 19, played occasionally for Aldenham. He had been wounded twice previously.\n\n2ND LT HUMPHREY PORTEUS **COLE** (Devon Regt), who died of wounds on April 3, aged 21, was in the Marlborough Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\n*SSGT CHRISTOPHER GEORGE ARTHUR **COLLIER** (Army Ordnance Corps), who was born at Banff on August 23, 1886, was killed in action on August 25. He was a useful batsman and played several good innings for Worcestershire, the best being his 72 v Hampshire at Portsmouth in 1912. Before qualifying for Worcestershire he was on the groundstaff at Edgbaston.\n\n_Wisden_ gives his forenames as Charles George Alfred, other sources omit George.\n\nRFMN JAMES MORRISON **COMRIE** (NZ Rifle Brigade), killed on September 21, aged 21, was educated at Wellington College (New Zealand), where he was in the Eleven.\n\nCAPT HEFFERNAN JAMES **CONSIDINE** (Royal Irish Regt), killed near Kemmel, Belgium, on October 27, aged 33, was captain of the Eleven whilst at Beaumont College. He had been awarded the Military Cross.\n\nA younger brother was killed at Ypres on May 24, 1915.\n\n2ND LT WALTER NEVILLE **CONYERS** (Royal Berks Regt) was born on March 2, 1891, and fell in action on August 19. He belonged to the well-known cricketing brotherhood of Bermuda. He had previously been wounded. In 1907 he was a member of the Eleven of Trinity College School, Port Hope.\n\nL\/CPL PHILIP HOWARD **COOK** (Machine Gun Section, King's Liverpool Regt), of the Liverpool CC, fell in action on July 30, aged 30.\n\nSGT HAROLD ARTHUR **COOPER** (Canadian Infantry), killed on August 19, aged 44, was in the Eton Eleven of 1890... He was described as: \"A rough and ready cricketer, useful in all departments; hits well, bowls a good over or two, can field and throw in well.\"\n\nLT ROBERT GEARE HENRY **COPEMAN** (Essex Regt), died of wounds, January 12, aged 21. Magdalen (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT HUBERT VERNON ANCHITEL **CORFIELD** (East Lancs Regt), who was born at Batala, in the Punjab, in 1895, was killed on July 7. In 1912 and two following seasons he was in the Eleven at St Lawrence School, Ramsgate... He was a grandson of the late Rev T. A. Anson.\n\nHe was elected to a Classical scholarship at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in December 1914, but obtained a commission the following month. He was the youngest of four sons of the Rev Egerton Corfield, rector of Finchampstead, Berks, who all held commissions; the eldest son, Egerton Anson Frederick, died of wounds on June 17, 1917.\n\n2ND LT ARCHIBALD GORDON **COSTELLO** (County of London Regt), who was killed on September 15, aged 25, played for the HAC.\n\n*CAPT ALEXANDER GORDON **COWIE** (Seaforth Highlanders), born at Lymington on February 27, 1889, died of wounds on April 7 in Mesopotamia. He had previously been wounded in July 1915. A fast right-handed bowler, somewhat erratic, he played a few times for Charterhouse in 1907, and upon proceeding to Cambridge obtained his Blue as a Freshman in 1910. Against Oxford he took four wickets for 67 runs, in his first over causing a sensation by bowling a couple of wides and dismissing A. J. Evans and R. Sale. That year he was the most successful of the Cambridge bowlers, his record showing 35 wickets for 20.51 runs each, but in the few matches in which he appeared for Hampshire he did little. In 1911 he failed to retain his Blue, and therefore little was seen of him in important cricket. In 1913, however, he played at Lord's for Army v Royal Navy.\n\nHis name is on the granite memorial set in the exterior wall at Torphichen Churchyard, West Lothian, dedicated \"to the glorious memory of those who from this district fell in defence of human liberty and right\". It concludes: \"Their bodies rest elsewhere in peace and their name liveth for evermore.\"\n\n2ND LT ROBERT WILLIAM TALBOT **COX** (Dorset Regt), born on May 28, 1890, was killed on February 15. He was in the Merchant Taylors' XI in 1908 and 1909.\n\n*CAPT ALEXANDER BASIL **CRAWFORD** (West Yorks Regt), who was born in Warwickshire on May 24, 1891, fell in action near Richebourg, France, on May 10, aged 24. In 1907 and 1908 he was in the Oundle Eleven, and in 1911 appeared a few times for Warwickshire, making 140 runs in seven innings and taking 13 wickets for 23.84 runs each. Against the West Indians he made 24 not out and took six wickets for 36 runs. Subsequently he appeared for Nottinghamshire, and in the match with the Australians in 1912 played an innings of 51.\n\nCAPT THOMAS RUSSELL **CRAWLEY-BOEVEY** (Gloucs Regt), who died on August 30 of wounds received nine days before, aged 36, was in the Clifton Eleven in 1898 and 1899... In 1898 he played an innings of 133 v Liverpool. He was a free batsman who drove well.\n\nAn elder brother, Edward Martin, fell on December 24, 1914.\n\nSGT HENRY CECIL **CROZIER** (York and Lancaster Regt), killed in action on July 1, played for the Sheffield United CC.\n\n*LT WILLIAM MAGEE **CROZIER** (Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers), killed on July 1, aged 42, was in the Repton Eleven in 1892, when he made 113 runs with an average of 7.53.\n\nHe scored four and three, and failed to take a wicket, in his single fc match, for Dublin University against Leicestershire at Grace Road in 1895.\n\nCAPT HERBERT CHARLES BRUCE **CUMMINS** (Seaforth Highlanders), who died of wounds on May 7, aged 39, was in the Tonbridge School Eleven in 1894 and 1895... Whilst at Durham University he was in the Eleven and Fifteen. Later he played for Staffordshire and, from 1908 to 1913, for Dorset County, whose bowling he headed in 1908, 1909 and 1913. For seven years he was a master at Edinburgh Academy and since 1909 had played regularly for the Grange CC. He was a very good right-hand fast bowler and a brilliant field at point. He had played rugby football for Hampshire.\n\nCAPT ALFRED KEITH SMITH **CUNINGHAME** (Grenadier Guards), who was killed on September 25, aged 25, played cricket for his Battalion.\n\n_Wisden 1918_ repeated the entry with the extra information: \"Brasenose (Ox) XI. The Guards XI.\" He had served continuously with 2 Bn from August 14, 1914, and was the last survivor of the original battalion. MiD.\n\n*MAJOR SIR FOSTER HUGH EGERTON **CUNLIFFE** , 6th Bart (Rifle Brigade), born at Acton Park, Wrexham, on August 17, 1875, died of wounds on July 10. As a batsman he had a fine, free style, and he excelled as a left-handed medium-pace bowler, having a good length and sending down a difficult ball that came with his arm. He was in the Eton Eleven in 1893 and 1894... At Oxford he obtained his Blue as a Freshman and in 1898, his last year in the Eleven, was captain... Against Surrey, at Oxford, in 1896, he obtained eight wickets in an innings for 26 runs. In 1897, when he began to appear for Middlesex, he was chosen for the Gentlemen at Lord's, and took three wickets in each innings of the Players. In 1895 he became a member of the MCC, serving on the committee from 1903 until 1906. He was a Fellow of All Souls, Oxford, and a distinguished military historian.\n\nHe wrote _The History of the Boer War_ (1901).\n\nCAPT ROBERT COCKS **CUNNINGHAM** , MC (Black Watch), killed September 3, aged 32. Glenalmond XI about 1901\u201302. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT THOMAS BERNARD **CUTTS** (Sherwood Foresters), of the Notts Forest CC, fell in action on July 20, aged 29.\n\n2ND LT RONALD **D'ALBERTANSON** (East Surrey Regt attd to Dorset Regt) was killed on August 8, aged 22. He was educated at Sutton Valence School, where he obtained his colours for cricket and football.\n\nLT-COL FRANCIS EDWARD LLOYD **DANIELL** , DSO (Seaforth Highlanders), who was born on December 19, 1874, died of wounds on March 4, aged 41. He played cricket for his Battalion, and had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nNot Daniel as in _Wisden_.\n\n2ND LT ANDREW PEARSON **DAVIDSON** (Gordon Highlanders), who fell in action on September 5, aged 21, was in the Glenalmond Eleven in 1914, when he scored 231 runs and averaged 17.76.\n\n2ND LT FRANK ARNOLD **DAVIES** (Cheshire Regt), killed on July 1, played for the Sefton Park CC.\n\n*PTE ARTHUR EDWARD **DAVIS** (Royal Fusiliers), born on August 4, 1882, fell in action in France on November 4. He was educated at Mill Hill, where he was in the Eleven in 1898 and 1899, in the latter year being second in the batting averages with 24.43. Subsequently he appeared for Leicestershire, his best season being that of 1903, when, besides catching 22 men and stumping four, he played several useful innings. In 1905, when he took part in only a few games, he made his highest score for the county \u2013 55 v Sussex at Brighton. He was a very good wicketkeeper, and in local cricket was associated with the Leicester Ivanhoe CC.\n\n2ND LT HUGH COURTENAY **DAVIS** (Royal Berks Regt attached to RFC) was killed in a flying accident on August 5, aged 19. He was in the Oundle Eleven in 1914, when he made 69 runs with an average of 17.25.\n\nNot Davies as in _Wisden_. He went to the front on August 1, and died in an accident on the way back to his aerodrome. He is buried at Aire Communal Cemetery near St Omer, France.\n\nLT HERBERT BETHUNE **DAW** (Canadian Infantry), born on June 28, 1887, fell in action on April 26. He was in the Eleven at Trinity College School, Port Hope, in 1900.\n\nPTE WILLIAM **DEW** (Canadian Infantry), born in Cheshire, July 19, 1892, killed June 4. In the Eleven at Trinity College, Port Hope. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT GEORGE **DEWAR** , MB (RAMC), killed in France on February 3, aged 23, played for Aberdeenshire and Aberdeen University.\n\n2ND LT LANCELOT JOHN AUSTEN **DEWAR** (RMLI), killed November 13, aged 20. Oakham School XI, 1913\u201314\u201315 (captain in 1915). { _W1918_ }\n\nHis brother David (\"Sonnie\") died on March 22, 1918, aged 24.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE ALBERT **DINAN** (Royal Dublin Fusiliers), born in April, 1891, was killed on September 9. He played for Cork University and Guy's Hospital.\n\nCAPT (TEMP MAJOR) WILFRED JAMES **DOBSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Dulwich on March 4, 1878, fell in action on July 9. He was not in the Eleven whilst at St Paul's, but developed into a sound batsman and played for the Cranleigh CC, Exeter College (Oxford) and the Toronto CC. He was secretary of the last-named and its captain in 1914.\n\nLT ARCHIBALD HALLIDAY **DOUGLAS** (Royal Scots) fell in action on September 16, aged 21. He was in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\n*CAPT SHOLTO **DOUGLAS** (Middlesex Regt), killed on January 28, aged 42, was in the Dulwich Eleven from 1890 to 1893. In 1893, when he played an innings of 74 v Brighton, he had a batting average of 27.00.\n\nHe was one of four brothers who played for Middlesex after being in the Eleven at Dulwich. Sholto served in the Boer War and then helped his brother, James, to run a prep school in Godalming. He was killed at Cambrin, near Arras in France.\n\nCAPT HUMPHREY **DOWSON** , MC (King's Royal Rifles Corps), killed September 15, aged 27. Uppingham XI, 1907 and 1908. Had been mentioned in Despatches. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe was awarded the MC for gallantry in the month before he was killed: \"He took command of the company when another officer was wounded, organised his defences, and held his own with great determination.\" After Uppingham, he went on to King's College, Cambridge. He played rugby for Rosslyn Park.\n\n**PTE FRANK WILLIAM **DREDGE** (1 Bn, Wilts Regt) died at the Somme on August 22, aged 36. He was born at Alderbury, Wiltshire, in 1880. A left-hand bat, his single fc match was for Wellington against Hawke's Bay at Wellington in March 1906. His name is on the war memorial in Salisbury outside the Guildhall.\n\n**LT G. E. **DRIVER** (South African Horse) died in East Africa on September 7, aged 32. No birth details or first names are known. His single fc match was for Griqualand West against Western Province at Kimberley in November 1903 when, opening the batting, he scored 37 and 62. MiD. He is buried in Morogoro Cemetery, Tanzania; Morogoro was occupied by Commonwealth forces on August 26, 1916, and the German civil cemetery was taken over for Commonwealth war burials.\n\n*LT-COL WILLIAM **DRYSDALE** , DSO (Royal Scots, commanding 7 Bn, Leics Regt), fell in action on September 29, aged 39. A very useful all-round player \u2013 he could hit hard, field brilliantly at cover point and bowl lobs and fast \u2013 he was in the Loretto Eleven in 1892 and two following years. Subsequently he appeared for Sandhurst and in many military matches. He had previously been wounded.\n\nHe served for some years in Burma and India, and played four fc matches for Europeans in India between 1900-01 and 1902-03. He was wounded during the first Battle of Ypres when he was awarded the DSO, and was later MiD and again wounded.\n\nLT HUBERT LIONEL HOUSSEMAYNE **DU BOULAY** (Wilts Regt) fell in action on September 3, aged 19. He was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1913 and 1914, being second in the averages in the former year with 30.20 and first in the latter with 56.28. In 1914 he made 131 v East Gloucestershire, 114 and 117 (in one match) v Old Cheltonians, and 105 v Clifton CC. Of his last year at school _Wisden_ said: \"For a boy of his age he is a batsman far above the ordinary, and it is not too much to say that with average luck he might develop into a great cricketer.\" He was also captain of the Fifteen and fives champion.\n\n_Wisden_ edited its own quotation: in 1915, it had repeated the word ordinary and its \"ordinary luck\" is changed to \"average\", while it had suggested he might be \"a very great cricketer\". A brother, Arthur Houssemayne (qv), died on October 25, 1918, aged 38.\n\n_The war memorial at the entrance to the chapel at Cheltenham College_\n\nLT RICHARD ERNEST **DUCHESNE** (Northants Regt), who was killed on October 8, aged 25, was educated at Bishop Stortford [sic], and was Secretary of the Peterborough CC.\n\nHis obituary in the _Peterborough Advertiser_ concluded: \"The war takes sacrifice not only in numbers but in quality.\"\n\n2ND LT HUBERT **DUNBAVAND** (Royal Engineers), who was killed on August 25, aged 25, played for West Hartlepool.\n\n2ND LT JOHN HUBERT MALCOLMSON **DUNN** (Royal Field Artillery), born in March 1894, and killed on September 25, was captain of the Ludgrove Eleven, and subsequently played for the Eton Ramblers.\n\n2ND LT DUDLEY GARTON **DURRANT** (Gloucs Regt), killed on August 16, aged 23, was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1912.\n\n2ND LT HARRISON **EDKINS** (London Regt), killed on September 15, aged 20, was the wicketkeeper of the Dulwich Eleven in 1915.\n\nThe Harrison Edkins Memorial Prize for Music was endowed at Dulwich in his memory.\n\n*CAPT LORD **ELCHO** (HUGO FRANCIS WEMYSS CHARTERIS) (Gloucs Yeomanry), born on December 28, 1884, was killed on April 23. In 1902 he played for Eton v Winchester, but was not a recognised member of the Eleven. He had been a member of the MCC since 1904.\n\nHe played a single match for Gloucestershire against Surrey at The Oval in 1910. A younger brother, Yvo Alan, died on October 17, 1915.\n\nBRIG-GEN WILFRED **ELLERSHAW** (Royal Artillery), born in 1871, went down with Lord Kitchener in HMS _Hampshire_ off the Orkneys on June 5. He had been a member of the MCC since 1904, and played much military cricket, especially for the Royal Artillery. He was a member of the Woolwich Eleven in 1891... He had received the Order of Saint Stanislas 2nd class.\n\nThe _Hampshire_ , carrying 655 crew and seven passengers, struck a mine and sank; only 12 men survived. Lord Kitchener and his six staff, including Ellershaw, were on their way to Archangel to bolster the Russian war effort. News of the drowning of the War Minister shocked the nation; his body was never recovered, which fuelled conspiracy theories about the circumstances of his death. Kitchener and Ellershaw are commemorated on the Hollybrook Memorial in Southampton.\n\n2ND LT ROBERT CHAMBERS MACDONALD **ELLIOTT** (Salop Light Infantry), who fell in action on August 24, aged 25, was captain of cricket at Newport (Salop) Grammar School, being a good bat and fast bowler and a brilliant field.\n\nLT YVO LEMPRIERE **ELLIS** (Hants Regt) was killed on May 29, aged 22. He was in the Rossall Eleven in 1912 and 1913 and played in the Freshmen's match at Oxford in 1914, scoring 13.\n\n*LT WILLIAM KEITH **ELTHAM** (Australian Field Artillery), born at Hobart, October 10, 1886, killed December 31. Representative Tasmanian player. Scored 78 v New South Wales, at Sydney, 1910-11; 58 v Victoria, at Melbourne, 1912-13; 51 v South Africans, at Hobart, 1910-11. Played in district cricket for Wellington and (later) West Hobart, scoring 2,589 runs with an average of 33.62, his highest innings being 146 for West Hobart v New Town, in 1905-06. A useful bowler. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe played 11 fc matches for Tasmania, including against the MCC tourists in 1911-12. He worked for Hobart City Council as a draughtsman and enlisted in August 1914, joining the artillery where his technical skill with a pen was put to good use. He marked aiming points for artillery firing from the map, and as a forward observer would call the fall of shot and correct ranges using these references. Most drawings and paintings were done in books that fitted in a jacket pocket; one of these books bears a bullet imprint from when he was struck by a spent round: the outer cover and pages are ripped, those deeper in are indented by the impact. A later bullet went through another pad and killed him instantly, shot through the heart.\n\nCAPT HENRY WRIGHT **EYRE** (Gloucs Regt), who died of wounds on July 29, aged 23, was a member of the Westbury-on-Trym CC. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Leys School.\n\n*LT CHARLES GEORGE EDGAR **FARMER** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed on August 18, aged 30, was in the Eton XI in 1904... At Oxford he appeared in trial games but did not obtain his Blue. Since 1905 he had been a member of the MCC, and he also played for I Zingari, Free Foresters and Eton Ramblers, being secretary of the last-mentioned club for six years.\n\nHe played two matches for MCC at Lord's in 1905 and 1906, scoring 55 in 1906 against Worcestershire.\n\nLT WILLIAM **FEATHERSTONE** (Yorks Regt), killed on September 13, aged 33, was a very good batsman who captained the Redcar CC.\n\n2ND LT MATTHEW HENRY **FELL** (Yorks Regt attd to Northumberland Fusiliers), who was killed on September 17, aged 24, played for the Scarborough CC.\n\nLT-COL ARTHUR FRANCIS **FERGUSON-DAVIE** (Sikhs), CIE, DSO, born in 1867, was killed on April 11 in Iraq. He played for the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in 1888, in which year there was no match against Woolwich on account of the prevalence of scarlet fever. He had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT-COL THE 2ND EARL OF **FEVERSHAM** (CHARLES WILLIAM REGINALD DUNCOMBE), of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, was born on May 8, 1879, and fell in action on September 15. He was a patron of the Yorkshire County CC.\n\nWrongly listed as the 8th Earl; he had inherited the title only in 1915 on the death of his grandfather. Known as Viscount Helmsley, he was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, and was Conservative MP for Thirsk and Malton 1905\u201315. He was killed at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette while commanding 21 Bn (Yeoman Rifles) KRRC, a battalion that was formed at Helmsley; he took his deerhound to war and it too was killed and buried with him.\n\nLT-COL CHARLES EDWARD **FISHBOURNE** (Northumberland Fusiliers), who died of wounds on October 6, aged 47, was in the Oakham School Eleven and subsequently took part in much military cricket. He served in the South African War.\n\n*LT CHARLES DENNIS **FISHER** (RNVR), born at Blatchington Court, Sussex, on June 19, 1877, was lost in HMS _Invincible_ [at Jutland] on May 31. A safe and steady batsman, and a bowler who could keep a good length and had a considerable off-break, he was in the Westminster Eleven in 1893 and three following years, being captain in 1895 and 1896... At Oxford [Christ Church] he obtained his Blue in 1900, and in the match with Cambridge scored 26 and took three wickets for 42 runs. In 1898 he began to assist Sussex, and his highest score for the county was 80 v Worcestershire at Brighton in 1901. Since 1904 he had been a member of the MCC. He was 6ft 3in.\n\nHe was one of 11 children: one brother fell in 1918, one became a vice-admiral, another became chairman of Barclays Bank, and a sister, Adeline, married the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams.\n\nLT-COL ALFRED EDWARD **FITZGERALD** (East Surrey Regt, commanding a Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry) died of wounds in London on July 13, aged 44. He was well known in India and the West Indies as a good cricketer, golfer and polo player. He was the second son of the late Mr R. A. FitzGerald and had been a member of the MCC since 1909.\n\nHe was mortally wounded at Fricourt on the first day of the Somme, and is buried in Twyford churchyard, Buckinghamshire. His father was secretary of MCC 1863\u201376, and wrote _Wickets in the West_ (about the first MCC tour abroad to North America) and _Jerks in from Short Leg_ (an early humorous book on cricket).\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK ARTHUR **FLESHER** (Royal Warwicks Regt), who died on September 27 of wounds received on July 19 \u2013 he had also been wounded on July 3 \u2013 had been captain of the Ripon Grammar School Eleven.\n\nCAPT MAURICE **FLETCHER** (Royal Munster Fusiliers), killed on September 9, aged 31, had been captain of the Eleven at St Edmund's School, Canterbury, and Selwyn College, Cambridge.\n\nAfter Cambridge he went to a French Lyc\u00e9e and then taught at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby, and Wakefield Grammar School. He was awarded the MC for action a month before he died when, according to the citation: \"He directed a working party close to the enemy's line, and completed his task under continuous shelling and rifle fire. He has done other fine work.\" His twin brother survived the war.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM GEORGE **FLETCHER** (North Staffs Regt), killed in action on July 3, aged 22, was in the Highgate School Eleven in 1912. He had been wounded in January.\n\n2ND LT HERBERT **FLOWERS** (Royal West Kent Regt), killed on August 31, aged 36, played for Hertford College (Oxford), Eastbourne and Steyning.\n\nUncle of the man below, who fell the next day.\n\n2ND LT JOHN ARTHUR **FLOWERS** (Royal Sussex Regt), nephew of the above-mentioned, fell in action on September 1, aged 20. He was in the Lancing Eleven in 1913 and 1914, in the latter year making 275 runs with an average of 21.15, his highest score being 124 v Sussex Martlets.\n\nPTE SPENCER ISAAC **FOSBERRY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Godalming, March 28, 1881; killed June 3. Played for the Five C's CC of Victoria (BC). Good all-round. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT ROWLAND **FRASER** (King's Royal Rifle Brigade) was born on January 10, 1890, and was killed on July 1. He was in the Merchiston Eleven in 1905 and three following years, in 1908 being second both in batting and in bowling. Subsequently he played for the Grange CC and Perthshire. He obtained his Blue at Cambridge for rugby football, and was a Scottish international [four matches, 1911].\n\nCAPT AND ADJT WALLACE **FRASER** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed on July 30, aged 36, had held office as captain and secretary of the Northern CC. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Rugby.\n\nPTE WILLIAM ALFRED **FRASER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Eltham, in Kent, on April 26, 1881, died of concussion of the spine at Moore Barracks Hospital, Shorncliffe, on March 3. He was a fair bat and good field, and played for the Galt CC, of Ontario.\n\n2ND LT CECIL **FREEMAN-COWEN** (RFA), reported killed on June 23, aged 18\u00bd, played for Felsted a few times in 1914.\n\nCAPT DAVID THOMAS CRICHTON **FREW** (RAMC), who died in hospital at Aldershot on September 29, aged 29, played for Glasgow High School and Glasgow University.\n\nHe died after an operation for appendicitis.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT ALFRED **FURZE** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), killed on September 16, aged 24, was in the Bradfield Eleven in 1911.\n\nLT IAN **GALLETLY** (RFA), killed on August 3, aged 27, played cricket for Edinburgh Academy, University College (Oxford) and Edinburgh Academicals.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM EDWARD MANSFIELD **GARDINER** (London Regt) was killed on July 20, aged 20. He was in the Forest School Eleven in 1914...\n\n2ND LT WILFRID FLETCHER **GARRAWAY** (Indian Army), born at Darjeeling, 1896, was drowned whilst on duty on November 5. He was in the Bedford Grammar School Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\n2ND LT DAVID LYNDSAY STRANACK **GASKELL** (Welsh Regt) died of wounds on January 12, aged 22. For the Tonbridge Eleven in 1911...\n\nLT-COL WILLIAM BERESFORD **GIBBS** (Worcs Regt), killed on September 3, aged 35, was in the Eleven at Newton Abbot. Later he played occasionally for Wellington and Sandhurst. He served in the South African War.\n\n*CAPT FRANCIS SYDNEY **GILLESPIE** (Royal Sussex Regt) died of wounds on June 18, aged 27. He was not in the Eleven while at Dulwich, but afterwards played with success for London County, Surrey and the Wanderers. He was a left-handed batsman and in 1912 and 1913 headed the Surrey 2nd XI averages; in the former year he made 105 v Wiltshire at The Oval, and in the latter 57 and 55 not out v Glamorgan on the same ground. Tried for Surrey in 1913, he made 249 runs with an average of 22.62, his highest score being 72 against Gloucestershire at The Oval.\n\nCAPT ARCHIBALD KELTIE **GILMOUR** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), who fell in action on August 16, aged 24, was in the Westminster Eleven in 1910 and 1911. He was a fair all-round performer.\n\n*CAPT GEORGE BRUCE **GILROY** , MC (Black Watch), born on September 16, 1889, died of wounds on July 15. An excellent wicketkeeper and a useful batsman, he was in the Winchester Eleven in 1908...\n\nHe was awarded the MC, gazetted on June 3. His single fc match was for Oxford University against MCC at Lord's in 1909.\n\n**PTE ANDREW MONCRIEFF **GIVEN** (Australian Infantry) was killed in action at Fromelles, France, on July 19, aged 30. He was born at Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, on January 30, 1886. His single fc match was for Otago against Southland at Dunedin in April 1915, when he took three for 32 in the second innings. He is buried at V. C. Corner Australian Cemetery at Fromelles: it is the only uniquely Australian cemetery on the Western Front, and contains the graves of 410 soldiers whose bodies were found on the battlefield.\n\n2ND LT ANTHONY ISIDORE **GLYKA** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed on October 12, aged 20, was in the City of London School Eleven in 1912...\n\nCAPT FREDERICK **GODFREY** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on August 16, aged 37, played cricket for the Grenadier Guards. In 1915 he was awarded the French M\u00e9daille Militaire. He served in the Egyptian Campaign and the Boer War.\n\n*LT AND ADJT CECIL ARGO **GOLD** (Royal Berks Regt) was killed on July 3, aged 29. In 1905 and 1906 he was in the Eton Eleven... He played in the Freshmen's match at Oxford in 1907, making nought and 35, but did not obtain his Blue. Since 1907 he had been a member of the MCC. He had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe played one match for Middlesex in 1907, against Hampshire at Southampton.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK WILLIAM **GOLDBERG** (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt attached to Royal Dublin Fusiliers) was killed on October 3, aged 34. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Charterhouse, but played later for University College, Oxford. He represented his University at hockey and lawn tennis, and was a hockey international.\n\nLT ROBERT **GORDON** (Gordon Highlanders), who died of wounds in November, played for the Gala CC.\n\nA 2nd Lt Robert Gordon is named on the war memorial at Galashiels, Selkirkshire, but details of this man are not confirmed.\n\n2ND LT ALEXANDER KEITH **GORRIE** (Highland Light Infantry), who fell in action on April 26, was educated at Watson's College, and, after leaving, was a member of the Watsonians' Eleven.\n\nLT GEORGE ERNEST MARSHALL **GRAY** (Northumberland Fusiliers), born in Marsala, Sicily, in 1894, was killed on July 14, aged 22. He was in the Sherborne Eleven in 1910 and two following years, being captain in 1912...\n\n2ND LT FRANK **GREEN** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), who was killed on November 3, aged 21, was in the Eleven whilst at Wakefield Grammar School.\n\nMAJOR RONALD HENRY **GREIG** , DSO (Royal Engineers), killed on August 28, aged 40, took part in many military matches. He served through the South African War.\n\n*L\/CPL WILLIAM **GREIVE** (Lothians and Border Horse) fell in action on July 17, aged 28. He was a member of the Selkirk CC, and one of the best batsmen in the Border District; he was also a useful medium-paced bowler, and a good field at slip. He had played in representative Scottish sides against Gentlemen of Ireland, Australians and South Africans.\n\nHis single fc match was for Scotland v Ireland in Dublin in July 1910. His brothers John and Walter also played for Scotland; Walter (qv) was killed on February 27, 1918. _Wisden_ wrongly gave their surnames as Grieve.\n\nCAPT ROBERT FORMAN **GUTHRIE** (Liverpool Regt), who was killed on August 9, aged 25, was in the Loretto Eleven in 1908, 1909 and 1910. In his last season he was second in the batting, making 701 runs with an average of 33.37, his highest score being 113 not out v F. A. Lumley's XI.\n\nHe went on to King's College, Cambridge.\n\nCAPT KENNETH REES **HABERSHON** (Rifle Brigade), born on July 8, 1889, fell in action on February 12. He played for the Wanderers CC, of Winnipeg, and in 1913 scored 106 for Wanderers A. v Rest of Club XIV.\n\nHe was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. His brother Leonard Osborne was killed on November 13, 1916, aged 23.\n\n2ND LT ERIC ADRIAN NETHERCOTE **HACKETT** (Royal Irish Regt), killed on September 9, aged 21, was in the Eleven at All Hallows School, Honiton.\n\nHis brother, Learo Aylmer Henry, was killed on April 24, 1918, and his sister, Venice Clementine Henrietta, who was a nurse in the Voluntary Aid Detachment, died in London on October 13, 1918, from influenza and pneumonia on returning from war nursing duties abroad; her name is on the CWGC roll of honour.\n\nLT (ACTING CAPT) FREDERIC GRAINGER **HALL** (Cheshire Regt), who was killed on July 7, aged 25, played for the Eton Ramblers and Free Foresters.\n\nHe was the elder son of the Rev F. J. Hall, Vicar of Shirburn, Oxfordshire, and was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge. After graduating, he joined the Carver cotton firm in Egypt, but immediately returned to England on the outbreak of war. He fell at the Somme, hit by a sniper while \"gallantly leading his men in a successful attack on a German trench\".\n\nLT WARWICK **HALL** (South Staffs Regt), who fell in action on July 1, aged 20, was in the Denstone College Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\nLT LEONARD **HAMMOND** (Duke of Wellington's Regt), killed on July 5, aged 27, was a useful batsman in the Tonbridge Eleven of 1907.\n\nCAPT HENRY BORGNIS BARET **HAMMOND-CHAMBERS** (Royal Lancaster Regt) was killed on July 21, aged 31. Whilst at Eton he was captain of Evans' House XI.\n\nLT EDGAR **HAMPSON** (Lancs Fusiliers), killed on July 1, aged 20, had played in the Manchester Grammar School Eleven.\n\nCAPT FRANCIS JOHN **HANNAM** (Gloucs Regt) fell in action in France on July 5, aged 36. He had played in Gloucestershire trial games and was chairman [ _Wisden_ says president] of the Bristol Cricket Association. He had represented Gloucestershire at rugby football.\n\nHe was married to Edith Boucher, a tennis player who won two gold medals in the 1912 Olympics; she died in 1951 in Bristol.\n\n_Percy Hardy_\n\n*PTE FREDERICK PERCY **HARDY** (County of London Yeomanry), born at Blandford on June 26, 1881, was found dead on the floor of a lavatory at King's Cross station (GNR) on March 9. His throat was cut and a bloodstained knife was by his side. He was on the Oval groundstaff in 1900 and 1901, and began to appear for Somerset in 1903. In consecutive innings for the Surrey Colts in 1901 he made 141 v Wandsworth and 144 not out v Mitcham Wanderers. In 1910 he played two excellent innings at Taunton, making 91 v Kent and 79 v Surrey. He was a left-handed batsman and a useful right-handed medium-paced change bowler.\n\nHardy's death is listed in the 1917 _Wisden_ under \"Other Deaths in 1916\" rather than in the Roll of Honour, since it was a suicide. David Frith states in _Silence of the Heart_ : \"He had collapsed mentally at the terrifying prospect of returning to the fighting on the Western Front.\" After detailing the inquest held at St Pancras Coroner's Court, where the jury returned a verdict of suicide while of unsound mind, Frith sums up: \"Private Percy Hardy, war casualty many miles from the trenches, Somerset cricketer in 99 matches, left a widow and two children, 11-year-old Frederick and Winifred, aged nine. It can only be surmised that the recurring frustration of his failure as a cricketer, in spite of his natural flair, led him to drink heavily. He was far from alone in dreading battle. Others were shot or imprisoned for cowardice and desertion, some of them sorely in need of psychiatric care. Percy Hardy might, in the final count, be given credit for having had the courage in his terror-filled vision of the immediate future to take his exit alone and in the 'privacy' of a public cubicle. What torment may he have felt at leaving May and the children to their fate? There can come a time amidst a man's mental turmoil when considerations such as that are blinded from view.\"\n\nHardy's entry in _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ records that he enlisted in the Yeomanry in September 1915 and \"died of illness\".\n\nCAPT PERCY YARBOROUGH **HARKNESS** (West Yorks Regt) was killed on July 1. He was captain of cricket at Malvern Link School.\n\nHis son, James Percy Knowles, born on November 28, 1916, served in WW2, was a prisoner in the Far East and became a rear-admiral; he died in 2009, aged 92.\n\nSURGEON MAURICE HENRY De JERSEY **HARPER** (HMS Queen Mary) was killed in the battle off Jutland on May 31, aged 27. He was in the Eleven both at Trent College and Durham University.\n\nCAPT EDWARD **HARRIS** (New Zealand Pioneer Battalion), killed on September 18 at the age of 46, was in the Eleven whilst at Christ's College, Christchurch (NZ).\n\nCAPT MAURICE CAZALET **HARRISON** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed on October 12, aged 22, played cricket for his Battalion. Whilst at Sandhurst he appeared occasionally for the RMC, but did not obtain his colours.\n\nSUB-LT ARTHUR REGINALD **HART** (RNVR), killed on November 13, aged 25, was educated at Christ's Hospital and played subsequently for London University.\n\n2ND LT RALPH De WARENNE **HARVEY** (Dorset Regt attd to King's Royal Rifle Corps) died at Rouen on June 7, aged 18. He was in the Weymouth College Eleven in 1914.\n\nHis elder brother, Harold Keith De Warenne, was killed six weeks earlier on April 25.\n\n2ND LT JOHN DORIA **HAVILAND** (Royal Fusiliers), born in 1882, died of wounds on July 16, aged 34. He was in the Marlborough Eleven in 1900, when he made 77 runs with an average of 12.83, and in 1903 played in one match for Northamptonshire. He had also been wounded in September 1915.\n\nLT-COL JOHN PLUNKETT VERNEY **HAWKSLEY** , DSO (RFA), who fell in action on August 8, aged 38, was a member of the RA XI, and played in many military matches. He served through the South African War.\n\nSGT ROBERT ALGERNON **HAY** (Canadian Field Artillery) was born in Toronto on March 16, 1870, and died of wounds in London on July 28. He was a fair batsman and bowler and played for the Peterborough CC, of Ontario.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD RONALD **HAYWARD** (RFA), born in 1897, was killed on December 20. He was a member of the Winchester Eleven of 1915.\n\n2ND LT ERIC RUPERT **HEATON** (Middlesex Regt), killed in action on July 1, aged 19, was in the Guildford Grammar School XI and played for the Woking CC.\n\nLT CHARLES EDWARD ROBERT **HEATON-ELLIS** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry) was killed in France on March 19, aged 22. He was in the Highgate School Eleven in 1910 and two following years, being captain in 1912...\n\nCAPT WILLIAM HERBERT **HEDGES** (Royal Engineers), who was killed on August 22, aged 23, played for the Moseley CC. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Malvern.\n\n**2ND LT JOHN ALEXANDER **HELLARD** (3 Bn, Somerset Light Infantry) was killed in action near Beaumont Hamel, France, on July 1, aged 34. He was born at Stogumber, Somerset, on March 20, 1882, and educated at King's School, Canterbury, from 1896 to 1900. He became a solicitor's clerk, was admitted as a solicitor in June 1906 and practised in Colombo, Ceylon. A right-hand bat and right-arm fast-medium bowler, he played in two County Championship matches for Somerset in 1907 and 1910. In Colombo, he served with the Town Guard Artillery from 1914 to 1915, when he returned to England and was commissioned in the Somerset Light Infantry. He was attached to 1 Bn in May 1916 when he landed in France. On the morning of July 1, the first day of the Somme, the battalion was part of 11th Brigade, and at 7.30am they left their trenches to the south-east of the village of Serre in support of 1 Bn, the Rifle Brigade. Heavy machinegun fire forced them off to the left and they found themselves in the German trenches in a position known as the Quadrilateral. Those men who continued were shot down from behind by German troops emerging from their deep dugouts. By the end of the day 26 officers and 438 other ranks of the battalion were listed as casualties. Although the CWGC records his date of death as July 2, it is given by the regimental history as July 1.\n\nCPL JOHN MICHAEL **HENDREN** (Royal Fusiliers), born at Chiswick on January 17, 1893, fell in action on July 27. He played with success for Middlesex 2nd XI and afterwards, whilst qualifying for Durham County, for the Hendon CC, in the Durham Senior League.\n\nHe was the brother of Elias \"Patsy\" Hendren, of Middlesex and England, and Denis, who also played for Middlesex, and for Durham 1910\u201314; both died in 1962. Patsy wrote in _My Book of Cricket and Cricketers_ (1927): \"I had the cruellest misfortune of losing both father and mother... Denis looked after us. I owe more than I can say to brother Denis. So did John Michael, too, in those early days. Days of real hardship, I can tell you. Denis thought the world of him, thought he would have been a great cricketer too. He was playing for Middlesex Second Eleven until the war. John Michael fell in Delville Wood.\"\n\nPatsy continued: \"During the war years the game practically ceased, but when I could I played. I joined up with the 1st Sportsmen's Battalion of the 23rd Royal Fusiliers, and soon found myself among some of the most famous athletes in the country. Naturally we had a good team, for there was a good sprinkling of county players on the strength. Brother John Michael was in the same battalion. Not always, though, did we county men do well in these matches. Ducks are just as easily got in minor cricket as in Test cricket...\"\n\nCAPT GEORGE GUY **HERMON-HODGE** (RFA), born in 1883, died of wounds on July 7, aged 32. He played in the Royal Regiments XI.\n\nHis younger brother, John Percival, fell on May 28, 1915.\n\nPTE JOHN **HERRIOT** (Army Service Corps), who died of malaria and pneumonia at Salonika on November 25, aged 59, was one of the best cricketers in the Border district.\n\nNot Heriot as in _Wisden_.\n\n2ND LT HAROLD CECIL **HERTSLET** (Middlesex Regt), killed July 1, aged 27. Educated at Merchant Taylors'. Played for the Crescent Athletic CC, of Brooklyn, New York. { _W1918_ }\n\n_Wisden 1918_ said he was killed \"early in 1917\". He was married on February 13, 1912, in New York.\n\nCAPT GEORGE HENRY **HESLOP** (Middlesex Regt), who had been wounded on January 28, was killed on July 1, aged 21. He was perhaps the most promising young all-round cricketer who had yet to appear in a first-class match. During the four years he was in the Lancing Eleven... in each season he headed the batting averages, and in 1913 and 1914 obtained most wickets and was second in bowling. In scoring 148 v Hurstpierpoint in 1913 he made 238 for the first wicket with G. E. Palmer (163), and in 1914 obtained 223 v Steyning, 158 not out v MCC and Ground, 157 v Eton Ramblers, and 151 v S. C. Bostock's XI.\n\nHe won a place at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1914, but instead enlisted in the Public Schools Battalion of the Middlesex Regt.\n\nBRIG-GEN FREDERICK JAMES **HEYWORTH** , CB, DSO (Commanding Scots Guards and Regimental District) was born on March 25, 1863, and killed on May 9. He played for the Household Brigade, and had been a member of the MCC since 1886.\n\n2ND LT WILFRED ALEXANDER **HEYWORTH** (Liverpool Regt), killed in action on May 23, aged 20, was in the Eleven at Birkenhead School.\n\n2ND LT JOHN CHRISTOPHER **HICKLING** (Middlesex Regt), who was born at Surbiton, was killed on April 11, aged 21. He was in the Uppingham Eleven in 1913...\n\nLT ARTHUR KENDRICK **HICKMAN** (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), killed in action on April 5, aged 23, was in the Clifton Eleven in 1909 and two following years...\n\n*LT RUPERT GEORGE **HICKMOTT** (Canterbury Regt, NZEF), born on March 19, 1894, died of wounds on September 16. He was educated at Christchurch High School, where he was in the Eleven for five seasons and captain for three. He came to the fore in November 1911, by scoring 235 without a mistake for XV Colts v the Canterbury XI on the Christchurch ground, and the same year was tried for Canterbury. His first four innings in inter-provincial cricket were 30 and 39 v Wellington at Wellington and 52 and 33 in the return match at Christchurch. He was then only 17 years of age, and his form that season was so good that to February 17 he had made 1,466 runs with an average of 81.44. In 1912-13 he scored 77 v Otago at Christchurch; in 1913-14 he toured Australia as a member of the New Zealand team; and during 1914-15 he made 63 and 56 v Auckland at Auckland and 109 v Hawke's Bay at Hastings, besides taking four wickets for five runs against Otago at Christchurch. In club cricket he played for the St Alban's CC, of Christchurch. He was probably the most promising young cricketer in the Dominion, and his early death will be felt severely when the game is resumed.\n\nLT-COL HUGH **HILL** , MVO, DSO, FRGS (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), born on May 16, 1875, was killed on September 10. He was a good batsman and played for his Battalion. He served in the South African War, and had twice been mentioned in Despatches during the present War.\n\nLT MARK CARR **HILL** (Leics Regt), who was killed on July 14, aged 22, played occasionally in the Eleven whilst at Rossall.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES RAYMOND **HIND** (South Staffs Regt) fell in action on May 29. In 1911 and 1912 he was in the Radley Eleven, being captain the latter year... He had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT WALTER REGINALD **HINTON** (Border Regt), killed on July 14, aged 25, was in the Eleven at St Dunstan's, Catford. He had played rugby football for Kent.\n\nCAPT SYDNEY REGINALD **HOCKADAY** (Monmouths Regt), born at Woollahra (NSW) in 1892, died of wounds on September 2. He played cricket for Birmingham University. In May 1915, he had been wounded at Ypres.\n\nLT GEORGE CEDRIC **HODGKINSON** (Yorks Regt), who died of wounds on July 4, aged 20, was in the Clifton Eleven in 1914...\n\n2ND LT RAYMOND BOYCOTT **HOLCROFT** (Devon Regt), after having been wounded twice, was killed on July 1, aged 20. He had been in the Eleven at Warwick School.\n\nLT-COL ARTHUR MERVYN **HOLDSWORTH** (Royal Berks Regt), born in 1875 and killed on July 7, scored 42 runs for Berkshire in 1914 with an average of 10.50. He played in Regimental cricket.\n\nLT RAYMOND ARCHIBALD ROBERT **HOLLINGBERY** (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), killed on July 6, aged 22, was in the Merchant Taylors' Eleven in 1911 and 1912...\n\nCAPT EDWARD RALPH LAMBERT **HOLLINS** (Royal Lancaster Regt), who died of wounds on March 3, aged 32, was well-known in Sussex club cricket, although he had not been in the Eleven whilst at Malvern and Cambridge.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE WESTON **HOLME** (RFA), a former captain of the Eleven at Pocklington School, was killed in action on December 23, aged 22.\n\nREAR-ADMIRAL THE HON HORACE LAMBERT ALEXANDER **HOOD** , RN, CB, DSO, MVO. Born 1870, lost in his flagship, the _Queen Mary_ , in the Battle of Jutland, May 31. Was a very keen, if not very distinguished cricketer. When in command of a battleship he always endeavoured to secure good cricketers as the officers of his ward and gun-rooms. When in command of the _Hyacinth_ he was captain of the officers' team, which included C. H. Abercrombie (who perished with him), and Lieut F. W. B. Wilson, who had played at Lord's for the Navy, and was the all round \"star\" player. { _W1918_ }\n\nHis flagship was the _Invincible_.\n\nCAPT STANLEY COTTERELL SEYMOUR **HORSER** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed October 12, aged 21. Queen's College (Ox) XI 1914. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT JOHN ROBERT **HORTON** (Royal Canadian Regt), born at Wednesbury, Staffs, June 24, 1880, died of wounds on October 7. He was a useful member of the Victoria CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT RALPH **HOSEGOOD** (Gloucs Regt attached to Trench Mortar Battery) fell in action on July 23, aged 23. He was in the Leys School Eleven in 1910... and later played for the Clifton Club.\n\n*LT GERALD **HOWARD-SMITH** (South Staffs Regt), born in London on January 21, 1880, died of wounds on March 29. In 1898 and 1899 he was in the Eton Eleven... It was said of him in 1899: \"Bowls straight and fast, and has often been most useful. A powerful hitter, and with better defence would be a dangerous batsman. Works hard in the field, and has done some brilliant things.\" At Cambridge he played for the Freshmen in 1900, and for the Seniors, and a few times for the University in 1901 and 1902 \u2013 in 1901 he took six wickets for 23 runs v Mr A. J. Webbe's XI \u2013 but did not obtain his Blue until 1903. On his only appearance against Oxford, when Cambridge lost by 268 runs, he made 11 and nought not out and his one wicket cost 86 runs. Later he played county cricket for Staffordshire. He had been a member of the MCC since 1900. In 1901, 1902 and 1903 he won the high jump v Oxford \u2013 he had cleared 6ft both at Cambridge and in Canada \u2013 and in 1901 and 1902 had competed in the hurdles in the University Sports. In 1903 he was president of the Cambridge University Athletic Club. He had been mentioned in Despatches and had received the Military Cross.\n\nCWGC and other records list his name without a hyphen.\n\nCAPT ROGER FORREST **HUGHES** (Australian Army Medical Corps) died of wounds on December 11, aged 26. He was in the Eleven whilst at St Ignatius College, Sydney.\n\nHe arrived in France on December 4 and was fatally wounded when a shell hit the dressing station where he was tending an injured soldier on the morning of December 11; his brother, Flt-Lt Geoffrey Forrest Hughes, of the Royal Flying Corps, who was credited with 11 aerial victories during the war and won the MC, was with him when he died later that day. Roger had a son, Peter Roger Forrest, who was a Flying Officer in WW2 and was killed when the plane he was piloting crashed on October 3, 1942. Peter, aged 25, was buried in the Adelaide River War Cemetery; soon after, Peter's widowed mother, Eileen, went to visit her son's grave. She got a lift in a truck which crashed on the way to the cemetery and both she and the driver were killed.\n\nCAPT CYRIL MITFORD **HUMBLE-CROFTS** (Royal Sussex Regt), killed on June 30, aged 34, had played for Eastbourne College.\n\nHis brother, Arthur Maughan, of the RAF, died from pneumonia following influenza on November 19, 1918, aged 35.\n\n*2ND LT JOHN HENRY SNEYD **HUNT** (London Regt), born November 24, 1874, killed 1916. Details with regard to the death of Mr Hunt have never been published. Place and date are unknown, but his friends have long given up hope that he is still alive. Mr Hunt was a very good all-round cricketer and so full of enthusiasm for the game that he was more valuable on a side than many players of greater natural gifts. He was a very plucky punishing bat, a useful change bowler \u2013 right hand fast \u2013 and a brilliant fieldsman wherever he was placed. He played his first match for Middlesex in 1902 \u2013 a disastrous year for the county \u2013 making his first appearance in the Whit-Monday fixture against Somerset. After an interval of over 15 years one recalls his undisguised delight when on being tried as second change, he took a wicket with the first ball he bowled. In his second innings he hit up 60, but in his four subsequent matches for Middlesex in 1902 he did next to nothing with either bat or ball. In 1903, however, when Middlesex won the County Championship he proved his worth as a batsman, getting an average of 27 with 57 as his highest score. It cannot be said that during his connection with Middlesex he improved as a batsman on his early efforts, but he headed the bowling in 1908, taking 13 wickets in five matches with an average of 19 runs a wicket. His highest innings in first-class cricket was 128 in the Gentlemen v Players match at The Oval in 1904 \u2013 the very unsatisfactory match in which two changes were made in the Gentlemen's team after the first day. \u2013S. H. P. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe died on September 16, 1916, near Ginchy, France. Sydney Pardon's obituary fails to mention that Hunt did not make the Eleven at Winchester College or Oxford.\n\nSGT WILLIAM JOHNSTONE **HUNTER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Edinburgh January 11, 1889; killed September 26. Played for the Coquitlam CC, of Vancouver. A good all-round cricketer. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT DONALD IRONS **HUSBAND** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders attd to Cameron Highlanders) fell in action on August 16, aged 22. He was in the Eleven at St George's College, Weybridge, and played occasionally for University College, London.\n\n*LT KENNETH LOTHERINGTON **HUTCHINGS** (King's Liverpool Regt, attd to Welsh Regt) was killed in action during on September 3. He was struck by a shell, death being instantaneous. Of all the cricketers who have fallen in the War he may fairly be described as the most famous.\n\nKenneth Lotherington Hutchings did not fulfil all the hopes formed of him, but at his best he was one of the most remarkable batsmen seen in this generation. Those who follow cricket will not need to be reminded of the sensation caused by his play in 1906 \u2013 the year in which Kent, for the first time in modern days, came out as Champion County. To the triumph of the side no one contributed more than Hutchings. It is true that he fell a little below C. J. Burnup in the averages, but he played with amazing brilliancy, getting four hundreds in county matches, and scoring 1,358 runs. His success astonished the public, but it was scarcely a surprise to those who had watched him from his schooldays. He had a great career at Tonbridge, being in the Eleven for five years, and heading the batting for three seasons in succession.\n\nThe first evidence of his ability in county cricket was given when, in 1903, he scored 106 for Kent against Somerset at Taunton. His batting in 1906 took him at once to the top of the tree, and on all hands he was regarded as an England cricketer. Unfortunately he never again reached quite the level of his great season. From time to time he did brilliant things, playing especially well in 1909 and 1910, but in 1912 he lost his form and dropped out of the Kent Eleven.\n\nIn 1909 he was chosen twice for England against Australia, scoring nine at Manchester and 59 at The Oval. He paid one visit to Australia, being a member of the MCC's team in the winter of 1907-08. Taking the tour as a whole, he did not meet with the success expected, but at Melbourne, in the only Test match the Englishmen won, he played a very fine innings of 126.\n\nHutchings was quite individual in his style of batting, recalling no predecessor. His driving power was tremendous, and when at his best he could score from good-length balls with wonderful facility. It was said in 1906 that when he played for Kent against Yorkshire, even George Hirst \u2013 most fearless of fieldsmen at mid-off \u2013 went back several yards for him, so terrific being the force of his hitting. Like most modern batsmen, Hutchings trusted for defence wholly to his back play. When he went forward it was always for the purpose of scoring. Playing the daring game that he did, he could only do himself full justice when physically very fit. His fielding was on a par with his batting. In the slips or in the deep field he was equally brilliant. He was born at Southborough, near Tunbridge Wells, on December 7, 1882 \u2013 S.H.P.\n\nHe was in business in Liverpool when war broke out, and was one of the first cricketers to volunteer for service, within two or three days of the declaration of war; he was gazetted to the Special Reserve of The King's (Liverpool Regt) on September 24, 1914. He went to France on April 26, 1915, being attached until September to 2 Bn of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers. He was gazetted Lieutenant on December 17, 1915, and in July 1916 returned to France, attached to 12 Bn, The King's (Liverpool Regt). From this time onward he was continually in the thick of the fighting. All three of his brothers served and were seriously wounded or accidentally injured. The following appreciation of him as a cricketer appeared in the _Daily Telegraph_ : \"By his death on the field of battle one of the greatest cricketers has been taken from us. A typical man of Kent, in that his cricket was splendidly characteristic of his county \u2013 bright, free, sparkling \u2013 Hutchings at his best was the most engaging batsman of his day. So long as he was at the wicket he brought out all that was best in a glorious game. On any wicket, against any bowling \u2013 circumstances did not matter \u2013 he was magnificent. His dash, his vigour, his quick eye, his indifference to care, as we understand care among crack batsmen, made him unlike any other cricketer; not in this generation have we seen his equal...\"\n\nGeorge Eric Thompson (qv) was killed on the same day. Like Hutchings, he had connections with Formby.\n\n2ND LT ROLAND GEORGE **INGLE** (Lincs Regt), killed on July 1, aged 30, had captained the Eleven at King's School, Ely.\n\nTHE REV RUPERT EDWARD **INGLIS** (Chaplain to the Forces), born on May 17, 1863, was killed on September 18. He was in the Eleven at Rugby in 1881... At Oxford he played in the University College Eleven, but did not obtain his Blue. Since 1905 he had been a member of the MCC. He was well-known as a rugby footballer, having been in the XV at Rugby, secured his Blue for Oxford, and gained his international cap in 1886.\n\nThe first that parishioners of the Kent village of Frittenden knew of their rector's departure to France was a letter written on July 7, 1915: \"I have felt that in this great crisis of the nation's history, everyone ought to do what he can to help... I ask you to pray that I may be a help to those to whom I have to minister out here.\"\n\nIn further letters he tells of his work: \"I do not think it is generally understood at home how much the Chaplains do besides their spiritual work. Many of them help to load and unload wounded men, write letters for them, collect the discs from the shattered fragments of those killed, and write the letters which carry desolation to many homes; arrange and form clubs for the men when resting, collect games, books and amusements for them, act as mess-president, help in the operating theatre, ready at all times to do anything.\" The games must have included cricket, because he writes: \"The MCC have sent me a splendid lot of cricket things.\"\n\nWounded men are given morphia but often do not have anaesthetic when being treated in a field ambulance: \"A man often suffers a lot anticipating he is going to be hurt, and by talking to him and interesting him you can often take his mind off \u2013 about all sorts of things, cricket, football, boxing.\"\n\nThrough 1916, \"Rector\", as he is known by the officers and men, is in the thick of the action at Ypres and the Somme. In August, a new trench is named after him: \"I have been shown the Rector trench on the map; it goes right up to the German lines.\" On September 17, he writes: \"This is Sunday, I believe, but I have not realised it at all and have no services...\"\n\nHe is in charge of stretcher-bearers and learns that Ingram, a doctor, has gone off by himself up to the German lines and not returned: \"I do hope he is all right and at worst a prisoner. He is such a good chap; many have got the VC for a great deal less than he has done.\" The next day, while searching in no-man's land for wounded, among whom he probably hoped to find his friend, the doctor, Inglis was hit by a shell and killed instantly. General L. Nicholson wrote to his widow: \"He was a man in a million, and very many of us in the 16th Brigade owe more to him than we can say. Of him it can be truly said, \"Greater love have no man than this, that he gave his life for his friends.\"\" (Capt Thomas Lewis Ingram, DSO, MC, of the RAMC, was killed on September 16, aged 41.)\n\nInglis was the youngest of seven children of Major-Gen Sir John Inglis, who defended Lucknow during the 1857 mutiny. Two brothers both played one match for Kent; his sister Victoria married Hubert Ashton (senior) and produced four sons who played first-class cricket \u2013 Hubert, Gilbert, Percy and Claude. Inglis had a son, born in 1906, who became Head of Naval Intelligence as Vice-Admiral Sir John \"Tommy\" Inglis.\n\nThe lychgate at St Mary's Church, Frittenden, is dedicated to Inglis and there is a tablet to his memory in the church; there is also a memorial in All Saints Church, Basingstoke, where he was a curate. There is a chapter devoted to him in _Sportsmen Parsons in Peace and War_ by Mrs Stuart Menzies (1919) \u2013 which also has a chapter on William Benton (qv); the parishes of the two men are some 12 miles apart in Kent.\n\n_Portrait of the Rev Rupert Inglis by Val l'Estrange in Sportsmen Parsons in Peace and War_\n\n2ND LT LESLIE YARDLEY **INMAN** (Royal Scots attd to Wilts Regt) died of wounds on April 6, aged 27. He was in the Eleven at Radley, and was Captain of the side in 1906.\n\nHe went to Hertford College, Oxford, and became a member of the Stock Exchange.\n\n*LT ARTHUR WHITMORE **ISAAC** (Worcs Regt), born on October 4, 1873, fell in France on July 7. He was not in the Eleven at either Harrow or Oxford, but rendered the greatest service to the game in Worcestershire. He played in the county team over a long period, being a hard-hitting bat and excellent field, served on the committee many years, and for a time was treasurer of the County Club. He was captain of Worcester St John's CC, and in club matches obtained almost 100 centuries. Since 1907 he had been a member of the MCC. His brother [John Edmund Valentine (qv)] and brother-in-law, Major Wodehouse (qv), were killed at Neuve-Chapelle in 1915.\n\nIsaac died in the attack on Contalmaison at the Somme, alongside his Worcestershire teammate Williams Burns; for details of the action in which they perished, see Burns, above. Isaac's son, Herbert, born in 1899, played three matches for Worcestershire in 1919, and died in 1962.\n\n2ND LT DAVID WRIGHT **JACQUES** (The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), who died of wounds on December 1, aged 19, was in the Eleven at Gresham's School, Holt, in Norfolk.\n\n2ND LT DONALD CROFT **JAMES** (Gloucs Regt), killed on July 20, aged 19, was in the Clifton Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\nCAPT AND ADJT ERIC GWYNNE **JAMES** , DSO (Shropshire Light Infantry) died on October 15 of wounds received on September 17, aged 23. He was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1911 and 1912...\n\n*PTE PERCY **JEEVES** (Royal Warwicks Regt) was killed on July 22, England losing a cricketer of whom very high hopes had been entertained. Jeeves was born at Earlsheaton, in Yorkshire, on March 5, 1888. He played his first serious cricket for the Goole CC, and became a professional at Hawes. He took part in Yorkshire trial matches in 1910, but presumably failed to attract much attention. Soon afterwards he went to live in Warwickshire, playing for that county, when not fully qualified, against the Australians and South Africans in 1912. No special success rewarded him in those matches, but in 1913 he did brilliant work for Warwickshire, both as bowler and batsman, and firmly established his position. He took 106 wickets in first-class matches that season at a cost of 20.88 each, and scored 765 runs with an average of 20.13. In 1914 he held his own as a bowler, taking 90 wickets in first-class matches, but in batting he was less successful than before. He was chosen for Players against Gentlemen at The Oval, and by his fine bowling helped the Players to win the match, sending down in the Gentlemen's second innings 15 overs for 44 runs and four wickets. Mr P. F. Warner was greatly impressed and predicted that Jeeves would be an England bowler in the near future. Within a month war had been declared. Jeeves was a right-handed bowler on the quick side of medium pace, and with an easy action came off the ground with plenty of spin. He was very popular among his brother players.\n\n_Percy Jeeves_\n\nP. G. Wodehouse was impressed by his demeanour when he saw Jeeves playing in a county match at Cheltenham in 1913 and took the name for Bertie Wooster's valet \u2013 a character of immaculate conduct and appearance \u2013 when the pair made their debut in a short story of 1915. _The Real Jeeves_ (2013) by Brian Halford tells the full story of the cricketer who was described in _Wisden 1915_ as \"perhaps one of the great bowlers of the future\".\n\nCAPT EDGAR KYNNERSLEY **JENKINS** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), who died of wounds on September 23, aged 25, was a well-known regimental cricketer.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE REGINALD **JENNER** (East Yorks Regt), killed on August 2, aged 18, was the Ardingly wicketkeeper in 1914 and 1915.\n\nCAPT LANCELOT SHADWELL **JENNINGS** (Otago Regt, NZEF), killed on September 15, aged 28, was in the Eleven both at Nelson College and Canterbury University College.\n\nA science master before he enlisted, he was posthumously MiD: \"During the six months before his death he continually showed initiative and daring when in the line east of Armentieres...\"\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR **JESSON** (Beds Regt), born on November 14, 1888, fell in action on November 16. He was well known in West Surrey cricket, especially in the Godalming district. He was captain of the Witley CC.\n\n2ND LT DUDLEY MARK HAYWARD **JEWELL** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on January 20, aged 22, was in the Felsted Eleven in 1910, when he was second in the averages with 22.81. Subsequently he played for the Gentlemen of Surrey and Young Surrey Amateurs.\n\nIn 1914 he was farming in Worcestershire where he was a member of the Worcestershire Gentlemen CC. At the time of his death he was attached to the Royal Engineers for duty at listening posts near Givenchy; in an attempt to rescue men who had been overcome by mine gas, he himself was fatally gassed. His brother, Edward Herbert, died on May 16, 1916, aged 21. Both men are listed on the Worcestershire CCC war memorial.\n\nPTE BERNARD ANGUS **JOHNSON** (The Buffs: East Kent Regt) was killed on January 21, aged 31. He was in the Uppingham Eleven in 1903 and 1904...\n\nCAPT FREDERICK JOHN LAWRIE **JOHNSTONE** , MC (King's Royal Rifles) died on August 29, aged 21, of wounds received nine days before. He was in the Eton Eleven in 1913 and 1914, performing well all-round... In his second season he was chosen for the Lord's Schools against The Rest, at Lord's.\n\nHe enlisted instead of taking up his place at Christ Church, Oxford. He was awarded the MC \"for conspicuous gallantry in action. During heavy fighting he assumed command of two other companies as well as his own, organised a successful counter-attack, kept up the supply of ammunition and bombs, and did fine work generally.\"\n\nLT DAVID WILLIAM LLEWELLYN **JONES** (London Regt), who died of wounds on July 1, aged 21, was in the Bradfield Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\nLT-COL FRANK AUBREY **JONES** , CMG, DSO (Commanding South African Infantry), born in 1873, fell in action on July 11. He was associated with the old Lansdown CC, for which he scored well, chiefly by hard hitting. He served in the South African War.\n\n2ND LT JOHN VICTOR **JONES** (Dorset Regt), who was killed on July 14, was in the Eleven at King's School, Bruton, in 1913 and 1914...\n\nPTE THOMAS ALFRED **JONES** (16 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Newtown, Montgomeryshire, on March 8, 1892, died of wounds on September 14. He played for the New Westminster CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\nLT NORMAN ROY MACK **JOST** [see MACK JOST]\n\n2ND LT ERIC GORDON **JOYCE** (Suffolk Regt), killed on October 30, aged 19, was in the Framlingham Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM SPENCER **JUDGE** (RFA), who died of wounds on July 26, aged 20, was in the Rugby Eleven in 1914...\n\n2ND LT ROBERT NAISMITH **KEAY** (Black Watch), who died of wounds on November 30, aged 20, played for Perthshire.\n\n*2ND LT HENRY DAVID **KEIGWIN** (Lancs Fusiliers), born in Essex in 1881, fell in action on September 20. After playing successfully in St Paul's Eleven in 1899 and 1900, he proceeded to Cambridge but did not obtain his Blue. For Peterhouse, however, he made many excellent scores, and in 1901 and again in 1904 made over 1,000 runs by the end of May. On the Amalgamation ground on April 26, 1904, he scored 140 not out and his brother, Mr R. P. Keigwin, 124 not out for Peterhouse v Fitzwilliam Hall, the pair making 318 together for the first wicket without being parted. Nine days later, on the same ground, the same pair scored 244 without being separated for Peterhouse v Trinity Hall after the latter had declared with five wickets down for 242, H. D. making 160 not out and R. P. 72 not out. Mr H. D. played a few times for Essex, and (whilst Director of Music at Glenalmond) appeared in representative matches for Scotland, and assisted the Grange CC. At The Oval in 1906 he scored 77 and 27 for Gentlemen of England v Surrey. Later he settled in Bulawayo. He had many strokes, and was a useful left-hand medium-paced bowler.\n\nHe returned from Rhodesia in January 1916 to join up. His younger brother, Richard Prescott, who also played for Essex, lived to be 89. Another brother, Herbert Stanley, played eight fc matches, including two for Rhodesia in March 1910 against H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI; all three played for Cambridge University.\n\n*SGT DAVID **KENNEDY** (Highland Light Infantry), killed July 1, aged 25. Uddington CC (of Scotland). { _W1918_ }\n\n_Wisden 1918_ wrongly listed his death as March 1917. He played for Scotland v Ireland at Dublin in July 1914.\n\nCAPT STANLEY **KENWORTHY** (Manchester Regt), killed on July 1, aged 32, played in succession for St Bees, Queen's College (Oxford) and Edinburgh Nomads. He was an assistant master at Merchiston.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK BERTRAM **KEY** (Royal Warwicks Regt), who fell in action on July 1, aged 27, played for Lichfield Grammar School and the Lichfield CC.\n\nMAJOR GUY EGERTON **KIDD** (Royal Artillery), killed on September 26, aged 33, played for the Royal Military Academy in 1901 and in the Royal Artillery XI. He was awarded the DSO.\n\n2ND LT JOHN **KILBY** (Gloucs Regt attd to Trench Mortar Battery) died of wounds on August 21, aged 27. He was a useful cricketer and played for Bristol and District Association.\n\nCAPT CHARLES EUSTACE DICKSON **KING** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), killed on October 11, aged 28, was in the Wellington College Eleven in 1904 and 1905... Subsequently he played at Sandhurst and in much military cricket. He was awarded the Military Cross and three times was mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT LEONARD **KINGDON** (Worcs Regt and Royal Flying Corps), the wicketkeeper of the Bishop Stortford CC [sic], was killed on January 12, aged 25.\n\nHe was piloting a plane on a reconnaissance mission near the France\/Belgium border which was shot down; his observer was severely wounded and taken prisoner of war.\n\nTHE REV ROBERT MANSEL **KIRWAN** , born in 1861, died in the 2nd London Military Hospital on May 23, aged 55. He played for Forest School in 1878 and two following years, for Keble College, Oxford, in 1884 and 1885, and the Incogniti, and had been a member of the MCC since 1906. He was a steady batsman, a useful bowler and a good field. He had served as Chaplain with the Indian Expeditionary Force to Mesopotamia, had been invalided home and died after a severe operation.\n\nCAPT ERNEST HAROLD **KITCHIN** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed on October 22, aged 36, was in the Bradfield Eleven in 1898 and 1899.\n\nCAPT ALEC TAIT **KNIGHT** [see TAIT-KNIGHT]\n\nPTE ARTHUR R. **KNOTT** (Canadian Infantry), born at Manchester, April 16, 1878; killed April 28. Hillhurst CC of Calgary. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT ANDREW BROOKS **KNOWLES** (Reserve of Officers attached to Indian Cavalry), killed on June 11, aged 31, was in the Dulwich College Eleven in 1903 and 1904...\n\nHe is one of 29 WW1 casualties buried in the European Cemetery at Tanga, which is a port halfway between Mombasa and Dar-es-Salaam. Tanganyika was the core of German East Africa, and Tanga was eventually occupied by Commonwealth naval and military forces on July 7, 1916.\n\nLT ROBERT MACLEOD **LAING** (Cameronians, Scottish Rifles) was killed on July 20, aged 23. He was captain of the Dollar Academy Eleven in 1910, and had played for Clackmannan County. He had received the Military Cross.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR DONALD **LAIRD** (Highland Light Infantry), who fell in action on July 1, aged 26, played in succession for Glasgow Academy, West of Scotland, and Glasgow Academicals. He had been wounded in January, 1916.\n\nLT JOHN **LAITHWAITE** (Manchester Regt), killed on February 22, aged 22, had been in the Denstone XI.\n\nLT CHARLES **LAKIN** (Oxon and Bucks Light Infantry), died of wounds, August 21, aged 27. St Catherine's College (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT PERCY **LANCASTER** (King's Liverpool Regt) fell in action on September 15. He played for the Old Rossallians and Birkenhead Park CC.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS ERWIN **LANCASTER** (Seaforth Highlanders), killed on July 1, aged 18, was in the Highgate School Eleven.\n\nLT ALBERT WILLIAM **LANE-JOYNT** (Dorset Regt, attd to Machine Gun Corps) was killed on February 26, aged 18. He played in the Radley Eleven in 1913... and also for Surrey Club and Ground. In 1914 he edited a publication on Public School Cricket during 1913.\n\n_The Public School Cricket Year Book 1914_ had contributions from E. G. Wynyard, A. C. M. Croome, A. Podmore and A. W. F. Rutty.\n\nLT LAURENCE **LANGDON** (Hants Regt attd to Middlesex Regt) died of wounds on March 14, aged 41. He played much club cricket, especially for Hampshire Hogs and Southampton Trojans.\n\nCAPT SAMUEL EUSTACE BLYTHE **LAVILLE** (Leinster Regt), killed on August 18, was in the Bedford Grammar School Eleven in 1912... Later he played much in military cricket.\n\nNot Saville as in _Wisden_.\n\n2ND LT JOSEPH REGINALD MARK **LAWRENCE** (East Surrey Regt), born at Alexandria, was killed on August 16, aged 21. A sound batsman, he was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1912 and 1913... At Cambridge he played in the Pembroke Eleven.\n\nLT FRANCIS PAUL HAMILTON **LAYTON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Truro, Nova Scotia, April 13, 1888; killed July 24, 1916. Lynn Valley CC, of British Columbia. All-round player. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT DALLAS GERARD **LE DOUX VEITCH** (Royal Sussex Regt), killed on August 4, aged 19, was in the Westminster Eleven in 1912 and two following years. In 1914, when he was captain and headed the averages with 46.92, he made 118 v Radley and 105 v Free Foresters and played at Lord's for The Rest v Lord's Schools.\n\nThe surname is Le Doux Veitch. In _Wisden_ schools cricket reports he is listed as D. G. Veitch and in the obituary under Veitch.\n\n_Dallas Veitch's name heads the board in the pavilion at Vincent Square, Westminster, when he captained the school eleven. Three teammates also fell and have obituaries: Charlton (1917), Furze (1917) and Longton (1915)_\n\nPTE ROBERT **LEE** (Middlesex Regt), killed on November 18, aged 33, was a very useful all-round cricketer and more than once headed both batting and bowling averages of the Witley CC, of Surrey.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE FRASER **LEITCH** (Cameronians, Scottish Rifles) was killed on April 26, aged 23. He played for the Clydesdale CC.\n\nCAPT EDWARD HERBERT CHARLES **LE MARCHANT** (Hants Regt), who died of wounds on October 29, aged 22, was in the Harrow Eleven in 1913...\n\nLT GRAHAM LAWSON **LEWIS** (Lancs Fusiliers) died of wounds on July 9, aged 24. For two successive years at Lord's he was twelfth man for Harrow.\n\nLT-COL HAROLD **LEWIS** (Indian Cavalry attd to Manchester Regt) was born in 1880 and fell in action on July 1. He played a few times for Uppingham in 1897, but was not a recognised member of the Eleven.\n\nMiD twice.\n\n2ND LT JOHN YOUNG ALEXANDER **LINE** (North Staffs Regt), who died of wounds on March 13, aged 20, was in the Oundle Eleven in 1914.\n\nLT HAROLD **LOMAS** (Manchester Regt), born near Manchester on September 14, 1875, was killed on July 1, aged 40. He played for the Wimbledon CC from 1898 to 1900, and after going to the United States in 1900 played for the Baltimore CC for several years and, in 1912, occasionally for Richmond County (NY). He made four hundreds for Baltimore, his highest score being 114 v Moorestown in 1906.\n\nMAJOR STEWART WALTER **LOUDOUN-SHAND** , VC (Yorks Regt), born on October 8, 1879, was killed on July 1. Whilst at Dulwich he was in the third eleven, and later he played in many parts of the world. He took part in the South African War. Last March he was wounded, and on the day he fell gained the Victoria Cross.\n\n_LG_ of September 8, 1916, records: \"For most conspicuous bravery. When his company attempted to climb over the parapet to attack the enemy's trenches, they were met by very fierce machine-gun fire, which temporarily stopped their progress. Major Loudoun-Shand immediately leapt on the parapet, helped the men over it, and encouraged them in every way until he fell mortally wounded. Even then he insisted on being propped up in the trench, and went on encouraging the non-commissioned officers and men until he died.\" Nine men won VCs on the first day of the Battle of the Somme, of whom only three survived. Loudoun-Shand's B company of the 10th Yorkshires went into action with five officers and 117 men; one officer and 27 men returned.\n\n2ND LT JOHN ANTHONY **LOVELL** (Life Guards), member of the well-known Metropolitan cricket family, fell in action on January 22, aged 29. He was an international hockey player.\n\nSee his brother, below.\n\nL\/CPL LEONARD **LOVELL** (Canadian Infantry), born in Surrey on February 1, 1882, fell in action on July 10. He was brother of the above-mentioned, and played for the Calgary CC, of Alberta.\n\nLT WILLIAM HERBERT **LUCAS** (North Staffs Regt) born on September 25, 1890, died of wounds on January 21. He was in the second eleven at Dover College in 1908, and played later for Sheffield Collegiate and Dronfield in Yorkshire.\n\n*L\/CPL FRANK LESLIE **LUGTON** (Australian Infantry), killed July 29, aged 22. Northcote CC, of Melbourne; for Victoria v Tasmania, at Launceston in March 1914 he scored 94 not out and 20. For Victoria that season his batting figures gave him an aggregate of 218 runs and an average of 31; and he took nine wickets for 34.11 runs each. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe played five matches for Victoria in 1914.\n\nLT CECIL HENRY GOSSETT **LUSHINGTON** (Worcs Regt) was killed on July 3, aged 31. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Haileybury, but later assisted the Gentlemen of Worcestershire.\n\nCAPT GUYE WELLESLEY **LUSHINGTON** (Royal Marines) died on active service at the Convalescent Officers' Home, Osborne, on May 8, aged 36. He was a good cricketer, and had been a member of the MCC since 1904.\n\nHe served on HMS _Bellerophon_ ; he is buried in Worthing (Broadwater) Cemetery in Sussex.\n\nTHE REV CECIL WYKEHAM **LYDALL** (Chaplain of HMS _Lion_ ), born on January 9, 1873, was killed in the Naval Battle off Jutland on May 31. He played for Bradfield in 1892.\n\nHMS _Lion_ was badly damaged at Jutland but limped to Rosyth, having lost 99 men with 51 wounded.\n\nLT EDWARD CROZIER **MacBRYAN** (Somerset Light Infantry) was killed on July 1, aged 22. He was in the Oundle Eleven in 1910 and two following seasons, being captain in 1912, and later played for Jesus College, Cambridge, and, in 1913, a little for Wiltshire. He had been wounded in the spring of 1916. He was brother of Mr J. C. W. MacBryan, of Somerset, now a prisoner.\n\nHis brother Jack, who was wounded and taken prisoner at the Battle of Le Cateau on August 26, 1914, played a lot of cricket while interned in Holland. He was a _Wisden_ Cricketer of the Year in 1925 and died in 1983, when he was England's oldest surviving Test cricketer; his single Test in 1924 was ruined by rain and he did not bat or bowl.\n\nMAJOR MURDOCH NISH **MACKAY** (Australian Infantry) fell in action on August 5, aged 25. He made 37 (top score) for XV of Bendigo v England, at Bendigo, in December 1911. He was a member of the well-known Victorian cricketing family of Mackay, being son of Mr George Mackay of Bendigo.\n\nMiD.\n\nLT GORDON KING **MacKENDRICK** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto June 9, 1894; killed October 8. Trinity College School, Port Hope, XI, 1914. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT NORMAN ROY **MACK JOST** (Canadian Infantry) was born in London (England) on August 25, 1895, and fell in action on June 5. He was a member of the Wanderers CC, of Edmonton, Alberta.\n\n_Wisden_ listed him under Jost.\n\nLT JOHN ANSLOW **MADDOCKS** (Royal Warwicks Regt), who fell in action on June 4, aged 19, was in the University College School Eleven in 1912, 1913, and 1914, being captain his last year...\n\nLT AND ADJT HUBERT **MALCOLMSON** (Royal Irish Regt), a Wexford man by birth, died of wounds on September 16, aged 26. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Clifton, but played for Pembroke College, Cambridge.\n\nA Quaker, he died at home and is buried in the Friends Burial Ground at Clonmel, County Tipperary.\n\nLT MAURICE EDWARD **MALONE** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto on April 2, 1895, fell in action on June 3. He was in the Eleven at St Andrew's College, Toronto, in 1912 and 1913.\n\n**CPL WILLIAM HENRY de ROCKSTRO **MALRAISON** (1st South African Horse) died in East Africa on May 31, aged 39. He was born at Wepener, Orange Free State, on December 4, 1876. He played two matches for Transvaal in 1904. He is buried at Dar-es-Salaam War Cemetery in Tanzania (see also Jan Morkel, below).\n\nPTE HENRY REUBEN FREDERICK **MANGIN** (Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry), born at Anglesea, December 28, 1889, died of wounds, March 27. Osborne CC of Montreal. A hard-hitting bat. { _W1918_ }\n\n*L\/CPL ARTHUR **MARSDEN** (Manchester Regt), was born at Buxton on October 28, 1880, and died on July 31 of wounds received near Fricourt. He was captain of Chetham's School, Manchester, and in 1910 played for Derbyshire v Kent at Derby, scoring nought and six. He was associated with the Longsight and Levenshulme clubs.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE FUTVOYE **MARSDEN-SMEDLEY** (Rifle Brigade) was killed in action on August 18, aged 19. A very good all-round player, he was in the Harrow Eleven in 1914 and 1915, in the latter year, when he played an innings of 90 v Household Brigade, being first in the batting averages. Against Eton in 1914 he was unfortunate enough to obtain spectacles. He was a forcing batsman, a keen field, and a useful right-hand medium-paced bowler.\n\nHe went to the front in July 1916 just before his 19th birthday, straight into the Battle of the Somme. His letters describe vividly his 25 days on the battlefield, the last written on August 17, the day before the attack when his battalion was holding the line in front of Trones Wood. In it he thanked his parents for his new identity disc: \"It makes such a difference having a nice chain around one's neck instead of a dirty old bit of string...\" The next afternoon he led his platoon in an attack on Guillemont Station. Having been heavily shelled all day, three companies went forward under a creeping barrage, crossing no-man's land with little loss until they met stiff resistance from the strongpoint around the station. There was a fierce hand-to-hand fight and Marsden-Smedley charged a machine gun which was holding up the company, but after shooting one of the men he was shot and fell on the parapet of the German trench. Despite his new identity disc his body was never found. His father made great efforts to trace him; he pinpointed the spot where his son was last seen and fenced it off while arrangements were made for its purchase. He was upset to hear from CWGC in February 1921 that the post and wire fence had been removed and \"the railway and station buildings in the vicinity are in rapid process of reconstruction and the trenches and shell holes are being filled in and levelled\". But shortly afterwards, he completed the purchase. A small garden was surrounded by a rendered brick wall and an iron gate, and a memorial stone was inscribed:\n\n\"IN MEMORY OF GEORGE FUTVOYE MARSDEN-SMEDLEY OF LEA GREEN, MATLOCK, DERBYSHIRE, 2\/LT 3RD RIFLE BRIGADE AGE 19 WHO FELL IN AN ATTACK ON GUILLEMONT ON AUGUST 18TH 1916 IN THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME, AND LIES NEAR HERE IN AN UNKNOWN GRAVE. LIVELY AND PLEASANT IN LIFE \/ IN DEATH \u2013 SERENE AND UNAFRAID MOST BLESSED IN REMEMBRANCE.\"\n\nMarsden-Smedley's parents and five brothers and sisters all survived into old age, but by 1990, with the last gone, the memorial was in need of attention. Minor repairs were made by members of the Western Front Association, but in 1997 a major refurbishment was carried out on behalf of the family and the former family firm by Christopher Marsden-Smedley, nephew of George Futvoye, with the assistance of the WFA. The stone was cleaned and some of the lettering recut, white chippings were laid, and the wall was rebuilt using bricks and stone copings reminiscent of walls to British cemeteries. John Smedley and Son agreed to act as guardian and a discreet plaque on the wall confirms this. The memorial was rededicated in a ceremony attended by local dignitaries and more than 30 members of the family on July 19, 1997.\n\nLT WALDEMAR SIDNEY **MARSHALL** (Canadian Pioneers), born at Hamilton on February 21, 1887, died of wounds on October 4. For four years, 1898 to 1901, he was in the Eleven at Lake Lodge School (Grimsby, Ontario), being captain his last season, and for three years (1902 to 1904) played for Highfield School, Hamilton, captaining the side in 1904. Later he was associated with the Hamilton CC, and in 1910 was a member of the Toronto Zingari team which visited England; during the tour he scored 455 runs with an average of 26.76, his highest innings being 101 v MCC. In 1911 he played for Canada v United States. He was half-brother of Lt-Col W. R. Marshall, mentioned above.\n\nThe _Highfield Review_ said: 'No one did more to win athletic honours for the School than Waldemar Marshall, who was a cricket genius even in early boyhood, and developed into a distinguished all-round athlete as he grew to manhood. He became an international cricketer and a Tiger football player. He had splendid physique and was so thoroughly good-hearted and unassuming that his comrades were ungrudgingly proud of his great achievements. He was a worthy brother of that gallant and beloved soldier, Colonel W. R. Marshall, DSO, whom we also mourn.'\n\nLT-COL WILLIAM RENWICK **MARSHALL** , DSO (Canadian Infantry), born in Hamilton, Ontario, on March 20, 1875, was killed on May 19. A good wicketkeeper and batsman, he was in the Upper Canada College Eleven in 1887 and 1888, and in 1910 visited England with the Toronto Zingari; during the tour he made 658 runs and was second in the averages with 29.91, his highest score being 155 v Phoenix, in Dublin. For Ontario v P. F. Warner's team in 1898 he made 16 not out and 37, and in 1898 and 1911 played for Canada v United States. He served in the South African War, and in the present War had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nSee his half-brother, above.\n\nCAPT CECIL HAMPSON **MARTIN** (East Lancs Regt) born in 1894, was killed by an aerial dart on October 2. He was in the Blundell's School Eleven in 1912 and was a fair all-round player. He had been wounded in November 1914.\n\nAerial darts were thrown out of aeroplanes in a rain of steel, but the flechettes, as they were also known, were also projected from mortars in ground warfare; Martin was killed in the trenches near Vermelles.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES EDWARD VALENTINE **McMAHON** (Loyal North Lancs Regt), died at St Mark's Hospital, Chelsea, on March 13. He was in the Army over 22 years and played regularly in regimental matches.\n\nHe was buried in Preston (New Hall Lane) Cemetery after a military funeral.\n\nPTE JAMES **McNEILAGE** (Canadian Infantry), born at Glasgow, July 1, 1880; died of wounds, September 26. Lynn Valley CC, of Vancouver (BC). { _W1918_ }\n\nLT AND QUARTERMASTER JOHN BERNARD **McREYNOLDS** (East Yorks Regt), killed on November 12, aged 45, kept wicket for the Scarborough CC.\n\nGNR SYDNEY MERCER **McWHINNEY** (Canadian Artillery), born in London (Ontario) on July 2, 1897, died of wounds at University College Hospital, London (England) on June 15. In 1913 he was a member of the Upper Canada College Eleven.\n\nHe arrived in France in March 1916 with the Trench Mortar Battery. He was wounded at Ypres and died just over three weeks later; his body was returned to Toronto.\n\nLT HAMISH **McWILLIAM** (Black Watch), killed in action on May 29, aged 20, was in the Merchiston Castle Eleven in 1913. He had been wounded at Loos.\n\nLT JOHN JOHNSTONE **MAYBIN** (Royal Scots), who fell in action on July 14, aged 28, played for the Ayr CC and Watsonians. He was an excellent rugby footballer.\n\nLT ALFRED FREDERICK **MAYNARD** (RNVR), killed on November 13, aged 22 \u2013 he had previously been wounded \u2013 played for Durham School and Durham County... At Cambridge he obtained his Blue for rugby football.\n\nHe won three caps for England in 1914.\n\nLT WILLIAM BLANN **MEFF** (Gordon Highlanders), of the Aberdeenshire CC, died of wounds on November 14, aged 26.\n\nLT REGINALD ERNEST **MELLY** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed on July 30, aged 28, was not in the Eleven whilst at Malvern, but proved a useful cricketer in the Coventry district.\n\nCAPT JOHN ALWARTH **MEREWETHER** (Rifle Brigade), killed on September 15, aged 34, was in the Beaumont College and Brasenose College (Oxford) Elevens.\n\n2ND LT CONSTANT CLIFFORD WILLIAM **MEYER** (Lincs Regt) died of wounds on July 3, aged 20. He had been a member of the Beaumont College Eleven.\n\nCLERK GEOFFREY FRANCOIS **MIEVILLE** , lost in HMS _Queen Mary_ on May 31, aged 20, was in the Eleven at the Haberdashers' School.\n\nThe battlecruiser was sunk at the Battle of Jutland with the loss of 1,266 men; seven were wounded and two taken prisoner.\n\n2ND LT ALLAN OSWALD **MILES** (Gloucs Regt), killed on June 30, aged 27, was in the Lancing Eleven in 1907 and 1908. He was very useful both as batsman and wicketkeeper.\n\nA schoolmaster before the war, he was shot through the head while tending to a wounded man on the eve of the Battle of the Somme.\n\n2ND LT HENRY ROBERT **MILES** (Connaught Rangers), killed on July 18, aged 48, was in the Shrewsbury Eleven in 1884 and 1885... At Cambridge he played in the Freshmen's match of 1886 and was in the Pembroke Eleven, but did not obtain his Blue...\n\nCAPT STANLEY GEMMELL **MILLAR** (Machine-Gun Corps) was killed on July 2, aged 29. He played in turn for Loretto, Ferguslie and West of Scotland. At hockey he was an international for Scotland.\n\n2ND LT STEWART ALEXANDER **MILLER-HALLETT** (South Wales Borderers) fell in action on July 11, aged 25. He was in the Rugby Eleven in 1908 and 1909... He had been a member of the MCC since 1911.\n\nCAPT JOHN RICHARD **MILLIGAN** (Indian Army Reserve of Officers, attached 55th Rifles), previously reported wounded and missing, has been presumed killed on March 8. He was in the Edinburgh Academy XI from 1906 to 1908. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was killed in action at Dujaila Redoubt, Mesopotamia, aged 27, and is named on the Basra Memorial. A brother, James Henry, who was in the Edinburgh Academy XI in 1903, was killed on September 25, 1915, aged 29.\n\nCPL ARNOLD EDGAR **MILLS** (NZEF), who was killed on July 7, aged 26, was for some years a well-known player in senior cricket in Auckland.\n\n**2ND LT CHARLES WILLIAM RORICH **MINNAAR** (3 Bn, East Lancs Regt) died near Beaumont Hamel on November 16, aged 34. He was born in August 1882 at Wepener, Orange Free State. His single fc match was for Western Province against MCC at Newlands, Cape Town, in March 1914 when he took five wickets; opening the bowling, in the first innings he took four for 95, his victims being Hearne, Mead, Douglas and Woolley, whom he also dismissed in the second innings. A team-mate in this game was R. H. M. Hands (qv 1918).\n\nPTE RICHARD ARTHUR **MITCHELL** (Canadian Army Medical Corps: Machine-Gun Section), born at Kingston (Ont), June 8, 1894; killed September 15. Trinity College School XI, Port Hope. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe went forward to tend to an officer and corporal but found them both dead; on his way back he was shot by a sniper's bullet.\n\nLT LIONEL WESTWOOD **MOBBERLEY** (London Regt), killed on September 11, aged 22, played for the Hampstead Nomads. He gained the Military Cross, had been mentioned in Despatches, and been wounded twice.\n\n*2ND LT LEONARD JAMES **MOON** (Devon Regt), born in London on February 9, 1878, died of wounds on November 23. He was in the Westminster Eleven in 1894 and two following seasons... Proceeding to Cambridge, he obtained his Blue and both in 1899 and 1900 played against Oxford. In the former year, when he scored 138 v the Australians, he was second in the averages with 28.07, and in the latter fifth with 27.09. In his two matches against Oxford he made 154 runs in four innings, and in 1900 (when his scores were 58 and 60) scored 101 for the first wicket in the second innings with J. Stanning (60). In 1898 he had become a member of the MCC and in the following season began to play for Middlesex. Against Gloucestershire at Lord's in 1903 he and P. F. Warner made 248 together for the first wicket, and five years later the same pair scored 212 for the opening partnership v Sussex on the same ground. In the autumn of 1905 he was second in the averages for the MCC's team in America with 33.00, and before the next season opened toured South Africa with another MCC side. During the latter tour he made 826 runs with an average of 27.33. He was a vigorous batsman who could cut well, and a useful wicketkeeper. At Association football he gained high honours, obtaining his Blue for Cambridge and playing for the Corinthians.\n\nMoon shot himself, according to Rob Cavallini in _Play up Corinth: A History of Corinthian Football Club_ (2007). He wrote that Moon's problems began in August 1916 when some of his men accused him of acting in a cowardly, or at any rate in an over-excited, manner. This was proved to have been unfounded after an investigation. Moon was suffering from depression or melancholia. Having been seen laughing and joking in the mess the day prior to his death, he took his life with a single pistol shot to the head. The report states simply 'Self Inflicted Wounds'.\n\nLT HERBERT EDWARD **MOORE** (Canadian Mounted Rifles), born on October 1, 1896, was killed on October 2. He was in the Trinity College School, Port Hope, Eleven in 1907.\n\nCOL ARTHUR HENRY **MOORHEAD** , MB (Indian Medical Service and Assistant-Director of Medical Services) died at Batheaston, Somerset, on March 1, aged 43, after being invalided home from France. He was educated at George Heriot's School, where he was in the Eleven. He had gained mention in despatches.\n\nHe died of tuberculosis. His name was not added to the CWGC database until September 8, 2011.\n\nLT WALTER CHAPMAN **MORGAN** (Norfolk Regt), killed on July 20, played cricket for King Edward VII's Grammar School, King's Lynn, and Durham University.\n\n2ND LT JOHN GURTH **MORGAN-OWEN** (South Wales Borderers), killed on April 9, aged 32, was captain of the Eleven at Bromsgrove School, and was in the Worcester College team at Oxford. Later he played for the Quilmes CC, of Buenos Aires.\n\nLT NORMAN ARCHIBALD **MORICE** (East Yorks Regt) died of wounds on March 11, aged 22. He was in the Malvern Eleven in 1913...\n\n**PTE JAN ('JACKY) WILLEM HURTER **MORKEL** (Mounted Commandos, South African Forces) died of dysentery in German East Africa on May 15, aged 25. He was born on November 13, 1890. A wicketkeeper-batsman, he played five matches for Transvaal between and 1912 and 1914, with a highest score of 84, and for Transvaal XI against MCC at Boksburg in January 1914. He played in the five Tests of South Africa's rugby union tour of Britain and France in 1912-13, in which his brother Gerhard also took part; he also played as a centre for Western Province. He is buried in Dar-es-Salaam War Cemetery in Tanzania (see also William Malraison, above).\n\nLT-COL JAMES **MORTIMER** , CMG (Yorks Regt), killed on September 15, aged 45, was captain of the Driffield Town XI.\n\nHe first enlisted as a private soldier in 1888 and rose to command a company during the Boer War.\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS STANLEY **MOTT** (Royal Fusiliers), born on October 11, 1895, died of wounds on July 23. He played for Cranleigh School and Horley.\n\n**LT CLAUDE LUDOVIC HICKMAN **MULCAHY** (South African Infantry) died of wounds at Corbie-sur-Somme, France, on July 11, aged 30. He was born at Little Headington, Oxfordshire, on June 26, 1886. His single fc match was for Natal against Orange Free State at Durban in March 1911. He also played in a two-day match for XV of Northern Natal against MCC at Ladysmith in February 1914. His gravestone in Corbie Communal Cemetery Extension bears the inscription: \"Here lies a splendid soldier, a devoted son.\"\n\n2ND LT JAMES **MURLY-GOTTO** (Royal Engineers), who died of wounds on August 20, aged 27, was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1907... He was mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe went on to Cambridge and was an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers.\n\nLT GEORGE RAMSAY **MURRAY** (Indian Civil Service attd to Lancers, Indian Army), who died of wounds on December 23, aged 36, was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1898 and 1899. He was a very good wicketkeeper and a batsman with sound defence. He did not gain his Blue at Oxford.\n\n**ENGINEER LT-CMDR JOHN MATTHEW **MURRAY** (HMS _Queen Mary_ ) was killed at the Battle of Jutland on May 31, aged 42. He was born at Aberdeen on June 23, 1873, and was educated at Aberdeen Grammar School, Galashiels Academy and Heriot Watt Engineering School. His single fc match was for Royal Navy against Army at Lord's in June 1913. In that year he was appointed to superintend the construction of the battleship _King Edward VII_ and he was appointed to that ship when it was commissioned in 1915. He had served in the Navy for 20 years and was an engineering instructor at Dartmouth Naval College for several terms. He was second in charge of the engine department of the _Queen Mary_ when it went down at Jutland with the loss of 57 officers and 1,209 men.\n\nPTE ARTHUR **MYERS** (Canadian Infantry), born in London February 3, 1886; killed September 26. St Jude's CC, of Winnipeg. { _W1918_ }\n\n*L\/CPL EDWIN BERTRAM **MYERS** (Surrey Rifles), born at Blackheath on July 5, 1888, was killed on September 15. He was a useful all-round cricketer and had been a member of The Oval staff since 1908. He played for the Surrey 2nd XI from 1909 until 1914, and in 1913, when his batting average was 30.33, played an innings of 142 v Yorkshire 2nd XI at The Oval. He was tried occasionally for the county between 1910 and 1914. His highest score in Club and Ground matches was 196 v Honor Oak in 1911.\n\n*CAPT JOHN WILLIAM WASHINGTON **NASON** (Royal Flying Corps), born at Corse Grange, Gloucestershire, on August 4, 1889, was killed on December 26. He was educated at University School, Hastings, and Cambridge, where he obtained his Blue in 1909. As a lad he was regarded as a player of unusual promise, but, although he made some useful scores both for the University and Sussex, it cannot be said that he did as well as was expected. In his two matches against Oxford \u2013 in 1909 and 1910 \u2013 he scored only 32 runs with an average of 10.66. His first appearance for Sussex, against Warwickshire at Hastings in 1906, was marked by a curious incident, for he was allowed to replace Dwyer after that player had bowled five overs, and in his second innings carried out his bat for 53. In 1913 he began to assist Gloucestershire, and in that season played an innings of 139 against Nottinghamshire on the Gloucester ground. This was his highest score in first-class cricket. When playing for University School v Hastings Post Office in 1908, he opened the innings and when he was bowled after batting for half an hour the scoresheet read: J. W. W. Nason b Cox 97; L. Inskipp not out 1; byes 1; total (1 wkt) 99. He obtained all the first 64 runs and hit three sixes and 14 fours.\n\nHe obtained a commission into the Royal Sussex Regt in August 1914 and transferred to the RFC in January 1916; by November he was a Flight Commander, and the next month he was killed in action in his plane near Ypres. He is remembered on a tablet in St Margaret's Church, Corse.\n\nMAJOR URMSTON SHAW **NAYLOR** (Durham Light Infantry attached to Royal Irish Regt) fell in action on September 3, aged 37. He played much regimental cricket in India.\n\nLT ARTHUR HILL **NEALE** (Brahmans) was killed in Mesopotamia on January 21, aged 26. He was in the Eleven at St Columba's College, Rathfarnham, Co Dublin.\n\nMAJOR ARTHUR **NEAME** (RGA), who died at Ightham, in Kent, on March 17, aged 44, was in the Harrow Eleven in 1889...\n\nHe was born at Faversham on August 23, 1871, and after Harrow became a director of the family brewery. He joined the 1st (Kent) RGA Volunteers in 1895 but retired in 1904, and rejoined in October 1914. He died at Bower House, Ightham, from double pneumonia contracted while on service, and was buried at SS Peter and Paul Church, Ospringe, Faversham.\n\nCAPT GERALD TASSEL **NEAME** (East Kent Regt), killed on July 1, aged 31, was in the Cheltenham Eleven in 1900 and 1901...\n\n*CAPT BERNARD PHILIP **NEVILE** (Lincs Regt) fell on February 11, aged 27. He captained Lincolnshire in the Minor Counties Championship Competition and also played for Worcestershire \u2013 in 1913 for both counties. In the second innings of the Seniors' match at Cambridge in 1912 he took four wickets for 27 runs. He obtained his Blue for golf.\n\nCAPT WILFRED PERCY **NEVILL** (East Surrey Regt), born on July 14, 1894, was killed on July 1, aged 21. He was in the Dover College Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\nMen led by \"Billie\" Nevill advanced towards German trenches on the first day of the Battle of the Somme, kicking footballs as they went. He had bought four balls while on leave in London \u2013 one for each of his platoons \u2013 believing it would encourage his men when they finally went over the top. Near the German wire, Nevill ran forward with a grenade in his hand to kick a ball on, and was shot through the head. Two of the footballs were found the next day and returned to England where they are on display in military museums.\n\n**PTE CLAUDE **NEWBERRY** (South African Infantry) died at the Somme on August 1, aged 27. He was born at Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, in 1889. He played in four Test matches for South Africa against England in 1913-14, taking 11 wickets with leg-breaks at an average of 24.36 with a best of four for 72; he also played in 11 matches for Transvaal and one for Transvaal XI with a best of six for 28. A teammate with Transvaal was Henry Stricker (qv 1917). He is buried at Delville Wood Cemetery, Somme.\n\nLT WILLIAM TRAFFORD **NEWTON** (North Staffs Regt), killed on July 1, aged 21, was in the Uppingham Eleven in 1912 and 1913...\n\nPTE GEORGE **NICHOL** (Canadian Engineers), born at Hawick February 6, 1892; killed October 23. Played for the Five C's CC of Victoria (BC). Good bat and wicketkeeper. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT THOMAS EDWARD **NICHOLSON** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed on July 1, aged 25, was a left-handed batsman who played with success for Berwick and in the Border district.\n\nLT HUGH WILSON **NORTON-TAYLOR** (Canadian Infantry), born at Halifax (NS), fell in action on September 16, aged 33. In 1900 he was in the Eleven at Ridley College, Ontario.\n\n_Wisden_ listed him under Taylor.\n\nLT TIMOTHY JOHN ALOYSIUS **O'BRIEN** (RFA) killed on August 7, aged 24, was elder son of Sir T. C. O'Brien, Bart. He was in the Beaumont College Eleven and also played for I Zingari and Free Foresters.\n\nMiD. His father was the oldest surviving England Test cricketer when he died in 1948.\n\nLT FRANCIS ARTHUR JOSEPH **ODDIE** (Middlesex Regt attd Royal Berks Regt) fell in action on October 23, aged 37. He was secretary of the Sussex County CC.\n\nL\/CPL GEORGE **ODDY** (47 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Bradford, died of illness in England on April 17. He was a member of the New Westminster CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe is buried at Bordon Military Cemetery, Hampshire.\n\nCAPT DOUGLAS HILL **O'FLAHERTY** (Royal Irish Rifles), killed on July 1, aged 36, bowled with success for the North of Ireland CC.\n\n2ND LT ALEXANDER **ORMOND** (Manchester Regt), born September 22, 1892, was killed on September 30, aged 26. He was in the Eleven whilst at Wanganui School, New Zealand.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM EDWARD **OSBORNE** (Royal Fusiliers), who died of wounds on September 11, aged 27, was a good all-round cricketer whilst in the Mercers' School Eleven.\n\nLT REGINALD **PALMER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Wingham, in Kent, on August 26, 1880, fell in action on June 9. He was a useful all-round player and was honorary secretary of the Kentish Association CC, of Winnipeg.\n\nLT REGINALD JOHN ALLEN **PALMER** (Wilts Regt) died of wounds on July 22, aged 20. He was a fair batsman and played in the Eleven whilst at Weymouth College.\n\nLT ROBERT EDWARD PYNSENT **PARAMORE** (Devon Regt), killed on July 23, aged 19, was in the Exeter School Eleven in 1912, 1913 and 1914.\n\nPTE GEORGE **PARKER** (Canadian Infantry), born in Yorkshire, January 13, 1893; accidentally killed December 5. St John's CC, of Calgary. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT JOHN HUSKISSON **PARR-DUDLEY** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on July 1, aged 20, was captain of the Eleven whilst at Cranbrook School, Kent.\n\nHis younger brother, Walter (qv), also a 2nd Lt in the Royal Fusiliers, fell on April 5, 1918, aged 19, also at the Somme.\n\nCAPT ERIC KING **PARSONS** (Rifle Brigade), killed on September 15, aged 20, was in the Repton Eleven in 1913 and 1914...\n\nLT ROBERT DENZIL **PATERSON** (The King's Liverpool Regt), killed on October 12, aged 23, played with success for the Rock Ferry CC. He was educated at Birkenhead School and Clare College, Cambridge.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM PATERSON **PATERSON** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), killed on July 30, aged 21, batted with success whilst in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven.\n\nA brother, Robert Sanderson Paterson, had been killed on March 11, 1915, also aged 21. Their father, who was Professor of Divinity at Edinburgh University, dedicated a book of sermons, _In the Day of the Ordeal_ (1917), to his sons.\n\n2ND LT ARCHIBALD FRANCIS CAMPBELL **PAXTON** (Middlesex Regt), killed on July 1, aged 19, was fourth in the Epsom College batting averages in 1914 with 18.30.\n\n2ND LT ANGUS JOHN WILLANS **PEARSON** (Royal Fusiliers attached to Royal Dublin Fusiliers), born at Minnedosa, in Canada, fell in action on July 1, aged 21. In 1911 and three following years he was in the St Paul's Eleven, and, besides being a useful batsman, bowled slow leg-breaks with success.... In 1914 he appeared at Lord's for Rest v Lord's Schools and for Public Schools v MCC. He had also been chosen for Young Amateurs of Middlesex.\n\nLT CHARLES HUGH **PEARSON** (South Staffs Regt), killed on March 18, aged 34, played for Denstone College and the Wolverhampton CC.\n\n2ND LT COLIN NEVILLE **PEEL** (Hants Regt), born at Ferryside, South Wales, August 6, 1886; killed September 3. Public Schools CC, of Vancouver. { _W1918_ }\n\nLT ARTHUR NEVILLE **PEERLESS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Cranbrook, in Kent, on August 22, 1884, was killed on April 29. A useful batsman and smart field, he played for the Winnipeg CC and the Kentish Association CC, of Winnipeg.\n\nCAPT CYRIL POWYS **PENRUDDOCKE** (Royal Sussex Regt), killed September 3, aged 20. Bradfield XI, 1912. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT WILFRED LAWSON **PERKS** (Worcs Regt), was killed on August 24, aged 22. He was a prominent Stourbridge cricketer, and a member of the Eleven which won the Junior Championship of the Birmingham League a few years ago.\n\n2ND LT BERNARD WILLIAM **PIGG** (Worcs Regt), born 1888; killed July 3. Tonbridge School XI, 1904\u201305\u201306\u201307; captain his last year. Trial games at Cambridge \u2013 Freshmen 1908; Seniors 1910 and 1911, scoring 32 and 31 in the latter year. Cambridgeshire XI. Incogniti. Was a good all-round man at Tonbridge. { _W1918_ }\n\nL\/CPL GEORGE THOMAS **PILLOW** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto, December 19, 1885; killed November 19. Rosade and St Albans Clubs, of Toronto. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT ERNEST FREDERICK **PINKHAM** (Canadian Infantry), born on December 11, 1890, fell in action on September 15. He was in the Eleven at Trinity College School, Port Hope, in 1903.\n\nHis father was Bishop of Calgary.\n\nCAPT LIONEL DAVEY **PLUMMER** (Northumberland Fusiliers) was killed on September 15, aged 25. He was in the Eleven at St Bees... In 1913 he was tried for Northumberland. He had been wounded in 1915.\n\nPTE GEORGE **POILE** (Canadian Infantry), born at Tenterden, in Kent, on July 14, 1875, died of wounds in London on May 27. He was a good batsman and bowler and a fine field, and played for the Indian Head CC, of Saskatchewan, and in Winnipeg for a number of years. He was a member of the North Western teams which visited Chicago in 1904 and 1910.\n\n2ND LT BENJAMIN JAMES **POLACK** (Worcs Regt), killed on April 9, aged 26, played in one match for Clifton College in 1909.\n\nHis brother, Ernest Emanuel, was killed three months later on July 17, aged 23; their father, the Rev Joseph Polack, was in charge of the Jewish House at Clifton College. Benjamin is commemorated on the memorial at King's College, Cambridge.\n\n**2ND LT ALBERT ERNEST **PRATT** (Australian Infantry) was killed in action at Fromelles, France, on July 19, aged 23. He was born at Auckland, New Zealand, on April 16, 1893. His single fc match was for Auckland against Hawke's Bay at Napier in March 1913; he opened the bowling in both innings and took five wickets in the match for 55. In 2010, he was given the dignity of an individual grave in the Fromelles (Pheasant Wood) Military Cemetery after his remains were recovered from mass graves and identified by DNA testing. The new cemetery was dedicated exactly 94 years on from the Battle of Fromelles and contains the remains of 250 of those killed, mainly Australian soldiers; at the dedication ceremony, Prince Charles accompanied the gun carriage bearing the coffin of the last soldier to be reburied. In all, 5,533 Australians were killed, wounded or captured, along with 1,547 British casualties, on the evening of July 19, 1916, in a futile attempt to prevent the Germans reinforcing their troops on the Somme.\n\n2ND LT SYDNEY JAMES **PRICE** (Suffolk Regt), killed on September 15, aged 21, had been in the Bishop's Stortford College Eleven.\n\nLT REGINALD ERNEST **PRYCE-JONES** (Canadian Infantry). Born at Perry, Montgomeryshire, October 13, 1896; killed November 18. Calgary CC, of Alberta. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT NORMAN **RAMSAY** (Rifle Brigade), killed on September 3, aged 47, was in the Harrow Eleven in 1887 and 1888. He was a poor bat, but a good medium-paced bowler with an off-break...\n\n2ND LT REGINALD **RAMSBOTTOM** (Royal Fusiliers), of the Bury CC, was killed on July 29, aged 32.\n\n*CAPT CYRIL STANLEY **RATTIGAN** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on November 13, aged 32, was in the Harrow Eleven in 1903 and 1904... At Cambridge he was tried a few times for the University, but did not obtain his Blue; he was, however, a member of the Trinity Eleven. In 1907 he joined the MCC, and he also appeared for the Quidnuncs and Free Foresters.\n\n_Cyril Rattigan_\n\nHis widow Barbara, who had been a Gaiety Girl before their marriage, took their nephew, Terence, born in 1911, to the theatre at the age of six, sparking the future playwright's love of the stage; he also, like his uncle and his father, went on to play for Harrow, and was obituarised in _Wisden 1978_ \u2013 \"He was an elegant strokeplayer, but unsound.\"\n\nLT CHARLES WILLIAM FORBES **RAWLE** (Worcs Regt), born at Lewisham August 27, 1892: killed April 5. Toronto CC and Brantford CC. Had been wounded. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT JOHN **RAYNER** (Middlesex Regt), killed on July 6, aged 20, was in the St Paul's Eleven in 1913 and two following years...\n\nCAPT DANE BARON **REED** (Middlesex Regt), killed on August 18, aged 23, was in the University College School Eleven.\n\nL\/CPL STANLEY OSCAR **REED** (Devon Regt), who died as the result of an accident in camp on April 25, aged 21, was professional to the Torquay CC and also a member of the groundstaff of the Devon County CC at Exeter. He was a useful batsman and did well in county matches. In 1913, when he made 121 v Dorset, at Sherborne, he was first in the averages with 39.58 for 12 innings; in 1914, when he scored 97 v Monmouth at Sidmouth, he was third with 48.00.\n\nFor 97 years, he was Devon's youngest centurymaker, although no-one knew that until Matt Thompson hit 122 against Herefordshire in 2010, aged 18 years and 206 days. Research then revealed the story of Reed, who was one day older when he made his first century in 1913.\n\nMuch of Devon's archive was lost during bombing raids on Exeter during WW2, and there was no definite list of centurymakers, but Harold Shaw, the Devon scorer, set to work collating the 400 or so Minor Counties Championship centuries scored by 98 different batsmen since the county joined the competition in 1901. Shaw said: \"It turned out to be quite an involved job tracking down Stanley Reed's date of birth as we had no clear idea where to start. Eventually, we found an obituary for him in _Wisden_.\" He discovered that Reed was born on January 23, 1895. As well as playing football for Torquay Town, Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City, Reed played 11 times for Devon in 1913 and 1914 with a single century. His last innings for Devon was on August 4, 1914, at Exeter in a ten-wicket win over Cornwall: it was the day war was declared. Reed enlisted in the 11th Devonshire Regiment in December 1915 and was sent to Wareham Battle Camp in Dorset to train before being sent to France. He was promoted to lance-corporal while still undergoing his training. The day after he was awarded his stripe, Reed was killed when a grenade he was about to throw during a training drill exploded in his left hand. He suffered horrific head injuries and died instantly. He was given a full military funeral and his coffin was mounted on a gun carriage at Wareham Barracks and accompanied to the railway station by the regimental band playing Beethoven's \"Death March\". A detachment of soldiers accompanied the body back to Torquay to form a firing party at his graveside.\n\nIn 2010, after learning the story of the man whose record he beat, Matt Thompson paid his respects to Reed by visiting his grave at Torquay Cemetery. He said: \"It is special for me as one Torquay cricketer to have taken such an important record from another. His record stood for 97 years and it makes you feel humble to have succeeded him.\"\n\nCAPT JOHN GARDNER **REID** (Worcs Regt), born in 1890, was killed on September 8. He performed well during the two years he was in the Cheltenham Eleven... He was captain in 1909, and subsequently led the Brasenose Eleven at Oxford.\n\nCAPT RUPERT ALEXIS **RICKETT** (South Lancs Regt), killed on July 9, aged 24, was in the University College Eleven at Nottingham.\n\nCAPT STANLEY JAMES **RILEY** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed on October 12, aged 30, was in the Evesham Grammar School Eleven.\n\n*CAPT FRANCIS BERNARD **ROBERTS** (Rifle Brigade), born at Anjini Hill, near Nasik, India, on May 20, 1882, fell in action on February 8. He was in the Rossall Eleven in 1898 and three following years... In each of these [three] years he took most wickets, and in batting was first in 1899 and second in each of the other seasons. At Cambridge he obtained his Blue for cricket and hockey, and he played against Oxford in 1903, scoring only nought and one and taking six wickets for 153 runs; Oxford won by 268 runs. Earlier in the year, when appearing for Next XVI v First XII, he had played an innings of 71 and obtained eight wickets for 52. Later he assisted Gloucestershire and gained many successes... In 1909, when he played ten innings, he headed the Gloucestershire averages with 40.60 in Championship matches. In the game v Surrey, at Bristol, in 1906, he and Dennett bowled unchanged throughout, the latter taking 15 wickets for 88 runs, including all ten in the first innings for 40. Mr Roberts, who had played occasionally for Oxfordshire, may be summed up as a good batsman and field and a very useful right-handed fast bowler. He always played in glasses. His brother, Mr A. W. Roberts, has also assisted Gloucestershire.\n\nCAPT ERIC ARTHUR **ROBINSON** (Gloucs Regt), who died of wounds on September 10, aged 32, was a member of the Robinson Eleven, of Backwell House, which has so frequently placed an entire eleven in the field. He was a twin son of the late Mr Arthur Robinson, of Bristol.\n\nThe story of the Robinson Eleven is told at www.binson.co.uk\/robinsons\/cricketrobinsons.htm. They first put out a side in 1878, and in 1891 played the Graces. There were no matches after 1914 until 1927; six members of the family had lost their lives in the war.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT JOHN YATE **ROBINSON** , MC (North Staffs Regt), who died of wounds at Roehampton on August 23, aged 31, was in the Radley Eleven in 1904. He was an international hockey player and represented Oxford at that game for four years, being captain in 1909.\n\nHe had been wounded in Mesopotamia in April 1916; the award of the MC was gazetted on February 2. He is buried at Great Malvern Cemetery and commemorated on a memorial in Great Malvern Priory.\n\n2ND LT ESMOND HALLEWELL **ROGERS** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed on July 3, aged 25, was in the Shrewsbury Eleven in 1909 and 1910... At Cambridge he was captain of the Caius College Eleven, and he also played for Warwickshire 2nd XI and the Gentlemen of Worcestershire.\n\nHis father, Sir Hallewell Rogers, was Lord Mayor of Birmingham in 1904 and MP for Birmingham Moseley 1918\u201320.\n\n**L\/CPL HERBERT JAMES **ROGERS** (7 Bn, Seaforth Highlanders) was killed in action at the Somme on October 12, aged 23. He was born at Frimley, Surrey, on March 6, 1893. A left-hand bat and off-break bowler, he played in seven matches for Hampshire from 1912 to 1914, but with little success. An obituary in the _Oxford Times_ (Nov 11, 1916) stated: \"Educated at Bedford House School [Oxford], he adopted cricket as a profession and was qualifying for the Worcestershire Club. He joined the Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry as a private in October 1914, and was gazetted to the 15th Middlesex in June 1915. Invalided out of the Army in October of the same year, he joined the Seaforths the next month and went to France in August last. The death in action of 'Bert' Rogers, writes our sporting correspondent, adds another to the growing list of the North Oxford Cricket Club who have made the great sacrifice in the war. Young Rogers could not very well help being a decent cricketer. His father Peter Rogers [who was groundsman at St John's College] has been one of the main-stays of Oxford cricket for something over 20 years. And if the son's prowess had not fully developed, he yet afforded some evidence that he would not allow the family reputation to suffer. It was some six or eight years ago when he first came to the front as a right-hand leg-break bowler. In local cricket he played havoc with all sorts of batsmen, and on his day was almost unplayable. On such occasions his length and break were remarkable. He attracted the attention of Mr F. H. Bacon, the Hants county secretary, and after being attached for a short time to the county groundstaff he qualified for the southern county and played for three matches for them in 1912. He afterwards qualified for Worcestershire, and in 1914, his last cricket season, he accomplished many excellent performances both with bat and ball. Indeed it has been said that his batting showed remarkable improvement and he bade fair to become an all-round cricketer of merit. A young fellow of splendid physique, quiet habits, and unassuming manner, he was a credit to the profession he had adopted, and genuine regrets will be felt at his early death, though the manner of it is, perhaps, such as he would have desired.\" His name is on the rolls of honour at both Hampshire and Worcestershire CCC, although there is no record of any performances for Worcestershire in 1914; in fact, in August 1914 he played his last three matches for Hampshire. His name is also on the Thiepval Memorial.\n\n2ND LT REGINALD **ROGERS** (Rifle Brigade), born in 1882, fell on September 15. He was in the Malvern Eleven in 1900 and 1901... At Oxford he played in the Freshmen's match of 1902 and obtained his Blue for Association football.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT THOMAS HANDYSIDE BAXTER **RORIE** (Black Watch attd to Gloucs Regt), killed on August 18, aged 41, was the oldest playing member of the Forfarshire CC and a member of the Grange CC.\n\nHe was educated at Dundee High School and Edinburgh University, became a chartered accountant, and was a JP. His name is on a memorial tablet listing 13 members of Forfarshire CC at Forthill sports ground in Broughty Ferry, Dundee; also listed is Capt J. B. Craik (qv), who was killed in 1917.\n\nMAJOR JOHN ALEXANDER **ROSS** , DSO (24 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Kenora (Ontario) on June 17, 1893, was killed on September 17. He was a member of the Trinity College School, Port Hope, Eleven in 1911. He had been mentioned in Despatches. { _W1920_ }\n\nHis date of birth is given elsewhere as October 20, 1893. He was awarded the DSO in 1916 for a dangerous reconnaissance mission he had undertaken.\n\nCAPT JAMES MURRAY **ROUND** (Essex Regt) Military Cross. Wounded three times. Killed November 13, aged 22. Haileybury 2nd XI wicketkeeper. { _W1918_ }\n\nHis brothers Auriol Francis Hay (September 5, 1914, aged 22) and Harold Cecil (August 24, 1917, aged 21) also fell.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM HALDANE **ROUND** (Sherwood Foresters), killed on July 1, aged 23, was in the Eleven at St John's School, Leatherhead, in 1911 and two following years, being captain in 1913.\n\n2ND LT JOSEPH ERIC **RUSSELL** (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), died of wounds, a prisoner of war, November 23, aged 23. Dulwich College XI, 1910; Lloyd's Register CC. A good bowler. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe died in a German field hospital at Grandcourt, France. A brother, Cyril Ernest Shaftesbury, of the RAF, died on March 5, 1919, of pneumonia after influenza.\n\nCAPT JOHN STANLEY **RYAN** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed on June 25, aged 26, was in the Merchant Taylors' Eleven in 1906 and two following years...\n\nLT ROY TESSIER SEAVER **SACHS** (Canadian Infantry), born in London (England) on November 9, 1887, was killed on June 14. He was a member of the Public Schools CC, of Vancouver.\n\nHe was educated at Christ's Hospital. This poem by H. D. Rawnsley appears in _In the Day of Battle, Poems of the Great War_ , selected by Carrie Ellen Holman, Toronto 1916.\n\nIn Memoriam: Lieutenant Roy Tessier Seaver Sachs\n\nQUEEN of the snows, was ever purer heart\n\nThan this thy son's to help of Britain given?\n\nWith fuller sacrifice have any striven\n\nTo play for Europe's peace a warrior's part?\n\nNot from the thoughtless wrangling of the mart\n\nBut from the student's cell uncalled, undriven\n\nHe crossed the seas with one bright star in heaven-\n\nDuty, the pole-star of his patriot chart.\n\nOh! never pipes more sorrowfully played\n\nFor one by life and deed to all endeared\n\nTheir loud lament above a soldier's sleep ;\n\nHere plant the maple, let no stone be reared,\n\nAnd every autumn bid its whispering shade\n\nOf his gold heart a golden memory keep.\n\nby H. D. Rawnsley\n\nCanon Rawnsley, who was one of the founders of the National Trust, was appointed Chaplain to the King in 1912.\n\nCAPT WALTER PETIT **SALT** (Lancs Fusiliers), killed on October 24, aged 39, was in the Shrewsbury Eleven in 1896 and 1897, being a very good wicketkeeper.\n\n2ND LT FRED BORTHWICK **SANDERSON** (RFA), who died of wounds on August 10, aged 27, played for the Grange CC. He was brother of Lieut H. S. Sanderson (qv), whose death [in 1915] was chronicled in the last edition of _Wisden_.\n\nBoth brothers played for the Grange CC.\n\nLT THOMAS BREHAUT **SAUNDERS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto on June 4, 1896, was killed on June 13. He was educated at Trinity College, Port Hope, where he was in the Eleven in 1911 and three following years, being captain in 1913 and 1914. He was a good bowler and forcing bat, and the eldest son of Mr Dyce W. Saunders, the well-known Canadian wicket-keeper who visited England in 1887.\n\nCAPT SAMUEL EUSTACE BLYTHE **SAVILLE** [see LAVILLE]\n\n2ND LT STEWART SPEARING **SCHNEIDER** (Royal Berks Regt), killed on July 1, aged 21, was well-known in mid-Sussex cricket.\n\nHis parents lived at Haywards Heath.\n\nLT JOHN (IAN) ALLAN MACKAY **SCOBIE** , MC (59th Rifles), killed in Mesopotamia on March 8, aged 24, was in the Sandhurst Eleven in 1910, when he took five wickets, made three catches and scored one run against Woolwich. He did not obtain his colours whilst at Haileybury. He gained the Military Cross.\n\nHe had been wounded at Ypres in April 1915 when he won the MC but in December left for Mesopotamia and was killed in the assault on the Dujailah Redoubt. His CO told his parents: \"We had to advance about a mile and a half over open country with very little cover. The regiment was in the firing line, and your son was hit in the body and killed almost instantaneously when he was within about 300 yards of the redoubt. He was leading his men on in the most gallant manner at the time.\"\n\nLT ARTHUR ERNEST MORTIMER **SCOTT** (Royal Fusiliers) was killed on November 7, aged 22. He was in the Eastbourne College Eleven in 1912 and 1913, being a useful all-round cricketer.\n\n2ND LT JOHN GEORGE ALEC **SCOTT** (Lancs Fusiliers), who died of wounds on March 15, aged 26, was captain of the Northampton Saturday CC.\n\nPTE JOHN SHARP **SCRYMGEOUR** (Canadian Infantry), born at Sydenham, Perth (Scotland), on October 18, 1889, was killed on April 19. A useful all-round cricketer, especially as a bowler, he played in succession for Perth Grammar School, Perthshire, and the Young Conservative CC of Winnipeg.\n\nLT-COL COOTE NESBITT **SHANLY** , DSO (Canadian Army Pay Corps), who was born at Toronto in November 1862, died there from exposure in the field on September 7. He was in the Upper Canada College Eleven in 1878, and assistant manager of the Canadian team to England in 1887. { _W1920_ }\n\nLT STEPHEN OSWALD **SHARP** (York and Lancaster Regt), killed on July 1, aged 26, played for Retford Grammar School and Rotherham Town.\n\n*CAPT EDWARD ALFRED **SHAW** (Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry), born in 1892, fell in action on October 7, aged 24. He was in the Marlborough Eleven five years, 1907 to 1911, and captain the last three, being a good batsman and wicketkeeper... At Oxford he obtained his Blue as a Freshman, and played against Cambridge in 1912 and 1914, keeping wicket splendidly to the awkward deliveries of A. J. Evans, Melle and Le Couteur. In the University match of 1914 he played a rousing first innings of 57 not out, putting on 59 runs in 40 minutes for the last wicket with P. H. Davies (13) after nine men had been dismissed for 180. He played occasionally for Buckinghamshire each season from 1908 until 1914, and in his last innings for the county scored 117 v Dorset at Aylesbury. He was a son of the Bishop of Buckingham (an Oxford Blue of 1882) and always played in glasses, which seemed to be no handicap to him.\n\nOne brother, Bernard Henry Gilbert (qv), was killed on December 18, 1914, aged 21; another, Arthur Gilbey, was killed on December 24, 1915, aged 19. There is a stained-glass window in High Wycombe parish church dedicated to the three brothers. A fourth brother, Robert John, born in 1900, served in the Royal Navy in the later stages of WW1 and was awarded the MBE in 1919, played for the Royal Navy and Combined Services, served as a naval captain in WW2 and died in 1995.\n\n_Edward Shaw: one of three sons of the Bishop of Buckingham to die_\n\n2ND LT REX **SHERWELL** (Royal Flying Corps), who lost his life in a flying accident on July 3, aged 18 years and nine months, was in the Tonbridge Eleven in 1913 and two following years, being captain in 1915. He was an excellent batsman, and would undoubtedly have made a name for himself in first-class cricket had he been spared. In 1913, when he was second in the averages with 39.66, he scored 121 v Sherborne; in 1914, when first with 45.28, he made 52 not out against the same side, 139 v MCC and Ground and three and 69 for Lord's Schools v The Rest at Lord's; and in 1915 he obtained 169 v Clifton, 80 and 45 not out v Sherborne and 56 v Haileybury. He was left-handed as a batsman and had many strokes. He was the tenth son of his father, and one of his brothers is Mr Percy Sherwell, a former South African captain.\n\nThe plane he was piloting was brought down on a bombing raid on Cambrai.\n\n*SGT ERNEST **SHORROCKS** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on July 20, aged 41, played in one match for Somerset in 1905 \u2013 v Lancashire, at Taunton \u2013 scoring nought and 16 not out, and taking two wickets for 60 runs. He was a well-known Somerset rugby footballer.\n\nLT JOHN FRITH **SIDEBOTHAM** (Shrops Light Infantry), killed on February 13, aged 24, was in the Shrewsbury Eleven in 1909, when he headed the bowling averages by taking 16 wickets for 19.37 runs each. At Oxford he was captain of lacrosse.\n\nHis brother Gerald was killed in March 1918, aged 25.\n\n2ND LT JOHN WITHERINGTON **SIDLEY** (RFA), born on September 22, 1896, died of wounds on August 2. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Hurstpierpoint, but was first in throwing the cricket ball at the College Sports two years in succession.\n\n**PTE DONALD McINTOSH **SINCLAIR** (Black Watch) was killed in action at Glatz Redoubt, Trones Wood, France on July 13, aged 37. He was born at Cape Town on September 3, 1878. A right-hand bat and right-arm medium-pace bowler, he played two matches for Transvaal in January 1904 and March 1905. His brother Jimmy represented South Africa at cricket, rugby union and soccer; he died in 1913.\n\n2ND LT CLAUDE MANNERING **SKOTTOWE** (South Lancs Regt), killed October 21, aged 18. Forest School XI, 1913\u201314\u201315... { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT LANCELOT ANDREW NOEL **SLOCOCK** (Liverpool Regt), born at Wootton Wawen Vicarage (Warwickshire), December 25, 1886; killed August 9. Marlborough College XI, 1904. Football International. { _W1918_ }\n\nHe won eight rugby caps for England 1907\u201308.\n\n2ND LT JOHN **SMETHURST** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed on September 16, aged 25, was Secretary of the Oxton CC and a useful player.\n\nHe was educated at Birkenhead School and Rugby, and joined the Liverpool Regt as a private on the outbreak of war, subsequently being promoted to quartermaster-sergeant and later being granted a commission. He is one of eight officers of 12 Bn commemorated on a Battle of the Somme memorial cross at St Peter's Church, Formby, Lancashire; others include K. L. Hutchings (qv) and G. E. Thompson (qv).\n\nCAPT DUNCAN GALLOWAY **SMITH** (Royal Engineers), who died of wounds on June 26, aged 26, was in the Sherborne Eleven in 1908 and 1909... He had played football for Somerset.\n\n2ND LT WILLOUGHBY WELLARD **SMITH** (Manchester Regt), killed in action on July 9, aged 21, was in the Rugby Eleven in 1912 and 1913... He was a fast bowler.\n\nCAPT BRUCE SWINTON **SMITH-MASTERS** , MC (Essex Regt), born in 1892, was killed on July 1, aged 24. At Haileybury he was in the second eleven, and subsequently he played in Regimental cricket and for the Band of Brothers. He had been wounded twice and been awarded the Military Cross.\n\nHis brother George Arthur was killed on August 19, 1915, aged 20; their father was vicar of South Banbury, Oxfordshire.\n\nLT CHRISTOPHER **SNELL** (Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regt), died of wounds at Guy's Hospital on July 14, aged 21. He was in the Mill Hill School Eleven in 1910 and two following years...\n\nHe went on to Wadham College, Oxford.\n\nLT FITZROY AUBREY **SOMERSET** , MC (Cheshire Regt), born on December 21, 1892, fell in action on July 7. He was an excellent fieldsman and a good batsman, and played for the Southgate and Littlehampton Club. He was the second son of Mr A. F. Somerset, of Sussex, and had been wounded and awarded the Military Cross.\n\nMAJOR GORDON HAMILTON **SOUTHAM** (Canadian Field Artillery), born at Hamilton, February 7, 1886, fell in action on October 15. He was in the Eleven both at Upper Canada College and Toronto University, and in 1910 visited England as captain of the Toronto Zingari team. During the tour he made 640 runs, being third in the averages with 27.82. In 1908 he was a member of the Toronto Zingari team which visited Philadelphia, and during the trip he made 95 v Germantown and 78 v All Philadelphia.\n\nLT ERIC CLAUDE **SPEDDING** (Otago Regt, NZEF), who died of wounds on October 7, aged 20, was captain of the Otago High School Eleven in 1914. He also played for the Carisbrook CC, of Dunedin.\n\nCAPT THOMAS COLEGRAVE **STAFFORD** (Yorks Regt) died at Ahmednagar, India, on April 2, as the result of a riding accident. He had played a few times for Surrey 2nd XI, and belonged to the Wanderers and the Sutton CC.\n\nHe served with the 1st Garrison battalion, which was raised at Pontefract in October 1915 and comprised men who were medically rejected for service in fighting units but who were fit for garrison duty on foreign service. He had already been in India as he played for Calcutta v Europeans in a two-day match starting on Christmas Day 1913.\n\nCAPT LESLIE JAMES DENMAN **STANDEN** (Lincs Regt), killed on March 18, aged 20, was in the Eleven at St Edward's School, Oxford.\n\nHe went on to Christ's College, Cambridge.\n\nCPL CHARLES DISNEY PENDER **STEIN** (Canadian Engineers), born at Shipston-on Stour, Worcs, October 4, 1890; killed May 24. Lynn Valley CC of British Columbia. { _W1918_ }\n\nMAJOR HERBERT WILSON **STENHOUSE** , DSO (The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), killed on June 26, aged 36, was in the Queen's Regimental Eleven.\n\nLT CYRIL SEYMOUR **STEPHENSON** (Queen's Royal Lancers), born at Colorado Springs, November 26, 1880; died of wounds, December 6. In neither XI while at Eton and Magdalen College (Ox). Played for New York v Gentlemen of Ireland in 1909. Highest score 102 for Fort Washington v SS _Lusitania_ in 1909, when he and J. H. Gordon (108) made 198 for the first wicket. A stylish bat. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT ROBERT DENNISTOUN **STEVENSON** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), killed on May 16, aged 20, was in the Edinburgh Academy Eleven in 1912 and 1913.\n\nPTE JAMES **STONER** (Royal Sussex Regt), who died of wounds on October 31, aged 29, had made his mark in Eastbourne cricket.\n\nMAJOR HENEAGE FRANK **STOPFORD** (RFA), born in July, 1877, was killed on September 15, aged 39. He was in the Royal Military Academy Eleven, Woolwich, in 1895 and 1896, being captain the latter year, when he was second to A. J. Turner in the batting averages with 20.18. Later he played for the Royal Artillery, Woolwich Garrison, Free Foresters and MCC, of which he had been a member since 1911.\n\nHe also played for Bradfield College in 1893\u201394.\n\nLT-COL JOHN COLLIER **STORMONTH-DARLING** , DSO (Cameronians attached to Highland Light Infantry), born in 1879, was killed on November 1, aged 37. He played cricket for the Battalion. He had been awarded the DSO and twice mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe served in the South African War and was MiD. His DSO was gazetted on February 18, 1915.\n\nLT-COL MONTAGUE BRUCE **STOW** (East Yorks Regt), who died of wounds on July 2, aged 32, was in the Repton Eleven in 1901...\n\nHe served in India and Burma and in 1913 was ADC to the Governor of Bengal. He was MiD ( _LG_ , June 3, 1916) a month before his death at the Somme.\n\nSGT ALICK **STOWELL** (Canadian Infantry), killed on September 15, aged 24, was in the Ardingly Eleven in 1909...\n\nLT HUBERT WILLIAM **STRATHAIRN** (Black Watch), died of wounds, November 16, aged 33. Played for Edinburgh Institution Former Pupils in 1911\u201312\u201313. { _W1918_ }\n\nHis name is on the war memorial at Crieff, Perthshire.\n\nMAJOR EDMUND ROCHFORT **STREET** , DSO (Notts and Derbys Regt), born in London (Canada), May 20, 1876; died of wounds, October 15. Guelph CC of Canada. { _W1918_ }\n\n*LT FRANK **STREET** (Royal Fusiliers), killed on July 7, aged 46, was in the Westminster Eleven in 1888 and 1889... In the latter year it was said of him: \"A good bat, with an extremely pretty style, and a steady bowler.\" At Oxford he obtained his Blue for Association football, but not for cricket. Later he played with success for Essex, and in 1899, when he averaged 30.66, scored 76 v Leicestershire at Leicester and 60 v Hampshire at Southampton.\n\nHis nine games for Essex in 1898 and 1899 were while he was a master at Forest School. When he volunteered to serve, although over age, he was a housemaster at Uppingham School; he was killed by a sniper's bullet in the first week of the Somme.\n\nLT-COL FREDERICK WILLIAM **STRINGER** (Army Service Corps: Assistant-Director of Transport, General Staff, War Office), was born at New Romney in 1873 and died of heart failure after an operation in London on June 30, aged 43. He had been a member of the Army Service Corps Eleven.\n\nAn obituary in the _Kentish Express_ stated: \"He served in the Transport Directorate at the War Office with untiring energy and devotion to duty until within a few days of his death.\" His name was added to the CWGC Debt of Honour database on December 15, 2009.\n\n**L\/SGT LEONARD CECIL LEICESTER **SUTTON** (4th Canadian Mounted Rifles) was killed in action at Zillebeke, France, on June 3, aged 26. He was born on April 14, 1890, at Half Way Tree, Kingston, Jamaica, and was educated at King's School, Bruton. A middle-order left-hand bat, he played 17 matches for Somerset from 1909 to 1912; he hit his highest score of 30 in his first match, against Hampshire at Southampton, having been selected while still at school. He was awaiting a commission at the time of his death.\n\n**SGT JAMES STEWART **SWALLOW** (South African Horse) died on November 17, aged 38. Reference books give the place of death as Cape Town, but it was more likely to have been in German East Africa as he is buried in Morogoro Cemetery, Tanzania (see Driver, above). He was born at Uitenhage, Cape Province, in 1878, and educated at Bedford Grammar School. He played three matches for Border in March 1907 and March 1909.\n\nCAPT OLIVER JOHN **SYKES** (RGA), who died of wounds on October 17, aged 41, played for Brasenose College (Oxford) from 1894 until 1897 and for Madras Presidency in 1903.\n\nCAPT ALEC **TAIT-KNIGHT** (Durham Light Infantry) died on October 27 of wounds received two days before, aged 34. He was in the Mill Hill School Eleven in 1899 and 1900, in the latter year being first in batting and second in bowling. At Oxford he played in the Magdalen Eleven, but did not obtain his Blue. Later he appeared for the Incogniti.\n\n_Wisden_ omitted the hyphen in his surname and listed him under Knight.\n\nPTE HAROLD VERNON **TATTERSALL** (Dragoon Guards), born at Littleborough (Lancashire) on September 27, 1891, was killed on February 10. He was a useful batsman and bowler, and played for the Manhattan CC of New York.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR FREDERICK **TAVERNER** (Shrops Light Infantry), who died of wounds on October 11, aged 19, was in the Oakham School Eleven in 1915.\n\n2ND LT ALBERT CECIL **TAYLOR** (Suffolk Regt), who was killed on July 20, aged 28, was in the Haileybury Eleven in 1906...\n\nSGT CHARLES WALTER **TAYLOR** (King Edward's Horse), brother of the Derbyshire County CC secretary, was killed in action on January 3, aged 29. For some years he was captain of the Wirksworth CC and played once for the Derbyshire Colts. Later he went to Southern Nigeria, where he played very successfully during his stay of two years and had a batting average of over 80.\n\nLT HUGH NORTON **TAYLOR** [see NORTON-TAYLOR]\n\n2ND LT PETER **TAYLOR** (Cameronians, Scottish Rifles), killed on August 8, aged 23, played for the East Stirlingshire CC. He was educated at Falkirk High School and Glasgow University.\n\n2ND LT RONALD WOODHOUSE **TAYLOR** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed on July 7, aged 20, was captain of the Eleven at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle-on-Tyne.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES LEWARNE **TEAPE** (Devon Regt), killed on September 4, aged 20, played for St. John's School, Leatherhead, in 1914.\n\nLT HORACE WYNDHAM **THOMAS** (Rifle Brigade), killed on September 3, aged 26, was in the Eleven both at Monmouth Grammar School and King's College, Cambridge. He was a rugby football international.\n\nThe son of a clergyman, he won a choral scholarship to King's College. While there, he played Minor Counties cricket for Cambridgeshire and gained his Blue for rugby. He won two caps for Wales in 1912-13 before leaving to work in the Mercantile Service in Calcutta where he captained the Calcutta club, which gave its name to the cup competed for between England and Scotland. In 1916, he volunteered for service and was killed at the Somme. In his last letter home, he wrote: \"Without wishing to be dramatic or boastful, I can say truthfully that I am not afraid of death. My life has been a happy one \u2013 thanks to you all from the bottom of my heart.\"\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM NORMAN **THOMAS** (Royal Flying Corps), killed on April 8, aged 28, was not in the Eleven whilst at Wellingborough Grammar School, but played afterwards for Shropshire.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE ERIC **THOMPSON** (Liverpool Regt), killed on September 3, aged 20, was in the Harrow Eleven of 1913, when he scored 129 runs with an average of 12.90. In his first innings against Eton he made 30, no-one else reaching double figures. He played club cricket for the Northern CC.\n\nHe is one of eight officers of 12 Bn commemorated on a Battle of the Somme memorial cross at St Peter's Church, Formby, Lancashire; others include K. L. Hutchings (qv) and J. Smethurst (qv).\n\nCAPT CORNELIUS **THORNE** , MC (East Surrey Regt), who was born at Shanghai in 1892, fell in action on September 30. Whilst at Haileybury he was captain of the second eleven. He had received the Military Cross.\n\nOne brother, Marlborough, was killed on September 28, 1915, aged 20, and another, Joseph, on May 29, 1940, aged 40; all three brothers went to Haileybury and died in France.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES GEOFFREY **TOMLIN** (London Regt), who died of wounds on July 9, aged 25, was an excellent wicketkeeper and in the Uppingham Eleven for four seasons, 1907 to 1910, being captain the last two. At Cambridge he played in the Freshmen's match of 1911 but did not obtain his Blue. Since 1911 he had been a member of the MCC.\n\nHe played rugby for Rosslyn Park.\n\n*MAJOR ATTWOOD ALFRED **TORRENS** (RFA), born on February 13, 1874, and killed on December 8, aged 42, was in the Harrow Eleven in 1892, being a free batsman and a good field... He was well known in Kentish cricket circles, and in 1906-07 was a member of the MCC's team to New Zealand. His father was in the Harrow Eleven in 1848 and 1849, and a younger brother in 1886 and 1887.\n\n2ND LT HORACE EDEN KENNEDY **TRAVERS** (Sherwood Foresters), born at Hong Kong in 1886, fell in action on November 8. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Wellington College, but (developing into a very useful bowler) played subsequently for the Regina CC, of Saskatchewan.\n\nTHE REV ERNEST WILBERFORCE **TREVOR** (Chaplain to the Forces) was killed on November 14, aged 30. He was in the Eleven whilst at Durham School.\n\nHe went on to University College, Oxford, and was ordained a priest by the Bishop of Peterborough in 1910; he was first a curate at Kettering and then at Lenham, Kent, 1911\u201314, and at Thanet in 1914.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM SINCLAIR **TUCK** (Canadian Field Artillery), born at Oakville (Ontario), killed October 30, aged 23. Upper Canada College XI, 1911. { _W1918_ }\n\nMiD.\n\nSGT GEORGE SAMUEL **TUCKER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Flatts, Bermuda, July 17, 1893; killed June 13. Trinity College, Port Hope XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nHis father, Archdeacon George Tucker, was rector of St Mark's, Bermuda, for nearly 40 years until his death in 1908.\n\nTHE REV FRANCIS HENRY **TUKE** (Chaplain to the Forces) was killed in action on July 20, aged 49. He was vicar of Holmer, Hereford, and had played occasionally for Herefordshire.\n\n2ND LT ERIC WALTER CARPENTER **TURNER** (Hants Regt), who died of wounds on August 9, aged 21, was in the Eleven at St John's School, Leatherhead, in 1910 and two following years... Previous to serving in Europe he had taken part in the South Africa rebellion and the German South-West African Campaign.\n\nLT-COL WILLIAM ERNEST MARRIOTT **TYNDALL** , DSO (Duke of Wellington's Regt), born in 1875, died at Roehampton on August 1 of wounds received on April 18, 1915. In 1891, 1892 and 1893 he was in the Bradfield Eleven, being a useful batsman and a capital field at point. In 1893 he captained the side. Later he played much Regimental cricket and also for the Free Foresters in India. He gained his DSO in the South African War.\n\nLT AND ADJT JOHN ALBERIC EVERARD **UPTON** (King's Shrops Light Infantry), who died of wounds on August 20, aged 25, was in the Forest School Eleven in 1909 and played afterwards for the Gentlemen of Shropshire and the Market Drayton CC.\n\nFLT-LT KENNETH MARSDEN **VAN ALLEN** (RNAS), was born at Winnipeg on March 7, 1889, and died of wounds in Germany on May 4. He was in the Trinity College School XI, Port Hope, in 1906. { _W1920_ }\n\nVan Allen's biplane was shot down in a dogfight with Benno Schl\u00fcter and crashed near the beach of Middelkerke, near Oostende. Schl\u00fcter landed in the immediate surroundings and ran towards the plane and his adversary, but suddenly collapsed and fell dead to the ground after touching a high-tension cable. The two pilots were buried side by side with full military honours at the cemetery of Westende; a black-ribboned biplane flew over during the ceremony. The bodies were reburied after the war.\n\nLT RICHARD WILLIAM **VAUGHAN ROBERTS** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed on July 30, aged 24, played for the Northern CC, of Liverpool. He was an Old Haileyburian.\n\n2ND LT DALLAS GERARD LE DOUX **VEITCH** [see LE DOUX VEITCH]\n\nCAPT ROBERT HUGH **WADE-GERY** (RGA), killed on July 17, aged 31, was not in the Eleven whilst at Marlborough, but played for the Royal Artillery and in many Army matches.\n\nMAJOR HAROLD **WADLOW** (RGA), killed on July 24, aged 37, was in the Malvern Eleven of 1896, being then considered a promising batsman. He served through the South African War.\n\nLT D'ARCY REIN **WADSWORTH** (Canadian Infantry), who died of wounds on October 18, aged 22, played for Upper Canada College and the Toronto CC. He was born at Toronto on October 1, 1894.\n\nSGT JOHN PRESTON **WALKER** (Australian Infantry), killed at Battle of Pozieres, July 27, aged 23. A first-class wicketkeeper and a forcible batsman of great promise. Headed the East Melbourne averages in 1911-12 with 52.66. Played for Victorian Colts. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT STANLEY **WALKER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Pittington, Durham, June 25, 1890; killed September 26. Hillhurst CC, of Calgary. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT HOUSTON STEWART HAMILTON **WALLACE** (Worcs Regt), killed on July 22, aged 24, was in the Fettes Eleven in 1910, 1911, and 1912.\n\nHe left a small legacy to Fettes to be given to the sons of Episcopalian clergy and the sons of army and navy officers. Wallace's parents had both died before the war but his next of kin, his mother's sister Miss Beatrice Heap, did her best to discover what had happened to him. His CO said he had been buried \"near a calvary with trees behind\" near Bazentin-le-Petit, Somme. Miss Heap first went there in 1921. In March 1924 CWGC staff reported a new memorial on the site; Miss Heap approached CWGC asking if they would look after it for a fee. She had not bought the site, but merely replaced the calvary which had been destroyed, dedicated it to her nephew, and cultivated a small area. The Commune of Bazentin welcomed the gift but could not look after it, probably due to concern over the Disestablishment Law which prevented official recognition of religious symbols. CWGC duly investigated: the Commune did own the land, and by resolution of the Conseil Municipal on January 9, 1925, CWGC was empowered to maintain it for 20 years until December 31, 1944. Miss Heap paid for brick steps to be built and various improvements to be made, and then regularly for routine maintenance until WW2. At the end of 1944 other matters were on people's minds and when peace returned Miss Heap could not be traced and the memorial gradually fell into disrepair. There matters rested until about 1980, when the remains of the wooden calvary were rescued by Andre Brunet, a carpenter in the village. When the memorial was recorded for the Western Front Association register in 1991, only the dilapidated cairn remained, with the original wording of Wallace's details scarcely legible on the marble plaque. Over the next two years the WFA tried to generate interest in restoring the memorial and this was achieved once the existence of the original cross was discovered. In 1994 the WFA sponsored work carried out by the Commune as a joint project. New parts were made for the original calvary, a new plaque was attached to the restored cairn, the site was tidied and planted and a service of rededication attended by over 200 people was held in pouring rain on October 24, 1994. Thus Houston Wallace continues to be remembered as his aunt would have wished.\n\nInformation from _Private Memorials of the Great War on the Western Front_ by Barrie Thorpe, published by the Western Front Association.\n\nCPL WILLIAM AINSLIE **WALTON** (Highland Light Infantry) killed on July 15, aged 33, was associated with the Ferguslie CC. He was captain of the second eleven for several years, and it was owing mainly to his steady batting that they were able to win the Western District Cricket Union Championship for three or four seasons. Later he was a valued member of the first eleven. He was a good batsman and an excellent field.\n\nLT GEOFFREY CHARLES NORTON **WARDLEY** (RGA), who died of wounds on July 24, aged 24, was not in the Eleven whilst at Eton, but played for Trinity College whilst at Cambridge.\n\n2ND LT THEODORE STEWART WOLTON **WARREN** (Durham Light Infantry), born in Japan in 1896, fell in action on July 17, aged 20. He was captain of the Eleven at Monkton Combe School, near Bath.\n\nPTE ALFRED HERBERT **WATKINS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Reading on November 17, 1889, was killed in action on June 27. He was a playing member of the Hillhurst CC, of Calgary.\n\nCAPT ALFRED CHARLES **WATSON** (West Yorks Regt) fell in action on September 3. He had captained the York CC.\n\n2ND LT HARRY **WATSON** (King's Liverpool Regt), who was killed on August 12, aged 29, had played for Manchester University and was a prominent fast bowler in Lancashire club cricket and a useful batsman.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR JOHN **WAUGH** (RAMC attd to North Staffs Regt) fell in action on August 17, aged 28. He was in the Forest School Eleven in 1903 and two following years, being a very useful all-round player... Later he appeared in Essex Club and Ground matches.\n\nHe went on to Pembroke College, Cambridge, and then gained his medical qualifications at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London.\n\nSUB-LT FREDERICK CECIL **WEAVER** (RNVR), killed on November 13, aged 22, was well-known in Metropolitan club cricket.\n\nLT HENRY **WEBBER** (South Lancs Regt), of Horley, Surrey, and a JP for the county, was killed in action on July 21, aged 67. He was in the Tonbridge School Eleven 50 years before, among his contemporaries being Mr J. W. Dale, and later played for Pembroke College, Oxford. He had been a member of the MCC since 1872. He made his first hundred in 1863 and as recently as August 6, 1904, when 56 years of age, made 209 not out for Horley v Lowfield Heath, at Horley, in three hours after a full round of golf in the morning. His pluck and patriotism in insisting on being given a commission at his advanced age were much admired.\n\nHe is the oldest-known battle casualty of the war; some records give his age as 68, as did his obituary in _Wisden_. Although he had joined the MCC in 1872, his membership lapsed after 1913, when his name was crossed through with a note stating \"by order of F. E. Lacey 7\/1\/14\" (Lacey was MCC secretary). Lack of funds was not a problem, as he was a member of the London Stock Exchange for over 40 years and he left almost \u00a38,000 in his will. On the outbreak of war he offered his services to the War Office as a \"rough rider\" or in any other capacity. Rejected, he tried very hard to form a mounted company of hunting men, which was also turned down, so he set out to get a commission. Knocking some ten years off his age, he received one on July 26, 1915. He was gazetted on May 1, 1916, as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 7th Battalion of the South Lancashire Regiment, and after a short period of training at Park Royal was appointed Transport Officer and left for France. He took part in the opening phases of the Somme, including the capture of La Boiselle on July 3. Two weeks later, on July 17, he wrote to a friend: \"Fifty-one years ago I got my colours in the XI and last week 51 years ago was bowling against the old boys and looking on some of them as 'sitters' and in the 'sere and yellow leaf'. Yet here I am a lieutenant in HM army having to salute three sons if I meet them out here, a colonel and two majors. I am 1st Line Transport Officer to this Battalion and we have been plumb in the centre of the picture during the last ten days and gained no end of 'kudos' and also a very severe mauling. I am so far extraordinarily fit and well, though when I tell you that for four consecutive days I was either on my feet or in the saddle for 21 hours out of 24, you will see that there is a bit of work attached to the job.\" Four days later, before the letter was received, he was dead. He had taken rations up for his battalion and was talking to his CO at Battalion HQ in Mametz Wood when he was struck by a shell fragment. He was taken to the advanced dressing station, and still unconscious was taken to the nearest field hospital where he died the same evening. His CO wrote: \"He was so gallant and full of energy. We all had the greatest admiration and respect for him.\" He was mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches of January 4, 1917. He left a widow and eight children: his three serving sons were Lt-Col N. W. Webber DSO (RE), Major H. H. Webber (RGA) and Major L. M. Webber (RFA). Because of his age, his death attracted special attention and his family received messages of sympathy from the King and Queen and the Army Council.\n\nCAPT JOHN RICHARD **WEBSTER** (London Regt), killed on September 10, aged 35, was not in the Eleven whilst at Uppingham, but later captained the Taplow CC.\n\nLT RICHARD SHIRBURNE **WELD-BLUNDELL** (King's Liverpool Regt), died on active service, the result of an accident at Ramsgate, January 1. Pembroke College (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nNot on CWGC. He was found at about 11pm on New Year's Eve lying unconscious outside his quarters; at an inquest, it was thought he slipped on steps and fell, striking his head against an iron rain pipe at the edge of the kerb. He had married in February 1915 and a daughter was born a month before his death: Mary Agnes married the diplomat Sir Paul Grey in 1936 and died in 2011. Richard's brother, Louis Joseph, served through the war and died at Dunkirk on February 8, 1919, aged 29, probably from influenza. There are memorial windows to both brothers in the Holy Family RC Church at Ince Blundell near Liverpool.\n\nSGT WILLIE CECIL **WELLICOME** (Seaforth Highlanders), killed on November 13, aged 27, played for the Marlow CC.\n\nLT ARTHUR SCOTT **WELLS** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed on September 26, aged 22, played for Ripon Grammar School and the Ripon CC.\n\nL\/CPL WILLIAM **WEST** (Canadian Infantry), born at Northampton, January 17, 1880: died of wounds, November 23. Captain of the Brantford CC (Canada), in 1915. { _W1918_ }\n\nL\/CPL ARTHUR **WHALE** (Royal Fusiliers), born in 1888, fell in action on August 3, aged 28. He was educated at Shrewsbury, where he was in the Eleven in 1906 and 1907.\n\nHe went on to Pembroke College, Cambridge, and won a Blue as goalkeeper in 1908.\n\nMAJOR EDWARD **WHINNEY** (Middlesex Regt), killed on September 26, aged 46, played for Old Westminsters and the Hampstead CC, and for some time captained the Haywards Heath CC. He was not in the Eleven whilst at Westminster.\n\nHis name is on the war memorial at St Wilfrid's Church, Haywards Heath, Sussex.\n\nLT HERBERT ATHERTON **WHITAKER** (Canadian Infantry), born in London, Ontario, June 29, 1888; died of wounds, October 25. Calgary CC, of Alberta. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT JOHN VERNON **WHITE** (Manchester Regt), killed on July 1, aged 24, played for the Southport CC.\n\nCAPT ROGER D'ARCY **WHITTAKER** (Royal Sussex Regt), born March 4, 1891; killed June 30. Burrard CC, of Vancouver. { _W1918_ }\n\nPTE CHARLES **WILKINS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Bow, February 17, 1877; killed September 15. Brantford CC, of Ontario. Good slow bowler and fair bat. { _W1918_ }\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS CHRISTOPHER DALLAS **WILLIAMS** (East Surrey Regt), killed on July 19, aged 21, was in the Eleven at St Edmund's School, Canterbury, in 1914.\n\nHe had obtained a place at Keble College, Oxford. A brother, Gordon Penry, was killed on April 16, 1918, aged 20.\n\nLT JAMES WILLIAM **WILLIAMS** (87th Canadian Grenadiers) was born in Quebec on January 19, 1888, and killed on November 18. He was a member of the Quebec Eleven. { _W1920_ }\n\n*PTE JOSEPH **WILLIAMS** (Cheshire Regt), killed on July 10, aged 24, was a member of the MCC staff at Lord's and played for the Club in 1913 and 1914, in the latter year having a batting average of 28.63. He had played previously for the Bromborough Pool CC, and took nearly 200 wickets in two seasons in Liverpool district cricket when a youth of 18.\n\nHis single fc match was for MCC against Kent at Lord's in May 1914; he scored 11 not out in the first innings and was dismissed by Colin Blythe for eight in the second.\n\n2ND LT LLOYD ALLISON **WILLIAMS** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), killed on July 20, aged 22, was in the Eleven at Kingswood School, Bath.\n\n2ND LT HAROLD GODWIN **WILLIAMSON** (North Staffs Regt), born in 1896, fell in action on July 1, aged 20. He was in the Eleven whilst at St Edward's School, Oxford.\n\n**CAPT ARTHUR FRANKLIN **WILLMER** (Rifle Brigade) died of wounds near Loos on September 20, aged 26; he was wounded two days earlier while acting as major of his battalion. He was born at Claughton, Birkenhead, Cheshire, on January 10, 1890, and educated at Birkenhead School, where he was in the Eleven for four years and captain in his last two. He won the first classical scholarship at Brasenose College, Oxford, and played a single fc match for Oxford University against Free Foresters in June 1912; he also played for Cheshire in the Minor Counties Championship in 1914. In November 1914, he was awaiting being called to the Bar and joined the Inns of Court OTC. He was badly wounded in the face at Ypres in 1915. He is buried in St Sever Cemetery, Rouen. An article in the _Oxford Magazine_ (Nov 1916) stated: \"His death is one of the greatest tragedies the College has had to face: his devotion to duty, high principles and crystal-clear intellect had justified us in predicting for him a distinguished career.\"\n\nLT HAROLD MACKENZIE **WILSON** (Canadian Infantry), born in Canada on October 10, 1891, was killed accidentally on June 9. In 1907 he was in the Eleven at Ridley College, Ontario.\n\nHe was severely wounded in France in July 1915. He returned to the front in February 1916 when he was appointed instructor in a bombing school. He was then chosen for a position on the staff of the 6th Brigade, but on the day of his appointment he was killed when a bomb exploded as he was supervising the work of a class, having volunteered to take the place of another officer who was temporarily absent.\n\nCAPT RICHARD FRANCIS **WOLSTENHOLME** (Cheshire Regt), killed on November 28, aged 22, had captained the Eleven at Stubbington House, Fareham.\n\nLT-COL DONALD **WOOD** (Rifle Brigade), born in April, 1878, was killed on July 1, aged 38. He played much in Regimental cricket.\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY **WOODHAMS** (Royal Sussex Regt), killed March 19, aged 24. Christ's Hospital; Keble College (Ox) XI. { _W1918_ }\n\nCAPT LESLIE **WOODROFFE** , MC (Rifle Brigade), who died of wounds on June 4, aged 31, played a few times in the Marlborough Eleven in 1903.\n\nTwo brothers also fell, both in 1915: Kenneth Herbert Clayton (qv), and Sidney Clayton (qv). Leslie was severely wounded at Hooge in July 15, 1915, in the same battle when Sidney was killed showing such bravery that he received a posthumous VC; Leslie received the MC for his actions that day. He was able to return to his regiment almost a year later on June 1, 1916, but was wounded that same day and died three days later.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES ARMYTAGE **WOOLER** (West Yorks Regt), born at Wortley on March 16, 1895, died in the Herbert Hospital, Woolwich, on July 20, of wounds received on July 1. He was a member of the Sedbergh School Eleven in 1911.\n\nSee his brother, below. He was wounded on the first day of the Somme.\n\n2ND LT HERBERT SYKES **WOOLER** (West Yorks Regt), born on November 24, 1892, died of wounds on March 28. He was in the Sedbergh School Eleven in 1913 and 1914.\n\nSee above. MiD. He was wounded in an attack at St Eloi.\n\nPTE RICHARD **WOOTTEN** (Loyal North Lancs Regt), who died of wounds on September 9, aged 24, played for the Prestwich CC, of Lancashire, for about six seasons. He was a good change bowler, a dangerous batsman and a brilliant field.\n\nCAPT GUY **WORMALD** (Lancs Fusiliers), killed on September 14, aged 33, was in the Eton Eleven in 1902...\n\nHe went on to Trinity College, Cambridge, and was a barrister; he was killed at Lake Doiran, Balkans, during the attack on Mitrailleuses. His son, Capt Alan Guy Wormald, was killed in Palestine on August 27, 1942, aged 26.\n\n*CAPT OSWALD ERIC **WREFORD-BROWN** (Northumberland Fusiliers), who died of wounds on July 7, aged 38, was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1894 and two following years, being captain in 1896... Subsequently he played for Old Carthusians, Free Foresters and \u2013 only once or twice \u2013 Gloucestershire.\n\nHe played a single match for Gloucestershire in 1900. One brother, Claude, died on May 25, 1915, aged 39; another, Charles, played first-class cricket and was an England football international and administrator, said to be the first to use the word \"soccer\" for the sport.\n\nCAPT EDMUND LANCELOT **WRIGHT** (Shrops Light Infantry), who died of wounds on July 16, aged 32, was in the Malvern Eleven in 1901... In 1908 he began to play for Hertfordshire, and in 1910 was third in the county's batting averages.\n\nPTE HARVEY **WRIGHT** (Canadian Infantry), born at Horley on November 27, 1884, fell in action on May 11. He was secretary of the St Barnabas CC, of Toronto.\n\nLT GEOFFREY WILFRID PENFOLD **WYATT** (The Buffs: East Kent Regt), who was killed on September 15, aged 20, was in the Winchester Eleven in 1915...\n\n**PTE CHARLES HENRY **YALDREN** (Hants Regt) was killed in action at Thiepval on October 23, aged 24. He was born on December 8, 1891, at Southampton. Described as a useful bowler and tail-end bat, his single fc match was for Hampshire against Cambridge University at Southampton in June 1912 when two other county players, A. P. Rutherford and F. G. Turner, made their single appearance. Yaldren was the fifth of eight bowlers tried as Cambridge amassed 484; he took one for 52 in nine overs.\n**DEATHS IN 1917**\n\nReported in _Wisden 1918_ unless stated, eg { _W1919_ }\n\nThe style changed this year, with the surname first, but for consistency, the same style for names in this book is continued throughout.\n\nCricket details in many obituaries are now very brief.\n\n2ND LT RONALD WILLIAM **ADAM** (RFA) died September 11, aged 27. Leys' School XI, 1908, when he played an innings of 120...\n\n2ND LT GEORGE ADDIS **ADAMSON** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), killed on October 12, aged 19. Captain of the XI at Ardrossan Academy.\n\nLT RENNIE ALEXANDER **AIRTH** (Beds Regt, attd RFC), died of wounds July 29, aged 23. Leys School XI, 1909-10-11...\n\nHe was born in Transvaal, and after Leys at Cambridge he studied mechanical engineering at Camborne. After being in the thick of action in France in 1915, he suffered from neurasthenia, and he spent much of 1916 as an instructor at a training camp at Etaples. He joined the RFC in April 1917 and was wounded in the build-up to the Third Battle of Ypres.\n\n**2ND LT ERNEST EWART GLADSTONE **ALDERWICK** (11 Bn, Suffolk Regt) was killed in action at Peronne, France, on August 26, aged 31. He was born at Barton Regis, near Bristol, on April 14, 1886. He played two matches for Gloucestershire in July 1908, and appeared for Suffolk in the Minor Counties Championship in August 1914.\n\nLT CHARLES CEDRIC GORDON **ALLOM** (RFA) died of wounds, October 20, aged 21. Wellington XI.\n\nHe had a place at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1914 and is commemorated on its war memorial, but he joined the university OTC and was gazetted 2nd Lt in July 1915. He was the only son of Sir Charles Allom, who founded the interior-design firm of White, Allom and Co.\n\nCAPT (TEMP LT-COL) DONALD KNOX **ANDERSON** (The Buffs attd Machine-Gun Corps). Military Cross. Killed December 3, aged 31. King's School, Canterbury XI, 1902 and 1903.\n\nHe was awarded the MC in 1916, the citation reading: \"For conspicuous gallantry during operations. For over a fortnight he was in the front line, and did fine work with his guns. His emplacements were repeatedly blown in, and it was largely due to his personal example and courage that his guns were kept in action.\" He played cricket for the Band of Brothers, and is commemorated on their memorial as well as at the village of Bridge in Kent. His brother, Colin Knox, was killed in action on August 23, 1914, aged 26.\n\n2ND LT JAMES LENNOX **ANDERSON** (Black Watch), killed May 25, aged 25. Perthshire XI. A very promising batsman. A younger brother of the better-known Joe Anderson. Had been wounded three times.\n\nHis brother Joseph played five matches for Scotland 1906\u201312, and died in 1961, aged 83.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM HAROLD **ANDERSON** (Border Regt), killed on June 13. Leys School XI, 1911...\n\n2ND LT NIGEL FREDERICK EDWARD **ANSON** , MC (King's Royal Rifle Corps), born March 1, 1897; killed July 10. Eton XI. Fast bowler and forcing bat. Wounded twice. { _W1919_ }\n\nMAJOR HARRY **ARCHER** (Devon Regt), DSO. Killed November 25, aged 38. Blundell's School, 1901, 1902.\n\nTwice MiD. His DSO was in _LG_ , Sept 26, 1917. He was killed in action at Passchendaele.\n\nCAPT FRANK RHODES **ARMITAGE** , MB, DSO (RAMC), killed July 30, aged 34.Oundle XI, 1901 and 1902. Had played in Amateur Golf Championship.\n\nHe studied medicine at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and succeeded to his father's practice. He was awarded the DSO earlier in 1917.\n\nFLT-LT CHARLES VERNON **ARNOLD** (RNAS), accidentally killed August 16, aged 23. Dulwich College XI in 1911. He made 171 v R. B. Firth's XI, at Dulwich, on June 21, 1911, when he and R. K. Nunes (167 not out) scored 340 for the first wicket. He came out fourth for a strong batting side, scoring 458 runs with an average of 32.71.\n\nHe and his pupil, Probationary Flt-Lt Forman, died near Chingford, Essex, when their plane developed engine trouble at low altitude.\n\nPTE SAMUEL ARCHIBALD LEOPOLD **ASPELL** (Canadian Infantry), born at Bedford, February 27, 1892; killed August 21. Lynn Valley CC, of Vancouver (BC).\n\nLT-COL CHARLES ERNEST **ATCHISON** , DSO (King's Shrops Light Infantry), born 1875, killed August 24. Played in Regimental cricket and for United Services.\n\nLT AND ADJT GEOFFREY HOWARD **ATKINSON** (Indian Infantry), killed February 1, aged 26. Marlborough College 1908\u201309. At Cambridge he played in the Peterhouse XI, and for the Freshmen in 1910, and the Seniors in 1911 and 1912. Going in last in 1911 for B. H. Holloway's side he scored 37 not out, the total being 502.\n\nMiD.\n\n2ND LT MILES LINZEE **ATKINSON** (Tank Corps), born 1888; killed November 20. Fettes XI, 1905\u201306\u201307. Football Blue for Cambridge.\n\nHe was at Emanuel College, and went on to study medicine.\n\nLT JAMES LIONEL **BAGGULEY** (Durham Light Infantry, attd Trench Mortar Bn), accidentally killed December 6, aged 24. High School, Newcastle, XI, 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1911: captain in 1910 and 1911.\n\nHe saw much action in France and Flanders, including at Fricourt, Contalmaison, Pozieres, Le Sars and Messines Ridge, and was twice recommended for the MC, before becoming an instructor on the light trench-mortar gun; he was killed when a trench-mortar shell exploded prematurely.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE BARRY **BAGNALL** (Rifle Brigade), killed April 23, aged 30, Pembroke College (Cambridge), Hampstead CC, East Dereham CC, and Norfolk C and G.\n\n**2ND LT HERBERT PACKER **BAILEY** (12 Bn, East Surrey Regt) died at Hollebeke, near Ypres, on July 31, aged 27. He was born at River Road, St Michael, Barbados, on December 5, 1889. He played three matches for Barbados between January 1909 and September 1910, and took six for 12 in his second match when British Guiana were dismissed for 73 at Georgetown in September 1910. He was awarded the MC posthumously ( _LG_ , August 27, 1917): \"He displayed the greatest gallantry in handling a Stokes gun, following the first line infantry up to the final objective, where he consolidated later in the day. He showed great judgment, and was instrumental in repelling an enemy counter-attack by the skilful use of his gun.\" His name is on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial.\n\nCAPT CECIL DOUGLAS **BAKER** (Grenadier Guards), born 1870, killed July 29. Abbey School XI, Sherborne XI, Merton (Ox) XI. A good all-round man. In the Oxford Rugby XV, 1891\u201392\u201393, being captain in 1892. Member of MCC since 1895. Was wounded in 1916.\n\nHe became a member of the London Stock Exchange in 1895.\n\nLT SPENCER **BAKER** (Canadian Infantry), born at East Grinstead, December 9, 1879; killed October 26. The Saskatoon CC of Saskatchewan.\n\nHe was a building contractor who left Sussex to work in Canada. His name is on the memorial at Danehill, which includes those like him from Chelwood Gate.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM HERBERT **BAMBRIDGE** (Royal Fusiliers), killed August 19, aged 27. Marlborough, 1907. A fairly good bat, he was in the Eleven with J. F. Ireland, S. H. Saville and R. O. Lagden. Member of MCC since 1913.\n\nHis father was director of music at Marlborough.\n\n**LT JAMES WILLIAM HUGH **BANNERMAN** (Otago Regt, NZEF) died of wounds near Ypres on December 23, aged 30. He was born at Ophir, Otago, on May 20, 1887. He was a journalist on the _Southland News_ and later was managing director of the Bluff Press and _Stewart Island Gazette_. He wrote two cricket histories, the _History of Early Otago Representative Cricket_ and _Early Cricket in Southland_ ; he also wrote _Milestones, or Wrecks of Southern New Zealand_. He played a single fc match for Southland against Otago at Dunedin in April 1915 when he opened the batting, scoring ten and one, and took three for 84; a brother, Wilfred, played three matches for Otago. At the outbreak of war he took charge of the Bluff cadets, but he was determined to get to the front and at his request was posted to the 8th Southland Regt. He is buried at Lijssenthoek Military Cemetery near Poperinge.\n\nCOMPANY QMS FREDERICK GEORGE PITTY **BARBOUR** (Australian Infantry), killed February 25, aged 21. Captained the Eleven at Toowoomba Grammar School. Younger brother of Capt E. P. Barbour of New South Wales.\n\nEric Pitty Barbour played 23 matches for NSW and other Australian teams and died in 1934; on August 18, 1917, he made a century in the one-day match at Lord's for Australians and South Africans v Army and Navy, hitting the winning six off the bowling of Colin Blythe (qv) who was playing his last match and who was killed in action three months later. Another brother, Robert Roy Pitty Barbour, played two matches for Queensland after the war and four matches for Oxford University in 1922 and 1923 when he was a Rhodes Scholar. Frederick is buried at the AIF Burial Ground, Flers, Somme.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE FREDERICK **BARKER** (Essex Regt), killed May 12, aged 33. Brentwood CC.\n\nMAJOR THE RT HON LORD HENRY GORELL **BARNES** (RA). Born January 21, 1882: killed January 16. DSO, and had been mentioned in Despatches. Was a member of the Harvard University XI. { _W1919_ }\n\nListed in _Wisden 1919_ under Gorrell. Before Harvard he was educated at Winchester College and Trinity College, Oxford. He succeeded his father, who was a High Court judge, as 2nd Baron Gorell in 1913; he himself had been called to the Bar in 1906.\n\n2ND LT JOHN AMBROSE **BARRETT** (Rifle Brigade), born 1881, killed July 31. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1898\u20131899... At Oxford he got his half-blue for lawn tennis.\n\nHe was a brewer in King's Lynn and is commemorated on the brewery memorials in Rouen Road, Norwich.\n\nLT FREDERICK JOHN **BARTLEY** (Essex Regt), killed March 26, aged 31. Brighton College, 1903 and 1904.\n\nLT-COL CLINTON WYNYARD **BATTYE** (Shrops Light Infantry attd Highland LI), DSO. Mentioned in Despatches twice. Had been wounded. Killed November 24, aged 43. Regimental cricket and United Services.\n\nHe was caught by machine-gun fire while checking battalion positions at Bourlon Village.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM HEDLEY BRUCE **BAXTER** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed August 27, aged 25. Merchiston, 1910 and 1911. Rugby Blue for Cambridge.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM THOMAS ARNOLD **BAZALGETTE** (Devon Regt), killed May 9, aged 20. Blundell's School XI, about 1914.\n\nL\/CPL FREDERICK **BEAUMONT** (The King's Liverpool Regt), killed April 13. Chester CC.\n\nLT MONTMORENCY BEAUMONT **BEAUMONT-CHECKLAND** (Yeomanry attached Somerset LI), born 1883, killed August 17. Newton College XI and St John's College XI (Cambridge).\n\nHe was a barrister.\n\nMAJOR RAYMOND DOUGLAS **BELCHER** , MC (RFA). Died of wounds December 7, aged 34. Brighton College XI, 1900. The third son of Rev T. Hayes Belcher, the old Oxford Blue, to lose his life in the War.\n\nHis brothers who died were Gordon (qv) on May 16, 1915, aged 29, and Harold Thomas on July 8, 1917, aged 42; their father was the vicar of Bramley, Hampshire, who died in 1919 and whose obituary appears in _Wisden 1920_.\n\nLT CYRIL SAMUEL **BENSON** (Ox and Bucks Light Infantry), born 1891, killed April 24. Pembroke College (Ox) XI, 1911. Had previously been wounded.\n\nLT-COL THOMAS ANDREW DUNLOP **BEST** , DSO (Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, commanding a battalion of Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regt). Killed November 20, aged 38. Sandhurst 1898: made 21 v Woolwich.\n\nLT WALTER CYRIL **BIRD** (Northants Regt), killed on March 4. Captain and secretary of the Kettering CC. Formerly in the Eleven at Kettering Grammar School.\n\nCAPT GERVASE WILLIAM **BIRKBECK** (Norfolk Regt), killed April 19, aged 30. Twelfth man of Eton; in Eleven at Trinity College (Camb); good bat and field. First match for Norfolk was in 1906. Best scores for the county \u2013 111 v Cambridgeshire, at Cambridge, 1910; 108 v Hertfordshire, at Norwich, 1911; and 118 v Bedfordshire, at Bedford, 1912. His father had played for Norfolk.\n\nHe is commemorated on a memorial in All Saints Church, West Acre, King's Lynn, Norfolk.\n\nMAJOR CHARLES GAMBLE **BISHOP** , DSO (Royal Engineers), killed October 30, aged 39. Uppingham XI 1897.\n\nHis DSO was awarded posthumously ( _LG_ , Jan 1, 1918). His name is on the war memorial at Huyton, Liverpool. His father, a glass manufacturer, was twice mayor of St Helens, Lancs.\n\nMAJOR JOHN NEILL **BLACK** (Somerset Light Infantry), born in India, June 1894, killed April 9. Malvern and Clare College (Camb).\n\nMAJOR MAURICE ADAM **BLACK** (Dragoon Guards, attached RFC), born 1876, killed February 11. Rugby XI, 1895; reserve wicketkeeper. Played in Seniors' match at Cambridge. Rugby Blue at Cambridge. Served in South African War. Had been wounded in 1914.\n\nHe was a flight commander, and his plane was shot down on a bombing raid; a fellow officer wrote: \"Was last seen diving down with a Hun behind him.\"\n\nFLT-LT NORMAN **BLACK** (RNAS), died of wounds October 12, aged 19. Christ's Hospital. Captain of XI 1915. { _W1919_ }\n\nIn December 1915, he won an open exhibition for Classics at St John's College, Oxford, but instead gained a commission in the RNAS and became an instructor. At his request he was transferred to the fighting squadrons in the autumn of 1917 and, after being reported missing, it was confirmed he died of wounds behind the German lines at Wynendaele, between Ypres and Bruges.\n\nLT JOHN HERBERT **BLACKBURN** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry). Succumbed to illness whilst on active service, February 8, aged 21. Giggleswick Grammar School XI.\n\n*SGT-MAJOR HENRY GEORGE **BLACKLIDGE** (Hants Regt), born at Stoughton, Guildford, Surrey, July 14, 1884, died of dysentery in Mesopotamia on May 23. Surrey, 1912 and 1913; Surrey 2nd XI; was qualifying for Hampshire at outbreak of the War. Useful all-round; fast bowler. [CWGC gives his rank as Lance Corporal.]\n\nHe played seven fc matches for Surrey between 1908 and 1913.\n\nCAPT JOHN BRUCE **BLAXLAND** (South Wales Borderers), killed January 24, aged 25. Selwyn College (Camb) XI. In the Eleven while at Shrewsbury.\n\nAccording to _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ , he was educated at St Edward's School, Oxford; a brother, Alan Bruce, played for Shrewsbury School. He was invalided home from Gallipoli in October 1915; he later went to Mesopotamia where he was killed at Kut 24 while in temporary command of his battalion. Another brother, Lionel Bruce, played 19 matches for Derbyshire 1925\u201347 and became a clergyman at 60; he died in 1976 aged 78 (obituary in _Wisden 1978_ ). Their father was vicar of The Abbey, Shrewsbury.\n\n**RFMN ROLAND GEORGE **BLINKO** (New Zealand Rifle Brigade) died at Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, on January 6, aged 30. He was born at Birmingham, on May 1, 1886. A left-hand bat, his single fc match was for Hawke's Bay against the Australians at Hastings, NZ, in February 1914. He is buried in Walton and Weybridge Cemetery, adjoining St Mary's Churchyard, Walton, where there are 30 Commonwealth burials from WW1 including 19 NZ soldiers who were among some 27,000 injured NZ servicemen who were treated at No 2 NZ General Hospital at Mount Felix in Walton or at Oatlands Park in Weybridge. Blinko went to the Walton hospital from France and \"died of disease\".\n\n2ND LT ALICK FREDERICK **BLYTH** (Northern Cyclist Bn, attd Gloucs Regt), killed August 23, aged 20. Radley XI, 1915. Good bat and change bowler...\n\n*SGT COLIN **BLYTHE** (Kent Fortress Engineers, attd KOYLI), born at Deptford May 30, 1879; killed on November 8. Went to Australia 1901-02 and 1907-08; to South Africa 1905-06 and 1909-10; to America (with the Kent team) 1903.\n\nThe news that Blythe had been killed in France was received everywhere with the keenest regret. Inasmuch as Kenneth Hutchings had practically done with the game before joining the Army, the loss is the most serious that cricket has sustained during the war. It is true Blythe had announced his intention of playing no more in first-class matches, but quite possibly this decision was not final. He had certainly no need to think of retiring at the age of 38.\n\nThat Blythe was a great bowler is beyond question. He had no warmer admirers than the many famous batsmen who had the satisfaction of making big scores against him. So far as I know they were unanimous in paying tribute to his remarkable powers. He was one of five left-handed slow bowlers of the first rank produced by England in the last 40 years, the other four being Peate, Peel, Briggs, and Rhodes. To place the five in order of merit is a task I shall not attempt. The best experts, if asked to give an opinion on the point, would vary considerably in their views. For example, W. L. Murdoch thought Peate far ahead of either Peel or Briggs, whereas Arthur Shrewsbury found Peel harder to play than Peate, the fast ball that Peel had at command keeping him always on the alert. Again I have heard Ranjitsinhji say that he considered Blythe a finer bowler than Rhodes, the deceptive flight of the ball making him more difficult to hit. To these views I would only add that judging by the practical test of results a good case could be made out for Rhodes as the best bowler of the five \u2013 before he turned his mind to batting. The seasons in which he did such wonderful things for Yorkshire \u2013 1898 to 1901 inclusive \u2013 were seasons of fine weather and huge scoring. Peate's great deeds were done chiefly in summers of rain and bad weather.\n\nBlythe had all the good gifts that pertain to the first-rate slow bowler, and a certain imaginative quality that was peculiarly his own. Very rarely did he get to the end of his resources. To see him bowl to a brilliant hitter was a sheer delight. So far from being disturbed by a drive to the ring he would, instead of shortening his length to escape punishment, send up the next ball to be hit, striving of course to put on, if possible, a little extra spin. In this respect he reminded me of David Buchanan in the Gentlemen and Players matches of long ago. Blythe's spin was something quite out of the ordinary. On a sticky wicket or on a dry pitch ever so little crumbled he came off the ground in a way that beat the strongest defence. He had, too, far more pace than most people supposed. The ball that went with his arm often approached the speed of a fast bowler and had of course the advantage of being unsuspected. On this point Fred Huish, the wicketkeeper, can be very illuminating.\n\nBlythe was introduced to Kent cricket by Captain McCanlis, one of the best coaches the game has known. He was 20 years of age when he first played for Kent, and in 1900 \u2013 his second season \u2013 he took 114 wickets in county matches alone. Illness during the winter affected his bowling in 1901, but after his visit to Australia with the team captained by A. C. MacLaren in 1901-02 he never looked back. His best season was 1909, when he took in first-class matches 215 wickets, at a cost of 14\u00bd runs each. A list of Blythe's feats with the ball for Kent would fill a column. Against Northamptonshire, at Northampton, in 1907, he obtained 17 wickets in one day, taking all ten in the first innings for 30 runs, and seven in the second for 18.\n\n_Colin Blythe_\n\nTest matches, owing to his tendency to epileptic fits, were very trying to him, and after having had a big share in England's victory over Australia at Birmingham in 1909 he was practically forbidden to play at Lord's. Still he was, out by himself, England's best bowler in the three matches with the famous South African team of 1907, taking 26 wickets for less than 10\u00bd runs apiece. Only one of the three matches was finished, England winning at Leeds by 53 runs. Blythe on that occasion bowled himself to a standstill, but he had his reward, clearly winning the game for his country.\n\nBlythe's reputation will rest on his doings in England. His two visits to Australia scarcely added to his fame, and when he went to South Africa in 1905-06 and again in 1909-10 he did not find the matting wickets altogether to his liking. In the second of his South African tours he had a fairly good record, but as he was only picked for two of the five Test matches, he could not have been at his best. To sum up his career in a phrase, he will live in cricket history as the greatest Kent bowler of modern days. Nearly all his finest work was done for his county. It is pleasant to know that the Kent committee have decided to put up a suitable memorial to him. \u2013 S. H. P.\n\nCAPT JOHN KIRK **BOAL** (Royal Irish Fusiliers), killed May 3, aged 20. Campbell College (Belfast) XI.\n\n*CAPT CECIL HERBERT **BODINGTON** (Household Bn), born January 20, 1880, killed April 11, aged 37. King's School, Canterbury (1896\u201397\u201398); Peterhouse (Camb XI); Cambridge Freshmen, 1899; Seniors, 1901 and 1902; Hants, 1901 and 1902; Household Brigade XI.\n\nHe played in ten matches for Hampshire. His father was vicar of Upton Grey near Basingstoke, and he is commemorated on the village war memorial.\n\n2ND LT NORMAN **BONHAM-CARTER** (Household Bn), born 1867, killed May 3, aged 49. Balliol College (Ox) XI. Member of MCC since 1899.\n\nLT-COL SINGLETON **BONNER** , DSO (South Staffs Regt attached Royal Fusiliers), died of wounds May 1, aged 37. Played for his House at Harrow. Three times mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR FREDERICK **BOTHAM** (RFA), died of wounds June 18, aged 28. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1908. Played in Freshmen's Match at Cambridge.\n\nCAPT HARRY STEWART **BOULTER** (Canadian Pioneers). Born at Toronto November 18, 1892, killed April 4. St Alban's School XI, Toronto. Captain in 1908.\n\nCAPT JOHN WILLIAM **BOWYER** (Rifle Brigade), killed on April 10, aged 21. In XXII at Rugby. (He was not in the XI, owing to going to Germany to study the language before going to Queen's College, Oxford). A nephew of Mrs J. T. Hearne.\n\nPTE HERBERT BERESFORD HUNT **BOYCE** (Canadian Pioneers), born in Barbados, April 15, 1890, died of wounds July 30. Pickwick CC of Barbados, 1910-11. Played for New York in the Halifax Cup matches in 1915. His highest score in New York was 102 not out v Van Cortlandt CC, 1915. He was a good all-round player.\n\n2ND LT VICTOR HENRY THOMPSON **BOYTON** (RGA) killed May 31, aged 20. King Edward's School, Birmingham; Captain of the XI in 1916.\n\nCAPT DANIEL EDWARD **BRADBY** (Rifle Brigade), killed April 9, aged 20. In the Rugby Eleven 1914.\n\nBRIG-GEN ROLAND BOYS **BRADFORD** (Durham Light Infantry), VC, MC. Twice wounded. Born February 23, 1892; killed November 30, aged 25. Played Regimental cricket for Durham Light Infantry. At the outbreak of War he was only a subaltern, and at his death the youngest general in the British Army.\n\nHe had been promoted ten days before his death at Cambrai. He was awarded the VC for his actions at the Somme on October 1, 1916. _LG_ recorded: \"For most conspicuous bravery and good leadership in attack, whereby he saved the situation on the right flank of his Brigade and of the Division. Lieutenant-Colonel Bradford's Battalion was in support. A leading Battalion having suffered very severe casualties, and the commander wounded, its flank became dangerously exposed at close quarters to the enemy. Raked by machine-gun fire, the situation of the Battalion was critical. At the request of the wounded commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Bradford asked permission to command the exposed Battalion in addition to his own. Permission granted, he at once proceeded to the foremost lines. By his fearless energy under fire of all description, and his skilful leadership of the two Battalions, regardless of all danger, he succeeded in rallying the attack, captured and defended the objective, and so secured the flank.\"\n\nHis brother George Nicholson, a naval officer, also won the VC for his actions resulting in his death on April 23, 1918 \u2013 his 31st birthday \u2013 at Zeebrugge; they are the only pair of brothers to be awarded the VC in WWI. Another brother, Lt James Barker, also of the Durham Light Infantry and who was awarded the MC, was killed on May 14, 1917, aged 27. The fourth and eldest brother, Capt Thomas Andrews, also of the DLI, won the DSO; on November 11, 1921, he unveiled a brass plaque in Holy Trinity Church, Darlington, in memory of his three brothers.\n\n\"Tommie\" Bradford played Minor Counties cricket for Durham from 1909\u201314, and in a match for Chester-le-Street against the Tyne and Wear club Philadelphia at Bunker Hill in 1911 scored 207 not out in 90 minutes with 17 sixes \u2013 the highest individual score in the Durham Senior League. He was knighted for public service in 1939 and died in 1966, aged 80, without an obituary in _Wisden_. It was said: \"He and his brothers grew up with a great love of sports. No vision of double firsts at Oxford or Cambridge floated before their eyes; W. G. Grace was a greater hero to them than any scholar dead or living! The sound of a ball against a bat was to them the sweetest of all sounds. And to hit a half-volley plumb in the middle of the bat was the most delightful of all sensations.\"\n\n2ND LT HAROLD JAMES **BRADSHAW** (Norfolk Regt), died of wounds May 17, aged 24. Bradfield Coll.\n\nHe graduated from Oxford University in 1912. His unit, the Sandringham Pals, was also known as the Vanished Battalion as most of them perished in an attack at Suvla, Gallipoli, in August 1915; most were employed by the Royal Family on the Sandringham Estate. Bradshaw died as a prisoner of war in a Turkish hospital.\n\n2ND LT PERCY **BRAIDFORD** (Durham Light Infantry). Military Cross. Killed on September 21, aged 22. St Bees' School XI.\n\nNot Bradford as in _Wisden_. _LG_ (July 18, 1917) recorded his MC: \"He took command of the company during the attack, and although wounded in the head continued to lead it with the utmost coolness and courage. He set a fine example throughout, and remained at his post until the battalion was relieved.\" A brother, William, also a 2nd Lt in the DLI, was killed at the Somme on July 24, 1916, aged 23.\n\nLT JAMES ANDREW LEWTON **BRAIN** [see LEWTON-BRAIN]\n\nMAJOR WALTER GUY NICHOLAS **BRETON** , DSO (RGA), killed September 14, aged 29. Longton CC [Stoke-on-Trent].\n\n2ND LT CHARLES WILLIAM **BROWN** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), died of wounds May 23, aged 36. Merchiston XI, and for some years captain of the Gala CC.\n\nHe returned from France for treatment and is buried at Galashiels (Eastlands) Cemetery.\n\nLT DOUGLAS CROW **BROWN** (Royal Scots and MGC), died of wounds September 13, aged 25. He was captain of his House XI at Harrow and played for Wiltshire. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was one of four brothers who died within a year of each other: Eric Francis died on April 1, 1917, from wounds received in action in Mesopotamia, aged 27; Kenneth Edward (qv) died on April 13, 1918, aged 22; and Gerald Dick was killed in action in France the following day, aged 31. Their parents were James and Primrose Brown, of Eastrop Grange, Highworth, Wiltshire, who died broken-hearted shortly after the end of the war; there is a memorial window to their \"beloved sons\" in St Michael's Church, Highworth.\n\n2ND LT FOSS HUNTER **BROWN** (Royal Engineers), born May, 1898, killed July 31, aged 19. Felsted XI, 1915.\n\nBorn at Gosforth, Newcastle-on-Tyne, he is remembered on a brass plaque in St Mary's Church, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, where his parents lived.\n\nCAPT RICHARD AUSTIN **BROWN** (Canadian Infantry). Military Cross. Born at Toronto, October 21, 1896; died of wounds November 14. In XI at St Andrew's College, Toronto, in 1914. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe won the MC for his actions at Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917: \"... He took command of the Company during the advance, and led his men with great ability. He was instrumental in knocking an enemy machine-gun out which was causing casualties.\" He served through the fighting of that summer but was mortally wounded in the head while in command of his company on November 9 during the Battle of Passchendaele.\n\n2ND LT WALTER RAVENHILL **BROWN** (West Yorks Regt) Military Cross. Killed November 21, aged 34. Giggleswick Grammar School XI. Rugby football for Yorkshire.\n\nHis MC was awarded posthumously.\n\nREV GUY SYDNEY SPENCER **BRYAN-BROWN** (Chaplain to the Forces), killed October 4, aged 31. Tonbridge School XI, 1903-04... Hockey for Cambridge University.\n\nHe was a master at Trinity College, Glenalmond, from 1909.\n\n2ND LT JOHN **BRYANS** (Loyal North Lancs Regt), died of wounds, October 28, aged 21. Elstow School XI, 1912, 1913.\n\n**RFMN THOMAS JAMES **BRYDEN** (New Zealand Rifle Brigade) died at Ypres on October 12, aged 40. He was born at Invercargill, Southland, NZ, on June 1, 1877. He played two matches for Otago in March 1913 and February 1914; in the second, against Canterbury at Dunedin, he had been allowed to replace the captain, Henry Siedeberg, after he dislocated a finger while fielding on the first day. Bryden's name is on the Memorial at Tyne Cot, a site which marks the furthest point reached by Commonwealth forces in Belgium until near the end of the war.\n\nCAPT EDWARD **BUCKLEY** (York and Lancaster Regt) born 1887; killed September 30. Worksop College XI; St Catherine's College (Camb) XI. Wounded in 1915. Mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe and his brother Roy, below, are commemorated on the memorial at Riby, Grimsby.\n\nCAPT HUMPHREY PAUL STENNETT **BUCKLEY** (East Yorks Regt), killed July 29. St Bees School 1912\u201314.\n\nLT ROY **BUCKLEY** (Manchester Regt), born at Grimsby, March 11, 1894, died of wounds January 9. Secretary to the Wanderers' CC, of Edmonton (Alberta).\n\nBrother of Edward, above.\n\nBRIG-GEN CHARLES BULKELEY **BULKELEY-JOHNSON** (ADC to the King), born 1867, killed April 11, aged 49. Regimental cricketer and a good bat. Had received the Order of St George (3rd class) and was an Officer of the Legion of Honour.\n\nHe commanded 8th Cavalry Brigade and was killed while carrying out a personal reconnaissance of the enemy near Monchy-le-Preux. He was the 30th British general to die on the Western Front.\n\nCAPT GODFREY HUGH St PIERRE **BUNBURY** (Indian Infantry), killed February 1, aged 22. Eastbourne College XI, 1912.\n\nHe won two gold medals and the Anson Memorial Sword at Sandhurst. He was appointed acting captain to command a double company in Mesopotamia, and was killed near Kut 1 leading his men into action.\n\nCAPT ROWLAND **BURDON** (RFC), killed in aeroplane accident near Leeds, January 10, aged 23. At Eton he played several times for the XI, but owing to a mishap to his knee did not get his colours.\n\nHe went on to University College, Oxford. After being invalided home from France in June 1916, he was sent to Tadcaster (Bramham) Aerodrome as an instructor where he and another officer died when their plane crashed in flames.\n\nPTE ALBERT DELPH **BURROWS** (Canadian Infantry), born at London (Canada) September 8, 1883; killed August 15. Lynn Valley CC, of Vancouver (BC).\n\nLT OWEN LYNDON **BURT** (RFC), killed July 23. Felsted XI, 1914.\n\nHis plane was shot down in flames while on an artillery patrol in France; the pilot was also killed.\n\nMAJOR STEPHEN JOHN **BURTON** (Coldstream Guards), born 1882, killed July 20, aged 34. Played in the Household Brigade XI, and for his Battalion.\n\nLT GEOFFREY LEWIS **BUTLER** (Lancs Fusiliers), killed May 15, aged 20. Haileybury XI.\n\n**PTE NORMAN FRANK **CALLAWAY** (Australian Infantry) killed in action at Bullecourt on May 3, aged 21. He was born at Hay, New South Wales, on April 5, 1896. A right-hand bat, he scored heavily in grade cricket for Paddington and then played his single fc match for NSW against Queensland in February 1915, when he scored 207. Queensland were dismissed for 137 and by the end of the first day Callaway was on 125; he and Charles Macartney (103) added 256 for the fifth wicket as NSW totalled 468, and Queensland, for whom George Poeppel (see below) was playing, were routed a second time for 100. The _Sydney Morning Herald_ predicted: \"He certainly should rise to great heights, all going well with him.\" Callaway enlisted in the AIF in 1916 and arrived in France at the end of the year. He was at first listed as missing in action at the second Battle of Bullecourt on May 3, 1917, and in September it was confirmed that he died on that day.\n\nLT COLIN GERNON PALMER **CAMPBELL** , MC (RFA), born at Weymouth (Nova Scotia), November 22, 1894; killed October 10. Played for the Weymouth CC of Nova Scotia.\n\nSix Campbell brothers served in the war; Kenneth Archibald was killed in action on January 23, 1917.\n\n2ND LT MAURICE **CANE** (RFA), born in 1882; killed on August 4. Was a member of the Victoria CC of British Columbia. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe was born at Celbridge, Co Kildare.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR JOHN EDWARD **CAREY** (Gordon Highlanders), killed August 22, aged 22. Malvern 1914...\n\n2ND LT GILBERT TRENCHARD **CARRE** , MC (Royal West Kent Regt), killed November 20, aged 25. King's School, Canterbury, XI, 1909. Twice wounded.\n\nHe was awarded the MC for gallantry at Loos on October 8, 1915, when he led a bombing party all day and collapsed through sheer exhaustion. The novelist Alan Thomas wrote of Carre's death at Cambrai in his 1968 autobiography _A Life Apart_ : \"The next morning I saw Gilbert lying on the ground. He had been carried from the place where he had fallen near Lateau Wood to the ruins of Pam-Pam Farm. In his eagerness he had rushed ahead of his men, careless of his safety. He had been killed instantly by a bullet through the heart. There was hardly any trace of the wound on his uniform, beyond a small hole. His eyes were closed and his features were calm and unaltered. His pockets had already been emptied by the stretcher- bearers, but they had left his whistle, which still hung by a strap from one of the buttons of his tunic. It was one of the whistles I had handed out to him at Noeux and for which he had given me a receipt \u2013 'Received four sirens' (I have that receipt still). I unfastened the whistle and did the tunic button up again. For a little while I stood looking down at him, trying to understand what had happened. Then I came away.\n\nBut the worst eruption of the General's temper occurred during Gilbert's funeral. Five of our officers were buried that day, Alderman, Gilbert and three others. They were buried in a common grave. The funeral service was held at 7.30 in the morning. A little knot of us, including the General, stood by the side of the grave while the Padre read the service. He was a nervous little man, the Padre, and his voice reminded one of a stage curate's. That in itself was enough to irritate the General (and the rest of us, too, for the matter of that). Also it happened to be raining and we all of us wanted our breakfast \u2013 mitigations but not excuses for the General's outburst. 'Ashes to ashes, dust to dust,' quoth the Padre, taking up a handful of earth and scattering it upon the first body. 'Ashes to ashes, dust to dust,' he repeated, taking up another handful of earth and scattering it upon the second body. The General shifted from one foot to the other and heaved a very audible sigh. 'Ashes to ashes, dust to dust,' began the Padre, stooping for yet another handful of earth. The General exploded. 'That's the third time you've said that!' he exclaimed. 'Why must you keep repeating yourself?' Even the tough ones among us were shocked at this interruption of the funeral service. We took deep breaths and looked down our noses. The Padre made a feeble attempt to stand his ground. 'The Church ordains, sir,' he said, 'that those words shall be spoken over each body.' The General shrugged his shoulders. 'Get on with it,' was all he said.\n\nTo his shame the Padre funked the rest. Forsaking the ordinances of the Church he scattered his last handful of earth upon the three remaining bodies, hurrying through the words as best he might. In another two minutes the service was over. I walked back with the General in silence. At breakfast he turned to me suddenly and said: 'You think I was right, don't you, Thomas, to stop that fellow repeating himself like that?' Fortunately, before I could answer, he retracted the question. 'Oh, well. I daresay I was a bit impatient,' he grumbled. 'Let's forget it.'\"\n\nTwo brothers also died: Maurice Tennant on September 2, 1915, aged 31, and Edward Mervyn on October 16, 1916, aged 22; all three are commemorated on the village memorial at Smarden, Kent, where their father was the former rector. Gilbert had a twin brother, Meyrick Heath, who won the MC and later wrote three books on philosophy; he died in 1974.\n\n2ND LT ALAN SIMPSON **CARTE** (London Regt), born August, 1883; killed June 9. City of London School XI, 1910, 1911.\n\nCAPT WALTER LIONEL **CARVER** (Herefords Regt), killed November 6, aged 34. Hereford Cathedral School XI. Captain of Weston-super-Mare CC.\n\n2ND LT WILFRID GERVASE **CARY-ELWES** (Irish Guards), killed November 27, aged 19. Downside College XI, 1914.\n\nMAJOR WILLIAM ARCHER **CASEY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Fingal (Ont), April 14, 1887; killed on September 8. A member of the Victoria CC of British Columbia. { _W1919_ }\n\nLT ERIC DENISON SEYMOUR **CASSWELL** (Rifle Brigade, attd RFC). Wounded twice. Killed November 7, aged 23. Tonbridge School XI. { _W1919_ }\n\nAfter serving in France, he trained for the RFC in the summer of 1917 and returned to the front early in October as an observer in a night-flying squadron; he was killed in action together with his pilot. His brother Arthur won the DSC in 1915 as a naval officer and played for the Royal Navy against the New Zealanders at Portsmouth in 1927; he died in 1940. Their father Henry, a pupil and then teacher at Cranleigh School, formed the Old Cranleighans but sent both sons to Tonbridge.\n\nMAJOR CYRIL FRANCIS **CATTLEY** (The Buffs). Military Cross. Killed November 30, aged 29. Oxford Seniors 1910. { _W1919_ }\n\nDRIVER LEONARD PHILLIP **CAVE** (New Zealand Field Artillery), died of wounds, October 18. Wanganui College XI. Played for Wanganui and in West Coast cricket. The best of six cricketing brothers. Fast bowler, brilliant field, and steady bat. { _W1919_ }\n\n2ND LT ERIC OSBORNE **CHAMPION** (South Lancs Regt), killed June 11, aged 21. Rugby XI, 1914.\n\nHe fought at the Somme in 1916 and was invalided to England for three months with heart trouble. He returned to France in April 1917. At the beginning of June the South Lancs were billeted in what had once been a girls' school between the Menin Road and Zillebeke, and were subjected to a noticeable increase in German artillery fire. They lost two officers and 17 other ranks were killed, with more than 126 other ranks wounded plus losses due to gas and shell shock. The regimental history concludes: \"The bulk of these losses were incurred whilst in billets, which bears out the contention sometimes made that, under modern conditions, the front line is sometimes safer, and more peaceful, than the back areas.\" Champion was killed by shell fragments.\n\nPTE AUBREY TORRINGTON **CHAPPLE** (ASC Motor Transport), died at the Military Hospital, Fulham, May 3, aged 34. Bedford School XI. Well-known oarsman.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR NESBIT **CHARLTON** (Norfolk Regt). Military Cross. Killed November 30, aged 22. Westminster XI, 1912\u201313\u201314.\n\nHis MC was gazetted on June 4, 1917.\n\nMAJOR REGINALD BURTON **CHARSLEY** (King's Liverpool Regt). Wounded twice. Mentioned in Despatches four times. Killed November 30, aged 29. Dover College XI; Regimental cricket and Lahore Gymkhana XI. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe was killed in France when in command of his battalion, having gone up the day before to relieve his colonel. Some 177 former pupils of Dover College died in the war.\n\nCAPT ALFRED DOUGLAS **CHERRY** (Dorset Regt attached Somerset Light Infantry), killed Easter Monday, April 4, aged 28. Regimental cricket. Dorset County XI.\n\nHis brother Kenneth Charles died on December 21, 1915, aged 22. Both are commemorated on the Blandford School war memorial.\n\nCAPT EDWARD RANDALL **CHETHAM-STRODE** (Border Regt), killed October 1, aged 26. St Paul's XI, 1909. Wicketkeeper and left-handed bat. Had an average of 17. Wounded in 1916.\n\nHis brother Warren won the MC and became an author and playwright; he died in 1974.\n\nCAPT LAURENCE DRURY **CHIDSON** , MC (King's Royal Rifles), killed April 23, aged 22. Dulwich College XI, 1914. Had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT JAMES MALCOLM **CHITTY** (Grenadier Guards), fell in action in France on December 1, aged 19. He was in the Eton XI in 1915, when he had a batting average of 24.00. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT NIGEL **CHOVEAUX** (South Staffs Regt), killed March 14, aged 27. Victoria College (Jersey) XI.\n\n**MAJOR GOTHER ROBERT CARLISLE **CLARKE** (34 Bn, Australian Infantry) was killed in action at Ypres on October 12, aged 42. He was born at North Sydney, NSW, on April 27, 1875. A leg-break bowler, he took four for 98, including the wickets of Ranjitsinhji and Hayward, in a two-day match for Australian Universities against A. E. Stoddart's XI at the University Oval, Sydney, in February 1898. He played seven matches for NSW between December 1899 and March 1902 and took 28 wickets in all, with a best of six for 133 in his second game, against A. C. McLaren's XI at Sydney in November 1901 when he took ten for 231 in the match. A GP, he operated a practice from his home in Wahroonga, where he is remembered on the war memorial. He joined the AIF as a medical officer in 1915, was appointed regimental medical officer in 1916, and was promoted to major in 1917. He was MiD for \"conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty\" on the day of his death for remaining at his regimental aid post attending the wounded at Passchendaele, despite heavy bombardment. He was killed outright by a shell. He is also commemorated by a bell in the War Memorial Carillon at the University of Sydney, where he studied, and by a headstone at St Thomas' Church in North Sydney, where his parents lived. He is buried at Buttes New British Cemetery, Polygon Wood. The wood changed hands several times during the war; Australian troops took it at the end of September 1917 but the Germans reclaimed it the following year during the Spring Offensive.\n\nCAPT SYDNEY HERBERT **CLARKE** (Wilts Regt attached RFC), died of wounds September 2, aged 20. Marlborough College XI. Military Cross and Bar.\n\nCAPT CHARLES **CLARKSON** (Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regt) died at the front February 12, aged 37. For some years one of the mainstays of the King's Cross CC of Yorkshire.\n\nLT MAURICE ARUNDEL **CLARKSON** (Canadian Field Artillery), born at Toronto, April 1, 1893, died of wounds April 21. Upper Canada College XI, 1911.\n\nCAPT HORACE EDWARD HENKERSFELD **CLAYTON-SMITH** (King's Own Yorks Light Infantry), killed July 23, aged 26. Pontefract CC. A useful all-round player; best as a bat. Military Cross.\n\nA brother, Albert, died on December 19, 1915, aged 34.\n\n*LT EDWARD CHARLES **COLEMAN** (RFA), killed April 2, aged 25. Dulwich College XI, 1907\u201308\u201309\u201310. Excellent wicketkeeper. Pembroke (Camb) XI. Played in a few matches for Essex.\n\nHe played for Oxford and Cambridge Universities against Army and Navy at Portsmouth in 1911 and two matches for Essex in 1912. He was killed in the trenches at Salonika. A brother, Herbert Edward Evatt, died on September 9, 1916, aged 23.\n\n*LT FREDERICK BISSET **COLLINS** (Australian Infantry), born February 25, 1881; killed October 4. Scotch Coll (Melbourne) XI. East Melbourne CC XI from 1898-99 onwards, his bowling summary for the club being 15,039 balls, 5,896 runs, 422 wickets, average 13. Played for Victoria 1899-1900 to 1908-09. In inter-state games took 122 wickets for 3,267 runs, and against English sides 20 wickets for 420. Gave up cricket early owing to a strain. Excellent slip, useful bat, and bowled medium-pace, with big off-break and a deceptive flight. Could bowl a really fast ball. Height 6ft 1in. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe played in 37 fc matches, including for The Rest v Australian XI at Sydney in March 1908.\n\nLT JOHN ALPHONSUS **CONMEE** (York and Lancaster Regt), killed May 3, aged 29. Captain of Eleven at the Catholic University School, Dublin.\n\nLT CECIL HADDON **COOK** (Manchester Regt), killed October 22, aged 21. Watson's College: captain of XI in 1914. A hard-hitting bat.\n\n2ND LT HENRY RODHAM **COOK** (Manchester Regt), killed September 7, aged 34. Manchester XI, captain in 1902.\n\nHe was an intelligence officer with 12 Bn; he is buried at Sunken Road Cemetery, Fampoux, France. His name is on the Foreigners' Great War Memorial at Yokohama, Japan.\n\nCAPT HANS HENDRICK ANTHONY **COOKE** (Connaught Rangers, attd Nigerian Regt), killed in German East Africa, January 24, aged 32. St John's Leatherhead School, 1900\u201301-02, captain for two seasons. Cambridgeshire XI.\n\nHe was born on May 24, 1884, at Comragh, Co Waterford, joined the Connaught Rangers from the Special Reserve in December 1909, and saw a great deal of foreign service. He was killed at Ngwembe while trying to get a fellow officer away from the line of fire when they were attacking a strong German position. His name is on the Nairobi British and Indian Memorial in Kenya. His father was vicar of St Paul's, Brentford.\n\nPTE WALTER HENRY **COOPER** (Canadian Infantry), Trinity College, Port Hope XI, 1884\u201385. Born in Huron County, September 29, 1872, killed April 12, aged 46. Rosedale CC of Toronto. Played for Canada v United States in 1896 and 1897. In 1896 he made over 1,000 runs and took more than 100 wickets.\n\nHe represented Canada four times in the international series with the US. He may have lied about his age when he enlisted in February 1916 and went overseas in September as a sergeant; in the spring of 1917 he reverted to private. He died three days after the capture of Vimy Ridge, presumably of wounds received in action.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM MARSDEN **COOPER** (Worcs Regt), killed February 17, aged 19. Reading School; had captained the Eleven.\n\n*TPR ALBERT **COTTER** (Australian Light Horse), born December 3, 1884; killed at Beersheba, October 20. New South Wales and Australia.\n\nAlbert Cotter was the successor to Ernest Jones as Australia's fast bowler, coming to England with the teams of 1905 and 1909. His first trip was not an unqualified success. It is true that in all matches he took 124 wickets for less than 20 runs apiece, but up to a certain point of the tour he had so little command over his length that his bowling was a quaint mixture of long-hops and full pitches. Still, irregular as he was, his extreme pace often made him dangerous. He gained greatly in command over the ball when he shortened his run and in the last Test match, at The Oval, he bowled splendidly on a perfect wicket, his pace being terrific. In 1909 his bowling came out very badly for the whole tour, but he had a big share in winning the Test match at Leeds, taking five wickets in England's second innings at a cost of only 38 runs. For several seasons Cotter was the fast bowler of the New South Wales XI. He will never be ranked among the great Australian bowlers, but on his day he was deadly. \u2013 S. H. P.\n\n_Albert 'Tibby' Cotter_\n\nSome of his best performances were:\n\n4 wickets for 5 runs, NSW v Queensland, at Brisbane, 1903-04.\n\n7 for 15 and 12 for 34, Australia v Worcestershire, at Worcester, 1905.\n\nTook four wickets in four balls for Glebe v Sydney, at Wentworth Park, April 29, 1911. { _W1919_ }\n\nIt is generally accepted that \"Tibby\" Cotter, who was acting as a stretcher-bearer, was shot by a Turk after the charge at Beersheba by the 12th and 4th Australian Light Horse regiments. But a theory has been advanced that he was fatally wounded when a Turk prisoner committed an act of perfidy.\n\nCAPT WALTER McFARLANE **COULTER** (Highland Light Infantry). Military Cross. Killed May 20, aged 26. Glasgow High School XI. Poloc CC.\n\nThe citation ( _LG_ , March 26, 1917) for his MC states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during a raid on the enemy's trenches. He led his men with great dash and the success of the raid was largely due to his personal coolness and initiative. He has on many occasions done fine work.\" His name is on the memorial at Poloc CC, Glasgow, and also of Queens Park FC at Hampden Park, Glasgow.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE **COWIE** (RFC), killed October 22, aged 18. Rugby XI. { _W1919_ }\n\nDuring an engagement with a large enemy formation, he fell from a great height behind the enemy lines when his Sopwith Pup collided with another from his own squadron.\n\nLT GEORGE BLEAZARD **COWPE** (Cheshire Regt), killed July 31, aged 22. Burnley Grammar School, captain of XI.\n\nHe went on to Manchester University School of Technology in preparation to enter his father's cotton-manufacturing business. He was killed at St Julien leading his company in an attack, four days after being promoted to lieutenant.\n\nCAPT EUSTACE RICHARD ALAN CALTHROP **COX** (Devon Regt), born at Lynton, 1887, died of illness contracted at the Front, March 18. Bradfield XI, 1904\u201305\u201306, captain in 1906. Twice mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe won the MC. He is buried at St Andrew's Churchyard, Bradfield, Berkshire; his name is on the Lynton and Lynmouth war memorial.\n\n*MAJOR MAURICE EDWARD **COXHEAD** (Royal Fusiliers), born May 24, 1889, in London, killed May 3. Eastbourne College XI, captain in 1908. Oxford Freshmen 1909, Seniors 1910 and 1911, Brasenose (Ox) XI, Middlesex XI (two matches), Free Foresters, Oxford Harlequins. Good bat, bowled fast right-hand.\n\nHe played three matches for Oxford University in 1909 and 1910, and turned out against them for Gentlemen of England in 1910; his two matches for Middlesex were in 1911. He took 13 wickets in his six matches, with a best return of five for 53 on his debut for the university against Kent. He gained his commission on leaving university in July 1910. He was killed in action near Monchy, France; his name is on the war memorial in Sidmouth, Devon, the home of his wife Dorothea.\n\nCAPT JOHN BEVERLEY **CRAIK** (RFA), killed on June 3, aged 38. Blair Lodge XI and Forfarshire, Calcutta CC.\n\nHis name is on a memorial tablet listing 13 members of Forfarshire CC at Forthill sports ground in Broughty Ferry, Dundee; Capt T. H. B. Rorie (qv), who was killed in 1916, is also listed.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR BARNARD LIFFORD **CROSBY** (Durham Light Infantry), died of wounds, April 24, aged 22. Sherborne XI, 1912 and 1913.\n\nHis name is the first on the war memorial outside Christ Church, Great Ayton, north Yorkshire; below it is that of his younger brother, Timothy Hugh Stowell, who was killed in February 1918.\n\n2ND LT FRANK ALAN **CROSS** (Gloucs Regt), killed February 25, aged 21. Birmingham Old Edwardians.\n\nCAPT CECIL **CUNDALL** (Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers). Military Cross. Killed November 30, aged 21. Dover College XI, 1913.\n\nMAJOR WALTER EYRE **CURRY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto, February 28, 1891, killed April 9. Upper Canada College XI, 1901.\n\nLT WILLIAM LYNEDOCH **CURWEN** (RGA) Military Cross and Bar. Died of wounds October 30, aged 33. Glenalmond.\n\nHis MC was gazetted on February 13, 1917: \"On two occasions, as forwarding observing officer, he displayed great courage and determination, and succeeded in bringing effective fire to bear on the enemy.\" The Bar was awarded posthumously: \"When acting as forward observation officer, he displayed great daring when our troops were driven back in his immediate vicinity. Remaining calmly at his post, he reported to headquarters the progress of events, and did everything possible to rally the men and retrieve the situation, being severely wounded while so doing.\"\n\n*LT EDWARD HEDLEY **CUTHBERTSON** (Royal Warwicks Regt), born December 15, 1889, killed July 24. Malvern; Cambridge Freshmen, 1908; Seniors, 1909 and 1910. He played a few times for the University, but did not get his Blue. Clare (Camb) XI, Hertfordshire; made 151 v MCC and Ground at Lord's, 1910. Sound defensive left-hand bat and good wicketkeeper. A member of the MCC since 1909. Got his Blue for Association football.\n\nHe played two games for Cambridge University in 1908 and 1910, both against Sussex at Fenner's, and for MCC (captained by Gilbert Jessop) against Cambridge University at Lord's in 1914. His brother, Geoffrey Bourke, played firstly for Middlesex and then captained Northamptonshire, for whom he played in 43 matches without ever being on the winning side; when he died in 1993, aged 92, he was the joint-senior member of MCC, having been elected in 1919.\n\nLT FAIRFAX LLEWELLYN **DAVIES** (Norfolk Regt attached West Yorks), killed July 8, aged 26. Haileybury XI.\n\nCAPT CECIL **DAVIS** (Welsh Regt), killed March 27, aged 21. Farnborough School (captain of XI two years). Wellington College XI.\n\n2ND LT THE HON GEORGE SEYMOUR **DAWSON-DAMER** (10th Hussars), died of wounds April 13, aged 24. Winchester XI, 1910. New College (Oxford) XI.\n\nHe was a son of the 5th Earl of Portarlington.\n\nL\/CPL GEORGE THOMAS **DEELEY** (York and Lancaster Regt), killed June 7. Well-known in Birmingham district. A former secretary of the Birmingham Suburban Cricket League.\n\nMAJOR HARRY **DENISON** , DSO (RHA), died of wounds, August 28, aged 35. Played for his House at Eton. As a boy took nine wickets for one run in a match \u2013 five in an over. Member of MCC since 1905.\n\nHe served at Gallipoli and in battles on the Somme, Messines, Vimy Ridge, Ypres and Langemarck.\n\nMAJOR WILLIAM HENRY **DENNE** , DSO (Bedfords Regt), born 1876, died of wounds, February 21, received at Neuve-Chapelle two years before. Cheltenham XI, 1894 and 1895. Slow left-hand bowler, very good on slow wickets.\n\nHe had served in the South African war. He won the DSO in the action in which he was severely wounded on March 12, 1915. He is buried at St Michael's Church, Brimpsfield, Gloucestershire, where his father had been rector.\n\nPTE PHILLIP WALTER **DETMOLD** (Canadian Infantry), born in London, November 25, 1894; died of wounds April 18. St Jude's CC, of Winnipeg.\n\nCAPT JOHN SHEDDEN **DOBBIE** (Gordon Highlanders), born July 25, 1894; killed October 5. Weymouth College XI (Nova Scotia), 1909 and 1910. Captain of XI at Highfield School (Hamilton, Ont), in 1913. {W1919}\n\nHis obituary in the _Highfield Review_ stated: 'He was the second of Col Dobbie's four soldier sons to give his life's blood for the Empire. He had but recently recovered from severe wounds. He enlisted in the First Contingent with a British Columbian Battalion. On arriving in England he was given a Commission in the Gordon Highlanders. He was one of the best athletes the School has ever had, being pre-eminent both in cricket and football. He played on a Championship team of the Hamilton Tigers while a boy at School. The hero worship which was his, as a matter of course, was used for good, and he was most unassuming and retiring. He had a strong character which was conspicuous for conscientiousness and religious influence.'\n\n2ND LT ERNEST JOHN **DODD** (RFA), born May 22, 1892, killed July 17, aged 25. St Alban's School XI and Hertfordshire XI. Had previously been wounded.\n\nMAJOR ARNOLD INMAN **DRAPER** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed October 21, aged 35. Rossall XI, 1898; Rock Ferry CC. Hockey international. Had been wounded.\n\n2ND LT HERBERT GEORGE **DRIFFIELD** (West Kent Regt). Brother of L. T. Died of wounds August 1, aged 35. Monkton Combe School XI; St Catherine's (Camb) XI; Freshmen at Cambridge, 1902.\n\nHis brother, Lancelot Townshend, played for Cambridge University and Northamptonshire; he was appointed in June 1912 to serve as Lieutenant with the Officers' Training Corps at St John's School, Leatherhead, where he was assistant master and where he died suddenly of heart disease on October 9, 1917, aged 37. His obituary appears in the same 1918 _Wisden_ as Herbert, under \"Other Deaths in 1917\".\n\nFLT-LT LINDSAY **DRUMMOND** (RFC), born at Toronto, July 1, 1893; killed May 18. Upper Canada College, Toronto, 1910.\n\n2ND LT KENNETH **DUNCAN** (Devon Regt), killed May 9, aged 23. Greenock Academy XI.\n\n2ND LT MARTIN **DUNN** (Black Watch), killed May 16, aged 23. Montrose CC and Forfarshire. A bowler. Had previously been wounded.\n\nLT REGINALD HEBER MARION **DURAND** (Indian Cavalry), died of wounds, June 29, aged 25. Cheltenham XI, 1910...\n\nCAPT ROBERT ANDREW **EAKIN** (King's Shrops Light Infantry), born 1883, died September 24, of wounds received in October 1914. Military cricket.\n\nBorn in the West Indies, where his father was a doctor, he was sent to England to be educated at Wellington College. He was wounded at the battle of Le Quesne on October 22, 1914. He married on May 5, 1917, and died at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, near Southampton, later that year; he is buried at Holy Cross, Greenford, west London, where his gravestone wrongly gives the year of death as 1918.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK ARTHUR JERVIS **EASTWOOD** (RFA), killed June 6, aged 22. Sedbergh XI, 1911 and 1912. Manchester University XI.\n\nHe was killed in action near Ypres.\n\nPTE JESSE CLARENCE **EATON** (South Staffs Regt), killed on March 14, aged 31. Walsall CC, in Birmingham League; in 1909 he had an average of 26.13, and in the same year he took seven wickets for four runs against Smethwick. Played in one match for Staffordshire in 1910. Stylish bat and good bowler.\n\nLT JOHN NORRIS **EATON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Dore, Derbyshire, October 15, 1896, killed April 5. St John's CC of Calgary, Alberta.\n\nLT FRANK GOODAIR **EDGE** (Loyal North Lancs), killed August 10, aged 35. Blackpool CC XI several seasons.\n\nSGT JAMES HENRY **EDMONDSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Bradford (Yorks), February 4, 1886, killed February 25. Secretary of the Point Grey CC of British Columbia.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM ARMINE **EDWARDS** (Pembroke and Glamorgan Yeomanry), died of wounds, November 1, aged 25. Swansea CC and Glamorgan County XI.\n\nBorn in May 1892 in Sketty, Swansea, he went from Harrow to Cambridge where he represented Trinity Hall at both rugby and cricket, but did not make the university teams and left without taking a degree. In May 1913 he was called up by the Glamorgan selectors to keep wicket in the Minor Counties Championship match against Surrey Second Eleven, and in June appeared for the Gentlemen of Glamorgan against the Players of Glamorgan. In 1914 he married his childhood sweetheart and in mid-July again kept wicket for the Gentlemen of Glamorgan, this time against the Gentlemen of Carmarthenshire; when the teams met again the following week, he played solely as a batsman and also claimed a couple of wickets with his seam bowling.\n\nEdwards briefly saw action in August 1915 at Suvla Bay, Gallipoli. After time back in the UK and in France, he was redeployed again into the Egyptian Expeditionary Force and left in October 1916 to serve in the Middle East. After a year in Palestine, he was involved in the assault on Beersheba, leading a platoon in an attack on the western flank when he suffered a severe shrapnel wound and died the following day.\n\nCAPT JOHN WILLIAM **EGERTON-GREEN** (Rifle Brigade), died of wounds, October 9, aged 25. Member of MCC since 1914; Eton Ramblers; Oxford Authentics; Colchester CC; Gentlemen of Essex.\n\nHis brother Charles died on July 1, 1916, aged 20.\n\n2ND LT CECIL VICTOR **ERWOOD** (King's Royal Rifles), killed February 17, aged 22. Bath Association CC and King Edward's School XI. Fast bowler.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE FREDERICK **FARMILOE** (HAC), killed June 26, aged 32. Not in Eleven at Uppingham. Trinity Hall (Camb) XI. Hampstead CC, scoring 107 v University College School in 1912.\n\nCAPT DONALD **FARQUHARSON-ROBERTS** , MC (East Surrey Regt), born 1892; killed November 20. Bedford Grammar School and Bedfordshire.\n\nHe died at the battle of Cambrai when tanks were first used to break through the German wire, the infantry following under the cover of smoke barrages. His MC was gazetted posthumously on January 1, 1918.\n\nCAPT BERTRAM JAMES ACTON **FAWCETT** (East Lancs Regt), died of wounds April 24, aged 24. Cheltenham XI, 1911-12. Colombo CC, playing v the Australians in 1912. A member of the Ceylon teams to Rangoon in 1912-13 season and to Calcutta in 1912-13. During latter tour he scored 114 and 57 v Rangoon.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM RUPERT COMPTON **FFOLKES** (KRRC), killed in action December 30; born August 7, 1898. Radley XI, 1916. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe did not take up a place at Christ Church, Oxford, but started service on September 12, 1917.\n\nLT RODERICK HAMILTON **FINLAYSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Lochiel, South Australia; died of wounds April 20, aged 21. A member of the Incogniti CC, of Victoria (BC). { _W1919_ }\n\nL\/CPL ROBERT BROWNING **FIRTH** (London Rifle Brigade), died of wounds, September 26, aged 30. Dulwich XI, 1905 and 1906. Trial games at Cambridge. Was a capital bat at Dulwich, having an average of 50 in 1905.\n\nLT ARTHUR DAVID **FLETT** (Royal Scots), killed April 9, aged 37. Leys School XI, 1898; Secretary and Treasurer of the Scottish Rugby Union.\n\nHis brother, William Henry, died on April 19, 1916, aged 34, in an action for which he was awarded the MC.\n\nCAPT THOMAS **FREDERICK** (Norfolk Regt). Military Cross. Died of wounds December 14, aged 24. Aldenham XI, 1910, 1911 and 1912, and Regimental cricket.\n\nHis brother Roger, born in 1900, fought in both world wars and died in 1991.\n\n2ND LT JOHN ROLAND **FREEMAN** (Northumberland Fusiliers), died of wounds, February 12, aged 20. King's College, London: captain of XI.\n\nMiD.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS HUGO **FRENCH** (RFC), born 1895, killed (flying accident) January 13. King's School, Canterbury XI, 1911.\n\nAccording to _De Ruvigny's Roll of Honour_ , he served in France and Flanders from November 1915, \"and while there was highly commended for his shooting, being offered special leave for a very clever sniping feat\". He obtained a commission in the RFC in August 1916. He was killed when he was flying near Leeds and was caught in a snowstorm: his plane was forced to descend and crashed into some trees and caught fire. He is buried at St Michael's Church, Woodham Walter, Essex.\n\n2ND LT NEVIL FORD **FURZE** (The Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), killed March 14, aged 19. Westminster School XI, 1914.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM NEWLYN **GALE** (York and Lancaster Regt) was killed near Bullecourt on May 3, aged 22. In 1912 and 1913 he was a member of the Dover College XI. Had been wounded in February, 1917. { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT LEONARD FRANCIS **GANDAR-DOWER** (HAC), killed May 3, aged 27. Brighton College XI. { _W1919_ }\n\n*MAJOR HAROLD GWYER **GARNETT** (South Wales Borderers), born November 19, 1879, was killed on the Italian front at the beginning of December. [He was in fact killed at Cambrai, France, on December 3.] Harold Garnett will be remembered as a distinguished member of the Lancashire Eleven. Tried twice for his county towards the end of the season of 1900, he jumped into fame the following year, playing so finely that he seemed likely to become the best left-handed bat in England. His style was attractive and his hitting very brilliant. Against Sussex at Manchester he scored 110 and 89, and in two other matches \u2013 against Leicestershire at Leicester and Middlesex at Lord's \u2013 he made over a hundred, his scores being 139 and 114. As the result of his season's work he came out second to Tyldesley in the Lancashire averages. On the strength of this performance he was chosen to go to Australia with Mr McLaren's team, but he failed, doing next to nothing during the tour. He was so obviously out of form that he was given few chances. For several seasons, till business took him to the Argentine, Garnett batted exceedingly well for Lancashire, but he never quite equalled his efforts in 1901. Returning to England in 1911 and again in 1914 he renewed his connection with the Lancashire Eleven. In 1914 he had developed into a first-rate wicketkeeper, and strictly on his merits he was picked for Gentlemen v Players at Lord's. He proved fully worthy of the distinction, and had no small share in winning the match. The way in which he stumped Hitch in the Players' second innings would have been wonderful even if done by Blackham at his best. Garnett volunteered at the outbreak of the War, and soon obtained a commission. \u2013S. H. P.\n\nLT LAURENCE HENRY **GARNETT** (RFA), killed June 7, aged 25. Radley XI and Brasenose (Ox) College XI.\n\nHis brother, Claude Lionel, died on December 31, 1915, aged 31.\n\n**SGT LAURENCE FRANK **GATENBY** (Australian Infantry) died of wounds at Armentieres on January 14, aged 25. He was born at Epping Forest, Tasmania, on April 10, 1889. He played two matches for Tasmania in February and March 1914. He played in grade cricket for South Launceston and in 1914 hit that club's record individual score of 367, out of 617; Stan McKenzie (qv 1915) was a team-mate.\n\nLT ALAN FERRIER **GATES** (RFA), born at London (Ont), June 11, 1896; killed August 21. Was a member of the Ridley College (Ont) XI in 1914. { _W1919_ }\n\nCAPT LAWRENCE **GEHRS** [see GJERS]\n\n2ND LT JAMES GUTHRIE **GIBSON** (Cameron Highlanders), died of wounds in Germany, September 12, aged 26. Glenalmond XI, 1909\u201310\u201311.\n\nHe had been wounded and taken prisoner on August 1.\n\n2ND LT SAMUEL ARCHIBALD CURRIE **GIBSON** (Wilts Regt attached Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry), died of wounds August 26, aged 28. Christ's Hospital XI, Exeter College (Ox) XI. Had previously been wounded. Won Military Cross.\n\nTPR JOHN DANIEL **GIFFORD** (Sportsman's Brigade), died July 8, aged 45. Denbighshire XI. An old Westminster boy.\n\nHe played for South v North at Buenos Aires, Argentina, in December 1894.\n\n*GNR FAIRFAX **GILL** (RFA), born September 3, 1883; died of wounds November 1, aged 34. Yorkshire (two matches) 1906; Yorkshire 2nd XI; Ossett CC since 1910.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM GERALD OLIVER **GILL** (Essex Regt), killed March 27, aged 21. Dulwich College XI, 1913, when, with 113 as his best score, he had an average of 26, coming out fourth for a strong side. Left-handed bat with good defence, a good field. Played for Young Amateurs of Surrey in 1913.\n\nCAPT LAWRENCE **GJERS** (Seaforth Highlanders), killed October 4, aged 25. Charterhouse 1909\u201310\u201311. Trinity College XI, at Cambridge. Played Association football for Cambridge. { _W1919_ }\n\nNot Gehrs as in _Wisden 1919_.\n\nPTE THOMAS **GLASS** (Canadian Infantry), born August 28, 1879, at Bradninch (Devon); died (of illness), September 13. Captain of the West Toronto CC. Highest score: 116 not out for West Toronto v Yorkshire Society, 1915.\n\n2ND LT JOHN VICTOR ARIEL **GLEED** (RFC), killed July 7, aged 20. Uppingham 2nd XI.\n\nHe took part in a big aerial combat over the enemy lines, and his name appeared in a German list of those who died. He is remembered in a stained-glass window in the church of St Mary & St Nicolas, Spalding, donated by his parents, Sir John and Lady Wilson Gleed; the window also commemorates his brother-in-law, Charles Lewis Harvey (qv), who died on May 10, 1917. The men are dressed as medieval knights but each has a photographic image of his face.\n\n*2ND LT HAROLD JAMES **GOODWIN** (RGA), born at Edgbaston, January 31, 1886, killed April 24. Marlborough College XI, 1903\u201304\u201305. (In 1905 he scored 193 and 40 v Free Foresters.) Cambridge University, 1907 and 1908; Warwickshire XI, his father being treasurer of the County CC. Got his Blue for hockey, and played that game for England v Scotland. On June 1 and 8 in a house match at Marlborough, he scored 365 for Cotton House v Littlefield, making 276 for the first wicket with G. V. Sturgeon (73), and adding 264 for second with M. P. Thorburn (83). He \"sent the 200 up with a hit for 11\"! He also took 15 wickets for 57 runs, his side winning by an innings and 421 runs. A hard-hitting bat, good leg-break bowler and excellent field.\n\nHe captained Warwickshire in 1910. and _Wisden_ commented \"it was a thousand pities that he could not find time to play more regularly. Whenever he appeared, the side played up with a dash and vigour worthy of all praise for Goodwin.\"\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK **GOODYEAR** (Essex Regt), died of wounds, May 23, aged 30. University College School XI, 1905. Brasenose (Ox) College XI.\n\nHe was wounded on May 12 at Fampoux during the closing stage of the Arras offensive.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT GERARD MONTAGUE **GORDON** (Royal Fusiliers), killed June 9, aged 26. Wellington College XI and Dorset XI. Free Foresters. Member of MCC since 1913.\n\nMAJOR THE RT HON LORD HENRY **GORELL-BARNES** [see BARNES]\n\nMAJOR GUY WINWOOD **GOSSAGE** (RFA), died at Prees Heath Camp, December 24, aged 47. Sedbergh School XI, 1888 and 1889.\n\nPrees Heath became the site of RAF Tilstock, near Whitchurch, Shropshire. He is buried at Christ Church cemetery extension, Tilstock.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK WILLIAM RIDGE **GREENHILL** (Grenadier Guards), killed October 10, aged 25. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1907\u201308\u201309\u201310\u201311: captain last three years. Headed batting in 1909 and 1910, with averages of 26 and 30: 2nd in 1911.\n\nLT-COL ERIC BERESFORD **GREER** , Military Cross (Irish Guards), killed July 31, aged 28. Irish Guards XI. Had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHis brother, Francis, who also won the MC, was killed on February 1, 1917, aged 23; Eric married a few days later, _The Times_ notice recording that the wedding took place \"very quietly, owing to deep mourning in the bridegroom's family\". On August 24, _The Times_ reported the joint memorial service held for the brothers at St Mark's Church, North Audley Street, London. Eric's death near the village of Boezinghe is recorded in Rudyard Kipling's _The Irish Guards in the Great War_.\n\nCAPT REGINALD GEORGE **GREGSON-ELLIS** (Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry), died of wounds, April 17, aged 32. Eton XI, 1901 and 1902, captain in 1902. Useful fast bowler... Member of MCC since 1903.\n\nHe was an actuary with the Metropolitan Life Assurance Society and obtained a commission in September 1914. He took part in the Battle of the Somme and died at Peronne. MiD.\n\nLT WILLIAM ROBERTSON **GRIEVE** (Highland Light Infantry), killed April 28, aged 31. Played in representative Scottish matches.\n\nCAPT JOHN NEVILLE **GRIFFITHS** , MB (RAMC), killed November 30, aged 37. Sydney Grammar School XI.\n\nSAPPER SAMUEL **GRIMSHAW** (Canadian Railway Troops), died of wounds, June 25, aged 63. Brother of Irwin Grimshaw, of Yorkshire. In order to enter the Army gave his age as 46. Played for the Yorkshire CC and St Edmund's CC of Toronto.\n\nBoth brothers played in a match in 1878 for 20 of Farsley, Leeds, where they were born, against the United North of England Eleven; Irwin went on to play in 125 matches for Yorkshire 1880\u201387, and died in 1911. Samuel is buried in Epsom Cemetery, Surrey.\n\n2ND LT RONALD WILLIAM CRAIG **GUNN** (Sherwood Foresters) born February 9, 1897; killed January 6. Durham School XI, 1912\u201313\u201314\u201315: would have been captain in 1916. A fine slow bowler and a very fair bat.\n\nCAPT CHARLES CAMPBELL **GWYN** (Canadian Infantry), born December 5, 1884, was killed at Vimy Ridge on April 9, aged 32. Highfield School XI in 1902-3. Nephew of Sir William Osler.\n\nThe _Highfield Review_ obituary said: 'Campbell Gwyn was one of the \"Originals\", entering the School on its opening day, September 9th, 1901. Seized with the terrible meaning of the struggle, he entered the 1st Batt as a private, doing noble service during the most arduous days of the war. He was wounded, mentioned in Despatches and given a Commission. As an officer he was singularly beloved, as numerous letters testify. No handsomer soldier or braver soul has found a resting place in the blood-stained fields of Flanders.'\n\nLT ALLAN BERNARD **HALL** (Army Cyclist Corps attd East Yorks Regt), killed May 3, aged 23. Uppingham XI, 1911 and 1912. { _W1919_ }\n\nCAPT DOUGLAS ALEXANDER **HALL** (York and Lancaster Regt), killed April 23, aged 22. Oakham School XI, 1914.\n\nCAPT GEORGE OSBORNE **HALL** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto, May 5, 1896, died of wounds, June 16. A junior member of the Toronto CC. (His father was secretary of the Canadian Cricket Association for a number of years, and was one of the authors of _Sixty Years of Canadian Cricket_ ).\n\n2ND LT HOWARD **HALLAM** (Royal Warks Regt), killed October 4. Moseley CC.\n\nMAJOR CHARLES EGERTON HUGH **HARDING** (Royal Fusiliers), died on December 10, of septic poisoning after an operation, aged 32. Regimental cricket.\n\nCAPT REGINALD WILLIAM FOWLER **HARDING** (London Regt), killed November 7, aged 30. St Paul's XI, 1903. Had been wounded.\n\nHe became a member of the Stock Exchange in 1910.\n\nLT ERIC STANLEY MILTHORP **HARDING** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed July 6, aged 25. An Old Malvernian. Cheshire XI, 1914. Secretary of the Birkenhead CC. Very useful bowler.\n\nLT WILLIAM FREDERICK KERR **HARDMAN** (Royal Engineers), killed October 28, aged 33. City of London School XI: headed averages 1902. Military Cross.\n\nLT GUY JOHN MEREDITH **HARDY** (Coldstream Guards), died of wounds August 1, aged 35. Regimental cricket. Merton College (Ox) XI. Oxford University Authentics. Member of MCC since 1911.\n\n2ND LT JAMES PATER **HARGREAVES** (RFA), born April 27, 1898; killed October 9. Leys School XI, 1915, 1916.\n\n2ND LT PHILIP WILLIAM **HARRINGTON** (Worcs Regt), killed January 15, aged 20. Dover College XI, 1915.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES HIBBERT **HARRISON** (RFA), born in May 1897, was killed on July 31. Clifton College Second XI.\n\nHe passed into Woolwich in November 1914 and went to France in July 1915. He was killed near Talana Farm, Ypres, when returning from mending wires which had been cut by shell-fire.\n\nLT JOHN ERNEST **HARTINGTON** (Lancs Fusiliers), died of wounds, July 13, aged 21. Bury Grammar School. Captain of the Eleven. Won Military Cross.\n\nHe was awarded the MC on November 16, 1916, for gallantry in the field by continuously passing through enemy bombardments to supervise the efficient working of field guns; he was decorated by the King at Buckingham Palace the week before his death, from wounds of the abdomen. In 2004, the school captain, Will Webster, laid a wreath on his grave at Lijssenthoekon; he also placed on the headstone the same school captain's medallion worn by John Hartington when he held that position 90 years earlier at Bury GS.\n\nCAPT CHARLES LEWIS **HARVEY** (Lincoln Regt), died of wounds, May 10, aged 38. Lincolnshire XI.\n\nHe is remembered in a stained-glass window in the church of St Mary & St Nicolas, Spalding; the war memorial window also commemorates his brother-in-law, John Victor Ariel Gleed (qv). The men are dressed as medieval knights but each has a photographic image of his face.\n\nCAPT CLARENCE VINCENT TOM **HAWKINS** (South Staffs Regt), killed September 26. Leys School XI.\n\nLT ROGER BOLTON **HAY** (West Yorks Regt, Special Reserve, attached RFC), died of wounds July 17, aged 22. Blundell's School XI, 1914. Won Military Cross.\n\nHe was one of the founding members of 48 Squadron and was credited with five aerial victories.\n\n**LT-COL PERCY MACCLESFIELD **HEATH** (Mahratta Light Infantry) died at Baghdad on July 14, aged 40. He was born at Poona, India, on June 16, 1877, and educated at Wellington. He played seven matches for Europeans between August 1901 and September 1909 with a highest score of 46.\n\nLT JAMES SHIRLEY **HEATHCOTE** (Coldstream Guards), born 1887; died of wounds August 28, aged 30. Regarded as one of the best bats in North-West Canada, and a useful change bowler. Played for the Indian Head CC, of Saskatchewan, and for Saskatchewan in inter-provincial Tournaments of 1910-11-12-13. Made 97 for Indian Head v Combined Regina Clubs in 1913, and 97 for Alton v Aldershot Command in 1915.\n\nHis brother, Martin Arthur, who won the MC, died on July 18, 1916, aged 23; both went to St Paul's School and are commemorated on the war memorial in All Saints Church, Farringdon, Hampshire.\n\nLT ERNEST CRESWELL **HELMORE** (Sherwood Foresters) died of wounds January 1, aged 21. In XI at Christ's College, Christchurch (New Zealand).\n\nLT MAURICE **HEMMANT** (Rifle Brigade), killed August 14, aged 29. Tonbridge School XI. Golf Blue for Cambridge in 1908 and 1909.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR **HENDERSON** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders). In May 1917, was \"assumed killed\" \u2013 at some earlier date. Member of the Ferguslie CC, of Paisley, and one of the best-known players in the Western Cricket Union. Played for Forfarshire. Gained the Military Cross.\n\nHe was also awarded the VC posthumously. _LG_ of July 3, 1917, records: \"For most conspicuous bravery. During an attack on the enemy trenches this officer, although almost immediately wounded in the left arm, led his Company through the front enemy line until he gained his final objective. He then proceeded to consolidate his position, which, owing to heavy gun and machine gun fire and bombing attacks, was in danger of being isolated. By his cheerful courage and coolness he was enabled to maintain the spirit of his men under most trying conditions. Captain Henderson was killed after he had successfully accomplished his task.\" The action took place on April 23 near Fontaine-les-Croisilles, France; he died the next day, aged 23.\n\nLT JAMES **HERDMAN** (Royal Scots), accidentally killed on May 9, aged 22. Edinburgh Institute XI, 1912 and 1913.\n\n2ND LT HENRY JEPHSON **HILARY** (RFA), died of wounds, June 2, aged 42. Tonbridge School XI, Trinity College (Camb) XI.\n\nA brother, Robert Jephson (qv), who died on March 15, 1937, aged 44, had an obituary in _Wisden 1938_ which stated that his death was caused by \"pneumonia, an illness due, probably, to the effect of a bullet through his lung during the war\".\n\nCAPT MAURICE LAKE **HILDER** (Royal Fusiliers), killed May 3, aged 22. Lancing College XI, 1912\u201313\u201314. He was a good bat in his last year in the team, scoring 303 runs with an average of 30. Won the Military Cross.\n\nHe was awarded the MC in April; by the time it was gazetted on May 11 he had been killed by a shell as he led his men over the parapet.\n\nCAPT NICHOLAS WEATHERBY **HILL** (Oxford and Bucks Light Infantry), killed January 16, aged 20. Winchester XI, 1913 and 1914. Previously wounded. Won the Military Cross.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR HYDE **HILLS** (Hants Regt), killed on April 19, aged 34. Aldenham XI and Football XI. Gonville and Caius College. { _W1919_ }\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK MERVYN **HILLS** (Northumberland Regt), killed July 27, aged 34. Tonbridge School XI, 1901.\n\nPTE HAYDN **HIRST** (Duke of Wellington's Regt), died of nephritis whilst in hospital abroad, February 24, aged 32. A good bat and formerly captain of the Heckmondwike CC.\n\n2ND LT GERALD PARKER **HOBBS** (Essex Regt), died of wounds, October 15, aged 19. Felsted XI, 1915, 1916.\n\nCAPT VICTOR MAITLAND **HOBDAY** (West Yorks Regt), killed June 7, aged 23. Not in XI while at Malvern, but played in British Columbia. Had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT JOHN COLLINSON **HOBSON** (Machine Gun Corps), killed July 31, aged 23. Westminster School XI, 1912.\n\nHe won a Westminster scholarship in history at Christ Church, Oxford; after two years, he enlisted as a private. In June 1916, he was placed in command of his company and was preparing to lead his men into the Battle of the Somme when, three days before the opening of the battle, he was \u2013 to his intense disappointment \u2013 recalled and ordered to train at the machine-gun school at Grantham. After losing most of his friends in the battalion in the first two days of the Somme, he returned three months later to the front where he was in constant action in command of a section of the 116th Machine Gun Company. On July 31, 1917, the Third Battle of Ypres commenced, and when he went out to select positions for his guns he was struck by a shell and killed instantaneously. A book of his poems was published in 1920.\n\nLT JAMES PERCY **HODGKINS** (Leics Regt), killed September 26, aged 25. Wyggeston Grammar School, captain of XI in 1908 and 1909. In 1908 he made over 1,000 runs with an average of over 60. In 1909 he played for Leicestershire 2nd XI.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY STILL **HODGKINSON** (RFA), killed July 24, aged 24. Radley College.\n\n2ND LT CYRIL FRANCIS **HODGSON** (Indian Army), killed January 11, aged 19. King's School XI, Canterbury, 1914.\n\nHe landed in Mesopotamia in January 1916 and was killed a year later during the advance to the Haj and capture of the Khudaira Bend while leading a bombing attack on enemy trenches.\n\nCAPT HARDINGE MONTEITH **HOGG** (Indian Army), killed April 22, aged 34. Sandhurst XI.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD HUGO **HOLLAND** (Worcs Regt), killed April 23, aged 24. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1909 and 1910. Was a fairly successful batsman.\n\nLT BERNARD **HORNER** (Lancs Fusiliers), killed March 5, aged 26. Played for Stockport CC; Cheshire Gentlemen; Old Rossallians and Manchester; son of Mr James Horner, for many years treasurer of the Lancashire County CC.\n\nMiD for his \"gallant actions\" in Gallipoli. On February 27, 1917, his battalion landed at Marseilles and moved to the Somme; within a week he died of pneumonia. His father died in 1924, aged 76; his obituary is in the 1925 _Wisden_.\n\nLT-COL NOEL **HOUGHTON** (Sherwood Foresters), born 1883, killed September 13. Glenalmond: captain of XI. Was mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT MALCOLM HUTCHINSON **HOUSE** (Rifle Brigade), born 1897, killed May 3, aged 19. Rugby School XI, 1913, 1914 and 1915: captain in 1915.\n\nHe won a Classical scholarship to Corpus Christi, Oxford, in 1915. He was shot by a sniper while moving a Lewis gun into position at Arras.\n\n2ND LT ERNEST SCOTT **HOUSEHOLD** (Essex Regt), died of wounds July 21, aged 24. Watford Grammar School: captain of XI; West Herts CC, Hertfordshire XI.\n\n*LT GILBERT **HOWE** (New Zealand Field Artillery), born at Wellington (NZ), killed January 10, aged 25. Left-hand bat and good wicketkeeper. Played for Wellington (NZ) in inter-provincial matches. In 1913-14 season had a batting average of 15.44 for Wellington in representative games, and in the four matches caught five and stumped four.\n\n2ND LT JAMES GLADSTONE **HUNTER** (Royal Scots, attd South Staffs Regt), killed March 14, aged 24. Fast bowler of the Gala CC.\n\nCAPT DUDLEY CHARLES **ISAAC** (North Staffs Regt attached Machine Gun Corps), born 1893, killed April 10. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1909\u201312; Old Merchant Taylors' XI; Pembroke Coll (Camb) XI. Trial games at Cambridge. Had previously been wounded and mentioned in Despatches. He was a consistently successful bowler during his four years in the Merchant Taylors' XI. In 1911 he had a fine season, as in addition to taking 55 wickets, he headed the batting averages.\n\nPTE WILLIAM EWART **JACK** (Canadian Infantry) born at Beverley, Yorkshire, January 18, 1885; killed January 6. Central Park CC, of Vancouver.\n\n*CAPT GEOFFREY LAIRD **JACKSON** (Rifle Brigade), born 1894, killed April 9. Useful all-round: excellent cover-point. Harrow 1911\u201312\u201313: captain in 1913. Balliol Coll (Ox) XI. 12th man for Oxford in 1914. He made 71 in the Freshmen's match and scored 50 v G. J. V. Weigall's XI. Derbyshire XI, 1912\u201313\u201314. Had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe first went to France in October 1914, where he suffered gas poisoning; he died at Arras after being hit by a shell. His brother, Guy Rolfe, who captained Derbyshire, died in 1966, aged 69.\n\nLT GEORGE OLAF DAMIAN CEADDA **JACKSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Longworth, Berks, July 1, 1883; killed April 28. Good bat. St Jude's CC, of Winnipeg.\n\nHe and his brother Hugo, below, died on the same day in the same action to capture the village of Arleux-en-Gohelle, near Vimy; of 14 officers who went over with the attack that day, four were killed, seven wounded and one was missing. They were both members of 10 Bn, Alberta Regt, and enlisted on the same day, September 14, 1914, but they are buried in different cemeteries: George at Aubigny Communal Cemetery Extension and Hugo at Ecoivres Military Cemetery, Mont-St Eloi. Their father was the Rev Joseph Jackson of Holy Trinity, Bampton, Oxfordshire. Altogether, more than 320 sets of brothers are known to have died on the same day during the war. See Mears, also 1917.\n\nLT HUGO ANTHONY LAUNCELOT CEADDA **JACKSON** (Canadian Infantry). Brother of Lt George Jackson. Born at Shilton (Ox), June 20, 1886; killed April 28. St Jude's CC, of Winnipeg: captain of side in 1913 and 1914.\n\nSee above. Both brothers went to Canada in 1904; Hugo became a barrister.\n\nCAPT ROBERT RAIMES **JACKSON** (RFA), Military Cross. Born January 30, 1893; died of wounds, November 1. Loretto XI, 1910\u201311\u201312: captain in 1912. Played rugby football for Lancashire.\n\nLT GWYNNE LEWIS BRODHURST **JAMES** (Irish Guards), killed July 18, aged 26. Rossall XI 1909\u201310. He was a most valuable member of the team in 1910...\n\nFLT-LT ROBERT GORDON **JARDINE** (RFC), born in Toronto, July 20, 1888; killed July 20. Was a member of the Ridley College (Ont) XI. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe had previously been reported missing, but his death \u2013 on his 29th birthday \u2013 was not confirmed until February 1918. One of the aerial victims he claimed was Hermann Goering, who was shot down on July 16, 1917.\n\nCAPT LOUIS FLEEMING **JENKIN** (RFC). Military Cross and Bar to MC. Killed September 11, aged 22. Dulwich Coll XI, 1914. Had been wounded. { _W1919_ }\n\nA member of No 1 Sqn, the founder squadron of the RFC, he was credited with 22 victories, the last coming on the morning of September 11; he was shot down later that day. The citation for his MC, gazetted on August 16, 1917, records: \"Whilst on offensive patrol he has continually shown the greatest dash and determination in attacking enemy aircraft in superior numbers, destroying some and bringing others down out of control.\"\n\n2ND LT PATRICK GRAHAM **JENKINS** (Cameron Highlanders), killed April 9, aged 28. Glenalmond, 1905.\n\nLT HENRY ROTHWELL **JEPSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Aden, May 6, 1880; died of wounds August 5. Nanaimo CC, of British Columbia. Scored 116 v Incogniti in 1915.\n\n*MAJOR ROBERT WILFRED FAIREY **JESSON** (Wilts Regt), born at Southampton, June 17, 1886; killed February 22, 1917. Sherborne XI, 1903-04-05; at Oxford he played in the Freshmen's match, 1907; Seniors' match, 1908 and 1909. Merton College (Ox) XI but not a Blue; Hampshire XI occasionally. Good all-round, hard hitter; bowled right-hand slow leg-breaks. In his last year at Sherborne he took 40 wickets and had a batting average of 30. Had been wounded in Gallipoli.\n\nMiD; he was killed near Basra. He played rugby for Rosslyn Park. His story is told in _The Final Whistle: The Great War in Fifteen Players_ by Stephen Cooper.\n\n2ND LT FRANK LAWRENCE **JOHNSON** (British West Indies Regt, attached RFC), born in St Lucia, 1898, accidentally killed September 6, 1917, aged 19. In Upper Canada College XI, 1914.\n\nHe was born at Bridgetown, Barbados, and worked for the Royal Bank of Canada in the West Indies before enlisting in January 1916. He was killed when his Avro 504 plane crashed with another plane at Aboukir; he is buried at Alexandria (Hadra) War Cemetery in Egypt.\n\nCAPT SIDNEY FREDERICK **JOHNSON** (Border Regt), born at Bombay, 1887; killed January 10, aged 29. Westminster XI, 1905\u201306.\n\nCAPT JOHN LLEWELYN THOMAS **JONES** (London Regt), killed August 16, aged 22. Llangollen County School XI. Had previously been wounded.\n\nHe wrote this letter from France, dated April 4, 1917:\n\n\"My Dearest Dad, Ethel and Gwen,\n\nI have written this letter so that, in the event of anything happening to me, I do not go under without letting all you dear ones at home know how much I owe to your loving care and the little kindnesses that go to make life so pleasant and inviting.\n\nYou know what an undemonstrative nature mine is, but my love for you all is, nevertheless, strong and deep, and though I said nothing about these things before I left England, it was just because I couldn't \u2013 my heart was too full.\n\nOne has to face the prospect of getting knocked out, as many other and probably better fellows than I have been. All I can say is that you do not grieve for me, because, although it may sound exceedingly quixotic, how better can one make one's exit from this world than fighting for the country which has sheltered and nurtured one through all life?\n\nWar is cruel and I detest it, but since it was not possible to keep out of this without loss of prestige and perhaps worse, it behoves us all to carry it on to a successful conclusion. Of course, it entails sacrifices, but that is all in the game. I had hoped to be able to return home and take up what little responsibility lay in my power away from your shoulders, and to care for and look after the girls, but if that is not to be, I want you all to remember that though the break may seem unbearable \u2013 there are many other homes which have suffered losses. We should rather, I think, thank God that we have we have been a happy and united little family. I know how hard it is, and, as I write, the thought that I may not see you dear ones again in this world brings a lump to my throat and tears in my eyes. I trust that I shall return, but...\n\nAll I can say to you is that I thank God for giving me the best father in the world and two very dear sisters. I cannot write to all, but send my deepest love to... I don't think that I can write any more, so just goodbye and God bless you all and protect you is my fervent prayer.\n\nWith all my fondest love, Yours affectionately, Llew.\"\n\n**L\/SGT VIVIAN CLAUDE **KAVANAGH** (New Zealand Rifle Brigade) died at Ypres on August 9, aged 35. He was born at Mauku, Auckland, on June 2, 1882. His single fc match was for Auckland against Canterbury in January 1913.\n\n2ND LT DOUGLAS HAY **KEITH** (Highland Light Infantry, attd Durham LI), killed August 30, aged 27. Glenalmond 1907\u201308. Headed bowling averages in 1908.\n\nLT-COL HENRY HERBERT **KEMBLE** , DSO, MC (London Regt), died of wounds, June 7, aged 40. Bath College XI ( 1895\u201397). Had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT ERNEST **KENT** (RFC), killed in flying accident in France on April 8. Borlase School (Marlow) XI.\n\nHe was badly hit during an aerial engagement and died of wounds on the eve of the Battle of Arras when the RFC deployed 25 squadrons totalling 385 aircraft; during \"Bloody April\" of 1917 the RFC lost 245 aircraft with 211 aircrew killed or missing.\n\n2ND LT MAURICE **KING** (Egyptian Labour Corps), died of fever in hospital at Kantara on June 24, aged 21. Borlase School, Marlow: captain of XI three years.\n\nHe served through the Gallipoli campaign and then at the Palestine front. He had been in charge of 600 natives at Kantara when he succumbed to fever brought on by the great heat.\n\n2ND LT RICHARD HENRY **KING** (Sherwood Foresters), killed June 27, aged 32. For some years captain of the Mansfield CC, and once played for Notts Colts.\n\n2ND LT LEONARD ARTHUR **KINGHAM** (Royal Berks Regt), killed August 10, aged 20. Oakham School: captain of XI. Previously wounded.\n\n2ND LT ALBERT THORNLEY **KINSEY** (Somerset Light Infantry), killed August 16, aged 19. Bristol Grammar School XI.\n\n**2ND LT JAMES GORDON **KINVIG** (Wellington Regt, NZEF) died at Ploegsteert Wood, near Ypres, on July 31, aged 29. He was born at Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand, on June 19, 1888. He played two matches for Wellington in February and March 1910. He is buried at Mud Corner Cemetery, Hainaut, Belgium, which was used from June 1917, when the NZ Division captured Messines, to December 1917.\n\n2ND LT ERNEST ALEXANDER **KNIGHT** (Machine Gun Corps), killed September 24, aged 31. City of London School: captain of XI; Corpus Christi (Ox) XI; Bishop Stortford CC.\n\n2ND LT JAMES WILLIAM **KNIGHT** (York and Lancaster Regt). Had been wounded. Died in hospital of cerebro-spinal fever, December 12, aged 23. Had been captain of cricket at Denstone College.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM JOHNSTONE **KNOX** , MC (Australian Field Artillery), born 1887; died of wounds, August 20. Scotch College, Melbourne; in the XI.\n\nHe was mentioned in Sir Douglas Haig's Despatches of April 9, 1917. He was a member of the Stock Exchange of Melbourne for eight years, and the exchange adjourned when news of his death was received.\n\nLT MOUNTNEY COESVELT WILLIAM **KORTRIGHT** (Essex Regt), killed May 21, aged 23. Harrow XI, 1912.\n\nHis parents were William and Mary Kortright, who lived at Ingatestone, Essex; his uncle was the famous Essex fast bowler Charles Jesse Kortright. who was born at Ingatestone in 1871.\n\n2ND LT JOHN DARG **LAING** (RFC), posted as missing October 24, 1917, and now reported killed in action on that date. Aged 19. Loretto XI, 1915. An all-round athlete. Played football and hockey; and was the finest golfer seen at Loretto since the days of J. E. Laidley. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe injured his knee while at RMA, Woolwich, and was classed as \"unfit for service\". With some difficulty, he managed to get a commission in the RFC, and he had only been on service a short time in France when his plane was shot down in an aerial fight.\n\nCAPT ERIC NOEL **LAMBERT** (Yorks Regt), killed June 7, aged 34. Radley XI, 1900 and 1901. Military Cross.\n\nCAPT JOHN **LANG** (General List, Territorial Force Reserve), killed April 15, aged 68. Loretto XI, 1865 and 1866. Author of \"Cricket Across the Border\" in _Imperial Cricket_. Brother of Messrs Andrew and T. W. Lang. Obtained his commission at the age of 65.\n\nHe applied for a commission at the outbreak of war and was appointed to the staff of the Scottish Command School of Musketry at Barry Camp. He died of an illness contracted on service, brought on by hard work and exposure, and is buried in Selkirk parish churchyard. The writer and historian Andrew Lang, born in 1844, was the eldest of the eight children of the town clerk of Selkirk; Thomas William Lang, born in 1854, played for Gloucestershire and Oxford University.\n\nPTE ALBERT EDWARD **LANHAM** (Canadian Infantry), born in London, killed October 30, aged 27. Played for the East Kildonan CC of Winnipeg. { _W1919_ }\n\n2ND LT HENRY DUNCAN **LEE** (RFA), killed on August 5, aged 34. North Middlesex CC. Good bat.\n\nCAPT ALFRED JOHNSON **LEEMING** (Royal Fusiliers), born 1889; killed July 31. Christ's Hospital: captain of XI. Made 25 in Seniors' match at Cambridge, 1911; Corpus Christi College (Camb) XI.\n\nMiD.\n\nCPL REGINALD EUSTACE **LEEMING** (New Zealand Field Artillery), died of wounds, February 2, aged 21. St Alban's CC, of Christchurch (NZ). Useful all-round.\n\nHe died of meningitis and is buried at Aldershot Military Cemetery.\n\n*2ND LT LOGIE COLIN **LEGGATT** (Coldstream Guards), killed July 31, aged 22. Eton XI, 1912 and 1913: he scored 74 against Winchester in 1913: \"kept Sixpenny\". In the Cambridge Freshmen's match, 1914, he made 116 and 12; and in a trial match, 160 not out (carrying his bat through the innings) and 67. Despite these long scores he failed to get his Blue. At Eton he was a good bat in two very strong Elevens, averaging 33 in 1912 and 26 in 1913. He played an innings of 76 for Old Etonians v Old Harrovians, at Lord's, 1914.\n\nHis single fc match was for Cambridge University against Yorkshire at Fenner's in May 1914.\n\n2ND LT LEO THEODORE **LEMON** (Dorset Regt), born April 14, 1898; killed April 12, aged 18. All Hallows, Honiton, XI.\n\n2ND LT HAROLD LOCKWOOD **LEWIS** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed October 23, aged 19. St Bees' XI, 1912\u201313\u201314.\n\nHe was born in Kingstown, St Vincent, West Indies, on April 13, 1898. Although not in especially robust health, and with plans to study for the ministry like his elder and younger brothers, he enlisted as soon as he was 18, having arrived in England by way of Hong Kong. He lasted about nine months at the front; gassed twice, he returned promptly to active duty both times. His oldest brother, Howard, served in both wars and survived; his younger brother, Edward, who was too young to have served in the Great War, became a minister in the Church of England and for many years was vicar of Kennington, Ashford, Kent, until his death in the early 1970s.\n\n*LT-COL RICHARD PERCY **LEWIS** (Manchester Regt), born March 10, 1874 (according to the Winchester and Oxford Registers), died of wounds, September 7. Had previously been wounded. Winchester XI, 1891, 1892; Surrey XI, 1892: Middlesex XI, 1898; Oxford University XI, 1894\u201395\u201396. Went with Priestley's team to West Indies, 1897. Played much Military cricket, for Devon Regt, King's African Rifles, Egyptian Army, etc. Lewis seemed likely at one time to be a great wicketkeeper. At Winchester he was spoken of as a coming MacGregor, but it cannot be said that he quite fulfilled his early promise. His ability was beyond question, but his hands would not stand the hard work of first-class matches, and when they went wrong he had bad days. He had no pretensions as a batsman, and in the University Match in 1894 he was very pleased that he managed to stay for a couple of overs, enabling Charles Fry to add 17 runs and complete his hundred. Served in the South African War. Member of MCC since 1893.\n\nAfter leaving Oxford he acted for a short time as editor of the _London Review_ , but on the outbreak of the Boer War he joined the City of London Imperial Volunteers. He served with them from February to May 1900 in the Orange Free State. In October 1900 he obtained a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Devonshire Regiment, serving in the Transvaal. In 1904 he was appointed to 1st (Central Africa) Battalion of the King's African Rifles and took part in the Nandi Expedition of 1905-06, being mentioned in Despatches. In August 1908 he was appointed to the Egyptian Army, and remained in Egypt for some time after war broke out as an intelligence officer at Cairo. He was with the Manchesters in Gallipoli. He was killed at Ypres when he was hit by a shell splinter while giving orders to a runner.\n\nLT JAMES ANDREW **LEWTON-BRAIN** (Norfolk Regt), killed August 14, aged 29. Albion CC, of Victoria (BC).\n\nHe was born at Swanton Morley, Norfolk, in 1888, and worked in a bank at Great Yarmouth before going to Canada to work for the Bank of Montreal. An obituary in _The Times_ stated: \"He was well known in the Yarmouth and Dereham districts as an enthusiastic cricketer and football player.\" _Wisden_ listed him under Brain.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY ARTHUR HENRY **LEY** (Devon Regt attached Tank Corps), killed July 30, aged 26. St Paul's School, 1906\u201307\u201308.\n\nCAPT GEORGE WALTER THOMAS **LINDSAY** (RA attached RFC), killed June 25, aged 26. RA XI.\n\nHe died as the result of a flying accident and is buried at Holy Trinity Churchyard, Ystrad Mynach, Glamorgan. Two brothers were killed in France within a week of each other in March 1918: Archibald Thurston Thomas (qv), aged 20, and Claud Frederic Thomas (qv), aged 26.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD St HILARY **LINGWOOD** (Beds Regt), born 1892; killed May 3, aged 24. Woodbridge School, Suffolk: captain of XI.\n\nPTE CHARLES HUGH PEARSON **LIPSCOMB** (Canadian Infantry), born at Sawbridgeworth, Herts, January 12, 1881; died of wounds, April 18. Cowichan CC, of Canada.\n\nBRIG-GEN WALTER **LONG** , DSO, CMG (Wilts Regt), born July 26, 1879; killed January 28. Not in XI while at Harrow, but played Regimental cricket. During the South African War was wounded at Kimberley, mentioned in Despatches and received DSO. In present War had been mentioned in Despatches, and been awarded the CMG and the Russian Order of St Stanislaus with Swords. Elder son of Rt Hon W. H. H. Long (Harrow XI, 1873) and grandson of R. P. Long (Harrow XI, 1843 and 1844). Member of MCC since 1899.\n\nAfter he was killed in France, King George sent a telegram to his father expressing his heartfelt sympathy, regretting that his army had lost one of its promising young generals.\n\nCAPT HUGH RICHARD **LONGBOURNE** , DSO (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), killed May 3, aged 32. Repton XI, 1901\u201302\u201303. Received the Russian Order of St Stanislaus with Swords.\n\n_LG_ of November 25, 1916, records his DSO for gallantry at Thiepval, Somme: \"He crawled to within 25 yards of an enemy strongpoint and bombed the enemy with good effect. Later, with a sergeant and a private, he rushed the strongpoint, capturing a machine gun and 46 unwounded prisoners.\"\n\n2ND LT RONALD DESMOND WESTON **LOVELACE** (Royal West Kent Regt), killed October 26, aged 19. Tonbridge School XI.\n\nLT JOHN CUTHBERT **LOVELL** (Cameronians, Scottish Rifles), killed August 1, aged 20. One of the family XI so well-known in Metropolitan cricket.\n\nMAJOR FREDERICK TRAVERS **LUCAS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Hamilton (Ontario) February 20, 1883; killed March 1. Trinity College (Port Hope), XI, 1899, 1900; R. M. College XI, Kingston, 1901, 1902, 1903. In 1904 he played for Canada v United States at Halifax, making 20 and 12. He was the first Canadian cricketer recommended for the VC.\n\nCAPT ROBERT ROBERTSON MORRISON **LUMGAIR** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), killed April 19, aged 26. Uppingham XI, 1909, when he scored 49 against Shrewsbury; Peebles County XI; and Selkirk CC.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK WILLIAM **LUMLEY** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed April 10, aged 21. Royal High School Former Pupils, Edinburgh, XI.\n\n**2ND LT ERIC BALFOUR **LUNDIE** (Coldstream Guards) died near Passchendaele, Belgium, on September 12, aged 29. He was born at Willowvale, Cape Province, on March 15, 1888. He played for South Africa against England at Port Elizabeth in February and March 1914 alongside Claude Newberry (qv 1916), and took four for 101 in England's first innings, his victims being Hobbs, Douglas, Tennyson and Booth (qv), who fell in 1916. It was the last of Lundie's fc matches; he had also played eight games in total for Eastern Province, Western Province and Transvaal, with a best return of six for 52.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE CECIL GORDON **MACAULAY** (East Yorks Regt), killed May 2, aged 22. Rossall XI, 1912.\n\nLT-COL MAURICE EDWIN **McCONAGHEY** , DSO (Royal Scots Fusiliers). Mentioned in Despatches, killed April 23, aged 39. Clifton College XI, 1894 and 1895; having a batting average of 23 in his second year. Sandhurst XI: scored 94 v Woolwich in 1897. Scots Fusiliers XI. Served in South African War.\n\nMAJOR MERRICK HUGH **McCONNEL** (RFA), born November 6, 1884; died of wounds, September 14. Winchester XI, 1901 and 1902. RMA (Woolwich) XI. RA XI. Member of MCC since 1906.\n\nHe was commissioned in the RA in 1904 and for the next eight years served in England and acted for some time as ADC to Major-Gen H. E. Belfield, General Officer Commanding at Woolwich, whose elder daughter he married in 1912. When war broke out he was with his battery in India and in October 1914 was ordered to France in command of an ammunition column. He served there continuously until his death, apart from two brief periods of ill-health, and was twice MiD. He was struck by a shell while observing in an exposed position near Ypres and died in hospital the following day.\n\nCAPT ROBERT **MACFARLANE** (Black Watch). Military Cross. Killed on April 21, aged 23. Merchiston XI, 1911\u201312\u201313.\n\nHe was wounded in action in June 1916 and again on March 14, 1917, in the action in Mesopotamia for which he was awarded the MC: \"Although wounded early in the action he continued to lead his company with great determination until the evening, when the position was finally taken by a bayonet charge. With great courage and skill he led his company up to a position from which he was able to enfilade the enemy at close range, thereby greatly assisting the charge.\"\n\nLT WILLIAM SOMERVILLE **McLAREN** (RFC), died of wounds, November 19, aged 19. Captain of the XI at Edinburgh Academy.\n\nA brother, James, was killed two days later, aged 22.\n\nLT GEORGE DOUGLAS **MacLELLAN** (Highland Light Infantry), killed April 28, aged 27. Merchiston XI.\n\nHe is commemorated on the plaque of members of Troon Golf Club.\n\nMAJOR GEORGE **MACNAMARA** (Wilts Regt), killed May 27, aged 27. Regimental cricket.\n\nCAPT JOHN CHRISTOPHER FREDERICK **MAGNAY** (Norfolk Regt) born December 30, 1896; killed April 23. Played for his House at Harrow.\n\nHe was wounded at Arras in April 1916 and invalided home; he rejoined his regiment in January 1917 and fell at Vimy Ridge. His colonel wrote: \"He was killed while most gallantly leading his company into the German second line against heavy machine-gun and shell fire.\"\n\nLT-COL PHILIP MATHEW **MAGNAY** (Royal Fusiliers), born 1885; killed April 13. Played occasionally for the Harrow XI. Three times mentioned in Despatches. Recommended for DSO.\n\nHe served in France and Flanders from September 1914, and was directing operations in command of 12 Bn, Manchester Regt, north of Arras when he was killed. His father, Sir William Magnay, who died on January 8, 1917, was a prolific novelist. His elder brother, Christopher Boyd William, who succeeded to the title, was a major in the Norfolk Regt and won the MC; he had played for Cambridge University and Middlesex.\n\nLT-COL ERSKINE **MAGNIAC** (Indian Infantry), killed April 28, aged 34. Clifton College, Sandhurst (eight wickets v Woolwich in 1901), and North-West India. He was mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe had served on the North-West Frontier of India in 1909 and was ADC to Sir Edward Baker, Governor of Bengal. He was shot through the head when in command of the 27th Punjabis, while on outpost duty on the River Euphrates, and is commemorated on the Basra Memorial. See his brother, Meredith, below, who was killed three days earlier.\n\n*LT-COL MEREDITH **MAGNIAC** , DSO (Lancs Fusiliers), killed April 25, aged 36. Clifton College, Sandhurst (1899); also played for Battalion and United Services.\n\nHe played for South Africa Army v MCC in Pretoria in January 1906, taking two wickets as Pelham Warner's MCC side won by an innings and 218 runs in two days. He landed with the Fusiliers at Gallipoli in April 1915 when they won six VCs \"before breakfast\". He was wounded at the Somme on July 1, 1916, when he was awarded the DSO for his bravery on the day that his battalion lost 18 officers and 465 men; he was killed by a shell at Arras. See his brother, Erskine, above.\n\n**PTE WALTER **MALCOLM** (Otago Regt, NZEF) died at Poelcapelle, Belgium, on December 23, aged 23. He was born at Blenheim, Marlborough, NZ, on December 25, 1893. He played a single fc match for Otago against Southland at Invercargill in February 1915. He is buried at Poelcapelle British Cemetery.\n\nLT JOHN FITZPAYNE **MANLEY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Toronto, July 10, 1896; killed April 9. Ridley College XI: made 101 v Hamilton in 1913. Vancouver CC. Good bat.\n\n2ND LT MARMADUKE EDWARD **MARJORIBANKS** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed November 21, aged 20. Glenalmond XI, 1914\u201315\u201316. Pretty bat and good wicketkeeper. { _W1919_ }\n\n2ND LT CHARLES DWYER **MARLOW** (Royal Dublin Fusiliers), killed August 17, aged 22. King's Hospital Eleven, Dublin: captain of XI.\n\n2ND LT FRANCIS HENRY **MARTIN** (Royal Engineers), born 1888; killed November 24. Clifton College XI, 1906 and 1907. Pembroke College XI, Cambridge.\n\n2ND LT CLAUD BRUCE **MATHESON** (Rifle Brigade), killed September 23, aged 25. Glenalmond XI; Keble Coll (Ox) XI. Oxford Freshmen 1911.\n\nHe was assistant master at Llandovery College. He was killed within 48 hours of joining his battalion in the trenches.\n\nLT-GEN SIR FREDERICK STANLEY **MAUDE** , CB, CMG, DSO, KCB, Croix de Commandeur Legion of Honour, Grand Officer of the Crown of Italy. Born June 24, 1864; died of cholera, November 18. Commander-in-Chief in Mesopotamia. Played for Coldstream Guards and Household Brigade.\n\nHis father was General Sir Frederick Francis Maude, VC, and he was educated at Eton and Sandhurst before joining the Coldstream Guards in 1884. After serving in France, where he was wounded in April 1915, he was made commander of all Allied forces in Mesopotamia in July 1916 and oversaw a series of victories up the Tigris and the capture of Baghdad on March 11, 1917. It is thought he may have caught cholera from drinking unboiled milk.\n\n2ND LT RALPH EDWARD CULVERHOUSE **MEAD** (The Buffs), killed September 29, aged 19. King's School, Canterbury, XI.\n\nHe had obtained an Open Classical Exhibition to Worcester College, Oxford, with a view to a medical career, but instead enlisted as a private in a cadet battalion of the Royal Fusiliers. He was gazetted a 2nd Lt in the East Kent Regt on August 1, 1917, and landed in France on September 29; that evening, a German aircraft dropped six bombs into the camp, killing him and 26 others.\n\nPTE ALBERT **MEARS** (Canadian Infantry), born at Sittingbourne, February 12, 1887; killed May 3. Brantford CC of Ontario.\n\nHis brother Leonard, aged 23, was killed on the same day, also with the Brantford Battalion; they are commemorated on the Vimy Memorial. In 1914, the county of Brant had a population of some 44,000; during the next four years 5,571 enlisted \u2013 possibly a Canadian record per capita \u2013 and 701 were killed.\n\nCAPT CHRISTOPHER KEN **MEREWETHER** (Wilts Regt) born at North Bradley Vicarage, 1890; died of wounds December 20. Oriel College (Ox) XI; Oxford Authentics. An Old Wykehamist. Hockey half-blue for Oxford.\n\nHe played two matches for Wiltshire in the Minor Counties Championship in 1912.\n\nLT ARCHIBALD WILLIAM BUCHANAN **MILLER** (King's Own Scottish Borderers, attd RFC). Fettes XI, 1914. In October was described as \"previously reported missing\": now reported killed.\n\nHe died on July 13, aged 21, when his Nieuport Scout was shot down over Belgium. His elder brother, Thomas Alexander Grant, was killed at Gallipoli on April 25, 1915, also aged 21; they were the only children of the Rev Thomas Miller, of Kirkurd, Peeblesshire. The following story was told by another minister at the unveiling of the Kirkurd war memorial in 1919, and reported in the _Peeblesshire Advertiser_. The annual picnic for children of the parish was held at the Manse on July 13 and his mother, Margaret, read out a letter from Archibald in which he expressed the hope that they would all have plenty to eat and would enjoy themselves. Among the prizes he sent for the children were miniature aeroplanes, which should be prized by those who won them. He jocularly wrote that if he could get off duty he would fly to Kirkurd and have some fun with the children, and so his father scanned the clouds and peered as far as he could see, but no plane was visible. A few hours later, flying in the German lines and engaged in aerial combat, he was killed.\n\nMAJOR GERALD DESMOND **MILLS** (Sherwood Foresters, attached RFC), killed May 19, aged 26. Haileybury and Sandhurst.\n\nMiD. He was killed in an aeroplane accident in France. His elder brother, George Ernest, had been killed in 1901 during the Boer War, aged 18.\n\nCAPT JAMES GORDON **MILNE** (Highland Light Infantry), killed August 10, aged 24. West of Scotland CC. { _W1919_ }\n\nCAPT JOHN LEWIS **MINSHULL** (London Regt), killed April 2, aged 21. Christ's College, Finchley XI. Mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT RONALD WALTER **MITCHELL** (Yeomanry), second son of R. A. H. Mitchell. Born 1876; died of wounds November 19. Eton XI, 1894-95. Was a very successful bowler in his second year, taking 41 wickets for something over 11 runs each. In Harrow's second innings three wickets fell to him for seven runs. Member of MCC since 1896.\n\nHis father, who was coach at Eton from 1866 to 1897, had died in 1905; a brother, Charles Richard Gerald, was killed on April 1, 1918, aged 33.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK **MOLTRAM** [see MOTTRAM]\n\nLT BERNHARD COEURE **MONTAGNON** (Canadian Machine Gun Corps), born at Cheltenham, October 28, 1889; died of wounds November 14. Highfield School, Hamilton, XI, 1913 to 1915. Useful all-round. {W1919}\n\n_Wisden_ listed him as Montagnow. Educated at Cheltenham College, he moved to Canada around 1910 and was a teacher from 1913 at Highfield School, which is part of the foundation of today's Hillfield Strathallan College in Hamilton, where the headmaster specially honoured him, among the 47 alumni who lost their lives in the two world wars, in his 2012 Remembrance Day address. Montagnon enlisted in May 1915 and became an instructor in a machine-gun school at Shorncliffe in England. He was sent to France in February 1917 with the 16th Machine Gun Company and in late October was severely wounded by shrapnel at Passchendaele. In the war diary for the day he was wounded, his 'great gallantry and courage in the face of grave danger' was recognised and he was posthumously awarded the MC on February 14, 1918. The _Highfield Review_ stated: 'Mr Montagnon came to Canada with all the enthusiasm of a schoolboy. He had had little experience in teaching, but he was full of energy and high spirits. He was a splendid cricketer and devoted to all kinds of sports.'\n\n2ND LT CHARLES ANGELO **MOODY** (RFC), killed August 31, aged 18. In XI at King William's College, Isle of Man.\n\n_Flight_ magazine of September 13, 1917, reported: \"Missing. The Rev Henry Moody, Vicar of Welshampton, Shropshire, has received official information that his son, Second Lieutenant Charles Angelo Moody, RFC, is missing. His twin brother, Second Lieutenant Henry Michael Moody, RFC, also serving in France and stated missing, is now reported safe.\" A month later, the death of Charles in \"air fighting\" was confirmed. His twin, who was credited with eight aerial victories, was awarded the MC in 1918 and was killed in a collision between two planes near Tangmere, Sussex, in April 1931, aged 32.\n\nLT EDWARD HELY TEMPLEMAN **MORSE** (Devon Regt), born at Great Torrington, Devon, 30 October, 1887; died of wounds May 8. Edmonton CC, of Alberta. All-round cricketer \u2013 punishing left-hand bat and medium-pace bowler. Represented Alberta in the Western Canada Tournament at Calgary in 1912.\n\nSSGT OSCAR **MORTIMER** (RAMC), died of wounds, January 12, aged 26. For some time hon. sec. of the Suffolk County CC.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK **MOTTRAM** (RFA), born in Glasgow, 1894; died of wounds, September 9, aged 23. Liverpool Institute XI.\n\nNot Moltram as in _Wisden_.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK GORE **MOULE** (Australian Infantry), died of wounds on October 8. Melbourne Church of England Grammar School XI; played for St Kilda CC, and headed the club's bowling in season 1914-15. Bowled left-hand. Nephew of W. H. Moule of the second Australian team in England. { _W1919_ }\n\nLT ALEXANDER ROXBURGH **MUIR** (Australian Infantry). Military Cross. Killed October 13, aged 22. Newington College, Sydney, XI; Sydney University XI. A fine bat. { _W1919_ }\n\n*LT JOHN CONGREVE **MURRAY** (Royal Scots), died of wounds, September 23, aged 35. Edinburgh Academy; Grange CC; Scotland v Ireland at Perth, 1909, when he made 34. Wicketkeeper and batsman.\n\nHe also played against the Australians at Edinburgh in 1912 and in a second match against Ireland at Edinburgh in 1913. He was wounded on September 20, the first day of the Battle of Passchendaele.\n\nPTE FRANK WILLIAM **MYERS** (Canadian Labour Force), born at Leeds, Yorks; killed June 23, aged 27. Secretary of the Yorkshire Society CC, of Toronto.\n\n**PTE JOHN ASQUITH ATKINSON **NELSON** (11 Bn, Cheshire Regt) died near Pilckem, France, on August 12, aged 25. He was born at Marton, Blackpool, on October 28, 1891. In May 1913 he scored 66 for Lancashire 2nd XI against Yorkshire 2nd XI and in July he played his single fc match for Lancashire, against Warwickshire at Old Trafford; batting at No. 4, in the first innings he was bowled by Percy Jeeves (qv), who fell in 1916. His name is one of the five on the memorial at Old Trafford.\n\nCAPT THOMAS ARTHUR **NELSON** (Lothians and Border Horse attd Machine Gun Corps), killed April 9, aged 40. Edinburgh Academy XI and University College, Oxford, XI. Oxford Rugby Blue and Scottish international (one match against England in 1898).\n\nJohn Buchan dedicated _The Thirty-Nine Steps_ to him in September 1915: \"My Dear Tommy, You and I have long cherished an affection for that elementary type of tale which Americans call the 'dime novel', and which we know as the 'shocker' \u2013 the romance where the incidents defy the probabilities, and march just inside the borders of the possible. During an illness last winter I exhausted my store of those aids to cheerfulness, and was driven to write one for myself. This little volume is the result, and I should like to put your name on it, in memory of our long friendship, in these days when the wildest fictions are so much less improbable than the truth \u2013J. B.\"\n\nTommy was a member of the Nelson publishing family and a close friend of Buchan, who wrote a tribute to six of his friends in 1919 titled _These for Remembrance_. Buchan's brother, Alastair, died on the same day as Tommy, also in the Battle of Arras, aged 22. Another man killed at Arras on the same day was the poet Edward Thomas, whose last prose book to appear before the war, _In Pursuit of Spring_ was published by Thomas Nelson and Sons in April 1914.\n\n2ND LT BRIAN BROOKE **NEW** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), killed August 16, aged 26. Bournemouth School XI 1907\u20131911: captain of XI, 1910 and 1911.\n\nMAJOR EDWARD FRANCIS DALE **NICHOLSON** (South Lancs Regt), died of wounds, October 12, aged 33. Sandhurst XI, 1901.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM HENRY **NIXON** (RGA), killed on April 24, aged 26. Fenton CC, in the North Staffordshire League.\n\nLT ALFRED JAMES **NORSWORTHY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Ingersoll (Ont), May 3, 1887, killed March 29. In 1903 was a member of the XI at Ridley College (Ont). { _W1919_ }\n\nA brother, Edward Cuthbert, was killed on April 22, 1915, aged 35.\n\nMAJOR JOHN HENRY **NUNN** (RFA), died of wounds, April 1, aged 32. Well known as a good bat in Irish cricket, especially for the Phoenix CC.\n\nLT ARTHUR JAMES LEWIS **O'BEIRNE** (Queen's Own Oxon Hussars attd to RFC), died of wounds, July 28, aged 29. Radley College.\n\nHis only brother, John Ingram Mullanniffe, was killed on April 3, 1917, aged 24; both were in the RFC.\n\n2ND LT LUCIUS JAMES FRANCES **O'BRIEN** (Wilts Regt), died of wounds, April 7, aged 40. Was in the Stonyhurst XI, and played for the Paddington CC in Metropolitan cricket. Played football for London and Middlesex. Mentioned in Despatches and previously wounded.\n\n*2ND LT WILLIAM WARD **ODELL** (Sherwood Foresters), born November 5, 1881; killed, October 4. Military Cross. Had been wounded. For several seasons Odell was one of the best bowlers in the Leicestershire Eleven. He was right-handed and bowled medium-pace. He met with marked success for Gentlemen against Players at The Oval in 1905, taking four wickets for 86 runs and six for 54.\n\nOdell was one of the small band of fc cricketers who enlisted, was commissioned, decorated for gallantry and finally killed in action.\n\nBRIG-GEN VINCENT ALEXANDER **ORMSBY** , CB (Indian Army), born 1865; killed May 1, aged 51. Winchester XI, 1883; Sandhurst XI, 1884. Member of MCC since 1900.\n\nHe bled to death after being hit by a shell fragment when commanding 127th Infantry Brigade, having previously been with 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles.\n\nMAJOR JOHN PALGRAVE HEATHCOTE **OUCHTERLONY** (Royal Engineers), born June 10, 1884; killed June 7. RMC (Woolwich) XI; RE XI. DSO. Mentioned in Despatches twice. Previously wounded.\n\nShortly before he was killed at Ypres he turned down a good appointment in Egypt, saying that his duty lay in France.\n\nLT-COL ALBERT EDWARD SYDNEY LOUIS **PAGET** , MVO (Hussars), died at The Warren House, Coombe Wood, August 2, aged 38. (Had been ill for some months in hospital in France, whence he was removed to a nursing home in London.) Regimental cricket and Aldershot Command XI. Member of MCC since 1908. Fine horseman, polo player and rider to hounds. Had previously been wounded and three times mentioned in Despatches.\n\nCAPT JAMES WILFRID HAYNES **PARK** (Sam Browne's Cavalry), killed January 14, aged 28. St John's, Leatherhead, XI, Keble College (Ox) XI.\n\nMiD.\n\nMAJOR LEONARD **PARKER** (Hussars, attd to RFC), born February 25, 1886; killed January 7. Marlborough XI, 1903; Christ Church (Ox) XI. Had been wounded in 1915.\n\nHe won a Rugby Blue in 1905. Parker commanded 52 Sqn, the first RFC squadron to be equipped with the RE8 reconnaissance aircraft; he was the squadron's first casualty to enemy action when his plane was shot down over enemy lines while on a photographic patrol.\n\nCAPT EDWARD GEORGE **PASSINGHAM** (Northumberland Fusiliers). Military Cross. Killed in action May 3, aged 21. Eastbourne College XI, 1913; Jesus Coll, Cambs. { _W1919_ }\n\nCAPT EDWARD **PATEY** (Rifle Brigade), killed August 2, aged 35. Norwich Grammar School XI: captain in 1899.\n\n2ND LT LAUDER **PATON** (Royal Scots), killed March 21, aged 19. Dulwich College XI, 1915. [His first name is given as Leslie by CWGC.]\n\nLT GORDON MACKENZIE **PEARCE** (124 Bn Canadian Pioneers), born at Seaforth (Ontario) on September 30, 1896, was killed on April 26. He was in the Eleven at Highland School (Hamilton, Ont) in 1912. { _W1920_ }\n\nA brother, Walter King, was killed on September 15, 1916, aged 25.\n\n2ND LT ALEXANDER CONRAD CUTHBERTSON **PENDRIGH** (Devon Regt), died of wounds, August 17, aged 19. Whitgift Grammar School 2nd XI.\n\nLT HAROLD COCKING **PENNINGTON** (Royal Fusiliers), born 1891; died of wounds, June 20. Christ's Hospital XI, 1909 and 1910: captain of XI. Had been wounded in 1916.\n\n**SGT CHARLES **PEPPER** (16 Bn, Sherwood Foresters) died near La Clytte at Passchendaele, Belgium, on September 13, aged 42. He was born at Youghal, Co Cork, Ireland, on June 6, 1875. A right-hand bat and right-arm medium pace bowler, he played seven matches for Nottinghamshire in 1900 and 1901, with a highest score of 40 not out and best bowling of three for 23. He also played for Bedfordshire in the Minor Counties Championship in 1903.\n\n**PTE GEORGE AUGUSTUS **POEPPEL** (Australian Infantry) died of wounds in a German PoW camp on February 2, aged 23. He was born at Bundaberg, Queensland, on November 6, 1893. His single fc match was for Queensland against New South Wales at Sydney in February 1915; this was the match in which Norman Callaway (see above) scored a double-century.\n\nMAJOR ROGER ALVIN **POORE** , DSO (Royal Welch Fusiliers), brother of R. M. Poore. Killed September 26, aged 47. Sherborne XI, 1889.\n\nBorn on July 8, 1870, he fought in the Boer War where he gained the rank of Lt-Colonel and was awarded the DSO. Poore was one of three officers of 2 Bn killed at Polygon Wood within a few minutes; they are buried beside each other at Poelcapelle British Cemetery in Belgium. His brother, Brig-Gen Robert Montagu Poore, hit 304 for Hampshire against Somerset at Taunton in 1899 when he added a record 411 for the sixth wicket with Major E. G. Wynyard, and played three Tests for South Africa in 1895-96.\n\nMR ALBERT AUGUSTUS **PORTER** (American Ambulance Corps), born at Niagara Falls, September 30, 1896; died suddenly in Paris, April 25, 1917. He was a member of the Ridley College (Ont) XI, in 1914 and 1915, and afterwards played for Cornell University. { _W1919_ }\n\nThis obituary appears in _Wisden 1919_ under the section \"Particulars of the following deaths were not received in time for inclusion in _Wisden's Almanack_ for 1918\". Behind the details lies a remarkable story about the son of the chairman of the Shredded Wheat Company. It is told in the _Memorial Volume of the American Field Service in France_ (1921):\n\n\"Albert Augustus Porter, when war broke out in 1914, was at Ridley College, St Catherines, Ontario. His residence in Canada gave to him, far more than to most boys of his age in the United States, a realisation of the true significance of the struggle, and although but 18 years of age he was eager from the first to enlist with his Canadian schoolmates for service in France. It was consideration for his family's wishes, however, which induced him to postpone for the time his project and to continue his studies at Cornell University. The summer of 1916 he attended Plattsburg, returning to Cornell in September, but by mid-winter his desire to take an active part in the war was too great to be longer denied and in February he enrolled with the American Field Service. He wrote from New York early in March, a day or two before sailing: 'Naturally I feel a little too happy, but it is because I am going to do what I have always longed to do.'\n\n\"The sort of youth he was, who sailed so happily away, is admirably shown in a letter to his family from one of his headmasters at Ridley College: 'Since he entered the lower school as a little boy, my admiration and affection for him have never waned. I never knew him to say a mean word or heard of his doing a thing which would not bear the full light of day. Full of enthusiasm for all the good and true things of life, he was one of my ideals of what a boy should be. His boyish consideration for others, his constant desire to do what was right, his intolerance of wrong, all these grew to manhood with him and made it impossible for him to stay at home while there was such work to be done.'\n\n\"Upon his arrival in Paris he was assigned to Section Four and was on the point of leaving for the front when he contracted measles which necessitated his being sent to a hospital. Here he remained, chafing under the delay, and more and more anxious each day to join his comrades, at the front. It seemed to him particularly hard to be on the verge of realising his dream and then to be held back by a trivial illness. At last his eagerness was so great that he insisted upon going out to test his strength, but the raw Paris spring weather was too much for him and pneumonia developed. He died on April 25, 1917, when not yet 21, a month after reaching France. A military funeral was held at the American Church, the first since the United States had declared war, and was attended by many of his comrades and officers of the Field Service and by prominent American and French residents. His casket, draped in an American flag, was sent back to Niagara Falls.\n\n\"It seems especially sad that one who had so long desired to join the struggle should die in this way. He had already travelled thousands of miles to achieve his purpose and it was only a seemingly cruel chance which snatched him away just as he was about to reach the front. His very eagerness to serve would have rendered him of exceptional value to the cause, yet, dying as he did, his name stands, for all who knew him, as that of a soldier who gave his all for his country.\"\n\nMAJOR GERALD FREDERICK WATSON **POWELL** (Cyclists, attd to Royal West Kent Regt), born April 24, 1891; killed July 28, aged 26. Captain of his House XI at Harrow.\n\nHe went to Magdalen College, Oxford, and had passed some exams for the Bar at Inner Temple when war was declared; he had joined the TA in 1911 in the Kent Cyclist Battalion and transferred to the Royal West Kents early in 1917.\n\n*L\/CPL DONALD LACEY **PRIESTLEY** (Artists' Rifles), born at Tewkesbury, July 28, 1887; killed October 30. Played for Tewkesbury Grammar School, Tewkesbury, and Gloucestershire.\n\nHe played in four County Championship matches in 1909 and three in 1910, with a top score of 51. He was one of eight children of the headmaster of Tewkesbury Grammar School; an older brother, Raymond, went on early expeditions to the Antarctic and was awarded the MC in the war: he was knighted in 1949 and died in 1974, aged 87.\n\nLT JOHN SELBY **PRATT** (Yorks Regt), killed April 11, aged 19. Blundell's School.\n\nHe was MiD two days before he was killed near Arras as he went ahead with a machine gun to find a gap in the wire to get his Company through.\n\nMAJOR JAMES EDMOND PRINGLE **RAE** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), killed November 30, aged 25. St Bees School XI, 1911.\n\nHe went to Worcester College, Oxford. He saw active service from August 1914 without a break and was killed when in command of, and rallying, his Battalion at Cambrai.\n\n*LT RICHARD ANGWIN **RAIL** (Coldstream Guards), killed October 9, aged 29. Coldstream Guards XI and Household Brigade XI. Played for Western Province v England in 1914. In XI at the South African College. A dashing but rather careless bat.\n\nHe opened the batting against the MCC at Newlands, Cape Town, in March 1914, scoring eight and five.\n\nCAPT JOHN MARMADUKE **RAMSAY** (Rifle Brigade), born at Harrow (Queensland), September, 1897; died of wounds April 13, aged 19. Son of M. F. Ramsay, the Old Harrovian. Harrow XI 1915: made 67 v M. C. Kemp's Team. He was a useful bat and bowled slow leg-breaks.\n\nHis father had emigrated to Australia in 1880 to farm, before returning in 1907 to live in Kent.\n\n*LT JOHN EDWARD **RAPHAEL** (King's Royal Rifles and ADC to the GOC of a Division), born at Brussels, April 30, 1882; died of wounds June 11, aged 35. Merchant Taylors', 1898, etc: captain two years; Oxford v Cambridge 1903-04-05. Surrey XI, 1903, etc, and captain for a time in 1904. Member of MCC since 1906.\n\nThe news that John Raphael was dead caused sorrow to a very wide circle of friends. Though he never gained quite the place as a batsman that his deeds as a schoolboy had suggested, he was in the cricket field and still more in the world of rugby football a distinct personality. Everything he did created more than ordinary interest, his popularity as a man, apart from his ability, counting for much. At Merchant Taylors' he had a brilliant record. He was in the Eleven for five years \u2013 1897 to 1901. In 1898 as a boy of 16 he headed the batting with an average of 23 and, being quite a good school bowler, took 32 wickets at a cost of less than nine runs each. Thenceforward his school career was one long success. He was third in batting in 1899 \u2013 average 27 \u2013 and first in bowling with 51 wickets for just under 15 runs each. Then in 1900 he had a great season. At the top of the list both in batting and bowling he scored 962 runs with an average of 43, and took 68 wickets. His highest innings was 152 not out. He finished up at school in 1901 with nothing short of a triumph. Again first in batting, he scored 1,397 runs with an average of 69, and as a bowler he was second, 76 wickets falling to him. He and J. Dennis made 326 together without being parted against Kennington Park, their scores being 175 not out and 135 not out respectively. Naturally great things were expected of Raphael when he went up to Oxford, but as a cricketer he began with a setback. From some cause, after making 47 not out in the Freshmen's match, in 1902, he showed such poor form that he never had any chance of gaining his Blue. As a matter of fact he was not tried in a single first-class match. In 1903 his prospects while Oxford played at home were equally dismal. However, he got on well for Surrey against Oxford at The Oval, and was given a trial for the University against Sussex at Brighton. Seizing his opportunity, he played a fine innings of 65, when no one else could do much against the Sussex bowlers, and two days before the match with Cambridge at Lord's Mr Findlay gave him his colours. As in the case of Lord George Scott for Oxford and late Eustace Crawley for Cambridge in 1887, the last choice proved the batting success of his side. Raphael scored 130 on the first day and laid the foundation of Oxford's victory. His innings did not start well, but it was brilliant in its later stages. In the drawn match of 1904 Raphael only made 12 and 25 against Cambridge, but in the sensational match the following year \u2013 won in brilliant style by Cambridge after it had at one point seemed any odds against them \u2013 he played perhaps the best innings of his life. With a score of 99 he only failed by a single run to rival Yardley's feat of getting two hundreds in the University Match. In Surrey cricket Raphael never became a power, but he often played well for the county and when \u2013 as the last of various captains \u2013 he took charge of the team in 1904 he proved quite a capable leader. Raphael's weakness as a batsman was that he relied too exclusively upon forward play. His method \u2013 at any rate when he had to contend against first-rate bowling \u2013 demanded an easy wicket. His bowling seemed to leave him after his schooldays.\n\nAt the game of rugby football Raphael earned much distinction as a three-quarter back, playing for England in nine matches \u2013 against Scotland and against Wales in 1902, 1905, and 1906; against Ireland in 1902; and against New Zealand in 1905 and France in 1906. A beautiful kick, a brilliant field, and possessed of a good turn of speed, he was a fine natural player, even if his special qualities did not always make for success as one of a line of four three-quarters in international encounters. He accomplished great things for the Old Merchant Taylors, and gaining his Blue as a Freshman at Oxford in 1901, not only appeared for his University against Cambridge on four occasions, but only once failed to secure a try.\n\n_John Raphael, who dies in Belgium, the country of his birth_\n\nIn a by-election at Croydon [1909] he stood as Liberal candidate but did not succeed in entering Parliament. \u2013 S. H. P.\n\nA barrister, he was a member of a wealthy Jewish family; he owned Shenley cricket ground before the war. He was wounded at Messines Ridge and died in a casualty clearing station in the country of his birth. There is a plaque to his memory in St Jude on the Hill Church in Hampstead, London.\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY BROWNING **REEVES** (Hodson's Horse), accidentally killed February 28, aged 26. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1909.\n\nLT GEORGE **REID** (Canadian Infantry), born at Greenock, April 8, 1885; killed April 9. Coquitlam CC, of Vancouver. The best field in British Columbia, hard-hitting bat and useful bowler.\n\nCAPT GUY PATRICK SPENCE **REID** (Seaforth Highlanders, attd. RFC), Military Cross. Killed in accident in England, October 16, aged 20. Borlase School XI, Marlow.\n\nHe was credited with five aerial victories in France and was awarded the MC in September 1916. He had returned to England as an instructor at an aerodrome on the east coast.\n\n2ND LT JOHN SHUTE **REID** (South Wales Borderers attached Trench Mortar Battery), died of wounds August 17, aged 20. Sedbergh School XI in 1915...\n\nHe died of wounds sustained in action near Poperinghe during the Flanders campaign.\n\n2ND LT JOHN SHERBROOKE **RICHARDSON** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed April 9, aged 40. Charterhouse 1895; Trinity College (Camb) XI.\n\nPTE DAVID THOMAS **RIEKIE** (Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry), born at Lewes, August 20, 1894; killed in August. Willow Park CC, of Providence (Rhode Island); Olneyville CC, of which he was secretary and treasurer.\n\n_Wisden_ listed him as Riekey. He was actually killed at Vimy Ridge on April 9.\n\n*GNR WILLIAM **RILEY** (attd RGA), born at Newstead, August 11, 1888; killed by a shell splinter in Belgium, August 9. His early cricket was played for Newstead Colliery CC; first match for Notts in 1909. Left-hand slow-medium bowler. Did good work in 1911. He promised well, but never came up to expectation in county cricket. In 1911 he took 47 wickets for Notts in Championship matches, but they cost just over 23\u00bd runs each. Played very little county cricket in 1914, appearing for Oldfield Uttoxeter CC. In his two games v Longton he took nine wickets for nine runs, and all ten for 31 \u2013 19 out of a possible 20. When he and Alletson (189) added 152 for the tenth wicket of Notts v Sussex at Brighton, in 1911, in 40 minutes, Riley's share was ten not out.\n\nRiley, who played 80 matches for Notts, faced 19 deliveries during his partnership with Alletson; the big hitter also served in the RGA, and died in 1963.\n\nCAPT FRANCIS **RITSON** (Dorset Regt), killed June 17, aged 26. Sedbergh XI; Magdalene College (Camb) XI.\n\nHe was killed in action near Ypres.\n\nCAPT LESLIE GORDON **RIX** (London Regt), born 1893; died of wounds, February 11. University College, Hampstead, XI: played for the side until 1914.\n\nMiD.\n\nLT-COL THEODORE MEREDITH **RIXON** (King's Royal Rifles). Military Cross. Killed September 19, aged 51. Merchant Taylors' School XI.\n\nCAPT CECIL LLEWELYN NORTON **ROBERTS** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed October 9, aged 22. St. John's School, Leatherhead, 1910\u201311\u201312. Headed the batting averages in his last year.\n\nA brother, Laurence Guy Hough, died on July 21, 1915, aged 18.\n\n2ND LT MATTHIAS GROVES **ROBERTS** (Royal Berks Regt), killed July 3, aged 19. King's School (Worcester) XI.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM ARTHUR **ROBERTS** (Royal Fusiliers, attached to Training Reserve Battalion), died at Dover, August 20, aged 20. St Paul's XI, 1913\u201314\u201315... He was a left-handed bowler, rather above medium-pace.\n\nHe died after an accident in Dover on August 19 when an overcrowded tram ran away down a hill leading to the Crabble sports ground; 11 people were killed and nearly 60 injured. Roberts was the last casualty to die, from a fractured skull; he was buried at St James's Cemetery, Dover, on August 22 with full military honours.\n\n*2ND LT RALF HUBERT **ROBINSON** (Rifle Brigade: late Royal Fusiliers). Military Medal. Killed August 23, aged 32. Essex. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe kept wicket in four matches for Essex in 1912, holding nine catches and making four stumpings. After he was killed near Ypres, his widow, Daisy, asked Essex whether she could have his county cap for the sake of their son, who was born after his father's death, and the committee forwarded it to her; Lt Ralf Hubert Reginald Robinson was killed in action with the Eighth Army in Libya on June 8, 1942, aged 24.\n\nCAPT HUME BUCKLEY **RODERICK** (Welsh Guards), killed December 1, aged 30. Rugby XI, 1905 and 1906.\n\nA younger brother, John Victor Tweed Buckley, was killed on August 21, 1918, aged 21.\n\nCAPT LEONARD NEVILLE **ROGERS** (Northumberland Fusiliers), killed April 11, aged 38. Marlborough 1896. Brilliant bat, fine field and useful change bowler... Marlborough Blues XI. Rugby football for Surrey.\n\nLT PERCY ALEXANDER MACKARNESS **ROGERS** (West Yorks Regt), killed October 9, aged 20. Bradfield College XI.\n\nMAJOR WILFRED FRANK **ROGERS** (RFA), killed May 19, aged 26. Not in XI at Charterhouse, but played for Merton College (Ox); RA XI; and United Services.\n\nLT FRANCIS BERNARD **ROSEVEARE** (Indian Infantry), died of wounds, November 9, aged 21. Sedbergh School XI.\n\nHe died at Baghdad of wounds sustained four days earlier during action at Tikrit. A brother, Harold William, was killed on September 20, 1914, aged 19.\n\nMAJOR ARTHUR JUSTIN **ROSS** (RE, attached RFC). DSO and Bar to DSO. Mentioned in Despatches. Accidentally killed whilst flying August 2, aged 36. Royal Engineers XI. Not in XI while at Malvern.\n\nHe served in Egypt and France, but was killed \"while flying in the eastern counties\".\n\nLT WILLIAM STUART **ROSS** (Border Regt), killed July 23, aged 25. Brighton College XI.\n\nA brother, Robert Maynard, was killed on March 4, 1917, aged 21.\n\n2ND LT WALTER AUSTIN **ROWLEY** (Leics Regt), killed July 16. St John's School (Leatherhead) XI, 1911.\n\nCAPT JAMES **RUSSELL** (Highland Light Infantry), died in hospital at Edinburgh, July 10. Glasgow Academy XI. Military Cross.\n\nPTE PHILIP **SAMPHER** (72 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Newcastle (Staffs) on November 6, 1880, was killed on October 30. He was associated with the New Westminster CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\nMAJOR CECIL MARKHAM ANNESLEY **SAMUDA** (Somerset Light Infantry, attd Royal Fusiliers), died of wounds, July 2, aged 38. Regimental cricket.\n\nHe was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. He married in July 1914 and his only child was born on June 22, 1917 \u2013 ten days before his death: Cecil Anthony Ward Samuda followed his father into the Somerset Light Infantry and served in WW2 and at Aden.\n\n*CAPT CLIFFORD ALLEN **SAVILLE** (East Yorks Regt), killed in a raid November 8, aged 25. Played for Middlesex 1914. Born February 5, 1892. He played in three matches for Middlesex in the season of 1914, but met with little success, scoring only 57 runs in five innings. { _W1919_ }\n\nHis brother, Stanley Herbert, also played for Middlesex: he died in 1966, aged 76.\n\n2ND LT ERNEST HARLEY **SAVORY** (Royal West Surrey Regt), killed August 10, aged 20. Lancing College XI for two years. { _W1919_ }\n\n2ND LT ALFRED SYDNEY BORLASE **SCHIFF** (Rifle Brigade), killed April 9, aged 19. Brighton College, 1915. Was a fairly good bat and useful change bowler.\n\nL\/CPL ALFRED **SCHOFIELD** (Canadian Infantry), born at Sandwich, March 9, 1893; killed August 21. Wanderers CC, of Winnipeg.\n\nLT-COL EDWARD MACMAHON **SEDDON** , DSO (RGA), killed June 24, aged 49. Royal Artillery XI.\n\nMAJOR JOHN STANLEY **SHARP** (Royal Berks Regt), killed March 17, aged 33. Trinity Hall (Camb) XI. Not in XI while at Wellington.\n\nLT WILLIAM EDWARD DUDLEY **SHORTT** (Scots Guards), killed October 12, aged 24. Charterhouse XI, 1910.\n\nLT KINGSLEY CHRISTOPHER **SHUTTLEWORTH** (Suffolk Regt), killed November 19, aged 20. Forest School XI, 1915...\n\n**2ND LT ERNEST HERBERT **SIMPSON** (Anzac Section, RGA) died of wounds at St Omer, France, on October 2, aged 41. He was born at Clapton, London, on December 17, 1875, and was educated at Malvern where he was in the Eleven from 1893 to 1895; he was captain in the last year. A right-hand bat, he played seven matches for Kent in 1896, with a highest score of 94 against Lancashire at Old Trafford. He became a member of the Stock Exchange in 1900. He was mortally wounded by an aeroplane bomb near Vlamertinghe on September 27, and died five days later.\n\n2ND LT ALFRED CECIL **SKOULDING** (Ox and Bucks Light Infantry), died of wounds on February 21, aged 33. Captain of the Melton CC.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM SUTTON **SMEETH** (Royal Irish Rifles, attached RFC), accidentally killed July 17, aged 22. Loretto XI. Played twice for Yorkshire Colts in 1914. Had been wounded.\n\nHe served for some time in France, was wounded, and on recovery was appointed Instructor in Flying at Narborough, Norfolk, where he was killed by an aeroplane which had got out of control. The number of pilots and observers killed in training accidents was a national cause for concern; although many were down to human error, Capt W. E. Johns, creator of \"Biggles\", who was a flying instructor and himself wrote off a number of planes, suggested there was a more sinister reason for some of the crashes and many years later wrote: \"at least one or two spies were tampering with our machines.\" Smeeth is the only military casualty buried at Bolton Abbey, near his home in the Yorkshire Dales.\n\n**RFMN HUBERT GEORGE SELWYN **SMITH** (New Zealand Rifle Brigade) died at Messines on June 7, aged 25. He was born at Beaudesert, Queensland, on October 9, 1891. He played three matches for Queensland between March 1912 and January 1913.\n\nCAPT SAMUEL PERCY **SMITH** (South Staffs Regt), killed on February 2, aged 28. Great Barr and Walsall XIs.\n\nHe was killed by a shell from a trench mortar which burst close to him while he was digging out others buried by an earlier shell at Berles-au-Bois near Arras. The village of Berles was later \"adopted\" by the county borough of Wolverhampton. Smith had been a pupil at Wolverhampton Grammar School.\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM REGINALD STURSTON **SMITH** (RFC), died of wounds October 22, aged 19. Shrewsbury School XI. { _W1919_ }\n\nMIDSHIPMAN EDWARD RUPERT **SNOW** (RNAS and HMS _Ark Royal_ ), killed whilst flying, March 3, aged 18. In XI at Osborne.\n\nLT HAROLD JACKSON **SNOWDEN** (South Lancs Regt, attached RFC), died of wounds, August 11. Rugby in 1906... Trial games at Oxford 1907.\n\nCAPT FREDERICK EDWARD GRANVILLE **SOUTHWELL** (East Yorks Regt), died of wounds on April 10, aged 27. Bedford County School XI: 1905 and 1906; St Catherine's College (Camb) XI. Played chess for Camb University.\n\nA brother, Wilfrid Alan Granville, died on June 16, 1915.\n\nMAJOR FRANCIS ROBERT **SPENCE** (Canadian Infantry), born at Belleville (Ont) Feb 17, 1881; killed August 18. Was in the Ridley College XI (Ont) in 1895. { _W1919_ }\n\n*LT ALLAN IVO **STEEL** (Coldstream Guards), son of A. G. Steel; killed October 8, aged 25. Eton XI, 1910\u201311; Middlesex, 1912. Calcutta CC. Member of MCC since 1912. A good slow bowler at Eton, Steel had obviously modelled his style on that of his famous father. His school records were excellent \u2013 42 wickets with an average of 12.71 in 1910, and 47 wickets with an average of 14.53 in 1911. He fairly divided honours with Fowler in 1910 on the whole season's work, and took the other two wickets when Fowler, with eight wickets for 23 runs, beat Harrow in such sensational fashion at Lord's. Steel was improving fast as a batsman when he left Eton, and would no doubt have developed considerably if he had gone to Cambridge instead of taking up a business appointment in India.\n\nA brother, John Haythorne, a lieutenant in the Royal Navy, was drowned on April 18, 1918, aged 28, when on his way to take command of HMS _Munster_.\n\nLT STEPHANUS SEBASTIAN LOMBARD **STEYN** (RFA), killed December 8, aged 28. Three years in XI at Diocesan College, Rondesbosch (South Africa). Went to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, got his Rugby Blue and played rugby for Scotland.\n\nFLT-LT FORD STUART **STRATHY** (RNAS), born at Hamilton (Ontario) September 2, 1897; killed August 17, aged 19. Trinity College School, Port Hope: captain of the XI in 1915. Toronto CC.\n\n**CONDUCTOR HENRY BERNARD **STRICKER** (South African Service Corps) died at Dadoma, East Africa, on February 15, aged 28. He was born at Beaconsfield, Kimberley, Cape Province, in 1888. He played three matches for Transvaal in March 1913 and January 1914 with a highest score of 66 not out; a team-mate was Claude Newberry (qv 1916). His brother Louis Anthony played for Transvaal and South Africa; he died in 1960. Dodoma was occupied by South African troops on July 29, 1916, and a casualty clearing station was opened from which burials were made in Dodoma Cemetery, now Tanzania, where Stricker lies.\n\nCAPT CHARLES ERSKINE **STUART** (Suffolk Regt, attached York and Lancaster Regt), died of wounds March 15, aged 34. Bath College XI: headed batting, a fine field and useful change bowler. Trinity College (Camb) XI: played golf and lawn tennis for Cambridge.\n\n*CAPT WILLIAM GRANT SPRUELL **STUART** (Cameron Highlanders), killed April 23, aged 27. Watson's College XI: captain in 1907. Edinburgh Univ XI; Scotland v Ireland, 1914.\n\nHis one match for Scotland was at Dublin. He was awarded the MC on January 1, 1917.\n\nCAPT HUMPHREY NISBET **SWANN** (Lincs Regt), killed April 4, aged 24. Regimental cricket. Mentioned in Despatches.\n\n2ND LT RUPERT GIRARD **SWEETLAND** (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), who was born in Guernsey on May 18, 1893, died of wounds on January 26. He had played with success for the New Westminster CC, of British Columbia. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe served with the Royal Guernsey Engineers 1910\u201313 and enlisted at Vancouver in November 1914 in the Canadian Infantry.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE CHARLES **SYMINTON** (Royal Sussex Regt), died of wounds, August 1, aged 19. Ardingly College. Captain of the XI. In his last season he averaged over 50.\n\nBRIG-GEN JOHN ARTHUR **TANNER** , CB, CMG, DSO (Royal Engineers). Mentioned in Despatches. Born 1858; killed July 23, aged 58. RMA XI (Woolwich). RE XI for many years: a fine bat.\n\nHe first served in the Sudan in 1885. During the Great War he was Chief Engineer of the British VII Corps in the Third Army during the Somme offensive in July 1916 and the Battle of Arras in 1917. His name is on the war memorial at St Mary's Church, Eversley, Hampshire.\n\n*CAPT THEODORE ARTHUR **TAPP** (Coldstream Guards attd Machine Gun Corps), Military Cross and Bar. Born 1883, died of wounds, October 21, aged 34. Rugby XI, 1900...\n\nHis single fc match was for London County, captained by W. G. Grace, against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1904; he took five for 99 in the university's only innings. He was a member of the London Stock Exchange. The Bar to his MC was gazetted posthumously: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in getting his guns into position previous to an attack, in spite of heavy casualties, and in leading his men in the attack with great coolness, courage and resource, by his fine personal example he helped a great deal towards the success of the operations.\"\n\n2ND LT BERNARD ARTHUR **TAYLOR** (Machine Gun Corps), killed on November 30. Was well known in Derbyshire cricketing circles as an amateur. Brother of Capt W. T. Taylor, secretary of the Derbyshire CC. { _W1919_ }\n\n2ND LT GEORGE FREDERICK WOODLAND **TAYLOR** (Essex Regt), killed May 4, aged 20. Malvern XI; wicketkeeper.\n\nHis father was managing director of the _Essex Weekly News_ , and was at a meeting of the Newspaper Society in London when he received the news of his son's death.\n\n2ND LT LEONARD FRANK **TAYLOR** (South Staffs Regt), killed March 14, aged 26. Left-hand bat. In 1911 headed the Birmingham League averages with 68.40 for Walsall CC. Played for Staffordshire, and in 1914 scored 102 v Surrey 2nd XI at The Oval. Prior to the War he was qualifying for Warwickshire. Was first in Staffordshire's averages in 1912 with 44.16 (106 v Monmouth, at Newport), and second in 1913 with 36.27 (106 v Free Foresters).\n\nCAPT JOHN CHARLES DODSWORTH **TETLEY** (Grenadier Guards), killed October 9, aged 31. Charterhouse. Association Blue for Oxford.\n\n2ND LT CECIL VICTOR **THOMPSON** (East Lancs Regt), killed February 6, aged 19. Forest School XI, 1911\u201312\u201313\u201314. Essex 2nd XI in 1914.\n\nHe was an outstanding all-rounder at Forest School, for whom he hit a top score of 161 not out and took 42 wickets in 1914; in August, he played four matches for Essex 2nd XI. He was wounded in France and MiD, and was killed near Basra.\n\nLT JOHN **THOMPSON** (RFC), killed March 11. A prominent member of the South Shields CC.\n\nPTE FREDERICK WILLIAM **THOMPSON** (Essex Regt), killed April 22, aged 42. Scorer to the Herts County CC for 16 years.\n\n_Wisden_ wrongly gives just the initial \"T\" and \"Bedfordshire\" Regt. _A History of Hertfordshire Cricket_ by Bob Simons has a photograph of the Hertfordshire team that played Cambridgeshire at Watford on August 12, 1907, including F. W. Thompson (scorer).\n\nCAPT ALAN GRAHAM **THOMSON** (Royal Scots), killed September 26. Edinburgh Academy XI, two years. Just failed to get his Blue for golf at Oxford. { _W1919_ }\n\nCAPT AUBREY LLOYD SINCLAIR **THOMSON** (King's Liverpool Regt) Military Cross. Wounded three times. Died of wounds November 14, aged 26. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1910, 1911...\n\nLT HENRY RICHARD **THOMSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Hamilton (Ont), May 30, 1894; died of wounds October 25. Captain of Highfield School (Hamilton) XI in 1914. {W1919}\n\n_The Highfield Review_ said: 'Harry Thomson was conspicuous throughout his School life for his unfailing cheerfulness and charming consideration for others. His principles were high, and he came near to our conception of a true gentleman. Beneath an exterior which never lost its boyishness there lay a stern determination and a will of steel. His devotion to duty was marked even among instances of extreme devotion. When severely wounded he resisted all temptations to remain in Canada, and was not happy until he had rejoined his comrades at the Front. His strong, beautiful character has left a permanent mark on his associates and friends.'\n\nCAPT RALPH WILLIAM **THURGAR** (Norfolk Regt), Military Cross. Killed April 19, aged 27. Norwich Grammar School XI; Norfolk XI. His first game for the county was in 1907, but he did not appear regularly until 1910. When scoring 155 v Cambridgeshire, at Cambridge, he and R. F. Popham made 197 for the first wicket. Always a good bat, he developed into a very sound wicketkeeper. Kept goal for Norfolk at football. { _W1919_ }\n\nThe citation for his MC in _LG_ (August 16, 1917) states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. Although wounded, he continued to lead his company until wounded a second time, after which he issued orders as he lay on the ground until carried to the rear.\"\n\nCAPT AUGUSTUS **TILBURY** (RFA), born at Southampton, May 3, 1887; killed June 8. King's County CC, of Brooklyn, 1911.\n\nLT CHARLES BURNABY **TINLING** (42 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Hamilton (Ont), on March 30, 1893, died of wounds on April 15, aged 24. He was in the eleven at Highfield School (Hamilton, Ontario) in 1910. {W1920}\n\nMiD. _The Highfield Review_ stated: 'Burnaby Tinling served first with the Medical Corps of McGill University. Through splendid service and devotion to duty he reached the rank of Sergeant-Major, and at the expiration of his time was given a commission with the 42nd Highlanders. Struck down at Vimy Ridge, he lay wounded for some days, during which his great concern was for his men with never a thought for himself. Burnaby Tinling had great ability, splendid physique and strong character.' His younger brother, George Evelyn, was killed on October 4, 1917. _The Highfield Review_ added: 'The School has had no boys of more brilliant promise than Burnaby and George Tinling. In their short lives here they did all in their power, and earned a glorious reward.'\n\n2ND LT DONALD HARGREAVES **TREMELLEN** (Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry), killed on April 23, aged 19. Highgate School XI, 1913\u201314\u201315.\n\nNot Tremellan as in _Wisden_.\n\nCAPT JOHN WILFRED HUGH **TRENCHARD** (RGA), died of wounds, October 3, aged 20. Mill Hill XI, 1914\u201315.\n\nNot Trenehard as in _Wisden_.\n\nCAPT ALFRED SYER **TRIMMER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Burks Fall (Ont), October 2, 1883; killed April 28. In 1901 was a member of the Ridley College XI, of Ontario. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe was awarded the MC and Bar.\n\nLT STUART FONDEN **TROTTER** (Canadian Infantry attd RFC), born at Forest Hill, November 25, 1885: died of wounds, July 6. St Dunstan's College XI; Winnipeg CC: captain of XI. His best score was 153 not out for Winnipeg B v Yorkshire White Rose in 1909.\n\nCAPT SEYMOUR BURNELL **TUBBS** (Gloucs Regt), born 1893: killed August 22. St Cyprian's, Eastbourne: capt of XI for three years, in last of which his batting average was 79. At Harrow he played for his House, and occasionally for the XI.\n\nPTE ARTHUR **TURNER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Byfleet, Surrey, August 25, 1890; killed April 11. Galt CC, of Ontario.\n\n2ND LT RALPH HAMON WEELEY **UPTON** (East Surrey Regt), killed May 3, aged 19. Haileybury XI, 1915. Was a very useful bat in a run-getting team.\n\n**LT JAMES **VALIANT** (7 Bn, Royal Welsh Fusiliers) died at Gaza, Palestine, on October 28, aged 33. He was born at Wavertree, Liverpool, on July 17, 1884; his father was a butcher. In 1908, he played for Lancashire 2nd XI in the Minor Counties Championship. His single fc match was for Essex against Northamptonshire at Northampton in June 1912. He is buried at Beersheba War Cemetery; General Allenby's force, which by October 1917 had been entrenched for several months in front of a strong Turkish position along the Gaza to Beersheba road, launched an attack on Beersheba on October 31, three days after Valiant died. He is named on the war memorial at Radwinter, Essex.\n\nLT CHARLES STEWART **VANE-TEMPEST** (RFC), born May 5, 1896; died of wounds, March 25, a prisoner of the Germans. Eton XI, 1914. A good bat in a team that could get runs down to the tenth man...\n\nHe was a great-grandson of Charles, third Marquess of Londonderry. Instead of returning to Eton after the summer of 1914 he enlisted in the Durham Light Infantry. When he was unable to go to the front because of his age, he joined the RFC and obtained his \"wings\" in January 1917. He went to the front on February 7, and died at Ligny-aux-Chemins from wounds received in aerial combat over the German lines.\n\nCAPT CHARLES GOLDTHORP **VICKERS** (York and Lancaster Regt), killed in action November 22, aged 27. Repton XI, 1907. Had a high reputation as a fast bowler. { _W1919_ }\n\nLT GEORGE B. **VICKERY** (Canadian Infantry), born at Millview, Co. Cork, August 7, 1874; killed April 28, aged 42. St Michael's CC, of Calgary, Alberta.\n\n2ND LT ROBERT STANLEY GARRARD **VIGERS** (King's Royal Rifles), born 1896; died of wounds, April 5. Uppingham XI, 1914 and 1915.\n\nLT MYLES WILLIAM **VON WINCKLER** (Middx Regt), born in Demerara, 1893; killed August 1. St Paul's XI, 1911 and 1912... Wadham College (Ox) XI.\n\nLT HERBERT ALBERT VINCENT **WAIT** (Royal Berks Regt), killed on December 2, at Passchendaele, aged 19. Oakham School XI, 1914\u201315. { _W1919_ }\n\nLT MAURICE JOHN LEA **WALKER** (Royal West Kent Regt), killed May 3, aged 24. Uppingham XI, 1910, 1911, Pembroke College (Camb) XI; Cambridge Crusaders.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM GRAY **WALKER** (Trench Mortar Battery), killed July 18, aged 31. Epsom College XI.\n\nHe won the MC and Bar.\n\nLT JOHN CHARLES **WALLER** (Canadian Infantry), born at Karuizawa, Japan, August 20, 1895; killed May 3, aged 21. Trinity College School, Port Hope, XI, 1913.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT GEOFFREY STAFFORD **WALLINGTON** (King's Royal Rifle Corps). Mentioned in Despatches. Born 1896; killed September 19. Eton, 1915.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS PILLANS **WARD** (Northants Regt), killed July 31, aged 20. Played for his House at Rugby.\n\nHe joined the regiment as soon as he left Rugby. He was selected to be a musketry instructor, but he made repeated applications to be sent to the front and was killed in his first action, at Ypres. A fellow soldier wrote: \"He went over the top without flinching, and led his men very brave, like the officer he was.\"\n\nPTE HARRY STANLEY **WARREN** (Beds Regt, attd South Wales Borderers), killed on March 17, aged 31. West Herts CC.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM GEORGE DOUGLAS **WATSON** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), killed April 19, aged 35. Captain of the Annan CC for some years.\n\n2ND LT HAROLD VAUGHAN IREMONGER **WATTS** (Devon Regt), born 1881; died of wounds, August 11, aged 35. Newton College XI, 1898. Hon. Sec., South Devon CC. At Oxford got his half-blue for hockey. Played for Devon at cricket [17 matches between 1901 and 1910].\n\nLT SYDNEY **WAUDE** (Canadian Infantry, Alberta Regt), killed May 31, aged 25. Was a member of the Hillhurst CC, of Calgary (Alberta). { _W1919_ }\n\nMAJOR ERNEST GLANVILLE **WAYMOUTH** (RA), died October 16, aged 48. RA XI; IZ; Free Foresters. Member of MCC since 1894.\n\nHe is not listed on CWGC, but it is not certain he had retired. He was born at Plymouth on August 1, 1869, and died in Holloway Sanatorium (a psychiatric hospital) at Virginia Water, Surrey. He fought at the Battle of Omdurman in 1898 and was with the force sent to relieve Peking during the Boxer rebellion of 1900.\n\n2ND LT HERMAN **WEDD** (RGA) killed April 30, aged 31. Rossall XI, 1890.\n\nMAJOR THOMAS **WEEDING** (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), killed August 26, aged 38. Regimental cricket in India. Son of T. W. Weeding (formerly Baggallay). Twice wounded.\n\nHe was among the first 100 officers to learn to fly, but had to rejoin his regiment in Bermuda before the RFC was formed in 1912. He was wounded in October 1914 and again in September 1915, not returning until December 1916. As he was riding up to the front, a shell burst and he and his horse were killed instantaneously. A brother, John Richard Baggallay Weeding, was killed on December 22, 1914, aged 32. Their father, who played eight matches for Surrey, 1865\u201374, changed his name in 1868 from Baggallay to Weeding under the terms of a will relating to the possession of Durnford Mill, Chertsey.\n\nLT SIDNEY WALTER HUMFREY **WELSBY** (Cheshire Regt), killed April 30, aged 26. Malvern XI, 1910, being a useful bat and change bowler; Trinity Hall (Camb) XI. Rowed in Trinity Hall Eight at Henley.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR EUSTACE LOCKLEY **WEST** (RGA), killed April 28, aged 24. Captain of XI at Mountjoy School, Dublin.\n\n2ND LT RUTLAND VILLIERS **WHEATLEY** (East Yorks Regt), killed on November 29, aged 27. Elstow School XI, 1906, 1907 and 1908.\n\nCAPT RALFE ALLEN FULLER **WHISTLER** (Highland Light Infantry), died of wounds, April 28, aged 21. King's School, Bruton, XI. Regimental cricket.\n\n_Wisden_ named the wrong school: the King's School he attended was the one in Canterbury, which he represented at cricket and rugby in 1911 and 1912. He went on to Sandhurst, winning a Prize Cadetship, and served in France and Flanders from the start of the war, when he took part in the retreat from Mons. He was wounded at Aisne in 1914, at Festubert in 1915, and a third time in the attempted relief of Kut in Mesopotamia in April 1916, after which he contracted typhoid. He returned to France in March 1917 and was wounded for a fourth and fatal time at the Battle of Arras while attempting to rescue comrades under shell fire.\n\n2ND LT JOHN GARDNER **WHITE** (Scottish Rifles, attd RFC), killed August 26, aged 20. Edinburgh Academy XI, 1914\u201315. Very good wicketkeeper.\n\nHe was killed \"on a special mission\" over the German lines.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY NIELD **WHITEHEAD** (RFC), killed October 15, aged 29. Shrewsbury XI, 1906 and 1907. Christ Church (Ox) XI. A very useful bowler.\n\nLT ROBERT HILARY LOCKHART **WHITELAW** (Household Battalion), died of wounds, May 28, aged 22. Glenalmond XI; Grange CC.\n\nTwo brothers also died: Geoffrey Lacy on April 14, 1918, aged 19, and William Alexander on February 14, 1919, aged 27.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE WORLEY **WHITEMAN** (RFA), killed July 30, aged 21. Bedford Modern School XI 1910\u201311. Was a very useful bat.\n\nLT JOHN GEORGE **WILL** (RFC), killed March 25, aged 24. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1911.\n\nHe was a Scotland rugby international, one of six members of the last pre-war team who were killed in action.\n\nCAPT CHARLES ELLICOMBE **WILLIAMS** (South Wales Borderers), died of wounds May 27, aged 27. King's School, Bruton, XI; Somerset County Juniors. Mentioned in Despatches.\n\nPTE ALBERT **WILLIAMSON** (Canadian Infantry), born at Bath, November 24, 1878; killed December. He was a member of the Havaimo CC of British Columbia. { _W1919_ }\n\nLT FREDERICK JAMES **WILLSON** (Indian Army), born at Shellong (Assam), died of wounds, January 10, aged 27. Kelly College (Tavistock) XI; Emmanuel College (Camb) XI.\n\nPTE ARTHUR JAMES **WILSON** (Royal Fusiliers), killed July 1, aged 29. Glenalmond XI, 1904. { _W1919_ }\n\nHe won an Olympic silver medal for rugby in 1908: Cornwall, the champion county of the previous season, was chosen to represent the UK and lost 3\u201332 to the touring Australians; Wilson was a student at Camborne School of Mines. He won an international cap for England against Ireland at Lansdowne Road in February 1909.\n\n2ND LT EVAN WELLDON **WILSON** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), born April 21, 1897; killed April 23, aged 20. Fettes XI.\n\n**PTE GEORGE CHARLES LEE **WILSON** (Canterbury Regt, NZEF) was killed in action in Flanders on December 14, aged 30. He was born at Christchurch, Canterbury, on May 1, 1887, and was a carpenter and joiner by trade. A leg-break bowler, his six fc matches, in which he took 31 wickets at 23.12 \u2013 four times getting five in an innings with a best of seven for 80, and twice ten in a match \u2013 were played in a four-month period at the end of 1913 and in early 1914. He played five matches for Canterbury and for New Zealand (pre-Tests) against Australia at Dunedin in March 1914. In the game for Canterbury against the Australians, he bowled 19 wicketless overs for 96 as Victor Trumper (293) and Arthur Sims (184 not out) shared a partnership of 433 for the eighth wicket; a team-mate was R. G. Hickmott (qv) who fell at the Somme in September 1916. Wilson is buried at Polygon Wood Cemetery.\n\n**CAPT GUY DENIS **WILSON** (RFA) was killed in action at Cambrai on November 30, his 35th birthday. He was born at Melbourne, Derbyshire, on November 30, 1882, and was educated at Derby School, where he captained the cricket and football elevens. He played two matches for Derbyshire, against London County in June 1902 at Derby and against MCC at Lord's in July 1905. He joined the 1st Derbyshire Howitzer Battery in December 1908.\n\nCAPT HENRY IVAN De BURGH **WILSON** (Royal West Kent Regt), killed April 19, aged 30. King's School, Canterbury, XI, 1900. Good bat.\n\nHe is not listed on the King's School memorial, but he did go to Wye Agricultural College in Kent. He would have been too young to have played for the school in 1900. He is buried at Gaza War Cemetery.\n\n2ND LT TOM BONHOTE **WILSON** (Irish Guards), killed July 18, aged 25. Harrow XI 1909\u20131011. Brother of Mr F. B. Wilson. He was a very steady batsman... He went up to [Pembroke College] Cambridge but did not get his Blue. Member of MCC since 1913.\n\n_Wisden 1919_ records him again, with an incorrect date of death. His mother placed an \"In Memoriam\" notice in _The Times_ of July 18, 1925: \"In proud and loving memory of my dearly-beloved youngest son... It is as if the sun had gone out.\" His father, who played for Cambridge University, was a journalist who reported on 20 sports for _The Times_ ; he died in 1932, aged 50.\n\nCAPT ARNOLD VINCENT DENYS **WISE** , MC (Royal Engineers). Mentioned in Despatches. Born 1894; killed May 15, aged 23. Cheltenham XI: captain in 1911, when he stood second in batting with an average of 23; RMA, Woolwich, XI.\n\nLT JOHN FREDERICK **WOODALL** (Machine Gun Corps), Military Cross. Wounded. Mentioned in Despatches. Killed November 8, aged 20. Was captain of cricket at Ellesmere College, Salop.\n\nHe was awarded the MC ( _LG_ , September 26, 1916) and later the Parchment of the Irish Brigade. He was killed in action in Palestine, having returned to duty in June 1917 after being severely wounded at the capture of Guillemont on September 3, 1916.\n\nCAPT JOHN ROBINSON **WOODS** (Canadian Mounted Rifles), born at Toronto March 20, 1892; killed October 24. Upper Canada College XI, 1907\u201308\u201309\u201310. Played also for the Toronto CC.\n\nMiD.\n\n**BREVET LT-COL RICHARD STANLEY **WORSLEY** (Army Service Corps, attd NZEF) was drowned off the Gulf of Genoa, Italy, on May 4, aged 37. He was born at Spilsby, Lincolnshire, on September 7, 1879, and educated at Wellington and Sandhurst. His single fc match was for Orange Free State against Transvaal at Bloemfontein in January 1904; also in the same side and playing his only game was Roland Barlow (qv 1919). He had served in the South African War and was five times MiD, three times for gallantry at Gallipoli and twice for operations in Darfur, and was awarded the DSO ( _LG_ , May 3, 1916). On May 4, 1917, the SS _Transylvania_ , which was on its way to Salonika with reinforcements, was sunk by torpedo off Cape Vado, a few miles south of Savona, with the loss of more than 400 lives; Worsley had been returning to England to take up a new post, and is listed on the Savona Memorial.\n\nCAPT RICHARD FITZPATRICK **WORTHINGTON** (Gloucs Regt), died of wounds, May 4, aged 36. Tonbridge School XI, 1898\u201399\u20131900; a good bat, but quite overshadowed in 1900 by K. L. Hutchings [qv 1916]. Cambridge Freshmen's match 1901; Seniors 1902\u201303, but did very little at the University.\n\nHe died in England of wounds received in France on April 7; he is buried at St Bartholomew Churchyard, Lower Cam, Gloucestershire.\n\nCAPT REUBEN **WRIGHT** (Yorks Light Infantry). DSO. Died of wounds, August 17, aged 28. Leigh CC, of Lancashire. Fast bowler. Height 6ft 3in.\n\nCAPT ALEXANDER **WYLLIE** (Royal Scots Fusiliers) killed April 18, aged 33. Edinburgh Academy XI (about 1901\u201302).\n\nCAPT EDWARD ERNEST **WYNNE** (Leics Regt) born June 7, 1895; killed June 8. Uppingham: cricket, hockey and fives.\n\nHe played rugby for Rosslyn Park. His father was Rector of Guestling in Sussex, and he is commemorated on a memorial inside St Laurence Church.\n\nMAJOR GEORGE EDWARD SAVILL **YOUNG** (Irish Guards), died of wounds, March 31, aged 33. Bradfield XI, 1900\u201301\u201302. Hockey for Oxford v Cambridge.\n\n*LT CHARLES FREARSON **YOUNGER** (Lothians and Border Horse), born at Tillicoultry, in Clackmannan, on September 9, 1885, killed March 21, aged 31. Winchester, 1903 and 1904: first in bowling each year; Oxford Freshmen in 1905; Seniors in 1906 and 1907. New College (Ox) XI; Clackmannan County XI. Member of MCC since 1909. A left-handed bowler of medium pace, Younger was highly thought of at Winchester, his length being so good, but though he did well in the Freshmen's match in 1905, he never seemed likely to get his Blue at Oxford. He bowled finely against Eton in 1904, having a big share in Winchester's victory.\n\nHe played for Oxford University against MCC in The Parks in 1907, and for Scotland against the South Africans in Glasgow in 1912. His father was George, Viscount Younger, and he was a director of brewers George Younger & Son in Alloa.\n**DEATHS IN 1918**\n\nReported in _Wisden 1919_ unless stated, eg { _W1920_ }\n\n**2ND LT FREDERICK HENRI **ABRAHAM** (16 Bn, Lancs Fusiliers) died at Joncourt, France, on October 2, aged 30. He was born at Georgetown, Demerara, British Guiana (now Guyana), on February 5, 1888; his father, Frederick, played once for Demerara in 1883. A right-hand bat and right-arm medium-pace bowler, he played ten matches for British Guiana between 1905 and 1912, with a highest score of 64 and best bowling of four for 30.\n\nLT FRANK DALZIEL **ADAM** (Rifle Brigade), killed July 19, aged 21. Leys School, 1914.\n\nHis death near Bethune in France came at the end of the great German offensive which had started in March 1918, and was just days before the British counter-offensive commenced.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES JOHN NORMAN **ADAMS** (6th Royal Warwicks Regt), who died of wounds on November 14, 1918, aged 29, was in the Eleven at King's School, Canterbury, in 1906\u201307\u201308. Later he was an assistant master at Marlborough. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe won an Open Classical Scholarship to St John's College, Oxford, where he captained the cricket and rugby teams. He was severely wounded while leading his platoon in an attack near Wargnies Le Petit on November 4; his family were summoned on November 13, and he died the next day. His name is on the war memorial inside the lychgate leading to St Mary the Virgin Church, Nettlestead, Kent, where his father was rector.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK LESLIE **ADAMS** (RGA), killed September 15, aged 22. Whitgift Grammar School, 1912 and 1913.\n\n*LT LESTOCK HANDLEY **ADAMS** (Rifle Brigade), killed April 22, aged 30. Captain of XI at St Lawrence Coll (Ramsgate). In XI at Queen's Coll (Camb). Played in Camb Univ trials. Only son of the Rev H. F. S. Adams. Also played with success for the Winnipeg CC.\n\nHe played six fc matches for and against Cambridge University in 1908 and 1910.\n\n*CAPT CHARLES YOUNG **ADAMSON** (Royal Scots Fusiliers), killed September 17, aged 43. Durham School XI. Durham County XI for many years. Queensland XI. English international footballer.\n\nHe played in Durham's first Minor Counties Championship match in 1895, and a single fc match for Queensland v NSW at Brisbane in November 1899; earlier that year, he won four caps on the first official British Lions tour of Australia, when he was the top scorer in the Tests with 17 points.\n\n2ND LT JOHN (IAN) MALCOLM **AITKEN** (RFA), died of wounds received in action October 12, aged 19. Edinburgh Academy XI, 1915 and 1916. Nominated for Oriel College, Oxford.\n\nCAPT ALBERT EVELYN **ALDERSON** (Royal West Surrey Regt, attd KOYLI), drowned March 11 [at Salonica]. Dover College XI in 1907.\n\nCAPT REGINALD **ALDERSON** (Lancs Fusiliers), Military Cross, died of wounds March 25, aged 23. St Bees' XI, 1913; and Selwyn, Cambs. Wounded 1915.\n\nLT STEPHEN HENRY HAMMANS **ALLEN** (Devon Regt, attd Northumberland Fusiliers), killed March 27, aged 23. Berkhamsted School XI.\n\nLT-COL JEROME BOILEAU **ALLSOPP** (South Lancs Regt), killed May 27, aged 38. Stubbington House XI, 1896. Had been wounded.\n\nA veteran of the Boer War, he was awarded the DSO and was MiD three times. He was killed by a machine-gun bullet when leading his battalion into action at Bouvancourt. He was one of four brothers to serve \u2013 the others survived.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR GEORGE **ANSELL** (RE), died of gas poisoning, April 25, aged 23. Solihull Grammar School, where he headed the batting averages for four years.\n\nHe obtained a science degree at Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\nCAPT ERIC SCOTT **APLIN** (Worcs Regt), born November 18, 1895; died of wounds March 11. King's School, Rochester, XI.\n\nHe was previously wounded at Loos in September 1915 and on the Somme in November 1916. A brother, Elphinstone D'Oyly, died on May 13, 1915, aged 22.\n\nLT WILLIAM **ASHCROFT** (The King's Liverpool Regt), killed March 22, aged 36. Caius Coll (Camb) XI.\n\nHe was a partner in a Liverpool firm of solicitors. He was the eldest of six brothers who served in the infantry: Edward Stanley died on May 12, 1918, aged 35; Frederick died on April 9, 1917, aged 30.\n\nLT LIONEL ARTHUR **ASHFIELD** (RAF), born August 1, 1898; killed July 16. Was in the Marlborough XI in 1916, when he had a batting average of 47, having been twelfth man the year before. His father was in the College XI in 1883 and 1884.\n\nHe was credited with seven aerial victories and was awarded the DFC posthumously. The citation stated that he was \"a very capable officer of exceptional judgment and courage. He has carried out 62 flights behind the enemy lines with invariable success.\" His plane was shot down while returning from Bruges; his observer also died. His father was headmaster of Hazelhurst School in Frant, East Sussex, where there is a memorial tablet in St Alban's Church.\n\nLT THOMAS **ASHWORTH** (Canadian Infantry), killed September 2. Played for St Edmund's CC, of Toronto.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM **ASKHAM** (Army Cyclist Corps), killed April 11, aged 23. Wellingborough Grammar School. All-round player.\n\nHis brother, Sydney Thomas (qv), fell on August 21, 1916.\n\nLT FRANK HARTLEY **ASPDEN** (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt), died of wounds September 20, aged 24. Chatham House School XI.\n\nLT CHRISTOPHER BASIL **ASTLEY** (Liverpool Scottish), killed on July 27, aged 22. Birkenhead School.\n\nHe played for Wallasey CC. He was recommended for the MC after bringing in seven German prisoners from a night patrol in May 1918. He died six days after being wounded in the neck by shrapnel.\n\nCPL JAMES HENRY **ATHERTON** (Machine Gun Corps), killed in action at Maissemy, France, on September 24, aged 30. On groundstaff at Old Trafford for six years. Lancashire 2nd XI. Professional at Lowerhouse.\n\nMAJOR CHARLES SELWYN **AWDRY** , DSO (6th Wilts Regt), was killed on March 24, 1918. He was in the Winchester XI in 1896, when he had a batting average of 24.37. Subsequently he played Army cricket, and for Wiltshire and the MCC, of which he had been a member since 1897. He was born on March 23, 1877. { _W1920_ }\n\nHis DSO citation, gazetted posthumously on December 2, 1918, states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He showed the greatest coolness and contempt of danger in conducting the retirement of the remnants of his battalion, and though greatly exhausted organised a new line of defence during the night. Next day, by his fine example he did much to steady the men of many scattered units.\" His son, Charles Edwin, born in 1906, followed him to Winchester and became a captain in the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry and served in WW2, promoted to major in 1945; he played two fc matches, for West of England against the New Zealanders in 1927 and for Minor Counties against Oxford University in 1937, having played many games for Wiltshire.\n\nCAPT FRANK WILLIAM **BACON** (Essex Regt) died on December 4, 1918, of wounds received in Palestine, aged 36. He was in the Felsted Eleven in 1899 and 1900. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe died in Israel but is buried in Southgate Cemetery, Middlesex.\n\nGNR RICHARD **BAILES** (RFA), killed in action September 27, aged 40. Was professional of the Chickenley CC. A native of Armley, he became a member of the club there at the age of 15. Formerly professional at Elland.\n\nLT GEOFFREY SELWYN **BARROW** (Special Reserve, RFA), who died of influenza in hospital in Paris on December 26, 1918, aged 27, was in the Tonbridge School XI in 1912. He played rugby football for the School, Blackheath and Kent. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was appointed OBE in the 1919 New Year Honours, six days after his death, \"for valuable services rendered in connection with military operations in France and Flanders\".\n\nCAPT HUGH WILLIAM EAMES **BARWELL** (RFC). Military Cross, Croix de Guerre. Killed March 25, aged 25. Oundle XI, 1910 and 1911.\n\nThe medals were awarded for conspicuous gallantry and good service at Beaumont Hamel in November 1916. A brother, Humphrey Eames, was killed with the RFC in the month before him, aged 19.\n\nCAPT HENRY WASHINGTON **BATCHELOR** (RAMC), killed March 24, aged 30. Berkhamsted School XI, 1906 and 1907.\n\n**CAPT ARTHUR CYRIL **BATEMAN** MC (RAMC, attd Cameron Highlanders) was posted wounded and missing near Arras on March 28, aged 27. He was born at Bailieborough, Co Cavan, Ireland, on October 31, 1890, and educated at Portora Royal School and Dublin University; he was one of four members of the University XI of 1913 who were killed in action. He was also a key member of the University XV, and his parents commemorated him by presenting the Bateman Cup, which was competed for annually at Lansdowne Road between the winners of the four senior cups in each of the provinces; the trophy was not continued after WW2. A right-hand bat, he played two matches for Ireland, both against Scotland, in July 1913 and July 1914, with scores of 36, 52, 34 and 27. He was awarded the MC ( _LG_ , September 26, 1917).\n\nL\/CPL GEOFFREY HILTON **BEALE** (New Zealand Rifle Brigade), who died of wounds on October 15, 1918, aged 24, was in the Eleven whilst at Auckland Grammar School. { _W1920_ }\n\nAt the time he volunteered he was managing his father's farm at Waimauku. He left NZ as a sergeant in the 28th Reinforcements in July 1917, but before going to France he handed in his stripes, considering that promotion should be won on the field of battle. He was slightly wounded on March 25, 1918, during the first week of the German offensive, while acting as observer and sniper, and was continuously fighting with the Rifle Brigade from August 21 until he was mortally wounded on October 8.\n\nLT-COL GEORGE ERNEST **BEATY-POWNALL** (Border Regt, attd King's Own Scottish Borderers), DSO. Died of wounds October 10, aged 41. Mentioned in Despatches twice. St Paul's School XI, Sandhurst XI, 1896.\n\nA brother, Thomas Trelawny, fell on March 24, 1917, aged 35.\n\n2ND LT CALLUM CRAIG MUNRO **BELL** (RAF), killed August 16, aged 19. In the cricket and football teams at Birkenhead School.\n\nHe was the first in his squadron to obtain his \"wings\", and was under instruction for special duty as a flying scout. In July 1918 he was entrusted with the duty of flying new machines to France, and was employed on other special services. While flying on August 16, the left wing of his aeroplane, which carried the lateral controls, broke, and he crashed from 250 feet. He is buried at St Nicholas Church, Halewood, Lancs.\n\nLT JOHN DOBREE **BELL** (RFA), who died on October 30, 1918, aged 31, was in the Glenalmond Eleven in 1903 and two following years. { _W1920_ }\n\nMAJOR FRANCIS **BENNETT-GOLDNEY** (Assistant Military Attach\u00e9 at the Embassy at Paris). Born at Moseley, near Birmingham, died in American Hospital at Brest on July 27, aged 53, as result of a motor accident. Prominent in the Canterbury Week. MP [Independent Unionist] for Canterbury since December, 1910. Mayor of Canterbury 1906\u201311.\n\nHe was appointed Athlone Pursuivant of the Order of St Patrick in February 1907, and was a suspect in the theft of the insignia of the Order, known as the Irish crown jewels, in July 1907; he was found after his death to have purloined a number of valuable items belonging to the city of Canterbury. His father's surname was Evans.\n\nThe report of his death in _The Times_ of July 29, 1918, stated: \"In the early days of the war when the refugees and wounded were coming over in large numbers from across the Channel, Major Bennett-Goldney did good work at Folkestone in helping to receive and find accommodation for them, and his residence at Abbot's Barton, Canterbury [now an hotel] has been in use as a VAD hospital since the first few months of the war. He is the 17th member of the House of Commons to lose his life on service.\"\n\nCAPT JOHN MARTIN **BENSON** (Northumberland Fusiliers, attd Trench Mortar Battery), killed May 27, aged 26. Had been wounded. Fettes XI, 1910; Oxford Freshmen, 1911.\n\nCAPT MAURICE HENRY FITZHARDINGE **BERKELEY** (late Temporary Major ASC), died January 1, after a long illness contracted in France early in the war, aged 32. Played cricket for the ASC.\n\nHe is buried at Beckenham Cemetery.\n\nLT NORMAN **BIRTWISTLE** (Hussars). Military Cross. Killed October 8, aged 21. Cheltenham XI, 1914; was a useful bowler.\n\nHe was killed during a cavalry charge on a German battery.\n\nLT-COL BASIL FREDERIC **BISHOP** (South Lancs Regt). Military Cross. Killed September 18, aged 39. Repton XI, 1897.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES ALBERT **BOLTER** (Machine Gun Corps), killed April 12, aged 31. St Paul's School: captain of XI. Headed batting in 1905 with an average of 49.\n\nHe was a solicitor with the Great Western Railway Company.\n\nLT STUART **BOLTON** (King's Own Royal Lancaster Regt, attd TMB), killed March 17, aged 20. Cheltenham College XI. Had been wounded.\n\nMAJOR LAURENCE ELLIOT **BOOTH** (RFA). Military Cross and Bar. Killed in action April 13, aged 29. Wounded April 1917. Twice mentioned in Despatches. Educated at Winchester. In the cricket and association teams, RMA.\n\nMAJOR THE HON GEORGE EDWARD **BOSCAWEN** (RFA), died of wounds June 7, aged 29. Woolwich XI, 1907. RA XI and United Services. Twice mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe was awarded the DSO. A brother, Vere Douglas (qv), died on October 29, 1914, aged 24; their father was the 7th Viscount Falmouth.\n\nMAJOR FRANK HARVEY **BOWRING** (King's Liverpool Regt), killed August 28, aged 39. Shrewsbury School XI, Freshmen and Seniors at Camb. Had been wounded.\n\nContrary to the information in _Wisden_ , he was at Christ Church, Oxford, 1901\u201305, and played for Oxford Authentics, and Liverpool and District. At the outbreak of war he was a member of the Liverpool Stock Exchange; his family had formed the C. T. Bowring insurance and shipping company. A brother, William, played five fc matches for Barbados and died in 1945, aged 70.\n\nLT HAROLD CHARLTON **BOYCOTT** (Coldstream Guards), died of wounds March 21, aged 41. Played cricket for Northamptonshire. English hockey team for several years.\n\nHe played for Northamptonshire in the 1902 Minor Counties Championship.\n\nMAJOR FRANK VIVIAN **BRACHER** (Welsh Regt), killed June 1. Secretary Glamorgan Wanderers CC. Had been wounded.\n\nCAPT PHILIP PIPON **BRAITHWAITE** (Indian Army Reserve of Officers). Born July 1880; killed September 23. Captain of XI at Felsted. Had been wounded. Played for Cambridge at hockey and Association football.\n\nHe played football for Corinthians and Casuals, and was described in the 1903\u20134 _Football Who's Who_ as \"one of the finest half-backs in the kingdom\". Before the war, he worked for the Indian Education Service in Madras.\n\nMAJOR CUTHBERT EVERARD **BRISLEY** (RAF), killed July 30, aged 32, while flying in England. Lancing XI 1902\u201305; Gonville and Caius College. Association XI v Oxford 1908-09. AFA international, playing several times v France, Wales, and Belgium.\n\nHe also played soccer for Corinthians. He started service with the RNAS in 1914. On April 1, 1918, he transferred to the RAF when the RNAS and RFC merged, and he was posted to a training squadron based at Tern Hill, near Market Drayton, Shropshire, as their Commanding Officer. On July 30 he took off on a training flight in an Avro 504K D6361; he performed a loop at a height of 6,000 feet and fell from the aircraft. A mechanic who was a passenger, Pte Fred Lythgoe, was killed when the pilotless plane crashed. Brisley was buried at Market Drayton Cemetery with full military honours.\n\nREV MAJOR JAMES STANLEY BROMFIELD **BROUGH** (Chaplain to the Forces), died of pneumonia following influenza, November 11, aged 30. Was in the Fettes XI in 1897. Had been mentioned in Despatches.\n\nHe was a curate at Brighouse in Yorkshire until 1907 when he took up an appointment at Wells Theological College. His name is not on the CWGC roll.\n\nCAPT PETER HANDCOCK **BROUGHTON-ADDERLEY** (Scots Guards), died of wounds October 16, aged 27. Useful cricketer at Eton. Played for Exeter College (Ox), Ox Univ Authentics, Bullingdon CC, and MCC.\n\nCoincidentally, in view of the last but one obituary, his parents lived at Tunstall Hall, Market Drayton. After leaving Oxford he went out to Rhodesia to take up tobacco farming, but contracted blackwater fever and sunstroke, and had to return to England. In 1914 he went to Canada, and on the outbreak of war tried to enlist, but could not get passed for active service; instead, he joined the Royal North-West Mounted Police and served for two years. He then joined the RNAS at Toronto and went to France in February 1917, to complete his training, but after a bad crash he had to give up flying. He transferred to the Scots Guards and went to the front in December 1917. He died of wounds received in action near Beugny and was awarded the MC posthumously. The death notice in _The Times_ on October 23, 1918, stated: \"He looked on death as promotion.\"\n\nCAPT KENNETH EDWARD **BROWN** , MC and Bar (Oxon and Bucks Light Infantry), who died on April 13, aged 22, of septic poisoning in German hands after being wounded and taken prisoner, was in the Harrow XI in 1913... { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was awarded the MC in September 1916 for rescuing a wounded officer and some men, going over the parapet four times under very heavy fire; the Bar was added the following year for gallantry in leading an attack. On March 21, 1918, he led a Company on a counter-attack north of St Quentin, was shot through the left lung and lost consciousness; when he came to he found himself a prisoner, and he died in a German hospital. He was one of four brothers who died within a year of each other: Eric Francis died on April 1, 1917, from wounds received in action in Mesopotamia, aged 27; Douglas Crow (qv) died of wounds on September 13, 1917, aged 25; and Gerald Dick was killed in action in France on April 14, 1918, the day after Kenneth, aged 31. Their parents were James and Primrose Brown, of Eastrop Grange, Highworth, Wiltshire, who died broken-hearted shortly after the end of the war; there is a memorial window to their \"beloved sons\" in St Michael's Church, Highworth.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM SANDILANDS **BROWN** (North Staffs Regt, attd KOSB), killed October 14, aged 26. Glasgow University XI three years, and Grange CC.\n\nMAJOR ROBERT GEOFFREY **BROWNE** (Manchester Regt), DSO. Died of influenza November 1, aged 37. Radley XI.\n\nCAPT GEORGE JAMES **BRUCE** (Royal Irish Rifles, subsequently on the General Staff), DSO, Military Cross and Bar, killed in action October 2, aged 38. Winchester XI, 1898\u201399; New College, Oxford.\n\n2ND LT NORGRAVE INGRAM **BRYCE-SMITH** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), killed April 25, aged 19. Captain of XI at Cheltenham.\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY SEBASTIAN **BUCK** (RAF), MC, DFC, killed September 3, aged 21. Winchester XI, 1914, when he scored 67 and 83 against Eton. Mentioned in Despatches.\n\nLT PHILIP EDWARD **BUCKINGHAM** (RAF). Military Cross. Killed November 8, aged 22. In the XI at Churcher's College, Petersfield.\n\nThe citation for his MC states: \"By his gallant example he kept up the morale of his men, and showed great energy and resource in keeping his guns in action in spite of a heavy barrage and many difficulties connected with the guns themselves.\"\n\nLT-COL PHILIP PRIDEAUX **BUDGE** (RFA), DSO, died of wounds September 11, aged 36. Weymouth College XI, 1898 and 1899.\n\nFLT-LT CHARLES ELBRIDGE **BURDEN** (RNAS), born at Toronto, September 24, 1894; killed whilst flying in England, January 22. Was a member of the Upper Canada College XI in 1912.\n\nPTE JOHN FRANCIS **BURROWS** (1st Canadian Machine-Gun Battery) was born in Hamilton (Bermuda) on November 21, 1898, and killed on August 10, 1918. He was a member of the Upper Canada College Eleven of 1916. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT COLIN MACKENZIE **CAMERON** (Seaforth Highlanders), killed April 11, aged 23. Sedbergh XI, 1912.\n\nHe was wounded in May 1915, and given home service duties as adjutant until he was passed fit by a medical board and sent to the front on April 2, 1918; he was killed in action nine days later near Le Touret during the German offensive on the River Lys. There is a memorial window at St Margaret's Church, King's Lynn, Norfolk.\n\nMAJOR AUBONE CHARLES **CAMPBELL** (King's Own Scottish Borderers, attd Royal Scots), DSO. Died of wounds April 3, aged 30. Regimental cricket.\n\nBRIG-GEN CHARLES LIONEL KIRWAN **CAMPBELL** (Lancers). Wounded twice. Mentioned in Despatches. Died in hospital in London, March 31, aged 44. A useful cricketer at Cheltenham.\n\nHe served on the North-West Frontier and in the South African War. In October 1915, he was promoted GOC of 5th Cavalry Brigade. He was awarded CB and CMG, and is buried in Edinburgh Dean Cemetery.\n\n2ND LT HON ERIC OCTAVIUS **CAMPBELL** (Seaforth Highlanders), DSO, Bar to DSO. Mentioned in Despatches three times. Wounded. Born 1885; died of illness contracted on active service, June 4, aged 32. An Old Etonian, he played cricket for the Seaforth's XI and Shorncliffe Garrison.\n\nIn May 1918, a breakdown in health after nearly four years' active service compelled him to go to hospital, but he returned to duty immediately as he was only bruised by a shell fragment. He was MiD for the third time in _LG_ of May 24, and a bar to his DSO was gazetted on June 3; he died of a cerebral haemorrhage the following day in a London hospital. The sixth son of the 3rd Earl of Cawdor, he is buried at St Elidyr's Church, Stackpole Elidor, Pembrokeshire.\n\nLT ISLAY MACKINNON **CAMPBELL** (Yeomanry attd Royal Sussex Regt), died of wounds April 4, aged 22. Mill Hill School XI.\n\nLT DESMOND BERTRAM **CANCELLOR** (Hants Regt), killed November 1, aged 20. Radley XI.\n\nHe was awarded the MC.\n\nCAPT VICTOR FRANCIS **CARR** (RGA). Had been wounded. Born 1887, at Santa Marta, Colombia; killed May 21. Durham School XI, 1903, 1904, and 1905.\n\nLT GEORGE MUSGROVE **CARTMEL** (RAF). Had been wounded. Killed April 6, aged 19. Rossall XI.\n\nHe was wounded on March 16, and had only just returned to duty when he was killed.\n\nLT ARTHUR DOUGLAS **CAVE** (Durham Light Infantry attd RAF), died of pneumonia following influenza, November 10. Brighton College XI about 1912\u201313.\n\nHe died at Chatham Military Hospital and is buried at Brighton City Cemetery.\n\nLT THOMAS ROY **CHANT** (London Regt), died of pneumonia, November 7, aged 26. In XI at University College School, and in 1907 headed the batting averages.\n\nHe is buried at Watford Cemetery.\n\nCAPT RODEN LATHAM **CHATTERTON** (Leinster Regt, attd RFC), died March 29, aged 22, of injuries received in a flying accident. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1911 and 1912.\n\nHe is buried at Faversham Borough Cemetery.\n\nLT RONALD HENRY VENN **CHESTER** (RAF), accidentally killed July 13, aged 20. Merchant Taylors' XI: captain in 1915 and 1916. Was a very successful bowler for the school.\n\nHe went on to Brasenose College, Oxford. A flying instructor, he died at Wittering, Lincs, and is buried at St Mary's Church, Harrow.\n\nCAPT EDWIN CHARLES KAYE **CLARKE** (London Regt). Military Cross. Killed August 31, aged 27. Westminster School. Headed batting in 1909 and the bowling in 1910. Played at Lord's in 1910.\n\nMAJOR GROSVENOR TALBOT **CLIFF** (Dragoon Guards). Croix de Chevalier Legion of Honour. Died in France on February 10, aged 37, of injuries accidentally received. Lincolnshire XI and Regimental cricket.\n\nLT NORMAN HARRY **COGHILL** (Scots Guards, attd Machine Gun Corps), died of wounds March 28, aged 20. Cheltenham XI, 1915.\n\n*2ND LT LEONARD GEORGE **COLBECK** (RFA). Military Cross. Died at sea, January 3, aged 34. Marlborough XI, King's Coll (Camb) XI, Cambridge Univ XI, Middlesex, MCC. Played hockey for Cambridge.\n\nColbeck had a fine record as a batsman at Marlborough, but his name will live in cricket history by reason of the extraordinary innings he played in the University Match of 1905. Going in for the second time against a balance of 101 runs Cambridge lost six wickets for 77, and looked to be a hopelessly beaten side. At this point Colbeck, in with the score at 11, was joined by McDonnell, and in the course of 85 minutes the two batsmen put on 143 runs together, completely pulling the match round. McDonnell kept up his wicket while Colbeck hit on the off side with amazing brilliancy. The partnership recalled the memorable stand made for Cambridge in the 1870 match by Yardley and J. W. Dale. Colbeck took all sorts of risks, cutting balls off the middle stump to the boundary, but his eye served him so well that he was very rarely at fault. He hit 13 fours in his 107 and was batting for two hours and a quarter. Like Yardley in 1870 he had his reward, Cambridge in the end winning the match by 40 runs. Colbeck had splendid figures for Cambridge in 1908, scoring 552 runs with an average of 42, but when tried in half-a-dozen matches for Middlesex in 1906 he did very little. He played one innings of 46 and another of 30 but on all other occasions he failed dismally. In 1906, however, he again did very well for Cambridge, scoring 63 and 44 against Oxford at Lord's, and heading the University batting with an average of 39. Against W. G. Grace's XI at Cambridge he played an innings of 175 not out. \u2013 S. H. P.\n\nHe died on HMS _Ormonde_ off the Cape of Good Hope.\n\nLT GEORGE BERTRAM **COOTE** (Royal West Kent Regt, attd MGC), killed May 27, aged 22. Radley XI, 1913\u201314.\n\n2ND LT LUIGI GAUSCHE **COSTA** (RFC), killed in aeroplane accident in Norfolk, March 19, aged 19. Captain of XI at Dulwich.\n\nHis coffin was draped with the British and Italian flags for the funeral at Golders Green Crematorium in London, which was attended by representatives of the Italian Embassy.\n\nCAPT SYDNEY BELL NICOLL **COUPAR** (7th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) died in France of enteric fever on December 30, 1918, aged 21. He played for Fettes in 1915. { _W1920_ }\n\nMiD. A set of candelabra is dedicated to his memory in St Michael's Kirk, Linlithgow, where his father was minister.\n\n2ND LT PAUL CAMPBELL **COUTTS** (MGC), killed August 23. Played for Clydesdale Club.\n\nLT WILLIAM ALLEN **CRAGG** (RNVR), killed October 21. Cheshire.\n\nHe served on HMS _Victory_ , and is buried at St Thomas's Church, Norbury, Cheshire. His brother, James Stanley, played one match for Lancashire in 1908 and was president of Lancashire CCC in 1966; he died in 1979, aged 92.\n\nCAPT ALEXANDER MURRAY **CRAIGMILE** (Rifle Brigade). Military Cross. Had been wounded. Killed March 29, aged 23. Sedbergh School XI.\n\nHe was killed in action on Good Friday while organising troops during the German offensive in Picardy.\n\n*PTE ERNEST ELGOOD **CRAWSHAW** (Canterbury Regt, NZEF), who was killed on October 9, 1918, aged 29, was in the Eleven at the High School, Christchurch, and subsequently appeared for Canterbury in representative matches. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT WILLIAM ARTHUR **CREBBIN** (Rifle Brigade). Military Cross. Had been wounded. Killed April 4, aged 23. St Paul's School XI, 1911\u201312\u201313...\n\nLT-COL WILLIAM ANDERSON WATSON **CRELLIN** (Sherwood Foresters), DSO and Bar to DSO. Died of wounds, October 8, aged 25. Regimental cricket.\n\nSGT GEORGE HENRY **CRESWELL** (Ox and Bucks Light Infantry), killed May 29, aged 20. Borlase School XI three years.\n\nTwice wounded, he went back to France on March 21 and died two months later when a shell landed in his trench. His father, also George, played for Everton FC.\n\nCAPT JOSIAH FENWICK SIBREE **CROGGON** (Sherwood Foresters), died in France of influenza, November 18, aged 37. Mill Hill School XI.\n\nHe went on to St John's College, Cambridge, and became a chartered accountant.\n\nCAPT RICHARD DOUGLAS **CROSSMAN** (Royal Scots). Military Cross. Had been wounded. Killed September 27, aged 22. Eton XI, 1914...\n\nPTE ROBERT **DANIEL** (47 Bn Canadian Infantry), born in Yorkshire on March 6, 1888, was killed on September 2, 1918. He was a very good bowler and played for the Galt and Guelph clubs. { _W1920_ }\n\nPTE ALEXANDER NICHOLAS **DANIELS** (2 Bn Canadian Infantry) was born on November 26, 1894, and died of pneumonia in Liverpool Hospital on August 20, 1918. Useful all round, he played with the Congregational CC, of Victoria (BC). { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT ALISTAIR INGRAM **DAVIS** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), killed April 11, aged 19. Fettes XI, 1915 and 1916.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES MONTAGUE **DAVISON** (Northumberland Fusiliers), died of wounds April 10, aged 19. In the XI at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle-on-Tyne.\n\nLT THOMAS SYDNEY OUGH **DEALY** (Australian Flying Corps), born at Hong Kong, 1896; killed March 7, aged 21. Stonyhurst XI for two years.\n\nAt the beginning of March 1918, Sydney visited Stonyhurst College in Lancashire to meet his brother Frank who was on leave from France, but he was recalled to Ayr, where he was undergoing further training after suffering three serious flying accidents. On March 6 he wrote to Frank from the RFC mess in Ayr: \"It was a pity that we could not see more of each other at Stonyhurst. I was wanted back here because of the probability of being required overseas... I was up this morning... we do nothing but stunts. I was looping, spinning, rolling, doing every stunt which I know well. I hope you had a real good time in London before going back to France... Love from your affectionate brother, Syd.\" The next day his plane went into a spin and nosedived into the ground, killing him instantly. Sydney's funeral was held with all military ceremony at Stonyhurst and his grave lies by the chapel. Frank's name was soon added to the gravestone, although he lies on the Somme where he was killed on August 26, aged 23. This verse was carried in the _Stonyhurst Magazine_ of June 1918:\n\nSilently, slowly the soldier comes\n\nTo the trembling beat of tireless drums.\n\nWhose hand we clasped but a week before\n\nHe's back on the stones outside once more\n\nWhere his sorrowing comrades sadly mute\n\nHonour his bones with a last salute,\n\nAnd the foster portals are open'd wide\n\nTo welcome their hero-child inside.\n\nNo sound is uttered \u2013 not a word is said,\n\nFor the one that we lov'd has come back to us dead.\n\n2ND LT LEONARD LAWSON **DEAN** (Loyal North Lancs Regt), killed October 3, aged 20. Captain of XI at Keswick School.\n\nCAPT HUBERT THOMAS **DE LA MOTTE** (Punjabis). Military Cross. Died of double pneumonia following influenza, October 30, aged 23. Rossall XI about 1906.\n\nHis MC citation in the _LG_ of February 13, 1917, records: \"He carried out many dangerous reconnaissances under heavy fire. He set a fine example of courage and coolness throughout. He was severely wounded.\" He is buried at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey.\n\nLT-COL THOMAS VIVIAN BARTLEY **DENNISS** (Royal Berks Regt). Had been wounded twice. Born October 29, 1891: died of wounds August 28. Captain of XI at Elstree. Not in XI while at Harrow.\n\nMiD. He is buried at Hillingdon and Uxbridge Cemetery, Middlesex. His father became Sir Edmund Bartley-Denniss and was an MP who was a pioneer of the sport of cycling in Britain; two of his five sons had already been killed, one in the Boer War and another in the Royal Navy who died of injuries in 1913.\n\nCAPT AND ADJT CLIFFORD MOSTYN FRENCH **DEWDNEY** (Gloucs Regt), killed April 4. Bromsgrove Grammar School XI.\n\nMiD and awarded the Croix de Guerre.\n\nLT-COL ROBERT EDWARD **DEWING** (Royal Engineers attd Royal Berks Regt). DSO. Had been wounded twice and mentioned in Despatches. Born 1888; killed April 4. Haileybury XI; RMA XI (Woolwich); Royal Engineers XI. Useful bowler and hard hitter.\n\n*CAPT ARCHIBALD NEWCOMBE **DIFFORD** (South African Dept Units), killed September 20, aged 35. A very useful cricketer, who played for Western Province and, later, for the Transvaal. In 1906-07 he scored 103 for the former v Griqualand West; in 1908-09, he made 94 for Rest of South Africa v Wanderers CC, and in the same season 91 for Transvaal v Border.\n\nHis name is on the Memorial Wall erected by the Gauteng Cricket Board in 2000. His brother, Ivor Denis, also played for Transvaal; he died in 1949, aged 76.\n\n2ND LT STUART **DONALDSON** (Highland Light Infantry), killed September 28. Edinburgh Royal High School XI.\n\nPTE FREDERICK ALEXANDER **D'ORNELLAS** (Canadian Machine Gun Corps), born at Georgetown, British Guiana, on March 2, 1889, died of influenza following pneumonia at Bristol on October 18, 1918. He played for the Ottawa CC. { _W1920_ }\n\n*L\/CPL OSBORNE HENRY **DOUGLAS** (Australian Infantry), killed April 24, aged 38. A very good left-handed defensive bat. Played for Tasmania. He and J. H. Savigny made 202 for the first wicket against England (Warner's team) in January 1904.\n\nHis 59 against MCC was his highest score in seven fc games. He was a solicitor; the Law Society of Tasmania dedicated a plaque in his memory in Hobart on November 11, 2005. His father, Norfolk-born Adye, played one match for Tasmania in 1852.\n\nMAJOR HARRY JEX **DRESSER** (Cheshire Regt), born at Paddington on December 9, 1884, was killed in action on June 2, 1918. He was a member of the Toronto CC. { _W1920_ }\n\nLT PERCY SCOTT **DRIVER** (RFC and Army Service Corps), killed March 26. Suffolk.\n\nHe played in four matches for Suffolk in the Minor Counties Championship in 1913 and 1914.\n\n*LT-COL ARTHUR HOUSSEMAYNE **DU BOULAY** (Royal Engineers). DSO, mentioned in Despatches six times. AQMG (Assistant Quarter-Master General). Born June 18, 1880, died in hospital abroad after influenza, October 25. Cheltenham College; RMA (Woolwich); Kent XI; Gloucestershire XI; Army XI; R.E. XI.\n\nDu Boulay to a large extent learnt his cricket at Cheltenham, being in the Eleven in 1895, 1896, 1897. In his last year he was captain and finished up with an excellent record, scoring 309 runs with an average of 30 and heading the bowling with 33 wickets at a cost of something over 17 runs each. He played five matches for Kent in 1899 and got on remarkably well, making 250 runs in eight innings. In minor cricket Du Boulay was a great run-getter. In one week, playing for the Royal Engineers, he made scores of 204, 153 and 175, and in 1907 for the School of Military Engineering against the Royal Navy and Royal Marines at Chatham he played an innings of 402 not out.\n\nA brother, Hubert Lionel Houssemayne (qv), was killed on September 3, 1916, aged 19; both are commemorated on their father's gravestone at St Peter's Church, Leckhampton, near Cheltenham.\n\nLT DAVID CYRIL **DUNCAN** (London Regt), killed September 21, aged 27. Aberdeen Grammar School XI; secretary of the XI, 1909.\n\nCAPT HENRY LANCASTER NEVILL **DUNDAS** (Scots Guards). Military Cross and Bar to MC. Had been wounded. Killed September 27, aged 21. Played occasionally in the Eton XI in 1915.\n\nHis father published a memoir of his only son in 1921. In the preface to _Henry Dundas, Scots Guards: A Memoir_ , Horatio Brown wrote: \"While the nation, throughout the length of the land, in its capitals, county towns and villages, is raising monuments to the dead, whereon shall be perpetuated, in stone or bronze, the material record of their names and deeds, another, and perhaps a more spiritual memorial, is slowly taking shape, tablet by tablet, through the loving labour of pious hands, in these intimate and individual records of so many young men, some of them mere boys, who have laid down their lives in the War. It is well that the name of every soldier who died for his country should be publicly preserved for the fortification and gratitude of generations to come, but it is also well that we should, if possible, treasure some more inward memento of the misfortune we suffer in the loss of these young lives, cut off before their ripening years; should conserve some more spiritual record, not of their names only but of what they themselves essentially were, some vision of their promise for the future... for the very spirit of the dead lives and breathes in these pages, and no one, in the years to come, will justly measure the grievousness of war, the sacrifice of the nation, who has not adequately realised the quality of our fallen youth.\"\n\nHenry's mother received a letter dated October 29, 1918, from J. M. Barrie, who wrote from Adelphi Terrace House, Strand, London: \"I thought so much of your boy that though you don't know me you will perhaps allow me to say how deeply I sympathise with you. He was a great friend at Eton of my boy, Peter L. Davies, and sometimes came here. The last time I saw him was at Eton in July, and I assure you that I thought him a brave sight. There was an air of the gallant knight about him always that drew one to him, it so well became him. He seemed to me, knowing some little of what lay beneath that, to be marked out for notable things. We must accept that the best of all is to stand the test of manhood.\" For more information about \"my boy, Peter L. Davies\" see the obituary of George Llewelyn Davies, who was killed on March 15, 1915, aged 21.\n\nMAJOR HAROLD **DUNKERLEY** (RAMC), killed on March 23, aged 28. Wounded in 1916. Downing College, Camb, where he gained college colours for cricket, rugby football and lawn tennis.\n\nLT JOHN RONALDSON **EAGLETON** (RFA), died of wounds September 3, aged 22. Eastbourne College XI.\n\nMiD.\n\nLT CHARLES WILFRED **EALES** (Devon Regt), killed September 27, aged 25. Weymouth College XI.\n\nCAPT JOHN MAXWELL **EDGAR** (South Staffs Regt), killed March 22, aged 30. High School, Stirling, XI; Stirling County XI. Played rugby football for Edinburgh Univ and Somerset. Had been wounded.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM **EDWARDS** (ASC attd Shrops Light Infantry), died of wounds March 28. Captain of the XI at Bishop's Stortford School (about 1907).\n\n2ND LT CYRIL HOWARD **EILOART** (Irish Guards, attd Guards' Machine Gun Regt), killed September 26, aged 33. Uppingham. Played for the Hampstead CC, and was a member of the Incogniti team which visited America.\n\nHe had five brothers. Frank Oswald was killed on May 3, 1917, aged 25; Horace Anson, awarded the DSO, MC and Bar, died in Newhaven, Sussex, in 1920, aged 31.\n\nCMDER BERNARD HENRY **ELLIS** , DSM, DSO (RNVR, RND), died in hospital abroad, on April 21, of wounds received in action on March 25. Born 1885. University College School XI, 1902.\n\nA brother, Edward Vezian, who won the MC and also served in the Royal Naval Division, was killed on February 7, 1917, aged 32.\n\nCPL CARLETON BRIAN **ELLIS** (165th Infantry, USA), born in New York City, January 9, 1897; killed July 31. He was associated with the Beaconhurst CC.\n\nThe Honor Roll of the American Battle Monuments Commission lists him as being remembered on the Tablets of the Missing at Aisne-Marne American Cemetery at Belleau, France.\n\nCAPT RAE ADAM **ELLIS** (Yeomanry, attd Royal Welsh Fusiliers), died of wounds September 22, aged 36. Wellington XI.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM WALLIS **EVERETT** (Norfolk Regt), killed October 8, aged 27. Hertford Grammar School XI, and Downing College (Camb) XI.\n\nCAPT ARNOLD **FAIRBAIRNS** (Duke of Wellington's Regt), killed in action October 14, aged 37. University College School XI, 1901; Lincoln Coll, Oxford.\n\nHe was killed during the \"Advance to Victory\"; MiD.\n\nMAJOR HENRY WYNDHAM FRANCIS BLACKBURNE **FARRER** (RFA). Military Cross with two Bars. Killed in action October 30, aged 24. Three times mentioned in Despatches. In 1917 received the Belgian Croix de Guerre; and held the 1914 Star. Wounded on six occasions, four times seriously. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1912; Dorset County XI. While still at school he was asked to play in the Midland Counties Rugby XV v the NZ All Blacks.\n\nThe citation for the second Bar to his MC, gazetted on January 9, 1918, reads: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty when a cottage full of ammunition had been set on fire by enemy shells close to the battery. He took a party and saved some 400 rounds by pulling away the boxes. Some of the shells, however, exploded, killing one man and wounding four, causing his party to retire. This officer, hearing cries from a man who had been left behind wounded, gallantly ran back into the middle of the burning cottage, pulled him to the door and, with the help of two others, got him away in spite of the exploding shells. He was much bruised by falling masonry, and his hands were scorched and his hearing damaged. His example of self-sacrifice and devotion was beyond all praise.\"\n\nHe first went to France in October 1914; four years later, he was killed during fighting at Mazinghein less than two weeks from the end of the war. A gunner from his battery said: \"He was the bravest soldier who ever set foot in France. He was loved and adored by all his men of the 30th Battery, and I feel I endorse the sentiments of all my comrades when I say that by his death we lost the best comrade we had in the Great War.\"\n\nHis father, Canon Henry Farrer, who was rector of Bridport, Dorset, from 1895 to 1916, never lost an opportunity to urge upon all Bridport men of military age to fight for \"England, Home, and Beauty\". He wrote: \"It is no time to think that young men may remain sitting upon their office stools in the banks or in the counting-houses and say they are not wanted yet. They are wanted. They are wanted now. Every young man must decide, either to his shame to stay at home, or he must answer his country's call now, at once, and say, 'Here am I; use me for my country's good.'\" There is a stone tablet in Major Farrer's memory in St Mary's Church, Bridport, which concludes: \"Sans peur et sans reproche\" (without fear and blameless).\n\nCAPT ROBERT LEIGHTON MOORE **FERRIE** (RFC). Military Cross. Born October 7, 1898; killed January 3. Highfield School (Hamilton, Ont), captain of XI in 1915. Son of R. B. Ferrie of the Canadian team in England in 1887.\n\nThe _Highfield Review_ of 1919 contained this obituary of Ferrie, who was one of six brothers who had attended the school at the same time: \"Glorious boy, beloved of all, boy with the brave heart and the great soul, you have left us, and have not left your peer. Left us in the zenith of your vigour, your usefulness and your triumphs. Who that knew Leighton Ferrie will not drop a tear that the world has lost such a bright gem? So full of promise, so strong in character, so pure and lofty in soul, so formed for great and heroic deeds; so lovable and so admirable, so young and so beautiful. Is the world to be bereft of its best? Ought our hearts to break, or ought they to rejoice? If we were more than human, we might see in this decree of Providence the winning of a glorious crown; but being creatures of imperfect vision, we mingle more suffering than pride in our present feelings. We think too much of our own loss and too little of the hero's triumph.\"\n\nThe citation for his MC, gazetted posthumously in July 1918, reads: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He led his flight with great skill and determination in very bad weather, and dropped bombs on an enemy aerodrome from a height of 400ft, destroying one shed and badly damaging another. On two later occasions he bombed villages and attacked enemy infantry with his machine gun from a low altitude. He has brought down two enemy machines and assisted in destroying others. He has shown great courage and resource at all times.\"\n\n2ND LT GEORGE EDWARD **FFRENCH** (RAF), killed on May 23, aged 18. Trent College XI.\n\n**SGT CHARLES BARNETT **FLEMING** (12 Bn, Tank Corps) died of wounds at Grevillers, France, on September 22, aged 31. He was born at Derby on February 28, 1887. A right-hand bat, he played a single fc match for Derbyshire against Essex at Derby in August 1907. He is listed on CWGC with only his first initial.\n\n2ND LT JACK HASLIP **FLETCHER** (Scots Guards), killed October 20, aged 20. Was the Haileybury wicketkeeper in 1915 and 1916, and in the following season captained the Sandhurst XI.\n\nA brother, William Guy, died on October 14, 1916.\n\nPROBATIONARY FLIGHT OFFICER WILLIAM ERIC **FLOYD** (RN). Killed January 21, aged 18. Captain of XI at Birkenhead School.\n\nHe was training as a pilot in the RNAS and was well on his way to passing out from Chingford when he was killed in an accident. He is buried in Birkenhead (Flaybrick Hill) Cemetery, Cheshire.\n\n**MAJOR HAROLD THOMAS **FORSTER** (Royal Berks Regt) died near Ventaly on May 29, aged 39, having won more gallantry awards than any other man who played first-class cricket: he was awarded the DSO and Bar, the MC and Bar, and was five times MiD. He was born at Winchester on November 14, 1878, and enlisted in the Royal Marines in 1897, but bought himself out two years later and re-enlisted in the ranks of the Royal Berkshire Regt; by the outbreak of the war he was a company sergeant-major and he went immediately to France. He was awarded the MC when still CSM: \"For gallantry and devotion to duty. A very gallant warrant officer, he has maintained the same standard in the performance of his duties.\"\n\nHe was appointed to a commission in the regiment as 2nd Lt on June 25, 1915, and promoted to Lt after six months. He was Adjutant to the regiment from October 1916 to April 1918 and was awarded the DSO as an acting captain for gallantry east of Ypres on July 31 and to August 1, 1917: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He took over command of his battalion when his colonel had become a casualty, and led them with great skill to their objective, twice changing direction in order to avoid hostile barrage. He then made a personal reconnaissance and ascertained the position of the enemy, after which he formed a defensive flank, and was able to re-establish his line when it had been driven back by determined hostile counter-attacks. He remained perfectly cheerful throughout, showing a fine example of fearlessness and contempt for danger.\"\n\nFor work only two weeks later, he was awarded a Bar to the MC for gallantry east of Ypres between August 15 and 17, 1917: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during an attack. He performed invaluable work as Adjutant throughout the day, rallying and controlling the men and showing great grasp of the situation. He set a fine example of courage and resource to all.\"\n\nIn April 1918 he was appointed acting major and second in command of 2 Bn, the Northants Regt. He was reported wounded and missing on May 29, 1918, during action at Bouleuse Ridge on the Aisne. He was posthumously awarded a Bar to the DSO: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He assumed command of his battalion when his colonel was killed, and by his coolness and skill extricated it from a critical situation and formed a defensive flank of the utmost importance. For three days and nights, by his pluck and energy, he set an example to his men of inestimable value under adverse conditions of continuous and heavy shell fire.\"\n\nDuring his time in the ranks, he suddenly burst on the scene at Lord's in May 1911 when, playing for Hampshire, he bowled unchanged with Jack Newman and took five for 38 with his left-arm slow-medium as MCC were dismissed for 110 in answer to Hampshire's 181. Hampshire batted a second time and were all out for 111 (Forster at No. 10 scored six and two), leaving MCC to get 183. Forster bowled both the openers, Johnny Douglas and Reggie Spooner, and later claimed the scalps of George Cox and Gerry Weigall, but MCC scraped home with nine wickets down, Forster ending with four for 54 and match figures on his debut of nine for 92. His next game was against Derbyshire at Southampton, when he took a single wicket: it was to be his last success, although he played three more matches in August. Remarkably, the report in _Wisden_ of the Lord's match fails to mention Forster's performance; it notes that the pitch \"always helped the bowlers\" but gave the \"real honours of the game\" to Walter Mead, who took 12 wickets for 71. In all the scorecards, Forster is given his then NCO rank of Colour Sergeant.\n\nHis widow, Ethel, whom he had married in Dublin in 1905 and was mother to their two sons, did not give up hope of him being alive and taken prisoner. In March 1919 the Army Council informed her: \"Madam... there is unfortunately no ground for believing that an officer could be a prisoner of war for so long a time without news of him being received. They regret, therefore, that it will be necessary for them to consider whether they must not now conclude that this officer is dead. Before this action is taken, however, I am to ask if you will be good enough to confirm the fact that no further news of him has reached you. I am to add that the official action taken as a result of the decision would consist in the winding up of the officer's accounts, and the removal of his name from the Army List.\"\n\nEthel replied that she had received no further news of her husband and that her various inquiries had been without success: \"I am very much surprised that the War Office Authorities cannot obtain some information as to what happened to him, as it is known that his wounds were dressed and he was placed in a British ambulance quite conscious.\" She added: \"His account may be wound up and his name removed from the Army List, but I shall still hope for his return.\" She quickly received a brief reply thanking her for her letter to the effect that she had received no further information concerning her husband: \"The Army Council are in consequence regretfully constrained to conclude that this officer died on or since May 29, 1918, and I am to express their deep sympathy with you in your bereavement.\"\n\n_The much-decorated Harold Forster: his widow would not accept that he had been killed_\n\nForster's will had a gross value of \u00a3707 2s 0d. He bequeathed his watch and chain to his son Willie \"when he is of age\", and his medals to \"dear little Vic\". He added: \"Claim my war medals, kiddie, and then my sons will have something to remind them of their father's glorious death in fighting so that they may live in dear old England as free men.\"\n\nLT LESLIE WILLOUGHBY **FRANKLIN** (RFA), born at Kobe, in Japan; died of wounds October 16, aged 20. Dulwich College.\n\nLT ARTHUR BYFIELD **FROST** (Queen's Royal West Surrey Regt). Military Cross. Had been wounded. Killed March 23, aged 22. Whitgift Grammar School XI, 1913, 1914 and 1915.\n\nCAPT CHARLES AUGUSTUS **FRY** (Essex Regt attd Suffolk Regt), killed April 2, aged 58. Was a member of the Staten Island CC.\n\nA match between the men of Staten Island, captained by Fry, and the women, was reported in the _New York Times_ of September 20, 1895; this was a return match, the women having won the first game. The men, wielding baseball bats, won by eight wickets: Fry was determined to avenge the earlier defeat, \"so he coached his bowlers and instructed his fielders to make every exertion and strive hard to win\". Fry was killed at Calais by a bomb from a German plane.\n\nMAJOR HUGH BERNARD **GERMAN** (RAMC). Military Cross and Bar to MC. Mentioned in Despatches. Killed September 18, aged 38. Portsmouth Grammar School XI.\n\nHe qualified as a surgeon in 1904 and was awarded the insignia of the Crown of Italy for his work after the Messina earthquake and tsunami in December 1908. The citation for his MC in 1918 reads: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. When his dressing station was heavily shelled he organised the removal of 38 stretcher cases. He also rescued several wounded of another division under heavy shell fire. He established dressing stations without delay at various stages in an advance of four or five miles, and so enabled the wounded to be rapidly evacuated.\" The citation for the Bar to his MC states: \"While in charge of stretcher bearers he supervised the evacuation of the wounded from the front line to the advanced dressing station, often under heavy shell fire. He also continuously dressed wounded in a dressing station unprotected from shell fire.\" He died after establishing an advanced dressing station near Aisne on the night of September 17, which was heavily shelled the following day. A fellow officer wrote to his widow: \"Several men were hit, including the senior Roman Catholic chaplain of the division, and it was while going to the assistance of the latter that your husband met his death. I knew Major German for over two years, and he and myself were close friends. He was held in the deepest esteem and respect by all ranks and was fearless and untiring in his efforts for the wounded.\"\n\nCAPT THOMAS PILLING **GIBBONS** (Herts Regt). Military Cross. Killed March 22, aged 23. Radley College. Head of the batting, 1912.\n\nCAPT KENNETH CARLYLE **GILL** (RAF). Had been wounded. Military Cross. Mentioned in Despatches. Died of wounds October 23, aged 28. St John's School, Leatherhead, XI.\n\nHe was awarded the MC for his actions in May 1915 at Ypres, when he went to bring in a fellow officer who had been mortally wounded within 20 yards of the German trenches; he himself was severely wounded and was in hospital for over ten months. In 1917, he became an instructor in the RAF; he died when his plane crashed in France. One of his six brothers \u2013 he also had six sisters \u2013 was the sculptor Eric Gill, who created the parish war memorial in the church of SS Peter and Paul in West Wittering, Sussex, where their father was the vicar from 1914\u201330; 20 names are recorded in black with the year of death in red. Kenneth is also commemorated in a stained-glass window. Before gaining a commission, he was studying to take holy orders and intended to become a missionary.\n\nMAJOR WALTER HUGH **GODSAL** (Durham Light Infantry), killed on March 26, aged 34. Regimental cricket. Military Cross.\n\nHe was also awarded the DSO. A brother, Alfred Edmund, was killed on May 10, 1918, aged 33.\n\n2ND LT ERIC ALEXANDER **GORDON** (Highland Light Infantry), killed March 21, aged 19. Hillhead High School, Glasgow. An excellent cricketer and lawn tennis player, and fine football player.\n\nMAJOR REGINALD GLEGG **GORDON** (RGA), DSO. Killed March 26, aged 39. Edinburgh Academicals.\n\nBefore the war he was resident physician at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. He was accidentally killed on the road to Marieux during the retreat from Cambrai; one source indicates that he went to sleep in the saddle and fell to the ground where he was crushed by a passing howitzer. One of his four children was Barbara Gordon, born in 1913, who attained the rank of brigadier and was Matron-in-Chief and Director of Army Nursing Services from 1968 to 1973.\n\nMAJOR ROLAND ELPHINSTONE **GORDON** (RFA). Military Cross and Bar. Mentioned in Despatches. Died of wounds August 30, aged 25. King's School, Canterbury XI.\n\nHe played rugby for Blackheath and three matches for Scotland in 1913, before he sailed to India with the Royal Artillery. He was wounded several times, and in May 1918 was offered a posting in England but refused it, preferring to return to the front.\n\n*MAJOR ERIC ANTONY ROLLO **GORE-BROWNE** (Dorset Regt, attd King's African Rifles). Croix de Guerre. Had been wounded. Killed July 3, aged 28. Oundle XI, 1907, 1908.\n\nHe played for the Europeans against Parsees at Pune in August 1912. He was killed at Namacurra, Portuguese East Africa. A brother, Harold Rollo, who was secretary to the Admiral in HMS _Invincible_ , was killed at Jutland on May 31, 1916.\n\nL\/CPL JOHN FOULDS **GORNALL** (Artists' Rifles), killed March 31, aged 19. Liverpool Institute XI.\n\nLT NOEL CHRISTOPHER **GORNELL** (RE), killed March 21, aged 20. Lancaster Royal Grammar School XI, 1915\u201317.\n\n*CAPT WILLIAM St CLAIR **GRANT** (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders), Military Cross, Croix de Guerre Belge. Had been wounded. Killed September 26, aged 24. Clifton Coll XI, 1911 and 1912; Gloucester (City) XI.\n\nHe played four matches for Gloucestershire in 1914, scoring 55 in seven innings.\n\nMAJOR JULIAN FREDERICK **GRAY** (RE). Mentioned in Despatches twice. Died of wounds July 10, aged 33. RMA XI, 1913; RE XI in India.\n\nHe was awarded the MC.\n\nCAPT MAURICE **GRAY** (MGC), was killed in action August 8, aged 28. Winchester XI, 1908; Trinity College, Cambridge.\n\nA brother, Edward Jasper, was killed on March 31, 1918, aged 20.\n\n*LT-COL HERBERT WALTER **GREEN** , DSO (1 Bn, The Buffs), died after an operation at Rouen on December 31, 1918, aged 40, of wounds received in action. He was in the Charterhouse Eleven in 1896, and played subsequently for Exeter College (Oxford), Band of Brothers and Oxford Authentics. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was given a university commission in the Buffs in 1900 and served in India, when he played a single match for Europeans against Parsees at Poona in September 1903. At the time of the outbreak of WW1 he was serving in Nigeria with the West African Forces; in 1916 he went to France and Flanders, where he briefly commanded a battalion of the Essex Regiment and then the Buffs at the Somme. He was appointed Acting Brigadier-General in command of the 10th Infantry Brigade, and was awarded the DSO ( _LG_ , Jan 18, 1917) for gallant and distinguished service in the field. He returned to England in April 1918, and was supervisor of volunteer training for the East Coast, but he went back to France in October 1918, commanding 1 Bn of the Queen's, and was wounded in action at Landrecies on November 7; he died at No 8 General Hospital at Rouen. He is buried at St Sever Cemetery Extension, Rouen, and is remembered on the war memorial at Worth near Sandwich, Kent.\n\nMAJOR (ACTING LT-COL) LEONARD MONTAGUE **GREENWOOD** (Durham Light Infantry), was killed on October 17, aged 25. Military Cross. Reserve man for the British Guiana XI v MCC. Recommended for a Bar to the MC, and was mentioned in Despatches. Was not in the XI while at Dulwich.\n\nHe was awarded the DSO ( _LG_ , Jan 5, 1917), the MC ( _LG_ , June 6, 1917) and Bar to the MC posthumously ( _LG_ , March 8, 1919). He was gassed at Le Cateau on October 10 and died a week later.\n\nMR REGINALD PHILIP **GREGORY** , Fellow and Tutor of St John's College, Cambridge, died November 24, aged 39. Played for Cambridgeshire. During the War he was 2nd Lieut in the Gloucestershire Regt, but, being badly gassed, was discharged in September.\n\nHe gained a second obituary in _Wisden 1920_ , which gives the additional information that he played for St John's College and was also in the university hockey eleven in 1901 and 1902. He was the University Lecturer in Botany. As he had left the Army, having been gassed in France in August 1917, his name does not appear on the CWGC database.\n\n*MAJOR WILLIAM ROBERT **GREGORY** (RFC). Military Cross. Killed January 23, aged 36. An Old Harrovian, who played for Phoenix Park and Co Galway.\n\nIn his single fc match for Ireland, in Dublin in 1912, he took eight for 80 in Scotland's second innings. He won a classical scholarship to New College, Oxford, and afterwards studied painting in Paris, later exhibiting paintings of the Irish landscape and designing stage sets. As a pilot, he was credited by some sources with 19 \"kills\", although the number was more likely to be in single figures, and there is an intriguing possibility that he may have forced down Manfred von Richthofen, the \"Red Baron\". He became CO of 66 Sqn, RFC, and was killed while flying in Italy. He was awarded the MC, reported in _The Times_ of July 19, 1917: \"On many occasions he has, at various altitudes, attacked and destroyed or driven down hostile machines, and has invariably displayed the highest courage and skill\"; he also won the Legion of Honour for \"many acts of conspicuous bravery\". He was the subject of four postwar poems by W. B. Yeats, who was a friend of his mother; one is titled An Irish Airman Foresees his Death and begins: \"I know that I shall meet my fate\/Somewhere among the clouds above.\" Keith Walmsley wrote in _Brief Candles_ (2012): \"If ever a man's life contained enough material for a full-length biography, it was surely Robert Gregory's.\" CWGC records him with the single initial \"R\".\n\n*LT WALTER **GREIVE** (Highland Light Infantry). Previously reported missing, was officially reported killed on February 27. Was a well-known Scottish cricketer, and played for Scotland v Australia.\n\nHis two matches for Scotland were v Australia in Edinburgh in July 1912 and v Ireland in Dublin in July 1914. His brothers John and William also played for Scotland; William (qv) was killed on July 17, 1916. _Wisden_ wrongly gave their surnames as Grieve.\n\n*LT ELLIS LOUIS GEORGE NEVILLE **GRELL** (West Yorks Regt, transferred to Indian Army), was born in Trinidad on December 24, 1892, and died of illness in India on June 5, 1918. He was in the Clifton XI in 1908, and played for Trinidad v Barbados in 1910 and the Staten Island CC. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe also played for MCC v Trinidad at Port-of-Spain in March 1911. Cricket Archive and Cricinfo websites give his place of death as Trinidad, but CWGC, which lists him without his first forename, states he is buried in Landour General Cemetery and is commemorated on the Madras War Memorial, Chennai. Landour is a hill station in northern India originally built by the British Indian Army, which had a military hospital specialising in tropical diseases.\n\n2ND LT SIDNEY CECIL LANSDOWNE **GUILDING** (RFA), died of influenza in Italy on November 4, aged 19. Epsom College XI in 1916 and 1917. In the latter year he headed the bowling averages.\n\nMAJOR FRANCIS WILLIAM LINDLEY **GULL** (Rifle Brigade). Had been wounded. Killed August 25, aged 28. Army cricket in India.\n\nHe went to Eton and Christ Church, Oxford.\n\n*CAPT JOHN HUGH **GUNNER** (Yeomanry, attd Hants Regt), died of wounds August 9, aged 34. Marlborough Coll XI, 1901 and 1902 \u2013 captain in 1902; Trinity Coll (Ox) XI; Ox Univ Authentics; MCC, Hampshire.\n\nHe played six matches for Hampshire 1906\u201307, scoring only 65 in nine innings. Two brothers were killed: Edward Geoffrey on November 26, 1914, aged 20, and Benjamin George on October 7, 1915, aged 23.\n\nCAPT PEYTON SHELDON **HADLEY** (Northants Regt). Military Cross. Wounded twice. Died of pneumonia at Eastbourne, October 25, aged 23. In the XI at Charterhouse.\n\nHe won a place at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where his father was Master, but instead took a commission shortly after the outbreak of war. In the autumn of 1918, he was seriously wounded and invalided home to the Central Military Hospital in Eastbourne, where he died of influenza. He is buried in St Mary's Church, Heacham, Norfolk, and his parents were buried next to him. His younger brother, Patrick, lost a leg in the closing weeks of the war, but survived and went to Pembroke College where he studied music; he went on to the Royal College of Music, where as a composer he was influenced by Ralph Vaughan Williams and as a conductor by Adrian Boult and Malcolm Sargent. He retired to Heacham in 1962 and died in 1973, aged 74.\n\nLT-COL ALAN RODERICK **HAIG-BROWN** (Middlesex Regt). DSO. Killed March 25, aged 40. Played for Old Carthusians, and Pembroke Coll (Camb). An Association football Blue for Cambridge.\n\nHe went to Charterhouse, where his father was headmaster. After Cambridge, in 1899 he became a master at Lancing College, and played as an amateur for Tottenham Hotspur FC, Clapton (later Leyton) Orient, and Brighton and Hove Albion. He was CO of Lancing's Officer Training Corps from 1906\u201315, when it was thought to be the only public school in the country where every boy was a member of the OTC on a voluntary basis. He was a prolific writer, and published _Sporting Sonnets_ (1903), _My Game Book_ (1913) and _The OTC and the Great War_ (1915), as well as contributing over 1,000 press articles. After the outbreak of war he was initially involved in training, but went to France in May 1916 and in September was appointed CO of 23 Bn. His award of the DSO was gazetted in June 1917; he was mentioned in Despatches twice, and wounded twice. In January 1918 he was joined in the battalion by another former Tottenham footballer, 2nd Lt Walter Tull, who was the first black officer in the British Army and who had been one of the first black footballers to play in the football league. In France on March 25, four days into the German spring offensive, the battalion came under heavy artillery fire, and in an infantry attack both Haig-Brown and Tull were killed. Tull was the inspiration for Michael Morpurgo's 2012 book, _A Medal for Leroy_.\n\nLT RICHARD MARTIN **HAMMOND** (RFA attd Trench Mortar Battery). Died of wounds in Germany, May 20, aged 20. Tonbridge School XI.\n\n*CAPT REGINALD HARRY MYBURGH **HANDS** (South African Artillery), born 1888; died of wounds on April 20. Played for Diocesan Coll, Rondesbosch; Univ Coll (Ox) and Western Province. Rugby Blue for Oxford.\n\nThe oldest of three sporting brothers who all played for Western Province, Reginald's first international honours were in March 1910 when he won two England rugby caps. He played for South Africa in the Fifth Test against England at Port Elizabeth in February 1914, scoring nought and seven. In the same team was Philip, who played seven Tests in all and toured England in 1924; he served on the Western Front and won the DSO and MC. Kenneth, who served in the Royal Engineers, also played for South Africa, but his appearance was in an unofficial Test against Lionel Tennyson's English team in January 1925.\n\nTheir father, Sir Harry Hands, who was Mayor of Cape Town, soon after Reginald's death initiated a two-minute silent pause on the firing of the noonday gun on Signal Hill, the first minute in remembrance of those who died and the second in gratitude for the survivors. Sir Percy FitzPatrick, a prominent South African writer and politician who also lost a son, was moved by the two-minute pause and it was as a result of his suggestion, which was discussed at a meeting of the War Cabinet on November 5, 1919, that King George V issued a proclamation: \"Tuesday next, November 11, is the first anniversary of the Armistice, which stayed the worldwide carnage of the four preceding years and marked the victory of Right and Freedom. I believe that my people in every part of the Empire fervently wish to perpetuate the memory of the Great Deliverance, and of those who have laid down their lives to achieve it. To afford an opportunity for the universal expression of this feeling, it is my desire and hope that at the hour when the Armistice came into force, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, there may be for the brief space of two minutes a complete suspension of our normal activities. All locomotion should cease, so that in perfect stillness, the thoughts of everyone may be concentrated on reverent remembrance of the glorious dead. No elaborate organisation appears to be required. At a given signal, which can easily be arranged to suit the circumstances of the locality, I believe that we shall gladly interrupt our business and pleasure, whatever it may be and unite in this simple service of Silence and Remembrance.\"\n\nLT KENNETH JOYCE NELSON **HANSELL** (Leinster Regt, attd Machine Gun Corps), killed March 21, aged 21. Charterhouse XI, 1915.\n\n2ND LT SYDNEY JASPER **HARGREAVES** (Grenadier Guards), died of wounds May 19, aged 19. In House XI at Eton.\n\nLT JOHN ADSHEAD **HARRISON** (Machine Gun Corps), killed April 12, aged 28. Cheshire County and captain of the Macclesfield CC.\n\nMAJOR FRANK NORTHEY **HARSTON** (East Lancs Regt). Military Cross. Brigade-Major, killed in action April 22, aged 27. Eastbourne College XI, 1909; Corpus Christi Coll, Cambridge.\n\n*LT ALFRED **HARTLEY** (RGA), born 1879; killed on October 9. Lancashire XI. Alfred Hartley could not be classed among the greatest of Lancashire batsmen, but during his few seasons for the county he was invaluable to the XI, his strong defence making him a worthy successor to Albert Ward. He was given three trials for Lancashire in 1907, having shown fine form that summer for the Second Eleven. He justified the committee's action in selecting him, scoring 126 runs in six innings. Having found a place in first-class cricket he improved from year to year, scoring 1,053 runs for Lancashire in 1908, and 1,129 runs with an average of 36 in 1909. Then in 1910 he left all his previous form far behind. Scoring 234 against Somerset at Manchester, 126 not out against Somerset at Bath, and 168 against Leicestershire at Leicester, he had a record for his county of 1,511 runs with an average of 38. On the strength of his fine cricket he was deservedly chosen for Gentlemen against Players, both at Lord's and The Oval. The Gentlemen failed dismally at Lord's, going all to pieces on a difficult wicket, but Hartley himself played very well \u2013 24 and 35. In his second innings he received two dead shooters in succession from George Thompson. He stopped the first one but the second bowled him. In 1911 Hartley fell off a great deal in his batting, and in the following year he practically retired from first-class matches. \u2013 S. H. P.\n\nHe was a Cricketer of the Year in _Wisden 1911_ , in which he gained faint praise: \"Hartley is not a batsman to draw the crowd, his methods being the reverse of striking to the eye. His style is good and his bat straight, but he does nothing to astonish those who are looking on... He is understood to be ambitious of further distinction in the cricket field, but whether he will ever rise to Test matches remains to be seen.\" It stated erroneously that he was born in the West Indies. In fact, he was born in New Orleans, USA: his father George, who played three matches for Lancashire, was a merchant who spent time abroad; another son, Charles Robert, who was also born in New Orleans, played 106 times for Lancashire (1897\u20131909) and died in 1927, aged 54.\n\n*CAPT CHARLES ERIC **HATFEILD** (Eton, Oxford University and Kent), born March 11, 1887, was killed on September 21. Though his plucky hitting won the University Match for Oxford in 1908, Hatfeild did not as a man fulfil on the cricket field the hopes formed of him while he was at Eton. When in 1903 he played his first match against Harrow at Lord's he gave promise of developing into a first-rate slow bowler. Bowling left-handed he had a nice easy action and, for a boy, a remarkable command over his length. No doubt the slope of Lord's ground helped him to make the ball go with his arm, but be that as it may, he took 12 Harrow wickets at a cost of 91 runs, and had a big share in gaining for Eton a single-innings victory \u2013 their first win since 1893. On that early form however, Hatfeild never improved. While he remained at Eton he steadily went off in bowling, and it was his batting rather than his bowling that gained him his Blue at Oxford in 1908. He played for Kent whenever he was wanted, but though always an enthusiastic cricketer he was not good enough to secure a regular place in the county team. \u2013 S. H. P.\n\nHe was awarded the MC posthumously for his actions three days before he was killed. The citation states: \"For conspicuous gallantry in leading his company during the advance at Templeux-le-Gu\u00e9rard towards the Hindenburg Line on September 18, 1918. In spite of the fire of hostile machine guns which repeatedly held up the advance, he got his men forward, exposing himself fearlessly. It was largely due to this officer's splendid example that the advance during the day was carried out so rapidly.\" The Hatfeild family played an influential part in the development of Margate, Kent, where Charles was born. His mother Maud was widowed in 1910, but in 1915 she rented the family house to Bonar Law, later to be prime minister, for a two-month holiday: among his guests were Lloyd George and Winston Churchill. After the war, Maud employed her dead son's batman as her chauffeur; in 1926 she became the first lady Mayor of Margate.\n\nLT GEORGE **HAWKSLEY** (Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers), killed March 22, aged 27. Captain of XI at Gresham's School, Holt. Played hockey for Norfolk.\n\n*MAJOR LUDOVIC **HEATHCOAT-AMORY** (Devon Yeomanry), died of wounds on August 25, aged 37. Captain of the Knightshayes CC, of Devon.\n\nNot Heathcote-Amery as in _Wisden_. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he played six matches for the University in 1902-03; he also played three matches for Devon 1902\u201310. He had three sons who all became officers and died young: Patrick Gerald, born in 1912, a captain in the Royal Artillery, was killed in action at El Alamein on May 27, 1942; Michael Ludovic, born in 1914, a second lieutenant in the 16th\/5th Lancers, was killed in an aeroplane accident in 1936; and Edgar Fitzgerald, born in 1917, a major in the Royal Artillery, was killed in action at Normandy on June 23, 1944.\n\nLT GEOFFREY **HEIGHINGTON** , MC (4th Regt Canadian Mounted Rifles), born at Toronto on January 8, 1896, died of influenza on November 2, 1918. He was in the Eleven at Ridley College (Ontario) and a member of the Toronto CC. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was awarded the MC in March 1918 for his bravery as leader of a raiding party near Hill 70 which captured a machine gun; during the withdrawal he held the communications trench, enabling all the wounded to be evacuated.\n\nCAPT KENNETH STANLEY **HEMINGWAY** (Worcs Regt), killed March 21, aged 21. Hereford Cathedral School XI.\n\nHe is commemorated on the memorial at Callow Hill to the men of the parish of Rock, Worcestershire, \"who at the call of duty, left all that was dear to them, endured hardships, faced dangers, and finally laid down lives in defence of their country\", and on the memorial at St Anne's Church, Bewdley.\n\n2ND LT CYRIL HARCOURT **HEMUS** (RFA). Military Cross. Died of wounds March 27, aged 20. Royal Grammar School, Worcester, where he was captain of the games, \"being a first-rate cricketer\". Brasenose, Oxford.\n\nThe citation for his MC, gazetted posthumously on June 22, 1918, states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. When the battery was in action and was being subjected to a most intense gas-shell bombardment, his courage and coolness were most marked, and by constant supervision he ensured that all gas masks were kept adjusted, with the result that no casualties were caused owing to gas.\"\n\nLT ARTHUR **HEPTON** (Yorks Regt), reported wounded and missing on March 25, is known now to have died on April 13, aged 21. Wounded in 1916. Pocklington XI (captain).\n\nHe had been captured by the Germans and died three weeks later of his wounds.\n\nCAPT ERNEST BRIAN **HENDERSON** (RAF), born at Toronto in January, 1889, died of wounds on November 3, 1918. He was a member of the Trinity College School Eleven, Port Hope, in 1906. He had been mentioned in Despatches. { _W1920_ }\n\nLT GEORGE **HEPBURN** (RE), killed March 22, aged 30. Westminster School XI.\n\nLT RICHARD TROLLOPE NORTH **HICKLEY** (Herts Regt). Wounded. Died of wounds March 24, aged 20. Winchester XI.\n\nCAPT BRIAN EDWARD **HILL** (Tank Corps), died of wounds October 2, aged 22. Lichfield Grammar School.\n\nPTE MARSHALL ALFRED **HILL** (Royal Dublin Fusiliers), died of wounds on May 31, aged 30. A well-known Irish cricketer.\n\nLT-COL HENRY DENNE **HIRST** (The Buffs), died at Dover, May 18. A keen cricketer and supporter of Kent county cricket.\n\nHis obituary appears under \"Other deaths in 1918\", but his name is on the CWGC roll with the date of death given as May 16, which is confirmed elsewhere, and his age 53. He commanded 3 Bn, The Buffs (East Kent Regt), from July 1, 1912, until his death. Educated at Haileybury, he had served in the South African War where he was MiD. He is buried at St Peter's Churchyard, Bridge, near Canterbury.\n\nLT VICTOR WILLIAM JOHN **HOBBS** (The Buffs), killed August 9, aged 31. St John's Coll (Camb) \u2013 Capt of the XI.\n\nHe was a master at Highgate School in London.\n\n2ND LT BENNET EDMUND **HOCKYNS-ABRAHALL** [see HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL]\n\nMAJOR THE REV CHARLES WILLIAM **HODDER** (Army Chaplains' Dept). MBO. Died in London, October 21. A member of the Somerset County CC committee.\n\nHe is buried at Richmond Cemetery, Surrey.\n\n*CAPT HAROLD AUGUSTUS **HODGES** (Monmouth Regt, attd South Lancs Regt). Mentioned in Despatches twice. Wounded twice. Killed March 22, aged 32. Sedbergh School XI. Notts County XI. Trinity Coll (Ox) XI. Captain of the Ox Univ XV.\n\nHe won two rugby caps for England in 1906. He played three matches for Nottinghamshire in 1911 and 1912, with a highest score of 62; all three games were in August, when he was on holiday from his duties as a master at Tonbridge School. He was severely wounded by shell fire at Ypres in May 1915, but returned to the front in July, still with pieces of shell in his body. Many stories are told of his courage and consideration for others: on one occasion in July 1916 on his way back with a working party in the early dawn he found a wounded man of another regiment lying out in no-man's land and carried him on his back for more than a mile over shell holes and trenches to the dressing station. On the night he died, he had been sent out with his company to make contact with a battalion who had reported their position as running up to a small factory building. It appears that he left his men in a railway cutting, and went on to the building with a subaltern, expecting to find British troops in possession. He suddenly realised that they were not British and used his revolver until he himself was shot, and his colleague also badly wounded, but succeeded in making his escape in the darkness and returning to the cutting before he lost consciousness. He had five brothers, all of whom also served in France.\n\nCAPT REGINALD DRURY **HODGSON** (RFA), killed March 21, aged 38. Radley XI, University Coll (Ox) XI and Incogniti. Represented Oxford in featherweight boxing in 1900, and at ice hockey.\n\nHe was a barrister who went to Vancouver in 1911, and became a member of the British Columbian Bar; he volunteered for service at the outbreak of war as a member of the Canadian Forces.\n\nLT RICHARD EVELEIGH **HODGSON** (King's Liverpool Regt, attd RAF), killed September 16, aged 24. Sherborne XI.\n\nHe was head of the school and captain of cricket at Sherborne in 1912\u201313, and went up to New College, Oxford, but obtained a commission on the outbreak of war; he served in the trenches but eventually joined the RAF. He was killed by gunfire from the ground on his first action over enemy trenches, but fell behind his own lines and was buried by his own squadron. He had been engaged to be married on his next leave. His younger brother, Francis Herbert, was a captain in the RAF and was flying over the German lines at the moment of the armistice; he was killed in a flying accident in France eight days later.\n\n2ND LT SYDNEY **HODSON** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed March 21, aged 27. Merchant Taylors' XI in 1907.\n\nLT-COL PHILIP VAUGHAN **HOLBERTON** (Manchester Regt, attd Lancs Fusiliers), killed March 26, aged 38. Shrewsbury XI; Sandhurst 2nd XI. Received Serbian Order of the White Eagle, 4th Class.\n\nMiD five times. At Sandhurst, he won the Sword of Honour \u2013 the last to be presented by Queen Victoria. His brothers Robert Francis and Thomas Edmund also served: both were awarded the MC, Thomas with Bar.\n\n2ND LT ALEXIS COWPER **HONEY** (Worcs Regt), died of wounds February 10, aged 19. Malvern College.\n\nHe died in hospital in France from wounds received at Cambrai on November 30, 1917.\n\nLT-COL CECIL GEOFFREY **HORNBY** , MC (East Lancs Regt), who died in West Africa of blackwater fever on December 30, 1918, aged 35, was in the Sandhurst Eleven of 1902. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe died two days after he was appointed OBE for operations in East Africa, having twice been MiD for work there; his MC was awarded in October 1914 for operations in Togoland, West Africa.\n\n2ND LT JOHN AUSTEN **HORNE** (Dragoon Guards), died of influenza whilst on active service on November 2, aged 25. Captain of XI at Ashford Grammar School (Kent). Played for Mote CC; and in Regimental cricket.\n\nHe died at Delhi Military Hospital, Tidworth, and is buried at Westwell burial ground, Ashford; he received a military funeral, and the Ashford Grammar School buglers sounded the Last Post. There is an alabaster tablet in his memory in St Mary's Church, Westwell.\n\nCAPT JOHN LESLIE **HORRIDGE** (RAF), killed while flying in England, November 21, aged 22. Uppingham XI.\n\nInstead of taking his place at Pembroke College, Cambridge, he applied for a commission in the RFC, meanwhile taking a private flying course. He was with 91 Sqn at Kenley ten days after the armistice when his Sopwith Dolphin suffered engine trouble and stalled.\n\n2ND LT BASIL ARTHUR **HORSFALL** (East Lancs Regt), VC. Killed March 27, aged 30. Borlase School, Marlow, XI: three years. Headed batting averages in 1905.\n\nHis family were tea merchants in Colombo, and he had returned to Ceylon after leaving Borlase, where he was Captain of the School. The youngest of four sons, he wanted to enlist in England on the outbreak of war, but he had to wait two years until he was granted permission to leave the Ceylon Engineers. In February 1917 he arrived in France, where he joined the company commanded by his oldest brother, Edward. Both were wounded in an attack in May to take a chemical works at Roeux, as Edward later explained: \"My company was the leading wave of the attack, Basil commanding the right platoon, which had a job on its own, namely the capture, mopping-up and consolidation of an enemy strongpoint situated in and around some chalk pits. I was hit after our first objective was taken and we were moving on to the second. Basil was hit at the same time and place practically, though I did not know it. He had his job to do, and he did it. Later on, discovering that both the other officer and myself had been hit, he took command of the company, established communication with the troops on his right, and generally took charge of the situation like an old soldier, though that was the very first time he had ever been up to the front line. It was not till nearly five hours later when the situation was well in hand that he yielded to the persuasion of a senior officer of another company, who found him in a fainting condition from loss of blood, and consented to go to the dressing station. His wound was not serious, and he was out of hospital early in July.\" He added: \"So he showed quite early the stuff he was made of.\"\n\nBasil was back in the thick of the action the following March near Ablainzeville. The citation for his posthumous VC in the _LG_ (May 22, 1918) records: \"For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty. 2nd Lt Horsfall was in command of the centre platoon during an attack on our positions. When the enemy first attacked, his three forward sections were driven back and he was wounded in the head. Nevertheless, he immediately organised the remainder of his men and made a counter-attack, which recovered his original positions. On hearing that out of the remaining three officers of his company two were killed and one wounded, he refused to go to the dressing room, although his wound was severe. Later his platoon had to be withdrawn to escape very heavy shell fire, but immediately the shelling lifted he made a second counter-attack and again recovered his positions. When the order to withdraw was given, he was the last to leave his position, and, although exhausted, said he could have held on if it had been necessary. His conduct was a splendid example to his men, and he showed throughout the utmost disregard of danger. This very gallant officer was killed when retiring to the positions in rear.\"\n\n_VC winner Basil Horsfall_\n\nKing George wrote to his father: \"It is a matter of sincere regret to me that the death of 2nd Lt Basil Arthur Horsfall... deprived me of the pride of personally conferring upon him the Victoria Cross, the greatest of all rewards for valour and for devotion to duty.\"\n\n2ND LT BENNET EDMUND **HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL** (RGA), died of wounds April 25, aged 19. Repton XI; was a useful bowler in 1916.\n\nNot Hockyns-Abrahall as in _Wisden_.\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY GOADSBY **HOUGH** (King's Royal Rifle Corps), killed September 8, aged 21. The Brooklands CC, of Cheshire.\n\nCAPT NOEL FORBES **HUMPHREYS** (Tank Corps), born 1890; died of wounds March 27. Durham School XI. Visited South Africa with the English Rugby XV.\n\nThe 1910 tour was the first official tour of the British Isles team to South Africa; he played for the British team but, Welsh-born, was never selected for Wales. He was awarded the MC and was MiD.\n\nCAPT RICHARD JOCELYN **HUNTER** (London Regt), died of wounds, August 25, aged 32. Winchester and Brasenose (College cricket eleven three years, Association XI two years).\n\nCAPT PERCIVAL **HURLBUTT** , MC (Montgomeryshire Yeomanry) died in a private nursing home at Chester of illness contracted on active service on June 8, aged 40. Played for Montgomeryshire. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe is buried at St Deiniol churchyard, Hawarden, Flintshire.\n\n2ND LT ALFRED **IRVING** (15th Sikhs), born in Demerara, in 1899; killed October 26. Captain of the Epsom College XI in 1916.\n\nAn elder brother, David Piercy, was killed on July 30, 1916.\n\nLT THOMAS WHITMORE CROMMELIN **IRWIN** (Sherwood Foresters). Twice wounded. Died of wounds October 31, aged 22. Radley XI.\n\nHe is buried at Brookwood Cemetery, Surrey.\n\nMAJOR JAMES CHARLES **JACK** (RFA). Had been wounded. Military Cross and Bar to MC, DSO. Died of wounds May 31, aged 41. Merchant Taylors' XI; Freshmen at Oxford, 1896; Lincoln College, Ox, XI.\n\nHe had spent 16 years engaged in settlement operations in Eastern Bengal, but was given special leave from the Indian Civilian Service in 1915 to sign up for military service. He was wounded three times before receiving fatal wounds in action near Amiens, from which he died three days later; news of his promotion to Lt-Col arrived at corps headquarters on the day he died. He received the MC ( _LG_ , Sept 26, 1916) for directing the cutting of wire from an exposed position when under heavy shell fire when he was at one time partly buried; a Bar to the MC ( _LG_ , May 13, 1918) for gallantry during the Battle of Arras in April 1917; and the DSO posthumously ( _LG_ , July 23, 1918) for \"his fine courage and initiative\" during the Retreat in March 1918.\n\nMAJOR ERNEST **JACKSON** (Royal Engineers). Military Cross. Died of wounds April 15, aged 27. Captain of XI at Doncaster Grammar School.\n\nHe was awarded the DSO, and a Bar to his MC. The DSO was gazetted on September 16, 1916, and stated: \"When the enemy broke into a village he organised and led a completely successful counter-attack. Although wounded he remained at his post, and when again the enemy broke into the village he continued to direct his company with he utmost courage under intense fire until severely wounded a second time. It was largely due to his courage, coolness and devotion to duty that this important point remained in our hands.\"\n\nLT-COL LEOLINE **JENKINS** , DSO, MC (RAF), who died of pneumonia after influenza in a military hospital on November 20, 1918, aged 27, had been in the Eleven at St Bees. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was awarded a bar to his MC, both won in 1916, the second citation stating: \"For conspicuous gallantry and skill. He has done much fine work for the artillery, often under very difficult circumstances. On one occasion he flew for a long time at a very low altitude under continual machine-gun fire.\" He is buried in Acton Cemetery, Middlesex.\n\n*CPL DAVID WILLIAM **JENNINGS** (Kent Fortress Engineers), was born on June 4, 1889, died in hospital at Tunbridge Wells on August 6, after an illness due to shell-shock and gas. As a cricketer Jennings was a trifle unfortunate. Had he belonged to a weaker county than Kent he would no doubt have taken a more prominent position. All the time he was playing, Kent was so rich in batsmen that he could not secure an assured place in the XI. Still, of the chances that came his way he made good use. He first played for Kent in 1909, and in 1911, when only tried in a few matches, he headed the averages. In 1912, playing six times, he came out second, scoring 100 against Hampshire at Southampton, and both in 1913 and 1914 he did very well without rising to quite the first-class. In 1914 he hit up an innings of 106 against Essex at Tunbridge Wells.\n\nThree brothers played in fc matches after the war: George Adolphous (Warwickshire), Leonard Frank (RAF) and Thomas Shepherd (Surrey).\n\nMAJOR JOHN HUGH **JERWOOD** (Durham Light Infantry, attd Somerset Light Infantry). Military Cross. Twice wounded. Killed March 21, aged 28. Captain of XI at Oakham School; Jesus Coll, Camb, XI.\n\nHis MC, gazetted two weeks before his death, states: \"He maintained his position, regardless of withdrawals on his right and left and of the fact that the enemy had penetrated the line on both his flanks. He displayed a coolness and fearlessness which inspired all ranks with confidence.\"\n\n2ND LT BRADLEY COOPER **JOHNS** (RGA), died at Broomfield, Chelmsford, of pneumonia, October 22, aged 38. St John's School, Leatherhead, XI, in 1899.\n\nCAPT ALEC **JOHNSON** (Cambs Regt), killed September 18, aged 22. Wellingborough Grammar School XI.\n\nHe was awarded the MC; the citation for his actions 12 days before he died records: \"His company came under heavy machine gun fire and was at the same time held up by thick wire. Some disorganisation occurred, but by his personal example he rallied his men and led them forward to the next position. Throughout the day he never tired in endeavouring to exploit his success and his reports to Battalion Headquarters were always accurate and timely.\" A memorial in St Andrew's Church, Chesterton, Cambridge, is dedicated to the \"joyous memory of Captain Alec Johnson... who fell leading his men into action at Epehy, France\". His cousin was the actress Celia Johnson, who played Laura Jesson in _Brief Encounter_ (1945).\n\n*CAPT DONALD CLARK **JOHNSTON** (Cameron Highlanders), died of wounds, September 13, aged 23. Malvern XI, 1913; Brasenose College, Oxford; Oxford Univ Trial match.\n\nHe played in two matches for Oxford University in 1914, against G. J. V. Weigall's XI and L. Robinson's XI. Capt W. Whigham Ferguson records how on July 30, 1918, when he resumed command of Y Company after an attack at Beugneux, he had found that all his officers had been lost; before a second attack could take place on August 1, reinforcements were desperately required. These arrived in the darkness just two hours before \"zero\", in the form of Capt Johnston and Lt Hardie. The latter had not been in action, and to both officers, Capt Ferguson set out the plan. \"I explained the position to them by the failing light of an orilux electric lamp, with the aid of a map and sketches. Four hours later, when the objective was reached, it was my sad experience to find that both these officers were casualties, Capt Johnston having paid the full sacrifice, and Lt Hardie being wounded.\" The advance had commenced at 4.15am and had taken place in dense fog, with shell-smoke and clouds of mustard gas. \"Confusion inevitable,\" noted Capt Ferguson, but despite a stiff fight by the enemy, Hill 158 was taken \"and we got a goodly bag of Boche, including machine-guns\". The confusion appears to have affected reports of Johnston's death, as in fact he died several weeks after the battle. He is commemorated on a memorial in St Swithin's Church, Ganarew, Herefordshire.\n\nMAJOR FRANK **JOHNSTON** (King's Shropshire Light Infantry). Died of wounds May 31, aged 32. Charterhouse XI; Freshmen and Seniors at Cambridge.\n\nMiD.\n\n2ND LT ARTHUR LESLIE GWYNNE **JONES** (RGA), accidentally killed at the front, May 4, aged 20. Malvern College XI.\n\n*CAPT HUGH **JONES** (Gloucs Regt) Military Cross. Died of pneumonia following influenza, November 10, aged 29. Gloucestershire XI.\n\nHis single match was against Worcestershire at Worcester in July 1914 when he scored 11 and nought. He was awarded the MC for actions in September 1916 on the Somme, and returned to the UK after being wounded in March 1918; he died at the Fort Pitt Military Hospital in Chatham on the eve of the armistice and is buried at St Mary's Church, Lydney, near Gloucester.\n\n2ND LT JOHN YUTS PALFREY **JONES** (Welsh Regt), killed August 30, aged 20. Blundell's School XI.\n\nBRIG-GEN LUMLEY OWEN WILLIAMES **JONES** (Essex Regt) DSO, Legion of Honour. Died of pneumonia on active service, September 14, aged 41. Winchester XI, 1894\u201395.\n\nHe took part in nearly every battle on the Western Front and was the last of 12 British General Officers to die on the Somme.\n\nMAJOR RICHARD WILLIAM FISHER **JONES** (Canadian Pioneers), born at Bowmanville (Ont), January 17, 1887; killed on April 15, 1917. He was in the Ridley College XI (Ont) in 1900.\n\nIn 1928, Capt James Henderson returned to the battlefields of Belgium and France to visit the men left behind; he had first arrived at the front at Vimy on March 20, 1917. His three best mates \u2013 Jones, Harry Stewart Boulter and Norman Eden Walker \u2013 were killed there within two weeks of each other (April 4\u201315) and are buried at Villers au Bois.\n\n2ND LT PETER CAMPBELL **KERR** (Lancs Fusiliers), killed in August. Wicketkeeper of the Barnsley CC.\n\nNot Keir as in _Wisden_. He was killed at the Somme on August 18.\n\nCAPT CLARENCE ERROL **KIDD** , MC (3 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Listowel (Ont) on April 12, 1887, died of wounds on December 22. He was a member of the Eleven at Trinity College School, Port Hope, in 1902 and two following years. { _W1920_ }\n\nPTE HERBERT **KINDER** (ASC, Motor Transport), died at Salonika, of appendicitis, on July 17, aged 41. Played for the Middleton CC, in the Central Lancashire League.\n\n2ND LT EDWARD WESTCOTT **KING** (RFA), born 1880; died of wounds October 20. Sherborne XI.\n\n2ND LT CHARLES SINGLETON **KNOTT** (Royal Fusiliers). Had been wounded. Born 1898; killed March 23. Perse Grammar School; capt of the XI in 1916.\n\nHe is commemorated on the war memorial in Great St Mary Church, Cambridge.\n\nMAJOR ARTHUR MAXWELL **LABOUCHERE** (Ox and Bucks Light Infantry). DSO. Died of wounds, a prisoner of war, April 30, aged 44. Wellington College XI.\n\nHe was reported missing on April 4 and died at Valenciennes.\n\nPTE EDWARD **LEAKE** (52 Bn Canadian Infantry) was born in Birmingham on July 5, 1897, and killed on August 8. He was a playing member of the Port Arthur CC, of Ontario. { _W1920_ }\n\n**2ND LT EDWIN JOHN **LEAT** (6 Bn, Dorset Regt) was killed in action near Beaumont Hammel on June 8, aged 33. He was born at Wellington, Somerset, on April 24, 1885. A middle-order bat, he played for Buckinghamshire (he lived at Slough) in the Minor Counties Championship between 1908 and 1911, and had two games for Somerset, both at Taunton, in August 1908 and August 1910.\n\nLT JAMES FRANCIS **LEE** (King's Own), killed September 11, aged 30. Balliol Coll, Ox, XI.\n\n*LT-COL LAWRENCE JULIUS **LE FLEMING** (East Surrey Regt), born at Tonbridge, June 3, 1879, was killed March 21, after having been wounded twice during the war. He was twice mentioned in Despatches. Le Fleming was in the Tonbridge XI in 1896, when he headed the batting with an average of 28. He played for Kent in one match in 1897, and seven matches in 1898, but did not meet with much success for the county.\n\nHe was hit by machine-gun fire when he went out to reconnoitre. The regimental history records: \"So died, in the fearless performance of his duty, a gallant and accomplished soldier. Lawrence Le Fleming was widely known as an athlete, particularly in the cricket field, and universally liked (indeed, a stronger word might be used) for his very attractive and modest character. He had done fine service in the war with Germany, having commanded three battalions of the East Surrey in times of heavy trial... Daybreak of March 22 was attended by a thick fog. It was decided to bring in Lieut-Colonel Le Fleming's body, and Pte Turner, a 'runner' of C Company, volunteered to take a party out for the purpose. The body was brought in and carried to the dressing station at Villecholles. Pte Turner, a brave young soldier, was subsequently killed.\" R. C. Sherriff was a fellow officer in the East Surreys and set his play _Journey's End_ (1928) in \"a dugout in the British trenches before St Quentin over the four days from March 18 to 21 although he himself was back in England at that time and modelled the raid on an earlier action in January 1917. Le Fleming's final first-class match was for the Army against Royal Navy at Lord's in 1912. His brother, John, also played for Kent; he died in 1942, aged 76.\n\nCAPT PERCY **LEVICK** (RAMC), accidentally killed in France, through his horse falling and throwing him under a motor lorry, March 15. Freshmen at Camb, 1893; Jesus Coll, Camb, XI. Useful bowler. Played hockey for Camb Univ.\n\nCAPT JOHN DUNNING GAUNT **LEWIS** (King's Shrops LI), killed September 24, aged 26. Shrewsbury XI, 1911. Severely wounded in the lungs in Mesopotamia during one of the attempts to relieve Kut.\n\nLT ARCHIBALD THURSTON THOMAS **LINDSAY** (RE), killed March 26, aged 20. Wellington College XI, 1914.\n\nSee his brother below, who was killed five days later.\n\nMAJOR CLAUD FREDERIC THOMAS **LINDSAY** (RFA), killed on March 31, aged 26. Wellington XI, 1909 and 1910. Elder brother of A. T. T., above.\n\nA third brother, George Walter Thomas (qv), was killed on June 26, 1917, aged 26.\n\nCAPT FERGUS GRAHAM **LING** (King Edward's Horse), died at Northampton on December 16, aged 35, of illness contracted on active service. He had been a member of the Bradfield Eleven, and in 1901 headed the averages with 52.00. { _W1920_ }\n\nBorn at Wetheral, Cumberland, and buried in the cemetery there. His father Christopher was a corn merchant who became mayor of Carlisle. A brother, Christopher George, played one match for the Europeans in India in 1905.\n\nCAPT THE HON RONALD IAN **MACDONALD** (Cameron Highlanders), died of pneumonia abroad while on active service, on October 17, aged 34. Legion of Honour. Radley XI, 1902.\n\nA brother, Godfrey Evan Hugh, died of wounds on November 2, 1914, aged 35.\n\nCAPT BOYCE MACKAY SCOBIE **MACKENZIE** (Royal West Surrey Regt), killed March 22, aged 29. Haileybury XI, 1908; Clare, Camb.\n\n2ND LT DAVID HAROLD **MACKLIN** (Beds Regt), killed March 27, aged 20. King's School, Rochester, XI.\n\nThe son of a clergyman, in 1905, aged eight, he gained a choral scholarship to Christ Church Cathedral School, Oxford, where he became head boy and soloist. He then attended King's School, Rochester, on a scholarship, and in June 1916 gained another scholarship to read Classics at St John's College, Cambridge. Before taking up his place he repeatedly tried to join the army, but was rejected seven times for short-sightedness. Eventually he was accepted, and he finally went to the Western Front on August 1917 as an intelligence officer. A family story tells that his mother was sitting on the veranda at her home in Bedfordshire on the morning of March 27, 1918, when she saw David walking up the drive. She leapt up in excitement, saying \"Oh David, how lovely \u2013 unexpected leave!\" She went through the house to the front door, but when she opened it, no one was there. She later received the telegram which said he had died at about that time. He was killed when the Bedfords were counter-attacking on the railway west of Albert. The CO, Lt-Col John Stanhope Collings-Wells, who was posthumously awarded the VC, went forward with Macklin and other officers until the battalion reached the objective, but then a shell burst while the colonel was having his wounds dressed in a shell hole; the Germans later advanced and the bodies of Collings-Wells, Macklin and others were not recovered. Part of the colonel's VC citation reads: \"Knowing that his men were extremely tired after six days' fighting, he placed himself in front and led the attack, and even when twice wounded refused to leave them but continued to lead and encourage his men until he was killed at the moment of gaining their objective.\" Ten days before he died, Macklin had written home: \"The CO is top-hole. One only has to work hard, show a bit of initiative and get results, to please him.\"\n\n_David Macklin: died alongside his \"top-hole\" CO_\n\nCAPT ALAN PRATT **MACLEAN** (Canadian Infantry, attd RFC), born in Toronto, December 18, 1895; killed March 18. Was a member of the Upper Canada College XI in 1912 and 1913.\n\nBRIG-GEN COLIN LAWRENCE **MACNAB** (Royal Sussex Regt: AA and Q-M) CMG. Died at Littlebury, Essex, October 13, aged 47, of illness contracted on active service. A good bat in regimental cricket.\n\nLT JOHN EVERARD CHURCHILL **MacVICAR** (RAF), killed July 22, aged 26. Aldenham School XI.\n\nCAPT CLIFFORD ANGUS **MALLAM** (Royal Berks Regt) Military Cross and Bar. Died of wounds October 29, aged 28. Epsom College XI, 1909; Keble College, Oxford.\n\nHis MC was gazetted on January 1, 1918, and the Bar posthumously on January 11, 1919, when the citation read: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during an advance. When the situation was obscure and a gap was reported to exist in our lines he went out under heavy shell fire to reconnoitre and brought back most valuable information which enabled the battalion to move forward and fill the gap.\"\n\nLT CHARLES JULIAN **MANN** (Hussars). Had been wounded. Killed October 3, aged 26. Malvern XI, 1910-11. Captain of XI at Pembroke Coll, Camb. Brother of Mr F. T. Mann.\n\nFrancis Thomas \"Frank\" Mann, who captained England in all five Tests in South Africa in 1922-23, died in 1964, aged 76, and his son Francis George also captained England, after WW2.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY VAUGHAN **MARRIOTT** (Sherwood Foresters), killed April 22, aged 19. University Coll School XI for three years. Wounded twice.\n\nCAPT JAMES ALFRED **MARSDEN** (Royal Engineers), killed April 21, aged 25. Royal High School, Edinburgh, XI: captain in 1910 and 1911.\n\n2ND LT HUBERT GRAHAM HAMILTON **MARSHALL** (Tank Corps), killed in action September 2, aged 23. Durham School XI, 1914.\n\n**PTE EDWARD WILLIAM **MARVIN** (South African Infantry) died at Marrieres Wood, France, on March 24, aged 39. He was born at Leicester on July 7, 1878. He played two matches for Transvaal in March 1909. He is buried at Peronne Road Cemetery, Maricourt.\n\nCAPT JOHN CLIFFORD **METCALFE** (RAMC), Military Cross, died on active service, March 20, aged 29. At Batley GS and Leeds University, a well-known football player and bowler in cricket.\n\nCAPT GEORGE GORDON **MILN** (Cheshire Regt), Military Cross. Killed April 22, aged 27. King's School, Chester, XI.\n\nMAJOR MAURICE JAMES **MISKIN** (Tank Corps). Military Cross. Killed October 17, aged 27. King's School, Rochester, XI; Freshmen at Oxford, 1911.\n\n_Wisden 1919_ wrongly listed him under 1917 deaths. The citation for his MC in _LG_ (July 18, 1918) states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in an attack. Though he had mechanical trouble with his three tanks he successfully overcame it, and was the first to arrive at the objective. He secured the crossings of a canal, and went forward to reconnoitre on foot. He gave valuable information to the infantry commander, and was instrumental in getting a battalion across the canal. He set a splendid example of courage and initiative.\"\n\nCAPT JACK BROUGHTON **MITCHELL** , MC and Bar (10 Bn Canadian Infantry), was born at Millwood, Canada, on August 4, 1896, and died of wounds on September 29. He was in the Eleven at Highfield School (Hamilton, Ont) in 1914. {W1920}\n\nThe _Highfield Review_ paid this tribute: 'Jack Mitchell enlisted on his 18th birthday on August 4th, 1914. Those who knew him expected him to be eager for the fray. Although he had to endure great hardships in the early stages of the war, he remained cheerful and confident, and his spirits retained their buoyancy. Remarkable at all times for his fearlessness and love of danger, he was ever in the forefront of his battalion's enterprises. He attracted the attention of his commanding officer who gave him a commission. Though a leader in all hazardous undertakings, he seemed immune, and went through four years of war unscathed. He won the Military Cross in June, 1918, and a bar soon afterwards. His energy, his natural aptitude for war, and his merry disposition combined to make him an officer of great value. He had all the qualities beloved of boys, among whom he was always a leader and a hero. His elders loved him for his sunny smiles, his charm of manner and exuberance of spirits. General A. C. Macdonnell writes: We should remember that Jack in his short life saw more, did more, and influenced more men than the great majority of men do in long lives. For so young a lad his influence was extraordinary and all on the right side. I like to think that he was called \"Sports Mitchell\" by the men because he was such an active participator and promoter of all manly games and sports. Everyone knew Jack and loved him. He will be sadly missed by the men of his company. He believed them to be the best company and they believed him to be the finest Company Commander in France.'\n\nLT-COL JAMES THOMSON RANKIN **MITCHELL** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders). DSO. Died of wounds on April 1, aged 30. BA, University College, Oxford. Edinburgh Academy cricket and football teams.\n\nLT CHARLES FRANCIS BLAYNEY **MOGGRIDGE** (Indian Army), killed in action April 10, aged 44. Blundell's School XI and Rugby XV.\n\n2ND LT ANDREW GRAHAM **MONTGOMERY** (Cameron Highlanders, attd Seaforths), killed September 6, aged 19. St Edmund's School, Canterbury, XI.\n\n_The memorials to Andrew Montgomery and his father at St Mary's Church in the \"thankful\" village of Shapwick. Andrew's has the inscription from Psalm 21: \"He asked life of Thee and Thou gavest him a long life even for ever and ever.\"_\n\nHe was killed leading a night patrol in an attack near Arras when they were 20 yards from their objective. He is remembered on a plaque in St Mary's Church, Shapwick, Somerset, below one to his father, who was vicar there and died in 1906, aged 38. Shapwick is one of the \"thankful villages\" where none of the 32 men who served were killed; it appears that the village, having been spared any fatalities, gave space in their parish church for a memorial to 2nd Lt Montgomery next to that of his father.\n\nLT MORGAN EDWARD JELLETT **MOORE** (Royal Irish Rifles). Military Cross. Died of wounds, a prisoner of war, March 24, aged 24. Was in the Glenalmond XI in 1912 and 1913. Had been wounded twice.\n\nLT ARCHIBALD JOHN **MORGAN** (Black Watch) died of wounds June 29, aged 21. Dollar Academy XI.\n\nHe was wounded on July 18, 1916, but died at home of septic endocarditis, having retired from service, and is not listed by CWGC. His name is on the war memorial which stands in front of the academy at Dollar, Clackmannan.\n\nLT JAMES BOUGH **MORRISON** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, attd Trench Mortar Battery), died of wounds October 13, aged 26. Had been wounded. Carlton CC, of Edinburgh.\n\n2ND LT ERIC JOHN **MORTIS** (Royal Guernsey Light Infantry), killed April 12, aged 19. Queen Elizabeth Coll, Guernsey, XI.\n\n**COL WILLIAM OLIVER MATLESS **MOSSE** (Indian Army Ret List and Royal Munster Fusiliers) was drowned when RMS _Leinster_ sank on October 10, aged 58. He was born in India on March 3, 1860, and began a long career of military service when he was commissioned into the West Cork Artillery in March 1879. In July 1904 he was promoted to Lt-Col in the Indian Army. He played a single match for Europeans against Hindus in the final of the Bombay Triangular Tournament at Bombay in September 1908. The _Leinster_ mailboat was sunk by a German U-boat just outside Dublin Bay with the loss of 501 lives; on board were 77 crew and 694 passengers, of whom 489 were military personnel, including many nurses.\n\nAmong the civilians who drowned was Charles Frederick Daft, aged 54, the nephew of Richard Daft, who had an obituary in _Wisden 1919_ among \"other deaths\": it said he was \"a well-known cricketer in the Nottingham district, especially with the Notts Commercial CC\" but was \"best known in connection with athletics\" as he had been \"a brilliant hurdler\". His son, also Charles Frederick, perished with him, aged 25; his obituary below that of his father said he was \"well-known as a useful player in Notts cricketing circles\".\n\nLT ALEXANDER BARCLAY **MOYES** (Cheshire Regt), killed March 27. Stirling High School: captain of XI.\n\nMAJOR GEOFFREY **NEAME** (RFA). Military Cross. Killed April 2, aged 34. Cheltenham XI.\n\nCAPT DONALD FRANCIS **NEILSON** (Lincoln Regt) Military Cross. Killed on April 15, aged 25. St Bees' School XI, 1909\u201311; captain of Keble College CC, 1914.\n\nHe was also awarded the DSO. His name is on the memorials at St Bees School and at his home village of Lyddington, Rutland.\n\nPTE EDGAR JOHN **NEWBERY** (Central Ontario Rifles), born at Arras, July 12, 1877; died after an operation on February 2. Played for the Columbia Oval CC and the Anglo-American CC.\n\nLT REGINALD HORACE ARTHUR **NEWSOME** (London Regt). Military Cross. Died of wounds August 30, aged 29. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1908; St John's Coll, Ox, XI.\n\nMiD twice.\n\nGNR RICHARD OWEN **NICHOLLS** (Capes Battery, Canadian Garrison Artillery), accidentally killed in France on August 15, aged 31, played for the Point St Charles CC (PQ). { _W1920_ }\n\nHis parents lived in Devizes, Wiltshire.\n\nLT HENRY LADDS **NICOL** (Lord Strathcona's Horse), born at Medicine Hat (Alberta), March 28, 1892; killed April 1. Was a member of St Andrew's College (Toronto) XI in 1911.\n\nMAJOR ARTHUR KERR **NOVERRE** (ASC). Mentioned in Despatches. Died at a military hospital abroad, April 18, aged 37. Regimental cricket.\n\nHe was with the Egyptian Expeditionary Force and died in Alexandria.\n\n**CPL ARTHUR EDWARD **OCHSE** (South African Infantry) died at Messines Ridge on April 11, aged 48. He was born at Graaff-Reinet, Cape Colony, on March 11, 1870, and served in the South African Campaign. He played in South Africa's first two Test matches, against England in March 1889; in the second innings of the second Test at Newlands he was one of the eight victims (for 11 runs) of Johnny Briggs, all bowled. He also played three matches for Transvaal between April 1891, when he hit 99 against Kimberley, and April 1895. He was killed during Germany's Spring Offensive.\n\n2ND LT PETER HENRY **OLDRIDGE** (RFC), killed January 26, aged 19. Liverpool Collegiate School XI.\n\nHe was killed in Huntingdonshire when his plane crashed after taking off from Hitchin; the squadron was flying out to France. He is buried at Huntingdon (Priory Road) Cemetery.\n\nMAJOR GUY LANCELOT **OLLIVIER** (RGA). Died of wounds January 20, aged 32. Sherborne XI. Played occasionally for RMA.\n\nHe went to France in September 1914 and was wounded three times; he died in a hospital in France. His father, Frank Morton, played a single fc match for Canterbury v Otago at Dunedin in February 1868; he was later a barrister living in Southampton, and died on May 19, 1918, at Sydney, New South Wales.\n\nLT GEORGE CROMPTON **OWEN** (South Lancs Regt), killed April 9, aged 25. Leigh CC.\n\nLT IVOR EVAN **OWEN** (Monmouth Regt), died of wounds April 13, aged 22. Mill Hill School XI, 1913\u201315; Emmanuel, Cambs.\n\nCAPT JOHN KENNETH SAMUEL **PAGE** (Royal Warwicks Regt, attd Lancs Fusiliers). Military Cross. Had been wounded. Died of wounds August 22, aged 22. An Old Reptonian; Wolverhampton CC.\n\nSee his brother, below.\n\n2ND LT RAYMOND CHARLES **PAGE** (South Staffs Regt), died of illness September 24, aged 41. Bradfield Coll: capt of XI; Staffordshire XI.\n\nHe played 30 matches for Staffordshire 1900\u201310. See his brother, above; both are commemorated on a marble memorial in St Bartholomew's Church, Penn, Wolverhampton, inscribed with the words: \"Our dead by whom we live.\" Raymond is buried at St Michael's Church, Tettenhall Regis, Wolverhampton, and John at Sucrerie Military Cemetery, Colincamps, Somme.\n\nCAPT SAMUEL JAMES **PAGET** (Norfolk Regt), eldest son of the Bishop of Stepney, killed on March 26, aged 22. Winchester XI, 1914... New College, Oxford.\n\nMiD; he was Brigade Major to 149 Infantry Brigade when he was killed at Framerville-sur-Somme.\n\nLT FREDERICK ANDREW KATCHEN **PARK** (Machine Gun Corps), killed October 3, aged 22. Manchester Grammar School XI.\n\n*GNR ERNEST FREDERICK **PARKER** (Australian Field Artillery), killed May 2, aged 34. Perth High School XI; St Peter's Coll, Adelaide, XI. For some years the \"star\" batsman of Western Australia. Scored 76 and 116 v South Australia at Fremantle in 1905-06; 26 and 69 v New South Wales at Perth in 1906-07; and one and 117 v Victoria at Perth in 1909-10. For Rest of Australia v Australian XI, at Melbourne, in 1908-09, he made 65 and eight. In club cricket he made many hundreds, and in 1902-03 made 1,003 runs in 14 complete innings for the East Perth CC, including 246, 199, 172, and 105. He also scored 204 not out for St Peter's Coll Old Boys v Prince Alfred College Old Boys in 1904-05; and 222 not out for Wanderers v North Perth in 1906-07. He was a great lawn tennis player, and gave up cricket on account of failing eyesight.\n\nHe played in 11 matches for Western Australia and two for The Rest, scoring two hundreds and five fifties. He is buried at Le Peuplier Military Cemetery, Caestre, France.\n\n2ND LT WALTER **PARR-DUDLEY** (Royal Fusiliers), killed April 5, aged 19. Cranbrook School XI.\n\nHis brother, John Huskisson (qv), died on July 1, 1916.\n\nCAPT HUGH ROGER **PARTRIDGE** (RAMC). Military Cross and Bar to MC. Killed July 24, aged 27. Leys School XI.\n\nThe citation for his MC states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty during operations. During several weeks he was in charge of a collecting post and repeatedly under heavy shell fire. He has shown the greatest coolness, and has worked incessantly evacuating the wounded. He has been hit more than once by debris, and has set a fine example to those around him.\"\n\n2ND LT ERNEST KENNETH MONCREIFF **PAUL** (RGA). Military Cross. Born at Gillingham, in Kent, July, 1897; died of wounds April 18. Marlborough Coll XI, 1914-15-16: captain of XI in 1916, when he had an average of 41.\n\nThe citation for his MC, gazetted posthumously in September 1918, states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in keeping his section in action under heavy shell fire. He set a splendid example to the men, and kept the guns in action at a critical time.\"\n\n2ND LT AMBROSE ETHELSTON **PEEL** (Beds Regt), killed April 27, aged 20. Bedford School XI.\n\nA brother, Geoffrey, was killed on July 17, 1917, aged 22.\n\n*MAJOR HENRY WILFRED **PERSSE** (Royal Fusiliers). Wounded twice. Military Cross. Died of wounds June 28, aged 32. Hampshire 1905\u20131909 (then going abroad). Was quite a useful bowler for the county.\n\nHe took 127 wickets in 51 matches for Hampshire. He received the MC in January 1916 and later a Bar. _The Times_ of June 19, 1917, carried \"Short Reports of Brave Deeds\", including the actions of Acting Captain Persse who, \"as second in command had to take over the front after midnight, a very difficult task under heavy shellfire and the line uncertain. After daylight he made a bold reconnaissance of the whole line. His fearless example and great skill were mainly instrumental in making good the defence of a critical part of the line.\" A brother, Edward Aubrey, was killed on October 14, 1918, aged 37.\n\nLT REX HARDY **PLATTS** (RGA), died of injuries accidentally received, May 31, aged 31. Oundle School XI (about 1904\u201305).\n\nCAPT ARTHUR GEORGE **POOLE** (Gloucester Regt), died of pneumonia following influenza November 23, aged 25. Had been wounded and mentioned in Despatches. Played in the Eleven at Bristol Grammar School.\n\nAlthough not discharged from the army, he was allowed to continue his law studies at Cambridge University and died at Emmanuel College; it is thought that a severe attack of trench fever early in the war, and serious wounds suffered in October 1917, had sapped his strength and powers of resistance. He is buried at St Andrew's Church, Clevedon, Bristol.\n\nBRIG-GEN ERNEST St GEORGE **PRATT** (Inspector of Infantry), CB, DSO. Died in London on November 24, aged 55. Played for Aldershot Command, Durham Light Infantry, and other Army sides.\n\nEducated at Rugby, he was commissioned from Sandhurst in 1884; he was awarded the DSO for his work in South Africa. In 1915, he was given command of the 76th Infantry Brigade on the Western Front, but was badly gassed in March 1916 and forced to retire. He died as a result of the gassing and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.\n\n2ND LT PHILIP SOUTHWELL **PREESTON** (RFA), killed on March 28, aged 34. Felsted XI, 1900. Wounded in September, 1917.\n\nHe was a solicitor and deputy coroner in Braintree, Essex. A brother, Ralph Septimus (the seventh child), died on March 29, 1916, aged 30; he played for four years in the Felsted XI and was captain in 1904.\n\n*MAJOR REGINALD GEORGE **PRIDMORE** (RFA, Howitzer). Military Cross. Killed March 13, aged 31. Hertfordshire XI; Warwickshire XI.\n\nHe played 14 matches for Warwickshire 1909\u201312 with a highest score of 49. He represented England at hockey 19 times and was England's leading scorer at the 1908 Olympics. He was awarded the MC for conspicuous gallantry during operations at the Somme as forward observing officer: \"He displayed great coolness under fire, notably on one occasion when his observation post was very heavily shelled, both he and his lookout man were partially buried but he carried on and sent in valuable reports.\" He was killed in Italy, and the inscription on the original wooden cross erected by his comrades read: \"A most Gallant Sportsman and Comrade.\"\n\nCAPT L. S. **RAMIER** (Indian Medical Service), MRCS, LRCP, died at the 3rd London Hospital, Wandsworth, September 14, aged 25, from tuberculosis contracted while in charge of the section of an Indian war hospital abroad, devoted to tubercular cases. Madras Medical College, where he was for two years captain of the cricket team.\n\nHis name is on the war memorial at Golders Green Crematorium, north London.\n\nCAPT GUY PHILIP **RANDALL** (King's Own Scottish Borderers). Military Cross. Killed September 18, aged 21. Merchant Taylors' XI, 1913.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR **RAWSON** (Yeomanry, attd Black Watch). Mentioned in Despatches twice. Killed October 6, aged 28. Royal High School, Edinburgh, XI.\n\nLT GERALD MORTIMER **REID** (London Regt), killed on May 9, aged 32. Charterhouse XI.\n\n**GNR ERNEST HERBERT **RELF** (337th Siege Bty, RGA) died at Evington, Leicester, on July 27, aged 29. He was born at Sandhurst, Berkshire, on November 19, 1888. He played 12 matches for Sussex between 1912 and 1914, but with little success, unlike his brothers, Albert and Robert, who both enjoyed long and illustrious county careers. He is buried at Reading Cemetery.\n\nMAJOR NOEL STAFFORD **ROBINSON** (RFA). Had been wounded. Died of wounds August 2, aged 35. Leys School and Bedford Grammar XI.\n\nHe was a ship owner, and a member of the Newcastle firm of Robinson, Brown & Company.\n\nLT RALPH **ROBINSON** (RAF), killed on April 12, aged 19. Wellingborough Grammar School XI.\n\nLT-COL FREDERICK WILLIAM **ROBSON** (Yorks Regt). DSO. Killed March 28, aged 30. Educated at Pocklington GS and London University. Member of the Yorks Gentlemen's CC, and Yorks County Hockey Team. Slightly wounded at the battle of St Julien.\n\n_Wisden_ gives a duplicate entry at this point, but naming the first wrongly as \"Frank\". A brother, Edward Moore, was killed two weeks later on April 11, 1918, aged 28; both were born in Pocklington and were members of the legal profession.\n\nLT-COL HUGH ALEXANDER **ROSS** (Gordon Highlanders) DSO, Montenegrin Order of Danlio, 4th Class. Killed October 27, aged 38. Loretto XI, 1898\u20131900.\n\nHe served in the South African war. He went to Flanders in 1914, was wounded at Loos in September 1915, awarded the DSO in November 1915, and the following year was given command of a West Yorkshire battalion and was MiD three times. In 1918 he commanded the 2nd Gordon Highlanders in Italy; he was killed by a shell during the Passage of the Plave.\n\nLT ROBIN SINCLAIR **RUCKER** (RAF), died of wounds October 12, aged 19. Charterhouse XI, 1915 and 1916. Played an innings of 122 not out and headed the averages in 1915.\n\nHe is buried at Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery at Somme, and is commemorated on the Biggin Hill civic war memorial in Kent, which was originally known as the Cudham war memorial; the family lived at Cudham Hall. A brother, Patrick William, who was at Charterhouse 1913\u201318, played for Oxford University in 1919 and opened the bowling against Gentlemen of England in The Parks on May 12 \u2013 thereby delivering the first ball in first-class cricket in England after the war; he joined the Royal Sussex Regiment in 1939 and was killed at Dunkirk on May 20, 1940, aged 40. Another brother, Charles Edward Sigismund, who played for Oxford University in 1914, lost a leg in the war and was Secretary at Oxford in 1919; he died in 1965, aged 71.\n\nLT RICHARD LAUDER **SALE** (Household Cavalry), died of wounds January 15, aged 30. Clifton Coll XI.\n\nA brother, Edward Hanson, was killed on September 25, 1915, aged 25.\n\nLT GEORGE EDWARD **SALES** (Canadian Infantry), who died of pneumonia on October 30, aged 40, played for the Kentish Association CC, of Winnipeg. { _W1920_ }\n\n*LT OSWALD MASSEY **SAMSON** (RGA), died of wounds September 17, aged 37. Cheltenham XI; Oxford XI 1903, when he scored eight and 32 not out against Cambridge at Lord's; Somerset XI.\n\nHe played 45 matches for Somerset 1900\u201313, with a highest score of 105.\n\nLT WILFRID GILBERT **SAMUEL** (Suffolk Regt, attd Beds Regt), killed September 21, aged 28. Ipswich Grammar School XI.\n\nHe went on to Balliol College, Oxford, in 1908.\n\nCAPT NOEL MARTYN **SAUNDERS** (7th Border Regt), killed on October 20, aged 35, was in the Lancing XI from 1900 to 1902. He was wounded twice, and had been recommended three times for the Military Cross and mentioned in Despatches. { _W1920_ }\n\nIn October 1918 the 7th Battalion Border Regiment were part of the Allied advance which was sweeping the German army before them and was only two weeks away from outright victory. Their task on October 20 was the capture of the village of Amerval near Le Cateau, and the attack began at 2am. Having successfully captured the village, the Borders were forced out again as the Germans counter-attacked. They again assaulted the village, and regained control of it just after dark. During this phase of the fight for the village the CO of the battalion, Lt-Col William Edgar Thomas DSO MC, and Capt Saunders were both shot and killed by German snipers. Saunders is commemorated on the memorial at Burwash in East Sussex and on a plaque in St Philip's Church, Burwash, where his father was vicar from 1888 to 1903.\n\n*MAJOR REGINALD OSCAR **SCHWARZ** (8th King's Royal Rifle Corps). Military Cross. Died of influenza, in France, November 18, aged 43.\n\nMajor Schwarz, as everyone knows, was famous as a slow bowler. Few men did so much to establish the reputation of South African cricket. He learnt the game in England and played for Middlesex before going to South Africa. In those early days, however, he did not make any great mark. His fame began when he returned to this country with the South African team of 1904. Studying very carefully the method of B. J. T. Bosanquet, he acquired, and afterwards carried to a high standard, the art of bowling off-breaks with, to all appearance, a leg-break action.\n\nHe did very well in 1904, but his success that year was only a foretaste of far greater things to come. In the brilliant tour of 1907 he and Vogler and G. A. Faulkner raised South African cricket to the highest pitch it has ever reached. He was less successful than his two comrades in the Test matches against England, but for the whole tour he was easily first in bowling, taking 143 wickets at a cost of 11\u00bd runs each. He proved rather disappointing in Australia, and in the Triangular Tournament in this country in 1912 he failed.\n\nBefore going to South Africa Schwarz was an international half-back at rugby football, playing against Scotland in 1899 and against Wales and Ireland two seasons later. He also played for Cambridge against Oxford in 1893. He was born on May 4, 1875, and was educated at St Paul's School. Inasmuch as he always made the ball turn from the off and had no leg-break Schwarz was not in the strict sense of the word a googly bowler, and was in this respect inferior to his colleagues Vogler and Faulkner. Still, when at his best, he was a truly formidable opponent, his accuracy of length in the season of 1907, in combination with such a big break, being extraordinary.\n\nThe writer of the obituary notice in _The Times_ said: \"Personally 'Reggie' Schwarz was a man of exceptional charm, and his untimely death will bring real sorrow to his hosts of friends in many parts of the world. He had the great gift of absolute modesty and self-effacement. No one meeting him casually would ever have guessed the renown he had won in the world of sport. Quiet, almost retiring, in manner; without the least trace of 'side'; and with a peculiarly attractive voice and way of speaking, Schwarz impelled and commanded the affection even of acquaintances. During his years in South Africa he was secretary to Sir Abe Bailey \u2013 a post which his social gifts enabled him to fill with remarkable success. Before coming to Europe for service in France, he had won distinction in the campaign in German South-West Africa. All who knew him knew that at the first possible opportunity he would be in the field in France, quietly and unostentatiously devoting all his gifts \u2013 gifts that were bound to ensure his success as an officer \u2013 to the service of his country. He had been wounded twice.\" \u2013 S. H. P.\n\nHe was a member of the London Stock Exchange 1899\u20131902, on the staff of the South African Railways at Johannesburg 1902\u201304, a member of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange 1904\u201311, and then went back to the London Stock Exchange from 1911. At the start of the war, he was appointed as a staff officer in the South African Army, and served in German South-West Africa before going to the Western Front in March 1916 as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General for the 47th (London) Division; he served with the division for a year and was awarded the MC for his work. He then served in a variety of posts and was transferred to the salvage corps early in 1918, when he was already suffering from poor health. A week after the Armistice, he died at Etaples, where he is buried in the Military Cemetery.\n\nLT ARTHUR NORMAN **SCLATER** , MC (13 Bn Canadian Infantry), born at Montreal on August 15, 1889, was killed on August 8. He was in the Eleven at Ridley College, Ontario, in 1906. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT ERIC FRANCIS **SELLARS** , MC (Cheshire Regt), killed on September 18, aged 25, was a member of the Loretto XI of 1912. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe went on to Caius College, Cambridge. He won the MC for \"most conspicuous gallantry\" in a night raid in September 1916, and was MiD.\n\nLT-COL REGINALD HENRY NAPIER **SETTLE** (Hussars, attd Machine Gun Corps). Military Cross, DSO. Had been wounded. Killed March 24, aged 26. Regimental cricket.\n\nThe only son of Lt-Gen Sir Henry Settle, he was educated at Eton and Sandhurst. He was posted to the Western Front with his regiment in August 1914, and was severely wounded during the Battle of Mons. While convalescing, he studied machine gunnery and subsequently took command of 21 Bn, MGC. He was wounded four times and MiD three times, as well as winning the MC and DSO. He was killed at Clery-sur-Somme while making what was reported as a gallant last stand with a small group of officers and men during the German offensive.\n\nLT-COL ROBERT EDWARD FREDERIC **SHAW** (London Regt, Kensingtons), Military Cross, killed in action August 23, aged 26. Severely wounded May 1915; wounded a second time September 1916; a third time October, 1917. Forest School XI, 1908 to 1910; Keble College, Oxford.\n\n2ND LT WILFRED ROBERT **SHAW** (Beds Regt), born November 17, 1897; killed March 23. Captain of the XI at Borlase School, Marlow.\n\nShaw died 70 years after his obituary appeared in _Wisden_ , which had taken the news of his death from obituaries in _The Times_ and local papers.\n\nHe went on from Sir William Borlase School to Sandhurst, and was gazetted to the Bedfordshire Regiment on May 1, 1917. Probably wanting to follow in the footsteps of his eldest brother Jack, he went to Northolt with a view to serving with the Royal Flying Corps, but on June 27 his commanding officer wrote a letter accompanying Shaw's request to be withdrawn from instruction in aviation after just 32 minutes' flying and two dual flights: \"On both occasions the effect upon him, although only 'Gentle Joy Rides', was sufficiently bad to warrant a recommendation that he should discontinue to receive instruction.\" Shaw's letter explained: \"I experience giddiness and sickness when flying.\" He joined the regiment from the RFC on July 10, 1917, and went to France that month.\n\n_Seated centre, Wilfred Shaw as captain of the Borlase eleven_\n\nShaw went on home leave in January 1918 but was soon back in France. The regimental diary for March 23 recorded him as killed during 2 Bn's fierce stand against the German Spring Offensive:\n\n\"Stood to at 5am on account of Rifle and M.Gun fire near Ham. 89th Infantry Brigade were holding Ham Defences but were driven back. The Battalion and the 2nd Bn. Royal Scots Fusiliers were ordered to cover the retirement of 89th Inf. Bde. to Esmery Hallon. We took up a position outside Esmery Hallon \u2013 Verlaines Road while the 89th Brigade withdrew. The enemy did not advance beyond Ham, so the 89th Brigade went forward again and occupied a position just east of Verlaines. We remained in our position till about midnight. Some of our details were in defence of Ham. Casualties: Killed 2nd Lieut. W.R. Shaw. Wounded and Missing, Captain F. V. Parker. Lieutenant D.D. Warren rejoined the Battalion.\" (Capt Frederick Vivian Parker was wounded and captured. He was released in December 1918, but died from the effects of his wounds on January 14, 1921.)\n\nAn obituary appeared in _The Times_ of April 10, and the _Bucks Free Press_ of April 18 reported Shaw's death with a more fulsome obituary: \"This young officer was a great favourite \u2013 a typical, high-spirited young Englishman, fond of all healthy sport, and keen on doing his duty as a soldier. News of his death was heard with feelings of deep regret, and much sympathy is felt for the family.\"\n\nThe paper was able to give a small detail of Shaw's death from Capt F. A. Sloan MC, who was a master at the school when Shaw was a pupil and was himself an Old Borlasian: \"The latter [Sloan] was wounded the day before 2nd Lieut Shaw was killed, and is now in hospital in London, and before he received his wound he had sent 2nd Lieut Shaw back from the line with a party of stretcher-bearers.\"\n\nThe obituary went on: \"The young officer was a fine all-round athlete, and if spared he would probably have made a name in the realm of sport like other members of the Shaw family, his father being the famous Marlow RC oarsman. He had a distinguished record at Borlase, playing three seasons in the football eleven (vice-captain in 1915-16), and two seasons in the cricket eleven (captain in 1916), and won the shooting cup in 1916. At the school sports in 1916 he put up a wonderful record, winning the challenge cups for the championship of the school, the cross-country race, one mile, quarter-mile, and hurdles; and finishing first in the 120 yards, handicap (from scratch), high jump and long jump. He also captained his house to victory in the house championship cup and the cup for the relay race at the same sports.\"\n\nThe _Borlasian_ magazine for 1916 gave this account of his cricket: \"Awarded 1st XI cricket colours. A capable bat, who has sometimes played very disappointingly. Abandoned his old position as wicketkeeper \u2013 at which he really shone \u2013 in order to strengthen the bowling, and has sometimes been most useful as a change bowler, though rather erratic. Has made a good captain, though rather headstrong.\"\n\nA week later, the _Bucks Free Press_ reported that Wilfred's parents had received a sympathetic letter from the battalion chaplain: \"Your son has been very dear to me as a friend, and dear old 'Wilf', as we called him, it is greatly feared, was killed on March 23. We had hoped that some more certain evidence might have come to light, but, so far, we have only the word of the men with his party that he was hit and seen to fall, and did not rise again. As at the time we were fighting a rearguard action, and retiring, it was impossible to examine him, or bring his body in.\"\n\nThen, on May 17 the _Bucks Free Press_ had a \"Good News\" headline: \"Mr and Mrs W. T. Shaw, of The Ferry Hotel, Bourne End, received splendid news on Saturday last, in the shape of an official War Office telegram, to the effect that their third and youngest son... is a prisoner of war in the hands of the Germans, and unwounded. This gallant young officer was early last month reported killed in action on March 23, and his name appeared in the official casualty lists as killed. Men of his regiment had stated that he was seen to fall during the retreat.\"\n\nThe paper referred to its earlier report of his death, and said that a photograph and paragraph had also appeared in _The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News_. \"Fortunately the mourning is now turned to joy, and Mr and Mrs Shaw have received many congratulations on the good news.\"\n\nThe couple now had two sons who were prisoners of war. Their eldest son, Jack, had been a PoW for ten months, his plane having been forced down over enemy lines at Messines on June 7, 1917. (Also in 1917, their second son, Frank, had been severely wounded in France and was discharged after gaining the Military Medal for bravery.)\n\nJack had been transferred to Holzminden PoW camp \u2013 which was deemed to be escape-proof \u2013 following his escape attempt from a previous camp at Freiburg. At Holzminden, he received a letter telling him that Wilfred had been killed, but in due course Wilfred turned up at Holzminden with another batch of prisoners. Jack was already involved in the digging of a tunnel at Holzminden through which 29 men made a \"great escape\" in July 1918; he drew number 32 in the queue, but when the tunnel collapsed on the 30th escapee, he and the man in front of him helped pull the trapped man to safety. A number of artefacts relating to Jack's escape attempts are held at the Imperial War Museum.\n\n_Wilfred Shaw stands proudly with the trophies he won as an athlete at Borlase School_\n\nThe brothers are listed in those who were released from Holzminden in December. A further report in the _Bucks Free Press_ of December 20 told how the brothers had landed at Hull and arrived home safely in Marlow. Jack was \"in fairly good health, thanks to the supply of food parcels from England\" but Wilfred had been \"very badly treated\" at his first camp at Redstadt, from which \"he never properly recovered, owing to the lack of medical necessaries in Germany, and he is now in hospital at Cliveden\" (where Waldorf Astor had given the use of the grounds for a Red Cross hospital).\n\nHowever, having cheated death, he now recovered from illness and went with the Bedfordshires to India, where he was involved in a lot of sport. It is not known when he left the Army, but whether he had left, or was home on leave, at Marlow in 1921 he took part in the Borlase old boys' 100 yards handicap and finished second behind Jack; the brothers also competed for the tug-of-war team against the school. The _Borlasian_ also records: \"Lt W. R. Shaw (Beds and Herts Regiment) married a Miss Pitts.\" This marriage was to end in divorce, and he married a second time to Edna, who outlived him; there were no children.\n\nRichard Tedham, secretary and historian of Little Marlow CC, has confirmed that Wilfred played for the club, although not on a regular basis. No scorebooks from before WW2 have survived, but he has searched through scorecards printed in the local press and Wilfred played in two matches in 1923, and a W. Shaw, quite possibly Wilfred, a further two in 1930.\n\nAfter he left the Army, he worked in the furniture trade in High Wycombe, and after WW2 was a sales representative for Castle Brothers, which was acquired by E. Gomme Ltd, makers of G Plan, in 1958. It is not known what he did in WW2, but the furniture factories were involved in aircraft production. His brother Jack was appointed Assistant Military Liaison Officer to Southern Command, and was wounded three times by bombs; he died on February 4, 1968.\n\nWilfred died on November 9, 1989, eight days short of his 92nd birthday. The funeral was at Chilterns Crematorium, Amersham, on November 24. An obituary in the local paper that day explained how he had been believed killed in action 71 years earlier. \"His family went into mourning after his name appeared in the official casualty lists as killed in action. After proving them wrong, Mr Shaw went on to serve after the allied victory with his regiment in India.\" It also recalled that he \"was well-known as a great athlete in his youth, winning practically all the cups in his last year at William Borlase's School, Marlow\".\n\nCAPT VICTOR GEORGE FLEETWOOD **SHRAPNEL** (East Surrey Regt), killed March 23, aged 20. Captain for the three years of the XI at Wilson's Grammar School, Camberwell.\n\nHe was a descendant of Lt-Gen Henry Shrapnel (1761\u20131842), the Royal Artillery officer who invented the shell which was filled with shot and burst in mid-air. They were first deployed in 1803, and continued to be manufactured according to his principles until the end of WWI; the name has been attached to fragmentation from artillery shells and in general ever since.\n\n**MAJOR KARL OTTO **SIEDLE** (174th Bde, RFA) died at Doullens, Picardy, on May 30, aged 28. He was born at Durban, Natal, on June 26, 1889; his brother Ivan Julian (Jack) played for South Africa and Natal, and Jack's son John played for Western Province and Natal. Karl played a single fc match for Natal against MCC at Pietermaritzburg in December 1913. He was awarded the MC posthumously \"for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty while in command of his battery during a withdrawal\" ( _LG_ Sept 13, 1918).\n\nCAPT HARRY HARGREAVES **SIMPKIN** (Yorks Regt), killed on March 22, aged 22. In the XI at King Edward's School, Bath. Headed the batting in 1913.\n\nA brother, Arthur Wilson, was killed on September 30, 1918, aged 22.\n\nLT JOHN RICHARD **SKEET** (Royal West Surrey Regt). Had been wounded. Born 1897; killed April 27. Captain of the XI at St George's Coll, Guildford.\n\nCAPT HUMPHREY HENRY **SLOANE-STANLEY** (Grenadier Guards). Military Cross. Killed April 13, aged 24. Haileybury.\n\nCAPT JAMES STACEY **SLOSSON** (105th Infantry, USA), killed on September 29, was a prominent member of the Staten Island CC. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe was killed in the attack on the Hindenburg line near Le Catelet, according to an \"In Memoriam\" notice in the _New York Times_ on the first anniversary of his death.\n\nLT RALPH EUSTACE **SMITH** (RAF), killed April 18, aged 28. Edinburgh Academy XI, 1899 and 1900.\n\nHe was a director of Thomas and William Smith Ltd of Newcastle, wire rope manufacturers, and of Smith's Dock Company Ltd of North and South Shields and Middlesbrough.\n\nCAPT REGINALD **SOMERS-COCKS** (Somerset Light Infantry). Military Cross. Killed April 24, aged 23. In the XI of the Agricultural College, at Aspatria.\n\nHe is commemorated on a stained-glass window and an oak screen in the tower arch in St John the Baptist Church, Eastnor, Herefordshire, where his father was rector. Nearby, 30 acres at the top of Midsummer Hill, at the southern end of the Malvern Hills, were given to the National Trust in his memory. A stone explaining the gift was removed from the hill in 1967 and is now set in the churchyard wall.\n\nLT ERIC MINOR **SPINK** (North Staffs Regt), killed September 14, aged 24. Was in the St Bees' XI in 1913.\n\nCAPT GEORGE NUGENT **STANGE** (Lancs Fusiliers). Military Cross. Killed October 27, aged 21. King's College School XI.\n\n*REV HARVEY **STAUNTON** (Chaplain to the Forces), of Staunton Hall, Notts, died on service in Mesopotamia, January 14, aged 47, Selwyn Coll, Camb, XI; Notts County XI, 1903\u201304\u201305. To Notts people he was perhaps best known as a member of the county cricket team, for whom he played fairly regularly from 1903 to 1905 inclusive. A batsman of the punishing type, his highest innings was against Middlesex at Trent Bridge in 1904, when he scored 78, and one of the notable features of his brief career in county cricket occurred at Gravesend in a match with Kent. More than one of the Notts batsmen had had a blow on the body from the fast bowling of Fielder, and Mr Staunton was violently struck on the knee by an extra speedy ball. His revenge was to despatch the four succeeding deliveries to the boundary!\n\nHe was rector of Broughton Sulney on the Notts\u2013Leics border from 1907; the family had lived at Staunton Hall since the Norman Conquest.\n\nMAJOR DEREK CHARLES **STEPHENSON** (RHA) Military Cross, DSO. Had been wounded. Mentioned in Despatches twice. Killed March 23, aged 30. An Old Etonian; played for IZ, MCC and Suffolk Borderers.\n\nHe went to France in August 1914 and served there continuously apart from two months after June 1917 when he was blown up in his dugout at night and did not regain full consciousness for two days, but insisted on returning to his battery before he had fully recovered. He took part in almost every important action of the war, and refused several staff appointments. His MC citation ( _LG_ , Sept 26, 1916) states: \"He repeatedly reconnoitred the enemy's wire and 'No-Man's Land', and sent valuable reports. On one occasion he destroyed wire from an observation post in front of the line, under heavy trench mortar and rifle fire.\" His DSO was gazetted on June 4, 1917. He was killed instantaneously by a shell, and is buried in the Chauny Communal Cemetery British Extension on the Aisne.\n\nLT-COL CHARLES JAMES TOWNSHEND **STEWART** , DSO and Bar, Croix de Guerre (Princess Pat's Canadian Light Infantry), was born at Amherst (Nova Scotia) on December 14, 1875, and was killed on September 28. An all-round player, he appeared for the Royal Military College (Kingston, Ont) and the Wanderers CC, of Halifax (NS). { _W1920_ }\n\nPTE THOMAS HOPE **STINSON** (87 Bn Canadian Infantry), who was born at Hamilton on May 8, 1885, died of wounds on October 20. He was a member of the Upper Canada College Eleven in 1901 and 1902. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT NOEL HERBERT **STONE** (Worcs Regt). Military Cross. Wounded twice. Killed April 27, aged 23. Malvern XI, 1914.\n\nHe was a contemporary at Malvern of C. S. Lewis, who wrote home to his father in October 1913: \"The mother of Stone... has died this week and he has consequently gone home. It is a very nasty business.\" Lewis himself served in the trenches and was wounded in April 1918.\n\n2ND LT THOMAS RAMSAY **STONEY** (King's Own Scottish Borderers), killed April 10, aged 35. Wellington Coll; Freshmen and Seniors at Camb, Pembroke Coll, Camb, XI.\n\nHe became a schoolmaster, and later headmaster of Wootton Court preparatory school in Canterbury. A brother, George Butler, was killed at Gallipoli on October 15, 1915, aged 38.\n\n2ND LT GEORGE **STRANGER** (Royal Guernsey Light Infantry), killed April 11, aged 23. Borlase School, Marlow, two years.\n\nSee his brother below. The two brothers were involved in the gallant attempt to hold the line in the Lys area of northern France, where Portuguese troops had given way against the weight of the German offensive. On April 11, 20 officers and 483 men went into action; three days later, just three officers and 55 other ranks remained. George was at first reported missing, but later it became known from men who were taken prisoners, and from the German official reports, that he was killed in action.\n\nCAPT HARRY EASTERBROOK KNOLLYS **STRANGER** (Royal Guernsey Light Infantry). Military Cross. Died of wounds May 11, aged 27. In the XI for five years at Borlase School, Marlow, and captain of the XI for three.\n\nSee his brother above. Harry was severely wounded on April 11 when George was killed, and he suffered further wounds and was gassed while at a casualty clearing station; he died in hospital in Calais where his wife, whom he had married the previous year, had been summoned. He was the first member of the RGLI to gain a medal, when he was awarded the MC for his action in holding a bridgehead at Cambrai in December 1917; it was gazetted posthumously. A third brother, Frank, serving with the Australian Infantry, was killed on March 22, 1918, aged 35 \u2013 all three dying within seven weeks of each other.\n\nPTE JAMES **SUMBY** (Canadian Infantry), who was born at Sunderland on February 19, 1895, died of wounds on October 10. He played for the Brantford CC, of Ontario. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT JOHN ALEXANDER **SUMMERHAYES** (Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers), killed August 27, aged 19. St Lawrence Coll, Ramsgate, XI.\n\nLT FRANK WILLIAM **SYKES** (RFA), killed March 14, aged 25. Captain of XI at Giggleswick Grammar School.\n\nHe was a director of John Smith's Brewery in Tadcaster, where his father was chairman and managing director.\n\nCAPT GEOFFREY BULMER **TATHAM** (Rifle Brigade attd Staff). Military Cross. Killed March 30, aged 34. Trinity Coll, XI, at Cambs.\n\nAfter gaining his BA and then MA at Trinity he continued at the college as a Fellow and Junior Bursar, and the Cambridge University Press published books on his research into ecclesiastical history. On the outbreak of war, Tatham was sent to the War Office, but he transferred to the Rifle Brigade because he wanted to go to the front.\n\n2ND LT GEOFFREY ENGLAND **TAYLOR** (RFA), died of wounds September 26, aged 20. Captain of XI at Chigwell School.\n\nBRIG-GEN STUART CAMPBELL **T** **AYLOR** , DSO. Mentioned in Despatches twice. Had been wounded. Born 1872; died of wounds October 11. Played for the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry XI.\n\nCAPT CHARLES EDWARD HENRY **TEMPEST-HICKS** (Lancers). Military Cross. Mentioned in Despatches. Wounded twice. Croix de Guerre. Died of wounds August 9, aged 30. An Old Harrovian, played for Sandhurst v Woolwich in 1908; MCC; IZ; Free Foresters; Regimental cricket.\n\nHe had served in France since August 1914 and was wounded three times. He is commemorated on a monument in St Mary's Church, Monken Hadley, Hertfordshire.\n\nMAJOR BERNARD CHARLES **TENNENT** (RAMC). Military Cross and Bar to MC. Killed August 22. Edinburgh University XI. Mentioned in Despatches.\n\nThe citation for his MC in _LG_ (August 25, 1917) states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in continually exposing himself with the utmost fearlessness under heavy shell fire in order to visit his posts in the front trenches. He dressed many men in the open, regardless of personal danger, and when his bearers became casualties he took their places and assisted to carry the wounded himself.\" The Bar was awarded on January 1, 1918.\n\nCAPT HON ALFRED AUBREY **TENNYSON** (Rifle Brigade), born 1891; killed March 23. Trinity Coll, Camb, XI. A brother of the Hon L. H. Tennyson.\n\nAnother brother, Harold Courtenay, a Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, was killed on January 29, 1916, when HMS _Viking_ struck a mine off Dunkirk while on a routine patrol.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR LAURIE **THOMAS** (London Regt), died of wounds August 30, aged 23. Three years in the XI at St Dunstan's College, Catford.\n\nHe went on to Brasenose College, Oxford, with a Classics scholarship, but rheumatism curtailed his sporting activities.\n\nLT DAVID CECIL SANBY **THOMAS** (Welsh Regt, attd RFC), killed February 16, aged 23. King's School, Worcester, XI.\n\nHe was a flying instructor and was killed in an accident in Egypt. See his brother below.\n\nLT TREVOR SANBY **THOMAS** (Welsh Regt, attd Manchester Regt), born April 17, 1897; killed April 7. King's School, Worcester XI.\n\nSee his brother above. Their names are on the family memorial in Holy Cross Churchyard, Cowbridge, Glamorgan.\n\nLT-COL WILLIAM D. MANN **THOMSON** (Household Cavalry), died October 22, at Scalford Hall, Melton Mowbray. Household Brigade XI.\n\nHe does not appear on the CWGC roll and he may have retired by the time of his death. Thomson was a member of the court martial that sat at the Middlesex Guildhall, Westminster, in October 1914, which resulted in Karl Lody being the first person in over 150 years to be executed at the Tower of London. Lody, who denied two charges under the Defence of the Realm Act of attempting to convey information to the enemy and war treason, was the first convicted WWI spy to be shot at the tower. Altogether, 11 German spies faced the firing squad; they were all buried in East London Cemetery, Plaistow. The last person to be executed at the Tower was Joseph Jakobs on August 15, 1941.\n\nLT ARTHUR BURRELL **THORNE** (RFA, attd RAF). Had been wounded. Born 1895; killed May 8, a result of a collision in the air while engaged in instructing a class in flying. Haileybury XI, 1912 and 1913.\n\nHis brother, Gordon Calthrop, also served in WWI and was killed at Singapore in March 1942, aged 45, with the rank of Lt-Col; he played for Haileybury, The Army and Norfolk, and his obituary is in _Wisden 1943_. Both names are on the war memorial at Heacham, Norfolk.\n\nCAPT GEORGE FLEETWOOD **THUILLIER** , MC (Devon Regt), killed on March 26, aged 21, was in the Dover College XI of 1914. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT NICHOLAS LECHMERE **TILNEY** (American Red Cross), born at Orange (NJ), January 29, 1884; died in hospital in France, September 17. He played for Harvard University from 1903 to 1906.\n\n_Wisden_ listed him as \"Tinley\". A report on the front page of The _Cornell Daily Sun_ of May 16, 1905, lists him in a \"strong\" Harvard side which was due to play Cornell that day. The following day's paper reported that Harvard scored 164, with Tilney at No. 10 being not out nought; Cornell were then dismissed for 102. Harvard CC was founded in 1862, but the last meaningful inter-collegiate game was played in 1924 before a revival of the club in 2011. Tilney is buried in the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery at Romagne.\n\n**CPL CHARLES BRYAN **TOMBLIN** (2 Bn, Northants Regt) died near Sissonne on June 1, aged 26. He was born at Walgrave, Brixworth, Northants, on June 29, 1891. He played two matches for Northamptonshire in June 1914.\n\nMAJOR DOUGLAS **TOSETTI** (Royal Berks Regt). Had been wounded. Killed March 21, aged 40. Essex XI.\n\nHe played six matches for Essex 2nd XI 1900\u201303. In his final match in August 1903 he played alongside his brother Gilbert, who played 41 matches for Essex 1898\u20131905, and died in Kenya in 1923, aged 44: he had served in the East African Mounted Rifles, and his obituary is in _Wisden 1924_. Before the war, Douglas was a champagne merchant. He was wounded at Loos but continued to lead his men, earning him the MC, and went on to the Somme and Passchendaele; he was killed on the first day of the German Spring Offensive.\n\nLT CLIFFORD WELDON **TRAVIS** (2nd Canadian Machine Gun Corps), born at Sydney (Nova Scotia) on May 5, 1893, was killed on August 28. He was a member of the Eleven at St Andrew's College, Toronto, in 1914. { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT FREDERIC KENNETH JACKSON **TRAYES** (Cheshire Regt), born April 1898; killed March 22. Aldenham School XI, 1915 and 1916.\n\nSGT ARCHER ROBERT ROBINSON **TRENCH** (Canadian Field Artillery), accidentally drowned in Canada on June 1, aged 32. He was a member of the Staten Island CC.\n\nLT CLAUDE HANDLEY **TROTTER** (Alberta Regt, attd RAF), accidentally killed whilst flying October 13, aged 23. Galway Grammar School XI.\n\nHe is buried at All Saints Churchyard, Chigwell Row, Essex, with a propeller as a memorial.\n\nLT-COL ARTHUR PHILIP HAMILTON **TRUEMAN** (The Buffs, commanding a battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers), died of pneumonia following influenza, November 26, aged 38. Played much Army cricket, including Regimental and for the Staff College.\n\nAfter seeing action in France, he was admitted to hospital in February 1916 suffering from shell shock; he was then an instructor at Sandhurst, and later formed and commanded a cadet battalion in Devon until the end of the war. He was appointed OBE on July 10, 1918. His wife, who was only 21, died on the same day as him and they were buried together in Mansfield (Nottingham Road) Cemetery. A brother, Charles Fitzgerald Hamilton, was killed in the first month of the war on August 26, 1914, aged 37; he had played in a three-day match (non-fc) for Ireland against Cambridge University at Cork in July 1904.\n\n*2ND LT THOMAS ARCHIBALD **TRUMAN** (ASC), died of pneumonia and peritonitis September 13, aged 37. Played a few times for Gloucestershire.\n\nHe played four matches 1910\u201313.\n\n**LT FREDERICK HUGH GEOFFREY **TRUMBLE** (HMS _Warwick_ ) was killed at sea on May 10, aged 24. He was born at Brading, Isle of Wight, on October 9, 1893, and entered the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, in September 1908, where he captained the 1st XI in 1910. He played for the Royal Navy against the Army at Lord's in June 1914; batting at four, he was dismissed for nought and eight. He was killed in an accident when the destroyer on which he served was involved in blocking operations at Ostend. _Warwick_ was the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir Roger Keyes, who explained in his memoirs: \"When everyone was clear, I told the Torpedo Lieutenant on my Staff to put an explosive charge into the ML [motor launch] as she was too badly damaged to tow, but she appeared to have taken a new lease of life when relieved of her burden, and I did not wish to run any risk of her falling into the enemy's hands. We were just going to shove her off, when Trumble, the First Lieutenant of the _Warwick_ , standing beside Tomkinson and me, leant over and caught hold of the muzzle of a Lewis gun, which was mounted on her side, saying we had better save this. I don't know how it happened, but the gun went off and the bullet hit him in the forehead, and he dropped dead beside us.\" He is buried at St James's Churchyard, Dover, and remembered on the war memorial at Haywards Heath, Sussex, where his parents lived.\n\nCAPT FRANCIS WILLIAM **TWIGG** (Northants Regt), born November, 1884; killed September 24, aged 33. Repton XI, 1901 and 1902; Staffordshire XI.\n\nHe played one Minor Counties Championship match in August 1912 alongside his brother Walter; another brother, Charles, played for Europeans in India during the war and later for Eastern Province, and died in Natal in 1986, aged 93.\n\n*LT WILLIAM KNOWLES **TYLDESLEY** (Loyal North Lancs Regt), born 1887; killed April 26. Lancashire: first match, 1908. Highest score 152 v Derbyshire at Derby.\n\nOne of four brothers who played for Lancashire, he scored 2,979 runs in 87 matches 1908\u201314; he scored 92 in his final innings in the drawn match against Northamptonshire which ended on August 31, 1914, bringing the season to a close at Old Trafford.\n\nCAPT IAN **URE** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), Military Cross, was killed in action on February 2, aged 32. Loretto XI, 1902\u201303.\n\nCAPT WILLIAM PERCIVAL **VINT** (Machine Gun Corps), killed August 5, aged 33. Bedford Grammar School XI, about 1901\u201302.\n\nHe spent nine years at a nitrate works in Chile.\n\nMAJOR HERMAN WALTER **VON POELLNITZ** (RAF, attd Lincs Regt), died May 11, as result of motor accident, aged 27. Old Reptonian; and captain of XI at Sandhurst. Had been wounded.\n\nHe suffered a fractured skull in a car accident returning to his billet from Baghdad aerodrome, and is buried in Baghdad War Cemetery. He was the only child of Baron and Baroness Poellnitz, who lived in Station Road, Sidcup, and he is commemorated on the Sidcup war memorial; the brass plaques with the names of 204 men who lost their lives in WWI were stolen by metal thieves in 2011. The monument had been paid for by public subscription, and was erected on a green in 1921. The dedication engraved on the plaques read: \"Erected to the memory of all those from Sidcup and District who passed out of sight of men by the path of duty.\"\n\n2ND LT EDMUND JOHN **WALDEGRAVE** (RFA), killed in action, August 10, aged 19. Marlborough XI, 1915\u201317 (captain).\n\nCAPT HAMILTON STEWART **WALFORD** (Worcs Regt), killed May 27, aged 33. Tonbridge School XI: headed batting averages.\n\nCAPT JOHN STUART DIGHT **WALKER** (Australian Infantry). Military Cross. Killed on July 21, aged 33. Had been wounded. Sydney Grammar School XI, Sydney University XI. Good all-round cricketer.\n\nWhen war broke out, he was manager of a mine in Western Australia; he enlisted as a private but qualified for a commission before going to the Front. He was awarded the MC for gallantry at Pozieres, but was later seriously wounded and invalided to Australia, returning to action after some months of convalescence. He was one of five brothers, all of whom enlisted: the eldest, the Rev Arthur Dight, who applied for a chaplaincy but after waiting for a few weeks enlisted as a private, and was later given a commission, was killed on October 18, 1916, aged 31; Noel Balfour Dight was killed on November 14, 1916; a sister, Marjorie, served as a nurse. Their father was the Rev John Walker, minister of St Andrew's Kirk, Ballarat, a Presbyterian church, who became Moderator-General of the Church in Australia; born in Cheshire of Scots parents in 1855, he died in 1948. During the Remembrance Day service in the year after he died, the John Walker memorial stained-glass window was dedicated at St Andrew's, honouring his three sons who \"gave their lives on Flanders Fields\", with this explanation: \"Their father conceived the idea of this tablet as an inspiration to those who follow on so that the torch of liberty, which they gave their comrades true from their falling hands, might be held high in each succeeding generation.\"\n\nPTE RANDOLPH ST GEORGE **WALKER** , JUNIOR (107th Regt, USA), who was killed on September 29, aged 20, was a promising member of the Staten Island CC. { _W1920_ }\n\nCAPT ROGER BEVERLEY **WALKER** (Yeomanry attd West Yorks Regt), died of wounds, November 13, aged 32. Was in the Eleven while at Wellington. Military Cross.\n\nThe citation for his MC states: \"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty when in charge of a daylight raiding party. His efforts in the preparation and training of the various parties for the action and his fearlessness in going forward to an advanced position to control the raid contributed largely to its success.\"\n\nCAPT GUY HALIFAX **WALLACE** (Canadian Army Medical Corps), born at St Thomas, Ontario, on February 12, 1887, died of illness in New York City on December 9. A good fast bowler, he was in the Eleven at St Andrew's College, Toronto, in 1903 and 1904. { _W1920_ }\n\nHe received his medical degree after studying at the University of Toronto from 1909 to 1914, and practised as a physician in New York. He enlisted on November 24, 1915, but on his way overseas was taken ill with pleurisy from which he never fully recovered. He served for 15 months on the staff of No. 11 Canadian General Hospital, Moore Barracks, Shorncliffe, Kent, but owing to his health, orders sending him to France were twice cancelled. Going home on leave, he was refused permission to return and was eventually discharged; he died of pneumonia and is buried in New York City (Woodlawn) Cemetery.\n\nLT HORATIO SPENCER **WALPOLE** (Coldstream Guards). Had been wounded. Killed April 9, aged 36. Kent 2nd XI. His name was formerly Vade [not Vale, as _Wisden_ gives] Walpole, and he was heir-presumptive to two baronies.\n\nHe went to Eton and New College, Oxford. He became heir to the Baronies of Walpole and Orford when his elder brother, Thomas Henry Bourke Vade-Walpole, was killed on September 20, 1915. Horatio, who signed himself Horace, in 1914 renounced by deed poll the name of Vade which his father had assumed under a cousin's will in 1892. A solicitor, he joined the Inns of Court OTC in January 1916 and was given a commission in the Guards in March; he was posted to France in August, and on September 15 received a gunshot wound to his right forearm. The following day he was promoted to Lieutenant, but his wound was serious and he returned to England. He went back to France in August 1917; on April 9, 1918, he was commanding a company in the front line at Boiry St Martin when a shell landed in the trench where he was standing and killed him outright. His battlefield grave marker is in St Andrew's Church, Wickmere, Norfolk, where the Walpoles \u2013 descendants of Sir Robert Walpole, Britain's first prime minister \u2013 went home to rest. His name is not on the Blythe Memorial at Kent CCC, and Kent have no record of him playing for the 2nd XI as _Wisden_ stated. He did play some games for Kenley CC in Surrey, and in August 1901 appeared as Vade-Walpole for the Gentlemen of Surrey against the Netherlands in a two-day match at The Oval.\n\n_The plaque to Horatio Walpole in Stevenage church_\n\nCAPT MAURICE ARTHUR **WARD** (Lancs Fusiliers). Military Cross. Died of wounds April 10, aged 21. St Paul's XI, 1912, 1913.\n\nCAPT WALTER DELAY **WARD** (Hants Regt), accidentally killed September 4, aged 36. Blundell's School XI, 1900-01; Sidney Sussex Coll, Camb, XI.\n\nHis name is on the Madras War Memorial and at Blundell's School.\n\nLT EDGAR LESLIE **WARMAN** (RMA) killed August 8, aged 38. Bradfield Coll XI, about 1896\u201398.\n\nLT MERVYN HOLMES **WATKINS** (RFA), killed September 18, aged 25. Monmouth Grammar School XI.\n\nHe was one of seven brothers who served, three of whom fell.\n\nLT-COL OLIVER CYRIL SPENCER **WATSON** (Yeomanry, attd KOYLI), DSO. Had been wounded. Killed March 28, aged 41. St Paul's School: captain of XI in 1895.\n\nHe was awarded the VC posthumously for his actions at Rossignol Wood, north of Hebuterne, France. _LG_ (May 18, 1918) records: \"For most conspicuous bravery, self-sacrificing devotion to duty, and exceptionally gallant leading during a critical period of operations. His command was at a point where continual attacks were made by the enemy in order to pierce the line, and an intricate system of old trenches in front, coupled with the fact that his position was under constant rifle and machine-gun fire, rendered the situation still more dangerous. A counter-attack had been made against the enemy position, which at first achieved its object, but as they were holding out in two improvised strong points, Lt-Col Watson saw that immediate action was necessary, and he led his remaining small reserve to the attack, organising bombing parties and leading attacks under intense rifle and machine-gun fire. Outnumbered, he finally ordered his men to retire, remaining himself in a communication trench to cover the retirement, though he faced almost certain death by so doing. The assault he led was at a critical moment, and without doubt saved the line. Both in the assault and in covering his men's retirement, he held his life as nothing, and his splendid bravery inspired all troops in the vicinity to rise to the occasion and save a breach being made in a hardly tried and attenuated line. Lt-Col Watson was killed while covering the withdrawal.\" Commissioned into the Green Howards in 1897 from Sandhurst, he served in India in the Tirah Campaign on the North West Frontier, and in China during the Boxer rebellion, 1900.\n\nLT PERCY BRYDEN **WATT** (Gordon Highlanders, attd MGC), killed on April 14, aged 24. In the Watson's College XI for several seasons, and afterwards played for the Watsonians.\n\n_Wisden_ gives a duplicate entry at this point, one with the initials \"P. D.\". MiD.\n\n2ND LT ROBIN KENELM **WATTS** (Royal West Kent Regt), killed August 23, aged 19. Regimental cricket.\n\nA brother, Henry Leonard, was killed on October 20, 1915, aged 31.\n\nCAPT JOHN PURNELL **WEBB** (Gloucs Regt), died of wounds, August 22, aged 25. Bristol Grammar School XI; Jesus Coll, Ox, XI.\n\nLT CHARLES DOUGLAS **WELLS** (RAF). Military Cross. Mentioned in Despatches. Killed May 16, aged 21. Gresham School, Holt, XI.\n\nHe was the observer in a 62 Sqn Bristol F2B aircraft that was shot in aerial combat and forced to land at Corbie, where it was abandoned and shelled.\n\nMAJOR NEVILLE WILLIAM **WELLS-COLE** (RHA), born 1891; killed January 6. Winchester XI: Woolwich XI; Lincolnshire XI (1st match for county when aged 17). Played at Lord's for RA and RE, MCC. An excellent left-hand bowler. Son of the late G. F. Wells-Cole.\n\nMiD; his battlefield grave cross is in the Church of Ss Peter and Paul at Kettlethorpe, Lincs. His father and two brothers also played for Lincolnshire.\n\nLT ALAN HERBERT MAINWARING **WEST** (Indian Infantry), died of wounds accidentally received, January 7, aged 20. Oundle: captain of XI. Headed both averages in 1915.\n\nLT ALBERT NEAVE **WESTLAKE** (North Staffs Regt, attd RFC), killed January 4, aged 24. For three years in the Shrewsbury XI, 1910\u201312.\n\nHe won the MC.\n\n*LT GORDON CHARLES **WHITE** , the well-known South African cricketer, died of wounds on October 17. Born on February 5, 1882, he was in his 37th year. Gordon White did much to establish the fame of South African cricket, but in England he never quite came up to the reputation he enjoyed at home as a batsman. He came here in 1904 and 1907, and visited us for the third time with the team that took part in the Triangular Tournament in 1912. In the tour of 1904 he scored in all matches 937 runs with an average of 30, his highest innings being 115 against Notts at Trent Bridge. For the great team of 1907, though he scored 162 not out against Gloucestershire at Bristol, he was disappointing as a batsman, the soft wickets being quite unsuited to his fine off-side hitting, but he bowled leg-breaks with marked success, taking 72 wickets at a cost of just under 13 runs each. In 1912 he did not do himself justice as a batsman, and as a bowler he failed. He took part in five of the half-dozen Test matches, his best score being 59 not out in the drawn game against Australia at Nottingham. When getting runs, Gordon White always looked to be a first-rate batsman, his style of play being very free and attractive.\n\nHe played in 17 Tests, and died in Gaza, Palestine, serving with the Cape Corps.\n\n*LT GEORGE WILLIAM EDENDALE **WHITEHEAD** (RFA, attached RAF), born 1895, killed on October 17. Among the many public school cricketers lost during the war perhaps none, except John Howell of Repton, had better prospects of winning distinction at the game than George Whitehead. In the Clifton College XI for four years \u2013 he was captain in 1913 and 1914 \u2013 he had a brilliant record at school. Starting in 1911 he was third in batting with an average of 33, and in the following year he did still better, playing a remarkable innings of 259 not out against Liverpool and averaging 41. Moreover he took 14 wickets with a fairly good average. Against Cheltenham he played a first innings of 63. In his two years as captain he was conspicuously successful, heading the batting in both seasons with averages of 46 in 1913 and 40 in 1914. He also bowled well, especially in 1914, when he took 36 wickets for a trifle over 13 runs apiece. He played three times at Lord's for Public Schools against the MCC, and in 1914 he was given a couple of trials for Kent.\n\nAn Old Cliftonian writes:\n\nGeorge Whitehead was a perfect flower of the public schools. He was not limited to athletics only, great though he was in this respect. Intellectually he was far above the average, and was as happy with a good book as when he was scoring centuries. His ideals were singularly high and, though gentle and broad-minded, he always stood uncompromisingly for all that was clean. So modest was he, that strangers sometimes failed to realise his worth. He insisted on being transferred to the Royal Air Force from the RFA, fully appreciating the risks, because he knew of his country's then urgent need of airmen and so he died, greatly patriotic. Clifton has lost more than 500 of her sons in the war. She is proud of every one of them, but of none more than of this very perfect gentleman.\n\nHe joined the Army instead of going to Trinity College, Oxford, and received his commission in the RFA on July 28, 1915, going to the front five weeks later in time for the battle of Loos, afterwards spending the winter on the Ypres Salient and taking part in the battle of the Somme in July 1916. After a serious illness and operation, which kept him out of action for a year, he refused a position at home and became a pilot.\n\n_George Whitehead: \"a perfect flower of the public schools\"_\n\nIn December 1918, the mayor of Lauwe at Menen, Belgium, wrote to his father, Sir George Whitehead, explaining the circumstances of his death: \"On Thursday, October 17, at nine o'clock in the morning, an English aeroplane appeared flying very low and carrying two persons, Lieutenant Whitehead and Lieutenant Griffiths. Your son raised himself in the machine, and with a flag in his hand, amid the cheers of the population, proclaimed our happy deliverance. The aeroplane flew over the town repeatedly, always saluted by the inhabitants, until when flying near the railway station, which is 25 minutes' walk from the centre of the town, it was fired at by German machine-guns. Flying at a low height it was hit by bullets which, alas, wounded your son and his observer. The machine made a steep dive and the lifeless bodies of your brave men were borne into a room in our hospital. They were buried the next day in the Military Cemetery by a party of English soldiers.\" A brother, James Hugh Edendale (qv), who played one match for the MCC in 1912, died on March 3, 1919, aged 28.\n\nCAPT PERCY NEIL **WHITEHEAD** (RE). Military Cross. Killed on March 21, aged 29. Badly wounded at Fricourt, 1916. Charterhouse and Clare, where he gained college colours for cricket and Association football. Half-blue for boxing at Oxford.\n\nLT ROBERT **WHYTE** (Royal Scots), killed April 12. Dollar Academy XI.\n\nLT ARTHUR NORMAN **WIDDOP** (The Buffs), killed September 30, aged 29. Captain of XI at Lancaster Grammar School.\n\nHe was a clerk at the Ulverston branch of the Lancaster Banking Company; he played cricket for Morecambe and Ulverston.\n\n*LT LOUIS De VILLIER **WIENER** (RAF), killed on November 4, had been in the Eleven whilst at the South African College, Cape Town. { _W1920_ }\n\n_Wisden 1920_ listed him as De Villiers-Wiener. In April 1918, after returning from a photographic flight, he encountered the von Richthofen \"circus\": his observer was killed and the plane went into a vertical spin from 10,000ft; the enemy, thinking they had accounted for another British machine, flew back to their lines. At 8,000ft, however, he regained control, only to go into another spin of a few thousand feet, when he once more steadied his machine and was about to make a landing when he fell the final 100ft. He was picked up badly bruised and unconscious, but made a complete recovery some months later. After some home service in Wiltshire he returned to the front, and on November 4, with two other planes, he set out to take photographs over the German lines. He was last seen at about a height of 16,000ft; none of the three planes returned.\n\nLT EVELYN OTWAY SCARLETT **WILEY** (Durham Light Infantry), died of pneumonia following influenza, November 7, aged 25. Bedford Modern School XI.\n\nCAPT ARTHUR IFOR MEAKIN **WILLIAMS** (Royal Welsh Fusiliers), died of wounds October 9, aged 22. Highgate School XI.\n\nMiD.\n\nLT ROBERT LUKYN **WILLIAMS** (Indian Army), born 1892; killed October 27. Bedford Grammar School XI, 1910.\n\nA brother, Charles James, was killed on December 19, 1915, aged 28; they are both commemorated on the war memorial at North Tawton, Devon.\n\n2ND LT FREDERICK THOMAS AUSTEN **WILSON** (Royal Fusiliers) was killed in action in France on March 12, aged 20. He was a member of the Felsted XI in 1916. { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT HUMPHREY HAMILTON **WILSON** (RFC), killed February 19, aged 18. Weymouth Coll XI (about 1914\u201315).\n\nHe was born at Yokohama, Japan, where his name is on the memorial in the Foreigners' Cemetery in Motomachi.\n\n*LT-COL JOHN FRANCIS SARTORIUS **WINNINGTON** (Worcs Regt attd Northants Regt). DSO. Mentioned in Despatches four times. Died of wounds September 22, aged 42. Regimental cricket; Gentlemen of Worcestershire.\n\nHe played a single match for Worcestershire in 1908 against Oxford University. A veteran of the South African War, he was first invalided at the battle of Neuve-Chappelle, and after his health broke down at Gallipoli he was deemed physically unfit for duty, but he ultimately fell while commanding a battalion of the Northamptonshire Regt in Palestine.\n\nBRIG-GEN ARTHUR ALEXANDER **WOLFE-MURRAY** , CB (Highland Light Infantry), died in London on December 7, 1918, aged 52. In 1886, when he averaged 50.14 for Sandhurst, he played an innings of 169 against Woolwich. Later he scored well in Regimental matches. { _W1920_ }\n\n2ND LT WILLIAM HERBERT BEAN **WOLSTENCROFT** (Royal Scots Fusiliers), killed on April 12, aged 19. Hurstpierpoint XI, 1915\u201316.\n\nLT ERNEST RICHARD GARDNER **WOOD** (North Staffs Regt), killed July 20, aged 21. Radley XI.\n\nLT PATRICK BRYAN SANDFORD **WOOD** (RAF), killed May 24, aged 19. Rossall XI.\n\nHe is remembered on the war memorial in Great St Mary Church, Cambridge; his father was a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College.\n\nCAPT FRANK COPELAND **WORSTER** (Worcs Regt). Had been wounded. Died of wounds May 30, aged 29. Whitgift Grammar School XI.\n\nHe was awarded the MC, gazetted posthumously on September 24, 1918. He went to St John's College, Oxford, and was Classical Master at St Paul's School. His brother, William John Alexander, dedicated _Merlin's Isle: A Study of Rudyard Kipling's England_ (1920) to his memory.\n\n*CAPT AND BRIGADE MAJOR EGERTON LOWNDES **WRIGHT** (Oxon and Bucks Light Infantry; General Staff Officer, Third Grade), born November 15, 1885, killed May 11. E. L. Wright had quite a brilliant career as a cricketer, being four years in the Winchester and four years in the Oxford XI. In his first season for Winchester in 1901, being then a boy of 16, he played an innings of 113 against Eton, and came out second in the college batting with an average of 34. In 1902 he was by no means so successful, but in 1903 he averaged 24 and in 1904 he finished up splendidly with an average of 50, and with an innings of 53 not out had a big share in beating Eton by eight wickets. He was captain in his two last years. At Oxford he began well, heading the batting in 1905 with an average of 31 and scoring 95 and 26 against Cambridge at Lord's. The following year he was not quite so good, but he again came off at Lord's, playing a brilliant second innings of 79. In 1907 and again in 1908 he was captain of the XI. The side had a very bad season in 1907, only winning one match out of nine, but Wright himself with an average of 30 was second to G. N. Foster in batting. Against Cambridge he scored 4 and 48. He finished up badly as a batsman at Oxford in 1908, being lower in the batting list than in any of his previous seasons. Still he had the satisfaction of seeing Oxford beat Cambridge by two wickets, and had something to do with the victory, scoring 37 in the last innings. He was tried for the Lancashire XI, and apart from cricket won his Blue at Oxford for Association football.\n\nHe was awarded the MC. There is a brass plaque in his memory in St Laurence Church, Weston Underwood, Bucks.\n\nLT HENRY ROBERT LINDSAY **WRIGHT** (Canadian Artillery), born in Toronto, May 30, 1896, died of wounds, August 28. He was captain of the Eleven at St Andrew's College (Toronto), in 1914.\n\nHis Commanding Officer wrote to his father: \"He was sitting with three other officers in the mess about five o'clock yesterday afternoon, when a high-velocity shell made a direct hit on the room in which they were sitting. Lin was carried to a dressing station without a moment's delay, and the medical officers there did everything in their power for him. Lin was without doubt the most popular chap I have ever known. He did not have an enemy in the world. He was idolised by the men, and he was the life and soul of the officers' mess. His loss has caused a deeper furrow in our lives than it is possible for me to express in writing. As well as his fine personal qualities, he was an excellent soldier. Only on the eighth of this month, during the battle of Amiens, he went forward with the infantry and turned captured German field and heavy guns around and fired them at the retreating enemy. He showed a fine amount of dash and at one period was firing a German field gun from the position level with our furthest advanced infantry.\"\n\n2ND LT VICTOR ALBERT **WRIGHT** (Royal Warwicks Regt), killed April 15, aged 28. Birmingham and District cricket.\n\n2ND LT JOHN DRUMMOND **WYATT-SMITH** (General List and RFC), killed March 17, aged 19. Sherborne XI. In 1917 he took 39 wickets at a cost of less than 6\u00bd runs each, and had a batting average of 24.\n\nHe was killed in a flying accident only days after joining 28 Sqn in northern Italy. He is commemorated on the gravestone at St John's Church, Merrow, Guildford, of his brother Hugh Hargreave, who died on February 17, 1916, aged 18, of peritonitis while on leave, and of his sister Amy Margaret, who died on June 21, 1922, aged 20, of typhoid while nursing.\n**DEATHS IN 1919**\n\nThe section in _Wisden 1920_ was headed \"Deaths in the War, 1914\u20131919\". However, some of the names below \u2013 whose names appear on the CWGC roll of honour \u2013 appear in the \"Other Deaths in 1919\" section.\n\n**SGT THOMAS CHARLESWORTH **ALLSOPP** (Royal West Surrey Regt, attd Labour Corps) died at Norwich on March 7, aged 38. He was born at Leicester on December 18, 1880. He played 36 matches for Leicestershire between 1903 and 1905, taking 83 wickets with his left-arm spinners, his best figures being six for 85; he was also selected for MCC against Sussex at Lord's in May 1904 when he took five wickets in the match. He also played professional football for Leicester Fosse. He later played cricket for Norfolk from 1907 until 1912. He is buried at Norwich Cemetery.\n\n**PTE ROLAND BRERETON **BARLOW** (South African Infantry) died at Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, on January 15, aged 39. He was born at Bloemfontein on May 30, 1879. He played a single match for Orange Free State against Transvaal at Bloemfontein in January 1904; his younger brother Herbert was in the same side, as was Richard Worsley (qv 1917), who was also playing in his only first-class match.\n\nLT-COL ARTHUR COURTNEY **BODDAM-WHETHAM** , DSO (4th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), who was killed in an aeroplane accident in Egypt on June 22, aged 35, had played for the Eton Ramblers.\n\nHe gained his aviator certificate at Hendon in July 1913. At the time of the accident, he was serving with the RAF HQ Middle East; he is buried at Ramleh War Cemetery. He was awarded the DSO in the King's Birthday Honours list of June 3, 1918. A brother, Rear Admiral Edye Kington Boddam-Whetham, who was also awarded the DSO in the war, died on active service at Gibraltar in March 1944, aged 57.\n\n*LT-COL WILLIAM EDWARD THOMAS **BOLITHO** , DSO, who was born at Polwithen on July 2, 1862, died at Bath on February 21. He was a member of the Harrow XI in 1880 and 1881, and in the latter year scored 28 and 44 against Eton. At Oxford he obtained his Blue, playing v Cambridge in 1883 and 1885, in the latter season making 24 and 30. In 1885, too, he visited America as a member of the late Mr E. J. Sanders' team. He had been a member of the MCC since 1882, and played for Devonshire.\n\nHe was commanding the Royal 1st Devon Yeomanry. After Harrow he went to Trinity College, Oxford. He played seven matches for Oxford University in 1883 and 1885, but missed the 1884 season through injury. He also played for the Gentlemen of England against the university in 1885, when he hit his highest score of 45 not out, and had two first-class games for Sanders' XI in Philadelphia. He captained Cornwall in the Minor Counties Championship. He served in the South African Campaign, where he was wounded and was awarded the DSO; he went on to raise and command the Yeomanry at Exeter and served with his regiment in Ireland before the Armistice. He died after a long illness and is buried in the family vault at Gulval Churchyard, Cornwall. A son, William, was killed in action at Ypres in May 1915, aged 22; there is a stained-glass window in his honour in St Pol-de-Leon Church at Paul, Penzance, which bears the inscription: \"And you will speed us onward with a cheer, and wave beyond the stars that all is well.\"\n\nSGT WILLIAM SPROULE **BOLTON** (Royal Fusiliers) died on February 7, aged 34. He was in the Harrow Eleven in 1902 and two following years, being second in batting in 1902 with 21.16 and first in 1904 with 31.55. In his three matches v Eton he scored 152 runs with an average of 30.40, his best innings being 64 in 1904, contributed to a total of 109, the next-highest effort for the side being only 11.\n\nHe died in London of pneumonia and influenza. His death certificate records his occupation as solicitor, ex-sergeant; his name is therefore not on the CWGC roll, despite him having served since the second day of the War. A brother, Edward Trevor, who also went to Harrow and with whom he was in partnership as a solicitor, was killed on April 10, 1918, aged 34.\n\n**BREVET COL HENRY HENDLEY **BOND** (RFA) died at Glasnevin, Co Dublin, on November 10, aged 46. He was born at Ahmedabad, India, on June 13, 1873, and educated at Wellington College. He played five matches for Europeans between August 1898 and September 1900. He played for RMA Woolwich and in other military cricket. He was awarded the DSO. He was promoted to Brevet Col (LG, June 4, 1917). He is buried at Castlelyons Churchyard, Co Cork.\n\nLT-COL FRANCIS WILLIAM **BURBURY** (Rifle Brigade late Royal West Kent Regt) died in hospital at Murree on September 11. He was educated at Marlborough and Shrewsbury, and was in the latter Eleven in 1881, 1882 and 1883 and captain in 1884. He was a good batsman and a first-rate field. In 1885 he played in the Freshmen's match at Cambridge.\n\nHe was born at St John's Wood, London, on November 1, 1864. He was commissioned from the Royal Military College Sandhurst into the Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regt) in August 1886. Having retired from the Royal West Kent Regt, he commanded the 24th (Home Counties) Territorial Bn of the Rifle Brigade from its formation in November 1915; it reached Agra in February 1916 and went on to Sialkot with detachments, at different periods, at Jullundur, Amritsar, Lahore and Ferozepore for internal security duties, and finally dispersed on November 29, 1919. His name is on the Karachi War Memorial. His first son, 2nd Lt John Francis Burbury, was killed in Belgium on February 23, 1915, aged 19. His second son, Lt-Col Richard Percival Hawksley Burbury, was killed during the Normandy landings on June 6, 1944, aged 38.\n\nSGT CHARLES **BURROWS** (Massachusetts State Guards), born on December 31, 1892, was killed in an automobile accident on October 1, 1918. He played for the Needham YMC Cricket Club, Mass.\n\nCharles Thomas Burrows actually died on January 10, 1919. It is a mystery why his brief obituary should have appeared in _Wisden_ with the incorrect date of death and the error of \"YMC\" which should be YMCA.\n\nThe _Needham Chronicle_ of January 18, 1919, carried a report of the accident, which happened on the previous Friday evening when Burrows was a passenger in a friend's car that was hit by a train while they were driving to weekly guard drill. The accident occurred in Needham at a level crossing near a notorious blind curve, and it is surmised that noise from the high winds and glare from the icy conditions prevented the car and train drivers from seeing or hearing each other until it was too late. The driver was injured, but Burrows was killed.\n\nThe report states simply that \"he was a member of the cricket club\"; the Young Men's Christian Association cricket club was associated at that time with the Methodist Church. In the 1880s, Needham had been the cricket capital of Massachusetts, and the Albion team, for which Burrows's father Abimelech played, were the East Coast champions. Most of the players came originally from the East Midlands, having been driven to America, where they set up knitting businesses, by the industrialisation of the British textile industry.\n\nFor a generation, Needham Heights was more English in character than the rest of town, and was famous for numerous cricket teams of varying levels: the mills had house teams, the neighbourhoods had pick-up teams, some of the local organisations had teams, and players turned out for several. There were also more formal state league teams, and the better teams, Albion and Highlandville, played at the championship level. The mill owners purchased land for use as a ground, which is still known as Cricket Field although it now hosts soccer and baseball. Cricket began to fade out after 1915, as the new immigrants were mostly Italian and Polish\/Russian.\n\nBurrows was born and raised in Needham, the son of Abimelech and Louise; he had married Marion Chapman in August 1916. His younger brother Robert died of pneumonia a month after him while in the service in France on February 15, 1919; his body was returned to Needham in 1922 and his name is on the town's war memorial that was dedicated in 1935, but that of Charles is not on the monument. His older brother William, who also served in the state guard, lived in Needham until his death in 1978 aged 94.\n\nBurrows was a supply sergeant for Company E, 13th Regiment, Massachusetts State Guards. He was an active member in the Methodist Episcopal Church and a superintendent of its Sunday School. He was a member of the local Odd Fellows Lodge, and secretary of the local Liberty Loan and United War Work committees. He was employed as a buyer for the William Carter Company, knitters, which is now an international maker of children's wear. The _Needham Chronicle_ report concluded: \"Sgt Burrows was an example of the best type of the young man of today, always cheerful, ever ready to help, and of the most upright character... In business life, he was a capable and careful worker. His immediate prospects were very bright.\" The State Cricket Association sent a floral tribute in the form of three stumps, one broken.\n\nLT GEOFFREY CLIFFORD **CALVERT** (KOYLI), born on April 1, 1894, died of illness in France on January 15, aged 24. He was educated at Sedbergh, where he was in the Eleven.\n\n_The Times_ reported that he was the secretary of the Leeds Chamber of Commerce, and died at a casualty clearing station of typhoid and pneumonia. He was the third of four brothers to die on active service: Reginald, the eldest, died of wounds in July 1916, and Cyril was reported missing after the first gas attack at Ypres in April 1915; the third, Eric, who won the MC, was badly wounded in July 1917. Geoffrey Clifford, the youngest, was invalided home early in 1916 after a particularly trying spell of service in the flooded trenches of the Ypres Salient and spent six months in hospital in London. He never recovered sufficiently to be fit for service on the line again, but he returned to France and did duty in a forward area until he contracted the illness that caused his death. All the brothers played rugby football: Geoffrey played three-quarter for the Headingley Rugby Club and represented Yorkshire in 1913 and 1914, scoring five tries against Lancashire at Kirkstall.\n\nLT HUGH PATTERSON **DYMORE-BROWN** (5th Royal Berks Regt), died from pneumonia following influenza on February 21, aged 22. He was in the Reading College XI.\n\nHe was wounded in 1916 and relinquished his commission \"on account of ill-health caused by wounds\" ( _LG_ , Feb 1, 1918). He is buried at St Peter's Churchyard, Earley, Reading.\n\nSPR RONALD FREDERICK **EASTERBROOK** (Canadian Inland Water Transport, RE, Mesopotamia Expeditionary Force), died of heart failure in the Military Hospital at Bombay on April 12, aged 49. He had played in the XI whilst at Dulwich College. At rugby football he was half-back for London Scottish 1889\u201396, and had played for Scotland v France.\n\n**CAPT BERTRAM SUTTON **EVANS** (HMS Europa) died at Paris on March 2, aged 46. He was born at Charterhouse, Godalming, Surrey, on December 17, 1872; his father was Assistant Master at the school. A right-hand bat, he played two matches for Hampshire in 1900 and three in 1909; he also played for the Royal Navy and United Services Portsmouth in non-fc games, but his cricket was restricted by his naval career. He was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order ( _LG_ , Jan 6, 1911) following the visit of the Duke of Connaught to South Africa in November 1910 to represent the King at the opening of the first Parliament of the Union of South Africa, when the cruiser HMS _Pandora_ , captained by Evans, fired a salute. During the war, Evans was captain of the _Macedonia_ from 1914, of _Implacable_ in 1917 and _Leviathan_ in 1918. He was appointed captain of _Europa_ on January 13, 1919, but died of influenza while on his way to assume command. He is buried at the City of Paris Cemetery, Pantin.\n\n**GNR HAROLD DESMOND **GOLD-SMITH** (NZ Field Artillery) died at Edinburgh on February 12, aged 30. He was born at Tauranga Bay, Bay of Plenty, NZ, on July 17, 1888, when his surname was Goldsmith. He played a single match for Hawke's Bay against Wellington at Wellington in March 1906. He is buried at Edinburgh (Comely Bank) Cemetery.\n\nMAJOR THOMAS HENRY FIELDER **JOHNSON** (Dorset Regt), who died of pneumonia on March 9, aged 39, was a member of the Bradfield College XI in 1898, when he scored 114 runs with an average of 10.36.\n\nHe was awarded the DSO. He is buried at All Saints' Churchyard, Mundesley, Norfolk. A brother, Capt Edward Fielder Johnson, was killed on December 6, 1917, aged 36, and is named on the Mundesley war memorial, but Thomas is not; the family lived at Mundesley House.\n\nLT MAYNARD MANSFIELD **KNIGHT** (Indian Labour Corps), who died of pneumonia on January 28, aged 41, was in the Lancing Eleven in 1894 and 1895. In the former year he headed both batting and bowling, but in 1895 failed to fulfil the promise he then showed.\n\nHe was born at Bobbing in Kent and after his schooldays at Lancing he became a tea planter in Ceylon and Southern India. He is buried in Baghdad War Cemetery.\n\n**LT HUGH **LOGAN** (Leics Yeomanry) died at Tournai, Belgium, on February 24, aged 33. He was born at East Langton, Market Harborough, Leics, on May 10, 1885; his father, John William, was Liberal MP for Market Harborough and served as president of Leicestershire CCC. Logan was educated at Westminster School, where he was in the Eleven in 1902 and 1903, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he appeared only in the Freshmen's match. A right-hand bat, he played a single match for Leicestershire against the Gentlemen of Philadelphia at Aylestone Road, Leicester, in August 1903; he had made his mark exactly a year earlier on the same ground when he top-scored with 63 when opening the batting for Leicestershire Public Schools against the Gentlemen of Leicester. Logan followed in his father's footsteps as a railway engineer; his father had moved to the county in 1876 to supervise a railway contract, and gave the village of East Langton a cricket ground. After service with the Yeomanry in France and Flanders, Logan was attached to the 271st Railway Constructional Company, Royal Engineers. Tournai was in German hands from the first days of the war until three days before the Armistice; a casualty clearing station, where Logan died from pneumonia, was based there from November 14, 1918, until July 20, 1919. He is buried at Tournai Communal Cemetery Allied Extension; his name is on the roll of honour at Lord's.\n\nLT ALFRED J. **LYLE** (King's Liverpool Regt, Liverpool Scottish) died of illness contracted on active service on February 26. He was one of the best-known members of the Greenock CC.\n\nHis name is not on the CWGC site. _LG_ , Feb 21, 1918, recorded: \"Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders. Lt A. J. Lyle resigns his commission on account of ill-health contracted on active service, and is granted the hon. rank of Lt.\" His name is among over 1,500 on the Greenock war memorial, and in the tribute book published in 1924 which contains these words: \"Ten years have passed since the flame of war scorched across the face of Europe. Fire fuses what it does not destroy, and the fire of war fused all our people together into one solid, united, determined whole.\n\n\"A new spirit was abroad in the land. Men looked into each other's eyes and saw that they were brothers. For the first time many realised that they were citizens of one great Commonwealth, owing duties as well as possessing rights.\n\n\"A great ideal began to shape and form in men's minds: an ideal of Peace; of a world where the Spirit of Love would be enthroned above the Spirit of Hate; of a country where men and women might live and laugh and love without fear or bitterness, where little children might grow up in the sunshine, where the shadow of war might no more darken the lives of a peaceful and contented people. Only by such unity of purpose as we maintained during the War can such an ideal be attained. Given such unity, such recognition of duties as well as rights, such realisation of our common brotherhood, and no bounds can be set to the limits of our progress along the road of happiness. The grass grows greenest where the fire has passed. Just a little forbearance, a little charity, a little tenderness for those less fortunate than ourselves, a little of the comradeship that helped our fighting men through the stress and storm of warfare on land and sea, will make the grass grow greener and the sun shine more brightly in this dear country of ours that has been bought for us anew by the blood of those who fought and died. So, perhaps, we may make it at the end almost worthy of the price that was paid to keep it free.\"\n\n*PTE RALPH LESLIE **MELVILLE** (15th Canadian Infantry), born May 12, 1885, died in France of pneumonia following influenza on March 4. He was a useful all-round member of the Merion CC, of Philadelphia.\n\nHe played in a first-class match for Gentlemen of Philadelphia against the touring Australians at Haverford in June 1913, and in many Halifax Cup games for Belmont and Merion between 1907 and 1917. He is buried at Terlincthun British Cemetery, Boulogne. His name is on the CWGC site with the incorrect initials R. I.\n\nCAPT RICHARD CROKE **MORGAN** (Asst Labour Commandant) died of septic pneumonia on February 18, aged 35. Was in the Winchester Eleven of 1902, when he scored 147 runs with an average of 10.50. At Oxford he did not obtain his Blue, but he played for University College.\n\nMiD. He is buried in the churchyard of St Mary the Virgin, Buckland, Surrey.\n\nLT ROBERT EDWARD **O'BRIEN** (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), who died on February 20, aged 19, was in the Eleven whilst at Bradfield, and in 1917 was captain of Sandhurst. He was an all-round cricketer.\n\nA brother, Dermot, was killed on September 26, 1917, aged 20; they are remembered on a brass plaque in St Nicholas Church, Chislehurst, Kent, and on the family grave in the churchyard.\n\nLT JAMES SEPTIMUS **PUNCHARD** (KORL Regt) died in a nursing home at Bournemouth on April 2, aged 43. He had been gassed and badly wounded in the thigh at St Jean, and died of pulmonary tuberculosis. In 1892 he was a member of the Sedbergh School XI, and he played subsequently for Preston, Kirkby Lonsdale, Blackpool, Northern Nomads, and Lancaster, for the last-mentioned ten years.\n\nHe is buried in the churchyard of St Mary, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland.\n\n*PTE JAMES WILLIAM **ROTHERY** , born at Staincliffe on September 5, 1877, died in Leeds Hospital on June 2, as the result of wounds received whilst serving with the East Kent Regiment. He played for Yorkshire from 1903 until 1910, his highest innings being 161 v Kent at Dover in 1908, 134 v Derbyshire at Chesterfield in 1910, and 118 v Hampshire at Bournemouth in 1905.\n\nAn article in the _Harrogate Herald_ of January 16, 1918, under the heading \"Chats with the Wounded\" stated: \"Private J. Rothery, of the Buffs, who is in the Heatherdene Hospital with shrapnel wounds in the left shoulder, is expecting to have to undergo another operation with respect to the arm. Members of Private Rothery's family have learnt recently that it was first practically decided when he was admitted to hospital in the South that the arm would have to come off, and then one of the doctors thought that it could be saved, with the result that Private Rothery is still in possession of the limb and likely to remain so. The impending operation appears to be a local one and does not involve the arm itself. It is full early yet to venture an opinion as to whether the erstwhile Yorkshire county cricketer will be able, when the war is over, to take up again an active part in league cricket \u2013 he played latterly in the Durham League \u2013 but he hopes, at any rate, to act as coach, and if fuller powers are denied him Rothery would certainly take up the role of coach with every prospect of doing exceedingly well at it. It is hoped, however, that he may have the use of his injured arm for more active work in the cricket field for a few years, anyhow.\"\n\nMAJOR GEORGE FREDERICK CORTLAND **SHAKESPEAR** , DSO, MC (88th Carnatic Infantry) died of pneumonia on February 24, aged 29. He was a member of the Wellington Eleven in 1907 and 1908, when, without doing anything remarkable, he proved himself to be a useful all-round performer. He was twice mentioned in Despatches.\n\n**COL FRANK GRAHAM **SMALLWOOD** (General Staff, Asst Director Ordnance Services, Southern Command, formerly RA) died at Poona, India, on December 30, aged 52. He was born at Calcutta on February 10, 1867, and educated at Rugby School. He played a single fc match for Europeans against Parsees at Bombay in August 1893; he also played for Madras against Lord Hawke's XI which toured Ceylon and India in 1892-93. He served in the Sikkim Expedition 1888 and Chitral 1895. He was appointed a Commander of the Victorian Order for his work in connection with the Coronation Durbar Camp at Delhi ( _LG_ , Dec 15, 1911). He died suddenly of heart failure at King George's Hospital, Poona; his name is on the Kirkee Memorial in India.\n\nBREVET MAJOR NORMAN WALTER **STEVENS** (RAMC), who died of pneumonia in Colaba Military Hospital in Bombay, on July 27, aged 31, had captained the Eleven both at Norwich Grammar School and Edinburgh University, and had appeared for Norfolk.\n\nHe graduated in 1910 and entered the RAMC in July 1912, being promoted to captain in March 1915 and to Brevet Major on June 3, 1917. He is named on the Kirkee Memorial in India.\n\n*2ND LT JAMES HUGH EDENDALE **WHITEHEAD** (Royal West Kent Regt), died on March 13, aged 28, of illness contracted on active service. At Clifton College he became a good batsman, a useful leg-break bowler and a very good field. In 1909, when he had a batting average of 28.27 for the side, he scored 70 and 58 v Rugby. For the Freshmen at Oxford in 1910 he made 17 and 57, and two years later was captain of Trinity. Subsequently he played for Old Cliftonians, Oxford Authentics, MCC, Band of Brothers and Kent 2nd XI. He was brother of the late Mr G. W. E. Whitehead, of Clifton and Kent.\n\nHis brother (qv), was killed on October 17, 1918. James had contracted a severe illness from the hardship of the winter of 1914-15 and was invalided out of the Royal West Kent Regt in 1916, but with his health undermined he was unable to resist an attack of influenza. He is buried in the family vault in the churchyard of St Michael's, Wilmington, Kent.\n\nMAJOR HAROLD FRANCIS **WILLCOCKS** (RFA), who died in the Royal Herbert Hospital, Woolwich, on May 7, aged 28, was in the Radley XI from 1907 to 1909, and played subsequently for Berkshire and in the RA XI. In 1914 he was awarded the Croix de Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.\n\nHe is buried at Charlton Cemetery, Greenwich.\n**DEATHS IN 1920**\n\n**CAPT JAMES OSMUND **AIRY** (1 Bn, Manchester Regt) died of wounds at Flatts, Co Cork, on July 21, aged 36. He was born at King's Norton, Warwickshire, on May 18, 1884, and was educated at Repton and Sandhurst. He played six matches for Europeans between September 1905 and September 1908. In November 1904, he took part in non-fc inter-port matches in Hong Kong. He served in the Indian Army from 1903 to 1909, and during the war saw four years of continuous service in Gallipoli, Egypt, France and Belgium. He was posted to Ireland in October 1919 and in July 1920 was in charge of half a company of about 50 men of the Manchesters at Ballincollig. On July 20, he was in a lorry carrying provisions when it was ambushed by the IRA and he was shot in the abdomen; a private also died of his wounds. A local priest, reporting hearsay, later wrote in _Green Tears for Hecuba_ : \"There was a captain in charge, which was strange as a captain's command was usually a full company. A dead man lay in the cab. On his shoulder straps gleamed the triple rosettes of a captain of infantry. What business he had to be there on that fateful day is shrouded in mystery. A story was current at the time that he had incurred the displeasure of the townspeople in his short stay in Fermoy, because of an indiscretion with a young local girl, and that the military authorities, fearing a reprisal, had sent him on an enforced holiday [to Ballincollig] for the time being.\" Airy is buried at Cork Military Cemetery.\n\n**BREVET LT-COL HUGH FERGUSON **MONTGOMERY** (Royal Marine Light Infantry) died of wounds at Bray, Co Dublin, on December 10, aged 40. He was born at Umbala, Bengal, on May 6, 1880, and was a cousin of Field Marshal Montgomery. He was educated at Marlborough, where he was in the Eleven in 1897 and 1898. He played 12 matches for Somerset between 1901 and 1909, three games for MCC and one for the Gentlemen of England, with his final match being for the Royal Navy against the Army at Lord's in May 1912; in all 17 fc matches his highest score was 50, against Sussex at Hove in 1904, and he took five wickets. Following his distinguished wartime service, during which he was awarded the CMG and DSO and was mentioned in Despatches six times, he was seconded to the Army in 1920 during the Irish War of Independence. He was among the officers, police and civilians who were shot by IRA gunmen on Bloody Sunday, November 21; 14 men were killed that morning and Montgomery's subsequent death brought the number of victims to 15. Some 1,000 troops escorted his body to Dublin docks on a gun carriage and he was buried at Brompton Cemetery, London, with full military honours.]\n\n*CAPT HOWARD RODERICK **PARKES** , who died at Studland, Dorset, on May 28, from the effects of gas poisoning contracted on active service in France while with the RGA, was in the Uppingham XI in 1894 and two following years. He was a capital batsman, and in his last season played a good not-out innings of 130 v Incogniti. At Oxford he played for the Freshmen and Seniors and in trial games, but did not obtain his Blue. In 1900 he assisted London County. From 1897 to 1900 he represented Oxford in the hurdles against Cambridge.\n\nHe was born at Erdington, Birmingham, on May 31, 1877, and went from Uppingham to Christ Church, Oxford. He played in a two-day match for the Gentlemen of Surrey against the Gentlemen of the Netherlands at Richmond in August 1894, and in games for Surrey 2nd XI from 1896; in his last game against Glamorgan at The Oval in June 1900 in the Minor Counties Championship, he scored 45 and 64. He played a single match for Warwickshire against Leicestershire at Grace Road, Leicester, in August 1898, and in six matches for W. G. Grace's London County in 1900. In November 1904, he took part in non-fc inter-port matches in Hong Kong; at the time he was a trooper in the Shanghai Light Horse. Although _Wisden_ repeated an obituary in _The Times_ stating that he died from the effects of gas poisoning, he had been forced to relinquish his commission in March 1919 because of tuberculosis, contracted on active service. Because of confusion over his illness, his name was not added to the CWGC roll of honour until November 1910. He is buried at Molesey Cemetery, Surrey.\n\n**2ND LT ARTHUR THOMAS **SANDERS** (3 Bn, Grenadier Guards) died at the Millbank Military Hospital, Westminster, London, on November 22, aged 19. He was born at London on December 21, 1900, and educated at Harrow where he headed the batting averages in 1918, totalling 216 runs in 12 innings with a highest score of 57 not out. In July 1919, Somerset played Essex at Leyton and Sanders went in with the score on 372 for seven and was bowled by Scoulding for a duck. He left Sandhurst on July 15, 1920, and died in November a month before his 20th birthday. Burdened by betting debts, he shot himself in the head with a revolver in his quarters at the Tower of London; he is buried in Brompton Cemetery. The coroner at the inquest concluded: \"He evidently started betting at Sandhurst \u2013 a very foolish thing \u2013 but young men often did foolish things. He kept his trouble to himself, like most Englishmen, not wishing probably to distress his parents, who would no doubt have helped him had they been asked. He probably brooded over his trouble in the night watches, and shot himself.\" The coroner recorded a verdict of \"suicide whilst of unsound mind\". His father was Sir Robert Arthur Sanders, who was Conservative MP for Bridgwater, Somerset, from 1910 to 1923, and for Wells from 1924 to 1929, and was a Government minister. He was created a baronet in the 1920 New Year Honours and raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Bayford in 1929; on his death in 1940 the title became extinct as a result of his only son's suicide.\n\n**CAPT JOHN BARNES **SPARKS** (Royal Navy) died at Marylebone, London, on March 29, aged 46. He was born at Morar, India, on May 31, 1873. He captained the Royal Navy side which lost to the Army at Lord's in June 1913 by ten wickets. He was mentioned in Despatches for his services on a destroyer on convoy, escort and patrol duties between July and November 1918, and appointed CBE on December 31, 1918, in recognition of his valuable services rendered in connection with the war. He is buried at Brompton Cemetery, London; his name is on the roll of honour at Lord's.\n**DEATHS IN 1921**\n\n**LT ALFRED STUART **DALLAS** (RA) drowned at Secunderabad, India, on January 30, aged 25. He was born at Kasauli, India, on August 25, 1895, and educated at Charterhouse where he was in the Eleven in 1912 and 1913. He played for Europeans against Indians at Madras in December 1920, scoring 52 and 45 and taking three for 96. He was commissioned into the Royal Horse and Royal Field Artillery in November 1914 and was awarded the MC. He is buried at Trimulgherry Cantonment Cemetery and his name is on the Madras War Memorial at Chennai and the roll of honour at Lord's.\n\n*HAROLD **MEAD** , son of Walter Mead, died at Epping in April, at the early age of 25. He played for Essex occasionally before the War. Whilst serving with the Essex Regiment he was wounded severely in 1915, and it cannot be said that he ever really recovered. {W1922}\n\nHe was born at Walthamstow, Essex, on June 13, 1895, and died on April 13, 1921. A right-hand bat and slow left-arm bowler, he made his debut for Essex against Derbyshire at Leyton in May 1913, playing alongside his father, as he did in his subsequent game against Middlesex at Lord's at the end of May. It was the last season for Walter Mead, who was a _Wisden_ Cricketer of the Year in 1904. Harold played two more County Championship matches for Essex in 1914.\n**DEATHS IN 1922**\n\n*MAJOR HESKETH VERNON HESKETH **PRICHARD** , DSO, MC, FRGS, FZS, born in India on November 17, 1876, died at Gorhambury, near St Albans, on June 14. He learned his cricket at Fettes and afterwards played successfully for Hampshire, MCC, the Gentlemen and other prominent teams. As a fast bowler he was most useful, his deliveries getting up very quickly from the pitch. For Hampshire he obtained 222 wickets for 23.11 runs each, and he was probably at his best in 1904 when, in all first-class matches, he took 106 wickets for an average of 21.92. He assisted the Gentlemen in 1903 and two following seasons, and took part in a couple of tours, visiting the West Indies with Lord Brackley in 1904-05 and America as a member of the MCC team in 1907. When Kent were set 131 to win v MCC at Lord's in 1904, Hesketh Prichard took six wickets for 23 runs, the innings closing for 97. Half the side were out for 12, and he dismissed C. H. B. Marsham, Hardinge and Murrell without a run between them. For Hampshire he claimed 13 wickets for 78 runs v Derbyshire at Southampton in 1905, and six for 18 v Worcestershire at Worcester in 1912. For MCC v Gentlemen of Philadelphia at Haverford in 1907 he did the hat-trick. He was well-known as a traveller and author, and during the war carried out responsible duties and was twice mentioned in Despatches.\n\n_The Times_ headlined its report of his death \"Sniping expert of the war\", and described how \"he raised the standard of marksmanship throughout the Army in France until the German sniper was outclassed\". He had been badly gassed, and this contributed to his death as it affected the immune system.\n\n*LT-COL DYSON BROCK **WILLIAMS** , who died in London on April 18, aged 40, appeared on a few occasions for Glamorganshire.\n\nBob Harragan wrote of him in the _Cricket Statistician_ (No. 52, Winter 1985): \"Dyson Williams was a delayed casualty of World War One. On April 18, 1922, he was found dead in his London office; verdict suicide. The huge change in Williams's character was caused by the horrors of the Ypres Salient. Before the war he was a trusted, steady solicitor. He came back a shattered man.\"\n\nAlthough Williams was said to be 40 when he died, Harragan discovered he was actually born in 1877. He went to Malvern and enjoyed country-house cricket at the Bransby Williams family home, Killay House, Swansea, wearing a panama hat to cover his baldness. [He later changed his name to Brock Williams by deed poll.] He was a prominent member of the Public School Nondescripts \u2013 a wandering side who played leading Welsh clubs in the 1890s and 1900s. He made his Glamorgan debut in 1901.\n\n\"He played in nearly all the county matches of 1914, although the last two were cancelled because of the outbreak of the War. Williams joined up straight away, joining the Swansea Battalion of the Welch Regiment. He was head of the battalion when they had their baptism of fire in the horror of the Mametz Wood in 1916. There followed Ypres, the Battle of Pilkem in 1917, and the grand offensive at the end of the year. In 1919 Williams, a lieutenant-colonel with the DSO, marched into Swansea at the head of his men, colours flying. But the man who presented those colours to the Mayor was not the same man who had marched away. He had been badly wounded in one lung on the Somme. The solicitors' office had been run down by the absence of him and his brother. One of his fellow officers, Major Arnold Wilson, explained: 'He was highly strung with a nervous temperament, and the war used him up more than it did men of a quieter disposition.' Williams was back with Glamorgan for the few matches they played in 1919 and 1920. But his private life was in turmoil. He invested his money in Welsh aviation. The project flopped. He was gambling unwisely.\"\n\nWilliams played in the last match of Glamorgan's first County Championship season of 1921, against Hampshire at Cardiff; he scored five and nine, and Glamorgan, dismissed for 37 and 114, lost by an innings inside two days. He became a close friend of French boxer Georges Carpentier and went to London to work for a boxing promoter after resigning from his position as Glamorgan's Hon Treasurer in 1921. He was also a musician and poet, writing under the names of Florian and Florian Brock.\n\n\"Then his world fell in. His mother died. A confirmed bachelor, he told a friend he felt 'desolate'. A month later, he was bankrupt. He blamed his financial failure on inadequate army pay, the expense of managing the family firm while he and his brother were away, gambling losses and interest on borrowed money... He went to Belgium and played the casinos. He wrote to Wilson: 'I have at last struck a bit of luck, just when apparently things were hopeless. I shall be able to pay you back what you have let me have.' Wilson had that letter on April 19. The day before, the charlady went to clean the London office. She found the room full of gas, Williams slumped to the floor. The gas stove had two taps fully turned on.\"\n\nAt the inquest, which was adjourned for fresh evidence, it was stated that he had not won 30,000 francs at a casino in Boulogne, although an entry for that sum was found in a paying-in book. The coroner considered it was \"a sort of camouflaged suicide\" and the jury returned a verdict of \"suicide while of unsound mind\".\n\nDavid Frith repeats Harragan's research in _Silence of the Heart_ , concluding: \"The 45-year-old solicitor\u2013soldier\u2013cricketer was yet another belated victim of the horrendous European conflict.\"\n**DEATHS IN 1923**\n\n*MR HENRY **BROUGHAM** , born at Wellington College on July 8, 1888, died at La Croix, after an illness of five years, on February 18. He was in the Wellington XI three seasons, being captain in 1907, and in 1911, when he obtained his Blue for Oxford, played a free and attractive innings of 84 against Cambridge. Commencing in 1905, he did many good things for Berkshire, among his best scores being 150 v Carmarthen at Reading in 1911, 138 v Devon at Exeter in 1910, and 122 v Buckinghamshire at Reading in 1911. At rugby football he played for the Harlequins and also represented England against Wales, Ireland, Scotland and France. At rackets, too, he was well above the average, being second string for Oxford in 1908 and first in 1909. During the War he served in France 1915\u201317 with the Royal Field Artillery, and was then invalided out [in 1917] with the rank of major.\n\nThe notice of his death in _The Times_ stated that his long illness was \"heroically borne\" and was the result of active service; an obituary acclaimed him as \"a very charming personality and a really great all-round athlete\".\n\nMAJOR CONWAY VICTOR **FISHER-ROWE** , MC, born on July 6, 1881, died in a nursing-home at Guildford on April 11. A steady batsman who could cut well, and a good field at mid-off, he was in the Eton XI in 1898, when he scored 22 and four v Harrow, and did not bat against Winchester. A year later he was in the RMC XI, making 17 and 15 in the match with Woolwich. Later he played for the Household Brigade and in much Regimental cricket. He took part in both the South African and the Great Wars, and, serving in the latter with the Grenadier Guards, and on the Staff, was wounded three times and mentioned in Despatches three times.\n\nHis obituary in _The Times_ told how he was badly wounded in the thigh at Neuve-Chapelle in 1915 when he won the MC, was badly gassed three times \u2013 and three times recommended for the DSO \u2013 while the shell \"which finally knocked him out\" two weeks before the end of the war \"left him impaired in health\". The tribute continues: \"He came of sterling, fighting stock, and through every fibre of him thrilled that sense of honour, duty and friendship which is still proudly spoken of as \"British\"... His name is among the list of century-makers on many a club pavilion wall in the country; and his feats as a sportsman (in every sense) will long be spoken of. But the memory of his simple English heart will assuredly endure longest, and help others to live as simply and as well.\" Two brothers died in the war, Lt-Col Laurence Rowe Fisher-Rowe in March 1915, aged 48, and Commander Seymour Fisher-Rowe in February 1916, aged 39.\n\n*CAPT ERIC JESSER **FULCHER** , born at Ashford, in Kent, on March 12, 1890, died at Pilstone Court, near Chepstow, as the result of a gun accident, on February 13. A capital all-round cricketer, he was in the Radley XI in 1906 and 1907, played for Norfolk from 1910, and was a member of the MCC team which visited the Argentine in 1911-12. Perhaps the best innings of his career was his 126 for Norfolk v MCC at Lord's, in 1914, when he had the bowling of Mignon and Astill to contend with. At Trent Bridge in 1910 he scored 83 in 35 minutes against Notts 2nd XI. He was a good, free-hitting batsman and a splendid fieldsman.\n\nHe was a Capt in 2 Bn, Royal West Kent Regt, in the war. A brief report appeared in _The Times_ under the headline \"Cricketer found dead\" which stated: \"He had been shooting rabbits. The trigger of the gun caught in a twig and he received fatal wounds in the head.\" David Frith in _Silence of the Heart_ lists Fulcher among \"a number of lesser-known cricketers who have shot themselves in what were deemed to be accidents\".\n\nMR ARTHUR **HOWARD** , who died at Little Common, Bexhill, on September 11, aged 38, from wounds received in France in March 1917, whilst serving with the 17th Bn Royal Fusiliers, was in the Haileybury XI in 1902 and two following seasons, in 1903 heading the batting averages \u2013 he was left-handed \u2013 with 25.66. At Oxford he scored 12 and nought in the Freshmen's match of 1905 and 59 not out in the Seniors' in 1908.\n\nHe was born on May 25, 1885, a son of Sir Ebenezer Howard who was a founder of the Garden City Movement. From Haileybury, Arthur went to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1904. A Lt in the Royal Fusiliers, he was severely wounded at the Somme in 1917. He is buried at St Mark's Churchyard, Little Common, Bexhill, Sussex.\n**DEATH IN 1924**\n\nLT-COL THOMAS BYRNE **SELLAR** , CMG, DSO, who died at Southampton on April 11, took part in much military cricket, and for King's Own Scottish Borderers v Cawnpore Gymkhana at Cawnpore early in 1899 scored 101 in his first innings and 139 in his second.\n\nHe served with the KOSB in India and then, without authorisation, went to the South African War and was one of the last men to enter Ladysmith before the siege. By then he had already been warned that he should retire from the Army because of a weak heart. However, at the start of the Great War he managed to persuade the medical authorities that he could take part, and he commanded a battalion at Loos in September 1915, at the Somme and at the Battle of Arras in April 1916, at which point, having received the DSO and CMG and been MiD in every action, his health broke down. His obituary in _The Times_ stated: \"When the doctors came to examine him they were amazed to find that a man in such a state of health had been able to carry on for a week. To his intense annoyance he was now invalided out of the Army.\" Undaunted, he joined the National Service Department and just before the Armistice was sent to Ireland on a recruiting mission. Born in 1878 and therefore in his mid-forties when he died, it perhaps cannot be said that it was the war that shortened his life, given his precarious health. But the obituary gives a hint of the memories that haunted all who experienced the heat of battle: \"His last years in Wales and Scotland and in Hampshire were happy, for he found in the company of his children, to whom he was devoted, a means to forget the constant menace of death.\"\n**DEATH IN 1925**\n\n*MAJOR REGINALD OWEN **EDWARDS** , born on October 17, 1881, died at Bishop's Stortford, on November 16. A great cricketing enthusiast, Major Edwards went to big matches in any part of the country whenever possible, and had a large circle of intimate friends among county cricketers. A Yorkshireman, he supported the champions zealously without undue prejudice; his chief interests for many years were largely in the South. He played occasionally for Norfolk and Cambridgeshire, and in 1921 for Rest of England v Royal Air Force at Eastbourne. He played for the MCC in Germany in 1922, for Incogniti in Holland, and often captained Surrey Club and Ground in recent seasons. He spent a considerable time in Africa, and years ago found solace during solitary days up country reading _Wisden_ , to which he frequently contributed. During the war he was gassed badly, and in a later expedition to Southern Russia he lost all his baggage except his set of _Wisden_ , which accompanied him on all his travels. Major Edwards never tired of retailing stories of first-class cricketers.\n\nHe served from 1914\u201320 as a captain in the Army Cyclist Corps and the King's Royal Rifle Corps, and as major in the Royal Engineers.\n**DEATH IN 1937**\n\nMR ROBERT JEPHSON **HILARY** , died on March 15 of pneumonia, an illness due, probably, to the effect of a bullet through his lung during the war. He played in the Tonbridge School Eleven three years, 1910\u201312, doing well with bat and ball. Going up to St John's College, Cambridge, he played in the Freshmen's match of 1913 but did not have a chance in the Eleven. He became an assistant master at Westminster School in 1913, and was housemaster of \"Bushby's\" at the time of his death \u2013 aged 44.\n\nHe was a 2nd Lt in 3 Bn, East Kent Regt ( _LG_ June 25, 1915). A brother, Henry Jephson (qv), died of wounds in France on June 2, 1917, aged 42.\n**DEATH IN 1977**\n\n*KENNETH **HARDING** , died on November 30, 1977, aged 85. A member of the XI at St Edward's, Oxford, he lost part of his right hand in World War I, but even with this handicap made so many runs for Eastbourne that in 1928 he played three matches for Sussex and against Essex at Leyton scored 55 not out. {W1979}\n**DEATHS IN 1978**\n\nWILLIAM NICHOLLS **ROE** , MC, died at Henley-on-Thames on September 22, aged 79. A member of the Eton XI in 1916, he was severely wounded in the war, but despite this handicap he played with considerable success for Buckinghamshire and in 1924 scored 115 for them against Bedfordshire. He was for many years a master at Eton, where he succeeded R. A. Young in charge of the cricket. He was son of the well-known Cambridge Blue and Somerset cricketer, W. N. Roe.\n\nHe was a captain in the Coldstream Guards and was awarded the MC and Bar.\n\n*GORDON HEDLEY **SALMON** , died at Exmouth on June 13, aged 83. He played a good deal for Leicestershire from 1913 to 1924 as a batsman. So badly wounded in his left arm during the Great War that it was doubtful whether he would ever be able to play again, he recovered sufficiently to do much useful work for the county, though he was never able to play regularly. His highest score was 72 v Glamorgan at Swansea in 1921. From 1940 to 1946 he was Leicestershire's representative at Lord's.\n**MEN WHO PLAYED FIRST-CLASS CRICKET AND WHO ARE COMMEMORATED BY THE COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION**\n\n*Denotes no obituary in _Wisden_ (although all have an obituary in this book)\n\nListed by chronological order of death\n\nCompiled by Steve Western\n\nFirst-Class Cricketers Decorated for Gallantry 1914\u20131920\n\nCompiled by Mike Spurrier\n\n\\+ Killed in action, or died of wounds \/ illness\n\n* Bar\n\nF. H. ADSHEAD | Worcs | 26.5.1917 | MC\n\n---|---|---|---\n\nR. B. AIREY | Hants | 3.6.1916 | DSO\n\nG. W. A. ALEXANDER | Scotland | 18.7.1917 | MC\n\nH. S. ALTHAM | Oxford U, Surrey & Hants | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nA. W. ANGUS | Scotland | 15.2.1919 | DSO\n\nR. A. ANSTRUTHER | Europeans | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nA. S. ARCHDALE | Army & Services | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nG. ASHTON | Cambridge U & Worcs | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nH. ASHTON | Cambridge U, Burma & Essex | 1.2.1918 | MC\n\nP. ASHTON | Essex | 24.8.1918 | MC\n\nT. G. L. ASHWELL | Oxford U | 27.10.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n4.2.1918 | MC*\n\nE. A. AYLMER | RN | 22.1.1917 | DSC\n\nR. R. C. BAGGALLAY | Derbys | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1919 | DSO\n\n+H. P. BAILEY | Barbados | 25.8.1917 | MC\n\nJ. BAIN | Rhodesia | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nB. E. BAKER | RAF | 25.8.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n4.3.1918 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1919 | AFC\n\nW. D. BARBER | Notts | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\nJ. R. BARNES | Lancs | 18.7.1917 | MC\n\nHon R. G. BARNES | Oxford U | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nJ. D. BARNFATHER | Essex | 12.3.1919 | DCM\n\nG. BARRY | Services | 2.4.1919 | MC\n\n+A. C. BATEMAN | Ireland | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nC. W. BEART | Europeans | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nJ. N. BEASLEY | Northants | 17.4.1917 | MC\n\nA. W. B. BECHER | Gloucs & Europeans | 16.8.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n19.11.1917 | MC*\n\n+G. BELCHER | Hants | 18.2.1915 | MC\n\nG. F. BELL | Oxford U & Derbys | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nG. G. M. BENNETT | Oxford U | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nJ. E. BENINGFIELD | Natal | 15.2.19l9 | MC\n\nC. R. BENSTEAD | Cambridge U & RN | 24.9.1918 | MC\n\nG. L. BETHAM | Free Foresters & Europeans | 3.8.1920 | MC\n\nG. N. BIGNELL | Hants & Europeans | 13.2.1917 | MC\n\nL. G. BLACK | Hants & Canada | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nW. R. BLACKTON | Derbys | 2.4.1919 | MC\n\nR. N. R. BLAKER | Cambridge U & Kent | 2.4.1919 | MC\n\nC. H. B. BLOUNT | RAF & Services | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\nE. T. BODDAM | Tasmania | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\nH. H. BOND | Europeans | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nS. S. BONHAM-CARTER | RN | 22.7.1918 | DSO\n\nL. C. BOSTOCK | Army | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nC. BOUMPHREY | RAF | 12.7.1920 | DFC\n\nD. BOUMPHREY | Wales | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nJ. BOWSTEAD | Middlesex | 18.7.1918 | MC\n\nJ. L. BOYD | RN | 25.10.1916 | DSC\n\nD. A. BRETT | Roshanara Club & Visitors | 26.3.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n(8.5.1934 EGM later GC)\n\nG. P. BROOKE-TAYLOR | Cambridge U, Derbys & Argentine | 9.1.1918 | MC\n\nR. A. D. BROOKS | RN & Hants | 23.7.1918 | DSO\n\nR. C. BROOKS | Cambridge U | 15.2.1919 | MC\n\nW. T. BROOKS | HDG Leveson Gower's XI | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\nJ. H. BRUNSKILL | Dublin U & Ceylon | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nJ. L. BRYAN | Cambridge U, Kent & MCC | 2.12.1918 | MC\n\nJ. N. BUCHANAN | Cambridge U | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nE. T. BULLER | Army | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nF. W. BULLOCK-MARSHAM | MCC | 1.1.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nE. W. BURDETT | Europeans | 19.10.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n(20.12.1932 DSO)\n\nJ. W. BURDETT | Leics | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nF. H. BURNELL-NUGENT | Hants | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nB. F. BURNETT-HITCHCOCK | Surrey | 9.12.1914 | DSO\n\nM. B. BURROWS | Army, Oxford U & Surrey | 21.1.1920 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n21.1.1920 | DSO\n\nR. V. BUXTON | Oxford U & Middlesex | 15.2.1919 | DSO\n\nG. C. CAMPBELL | South Australia | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n19.11.1917 | MC*\n\nG. V. CAMPBELL | Surrey & Europeans | 18.2.1915 | MC\n\nH. G. CAMPBELL | RN | 23.7.1918 | DSO\n\nN. J. O. CARBUTT | Essex & Madras | 17.12.1916 | MC\n\nA. M. CARR | Worcs | 30.1.1920 | MC\n\nL. A. L. CARTER | Europeans | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nV. H. CARTWRIGHT | Notts | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nR. A. CASSELS | Europeans | 7.2.1918 | DSO\n\nA. H. S. CASWELL | RN | 7.8.1915 | DSC\n\nE. L. CHALLENOR | Barbados, Natal & Leics | 21.12.1916 | DSO\n\nR. C. J. CHICHESTER-CONSTABLE | Army, Yorks & MCC | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n(22.10.1940 DSO*)\n\nH. O. COKER | Rhodesia | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\n+L. G. COLBECK | Cambridge U, Middx & Europeans | 26.5.1917 | MC\n\nG. E. COLLETT | Gloucs | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nL. P. COLLINS | Oxford U & MCC | 8.5.1915 | DSO\n\nG. S. COOPER | Europeans | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nK. E. COOPER | Europeans | 29.10.1915 | MC\n\nW. O. COOPER | South Australia | 1.2.1919 | MC\n\nW. S. CORNWALLIS | Kent | 15.3.1916 | MC\n\nC. F. R. COWAN | Warwicks | 1.1.1919 | DSO\n\nS. A. COWPER | Rhodesia | 10.1.1917 | MC\n\nG. S. COX | Jamaica | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nR. H. CRAKE | Europeans & MCC | 7.2.1918 | DSO\n\nRev A. S. CRAWLEY | MCC | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n26.9.1917 | MC*\n\nP. E. F. CRESSALL | British Guiana (died in internment in Hong Kong during WW2) | 27.7.1918 | MC\n\nG. C. CROLE | Oxford U & Scotland | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nJ. E. CROOKES | Hants | 16.2.1918 | DCM\n\nH. E. CROSSE | Hawkes Bay | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nT. CUMING | Middlesex & Ceylon | 1.1.1916 | DSC\n\n+A. S. DALLAS | Europeans | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n25.8.1917 | MC*\n\nLORD DALMENY | Surrey & Scotland | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nG. M. C. DAVIDGE | Worcs | 26.9.1917 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n20.9.1918 | DSO*\n\nP. H. DAVIES | Oxford U & Sussex | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nH. H. de BURGH | Ireland & Europeans | 14.9.1917 | DSO\n\nM. C. DEMPSEY | Sussex | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n(11.6.1940 DSO)\n\nE. W. DENNY | Oxford U | 16.9.1918 | DSO\n\nW. V. D. DICKINSON | Army | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nM. R. DICKSON | Scotland | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nJ. G. DIXON | Essex | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nW. G. S. DOBBIE | Europeans | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nS. D. DOUGLAS-JONES | MCC | 23.6.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nC. E. DOUGLAS-PENNANT | RN | 8.3.1918 | DSC\n\n|  |\n\n(14.11.1944 DSO)\n\nG. S. DOWN | Victoria | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nC. F. DREW | South Australia | 1.1.1919 | MC\n\n+W. DRYSDALE | Europeans | 18.2.1915 | DSO\n\n+A. H. du BOULAY | Gloucs & Kent | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nG. A. I. DURY | Free Foresters & Army | 23.6.1915 | MC\n\nB. L. EDDIS | Army & Navy | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nC. W. EDWARDS | Gloucs | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nF. H. EDWARDS | Army in South Africa | 23.6.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n12.12.1919 | DSO\n\nG. J. EDWARDS | Essex | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nH. I. P. EDWARDS | Sussex | 3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nE. R. M. ENGLISH | Gloucs | 4.6.1918 | DSO\n\nA. J. EVANS | Oxford U, Kent & England | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n16.12.1919 | MC*\n\nD. McN. EVANS | Hants | 18.6.1917 | MC\n\nS. G. FAIRBAIRN | MCC | 2.4.1919 | MC\n\nF. L. FANE | Oxford U, Essex & England | 18.6.1917 | MC\n\nG. A. FAULKNER | Transvaal & South Africa | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nW. F. O. FAVIEL | Essex & Europeans | 25.8.1918 | DSO\n\nH. B. FAWCUS | Army & OFS | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nG. C. FIRBANK | Army & Services | 18.2.1918 | MC\n\nE. H. FITZHERBERT | Army | 23.6.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nF. FLEMING | London County | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nL. E. FLINT | Derbys | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nT. FORRESTER | Warwicks & Derbys | 3.6.1919 | DSO\n\n+H. T. FORSTER | Hants | 19.8.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n26.9.1917 | MC*\n\n|  |\n\n26.9.1917 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n18.9.1918 | DSO*\n\nN. J. A. FOSTER | Worcs & Malaya | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nR. St L. FOWLER | Army & Hants | 22.6.1918 | MC\n\nR. H. FOX | MCC & New Zealand | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nC. J. S. FRASER | Europeans | 2.4.1919 | MC\n\nHon E. G. FRENCH | MCC | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nE. J. FULCHER | Kent & MCC | 2.12.1918 | MC\n\nR. E. G. FULLJAMES | RAF | 18.10.1917 | MC\n\nH. A. FULTON | Worcs | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nH. GARDNER | Army | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nW. D. C. GARDOM | Argentine | 4.3.1918 | MC\n\nH. S. GARRATT | Worcs | 8.3.1919 | MC\n\nC. R. GILLETT | MCC | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nA. H. H. GILLIGAN | Sussex & England | 1.1.1919 | AFC\n\nE. S. GOODLAND | Somerset | 22.12.1916 | MC\n\nG. C. GOODLIFFE | Oxford U | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nH. M. GORRINGE | Sussex | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nO. B. GRAHAM | Free Foresters & Europeans | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\n+W. S. GRANT | Gloucs | 16.9.1918 | MC\n\nC. G. GRAVES | MCC | 31.1.1920 | MC\n\n+H. W. GREEN | Europeans | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nL. GREEN | Lancs | 23.4.1918 | MC\n\nM. A. GREEN | Gloucs, Essex & Europeans | 28.7.1918 | MC\n\nO. P. S. W. GREEN | Rhodesia | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\nN. M. GREGG | NSW | 24.9.1918 | MC\n\n+W. R. GREGORY | Ireland | 18.7.1917 | MC\n\nG. S. L. GREGSON-ELLIS | Europeans | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\nA. W. M. S. GRIFFIN | Cambridge U & Middlesex | 7.2.1919 | MC\n\nH. B. M. GROVES | Europeans | 19.11.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n18.2.1918 | MC*\n\nF. G. GUGGISBERG | MCC | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nN. E. HAIG | Middlesex & England | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nJ. H. HALL | Europeans | 26.9.1916 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n18.6.1917 | DSO*\n\nP. M. HALL | Oxford U & Hants | 7.2.1918 | MC\n\nW. S. HALLILEY | Europeans | 19.10.1916 | MC\n\nC. P. HANCOCK | Europeans | 26 May 1919 | MC\n\n+R. E. HANCOCK | Somerset | 1.12.1914 | DSO\n\nP. A. M. HANDS | W Province & South Africa | 18.7.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1919 | DSO\n\nT. B. HANKEY | Up Country XI Ceylon | 19 May 1919 | AM\n\n|  |\n\n16.9.1918 | MC\n\nJ. D. HARCOMBE | Somerset | 21.10.1916 | MM\n\nA. E. A. HARRAGIN | Trinidad & West Indies | 8.3.1919 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n(1.1.1936 KPM for Gallantry)\n\nD. HARRIES | Free Foresters | 1.1.1919 | AFC\n\nJ. C. HARTLEY | Oxford U, Sussex & England | 1.1.1919 | DSO\n\n+C. E. HATFEILD | Oxford U, Kent & MCC | 15.2.1919 | MC\n\nE. J. H. HAUGHTON | Europeans | 7.2.1918 | DSO\n\nJ. A. HEALING | Cambridge U & Gloucs | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nH. N. HEELY | Transvaal | 4.11.1919 | MC\n\nE. L. W. HENSLOW | Army | 30.1.1920 | MC\n\nE. F. HERRING | Oxford U | 30.4.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nH. V. HESKETH-PRICHARD | London County, Hants & MCC | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n8.3.1918 | DSO\n\nR. D. HEWAT | Griqualand West | 8.3.1919 | MC\n\nH. L. HIGGINS | Worcs | 25.11.1916 | MC\n\nE. H. HILL | Europeans | 16.8.1917 | MC\n\nJ. J. HILLS | Glamorgan | 11.12.1918 | MM\n\nG. W. HODGKINSON | Somerset | 1.2.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | MC*\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | MC**\n\nW. P. HONE | Ireland | 1.2.1919 | MC\n\nA. O. J. HOPE | Army | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nF. J. V. HOPLEY | Cambridge U, W Province, MCC | 20.10.1916 | DSO\n\nJ. N. HORLICK | Oxford U & Gloucs | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nA. H. HORNBY | Europeans | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\nF. L. HORSEY | RN | 21.4.1917 | DSC\n\nO. HUGHES | Cambridge U | 3.6.1919 | DFC\n\nJ. M. HULTON | MCC | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nO. F. HUYSCHE | Oxford U | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nJ. G. W. HYNDSON | Surrey | 18.2.1916 | MC\n\nR. D. INSKIP | Europeans | 22.12.1916 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n14.1.1916 | MC\n\nJ. F. IRELAND | Cambridge U | 17.9.1917 | MC\n\n+J. E. V. ISAAC | Worcs & OFS | 1.12.1914 | DSO\n\nG. R. JACKSON | Derbys & MCC | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nW. W. JELF | Leics | 8.2.1915 | DSO\n\nC. D. JOHNSON | Europeans | 12.1.1916 | DSO\n\nA. C. JOHNSTON | Hants | 18.2.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n4.6.1917 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO*\n\nR. G. JOHNSTONE | Victoria | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\n+H. JONES | Gloucs | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\nF. M. JOYCE | Leics | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nH. S. KAYE | Yorks & HDG Leveson Gower's XI | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1916 | DSO\n\nR. H. KEARSLEY | OFS | 18.2.1915 | DSO\n\nG. A. KEAY | Oxford U | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nA. P. KELLY | Dublin U & Ireland | 22.6.1918 | MC\n\nJ. A. C. KIDDLE | Europeans | 24.6.1916 | MC\n\nF. H. KNOTT | Oxford U, Kent & Sussex | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nF. P. KNOX | Oxford U & Surrey | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nR. B. LAGDEN | Cambridge U, Surrey & Bengal (killed in an air crash in India in WW2) | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nR. D. LAKE | Northants | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nJ. B. LANE | NSW | 1.2.1919 | DSO\n\nG. G. LANG | Europeans | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nA. P. Y. LANGHORNE | Europeans | 4.1.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n(14.8.1908 DSO)\n\nJ. A. D. LANGHORNE | Europeans | 29.10.1915 | DSO\n\nH. M. LAWRENCE | Kent | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n7.11.1918 | DSO*\n\nH. M. LEAF | MCC & GJV Weigall's XI | 1.1.1916 | DSO\n\nN. LEESE | MCC | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nR. A. C. L. LEGGETT | Army in South Africa | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nA. A. LESLIE | Europeans | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nJ. LESLIE | Oxford U | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1919 | DSO\n\nT. LEWIS | Transvaal, W Province & South Africa | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\nC. G. LING | Europeans | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nG. E. LIVOCK | RAF & Middlesex | 21.9.1918 | DFC\n\n|  |\n\n(1.3.1929 AFC)\n\nL. S. LLOYD | Europeans | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\nH. K. LONGMAN | Cambridge U, Surrey & Middlesex | 16.1.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nH. C. LOYD | Army | 15.11.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nA. C. G. LUTHER | Sussex | 30.1.1920 | MC\n\nA. M. P. LYLE | Oxford U & Scotland | 18.6.1918 | MC\n\nC. H. LYON | Derbys | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nRev Hon C. F. LYTTELTON | Cambridge U & Worcs | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nR. L. McCALL | Europeans | 3.7.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n24.11.1916 | DSO\n\nJ. V. MACARTNEY-FILGATE | Europeans | 18.2.1915 | MC\n\nRev W. P. G. McCORMICK | MCC | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nG. R. McCUBBIN | Transvaal | 27.7.1916 | DSO\n\nJ. F. MACDONNEL | Europeans | 18.1.1917 | MC\n\nA. S. McINTYRE | Hants | 22.12.1916 | MC\n\nM. MACKINNON | Essex & Europeans | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\nW. R. F. MACROW | Victoria | 26.11.1917 | MC\n\nC. B. W. MAGNAY | Oxford U & Middlesex | 15.10.1918 | MC\n\n+M. MAGNIAC | Army in South Africa | 3.6.1916 | DSO\n\nV. B. H. MAJENDIE | Somerset | 18.7.1918 | DSO\n\nW. H. MANN | Worcs | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nL. P. MARSHALL | Somerset | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nL. F. MARSON | Army | 18.6.1918 | MC\n\nE. MARTIN | Middlesex | 25.8.1917 | MC\n\nF. N. MASON-MACFARLANE | Europeans | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n16.9.1918 | MC*\n\n|  |\n\n2.12.1918 | MC**\n\n|  |\n\n(11.7.1940 DSO)\n\nR. J. A. MASSIE | NSW | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nF. W. MATHIAS | Glamorgan & Wales | 16.9.1916 | MC\n\nP. A. MELDON | MCC | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nW. MELDRUM | Auckland | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nH. MERRICK | Gloucs | 18.6.1917 | MC\n\nN. MILLER | Surrey | 18.7.1917 | MC\n\nH. A. MILTON | Middlesex | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nW. T. MONCKTON | Oxford & Cambridge XI | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nH. F. MONTGOMERY | Somerset | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nH. B. MOORE | Europeans | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\nH. G. MOORE-GWYN | Europeans | 23.6.1915 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nO. C. MORDAUNT | Somerset | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nE. W. MORRIS | Europeans | 3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nH. M. MORRIS | Cambridge U & Essex | 1.10.1917 | DSC\n\nJ. S. F. MORRISON | Cambridge U & Somerset | 3.6.1918 | DFC\n\n|  |\n\n21.9.1918 | DFC*\n\nF. W. MORTER | Warwicks | 3.6.1919 | AFC\n\nA. G. MOYES | South Australia & Victoria | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nHon G. J. A. M. L. MULHOLLAND | Cambridge U | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nF. W. MUSSON | Civil Service & Lancs | 2.11.1918 | AFC\n\nW. H. NAPPER | Ireland | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nC. C. NAUMANN | Cambridge U | 10.12.1919 | MC\n\nF. C. G. NAUMANN | Oxford U & Surrey | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nV. H. NESER | Oxford U & Transvaal | 16.9.1918 | MC\n\nF. W. H. NICHOLAS | Essex | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nN. D. NOBLE | Scotland | 14.6.1916 | DSO\n\nE. W. NORTON | Warwicks & Worcs | 1.1.1917 | DSC\n\nW. C. OATES | Notts | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\n+W. W. ODELL | London County & Leics | 17.9.1917 | MC\n\nS. L. OWEN | Jamaica | 3.6.1916 | DSO\n\nE. W. PAGE | Minor Counties | 17.9.1917 | MC\n\nD. W. PAILTHORPE | Europeans | 22.9.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n16.9.1918 | MC*\n\nI. T. PARKER | Scotland | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nW. F. PARRINGTON | Derby | 26.7.1918 | MC\n\nM. C. PARRY | Warwicks & Ireland | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nJ. H. PARSONS | Warwicks, Europeans & MCC | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nA. W. S. PATERSON | Somerset | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nJ. R. PEACEY | Sussex | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nG. V. PEARSE | Oxford U & Natal | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nP. J. S. PEARSON-GREGORY | Notts | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nC. U. PEAT | Oxford U & Middlesex | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nS. J. PEGLER | Transvaal & South Africa | 26.9.1917 | DSO\n\nF. PENN | Kent | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n+H. W. PERSSE | Hants | 16.1.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n18.1.1917 | MC*\n\nA. W. PEWTRESS | Lancs | 8.3.1919 | MC\n\nF. A. PHILLIPS | Oxford U & Somerset | 22.6.1918 | DSO\n\nN. C. PHILLIPS | South Wales & MCC | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nJ. I. PIGGOTT | Surrey | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nH. S. PINK | Derby | 15.2.1919 | MC\n\nP. F. POCOCK | Europeans | 23.8.1918 | DSO\n\nA. M. POLLARD | OFS | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nH. S. POYNTZ | Somerset & OFS | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nL. R. V. PRENTICE | Middlesex | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nH. L. PRICE | Oxford U | 7.11.1918 | MC\n\n+R. G. PRIDMORE | Warwicks | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\nH. W. PRIESTLEY | MCC | 26.7.1918 | MC\n\nR. S. RAIT-KERR | Army & Europeans | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nW. H. RAMSBOTHAM | Cambridge U & Sussex | 7.11.1918 | MC\n\nG. G. RAWSON | Army | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\nG. S. RAWSTORNE | Lancs | 25.8.1915 | MC\n\nN. REID | W Province & South Africa | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nA. B. REYNOLDS | Oxford U | 3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nW. E. RICHARDSON | Worcs | 1.2.1919 | MC\n\nD. M. RITCHIE | Lancs | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\nN. M. RITCHIE | Europeans | 25.8.1917 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n15.2.1919 | MC\n\nC. B. ROBERTSON | Europeans | 1.1.1919 | MC\n\nD. C. ROBINSON | Essex, Gloucs & MCC | 1.1.1919 | MC\n\nP. G. ROBINSON | Gloucs | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\n+R. H. ROBINSON | Essex | 19.2.1917 | MM\n\nA. W. F. ROPER | Gloucs | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nC. E. S. RUCKER | Oxford U | 22.1.1916 | MC\n\nJ. RUSSELL | Scotland | 26.7.1918 | MC\n\n+J. H. A. RYAN | Northants & Ireland | 15.2.1915 | MC\n\nS. V. SAMUELSON | Natal & South Africa | 22.4.1918 | MC\n\nK. R. J. SAXON | Canterbury | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n16.9.1918 | MC*\n\nJ. A. SCARLETT | Army in South Africa | 23.6.1915 | DSO\n\n+R. O. SCHWARZ | Middlesex, Transvaal & South Africa | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nR. I. SCORER | Warwicks | 25.8.1917 | MC\n\nA. A. SCOTT | RN | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nW. H. N. SHAKESPEARE | Worcs | 4.2.1918 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n2.11.1918 | AFC\n\nR. H. SHARP | Essex | 1.1.1919 | DFC\n\nF. R. S. SHAW | Army, Ireland & Europeans | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\n+K. O. SIEDLE | Natal | 16.9.1918 | MC\n\nC. V. SINGLE | NSW | 3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nL. H. SLATTER | RAF | 17.11.1917 | DSC\n\n|  |\n\n17.5.1918 | DSC*\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1919 | DFC\n\nW. J. SMEETON | Auckland | 1.2.1919 | MC\n\nJ. G. SMYTH | Europeans | 29.6.1915 | VC\n\n|  |\n\n27.9.1920 | MC\n\nLord SOMERS | Worcs | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n3.6.1919 | DSO\n\nS. J. SOMERS-COX | Europeans | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\nT. C. SPRING | Somerset | 26.11.1917 | DSO\n\nW. J. STACK | NSW | 3.6.1918 | DSO\n\nA. C. L. STANLEY-CLARKE | Army | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n26.7.1918 | DSO*\n\nR. T. STANYFORTH | Army, Yorks & England | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nJ. F. D. STEEDMAN | Europeans | 3.6.1919 | MC\n\nC. R. STEELE | RAF | 2.11.1918 | DFC\n\nD. McD. STEELE | South Australia | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n25.4.1918 | MC*\n\nJ. P. STEPHENSON-JELLIE | Gloucs | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nH. E. STOCKDALE | Europeans | 18.2.1915 | DSO\n\nJ. H. STRACHAN | Free Foresters | 18.7.1918 | MC\n\n+W. G. S. STUART | Scotland | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nM. A. S. STURT | Somerset | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nR. S. SUGDEN | RAF | 1.1.1919 | AFC\n\nC. A. SYKES | Army in South Africa | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nRev N. S. TALBOT | Oxford U | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\nE. N. TANDY | Somerset | 4.6.1917 | DSO\n\nJ. H. TANDY | Transvaal | 27.7.1918 | MC\n\nM. O'C. TANDY | Europeans | 7.2.1918 | DSO\n\nT. A. TAPP | London County | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n17.12.1917 | MC*\n\nG. E. TATHAM | Natal | 3.6.1918 | MC\n\nH. W. TAYLOR | Natal, Transvaal & South Africa | 12.3.1917 | MC\n\nS. S. TAYLOR | Middlesex | 1.2.1917 | DSO\n\nM. S. TEVERSHAM | Europeans | 9.9.1921 | MC\n\nJ. L. G. THOMAS | Glamorgan | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\nA. E. THOMSON | Somerset | 2.11.1917 | DSC\n\nJ. H. THURSFIELD | Worcs | 3.6.1916 | MC\n\nE. D. TILLARD | Somerset & Europeans | 1.2.1917 | DSO\n\nF. M. TOMPKINSON | Worcs | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n18.7.1917 | DSO*\n\nG. S. TOMPKINSON | Worcs | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nC. J. TOZER | NSW | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nC. J. H. TREGLOWN | Essex | 15.11.1918 | MC\n\nW. L. TRENNERY | AIF & NSW | 26.1.1917 | MC\n\nA. E. Y. TRESTRAIL | Somerset | 8.3.1919 | DSO\n\nH. E. TREVOR | Sussex & Bombay | 18.2.1915 | DSO\n\nL. H. W. TROUGHTON | Kent & MCC | 14.11.1916 | MC\n\nC. L. St J. TUDOR | Sussex | 1.1.1915 | MC\n\nR. G. TUDOR | Cambridge U & Sussex | 24.1.1916 | MC\n\nHon J. S. R. TUFTON | Kent | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nA. J. TURNER | Essex | 22.6.1915 | DSO\n\nF. G. TURNER | Hants | 4.6.1917 | MC\n\nJ. W. C. TURNER | Worcs | 26.9.1917 | MC\n\nR. H. T. TURNER | Notts | 26.7.1918 | MC\n\nE. K. TWISS | Europeans | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nC. W. WALLACE | Worcs | 23.10.1919 | DSO\n\nL. E. S. WARD | Somerset | 2.2.1916 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1918 | DSO*\n\nA. C. WATSON | Essex & Sussex | 11.4.1918 | DSO\n\nF. WEATHERBY | Oxford U | 26.6.1918 | MC\n\nH. A. WELLESLEY | Europeans | 25.8.1917 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n11.1.1919 | MC*\n\nV. H. WELLS-COLE | Europeans | 6.4.1918 | MC\n\nH. J. WENYON | Middlesex | 18.10.1917 | DSO\n\n|  |\n\n6.9.1918 | DSO*\n\nE. G. WHATELY | Oxford U & Somerset | 1.1.1917 | MC\n\nA. K. G. WHITE | Gloucs | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nW. N. WHITE | Hants & Barbados | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nT. H. WHITEHEAD | Eastern Province | 22.3.1918 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n2.12.1918 | DSO\n\nJ. G. B. WHITING | HDG Leveson Gower's XI | 28.3.1918 | DCM\n\nC. G. WIGGLESWORTH | RAF | 2.11.1918 | AFC\n\nK. WIGRAM | Europeans | 1.1.1917 | DSO\n\nF. W. WILKINSON | Minor Counties | 19.3.1919 | MM\n\nW. A. C. WILKINSON | Oxford U, Army & MCC | 8.1.1918 | MC\n\n|  |\n\n16.7.1918 | MC*\n\n|  |\n\n(8.7.1941 GM, 21.9.1944 DSO)\n\nD. B. WILLIAMS | Glamorgan | 1.1.1918 | DSO\n\nF. O'B. WILSON | Europeans | 14.1.1916 | DSO\n\nJ. P. WILSON | Yorks | 22.6.1915 | DSC\n\n|  |\n\n1.1.1919 | AFC\n\n+J. F. S. WINNINGTON | Worcs | 28.4.1915 | DSO\n\nJ. P. WINTERBOTHAM | Oxford U & Gloucs | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nG. E. C. WOOD | Cambridge U, Kent & England | 8.3.1919 | MC\n\n+M. D. F. WOOD | Hants & Europeans | 2.2.1916 | DSO\n\nJ. WORMALD | Middlesex | 6.9.1915 | MC\n\n+R. S. WORSLEY | OFS | 2.5.1916 | DSO\n\nA. E. H. WRIGHT | RN | 8.3.1920 | DSO\n\nB. WRIGHT | Northants | 20.10.1916 | MC\n\n+E. L. WRIGHT | Oxford U & Lancs | 1.1.1918 | MC\n\nE. V. WRIGHT | Northants | 18.2.1918 | MC\n\nF. J. C. WYATT | Hants & OFS | 14.1.1916 | MC\n\nG. N. WYKES | Leics | 3.1.1919 | MC\n\nJ. A. YATES | Europeans | 26.8.1918 | DSO\nThe Lost Generation\n\nThe generation lost to the Great War is exemplified by this photograph of the 1914 Oakham School team. Five of the eleven boys were dead by the end of the war.\n\n_From left, standing:_\n\n**John W. Haywood,** cricket professional, returned to his post after war service.\n\n**Douglas Alexander Hall,** Captain in the Yorks and Lancs Regt, was killed in 1916 aged 21.\n\n**William Reginald Hill,** Lieutenant in the Durham Light Infantry, won the MC and Bar and died of wounds as a prisoner of war five days before the Armistice in 1918 aged 22.\n\n**John Charles Foster Wilkinson,** Lieutenant in the London Regt and Royal Flying Corps, won the MC and served in WW2.\n\n**Francis K Thornton,** no details known.\n\n**James Edward Atter,** Private in the Leics Regt, was killed in 1916 aged 19.\n\n**Herbert Alfred Vincent Wait,** Lieutenant in the Royal Berks Regt, was killed in 1917 aged 19.\n\n_sitting:_\n\n**John Christian Prideaux Eamonson Metcalfe,** Captain in the Lancs Fusiliers, won the MC and served in WW2.\n\n**Eric John Crisp** _(captain)_ was a Captain in the Royal Naval Air Service; he died in 1980.\n\n**Lancelot John Austen Dewar,** Sub-Lieutenant in the Royal Marines Light Infantry, was killed in 1916 aged 20.\n\n_front:_\n\n**John Wilson,** Captain in the KGO Light Cavalry, Indian Army, also served in WW2.\n\n**Arthur Percy Frank Chapman,** aged only 13 in 1914, totalled 279 runs in 12 innings (27.90) and took eight wickets (35.50); he scored 200 in under two hours for the U14 XI against Stoneygate. He went on to Uppingham where he was a Public School Cricketer of the Year in _Wisden_ 1919, and captained Kent and England. Under his leadership, England regained the Ashes at The Oval in August 1926 for the first time since the Great War.\n\nOf the five who died, three had brief obituaries in _Wisden:_ Hall, Wait and Dewar. Dewar's elder brother, David ('Sonnie'), was killed in 1918 aged 24\nAcknowledgements\n\n_Niel Fagan, \"Wisden's Unknown Soldier\"_\n\nI have dedicated this book to Niel Fagan because he \u2013 and the discovery of his identity \u2013 proved the inspiration for me to embark on this project.\n\nNiel was 16 when he gave a copy of _Wisden 1912_ to his father, writing in it: \"Wishing Daddy a very happy birthday, and many happy returns of the day from Niel. July 5th 1912.\" Four years later, Niel was dead. I knew this because his father had written below Niel's cheerful words: \"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. Finis coronat opus. 20 July 1916.\"\n\nI bought that _Wisden_ and was determined to discover Niel's identity. There were some clues, since page numbers were pencilled in next to the Latin inscription: they pointed to Rugby School. Eventually, I found that 2nd Lt Niel Fagan, of the Rifle Brigade, was severely wounded on the first day of the Somme while attending to injured men, and lay in no man's land for 48 hours before crawling back to safety. Repatriated to England, he died a few days later in hospital at Chichester.\n\nI told the saga of \" _Wisden_ 's Unknown Soldier\", the answer to a century-old mystery, in _Wisden 2012_. Niel's story inspired me to research the cricketers whose obituaries are contained in the _Wisdens_ of the war years, and so I firstly acknowledge his guiding light.\n\nSoon after discovering the identity of Niel, I set out for a day's cricket at Arundel with Mike Spurrier, an expert on cricket and the military. On the way, we made a detour to visit the cemetery in Chichester where Niel is buried. Mike, who wrote a series of articles on \"Cricketers Brave\" in _Wisden Cricket Monthly_ , was as affected as I was by the connection between the 1912 _Wisden_ and Niel's grave. Mike's list of men who played first-class cricket and won gallantry awards in the conflict is an important piece of research which he completed some time ago. With Mike's death in July 2012 I lost a good friend and a wonderful source of knowledge and wisdom.\n\nMy thanks on behalf of all cricket researchers go to Steve Western who produced the definitive list of the first-class cricketers who died in the First World War and are commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. At Wisden, Christopher Lane was very supportive from the outset and Hugh Chevallier gave useful guidance, while Steven Lynch checked the text. At Bloomsbury, Charlotte Atyeo, Nick Humphrey and Jane Lawes made the book a reality.\n\nRoger Mann supplied a selection of images from his comprehensive photographic collection: Long Room at Lord's; Pelham Warner; Ruhleben; Archer Windsor-Clive; John Howell; Arthur Jaques; Alan Marshal; Francis Townend; Kenneth Woodroffe; Percy Hardy; Percy Jeeves; Cyril Rattigan; Edward Shaw; Colin Blythe; Albert Cotter; John Raphael; George Whitehead. The photograph of the 1914 Oakham School team is courtesy of Michael Frankish; Hugh Butterworth courtesy of Wanganui Collegiate School; Wilfred Shaw, the 1916 Borlase team, and Basil Horsfall courtesy of Borlase School; Harold Forster courtesy of The Rifles Museum Berkshire and Wiltshire.\n\nAmong the many people who responded to my requests for information but who warrant special mention were: Dave Allen (Hampshire); Chris Andry (D. H. Macklin, 1918); Jock Asbury-Bailey (St Edmund's School, Canterbury, formerly the Clergy Orphan School); Tristram and Kirsty Cary (G. W. V. Hopley, 1915); Norman Epps, amateur footballers, including L. J. Moon (1916); Dr Gloria Polizzotti Greis of Needham Historical Society (C. T. Burrows, 1919); Andrew Hignell (Glamorgan); Paul Lewis (Kent); Douglas Miller (F. W. Thompson, 1917); Philip Paine (Surrey and graves); Keith Walmsley (W. R. Gregory 1918).\n\nAdditional help was required on the three men who survived their obituaries. For information about Wilfred Shaw: Steve Fuller, Bedfordshire Regt; Richard Tedham, Little Marlow CC; Wendy Farmer, Borlase School; and family members Norman and Stuart Shaw. For information about George Alpen: Ted Vorzanger and Colin Wolfe of Royal Brussels CC. Jack Poole supplied most of the details about his own life in his 1957 autobiography without realising that a nice starting point would have been his obituary in _Wisden 1916_ ; James Astill's newspaper article in 2001 about Poole's son provided more revelations.\n\nIf it has been discomfiting to have discovered more than a few errors in cricket's 'bible', _Wisden_ 's small staff, and especially editor Sydney Pardon, should nonetheless be given due credit for trying to keep track of the many cricketers among the lengthy casualty lists and for maintaining, through the wartime years, _Wisden_ 's proud record of unbroken publication since 1864. I make no criticism of the errors, for I am conscious that I will have compounded some that are already in print and committed others of my own.\n\n_Wisden_ gleaned much of its material from the pages of _The Times_ which in turn regularly asked families to supply information, along the lines of: \"We should be glad if relatives of officers who fall in the service of the country would forward, with the intimation of death, any biographical details in their possession.\"\n\nIn the same way, I would appreciate it if anyone with further information about the men in this book could let me know.\n\nAndrew Renshaw\n\nWinchfield, Hampshire\nFirst published in Great Britain 2014\n\nThis electronic edition published in 2014 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc\n\nMaterial reproduced from _Wisden Cricketers' Almanack_ \u00a9 John Wisden & Co  \n_Cricketers Brave_ and other articles by Mike Spurrier \u00a9 Mike Spurrier  \nOriginal material copyright \u00a9 Andrew Renshaw 2014\n\nThe moral right of the author has been asserted\n\nAll rights reserved  \nYou may not copy, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (including without limitation electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, printing, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.\n\nEvery reasonable effort has been made to trace copyright holders of material reproduced in this book, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers would be glad to hear from them. For legal purposes the list of illustrations here constitutes an extension of the copyright page\n\nJohn Wisden and Co  \nAn imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc  \n50 Bedford Square  \nLondon WC1B 3DP\n\nwww.wisden.com\n\nwww.bloomsbury.com\n\nBloomsbury is a trademark of Bloomsbury Publishing plc\n\nBloomsbury Publishing, London, New Delhi, New York and Sydney\n\nA CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library\n\nePub ISBN 978 1 4088 3236 3\n\nTo find out more about our authors and their books please visit www.bloomsbury.com where you will find extracts, author interviews and details of forthcoming events, and to be the first to hear about latest releases and special offers, sign up for our newsletters here.\n","meta":{"redpajama_set_name":"RedPajamaBook"}}
+{"text":" \n### The Uncanny Tales of Crush & Pound\n\n### 1\n\nby Christopher D. Carter\n\n\u00a9 2012\n\nText and Illustration Copyright \u00a9 2012 Christopher D. Carter\n\nPublished by Christopher D. Carter\n\nSmashwords Edition\n\nAll Rights Reserved.\n\nDiscover other titles by Christopher D. Carter at  https:\/\/www.smashwords.com\/profile\/view\/SawdustEntertainment\n\nSmashwords Edition, License Notes\n\nThis ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.\n\n### Table of Contents\n\nChapter 1\n\nChapter 2\n\nChapter 3\n\nNext Issue\n\nAbout the Author\n\nChapter 1\n\n*\n\n### Dandelions and Crows\n\n### *\n\n\"Don't tell me you ain't never heard of the Devil's Tramping Ground,\" the old coot said as he spit a mouthful of tobacco of the front porch of the country store. The scraggly fellow wiped the droppings off of his stained overalls and onto his leg as he offered S. S. Crush his hand in one smooth motion as he continued, \"Name's Lemuel Green.\"\n\nCrush surveyed the hand carefully and opted to place his own hands behind his back before speaking.\n\n\"Never heard of it.\"\n\n\"It's right down the road a piece,\" Lemuel said as he pointed toward the road from the porch of the store. \"If you're going that way, then I recommend you take some boiled peanuts with you.\"\n\n\"Boiled peanuts?\"\n\n\"Course. What fool would go trampin' 'round there without boiled peanuts!\" Green exclaimed, then leaned back in the rocker, looking Crush over again. \"You can buy a bag inside, and when you finish, come back out here and sit with me a spell.\"\n\nNot wanting to miss his chance to break the awkward meeting, Crush pushed open the door to the old country store and entered. The store was dark inside with two dingy yellow bulbs lighting the two dank aisles to the left and the register behind the counter to the right.\n\n\"You aren't from around here, are you?\" a voice spoke in the dark. Then a hand reached out from beneath the counter and a head popped up surrounded by a ring of thick cigarette smoke and disappeared again beneath the counter just as quickly. \"I could see it in your eyes when Green mentioned the Grounds,\" the voice added from beneath the counter.\n\n\"Yeah, I get that a lot,\" Crush answered as he leaned over to get a look at the attendant. \"What's he talking about?\"\n\nNo head came up for air, but a bag of peanuts came out this time with the hand, then the voice spoke again, \"You'll want these.\"\n\n\"This has to be the gimmick for using the public restrooms,\" thought Crush. \"How much?\" he asked.\n\n\"Three bucks per bag,\" the hand said with the palm now turned up followed by a smoke ring. Crush paid the hand and slipped the peanuts in his coat.\n\n\"Got a restroom?\" he asked.\n\n\"Out back,\" said the voice as another cloud of smoke poured out from beneath.\n\n\"Weird,\" he said to himself as he pushed the door out, ringing the bell as he went. Turning left and walking past Green again, Crush looked straight ahead trying not to make eye contact with the local. Around the back of the store there were two white wooden doors with rusty brass knobs labeled \"Men\" and \"Women\", and Crush went to turn the handle on the Men's room, only to find that it was locked.\n\n\"Crap,\" he said as he jiggled the handle, hoping to jar it loose but to no avail. Glancing over at the Women's room, he noticed that the door was cracked open and the lights were turned off. \"I doubt anyone else is coming,\" he thought as he looked around to see if anyone else was watching, then he entered the Women's room.\n\nAround front Lemuel sat with his elbows resting on his knees, looking anxious as Crush returned. \"I thought you wuz a guy. What you doin' in the Women's room? Hope you wiped the seat.\"\n\n\"What?\"\n\n\"Never mind. Now about the Devil's Tramping Ground, are you going with me or not?\"\n\nCrush thought about it carefully before he answered. He had been sent to the middle of North Carolina to find one of the DAM's agents, Seth Hogan, who had gone missing on a trip home, but for the last week, he had found no clues in the disappearance. In fact, Green was the first person to offer up anything at all of interest since he had started.\n\n\"How long will this take, fella?\"\n\n\"It will take as long as it takes. You didn't come out here just to use the Women's room, Crush. I heard you been searching for Seth, and I know where he went,\" Green whispered behind his hand. \"You got the peanuts?\"\n\n\"Yeah, the hand sold me these,\" he said as he showed the bag in his overcoat.\n\n\"Good! Now take me down the road a piece. That way,\" Green said as he pointed right along the highway.\n\n\"You don't by chance know Seth Hogan personally, do you?\"\n\n\"Course I do! Now let's ride if you want to find him.\"\n\nCrush unlocked the agency's four-wheel drive truck (the Hybrid cars were not his style) with the remote, and they headed toward the Devil's Tramping Ground.\n\n**********\n\n\"How do you drive with those claws?\" Green asked while staring at the long catlike claws on the stick.\n\n\"Very carefully, but I cut corners well,\" Crush grunted back.\n\n\"Hmm. Take this next turn to the left,\" said Green as he pointed ahead.\n\n\"Why do they call it the 'Devil's Tramping Ground', anyway?\"\n\nGreen stared into Crush's eyes and replied, \"Same reason they call you 'Crush'. Call it for what it is. A while back a local university did some studies and found nothing, just burnt out places on the ground and trash, but the legends go back further than some study by a bunch of youngsters. The place is pure evil, and Seth was testing it out, or so he said.\"\n\n\"He told you this? When?\"\n\n\"Before he disappeared. He said he would be back by when he finished. But I never saw him again.\"\n\nCrush breathed in a deep breath and turned as if to ask a question of the haggard local, but then spiraled his attention back to the road. They had travelled many miles back into the rural countryside, and the pavement had changed to red clay and gravel. A crow flew past the hood and settled on the branch of a nearby elm tree.\n\n\"Park right here. We gotta walk the rest of the way.\"\n\nCrush placed his left foot on the ground and as he went to get out of the vehicle, his eyes met the crow's glance, and just faintly Crush sensed a glimmer of something, intelligence or curiosity, that he had not noticed before. The crow stood still and then glanced in another direction, as if acknowledging Crush and something else as well. Crush gazed out into the woods where the crow was glowering, and caught the slightest glance of a leaf moving, then nothing.\n\nWith a start, the crow bounded from the elm in the direction of its gaze, and with a malevolent caw, swooped through the dense brush and disappeared.\n\n\"Got the peanuts, do ya?\"\n\n\"Freakin' circus,\" Crush thought to himself as he pulled the bag out and handed it to Green.\n\n\"No, you keep 'em 'til I give you the signal.\"\n\n\"Signal to what?\"\n\n\"Throw 'em at the devil.\"\n\n\"What!\"\n\n\"Just trust me, Crush. Fallen angels are funny.\"\n\nCrush trailed Green to the edge of a round field where no grass or other vegetation was growing, Green stepped to what appeared to be the center of the circular area and motioned for Crush to do the same.\n\n\"Now stand still, look up in the sky and raise your hands to Heaven, then slam your fists to the ground.\" Reluctantly, Crush did as he was instructed, and when his fists struck the ground, a crack of thunder sounded in the distance. When Crush rose to his feet, the field began to spin and everything went dark.\n\n**********\n\nOn the drive home, the colors of the leaves were beautiful in the Fall, and though he did not have a current hunting license, Seth longed to sit in his tree stand and enjoy the outdoors. He was an outdoorsman at heart, and unfortunately, he had spent the last six months at the DAM stuck in a cubicle, analyzing World War II Nazi era occult findings.\n\n\"Whoo-hoo,\" he thought to himself in sarcasm. Circumstances at the Department definitely had not turned out like he had hoped, or even been promised. As an expert in archaeology, the Department had guaranteed that he would be working with Crush and Pound in the field on a regular basis, but no excavations were on the horizon as far as the work schedule showed. Worst of all, the mountain of old material requiring dispositioning had grown out of control, and budget cuts had wiped out all non-essential travel for the year. Seth's best chance for adventure was the frequent 1:59 a.m. drive-thru trips to the burger joint where some of the menu items could have been classified as artifacts.\n\nOn this trip, Seth had decided to spend his vacation outdoors, and if he could, maybe he would have an adventure. He knew just where to start. After a couple of hours visiting the folks, he asked his dad if he could borrow a tent and a sleeping bag, headed for the nearest country store, and then pressed on to the Devil's Tramping Ground.\n\n**********\n\nAt the edge of the field, Seth made a campsite and as the sun was setting in the west, he started a fire and listened to the crackle of the embers as he roasted marshmallows and hot dogs. He leaned back against an elm tree and closed his eyes, and all he could feel around him was tranquility.\n\nWhen he opened his eyes from the meditation, a crow was standing not three feet away, looking at him with one cold eye. A shiver went down his spine as it turned its head to examine him more closely with both eyes. The stare was intense, and not knowing what else to do, Seth tossed the last of his half-eaten hot dog to the crow. The black omen tilted over and clamped down on the morsel with its beak, and flew away, satisfied with the offering.\n\n\"And what would you give me,\" a voice rang out in Seth's mind. Looking side to side, he saw that there was no one else around. Out of the corner of his eye, Seth caught a strange glimpse of a figure in the center of the field, but as the next instant passed, the figure was gone.\n\n\"This may not have been the best choice tonight,\" he thought to himself. \"I'll pack up and stay with the folks tonight.\" With great haste Seth disassembled the tent, gathered his supplies, and turned to hike back up the road toward home. To Seth's dismay, the lone figure was once again standing center field, wrapped in darkness and silhouetted by the moonlight. Then with one hand outstretched as if beckoning to Seth, the dark figure spoke.\n\n\"Come. Adventure awaits.\"\n\nInexplicably compelled by the darkness, Seth began striding the radius to the center of the field, and enveloped in darkness, the archaeologist and the figure disappeared as one.\n\n**********\n\nThere was a light in the darkness, as of a meteor or shooting star perhaps. The light struck the earth as it were, and a faint but audible voice spoke from the darkness.\n\n\"Crush.\"\n\nThe light in the distance began to grow, and a lone figure appeared within the glow. The figure was travelling away from the light and toward Crush. Closer and closer the being strode to him, speaking in a soft voice.\n\n\"Crush. Is that you?\"\n\n\"Yes,\" the words crossed his lips, and Crush realized that he was awake, that this was no dream. \"Is that you, Seth?\"\n\n\"Yes, it's me. How did you find me?\"\n\nCrush blinked to clear his eyes, but the darkness was all encompassing, and he could only just make out vague outlines of his surroundings. \"Blame it on Green. He brought me here.\" Then Crush sat up and rubbed his catlike ears. \"Where is Green, anyways?\"\n\n\"There is no one else here . . . wherever here is.\"\n\n\"Best that I can tell, we're in some shadowy version of earth,\" replied Crush. He could just make out the frameworks of the trees and the field. \"Green!\" he called, but no answer.\n\n\"Caw!\" came a response, and a crow whizzed by his head. Then another, and another.\n\n\"What the crap! That was the crow I saw earlier. How did he follow us?\"\n\n\"I don't know, Crush. I've been in here for a while now, and the crows have been here, too. I think that they were in both places. The same with the stranger, the one in the shadows who brought me here. Maybe he knows a way out.\"\n\n\"What stranger, kid?\" Crush asked. This was the first that he had heard of the stranger.\n\n\"Toward the light,\" Seth pointed, and there was a shape in the distance now, though it could not be deciphered from where they were.\n\n\"Green will just have to find us. Come on, kid.\"\n\n\"You want to go to him? Now that he's here, I don't think that's such a good idea,\" Seth said apprehensively.\n\n\"I don't think we have much choice,\" replied Crush. Seeing the fear in the young man's eyes, Crush motioned for Seth to follow in behind. Crush took the shortest, straightest route to the light with Seth in tow. Within a few minutes, they were only a stone's throw away from the dark stranger. Oddly enough, the stranger also had a captive who had been bound in ropes of shadow.\n\n\"Who are you, and what have you done with Green?\" asked Crush as Seth peered over his shoulder.\n\n\"I am the Devil, and Green is my captive as payment for Seth.\"\n\nCrush hesitated before he spoke again, and as he gathered his thoughts, the crow appeared again from the gloom and lit on his shoulder, as if in anticipation of the coming confrontation. Then Crush surveyed Green and noticed that his fingers were free and pointing to the 'Devil'.\n\n\"Two things, Devil. One, at best you're a _fallen_ angel. Two, you're going to let Green and Seth go back with me before things get rowdy.\"\n\nThe crow cawed its approval.\n\n\"Crush, you and I could disagree on this forever . . . or at least until both of our friends die of thirst, and what would that gain? No, I think that disagreement is in no one's best interest.\" The demon paused and continued. \"There is something that you could do for me, and we would all be free, hmm. If you will take me out of here into your world, I will release your friends as well. Deal?\"\n\nFrom Crush's perspective, setting loose a fallen angel was out of the question, but letting his friends die here in the darkness of this realm was inconceivable as well.\n\nThen an unexpected thing happened. Several more crows landed, and with a few minutes, the group was surrounded entirely by a drove of crows.\n\n\"Looks like we have an audience, here 'Devil'. What do you think about that?\" Crush asked the demon as he brought out the bag of peanuts, slowly opening the top seal.\n\n\"What . . . what are you doing?\" the demon asked with a quaking voice.\n\n\"You see, it just occurred to me. There are countless fallen angels, and some fell from heaven for no better reason than gluttony. In fact, I would even go so far as to say that some of them would work for peanuts,\" Crush said as he flung the bag of peanuts into the darkness of the demon.\n\nWithout hesitation, the black eyed crows tore into the shadow, and piece-by-piece the flock ripped the shadow apart as the demon wailed in fury. With every piece of shadow torn away, a new bit of light appeared until the demon was consumed entirely and replaced by daylight. Then the lead crow flapped his wings into the air and rested on Crush's outstretched right hand, and with a final wink, the crow flew off into the horizon, never to return.\n\nMeanwhile, Green, who had been freed from the shadow, stepped through the outline of daylight followed closely behind by Crush and Seth. As Crush laid his hand on the soft morning dew, he noticed that a dandelion had sprung up in the middle of the barren field. He plucked it up gently with his clawed hand, inhaled the fresh morning air, and blew the feathery seeds across the sky.\n\n\"Seth, I came a long way down here to visit. Is there anywhere to get milk and tuna salad?\"\n\n\"Yeah, we could hit a diner in Siler City, if you want.\"\n\n\"Good. Kickin' ass makes me hungry. Green, I owe you some peanuts.\"\n\nChapter 2\n\n*\n\n### Body Island\n\n### *\n\nIsaac Maxwell Pound stared at the lady from across the oak desk with a look of disbelief. Then he replied flatly.\n\n\"You want me to go to the Outer Banks of North Carolina to investigate a light show. Why me?\"\n\nThe lady, Theresa Tatum, a young African-American field manager for the Department of Adventures and Mysteries, held her hands up to explain her decision with her best body language, and then calmly placed them back down on the desk as she drew in a deep breath to relax before answering. \"Pound, you are the best agent available. In fact, you are the only agent available, and this assignment cannot afford to wait. If you look at this growing stack of folders already waiting, you will note that we must keep the cases rolling so that our customers are satisfied.\"\n\n\"Crush would be ideal for this, you know. If you had sent me to look for Seth instead of him, both of your top agents would be in their ideal settings. Plant life is my specialty, and freaky light shows are probably best left to Crush,\" retorted Pound.\n\n\"And the Greensboro area is covered in forests, right? I see your point; maybe you would have been more suited to finding Seth, but look, decisions are made as the folders come in. And this is where we are right now,\" replied Theresa in a forced calm as she relaxed back in her chair. \"Will you accept the case, or should I tell my director that I don't believe my group is capable of handling the tasks they were hired for?\"\n\n\"A challenge,\" Pound thought to himself before he ventured an answer. \"You're right, Dr. Tatum. Am I an agent or not? And the answer is I am,\" he replied as he slid the file into his lap and opened the case.\n\n\"Thanks, Pound. If it makes you feel any better, I know that you can handle the case.\"\n\n\"Me, too,\" he fired back sarcastically at the suggestion that he needed her approval, and then hastily left the office before he said anything that he might regret. Theresa had been with the Department for a year, and having been hired fresh out of the university with a PhD., she had never actually participated on any cases prior to becoming the field manager of the east coast division of the DAM. But what irked Pound the most was her obvious reluctance to participate in the field with her agents so that she could gain an appreciation for each member's talents and skills.\n\nAs he marched down the hall to his cubicle, he opened the file again and began reading over the circumstances surrounding the case. After flipping through the pages and scanning the information that had been gathered, he concluded to himself that the case was \"just another\" set of mysterious circumstances noted by locals after too many drinks at the local bar, and that he should probably pack his swimming trunks. Pound passed by Sherry's cubicle on the way to his own, and she nearly knocked him down with yet another folder. Sherry Lance was a cute young lady who was hired on to be an administrative assistant with the potential to progress further, and she showed all of the tenacity of a seasoned field agent. If anything hot came in, she would typically study the details and obsess over which agent she thought should take the case.\n\n\"Pound, are you going to the Outer Banks?\" she asked, eyeing up his folder.\n\n\"Unfortunately, and I don't think there's much to it that isn't alcohol related. Why do you ask?\" he replied, knowing full well she would spill whatever river of information she was harboring.\n\n\"Hmm, I don't know, there probably is more to that mysterious light show than you think, but this one I have here . . . is hot! And it can't wait!\"\n\n\"I didn't hear that since I am already out the door,\" he said as he locked his computer, grabbed his briefcase, and saluted Sherry on his way down stairs. Sherry sighed to herself as he disappeared behind the exit door.\n\n**********\n\nThe basement of the building held the parking garage, and the Department was allotted three vehicles for field work, one for each of its agents: Shakespeare Crush, Isaac Maxwell Pound, and Seth Hogan. At the moment, Crush had the full sized truck, which left the two 50-mpg hybrids for Pound and Hogan. Hogan was on vacation and had apparently disappeared, and Crush was sent to find him. Pound looked the two cars over, and as usual when he had the choice, he chose the one with the CD player. As he began to load the car, his cell phone began to vibrate. When he looked at the caller ID, he saw that it was Theresa calling.\n\n\"Nuts,\" he said to himself in disgust. Without acknowledging the call, he placed the phone inside his briefcase, started the car, and drove out of the parking garage into Baltimore. \"She's the boss, so she can live with the decisions she makes,\" he thought to himself.\n\n**********\n\nThe trip from Baltimore to the Outer Banks was about a six hour drive with traffic, and since he started out on a Friday morning, there were plenty of accidents and delays on I-95 to Richmond. By the time Pound arrived in Kitty Hawk, the few hotel rooms that were still available were filling up fast. In the end, he had to settle for a beachside motel with no shower and a barking dog over in the next unit.\n\n\"I guess this is better than the campground option,\" he thought to himself as he remembered a childhood family vacation that included head-to-toe mosquito bites and no HVAC.\n\nAfter unpacking and listening to the voicemails from Theresa regarding a possible change of assignments if he was still available in Baltimore, Pound smiled and began a quick study of the specific details of the case at hand. Apparently, there had been numerous sightings of the strange \"light show\" at a local lighthouse, the Bodie Island Lighthouse to be more specific. Local residents and park personnel had reported sightings of a full spectrum light show emanating from the room which housed the Fresnel lens. Park officials reported that the Fresnel lens was in operating condition, however, it was not designed to flash blue, red, and green as the sightings had reported. In short, the case may be a freak reflective change in the lens or even a hoax, but since the government was involved, the case had merited a rudimentary investigation by the DAM. To Pound, the procedure was simple: sit and observe the lighthouse for one night while reassuring the park officials and residents that the DAM is aware of the situation. In the event nothing happens, he should go back to the office to pick up the next folder. If another light show appears, Crush should get the case.\n\nStill, Pound could not help but feel a little uneasy when he realized that according to the literature, the correct pronunciation for the park was \"body\" island lighthouse.\n\n\"Hmm. I wonder if there is anything to that,\" he whispered to himself. Putting the folder away, he stretched his cramped legs from the long drive and scratched his chin in thought. \"All right, enough work for today. I'm at the beach on a Friday night,\" he said aloud. He quickly changed into a t-shirt and headed out to the pier to check out the waves and the beach life. After a short walk, Pound arrived at Duda's Pier, and as he entered the double doors, he found that this beach was not as exotic as the ones that he normally frequented. No gambling and no parade of motorcycles with scantily clad ladies could be found. No, this beach was more of a family environment where children actually had room to build sand castles and where radios were not allowed to blast music at 110 decibels.\n\nAfter watching the waves come in and observing a half-lit fisherman pull in fifteen bony, undersized sea bass, Pound decided he had experienced enough of this sleepy little village and that it was time to drink to the health of Theresa Tatum for sending a middle-aged single bachelor to Bodie Island. On his way out, he stopped to ask the pier attendant if he could point him to any night life, and after the attendant tried to sell Pound on exploring the menu of the pier restaurant, he reluctantly handed him a coupon book to all the local dives.\n\n\"Thanks,\" Pound replied as he dusted his feet off at the exit and made his way to Tortilleo's, a local bar housed inside a rundown beach home that specialized in fish tacos. When he arrived, the parking lot at the little house was full, and he was forced to park the two-seater hybrid by the dumpster, exactly where it belonged.\n\n\"There's no wait at the bar,\" the hostess said as she pointed to the small bar in what appeared to be the living room of the old home.\n\n\"Besides cramps, what does it take to get a seat at the toilet?\" he commented as he wiped crumbs from the bar.\n\n\"What'll you have, buddy?\" the bartender inquired. He was obviously not taken back by the dragon tattoos tracking up Pound's arms, and Pound appreciated that greatly.\n\n\"A rum and coke, and anything you know about Bodie Island,\" Pound replied.\n\n\"Oh, I guess you've been hearing the tales, huh,\" he said as he poured the rum. \"If you believe everything you hear, though, you won't be back.\"\n\n\"Come again?\"\n\n\"Oh, nothing,\" the bartender said as he slid the mixed drink over. \"History goes back a long ways, if you think about it. What do you think this place was like before the colonists came?\" he asked with a pause. \"It was ruled by natives, you know.\"\n\n\"I see. Meaning?\"\n\n\"I mean this isn't the first time strange things, unexplained things, have happened around here. Indian spirits are everywhere around.\" Pound gave the man a sideways glance of doubt as he continued. \"Don't believe me, eh? What do you think happened to the Lost Colony, then?\"\n\nThe bartender moved on, and Pound drained his glass, paid his tab, and moved outside to watch the sunset by the dumpster. Clouds had rolled in and lightning was passing from one dark cloud to another in the purple sky, making almost a magical, mystical evening light show. Pound thought the time had come to visit Bodie Island.\n\nA short drive down Croatan Highway and then a left turn following the Bodie Island Lighthouse signs, and Pound was in sight of the old lighthouse. At the entrance to the property, a chain was pulled across the drive, blocking the way in for the night. The park hours were posted on the sign, and no one was allowed in after 6 p.m. during the season. Scanning each direction, no park rangers were in sight, so Pound stepped over the chain and into the protection of the tall pine forest just past the ranger outpost.\n\n\"Mosquitoes! Can't get away from them!\" he murmured to himself as he swatted his neck. \"The bugs here probably carried off the colony,\" he thought to himself. The hike through the small forest was relatively flat, but loaded with thorns which were digging into his skin and drawing even more mosquitoes with the scent of fresh blood. At the end of the path, there was a white two story house along with the lighthouse, which was currently under construction with scaffolding from top to bottom. As he was judging the distance of the open field between himself and the lighthouse and how to get across without being noticed, a twig snapped behind him. Surprised he quickly turned to find a young lady in a ranger uniform with a pistol in one hand and a club in the other.\n\n\"Who are you, and what are you doing here?\" she asked in a stern, professional manner.\n\n\"My name is Agent Pound from the Department of Adventures and Mysteries. You can put that gun away.\"\n\n\"I'll be the judge of that, Mr. Pound. Put your hands behind your head and turn around,\" she commanded. Pound reluctantly did as he was asked, and she padded him down and retrieved his wallet from his back pocket. Putting the club away and getting out her flashlight, she examined his identification and badge and then began questioning.\n\n\"Do you always trespass on assignment, Agent Pound?\"\n\n\"No, usually I'm greeted with courtesy,\" he answered.\n\n\"I'm sorry. Didn't you read the posted park hours on the sign when you parked out front,\" she said as she handed him back his wallet. \"You can put down your hands now.\"\n\n\"Thanks,\" he replied as he turned back around to face her. \"So what exactly has been going on around here?\"\n\n\"This way,\" she said as she motioned for Pound to follow her toward the two story house. The wind was picking up along with the lightning, and between clouds in the sky, he could make out a full moon peeping through and illuminating the abundance of plant life surrounding the lighthouse. Perhaps he had been incorrect in his initial judgment of the effectiveness of his abilities here. There seemed to be a significantly higher density of plant life than he would have expected.\n\nA flash and boom of thunder brought him back to reality, and he and the ranger broke out in a run for the porch of the house. \"I didn't catch your name,\" he yelled out to her over the wind.\n\n\"Oh, my name's Jessica,\" she said as she fumbled through the ring of keys. After trying four different keys on the lock, she finally managed to unlock the door just as another flash of lightning struck and the rains came pouring down. They bolted inside to the park store and put on a pot of coffee as they waited out the storm.\n\n\"So tell me what you know about Bodie Island, Jessica,\" Pound inquired.\n\n\"There isn't much to tell. There is a lighthouse here and a lot of mosquitoes,\" she replied chuckling. She had become more comfortable with Pound as they talked, and she decided that it was acceptable to share her own experiences. \"But I suppose you mean concerning the light show out there. To begin with, there isn't much to describe. The beam from the lens is just your normal white light, only concentrated so that it's visible for several miles. Recently, there have been other colors of light, green, red, blue, even purple.\"\n\n\"That's what the report says, but couldn't someone have placed another light source inside, causing the rainbow of colors?\" he asked.\n\n\"You know, that's what I thought at first,\" she said as she pointed out the window to the lighthouse. \"But if you look closely, the lighthouse is in the midst of a reconstruction project, and the stairs that lead to the top have been removed.\" Another lightning strike lit the night and a red glow emanated from the lens as they watched. Then a shutter slammed shut against the front window with a crash, and they both jumped in surprise.\n\n\"I see your point. What about the scaffolding? Someone could climb it and get inside the lens room, couldn't they?\"\n\n\"That is exactly what I first thought. But the scaffolding only goes halfway up the outside of the lighthouse. To get to the top, they would have to scale the last half without any help, and that just doesn't seem likely.\" As the words were passing her lips, another lightning strike collided nearby, and the lights flickered out as a transformer exploded in a shower of sparks and electricity. Now they were left with only the red glow of the lighthouse peering through the window. Before Jessica could get her flashlight turned on, another crash came from the front of the house. This time it was the door.\n\nWHAM!!! And then another, and when Jessica clicked on the flashlight and shined it at the door, she saw that the casings at the lock were shattered and the knob was jiggling as if someone were trying to get in.\n\n\"Tell me there's another ranger on duty,\" Pound whispered.\n\n\"Just me. I'm the night watch,\" she whispered back apprehensively, as if just uttering the words were taboo. \"I work alone,\" she continued as the knob began to turn ever so slowly. Before she could say anymore, bit by bit the door sluggishly opened. Backlit by yet another strike of lightning, a skeleton stood in the darkness of the door frame.\n\nNo words passed their lips as the investigator and the ranger bolted through the back door and out onto the back porch, only to find that the house was surrounded by a patchwork of skeletons, some with missing limbs or extremities, standing ankle bone to knee bone deep in mud and rain. The next few seconds seemed an eternity, as Jessica and Pound broke into a sprint toward the lighthouse through the grasp of the reaching undead as they pawed in on the living. Pound connected his elbow to the shoulder of one bony assailant, and then struck another with the loose shoulder blade of the first, shattering the skeleton's forearm and freeing Jessica to hurdle over the construction netting and dash up the front steps of the lighthouse. Again, she fumbled with the keys, and in spite of her shaky hands, she found the right one, unlocked the door just in time for them to enter, and slammed the door shut on the feet of two more skeletons that had nearly slid in behind them.\n\nBreathing a temporary sigh of relief, Jessica slid down the length of the door onto the floor and jumped in fright as the broken toe bones danced like jumping beans on the tiles. Pound, however, was mesmerized by what he saw inside the lighthouse. In the center of the round room, a red beam of light originated from the floor, shooting straight up through the vertical axis of the lighthouse and disappearing through the floor of the lens room at the top of the structure.\n\n\"What is that?! What's happening!\" Jessica gasped.\n\n\"I have no idea, but that has to be the source of the mystery,\" Pound answered as he pointed the scapula at the beam of light. \"Do you have a shovel?\"\n\n\"No, I don't have a shovel! I have a gun! Do you want to shoot our way out! Oh yeah, they're already dead,\" she shouted with a bite of sarcasm and fright mixed together for good measure.\n\n\"Right,\" he replied and began searching for any item he could use to excavate. In the bottom stair landing, there was a closet, and reaching his arm inside the dark cubby hole, he felt a crowbar and sledge hammer leaning against the wall. Using them together, he pounded the sharp edge of the crowbar into the tiles in the center of the red beam, breaking the tiles loose and revealing the subfloor of wood.\n\n\"What's under here?\" he asked.\n\n\"I don't know. I've never defaced the lighthouse to see what's underneath!\" she replied as dust and bits of wood flew out from the door molding. \"Hurry!\" she screamed.\n\nPound struck several more mighty blows into the floor, and the center collapsed inward, unexpectedly taking Pound down with it. After falling for what seemed an eternity, he struck the bottom shoulder first into what appeared to be a concrete structure in the shape of a well. The red beam of light was centered in the mud at the bottom of the well, and Pound grabbed the loose shoulder blade to begin an excavation into the beam. Within a few minutes he was knee deep in muck and filthy water when he struck something solid as he drove down mightily with the blade. Tossing the bone shovel aside, he submerged his body in the mud and brought up the remains of a skull from the base of the newly plowed pit.\n\nAs he held it up high for examination, red light pulsed upward through the eye sockets in a ragged throb, almost like a heartbeat. As the skull throbbed and the red eyes flashed, a peace settled over Pound's countenance. Then his eyes became heavy, and his head began to nod with exhaustion. Pound held onto the skull with one hand as his knees buckled under him. One side of his face splashed into the murk at the bottom of the well, and Pound lay at the bottom of the cylindrical opening to the netherworld with only millimeters separating his lips and nose from drowning in mud. All the cares of the world were tossed to the side as the skull pulsated in his hand.\n\nSuddenly, a cry for help rained down from Jessica above and brought Pound out of the trance induced by the skull. Pulling his face and body out of the water, Pound rose back onto his feet. With focused concentration on the vines and brush in the landscape surrounding the lighthouse, Pound began to make cerebral contact with the vegetation. For long minutes, he stood patiently in the pit holding the skull in his hand, while in the chamber above, the skeletons burst through the door and snatched Jessica from the lighthouse.\n\nSilence fell across the park with only the sounds of the storm in the background. A vine twisted and turned and weaved its way from the forest through the front door of the lighthouse, slowly snaking down into the well. Seconds later, Pound crawled up the vine through the damaged floorboards of the chamber with the skull tucked away in his shirt.\n\nOutside of the lighthouse, hundreds of skeletons gathered together hand-in-hand around the perimeter of the property, and two grimy skeletons held makeshift blades against Jessica's throat in the center of an emaciated circle of the undead. By the various rags dangling from the zombie-like creatures, Pound believed the skeletons to be of native origin, but he could not discern whether they were victims of some tribal war or massacre, or whether they each died of natural causes. What he could tell was that they were summoned there by the skull. Holding the red beacon above his head, he approached the two undead restraining Jessica, and offered the skull to them in exchange for her. They released her, shoving her to the ground at Pound's feet, and with outstretched arms they received the skull together in place of the park ranger. Unexpectedly, the mass of undead bowed before the prize, and then they rose as one tribe forming a procession, walking past the lighthouse and out into the ocean water.\n\n\"Must be the head of their group,\" uttered Pound. Jessica stared back at him in disbelief. Pound then helped her to her feet, and smiling, he walked back with her to the porch of the house for shelter. One by one and bone by bone the skeletons marched into the depths of the sea until the last one descended below the surface, and the red light that had pierced the night sky faded to a warm aquatic glow and then into nothingness.\n\n\"When does your shift end?\" he asked her as he wiped the first layer of mud from his face. He was covered from head to toe in filth, and Jessica was not in much better shape from the incident.\n\n\"I think my shift is over, but . . . how am I going to explain this?\" she asked with exasperation as she looked all around at the surrounding damage.\n\n\"You know, with a name like Bodie Island, what can you expect?\"\n\nChapter 3\n\n*\n\n### Promotion to Bait\n\n### *\n\nSherry Lance laid the manila envelope down on the desk and said, \"Dr. Tatum, we have a potential problem. The democratic senator from North Carolina, Richard Fromage, has personally placed a rush on this case.\" Theresa Tatum picked up the envelope and sliced through the top with her desktop letter opener which was ominously shaped like a cavalier's sword. Placing the mini-sword back into its sheath, she extracted the three-page description known as a traveler and quickly scanned the pages for specifics.\n\n\"What the . . . ! Why is everything weird happening in North Carolina this week?! You would think that place was the nexus of Armageddon or something!\" she exclaimed as she set the traveler down and lifted the handset of her desk phone to quick-dial an agent. A half-minute later she hung up and tried the next button, for which she left a lengthy message to Pound. Hanging up again, she nervously drummed her fingers on the desk as she stared intently at Sherry. \"No one's answering. We'll wait here for fifteen minutes, and if neither of the guys call back, the case is on us.\"\n\n\"Us? Dr. Tatum, what do you mean, 'us'?\"\n\n\"Sherry, I hired you when I came on board with the plan of promoting you to agent status over time. Since then, you have performed admirably, and there is room on the budget this year for a promotion to Assistant Agent. That is if you believe you can handle the duties and accept the position,\" Dr. Tatum said as she paused. \"I believe in you.\"\n\nFor a moment Sherry was taken back with the suddenness of the promotion and the implications, and she remained speechless for even longer. \"Well, at any rate, I need to grab a few items from the store room in preparation,\" Dr. Tatum remarked as she stood. \"Please let me know your decision when I get back.\"\n\nSherry watched Dr. Tatum exit the office as she continued to reflect introspectively. She was not entirely confident in herself, but opportunities like this were few and far between these days. Then a sparkle turned into a smile, and she ran back to her cubicle and gathered her belongings for a trip south.\n\n**********\n\nThe traffic was daunting on I-95, but the conversation between the two young ladies was constant and refreshing, like a sleepover with friends might be. Their destination was a city in western North Carolina called Blowing Rock, a place which neither of the ladies was familiar, and there was much excitement about the adventure.\n\n\"What do you think our chances will be of solving the curse, Doc? It is the first time for both of us.\"\n\n\"I am hopeful that we can appease the senator, whether we discover what happened to the senator's daughter or not. Like it or not, we work for the government and where the government is involved, politics is key. To uphold our organization's reputation we were required to act quickly, which we have done. But that does not mean we will be able to solve the case,\" Dr. Tatum replied as she turned her eyes from the road for an instant. \"We will put on a good show, though,\" she said smiling.\n\n\"Politics,\" replied Sherry, nodding her head in agreement.\n\n**********\n\nAt the hotel, Dr. Tatum had secured a room on the fifth floor overlooking Blowing Rock and the valley below. The scenery from the room window was picturesque with clouds of smoke falling like a blanket on the mountains that evening.\n\n\"It's beautiful,\" remarked Sherry.\n\n\"Stunning,\" agreed Dr. Tatum.\n\nAfter a few moments of taking in the surrounding landscape, they unpacked and prepared for the late evening dinner meeting with the Senator's private detective who had also been assigned to the disappearance. Apparently Senator Fromage had left no string unpulled, but as Sherry pointed out to her new assistant agent, \"If we miss any details in the investigation, Detective Jackson will take up the slack.\" The dinner meeting proved differently.\n\n\"Let me introduce myself. I am Detective Bat Jackson,\" said the young man dressed in a suit and tie. Reaching out his hand, he reminded Dr. Tatum and Assistant Agent Lance of the actors in 1930's gangster movies: handsome, intelligent, and mysterious. \"And you are Dr. Theresa Tatum and Sherry Lance with the DAM. It is a pleasure to meet you,\" he said as he shook each of their hands.\n\n\"Greetings,\" replied Dr. Tatum. Sherry nervously blurted out something about nice hair as she gazed into his dark eyes. \"Let's get to business,\" snapped Dr. Tatum as she whipped out a pen and journal at the table.\n\n\"Of course. Where do you want to start,\" he replied as he helped Sherry with her chair. Dr. Tatum had already seated herself.\n\n\"With the subject. The Senator's daughter Carol Fromage was visiting Blowing Rock for the weekend according to the file we were given. Is that correct?\"\n\n\"That is what has been conveyed by her family, yes.\"\n\n\"And she was last seen at the local overlook?\"\n\n\"Yes, that too, is what has been reported, but this fact was reported by the local authorities and not by the family. The family knows no more about her movements than we do.\"\n\nSherry interjected, \"What have you found since you've been here?\"\n\n\"Ah, I see. You need my help.\"\n\n\"If we are going to work together, then yes, we would like your input,\" said Dr. Tatum.\n\n\"As separate entities, we must each gather our own information and arrive at our own conclusions,\" replied Detective Jackson with a smile. Then he added, \"But I can take you to the overlook tonight for your own assessment.\"\n\n\"That would be wonderful,\" said Sherry with a look of delight which disappeared as the toe of Dr. Tatum's pointed shoe struck her shin.\n\n\"Detective Jackson, I think that you owe it to your country to share any information on the case that you have obtained up to this point,\" stated Dr. Tatum with indignation.\n\n\"What if my data leads you in the wrong direction? That would be a shame that my country does not deserve. My agency will lead its own independent investigation, as will the DAM,\" said Detective Jackson as he sipped his glass of wine. At that moment, the waiter arrived to take their ordered and diffuse the tension.\n\n\"I have the gentleman's order. Can I get drinks and appetizers for the ladies?\"\n\nDr. Tatum and Sherry Lance ordered their meals, and as the evening passed, they could not help but notice the unusual appetite that Detective Jackson displayed: red wine and rare beef. Along with this, it seemed that he had done all of his investigating at night.\n\n\"Ms. Fromage disappeared at night. Besides, I have found that some places are stone cold dead during the day, but at night they are vibrantly alive.\"\n\n\"Disgusting,\" thought Dr. Tatum.\n\n\"I'm anxious to start. Are you ready?\" asked Sherry of Detective Jackson as she took the mint from the table and stood.\n\n\"I'll take you to the overlook,\" he replied with a toothy grin.\n\n**********\n\nThe roads were deserted on the way up the mountain, and the loneliness of the route gave the three investigators the creeps. The ladies both sat in the back seat as Detective Jackson drove, and when they reached the top of the mountain, there was a one-lane parking lot with only one car visible.\n\n\"The local police report detailed the scene. Carol's vehicle was discovered here, unlocked, and she was never found. The front desk clerk at the hotel reported that Carol did in fact drive away after dark the night she disappeared. The rest is a mystery,\" said Detective Jackson.\n\n\"Thanks. We'll take it from here,\" replied Dr. Tatum as she latched onto Sherry's arm and persuaded her away from the car and toward the overlook.\n\n\"When you're ready to leave, just call. You have my cell phone number,\" Detective Jackson said as he held up his phone and then walked into the shadows across the street.\n\n\"He's cute, like an alligator,\" whispered Dr. Tatum. Sherry giggled.\n\n\"Maybe he was trying to give us a hint at dinner. Maybe we should stake the place out tonight,\" suggested Sherry.\n\n\"We really have no other leads, but I don't know if I'm ready for an all-nighter.\"\n\n\"Come one, where's your sense of adventure,\" coaxed Sherry.\n\nDr. Tatum paused to think then answered. \"All right, but we'll have to take turns with the watch. We'll both stay up until midnight then I'll need to get a few hours of shut eye.\"\n\nThey both sat at the edge of the overlook, leaned up against a tree several yards into a shadowy forested area, and they waited patiently that evening for something significant to happen. A young couple parked in the lot and made out on the hood, then left. Several individuals arrived and looked out at the city, took pictures with their cameras and just quietly observed the twinkling of the city lights.\n\nThen it happened. At 11:45 p.m. Dr. Tatum stood up to stretch and rub her eyes when a car rounded the last turn up the mountain and parked in the lot. The driver's side door opened and a young lady got out and strolled up to the overlook and sat down to observe the city below, much as many of the others had done. As the spectator sat calmly taking in the view, Dr. Tatum noted movement from three directions around the young lady. Then three sets of glowing red eyes shined through the night from just above ground level, followed by guttural growling as the beasts surrounded the lady at the overlook. Pinned at the brink she screamed as a beast lunged at her, knocking her off balance. Before Dr. Tatum or Sherry could make a move to help, a black shape swooped through the night air and caught the off balance victim and leaped above the reach of the beasts, standing between and guarding her as she gained shelter in her car. Surrounding the car the beasts caught a whiff of something in the air, and as if they were alerted, the beasts disappeared into the shadows of the night.\n\nWhen she was certain the area was clear, Dr. Tatum gave the signal to Sherry to call Detective Jackson for assistance. The ringtone sounded on the other end, and they were shocked to see the black figure holding a cellphone and answering.\n\n\"Detective Jackson,\" the voice answered.\n\n\"Is that you?\" Sherry asked urgently.\n\n\"Of course its me,\" he whispered. \"Who else would it be.\"\n\n\"No,\" she replied rolling her eyes. \"Next to the car. Did you just save that girl?\"\n\n\"I helped,\" he answered as they came walking out of the woods with a look of disbelief on both of their faces.\n\n\"How did . . . what were those things?\" Dr. Tatum asked, stumbling over her thoughts and words.\n\n\"I don't know, but I'll bet they had a part in Carol's disappearance.\" Then he knocked on the window of the car, and the glass rolled down a few inches to reveal the lady inside who was apparently still shaken by the attack. \"Dr. Tatum and Agent Lance. Let me introduce you to Mary Fromage, Carol's sister.\" Dr. Tatum and Sherry looked at each other in surprise.\n\n**********\n\n\"What were you thinking?\" Detective Jackson inquired of the scared young lady. They were in the hotel bar talking over the encounter at the overlook in a whisper. \"Your father should know what just happened out there.\"\n\n\"You think my father doesn't know? You think that he's in the dark about this stuff?\" she asked sarcastically.\n\n\"What are you saying, Mary? Are you saying the Senator knows what's going on?\" asked Dr. Tatum.\n\n\"No, that's not what I'm saying. I don't know, but . . . but he asked specifically for your Department's help, didn't he?\" That much was true, and no one at the table could deny that she had put her finger on the truth.\n\n\"We just want to help, and find your sister,\" Sherry reassured her.\n\n\"Telling my father won't help so don't even think about it. If he finds out, I won't be allowed to help at all. Those beasts that we saw . . . that is the first real clue that has been found since her disappearance,\" Mary added.\n\n\"It's true,\" agreed Bat. \"Before tonight, we've had no leads. Mary came to me and asked if she could help, and I couldn't turn down her offer. But if I had had any inkling that she would have been in danger, I would never have let her come along.\"\n\nThey all looked from one to the other, then Sherry spoke. \"I have an idea that will allow Mary to help, but won't put her in any significant danger. I'll dress up as Mary, and I'll be the bait tomorrow night.\"\n\n\"Don't be ridiculous,\" commanded Dr. Tatum. \"If Detective Jackson hadn't intervened when he did, we would . . . well, I don't like to think about the outcome. And you Jackson, what were you thinking? Mary could have been seriously injured tonight.\"\n\n\"You're right, Dr. Tatum,\" said Detective Jackson. \"But she wasn't hurt, and if it hadn't been for Mary's bravery, we wouldn't have seen the beasts . . .\"\n\n\"You don't know that,\" Dr. Tatum interrupted. \"And you don't know that you can out maneuver them again.\"\n\n\"I'm certain I can,\" argued Bat. \"If Agent Lance is willing to risk it, then I say let's go for it.\"\n\n\"You're ready to risk the ladies' lives. How brave of you,\" retorted Dr. Tatum.\n\nWith the tension level growing between the two, Sherry laid down the gauntlet. \"This will work. It's what we should do, and I am willing to try, Dr. Tatum.\"\n\nSeeing that she was going to lose this battle, Dr. Tatum relented with conditions. \"When the beasts appear again, you will run, Sherry. But, I'm holding you responsible if anything goes wrong, Jackson.\"\n\n\"It won't,\" he said as he sat back in his chair.\n\n\"Good, then let's hear your plan,\" replied Dr. Tatum.\n\n**********\n\nAfter much haggling of the details, a concrete plan of attack was agreed upon by the DAM and Detective Jackson. The team broke away for the night with Bat escorting Mary safely back to her room which just happened to be in the same hotel where the others were staying. Dr. Tatum and Sherry ventured back to their room and talked along the way.\n\n\"Listen, Sherry. I brought a tool along with me that may prove helpful in a tight spot. Before we turn in, I want to show you what we have.\"\n\n\"I'm pretty tired, really. Can it wait until tomorrow?\"\n\n\"Yes, I suppose, but don't forget.\"\n\n**********\n\nWhen Dr. Tatum woke up the next morning, Sherry was gone and her cell phone was on the table next to her bed. \"Where is she?\" she thought as she showered and prepared for the long day ahead. Checking the time on the clock, it was 11:15 a.m. She had slept in late that morning, and there was much ground to cover in preparation for the trap that night. Morning turned to afternoon, and then to evening, and there was no sign of Sherry. Worry crept in, so Dr. Tatum made a short visit down to Detective Jackson's room where a \"Do Not Disturb\" sign was hanging from the knob. Suspicious, she knocked on the door repeatedly with no answer. Undaunted she marched back to her room to find that Sherry had returned.\n\n\"Where have you been all day? I was worried when you didn't take your phone.\"\n\n\"I'm sorry, I woke up early and decided to go out to the overlook to check out the territory in the daylight.\"\n\n\"You should have woken me up. I could have gone along, too. Was Jackson with you?\"\n\n\"No, I haven't seen him today.\"\n\n\"He didn't answer the door either,\" Dr. Tatum said to herself. Perhaps he was exhausted, or maybe he had company. After all, he was handsome and single.\n\n\"Oh, before, we go anywhere else,\" Dr. Tatum continued, \"we need to work with the tool that I brought along from the store room.\"\n\n\"Sure, but can we get dinner first. I've been in the field all day,\" replied Sherry.\n\nReluctantly, Dr. Tatum gave in to hunger, but with the promise of training afterwards. At the restaurant in the hotel lobby, they sat across from each other in a booth and watched traffic go by outside. The sun had set and night was slipping in. Before the waiter arrived, Detective Jackson made an appearance, and noticing Dr. Tatum and Sherry, he came over to greet them.\n\n\"Good evening, ladies. Would you like some company over dinner?\"\n\n\"Sure,\" Sherry replied before Dr. Tatum could object. Bat sat beside Sherry who had slid over in the booth to make room for him.\n\n\"I'm afraid I've been sleeping all day. I have a condition that makes night work more suitable than the day shift.\"\n\n\"Really. And what condition is that, if you don't mind my asking,\" inquired Dr. Tatum.\n\n\"I don't mind. I have a rare allergy to sunlight. It burns my skin,\" revealed Bat.\n\n\"You poor thing. That's terrible. How did you ever go to school like that?\" asked Sherry with sympathy.\n\n\"It wasn't easy. My parents home-schooled me. Being a detective works out well for me, too, since most major crimes happen at night.\"\n\nThe conversation continued after dinner until 9:00 p.m., and Dr. Tatum remembered she needed to train Sherry before the stakeout. \"I hate to break this up, but we really do need to prepare and move out,\" she said when the receipt was brought back by the waiter.\n\n\"I will meet you here with Mary in thirty minutes,\" replied Bat with a wink.\n\n**********\n\nBack in the room, Dr. Tatum retrieved a wooden staff from her suitcase and held it out in front of her for Sherry to observe. \"This is the Staff of Helios. It's not ancient Greek, however, it's been named that because of what it can do. This!\" she exclaimed as she brought one end of the staff down on the floor. The staff burst out in a blinding light, and Sherry fell backwards, shielding her eyes with her hands. Dr. Tatum, however, was unaffected.\n\n\"What is that!\" Sherry exclaimed.\n\n\"This is one of the many artifacts that have been uncovered by our organization over the years,\" explained Dr. Tatum as the light died out. \"Crush found it on a mountaintop in the Middle East. There were no instructions included however, and we don't know the full extent of its abilities. After playing with it for several hours, I've only been able to make the light burst from it. The one who holds the staff only sees a less intense illumination, like a candle to light the way. Everyone else sees a light source with an intensity comparable to the sun. At least that has been my experience.\" Dr. Tatum handed the Staff to Sherry.\n\n\"You want me to use that? What about Detective Jackson?\"\n\nUntil the dinner conversation, Dr. Tatum had no reason to worry about using the staff. Now, there was reason for concern. \"Only use it as a last resort,\" she reassured her.\n\nSherry struck down once with the Staff in practice, and the sunburst crowded the hotel room. After several minutes had passed, the light had not reduced in intensity, and Dr. Tatum realized that Sherry had a special connection with the talisman that no one else in the Department had shown. Intuitively and without instruction, Sherry struck the end back down to the floor, and the light dissipated on cue. Several more iterations passed, and Sherry was as confident with the tool as if she had been born with it.\n\n\"She has a knack with that Staff,\" thought Dr. Tatum. \"I hope she can unlock its potential.\"\n\n**********\n\nAs they approached the stakeout, Dr. Tatum and Detective Jackson parked at one end of the lot, while Sherry and Mary were expected to park at the other end of the lot when they arrived ten minutes later. \"Remember if Sherry uses the magic, the staff will harm you, Jackson. Just repeat what you did last night so that there is no need to use it. Otherwise, if you delay, you may be in serious danger.\"\n\n\"Thanks, Tatum. Let me know ahead of time if you get any more bright ideas,\" he said with a wink and a nod, and then disappeared into the night.\n\n\"That still creeps me out,\" she said to herself as she crept out to the far side of the overlook and into the shadows. Despite being in the Smoky Mountains, every star was shining bright in the sky that night, and part of her wished that this was only a vacation. No missing person, no investigation, only the peace of a starry night. Headlights appeared from around the last curve, and the micro vacation was over. Mary's car parked in the planned location, and seconds later, Sherry disguised as Mary ventured out and stood on the overlook, patiently considering the darkness in the distance and awaiting her fate. Seconds turned to minutes, and minutes to hours, and still no sign of the beasts.\n\nAt 1:15 a.m., Dr. Tatum leaned against the trunk of a large oak tree at the perimeter and closed her eyes for only a moment. Then a growl penetrated the darkness, waking her from a dream and bringing her back to reality. Three beasts with glowing red eyes converged on Sherry ever so quietly as she sat on the ground rubbing her arms to break the night chill. Closer and closer they crept, but still Sherry did not seem to take notice. Dr. Tatum feared that maybe she was also on the edge of a dream, but finally Sherry caught sight of the red glimmer from a set of the glowing eyes. Quickly she rose, turned her back to the sheer cliff, and lifted the enchanted staff to the sky with both hands, ready to fill the night sky with an explosion of magical light. Then Detective Jackson appeared from the darkness in the same enigmatic manner as he had the night before, streaking to Sherry's rescue with his mysterious abilities. Dr. Tatum suddenly felt a twinge of fear and apprehension, as the night sky turned black behind Sherry, as if all the stars were swallowed whole by some unforeseen force. As if time stood still, Assistant Agent Sherry Lance and Detective Bat Jackson were consumed by the smothering darkness, leaving the three beasts behind to scatter back into the shadows of the night. The darkness slowly drifted to the forest cover where Dr. Tatum was concealed, and an evil whisper riding upon the wind blew forth a message.\n\n\"Payment was due of Senator Fromage. Where are the crows to help you now, friend of Crush?\" Then the darkness twisted and crept its way over the mountains, vanishing past the peaks out of sight.\n\nTears streamed down Dr. Tatum's cheeks as she struggled to grasp what had just transpired. One minute two investigators were there, and next minute they were gone. Wiping the tears from her eyes she snuck out to the overlook and felt the earth in the dark for any clues she could find: temperature changes, humidity, residues of any kind. There was nothing.\n\nAnd where was Mary! Frantically, Dr. Tatum sprinted to the car and lifted the handle, but the door was locked. With her open palms she slapped the windows, and a sleepy face rose from the back seat. Rubbing her eyes Mary opened the car door, slipped out, and stretched her hands high in the air.\n\n\"What's wrong?\" she yawned.\n\n\"You mean you been asleep! You didn't see what just happened?!\"\n\n\"No . . . where's Sherry?\"\n\nDr. Tatum's heart sank at the realization that not only had her newest agent and an accompanying private detective disappeared mystifyingly, but she was now the sole witness. \"They're gone. Just vanished, Mary . . . we're going to have to contact your father.\" Dr. Tatum slid down the side of the car onto the ground and began making calls.\n\n**********\n\nTwo weeks later the new cases had begun to pile up on Dr. Tatum's desk, and she sat back in her chair, staring thoughtfully at the popcorn ceiling. She drew in a deep breath as she leaned forward to snatch the top folder from the stack. After reading the first few lines of the cover page, she placed it back down on the desk and gently closed it before she could take in anymore. Then she headed out of the office and down the hallway to the cubicles where Crush, Pound, and Seth were waiting for guidance on the next assignments.\n\n\"You all right, Doc?\" asks Crush.\n\n\"Yes, I'm fine, thanks,\" she said as she leaned against the top of the cubicle with her chin rested on her fingers. She looked as if she had more to say but was not able to put the words together.\n\n\"You know, Doc, you called my last assignment perfectly. I was wrong to give you a hard time about it,\" apologized Pound. \"I just wanted you to know that.\"\n\n\"Thanks, Pound,\" she replied.\n\n\"That stack of cases is growing, and I'm ready to knock one out for you. Do you feel like looking through them with me?\" asked Crush.\n\n\"Oh, . . . sure, sure. Come on back,\" she replied and motioned for him to follow.\n\n\"Hey, I'm coming, too,\" said Pound, and he thumped Seth in the arm as he walked by.\n\n\"Oh, yeah. Me, too,\" agreed Seth.\n\nAll three agents crowded in her office and started sorting the jobs one after another by location, and each made suggestions about the places they might like to go. Within a few minutes, each one had a new assignment and a plan for the week ahead. When Pound and Seth had taken an assignment folder and left, Crush lingered in the office with Dr. Tatum for a few minutes longer.\n\n\"Doc, that was a brave thing you did taking that case. Not just anyone would have taken such a high profile case. We'll find Sherry, you'll see.\"\n\n\"You were there for a week afterwards, and no traces of her or Jackson turned up,\" she replied as she sheepishly stared at the floor.\n\n\"Trust me about a couple of things. The Senator will turn down the heat on us, and that demon will turn up again. I still say the Senator's involvement is deeper than he's let on. Haven't met many politicians that weren't hiding something.\" Crush then placed his hand on her shoulder and said, \"You're a good leader. Don't forget it.\" Breaking the moment, Crush left her to her thoughts, whistling down the hallway back to his cubicle.\n\nAlone, Dr. Tatum placed the new cases in the respective slots for each of her agents, and then she picked up her phone and returned the call from Human Resources that she had been avoiding for a week. \"Yes, this is Theresa Tatum. I read through the resume, Linda, and I think you should send the candidate in for a meeting with my group next week. Friday morning will be fine. Okay, thank you,\" she said as she hung up the phone. Wiping the tear from her cheek, she walked with purpose out of the office, leaving the past behind.\n\n###\n\nNext Issue\n\nHold on tight as our heroes investigate the mysteries of a sinister sawmill and the murders in a National Park! And check in next time to find out what happens to Sherry and Bat in their adventure into the darkness!!\n\nAbout the Author\n\nChristopher Carter is an engineer by day, and transforms into a writer and artist by night. He lives with his wife and cat in central North Carolina.\n\n","meta":{"redpajama_set_name":"RedPajamaBook"}}